REPORT ON FOOD COMPOSITION TABLES:

REVIEW OF STATUS IN ASEAN REGION

ILSI SOUTHEAST ASIA REGION REPORT SERIES

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

 The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) is a non-profit, worldwide foundation based
in Washington, DC, USA established in 1978 to advance the understanding of scientific
issues
issues relating
relating to
to nutrition,
nutrition, food
food safety,
safety, toxicology, risk assessment
toxicology, risk assessment and
and the
the environment.
environment.
ILSI accomplishes its work through its branches and the ILSI Research Foundation.
ILSI accomplishes its work through its branches and the ILSI Research Foundation.

Established in 1993, ILSI Southeast Asia Region facilitates and coordinates scientific
programs,
programs, rresearch
esearch and
and information
information dissemination in Southeast
dissemination in Southeast AAsia,
sia, AAustralia,
ustralia, New
New
Zealand and the Pacific Islands. Based in Singapore, ILSI Southeast Asia Region also
oversees a Country Office in Australia and Country Committees in Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines
Philippines,and Thailand.
Thailand and Vietnam.

By
By bringing
bringing together
together scientists
scientists ffrom
rom academia, government, industry
academia, government, industry and
and the
the public
public
sector,
sector, ILSI
ILSI seeks
seeks aa balanced
balanced approach
approach toto solving
solving problems of common
problems of common concerns
concerns for
for the
the
health and well-being of the general public. ILSI receives nancial support from industry,
health and well-being of the general public. ILSI receives nancial support from industry,
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First version published: January 2017

Copyright © 2017 International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Southeast Asia Region

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ILSI Southeast Asia Region
 REPORT ON FOOD COMPOSITION TABLES:
REVIEW OF STATUS IN ASEAN REGION
International Life Sciences Institute Southeast Asia Region Report Series

Authors
JocelynYeli
Wong,Wang, Jocelyn
Yeli Wang andWong
Pauline Chan
and Pauline Chan

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

 essential in dietary treatment of disease or in any quantitative
study of human nutrition.”

- R. A. McCance and E. M. Widdowson, The Chemical Composition

of Foods, 1940, Medical Research Council Special Report No. 235,
Cambridge, UK

“Diets of human populations are extremely complex … Maximal

insight into the relation between diet and disease will usually be
obtained by examining diets both as constituents and as foods.
Calculations of intakes of nutrients and other constituents require
a food composition database that is complete and current.”

- Walter Willett, Nutritional Epidemiology, 1998, p.30, 2nd ed., Oxford

University Press, New York, New York

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

 Table of Contents

1. Background - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

2. Food Composition Tables in - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

10 Southeast Asian Countries

3. Summary of Findings on Southeast Asian - - - - - - - - - - 5

Food Composition Tables

3.1 ASEAN Food Composition Table - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

3.2 National Food Composition Tables - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6

3.2.1 By Country - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6

3.2.2 By Nutrient - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8

3.2.3 By Food Groups - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11

4. Conclusions and Recommendations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13

5. References - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14

6. Acknowledgements - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

1. Background
Since the nineteenth century, interest in the
components of food arose with the emergence
of chemical analysis, with studies focusing
on sufficiency and adequacy of the diet with
regard to macronutrients, minerals, and later
vitamins (Elmadfa, 2010). This recognition led
to efforts to establish reference databases
for consistency of food analysis (Church,
2006). One of the first compilations of food
composition based on analyzed data was
The Chemical Composition of American
Food Materials published in 1896, prepared
by Dr. Wilbur Atwater for the United States
Department of Agriculture (Atwater and
Woods, 1896), and revised in 1907.
In 1983, a conference organized by United
Nations University under the leadership
of Prof. Nevin Scrimshaw proposed an
international network of food data systems
(INFOODS) and established regional networks
to assist on improving food composition
databases (Scrimshaw, 1996). In the 1990s, the
INFOODS network was taken up by the Food
and Agricultural Organization of the United
Nations (FAO) with headquarters in Rome,
and they have been providing guidance and
support ever since (Murphy, 2016).
In Southeast Asia, the ASEAN Network of
Food Data Systems (ASEANFOODS) was
established in 1986 to increase the quality
and accessibility of food composition data,
as well as to maintain closer intercountry and
interregional collaborations. ASEANFOODS
was established with 6 member countries of
the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN), namely Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei
Darussalam, with Vietnam joining the
network in 1996. The Institute of Nutrition,
Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand served
as the regional coordinator and center for
ASEANFOODS. They have compiled regional
data from the national food composition
databases in the region, and helped to analyze
the quality of the data.
The aim of this report is to better understand
the status of food composition tables (FCTs)
in the region by collating available information
ILSI Southeast Asia Region
from each of the ASEAN countries. This will
provide essential information which will help
to facilitate the identification of gaps for
prioritization of future activities addressing
key nutrition challenges in this region.
2. Food Composition Tables in 10
Southeast Asian Countries
The status review was conducted by first
searching for the national food composition
tables in the respective agencies’ websites
of the 10 Southeast Asian countries. For
countries which do not have available online
version, hard copies were requested from
country representatives of the respective
health authorities and institutions. The data on
availability of hardcopy/softcopy of FCT, year
published, institutes managing the FCT, source
of data, language of food names in the FCT,
total number of nutrients selected for analysis,
nutrients analyzed, units of measurement,
total number of food listing, types of food
groups and number of food items in each food
group the type of nutrients analyzed were
collated and compiled. The information was
then sent back to the country representatives
for verification.
3. Summary of Findings on Southeast
Asian Food Composition Tables
3.1. ASEAN FCT
The 1st edition of ASEAN FCT was published
in 2000. It was developed based on data
from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. The
checking of the compiled data was conducted
by ASEANFOODS members and further
evaluation and database development were
managed by ASEANFOODS through Institute
of Nutrition, Mahidol University (INMU). This
ASEAN FCT covers 20 nutrients and 17 food
groups. The hardcopy is no longer available
since 2013 and the 1st edition of the softcopy
was published online in 2014 at http://www.
inmu.mahidol.ac.th/aseanfoods/composition_
data.html
5
3.2. National FCTs
3.2.1. By Country
3.2.1.1. Brunei Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam does not have a national
FCT. The country adopts FCTs from Malaysia
and Singapore partly due to the similar eating
patterns and available foods.
3.2.1.2. Cambodia
Cambodia does not have a national FCT, but
adopts the ASEAN FCT that was last published
in 2000. However, a FCT developed under the
Sustainable Micronutrient Interventions to
control deficiencies and Improve Nutritional
Status and General health in Asia (SMILING)
project is available in Cambodia. This FCT was
developed in 2013 and contains foods targeted
at women of reproductive age (non-pregnant
women, pregnant and lactating women) and
young children under 2 years of age.
The source of the data was a mixture of local
data and overseas sources (USDA etc), and the
data was managed jointly by local agencies
and Wageningen University, Netherlands. The
FCT covered 17 nutrients and 14 food groups.
In addition to macronutrients, other nutrients
which are critical to women of reproductive
age and young children such as vitamin D,
vitamin B6, total folate, and vitamin B12 were
also included in the SMILING project FCT. The
softcopy is available in excel format online.
3.2.1.3. Indonesia
The Indonesian FCT was published in 2009
and the 5th reprinting was in 2015. Data was
updated based on 1964 Indonesian FCTs and
recent research results, and it is managed
by the Indonesian Nutritionist Association
(PERSAGI). The Indonesian FCT covers 20
nutrients and 12 food groups (including raw
food, processed food and cooked food). The
hardcopy version is available.
In addition to its national FCT, Indonesia also
ILSI Southeast Asia Region
has a FCT developed under the SMILING
project. The data sources are from local data
sources (including local recipes) and ASEAN
FCTs. The data is managed jointly by local
agencies and Wageningen University. This
FCT was published in 2013 and provided
information for 20 nutrients (including vitamin
D, vitamin B6, total folate, and vitamin B12)
and 16 food groups. The softcopy in excel
format is available online.
3.2.1.4. Lao PDR
The 1st edition of Lao FCT was published in
2014 based on data from overseas sources
(USDA, ASEAN FCTs etc.), and was managed
by Ministry of Health, Lao PDR. The FCT covers
20 nutrients and 20 food groups. The hardcopy
is available, and the softcopy is expected to
be available online.
3.2.1.5. Malaysia
The 4th edition of Nutrient Composition of
Malaysian Foods (FCT) was published in
1997. This FCT was updated based on the
1988 edition and new data extracted from
published and unpublished reports. The 1997
FCT includes information of 19 nutrients and
22 food groups. Both the hardcopy and online
softcopy are also available. At present, data for
the 1997 FCT and the current FCT is managed
by the National Technical Working Group of
Malaysian FCT.
The update of 1997 Malaysian FCT is
currently carried out in stages since 2011
with the publication of standardized Protocol
for Sampling and Methods of Analysis for
Malaysian Food Composition Database and
the development of a web-based application
for data compiler, generator and data user.
There are 15 institutions participating in the
update of the current National FCT which act
as a data generator and/or data compiler. A
total of 43 nutrients and 34 food groups are
included in the current version of Malaysian
FCT. A partial release of the current FCT for
data users can be accessed at http://myfcd.
moh.gov.my/.
6
3.2.1.6. Myanmar
Myanmar had developed its national FCT in
1963, which is available in both English and
the local language. It was updated in 2003
incorporating data which included analyzed
local recipes, and is only available in local
language. The data is managed by Myanmar
Ministry of Health. However, since the FCT
covers a smaller number of nutrients based
on limited data resources (12 nutrients and 15
food groups), Myanmar also uses FCTs from
other countries such as those from Thailand,
India, Indonesia and ASEAN. Myanmar FCT
is currently being updated. Both editions of
Myanmar FCTs are available in hardcopies.
3.2.1.7. The Philippines
The 7th edition of the Philippine FCT was
updated in 1997. The source of data was
from analysis of foods, local publications and
foreign references, and the data is managed
by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute,
Department of Science and Technology (FNRI-
DOST). The FCT includes 16 nutrients and 17
food groups, and hardcopy is available.
Since February 2016, the Philippine FCT 1997
is available online and can be accessed at
http://i.fnri.dost.gov.ph/fct/library. Additional
food components such as total dietary fiber,
total sugars and sodium, have been added
to the online version. An additional 99 food
samples were collected, documented and
analyzed from 2006 to 2014. These included
36 new and 63 updated food items. The
samples were analyzed for the 16 nutrients
with the addition of new food components
such as cholesterol, dietary fiber, fatty acids,
potassium, sodium, sugar and zinc. These are
also included in the online FCT.
3.2.1.8. Singapore
The Food Composition Guide Singapore was
developed and published in 2003 based on
local laboratory analysis and overseas data
sources. The data is managed by Health
Promotion Board and covers 23 nutrients and
15 food groups. Hardcopy is available and
ILSI Southeast Asia Region
the online softcopy can be accessed at http://
focos.hpb.gov.sg/eserrices/ENCF/.
3.2.1.9. Thailand
The 2nd edition of Thai FCT was published in
2015 using locally analyzed data. The data was
processed and the database was developed by
the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University
and covers 27 nutrients and 16 food groups.
Hardcopy is avaliable and online softcopy can
be accessed at http://www.inmu.mahidol.ac.th
/thaifcd/home.php.
3.2.1.10. Vietnam
The 2nd edition of the Vietnamese FCT was
published in 2007 based on overseas data
resources and local analysis. The data is
currently managed by National Institute of
Nutrition. It covers 86 nutrients and 14 food
groups, Hardcopy is avaliable and online
softcopy can be accessed at http://www.fao.
org/fileadmin/templates/food_composition/
documents/pdf/VTN_FCT_2007.pdf.
3.2.2. By Nutrient
3.2.2.1. Macronutrients
Among countries with national FCTs, all the
countries have covered nutrients listed below:
• Water
• Protein
• Total fat
• Carbohydrate
Other nutrients were covered by some
countries but not others, and the summary
table is listed below in Table 1. Specifically,
ash was included by most countries but not
by Myanmar and Singapore. Dietary fiber
is available in most countries except for
Myanmar. Information on saturated fatty
acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid
(MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
and cholesterol was included by Malaysia,
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. A few
countries covered sugar in their FCTs: Malaysia
8
(online FCT), Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
and Vietnam; and only Singapore provided
information on starch.
In addition, Malaysia, Singapore and
Vietnam included additional specific fatty
acids analysis in their FCTs for specific food
groups. For selected food items, Singapore
had information on trans-fat and some
unsaturated fatty acid such as alpha-linolenic
acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA),
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and linoleic acid.
Malaysia has provided trans fatty acid, amino
acids, as well as fatty acid composition for lauric
acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid,
arachidic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic
acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and
arachidonic acid in percentage of total fatty
acid for raw food and ready-to-eat meals.
Vietnam also covered certain sugars, fatty
acids and amino acids content in its FCTs. They
include galactose, maltose, lactose, fructose,
glucose, sucrose, palmitic acid, margaric acid,
stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid,
lignoceric acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic
acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid,
docosahexaenoic acid, total trans fatty
acid, purine, lysine, methionine, tryptophan,
phenylalanine, threonine, valine, leucine,
isoleucine, arginine, histidine, cystine, tyrosine,
alanine, acid aspartic, acid glutamic, glycine,
proline, and serine.

Table 1: Summary of Availability of Macronutrients in Southeast Asian FCTs

Malaysia Malaysia
Indonesia Lao PDR (1997 (Online Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
FCT) FCT)
Ash
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ × ✓ × ✓ ✓

SFA
× × ✓ ✓ × × ✓ ✓ ✓

MUFA
× × ✓ ✓ × × ✓ ✓ ✓

PUFA
× × ✓ ✓ × × ✓ ✓ ✓

Choles-
terol × × ✓ ✓ × × ✓ ✓ ✓

Starch
× × × × × × ✓ × ×

Sugar
× × × ✓ × ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Dietary
fiber ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ × ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

9
3.2.2.2. Vitamins carotene and niacin were covered by most
countries except for Indonesia (no vitamin
Among countries with national FCTs, all the A) and Singapore (no niacin). Lao PDR and
countries have covered the vitamins listed Myanmar did not include both carotenes and
below: beta-carotene in their FCTs, while Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam provided
• Retinol information for beta-carotene but not
• Vitamin B1 carotenes. Malaysia (Online FCT), Vietnam and
• Vitamin B2 Lao PDR included folate analysis in their FCTs.
• Vitamin C Additionally, Vietnam and Malaysia (online
FCT) included Vitamin B5, B6, B12, biotin,
Other vitamins were covered by some countries Vitamin D, E and K, while Malaysia (online FCT)
but not others, and the summary table is listed also has Vitamin B9.
below in Table 2. Specifically, Vitamin A, beta-

Table 2: Summary of Availability of Vitamins in SEA Regional FCTs

Malaysia Malaysia
Indonesia Lao PDR (1997 (Online Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
FCT) FCT)
Vitamin A × ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Carotenes ✓ × ✓ ✓ × × × × ×
Beta-
✓ × ✓ ✓ × ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
carotene
Niacin ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
×

Folate ✓ ✓ ✓
× × × × × ×

3.2.2.3. Minerals sodium and potassium were covered by most

Among countries with national FCTs, all the
countries have covered the minerals listed
below:
• Calcium
• Iron
A summary table was listed below in Table 3
to show the other minerals that were covered
by some of the countries’ FCTs. Specifically,
countries but not Lao PDR and Myanmar. Most
countries provided information on phosphorus
and zinc except for Lao PDR (no phosphorus),
Myanmar (no zinc), and Philippines (no zinc).
Some countries included magnesium (Malaysia,
Thailand and Vietnam), copper (Indonesia,
Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam) and selenium
(Malaysia – online FCT, Singapore and Vietnam)
in their FCTs. Vietnam also covered manganese
in its FCT while Malaysia (online FCT) included
iodine, chromium and manganese.

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

10
 Table 3: Summary of Availability of Minerals in Southeast Asian FCTs
Malaysia Malaysia
Indonesia Lao PDR (1997 (Online Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
FCT) FCT)
Sodium ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
× ×

Potassi-
um ✓ × ✓ ✓ × × ✓ ✓ ✓

Magne-
sium × × ✓ ✓ × × × ✓ ✓

Phos-
phorus ✓ × ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Copper ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
× × × ×

Zinc ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
× × × ×

Seleni-
um × × × ✓ × × ✓ × ✓

3.2.2.4. Others • Meat and meat products

In addition to macronutrients, vitamins and
minerals, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Singapore and
Vietnam also included some phytochemicals in
their national FCTs.
Malaysia has provided comprehensive
information covering choline and carotenes
such as gamma-carotene, lutein, cryptoxanthin,
and lycopene among the others for specific
animal-based and plant food in its FCTs.
Meanwhile, Vietnam FCT included alpha-
carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopen, lutein,
zeaxanthin, as well as isoflavones such as
daidzein, genistein, and glycetin.
• Fish, shellfish and products
• Eggs and egg products
• Dairy and dairy products
• Oils and fats
Information for other food groups are listed in
Table 4 shown as below. The number of some
food items included have big variation among
countries. For cereal and grain products, the
number ranges from 2 food items in Cambodia
to 312 items in Singapore. For fruit and fruit
products, the number varies from less than
10 fruit items in Cambodia and Laos, to more
than 100 fruits in Philippines, Singapore and
Thailand.

Information for other food groups in countries

3.2.3. By Food Groups with national food composition tables are
shown as below. All countries except for
For countries with national FCTs, all countries Singapore have included starchy roots, tubers
included the following food groups: and products in their FCTs. Singapore has
included ‘starchy roots, tubers and products’
• Cereal and grain products food group as part of the ‘vegetables and
• Vegetables and vegetable products vegetable products’ food group. In addition,
• Fruit and fruit products some countries included beverages in
their FCTs, while others further catagorise
beverages into alcoholic and non-alcoholic
beverages.
ILSI Southeast Asia Region
11
 Table 4: Summary of Food Groups used in Southeast Asian FCTs

Malaysia Malaysia
Indonesia Lao PDR (1997 (Online Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
FCT) FCT)
Starchy
roots,
tubers ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ × ✓ ✓
and
products
Le-
gumes,
nuts and
seeds × ✓ × × × × ✓ ✓ ✓
and
their
products
Le-
gume
and ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
× × × × ×
legume
prod-
ucts
Nuts,
seeds
and ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ × × × ×
prod-
ucts
Fast ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
× × × ×
food
Local
kuih,
pastries, ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
× × × × ×
desserts
and
snacks
Snack ✓ ✓
× × × × × × ×
food
Dessert × ✓ × × × × × × ×
Bever- ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
× ×
ages
Bever-
ages, ✓ ✓
× × × × × × ×
alcohol-
ic
Bever-
ages, ✓ ✓ ✓
× × × × × ×
non-al-
coholic
Sugars
and syr- × ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ × ✓ ✓
ups
Sauces
and con- ✓ ✓ × × × ✓ × ✓ ✓
diments

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

12
 Com-
posite ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ × ✓ ✓ ✓ ×
dishes
Other
mixed ✓
× × × × × × × ×
ethnic
dishes
Baby ✓ ✓ ✓
× × × × × ×
foods
Miscella- ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
× × × ×
neous
Canned ✓
× × × × × × × ×
food

4. Conclusion and Recommendations

Nutrients analyzed in the national FCTs in
the Southeast Asia vary significantly from
country to country. While key macronutrients
such as carbohydrate, protein and total
fats are covered, many others such as total
sugar, vitamin Bs etc. are still missing. These
missing nutrients are information required for
the national food consumption surveys and
eventually provide critical data for national
public health policies.
ILSI SEA Region is working closely with
ASEANFOODS and relevant agencies in
ASEAN in the development and improvement
of the quality of national FCT in the ASEAN
region, such as the identification and analysis
of priority missing nutrients and food items
that are relevant to the population; and the
incorporation of branded food products data
from food companies into the national FCTs.

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

13
5. References

Atwater WO & Woods CD (1896) The Chemical
Composition of American Food Materials.
US Office of Experiment Stations. Experiment
Stations Bulletin 28. Government Printing
Office: Washington, DC. Available at: http://
www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/data/
classics/index.html.
Church SM (2006) The history of food
composition databases. Nutr Bull, 31:15–20.
Elmadfa I, Meyer AL. (2010) Importance of
Food Composition Data to Nutrition and
Public Health. Eur J Clin Nutr, 64 Suppl 3:S4-7
Ana Rodriguez‑Mateos, David Vauzour,
Christian G. Krueger, et. al. (2014) Bioavailability,
Bioactivity and Impact on Health of Dietary
Flavonoids and Related Compounds: An
Update. Arch Toxicol, 88:1803–1853
Nevin S Scrimshaw (1997) INFOODS: The
International Network of Food Data, Am J Clin
Nutr, 65(suppl): I 1190S-1193S
Wichien Sriwichai Jacques Berger, Christian
Picq and Sylvie Avallone (2016) Determining
Factors of Lipophilic Micronutrient
Bioaccessibility in Several Leafy Vegetables, J
Agric Food Chem, 64(8):1695-70.

Finglas P.M, Roe M.A., Pinchen H.M, Berry R.,

Church S.M., Dodhia S.K., Farron-Wilson M.
and Swan G. (2015) McCance and Widdowson’s
The Composition of Foods, 7th summary
edition.

The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge

Jaap. C. Hanekamp, Aalt Bast and Edward
J. Calabrese (2015) Nutrition and Health –
Transforming Research Traditions, Crit Rev
Food Sci, 55:1072–1078

McCance RA & Lawrence RD (1929) The

Carbohydrate Content of Foods, Medical
Research Council Special Report Series no.
135.HMSO: London.

McCance RA & Widdowson EM (1940) The

Chemical Composition of Foods, Medical
Research Council Special Report Series no.
235. HMSO: London.

Suzanne P. Murphy, U. Ruth Charrondiere,

Barbara Burlingame (2016) Thirty Years of
Progress in Harmonizing and Compiling Food
Data as a Result of the Establishment of
INFOODS. Food Chem, 193: 2–5

Nicole Neufingerl, Ratna Djuwita, Anke Otten-

Hofman, et. al. (2016) Generating Fatty Acid
and Vitamin D Composition Data of Indonesian
Foods, J Food Compos Anal, 50:36–48

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

14
6. Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge the following
representatives and their teams, institutes and
agencies for their contribution in providing the
necessary information and with the verification:
• Ms. Gladis Lin, Health Promotion Board,
Singapore
• Dr. Prapasri Puwastien, Institute of
Nutrition, Mahidol University, Thailand

• Mr. Ilham Bin Haji Md. Ali, Department of • Dr. Kunchit Judprasong, Institute of
Health, Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam Nutrition, Mahidol University, Thailand

• Mr. Seyha Sok, Department of Fisheries
Post-Harvest Technologies and Quality
Control (DFPTQ), Fisheries Administration
(FiA), Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF), Cambodia
• Mr. Le Hong Dung, Department of Food
Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition,
Vietnam

• Dr. In Sokneang, Institute of Technology of

Cambodia, Cambodia

• Dr. Fitrah Ernawati, Center of Research

and Development for Biomedical and Basic
Technology of Health, Indonesia

• Dr. Siti Muslimatun, Indonesia International

Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Indonesia

• Dr. Marudut Sitompul MPS, Nutrition

Study Program, Health Polytechnic II Jakarta,
Indonesia

• Dr. Sengchanh Kounnavong, Health

Research Division, National Institute of Public
Health (NIOPH), Ministry of Health, Lao PDR

• Ms. Rusidah Bt Selamat, Nutrition Division,

Ministry of Health, Malaysia

• Dr. E-Siong Tee, Nutrition Society of

Malaysia, Malaysia

• Dr. Htin Lin, National Nutrition Center,

Department of Public Health, Ministry of
Health, Myanmar

• Dr. Ruby J. Apilado, Food Quality and

Safety Section, Food and Nutrition Research
and Development Division, Food and
Nutrition Research Institute, Department
of Science and Technology (FNRI-DOST),
Philippines

• Dr. Avena Ennata, FNRI-DOST, Philippines

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

15
 Food Composition Tables (FCT) of ASEAN Countries
Last Accessed on January 31, 2017

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

16
 ASEAN Food Cambodia - Indonesia -
Indonesia
Composition Tables SMILING Project SMILING Project
Availability of FCT Yes, the hard copy was Softcopy (In excel) Yes Softcopy (In excel)
Hard-copy Version published in 2000 but
no longer available
since 2013

Title of Document ASEAN Food D3_5a_SMILING_ Tabel Komposisi D3_5a_SMILING_FCT_

Composition Tables FCTCambodia_01 Pangan Indonesia Indonesia_070813
0813_protected.xlsx - Indonesian Food _protected
Composition Table

Year Published 2000 (hard copy), 2014 2013 2009 2013

(online)

Edition 1st - 5th reprinted version in -

March 2015

Online URL (If http://www.inmu. http://www.fao.org/ Not available http://www.fao.org/

Softcopy Avaliable mahidol. ac.th/ infoods/infoods/tables- infoods/infoods/tables-
Online) aseanfoods/ and-databases/asia/ and-databases/asia/
composition_data.html en/ en/

Institute(s) Managing ASEANFOODS Regional Ministry of Agriculture, Persatuan Ahli Gizi SouthEast Asian
Data Centre: Institute of Forestry and Fisheries Indonesia (PERSAGI) - Ministers of Education
Nutrition, Mahidol of Cambodia / Fisheries Indonesian Nutritionist Organization,
University Administration/ Association Indonesia; Ministry
Department of of Health, Indonesia;
Fisheries Post-Harvest Wageningen University,
Technologies and Netherlands
Quality Control, Ministry
of Health, Cambodia -
National Maternal and
Child Health Center,
Wageningen University,
Netherlands

Source of Data Analyzed locally; Bognar, UK 6th, DK7.01, Data presented Local recipes,
Countries included in US21, NLG, AAFCT, are based on 1964 Indonesian
the data: Indonesia, VNFCT, THFCT, PHFCT, Indonesian Sources (DABM-
Malaysia, the MYFCT, MPHFCT, USDA, Food Composition 1964, KZGPI-1990,
Philippines, Singapore, IDFCT, Own sample Table and research KZGMS-1993,
Thailand, Vietnam results of the Centre KZGPI-2001, dkbm 95,
of Nutrition Research Nutrisurvey) and ASEAN
and Development of Food Composition
Indonesia MOH Tables

Foot Note/ NA - FCT is in Bahasa -

Supplementary Indonesian
Information

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

17
 Malaysia Malaysia
Lao PDR Myanmar
(1997 FCT) (online FCT)

Availability of FCT Yes Yes No, only for the Yes

Hard-copy Version Protocol for Sampling
and Methods of
Analysis for Malaysian
Food Composition
Database
Title of Document Lao Food Composition Nutrient Composition of Nutrient Composition of -
Tables Malaysian Foods Malaysian Foods

Year Published 2014 1997 2016 1963 and 2003

Edition 1st 4th Online version -

Online URL (If http://www.nioph.gov. http://myfcd.moh.gov. http://myfcd.moh.gov. Both 1963 and 2003
Softcopy Avaliable la/ my/ my/ versions are only
Online) available in hard copy,
http://www.nutriweb. not in soft copy
org. my/searchfood.
php

Institute(s) Managing National Institute of Institute for Medical Data Compilers: Department of
Data Public Health, MOH, Research (for the Nutrition Division MOH, Medical Research &
Lao PDR Malaysian Food Institute for Medical Department of Public
Composition Database Research (IMR) Health, Ministry of
Programme) MOH, Department of Health, Myanmar
Chemistry Malaysia

Source of Data ASEAN FCT 2000; Data presented in this Current FCT - Ongoing Own Analysis
Thai FCT 2007; USDA; 4th edition (1997) of analysis is currently
New Zealand 2009; the Tables are based carried out in
KZGPI-1990 IND on the 1988 edition stages based on a
Indonesia 1990; (Tee et al., 1988). standardized protocol
DABM1964 and Some additional data methods of Malaysian
Package of Food on specific nutrients Food Composition
Analyzed are also presented Database by the
in this edition. Some participating agencies
of these data have especially Chemistry
been extracted from Department, Institute
published reports for Medical Research
whereas others are
previously unpublished
data

Foot Note/ The study, preparation - - Myanmar has

Supplementary and publication developed Food
Information nancially supported Composition
by the European Table since 1963
Commission under the from Department of
Seventh Framework Research and updated
Program - SMILING in 2003. But it covers
projec only 13 nutrients
for some Myanmar
food and recipes. So
sometimes other FCTs
mainly Thai, India,
Indonesia, Asean
and also Nutrisurvey
database are used.
Myanmar FCT is being
updated but it is in
initial stage till now.

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

18
 Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

Availability of FCT Yes Yes, the hardcopy was Yes, the hard copy was Yes
Hard-copy Version published in 2003 and published in 2015
has stopped reprinting

Title of Document Philippine Food Food Composition Thai Food Composition Vietnamese Food
Composition Tables Guide Singapore Tables 2015 Composition Table
(PhilFCT)
Year Published 2016 2003 2015 2007

Edition Online version - 2nd 2nd

Online URL (If http://i.fnri.dost.gov.ph/ http://focos.hpb.gov. http://www.inmu. http://www.fao.org/

Softcopy Avaliable fct/library sg/ eservices/ENCF/ mahidol. ac.th/thaifcd/ leadmin/templates/
Online) home.php food_ composition/
documents/ pdf/VTN_
FCT_2007.pdf

Institute(s) Managing Food and Nutrition Health Information Institute of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition,
Data Research Institute, Centre, Health Mahidol University Ministry of Health
Department of Science Promotion Board (HPB)
and Technology (FNRI-
DOST)

Source of Data Local analysis of foods, Energy and nutrient Analysed data from: Analyzed locally,
local publications and values come from INMU (main source), borrowed from other
foreign references laboratory analysis Ministry of Public Health national and regional
conducted in (MOPH), published FCTs
Singapore. Data from papers, theses, reports
overseas sources are
also use in this book.

Foot Note/ - The food composition NA FCT is in Vietnamese

Supplementary database with and English
Information updated food groups
and food items is
available on the Health
Promotion Board
Website: http://focos.
hpb. gov.sg/eservices/
ENCF/ foodsearch.aspx

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

19
 ASEAN Food Cambodia - Indonesia -
Indonesia
Composition Tables SMILING Project SMILING Project
Assumption made on “The following nutrient - Values in bold are -
the analysis of the values are presumed extracted from Food
nutrients/ Other note zero (0p) Composition Table for
Use in ASEAN
1. Dietary fiber in
animal-based foods

2. Cholesterol in plant-
based foods

3. Retinol in plant-
based foods ‘-’ no
chemical analysis or no
reliable analysed data

Language of Food English and Local Khmer and English Indonesian (Food English
Names Names list under the Food
Groups table and their
Scientific names are
translated to English.)

Malaysia Malaysia
LAO PDR Myanmar
(1997 FCT) (online FCT)
Assumption made on USDA’s Retention *All methods of *All methods of -
the analysis of the factors were used to analyses for the analyses for the FCT
nutrients/ Other note estimate nutrient values FCT were explained were explained and
for the cooked food and contained in a contained in the
separate document Protocol for Sampling
Tee et al 1996. This also and Methods of
applies to the items Analysis for Malaysian
below, eg ash, fat, FCD. This also applies
vitamins and minerals to the items below, eg
listed below ash, fat, vitamins and
minerals listed below

Language of Food English and Lao English and Local English and Local Food Composition
Names Name Name Table 2003 is in
Myanmar language.
1963 version is in both
Myanmar and English

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 Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

Assumption made on Components not The following nutrient ‘presumed zero’ is used The nutrients which are
the analysis of the nutri- analyzed, but known to values are assumed to for: presumed zero include:
ents/ Other note be present in negligible be zero:
amounts were assigned 1) Components not 1. Retinol in plant-based
zero values. The food 1. Dietary fiber in analysed, but naturally food
components presumed animal-based food assumed to contain
to have zero values are insigini cant amount or 2. Cholesterol in plant-
the following: 2. Cholesterol in plant- none of that nutrient based food
based food
1. Crude fiber in single 2) Carbohydrate, by 3. Fiber in animal-based
animal foods 3. Retinol in plant- difference which shows food
based food the value of -3 to -5
2. Retinol in single plant g/100 g edible portion
foods ‘-’ no chemical analysis
or no reliable analysed
3. β-carotene in white/ data
light colored single
plant foods e.g. grains,
cereals, seeds and
legumes

4. Ascorbic acid
in single raw
and processed
animal foods; food
combination; dried
beans, seeds and nuts;
cooked and canned
dishes/ foods unless
fortified

Language of Food English and Filipino English and local food English and Thai Vietnamese and English
Names names

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

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 ASEAN Food Cambodia - Indonesia -
Indonesia
Composition Tables SMILING Project SMILING Project
Portion Size No No 100g No
Edible Portion No No Yes Yes, in %
Energy Yes, in kcal Yes, in kcal and kJ Yes, in kcal per 100g Yes, in kcal and kJ
edible portion
Nutrient values Per 100g or 100mL Per 100g edible portion Per 100g edible portion Per sum of proximate
presented in (clear liquid food) (approximately 100g)
edible portion
Total Number of 20 17 19 20
Nutrients Selected for
Analysis
Nutrients Analyzed and Units of Measurement
Water Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Protein Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Ash Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Total Fat Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Saturated Fatty Acid No No No No
(SAF)
Monounsaturated Fatty No No No No
Acid (MUFA)
Polyunsaturated Fatty No No No No
Acid (PUFA)
Cholesterol No No No No
Carbohydrate Yes, in grams, Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
as available
carbohydrate, by
difference and Total
carbohydrate, by
difference (when data
of dietary fiber is not
available)
Starch No No No No
Sugar No No No No
Dietary Fiber Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Vitamin A Yes, in micrograms RAE No No Yes, in micrograms RAE
Retinol Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms
Carotenes No No Yes, Total Carotene Other Carotenes: Yes,
in micrograms
Beta-Carotene Yes, in micrograms No Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Vitabin B2 (Riboflavin) Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Niacin Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Vitamin C Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Sodium Yes, in milligrams No Yes, in milligrams No
Potassium Yes, in milligrams No Yes, in milligrams No
Calcium Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Magnesium No No No No
Phosporus Yes, in milligrams No Yes, in milligrams No
Iron Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Copper Yes, in milligrams No Yes, in milligrams No
Zinc Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Selenium No No No No
Other nutrients not list- - Other Nutrient - Other Nutrients: Total
ed above Available: Vitamin D Vitamin B6 (mg), Total
(mcg), Vitamin B6 (mg), conjugated Folate
Total Folate (mcg), (mcg), Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 (mcg) (mcg), Vitamin D (mcg)

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 Malaysia Malaysia
Lao PDR Myanmar
(1997 FCT) (online FCT)
Portion Size No Yes Yes No
Edible Portion Yes, 100g Edible Portion Yes, in % and grams Yes, in grams No
Energy Yes, in kcal Yes, in kcal Yes, in kcal Yes, in kcal

Nutrient values Per 100g edible portion Per serving size and per Per serving size and per Per 100g edible portion
presented in 100g edible portion 100g edible portion
Total Number of 20 nutrient for 42 43 12
Nutrients Selected for description
Analysis
Nutrients Analyzed and Units of Measurement
Water Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Protein Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Ash Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams No
Total Fat Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Saturated Fatty Acid No Yes, for selected raw Yes, total SFA in grams No
(SFA) foods and ready-to-
eat meals; each SFA
expressed in % of total
FAs; total SFA can be
calculated
Monounsaturated Fatty No Yes, for selected raw Yes, total MUFA in No
Acid (MUFA) foods and ready-to- grams
eat meals; each MUFA
expressed in % of total
FAs; total MUFA can be
calculated
Polyunsaturated Fatty No Yes, for selected raw Yes, total PUFA in grams No
Acid (PUFA) foods and ready-to-
eat meals; each PUFA
expressed in % of
total FAs; total PUFA
presented
Cholesterol No Yes, in milligrams; Yes, in milligrams No
only for selected raw
foodstuff and ready-to-
eat meals
Carbohydrate Total Carbohydrate: Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Yes, in grams
Starch No No No No
Sugar No No Yes, in grams No
Dietary Fiber Yes, in grams No, only crude fiber Yes, in grams, Total No
Dietary Fiber
Vitamin A Yes, Total RE in Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms Yes, in RE (in 2003)/
micrograms IU/mg (in 1963)
Retinol Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms Yes, in RE(in 2003)/
IU/mg (in 1963)
Carotenes No Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms No
Beta-Carotene No Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms No
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Vitabin B2 (Riboflavin) Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Niacin Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Vitamin C Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Sodium No Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams No
Potassium No Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams No
Calcium Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams

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 Malaysia Malaysia
Lao PDR Myanmar
(1997 FCT) (online FCT)
Magnesium No Yes, in milligrams; for Yes, in milligrams No
legumes and legume
products as well
as vegetables and
vegetables products
only
Phosporus No Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Iron Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Copper No Yes, in milligrams; for Yes, in milligrams No
legumes and legume
products as well
as vegetables and
vegetables products
only
Zinc Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams; for Yes, in milligrams No
legumes and legume
products as well
as vegetables and
vegetables products
only
Selenium No No No No
Other nutrients not Folate in micrograms Fatty Acid Composition Trans Fatty Acids, No
listed above for Lauric Acid (C12:0), Vitamin D,E,K, B5, B6,
Myristic Acid (C14:0), B7, B9, B12, Choline,
Palmitic Acid (C16:0), Lycopene, Lutein,
Stearic Acid (C18:0), Amino Acids, Iodine,
Arachidic Acid (C20:0), Chromium, Manganese
Myristoleic Acid
(C14:1), Palmitoleic
Acid (C16:1), Oleic
Acid (C18:1), Linoleic
Acid (C18:2), Linolenic
Acid (C18:3) and
Arachidonic Acid
(C20:4) are given in
Percentage of Total
Fatty Acid for raw
foodstuff and ready-to-
eat meals;

Retionol and Carotenes

for Beta-Carotene
(Vitamin A) Retinol, %
Total RE from Retinol
Alpha-Carotene, Beta-
Carotene (Carotenes),
Gamma-Carotene,
Lutein, Cryptoxanthin,
Lycopene, Other
Unidenti ed
Carotenoids, Total
RE from Carotenoids
are available as
micrograms per 100g
Edible Portion for
Animal Food and Plant
Food

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24
 Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

Portion Size No Yes, in per portion; No No

per 1 rice-bowl; per 2
slices etc. Portion size
(g) differs based on
the portion of the food
stated
Edible Portion Yes, in % Yes, in % and grams No No
Energy Yes, in kcal Yes, in kcal Yes, in kcal Yes, in kcal and kJ

Nutrient values Per 100g edible Per 100g Per 100g or 100mL Per 100g edible portion
pre- sented in portion (clear liquid food)
edible portion
Total Number of 16 23 27 86
Nutrients Selected for
Analysis
Nutrients Analyzed and Units of Measurement
Water Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Protein Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Ash Yes, in grams No Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Total Fat Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Saturated Fatty Acid No Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
(SAF)
Monounsaturated Fatty No Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Acid (MUFA)
Polyunsaturated Fatty No Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
Acid (PUFA)
Cholesterol No Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Carbohydrate Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams, Yes, in grams
(expressed as total as available
carbohydrate, carbohydrate, by
although not difference and Total
specified in table) carbohydrate, by
difference (when data
of dietary fiber is not
available)
Starch No Yes, in grams No No
Sugar Yes, in grams (online Yes, in grams Sugars, Total: Yes, in Yes, in grams
PhilFCT); grams
No (Philippine FCT
1997)
Dietary Fiber Yes, in grams (limited Yes, in grams Yes, in grams Yes, in grams
data in Philippine FCT
1997); Total Dietary
Fibre data available
in online PhilFCT.
Crude fiber data
available in Philippine
FCT 1997 and online
PhilFCT.
Vitamin A Yes, Total Vitamin A Yes, in micrograms Yes, in microgram RAE Yes, in micrograms
(RE) in micrograms
Retinol Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms Not shown, analysed Yes, in micrograms
but present as RAE
Carotenes No No No No
Beta-Carotene Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms Yes, in micrograms
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Vitabin B2 (Riboflavin) Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

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 Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

Niacin Yes, in milligrams No Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams

Vitamin C Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Sodium Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
(Online PhilFCT and
Philippine FCT 1990);
No (Philippine FCT
1997)
Potassium No Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Calcium Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Magnesium No No Yes, in miligrams (some Yes, in milligrams
foods)

Phosporus Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams

Iron Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Copper No No Yes, in milligrams Yes, in micrograms
Zinc No Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams Yes, in milligrams
Selenium No Yes, in micrograms No Yes, in micrograms
Other nutrients not - Available for selected - Other nutrients available:
listed above food items: Galactose(g), Maltose(g),
ALA, in grams; Lactose(g), Fructose(g),
EPA + DHA, in milligrams; Glucose(g), Sucrose(g),
LA, in grams; Manganese(mg),
Trans fat, in grams Vitamin B5(mg),
Vitamin B6(mg),Folate(μg),
Vitamin B9(μg),
Vitamin H(μg),
Vitamin B12(μg),
Vitamin D(μg),
Vitamin E(mg),
Vitamin K(μg),
Alpha-carotene(μg),
Beta-cryptoxanthin(μg),
Lycopen(μg),
Lutein+Zeaxanthin(μg),
Purine(mg),
Total isoflavone(mg),
Daidzein(mg),
Genistein(mg),
Glycetin(mg), Palmitic(g),
Margaric(g), Stearic(g),
Arachidic(g), Behenic(g),
Lignoceric(g),
Myristoleic(g),
Palmitoleic(g), Oleic(g),
Linoleic(g), Linolenic(g),
Arachidonic(g),
Eicosapentaenoic(g),
Docosahexaenoic(g),
Total trans fatty acid(g),
Phytosterol(mg), Lysin(mg),
Methionin(mg),
Tryptophan(mg),
Phenylalanin(mg),
Threonin(mg), Valin(mg),
Leucin(mg), Isoleucin(mg),
Arginin(mg), Histidin(mg),
Cystin(mg), Tyrosin(mg),
Alanin(mg),
Acid aspartic(mg),
Acid glutamic(mg),
Glycin(mg), Prolin(mg),
Serin(mg)

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26
 ASEAN Food Cambodia - Indonesia -
Indonesia
Composition Tables SMILING Project SMILING Project
Number of Food Groups 17 14 12 16
Types of Food Groups
Cereal and Grain Yes (Cereals and Yes (Cereal and cereal Yes (Cereals and Their Yes (2 groups: Bakery &
Products Products); 25 food products); 2 food items Products); 134 food breakfast cereals; Grain
items items & grain products); 25
food items
Starchy Roots, Tubers Yes; 12 food items Yes; 8 food items Yes; 87 food items Yes (Starchy roots &
and Products other starchy plant
foods); 7 food items
Vegetables and Yes (Vegetables and Yes (Vegetables and Yes (Vegetables and Yes (Vegetables); 24
Vegetable Products Products); 111 food their products); 36 food Their Products); 227 food items
items items food items
Fruit and Fruit Products Yes (Fruits and Yes (Fruits and their Yes (Fruits and Their Yes (Fruits); 18 food
Products); 81 food products); 5 food items Products); 119 food items
items items
Meat, Poultry, Fish and No No No Yes (Meat, Fish & Eggs);
Their Products 46 food items
Meat and Meat Yes (Meat, Other Yes (Meat and poultry Yes (Meat, Poultry and No
Products Animals and Products); and their products); 5 Their Products); 122
46 food items food items food items
Fish, Shellfish and Yes (Finfish, Shellfish, Yes (Fish and their Yes (Fish, Shellfish and No
Products Other Aquatic Animals products); 14 food Their Products); 175
and Products); 120 items food items
food items
Eggs and Egg Products Yes (Egg and Products); Yes (Eggs and their Yes (Eggs and Their No
17 food items products); 1 food item Products); 22 food
items
Dairy and Dairy Yes (Milk and Products); Yes (Milk and their Yes (Milk and Their Yes (2 groups: Dairy
Products 28 food items products); 1 food item Products); 16 food products; Human milk);
items 8 food items
Legumes, Nuts and Yes (Legumes, nuts, Yes (Nuts and their No Yes (Legumes, nuts &
Seeds and Their seeds and products); products); 0 food item seeds); 19 food items
Products 45 food items
Legume and Legume No Yes (Legume and their No No
Products products); 2 food items
Nuts, Seeds and No No Yes (Nuts and Their No
Products Products); 144 food
items
Fast Food Yes (Fast Foods: No No No
Franchise Foods); 8
food items
Local Kuih, Pastries, No No No No
Desserts and Snacks
Snack Food No No No Yes (2 groups: Savory
snacks; Sweetened
snacks and desserts); 4
food items
Desserts No No No No
Beverages No Yes; 2 food items No Yes (Beverages (non-
dairy or blended
dairy)); 2 food items
Beverages, Alcoholic Yes; 1 food item No No No
Beverages, Non- Yes; 13 food items No No No
Alcoholic
Oils and Fats Yes (Fats and Oils); 12 Yes (Fat and oils); 2 Yes (Fats and Oil); 14 Yes (Added fats); 7
food items food items food items food items
Sugars and Syrups Yes (Sugars, Syrup and Yes (Sugar, sweets and Yes (Sugar, Syrup and Yes (Added sugar); 1
Confectionery); 3 food syrup); 2 food items Confectionery); 18 food item
items food items
Sauces and Yes (Spices and No Yes (Spices/ No
Condiments Condiments); 52 food Seasonings); 37 food
items items
ILSI Southeast Asia Region
27
 ASEAN Food Cambodia - Indonesia -
Indonesia
Composition Tables SMILING Project SMILING Project
Composite Dishes Yes (Mixed Food Dishes: No No Yes (Composites (mixed
Local); 29 food items food groups)); 10 food
items
Other Mixed Ethnic No No No No
Dishes
Baby Foods No No No No
(Commercial)
Miscellaneous Yes; 19 food items Yes; 10 food items No Yes; 3 food items
Ready-to-eat Meals No (included in Group No No No
T: Mixed foods dishes)
Canned Food No No No No
Insects No, included in No No No
Miscellaneous
Total Number of Food 616 food items are 90 1115 174
Listing aggregated ASEAN
data (as agreed by
the ASEANFOODS
members) and
individual unique data
of Thai foods

Malaysia Malaysia
Lao PDR Myanmar
(1997 FCT) (online FCT)
Number of Food Groups 20 17 34 15
Types of Food Groups
Cereal and Grain Yes (Cereal and cereal Yes (Cereal and Cereal Yes (32 food items, 13 Yes (Cereals, Grains)
Products products); 17 food Products); 63 food food items released to
items items data users)
Starchy Roots, Tubers Yes; 3 food items Yes; 9 food items Yes (8 food items, 1 Yes (Starch Roots and
and Products food item released to Tubers)
data users)
Vegetables and Yes (Vegetables and Yes; 110 food items Yes; 4 food items Yes (Vegetables)
Vegetable Products products); 37 food
items
Fruit and Fruit Products Yes (Fruits and Yes; 93 food items Yes; 7 food items Yes (Fruits)
products); 8 food items

Meat, Poultry, Fish and Yes; 43 food items No No No

Their Products
Meat and Meat Yes (Meat, meat Yes; 38 food items Yes; 4 food items Yes (Meat & Meat
Products products and other Products)
animals); 35 food items
Fish, Shellfish and Yes (Fish, shellfish, and Yes; 112 food items Yes (Fish and fisheries Yes (Fish, Seafood and
Products other aquatic animals products) Products)
and products); 8 food
items
Eggs and Egg Products Yes (Eggs and Yes (Eggs); 12 food Yes (Eggs); 4 food items Yes (Eggs)
products); 6 food items items
Dairy and Dairy Yes (Milk and milk Yes (Milk and Milk Yes (Milk and Milk Yes (Milk and Milk
Products products); 7 food items Products); 19 food Products); 14 food Products); 19 food
items items items
Legumes, Nuts and Yes; 4 food items No No No
Seeds and Their
Products
Legume and Legume No Yes; 31 food items Yes; 4 food items Yes (Legumes)
Products
Nuts, Seeds and Yes; 4 food items Yes; 21 food items Yes; 11 food items Yes (Nuts)
Products

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

28
 Malaysia Malaysia
Lao PDR Myanmar
(1997 FCT) (online FCT)
Fast Food Yes (Fast food: Yes (Franchised “Fast Yes (Franchised “Fast No
franchise foods); 2 food Food”); 46 food items Food”)
items
Local Kuih, Pastries, Yes; 5 food items Yes (Traditional Yes (Traditional No
Desserts and Snacks Malaysian Kuih); 82 Malaysian Kuih); 15
food items food items
Snack Food Yes; 3 food items No No Yes (Snacks)
Desserts Yes; 2 food items No No No
Beverages Yes; 3 food items Yes; 7 food items Yes No
Beverages, Alcoholic Yes; 1 food item No No No
Beverages, Non- Yes; 2 food items No No No
Alcoholic
Oils and Fats Yes (Fats and oil); 1 Yes; 9 food items Yes; 9 food items Yes (Oils)
food item
Sugars and Syrups Yes (Sugars, syrup and Yes; 22 food items Yes; 25 food items Yes (Sugars and
confectionary); 1 food released, 4 released to Beverages)
item data users
Sauces and Yes (Condiments and No, Condiments and No, Condiments and No
Condiments spices); 4 food items Spices listed under Spices listed under
“Miscellaneous” “Miscellaneous”
Composite Dishes Yes (Mixed food dishes) Yes (Malaysian Dishes Yes (Cooked Dishes No
and Meals); 75 food and Meals)
items
Other Mixed Ethnic No No No No
Dishes
Baby Foods Yes (Baby food); 1 food No No Yes
(Commercial) item
Miscellaneous No Yes; 39 food items Yes; 16 food items, 2 No
food items released to
data users
Ready-to-eat Meals No No, listed under No, listed under No
“Cooked Dishes and “Cooked Dishes and
Meals” Meals”
Canned Food No No No No
Insects No No No No
Total Number of Food 140 580 raw and processed 153 analyzed, 20 food 792
Listing foods; 203 cooked items released to data
foods and meals; users
103 foods for Mg, Cu
and Zn; 118 foods for
cholesterol and FA
composition; 40 animal
foods for retinol and
carotenoids; 80 plant
foods for carotenoid
composition

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

29
 Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

Number of Food Groups 17 15 16 14

Types of Food Groups
Cereal and Grain Yes (Cereals and Yes (Cereals and Yes (Cereals and Yes (Cereal and
Products Products); 205 food Cereal Products); 312 cereal products); 78 Products); 23 food
items food items food items items
Starchy Roots, Tubers Yes; 43 food items No Yes (Starchy roots, Yes (Starchy Root and
and Products tubers and their Products); 26 food
products); 18 food items
items
Vegetables and Yes (Vegetables and Yes; 204 food items Yes (Vegetables and Yes (Vegetables); 126
Vegetable Products Products); 303 food their products); 292 food items
items food items
Fruit and Fruit Products Yes (Fruits and Yes; 186 food items Yes (Fruit and their Yes (Fruits); 56 food
Products); 125 food products); 183 food items
items items
Meat, Poultry, Fish and No No No No (They have
Their Products separate groups for
meat and fish shown
below)
Meat and Meat Yes (Meat and Other Yes; 359 food items Yes (Meat, other Yes; 82 food items
Products Animals and Products); animals and their
273 food items products); 161 food
items
Fish, Shellfish and Yes (Fish, Shellfish and Yes (Fish and fish Yes (Finfish, shellfish, Yes; 59 food items
Products Other Aquatic Animals products); 199 food other aquatic animals
and Products); 232 items and their products); 236
food items food items
Eggs and Egg Products Yes (Eggs and Yes; 24 food items Yes (Eggs and their Yes (Eggs and
Products); 22 food products); 32 food Products); 11 food
items items items
Dairy and Dairy Yes (Milk and Products); Yes (Milk and milk Yes (Milk and its Yes (Milk and Products);
Products 26 food items products); 90 food products); 49 food 9 food items
items items
Legumes, Nuts and No Yes (Nuts and seeds, Yes (Legumes, nuts, Yes (Pulses, Nuts, Seeds
Seeds and Their pulses and products); seeds and their and Products); 33 food
Products 89 food items products); 92 food items
items
Legume and Legume No No No No
Products
Nuts, Seeds and Yes (Nuts, Dried Beans, No No No
Products Seeds and Products);
69 food items
Fast Food No Yes; 216 food items Yes (Fast Foods: No
Franchise Foods); 17
food items
Local Kuih, Pastries, No Yes (Sugars, sweets and No No
Desserts and Snacks confectionary); 86 food
items
Snack Food No No No (included in Mixed No
foods)
Desserts No No No (included in Mixed No
foods)
Beverages No Yes; 119 food items No Yes (Beverage and
Liquor); 16 food items
Beverages, Alcoholic Yes (Alcoholic No No No
Beverages); 5 food
items
Beverages, Non- Yes (Non-alcoholic No Yes; 30 food items No
Alcoholic Beverages); 61 food
items

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

30
 Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam

Oils and Fats Yes (Fats and Oils); 11 Yes; 38 food items Yes (Fats and oils); 43 Yes (Oil, Lard, Butter);
food items food items 14 food items
Sugars and Syrups Yes (Sugar, Syrup and No Yes (Sugar, syrup and Yes (Sugar,
Confectionery); 52 confectionery); 9 food Confectionery); 27
food items items food items
Sauces and Yes (Condiments and No Yes (Spices, herbs, Yes (Condiments,
Condiments Spices); 31 food items condiments and Traditional Sauces); 23
seasonings); 81 food food items
items
Composite Dishes Yes (Combination Yes (Mixed ethnic Yes (Mixed Foods); 314 No
foods/ Mixed Dishes); dishes, analysed in food items
87 food items Singapore); 1264 food
items
Other Mixed Ethnic No Yes; 110 food items No No
Dishes
Baby Foods Yes (Commercial Baby No No No
(Commercial) Foods); 21 food items
Miscellaneous Yes; 11 food items Yes; 279 food items Yes; 30 food items No
Ready-to-eat Meals No No No (included in Mixed No
Foods)
Canned Food No No No Yes; 21 food items
Insects No No No (included in No
Miscellaneous)
Total Number of Food 1577 food items (online Yes; 110 food items 1659 526
Listing PhilFCT)

ILSI Southeast Asia Region

31
Disclaimer: This report is made available solely for the purpose of information and is
accurate as of January 2017. It has no legal value. Users are advised to verify any
information obtained from this report or on updates with the of cial sources. While we
have endeavored to ensure that the information contained in this publication is accurate,
ILSI Southeast Asia Region is not liable to any error or omissions.
ILSI Southeast Asia Region
Australasia • Indonesia • Malaysia • Philippines • Thailand • Vietnam
ILSI Southeast Asia Region