Carbo Cycle

Carbon is released to the atmosphere from what are called "carbon sources" and stored in plants,
animals, rocks, and water in what are called "carbon sinks." This process occurs in a number of steps. In
the first step, through photosynthesis (the process by which plants capture the sun's energy and use it to
grow), plants take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and release oxygen. The carbon dioxide is
converted into carbon compounds that make up the body of the plant, which are stored in both the
aboveground parts of the plants (shoots and leaves), and the belowground parts (roots). In the next
step, animals eat the plants, breath in the oxygen, and exhale carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide
created by animals is then available for plants to use in photosynthesis. Carbon stored in plants that are
not eaten by animals eventually decomposes after the plants die, and is either released into the
atmosphere or stored in the soil. carbon moves from a carbon source to a carbon sink and then back
again.

Nitrog Cycle

A lot of nitrogen exists in the air as a gas. Nitrogen gas, however, is not very useful to living organisms. To
use this nitrogen, organisms must first add it to other elements and form new compounds. Only then,
can the nitrogen be taken out and used by the organism. Ammonia is a compound used by plants and
other bacteria to construct larger organic compounds. Nitrogen fixation can also result from lightning,
which causes nitrogen gas and oxygen gas to react and form nitrate.

Nitrogen, like any other element found in organic matter, can travel up the food chain and pass through
all trophic levels. Eventually, some of it is expelled as waste or released back to the environment when
the organism dies. When an organism dies, bacteria will decompose the body and release nitrogen
containing compounds into the soil. There, it can be used again by plants.

Hydrogen Cycle

Water is formed by the combination of oxygen and hydrogen. During photo synthesis hydrogen is
produced by the dissociation of water which forms glucose after combing with carbon dioxide. Plants
provide food for herbivores and these animals get glucose and proteins from plants only. Hydrogen
forms carbohydrates which is an important source of energy for living being. We take these
carbohydrates in the form of food.

Burning of Fossil Fuels

When oil or coal is burned, carbon is released into the atmosphere at a faster rate than it is removed

Carbon Sequestration

When plants remove carbon dioxide from the air and store it, the process is called carbon sequestration
Deforestation

Deforestation is the permanent removal of trees from forests. Permanent removal of the trees means
new trees will not be replanted

4-Human population growth Fossil Fuels burning Automobiles, factories, power plants and other
combustion processes that were stored in geological forms are sent back into the atmosphere by human
actions which increase the amount of Nitrogen and affect the Nitrogen cycle