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A Research Paper
Dagupan City
In Partial Fulfillment
Special Science
Submitted by:
IV-PASCAL
Submitted to:
S.Y. 2013-2014
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis attached hereto, entitled Alternative Paper from Artocarpus
_____________________________
Mrs. Socorro O. Ringor
(Adviser)
_____________________________
Panelist
_____________________________
Panelist
_____________________________
Panelist
Science.
Date: ________________________
_____________________________
Atty. Lemuel A. Astadan
(Principal)
ABSTRACT
This study aims to help our country’s present economic crisis. It mainly
found in the Philippines. This is use to have a cheaper paper and the trees won’t
different places. It was then cut into small pieces and were pounded to separate
the fibers. It was then soaked with water overnight. The sodium hydroxide
solution will then be added to attain the maximum separation of fibers. The fibers
were then bleached using hydrogen peroxide to remove the color of the fiber and
to obtain a light yellow to white color. It is then washed several times with running
water to remove all the impurities left on the fiber. After washing, the fibers were
dried. Starch solution was prepared in a beaker and the dried fibers were added
to bind it together. Fibers were added with constant stirring and heating. The
texture. The screen with paper solution will dry under the sun and will be peeled
from the screen after a few days. The paper is now ready.
fibers is effective for alternative paper. The researcher found out that Artocarpus
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank God for all the blessings He gave and for
guiding me through out this study. And I also like to thank, Mrs. Socorro O.
Ringor and Mr. Jun Solver Camara for helping me construct this study. To my
helping me with this study. I would still like to thank IV-Pascal and my best-est
Reyes, and Nicole S. Ramos for not giving up in helping me finish this study.
Table of Contents
Abstract ................................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgement ................................................................................................iv
Hypothesis ............................................................................3
Justification .........................................................................12
Subjects ..............................................................................13
Locale .................................................................................13
Procedure ...........................................................................14
Bibliography ........................................................................................................19
Appendices .........................................................................................................20
The word paper is derived from the name of the reedy plant papyrus, which
grows abundantly along the Nile River in Egypt. True paper is made of pulped
cellulose fibers like wood, cotton or flax. The pulp and paper industry is one of
Paper has always been a usual part of our daily lives that sometimes, we tend
developing resource.
Humans have always had the need to communicate their experiences and
ideas. In ancient times, people worked hard carving pictures and symbols into
the walls of caves, and on rock and bone. As human civilizations developed,
surfaces were found that were easier to write on, such as bees waxed boards,
palm leaves, bronze, silk, parchment made from animal skins, and clay tablets.
Long before humans thought of making paper, wasps were doing it. Paper wasps
build their nest by chewing tiny silvers of wood to make a paste that dries as
paper.
Fibers are the main component of paper. Any fibrous plant or tree (alternative
being a fibrous tree, makes it suitable for papermaking. With these, the
researcher was led to conduct a study on the effectiveness of the Jackfruit
This study aims to fabricate paper from an alternative raw material, the leaves
The researcher aspires to create paper out of fibrous leaves with quality as
good as commercialized paper, which can be used for ordinary and special
purposes.
paper?
a) Cost
b) Acceptability
HYPOTHESIS
The following will consume answers on the formulated questions stated below:
alternative paper.
paper.
made from Artocarpus heterophyllus that could be used in the paper industry to
cut costs of production due to expensive manufacture of paper from various raw
This study will also be useful to our fellow students for it will serve as a
reference for future use and as a basis for innovation. Essentially, this research
will be helpful in retail industry for it will promote Artocarpus heterophyllus not
along with other materials, such as starch used as a binder, to make alternative
paper. The plant material from which the fibers will be collected will be from its
leaves. The study will also determine the strength and absorbency of the
significance and health benefits, be it topically, orally, etc. Its leaves were known
methylene blue from aqueous solutions. These leaves can also be pound into
fibers and make an alternative paper, since papers are known to be produced
from trees. According to green seal’s, “Choose green report”, “While wood is still
plentiful source for paper, paper demands are expected to rise.” He added, “The
committee was looking for a fiber crop that could be used for paper production.”
seek for alternative paper using the fibers from Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The researcher has gathered some terms to guide readers with this study. The
Absorbency is the extent to which a paper will take up and hold a liquid.
Alternative raw material refers to any plant or tree with fibrous leaves.
Binder is the adhesive used to stick the layer of coating together and to the
paper.
Jackfruit tree is a very large and evergreen tree and is one of the largest edible
Papyrus is an ancient writing material made from the stem of the Papyrus
Cyperacease.
Reed refers to any of various tall grasses with slender often prominently
Artocarpus
INPUT heterophyllus leaves
Chapter II
Gathering and preparation of materials
and equipment
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Collection of fibers from the leaves of
pulp, cellulose fibers are released from the other constituents in the tree trunk by
first being ground into chips and then digested using chemical additives.
necessary primarily for paper to be made in the first place, but also to ensure that
the finished product has the desired properties, such as extra strength, better
OUTPUT Alternative paper from Artocarpus
water resistance and the right shade. heterophyllus fibers
Paper also contain some moisture in the form of water, commonly between 3.5
and 6.5 per cent. Paper is made from mix of types of trees. Some are hardwood,
some are softwood. In condition, some are tall, some old, some wide, some
young, some thin. Many of the “trees” used to make paper are just chips and
sawdust.
The Chinese consider jackfruit pulp and seeds tonic, cooling and nutritious,
seed starch is given to relieve biliousness and the roasted seeds are regarded as
aphrodisiac. The ash of jackfruit leaves, burned with corn and coconut shells, is
used alone or mixed with coconut oil to heal ulcers. The root is a remedy for skin
diseases and asthma. An extract of the root is taken in cases of fever and
diarrhea. The bark is made into poultices. Heated leaves are place on wounds.
The wood has a sedative property; its pith is said to produce abortion.
Hemp paper is made from the fibers of the hemp plant. Hemp is the oldest
cultivated fiber plant in the world. One acre of hemp can produce as much usable
Trees cut down to make paper take 50 to 500 years to grow, while hemp
can be cultivated in as little as 100 days and can yield 4 times more paper over a
20 year period. Until 1883, from 75-90% of all paper in the world was made with
cannabis hemp fiber including that for books, Bibles, maps, paper money, stocks
containing hemp fiber is the highest quality and longest lasting paper ever made.
It can be torn when wet, but returns to its full strength when dry. Barring extreme
conditions, rag paper remains stable for centuries Hemp particleboard and holds
nails better. Hemp is softer, warmer, more water absorbent, has three times the
tensile strength, and is many times more durable that cotton. Hemp production
one thousand years ago, are still in existence. One of the more notable
documents drafted in this Country in 1776 on hemp paper was The Declaration
times! Fabric made with hemp fiber was also used by Besty Ross to sew the
American flag. The industrial uses of hemp are indeed deeply rooted in American
soil.
JUSTIFICATION
the researcher presents the related justification which can justify the relationship
paper.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://personal.psu.edu/afr3/blogs/S10W/2011/10/where-does-paper-really-
comes-from.html
http://conservatree.org/learn/EnviroIssues/Treestats.shtml
http://www.arcticpaper.com/en/services/Uncoated-guide/Paper/The-make-up-of-
paper/
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/jackfruit_ars.html
http://digitalpoetry.wordpress.com/2007/12/09/alternative-paper-sources/
http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/GREEN/REPORTS/cgrtfree.pdf
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
paper.
I. RESEARCH DESIGN
Starch Solution
Beaker
Stirring Rod
Cloth
Silk Screen
III. PROCEDURE
Collecting of Fibers
plant. These were washed in order to prevent any contamination from other
substances. The leaves were cut into the smallest possible pieces and were
pounded using mortar and pestle for the purpose of separating the fibers. The
pounded material was then soaked in enough water overnight. After soaking
the material for one night, the mixture will be heated to further separate the
fibers.
color of the fiber and to obtain a light yellow to white color. It is then washed
several times with running water to remove all the impurities left on the fiber.
Formation of Paper
Starch solution was prepared in a beaker and the dried fibers were added
to bind it together. Fibers were added with constant stirring and heating. The
texture. The screen with paper solution will dry under the sun and will be
STATISTICAL TOOL
In this research paper, the researchers will make use of the Chi-Square
formula.
Chapter IV
procedures done in the preceding chapter. This chapter explains the outcome
paper making and the difference between the Artocapus heterophyllus fibers
Table I: Cost
Cost
heterophyllus leaves
Sodium Hydroxide 120ml P0.00
Solution
Hydrogen Peroxide 360ml P15.00
Analysis of Data:
Table show the cost of 2 papers: the alternative which is made from
shows that the alternative paper cost cheaper than other commercialized
specialty paper.
Product % Acceptability
Alternative paper 60%
Commercialized specialty paper 40%
Analysis of Data:
The researcher have asked random people what will they use as a paper
in terms of acceptability and cost. In this Table it shows that people chose
specialty paper.
Chapter V
Summary
After doing the experiment, the researcher found out that the Artocarpus
found out that Artocarpus heterophyllus fibers is more cheaper than any of the
Conclusion
Based on the research done, the researcher has come up with the
Recommendation
Appendix A (Computations)
Table I: Cost
o e o-e (o-e)2
Alternative
paper 35 37.5 -2.5 6.25 0.17
Commercialized
specialty paper 40 37.5 2.5 6.25 0.17
x2 = 0.34
n=2
df = n-1
= 2-1
=1
Level of Significance
(0.05) 3.84 > 0.34 ; Accept H0
Conclusion:
o e o-e (o-e)2
Alternative
paper 60 50 10 100 2
Commercialized
specialty paper 40 50 -10 100 2
x2 = 4
n=2
df = n-1
= 2-1
=1
Level of Significance
(0.05) 3.84 < 4 ; Reject H0
Conclusion:
solution will spread as this as possible to have a smooth texture. And it is then
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name:
Educational Background:
Preschool:
Mother Goose Special School System Inc.
Elementary:
Mother Goose Special School System Inc.
High School:
Mother Goose Special School System Inc. (Science High School)