#### ROAS - Router on a Stick ####

Consiste numa ligação entre um router e um switch, utilizando um único cabo e fazendo uso de sub-
interfaces.

##Configuração do switch
Devemos configurar a porta de ligação para o router no modo trunk.
Se o cabo estiver ligado, por exemplo, na porta Fa 0/20 do switch:

>ena (ou enable > modo privilegiado)

> conf t (configure terminal)
> int fast 0/20 (configuração da porta de interface Fast Ethernet 0/20
>swichport mode trunk

Agora vamos gravar a configuração.

>Ctrl-Z
>wr
>(Pressionar ENTER)

A porta está configurada em modo trunk.

##Configuração do router
A ideia é configurar várias subinterfaces através das quais podemos encaminhar vários tipos de tráfego
para diferentes VLANS e ainda permitir a comunicação entre essas VLANS.

Suponhamos que o cabo se liga na porta Fa 0/0 do router. Então fazemos:

>en
>conf t
>int fast 0/0
>no ip address
>no shut

Vamos agora criar as sub-interfaces. Começamos por:

>int fast 0/0.1

Em seguida fazemos o encapsulamento.

Caso se trate da VLAN 1:

>encapsulation dot1Q 1 native

>ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 (endereço de gateway de determinada rede (ou sub-rede) e a
respetiva máscara)

1
Caso tenhamos criado uma VLAN, por exemplo, a VLAN 150:

>encapsulation dot1Q 150

---------------------------------------

INTER VLAN ROUTING / VLAN INTER ROUTING - MÉTODO 3 (ROUTER ON A STICK)

Suponhamos que o cabo se liga na porta giga 0/0 do router. Então fazemos:

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int giga 0/0
Router(config-if)#no ip address
Router(config-if)#no shut

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Vamos agora criar as sub-interfaces. Começamos por:

Router(config-if)#int giga 0/0.1

Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up

Em seguida fazemos o encapsulamento.

Router(config-subif)#enc
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1?
<1-4094>
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1 ?
native Make this as native vlan
<cr>
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1 native
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.100.14 255.255.255.240
Router(config-subif)#int giga 0/0.150
Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.150, changed state to up

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 150

Router(config-subif)#int giga 0/0.1
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.100.38 255.255.255.248
Router(config-subif)#int giga 0/0.150
Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.100.14 255.255.255.240
Router(config-subif)#int giga 0/0.200
Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.200, changed state to up

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 200

Router(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.100.30 255.255.255.240
Router(config-subif)#
Router(config-subif)# Router(config-subif)#exit

2
Depois de termos configurado todas as sub-interfaces com os respetivos encapsulamentos:

>exit (para voltarmos à configuração do terminal base)

>ip routing

Router RIP
Router(config)#ip routing
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#ver 2
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.100.0
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary
Router(config-router)#^Z
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
---------------------------------------------
Depois de termos configurado todas as sub-interfaces com os respetivos encapsulamentos:

>exit (para voltarmos à configuração do terminal base)

>ip routing

Router rip
>router rip
>ver 2
>net 192.168.1.0 (o endereço da nossa rede)
>no auto
>ctrl-z
>wr
>(Pressionar ENTER)

#### Introdução de voz em redes ####

#Switch (2960)

Configuração das portas do switch com ligação aos telefones:

>ena
>conf t
>int fast 0/1 (fazemos isto para todas as portas aplicáveis)
>switchport voice vlan 1 (neste exemplo utiliza-se a vlan 1 porque foi a escolhida para a voz)
>ctrl-z
>wr
>(Pressionar ENTER)

3
#Router (2811)

>no (Resposta a [Yes/No] - caso surja a pergunta na consola CLI do router )

>ena
>conf t
> int fast 0/0 (esta porta serve meramente com exemplo; é possível fazer esta configuração numa sub-
interface)
>ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 (gateway da rede e respetiva máscara)
>no shut

Vamos agora tornar o router num servidor de DHCP:

>ip dhcp pool VoiceLaB (nome que demos à VLAN ou o número da VLAN)
>net 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 (endereço da nossa rede e respetiva máscara)
>default-router 192.168.10.1 (gateway; no caso de hosts que não sejam telefones ficamos por aqui)
>option 150 ip 192.168.10.1

Devemos excluir os endereços de gateway da pool de DHCP para evitar conflitos:

>ip dhcp excluded 192.168.10.1

Os serviços de telefone só estão disponíveis quando são ativados:

>conf t
>telephony (entramos em telephony-service)
>max-ephones 5 (número de telefones)
>max-dn 5 (dial numbers)
>ip source-address 192.168.10.1 port 2000
>auto assign 1 to 5
>exit

Vamos agora atribuir os números aos telefones:

>ephone-dn 1
>number 54001
>ephone-dn 2
>number 54002
etc...

NOTA: Não esquecer de ligar os telefones e de ativar o DHCP nos hosts.

4
Criar VLANS
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)#name Benfica
Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)#name Sporting
Switch(config-vlan)#vlan 30
Switch(config-vlan)#name Porto
Switch(config-vlan)#^Z
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Switch#^Z
Switch#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]

Switch#sh vlan

VLAN Name Status Ports

---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
Gig0/1, Gig0/2
10 Benfica active
20 Sporting active
30 Porto active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup

VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0

Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#int fast 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/4
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
5
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/5
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/6
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30
Switch(config-if)#^Z
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]

Modo trunk do switch

Switch(config)#int giga 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Switch(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to down

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#^Z
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]

Configurar Router
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#int gig 0/0 (porta do router)
Router(config-if)#no ip address
Router(config-if)#no shut

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#int gig 0/0.1 (criar subinterfaces)

Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up

Router(config-subif)#enca (fazer tab)

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation ?
dot1Q IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LAN
6
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot (fazer tab)
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q ?
<1-4094> IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ID
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1?
<1-4094>
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1 n (fazer tab)
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1 native
Router(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.10.62 255.255.255.192 (gateway)
Router(config-subif)#^Z
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by Building configuration...
console [OK]
wr

Router rip
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#ip routing
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#ver 2
Router(config-router)#net 10.10.10.0 (ip da rede)
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary
Router(config-router)#^Z
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]

Criar subinterfaces 2, 3 e 4
Router(config-if)#int gig 0/0.2
Router(config-subif)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0.1, changed state to up

Router(config-subif)#enca (fazer tab)

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation ?
dot1Q IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LAN
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot (fazer tab)
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q ?
<1-4094> IEEE 802.1Q VLAN ID
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 1?
<1-4094>
Router(config-if)#int gig 0/0.2
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 2
Router(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.10.126 255.255.255.192
Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config-if)#int gig 0/0.3
7
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 3
Router(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.10.190 255.255.255.192
Router(config-subif)#exit
Router(config-if)#int gig 0/0.4
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 4
Router(config-subif)#ip address 10.10.10.254 255.255.255.192
Router(config-subif)#^Z
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration... [OK]

CONFIGURAÇÃO DOS TELEFONES NO SWITCH

Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#int fast 0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport voice vlan 1
Switch(config-if)#int fast 0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport voice vlan 1
Switch(config-if)#^Z
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]

CONFIGURAÇÃO POOL DHCP

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#ip dhcp pool Voicelab
Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.10.1
Router(dhcp-config)#option 150 ip 192.168.10.1
Router(dhcp-config)#

EXCLUSÃO IP DO ROUTER DA POOL DHCP

Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.1
Router(config)#^Z
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
8