3.

Consider a small length of

the cable. Let ds be its length
and R be the radius of
curvature. (Figure below).
4. Let be the angle
subtended at the centre by
the length ds.
5. Let F be prestress at one end
Material in Contact
and F – dF the prestress at
the other end.
6.
7. If N is the normal component
of F, we have

8.
For steel and concrete 9. If is the coefficient of 0.55
For steel and steel friction, frictional loss = 0.30
For steel and lead dF= 0.25
1. Friction between the tendon 10. Frictional loss due to
and its surrounding material wobble effect is calculated as
is the length effect and is 11. dF = –KFds
sometimes described as 12. where K is coefficient
wobbling effect. Friction due of wave effect.
to length effect depends on 13. Therefore, total
the length, stress in the frictional loss = dF
tendon (cable) and the =
coefficient of friction between
the contact materials. 14. or

2. Curvature effect is caused by 15. if F is the prestress at a

the friction due to designed distance S subtending an

curvature of the cable. Loss angle , integrating the

due to these effects is above equation between

estimated as follows: limits F and Fx, we have

16.
17. Value of and K may
be taken as follows:
18. There are several
means of reducing or
balancing the loss of
prestress due to creep.
19. In the post
tensioned beams several
cables are provided. The
cables are stretched in
succession. When a cable
is stretched, this cable
suffers no loss, but the
cable stretched before
suffers a loss due to
prestress in the cable
being stretched. Thus the
cable which is stretched
first will suffer maximum
loss due to stretching of
(n – 1) cables where n is
the total number of
cables. The cable
stretched last will not
suffer any loss. To
calculate the loss due to
elastic shortening, loss in
the first cable is
calculated and half of this
value is taken as the
average loss of all the
cables.
20. girders By AASHTO
specifications, an allowable concrete
stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And an
allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy =
20,If prestress is measured at
the time of pulling the wire,
the stress is termed as the
jacking stress. Deducting the
loss due to anchorage take-
up and friction, initial
prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the
initial stress minus other four
losses namely:
21. Loss due to
22. girders By AASHTO
specifications, an allowable concrete
stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And an
allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy =
20,If prestress is measured at
the time of pulling the wire,
the stress is termed as the
jacking stress. Deducting the
loss due to anchorage take-
up and friction, initial
prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the
initial stress minus other four
losses namely:
23. Loss due to
24.
25. vc) Creep of Concrete:
 26. Creep is the time Loss due to
dependent deformation due
to permanent force. In girders By AASHTO specifications, an allowable

prestressed concrete, concrete stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And

prestress is the permanent an allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy = 20,If

force in the member, causing prestress is measured at the time

compressive stress at the of pulling the wire, the stress is

level of steel. Hence there is termed as the jacking stress.

creep strain in the member. Deducting the loss due to

anchorage take-up and friction,
27. relaxation of steel initial prestress is obtained.

TOTAL LOSS OF PRESTRESS: Effective stress is usually the initial

28. elastic shortening stress minus other four losses
namely:
29. shrinkage of concrete

30. creep of concrete Loss due to

31. relaxation of steel

and Specifications Clear Span 48 ft Clear width

29 ft Live Loading HS20 Concrete strength fc ’
3000 psi Future protective cover 15 pf Grade 40 Elastic strain =
reinforcement The bridge will consist of six c
girders By AASHTO specifications, an allowable
is the stress in concrete at the

concrete stress of fc = 0.40 fc ’ = 1200 psi And

level of steel.

an allowable steel stress of fs = 0.5 fy = 20,If

Loss in prestress = creep strain
prestress is measured at the time
x
of pulling the wire, the stress is
termed as the jacking stress.
Deducting the loss due to
anchorage take-up and friction,
initial prestress is obtained.
Effective stress is usually the initial
stress minus other four losses
namely: x