Sei sulla pagina 1di 21



08/+(5(6(È/&22/80$48(67­2'(*Ç1(52

WOMEN AND ALCOHOL: A MATTER OF GENDER

Dária Sirqueira Matsumoto

5(6802
(VWHDUWLJRWHPFRPRREMHWLYRUHIOHWLUVREUHDLPSRUWkQFLDGDXWLOL]DomRGDFDWHJRULDDQDOtWLFDGH
JrQHUR QR DWHQGLPHQWR GH PXOKHUHV TXH DGRHFHUDP SHOR XVR GH iOFRRO 2V UHVXOWDGRV GH
DOJXPDVGHVVDVUHIOH[}HVVmRDSUHVHQWDGRVQHVWHHQVDLRWHyULFRTXHWHYHFRPRSULQFLSDOHL[RD
XWLOL]DomRGDWUtDGHJrQHURLQWHJUDOLGDGHH4XHVWmR6RFLDO6REHVVHDVSHFWRHVVDV³OHQWHV´GH
OHLWXUDGDUHDOLGDGHVRFLDOH[SUHVVDVQRDWHQGLPHQWRSRGHPSURSLFLDUDRDVVLVWHQWHVRFLDOQRYDV
SRVVLELOLGDGHVGHLQWHUYHQomRSURILVVLRQDO

3$/$95$6&+$9(ÈOFRRO0XOKHUHV*rQHUR4XHVWmR6RFLDO

$%675$&7
The aim of this study was to reflect upon the importance of using the analytical category of
gender in the care of women who became ill due to alcohol abuse. The results of some of these
reflections are presented in this theoretical essay, whose main axis was the use of the triad
gender, comprehensiveness and social question. From this aspect, these reading “lenses” of the
social reality, expressed in the care, may provide the social worker with new possibilities of
professional intervention.

KEYWORDS: Alcohol. Women. Gender. Social Question

$35(6(17$d­2

2 iOFRRO p XPD GDV VXEVWkQFLDV SVLFRDWLYDV TXH WHP R VHX FRQVXPR OLEHUDGR H
LQFHQWLYDGR QD VRFLHGDGH PRGHUQD 'H DFRUGR FRP D 2UJDQL]DomR 0XQGLDO GD 6D~GH

(VWHDUWLJRIRLGHVHQYROYLGRQRFRQWH[WRGHSyVJUDGXDomRFRPRSDUWHGRVUHTXLVLWRVSDUDDREWHQomR

GRWtWXORGHHVSHFLDOLVWDHP6HUYLoR6RFLDOHP6D~GH&ROHWLYDVREDRULHQWDomRGDV3URIDV'RXWRUDV
'DPDUHV3HUHLUD9LFHQWHH0DULD/~FLD*DUFLD0LUD
$VVLVWHQWH6RFLDOHVSHFLDOLVWDHP6HUYLoR6RFLDOQD6D~GH3~EOLFD ,,(56(663 HVSHFLDOLVWDHP

6D~GH&ROHWLYD )0863 PHVWUDQGDHP6HUYLoR6RFLDO 38&63 (PDLOGDULDVLUTXHLUD#JPDLOFRP


7HOHIRQH
6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661


206 RXVRGHiOFRROpXPGRVWUrVSULQFLSDLVIDWRUHVGHULVFRSDUDDFDUJDJOREDOGH
GRHQoDV 3HUHLUD 'DQWDV   UHIHUH TXH QRV SDtVHV HP GHVHQYROYLPHQWR FRPR p R
FDVRGR%UDVLODLQJHVWmRGHEHELGDVDOFRyOLFDVpDSULQFLSDOFDXVDGHPRUWHHUHSUHVHQWD
HQWUHHGRWRWDOGHGRHQoDVGDSRSXODomR
$ DXWRUD DLQGD GHVWDFD TXH R XVR DEXVLYR GH iOFRRO p UHVSRQViYHO SRU  GH
WRGDV DV PRUWHV TXH RFRUUHP QR PXQGR (VVDV PRUWHV HVWmR UHODFLRQDGDV D TXHGDV
FkQFHU YLROrQFLD GRPpVWLFD GRHQoDV VH[XDOPHQWH WUDQVPLVVtYHLV GHVHQWHQGLPHQWRV
IDPLOLDUHVHDPRURVRVLQWR[LFDo}HVFLUURVHKHSiWLFDKRPLFtGLRVHDFLGHQWHVGHWUkQVLWR
1RTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjYLROrQFLDHVXDVGLIHUHQWHVPDQLIHVWDo}HVRXVRDEXVLYRGH
iOFRRO SRGH VHU FRQVLGHUDGR XP GRV SULQFLSDLV ³FRPEXVWtYHLV´ SDUD R DXPHQWR GRV
tQGLFHVGDYLROrQFLDXUEDQD
2 &HQWUR GH ,QIRUPDo}HV VREUH 6D~GH H ÈOFRRO &,6$  DSRQWD TXH HVWXGRV
HSLGHPLROyJLFRVLQGLFDPRVXUJLPHQWRGHQRYDVWHQGrQFLDVQRFRQVXPRGHiOFRROFRP
R DXPHQWRHPSDtVHVGD$PpULFD/DWLQD $/ HQRV(VWDGRV8QLGRVGD$PpULFD (8$ 
1R FDVR GR %UDVLO QRV ~OWLPRV DQRV KRXYH R DXPHQWR GD YLVLELOLGDGH GH FDVRV
UHODFLRQDGRV DR iOFRRO H GLUHomR YHLFXODU (VVD PDLRU YLVLELOLGDGH HVWi DVVRFLDGD DR
FUHVFLPHQWR GH DFLGHQWHV H PRUWHV QR WUkQVLWR DVVRFLDGR j LPSOHPHQWDomR GH
GLVSRVLWLYRVOHJDLVTXHYLVDPLQLELUDHPEULDJXH]DRYRODQWH
2FRQVXPRGHEHELGDVDOFRyOLFDVpXPFRPSRUWDPHQWRFRPXPHQWHHQFRQWUDGR
HPGLIHUHQWHVFXOWXUDV(PQRVVDVRFLHGDGHpKDELWXDORXVRGHiOFRROHPFHULP{QLDV
UHOLJLRVDVHYHQWRVVRFLDLVHFXOWXUDLVVLWXDo}HVGHQHJyFLRVGHQWUHRXWURVPRPHQWRVGD
YLGDFRWLGLDQD,VVRFRQWULEXLSDUDDQDWXUDOL]DomRGDVXEVWkQFLDQDYLGDGRVLQGLYtGXRV
DVVLP FRPR SDUD ³PDTXLDU´ SRVVtYHLV GDQRV JHUDGRV QRV DVSHFWRV VRFLDLV SVtTXLFRV H
ItVLFRVGRVXVXiULRV
6REUH RV SDGU}HV GH FRQVXPR GD SRSXODomR EUDVLOHLUD R ,, /HYDQWDPHQWR
1DFLRQDO GH ÈOFRRO H 'URJDV /(1$'  DSRQWD TXH HP UHODomR DR ,
/HYDQWDPHQWR UHDOL]DGR HP  QmR KRXYH DXPHQWR VLJQLILFDWLYR QDV WD[DV GH
DEVWLQrQFLD 1R HQWDQWR UHJLVWUDVH DXPHQWR GH  QD SURSRUomR GH EHEHGRUHV
IUHTXHQWHVSDUDHPHPUHODomRDTXHHUDGH

$/HLQWDPEpPFRQKHFLGDFRPR/HL6HFDDOWHUDRDUWLJRGR&yGLJR%UDVLOHLURGH

7UkQVLWRTXHWLSLILFDRFULPHGHHPEULDJXH]DRYRODQWH
HPSDUDHP
,QGLYtGXRVTXHEHEHPXPDYH]SRUVHPDQDRXPDLV

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




$ SHVTXLVD GHVWDFD D DPSOLDomR VLJQLILFDWLYD HQWUH DV PXOKHUHV SRLV RV FDVRV
VDOWDUDPGHHPSDUDHP
2 XVR GH YROXPH H[FHVVLYR GH iOFRRO HP FXUWR HVSDoR GH WHPSR p SUiWLFD
FRQKHFLGDQDOLWHUDWXUDLQWHUQDFLRQDOFRPR³EHEHUHPbinge´(VVHWHUPRpXWLOL]DGR
PXQGLDOPHQWH SDUD GHILQLU R ³XVR SHVDGR HSLVyGLFR GR iOFRRO´ 'H DFRUGR FRP R ,
/HYDQWDPHQWR 1DFLRQDO VREUH RV 3DGU}HV GH &RQVXPR GH ÈOFRRO QD 3RSXODomR
%UDVLOHLUD  HVVHWLSRGHFRQVXPRpPDLVSHULJRVRMiTXHIUHTXHQWHPHQWHDVVRFLD
VH D SUREOHPDV ItVLFRV VRFLDLV H PHQWDLV DR FRPSURPHWHU D FDSDFLGDGH FRJQLWLYD
FRRUGHQDomRPRWRUDSLRUDUDFDSDFLGDGHGHMXOJDPHQWRHWF
(P UHODomR D HVVD IRUPD GH FRQVXPR R /(1$' DSRQWD R DXPHQWR GD
SUiWLFDGREHEHUHPbingeGHHPSDUDHPHQWUHDSRSXODomRGH
EHEHGRUHV 1RYDPHQWH REVHUYDVH FUHVFLPHQWR QD SRSXODomR IHPLQLQD GH  SDUD
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
$V GLIHUHQoDV GH FRQVXPR HQWUH KRPHQV H PXOKHUHV HVWmR UHODFLRQDGDV
GLUHWDPHQWH DR DEXVR GD VXEVWkQFLD TXH p PDLV IUHTXHQWH HP KRPHQV 1R HQWDQWR
HVWXGRVDSRQWDPRXVRH[DJHUDGRGHiOFRROHQWUHPXOKHUHV
2 , /HYDQWDPHQWR 'RPLFLOLDU 6REUH R 8VR GH 'URJDV 3VLFRWUySLFDV QR %UDVLO
UHDOL]DGRHPDSRQWDTXHGDVPXOKHUHVEUDVLOHLUDVIL]HUDPXVRGHiOFRROHP
DOJXPPRPHQWRGDYLGD(QWUHDSRSXODomRMRYHPQDIDL[DHWiULDHQWUHHDQRVR
Q~PHUR IRL GH  R PHVPR HVWXGR DSRQWD  GD SRSXODomR IHPLQLQD GR %UDVLO
FRPGLDJQyVWLFRGHGHSHQGrQFLD
1R,,/HYDQWDPHQWR'RPLFLOLDUUHDOL]DGRHPSHVTXLVDGRUHVFRQVWDWDUDP
TXHRXVRGHiOFRROHQWUHPXOKHUHVFUHVFHXHPUHODomRDR,/HYDQWDPHQWR2FRQVXPR
SDVVRXSDUDDIDL[DHWiULDHPGHVWDTXHIRLGHDDQRVGHLGDGHFRPGH
PHQomR DR XVR GH iOFRRO QD YLGD 1R TXH GL] UHVSHLWR j GHSHQGrQFLD GD VXEVWkQFLD
WDPEpPIRLFRQVWDWDGRRDXPHQWRSDUDHQWUHDVPXOKHUHVHQWUHYLVWDGDV

$TXDQWLGDGHTXHGHILQH³EHEHUHPELQJH´IRLHVWDEHOHFLGDSRULQ~PHURVHVWXGRVHPFLQFRGRVHVSDUD

KRPHQVHTXDWURGRVHVSDUDPXOKHUHVHPXPDVyRFDVLmR
6HJXQGRR0DQXDOGH'LDJQyVWLFRH(VWDWtVWLFRGH7UDQVWRUQRV0HQWDLVGD$VVRFLDomR$PpULFD '60

9, RDEXVREDVHLDVHQDRFRUUrQFLDGHXPRXPDLVGRVVHJXLQWHVFULWpULRVQRSHUtRGRGHPHVHV
8VRUHFRUUHQWHTXHUHVXOWDQRIUDFDVVRGHDWLYLGDGHVLPSRUWDQWHVQRWUDEDOKRQDHVFRODRXHPFDVD
8VRUHFRUUHQWHHPVLWXDo}HVTXHUHSUHVHQWDPSHULJRItVLFR3UREOHPDVOHJDLVUHVXOWDQWHVGRXVRGD
VXEVWkQFLD8VRFRQWLQXDGRDSHVDUGRVSUREOHPDVVRFLDLVRXLQWHUSHVVRDLVSHUVLVWHQWHVRXUHFRUUHQWHV
FDXVDGRVRXH[DFHUEDGRVSHORVHIHLWRVGDVXEVWkQFLD
6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661


$OLWHUDWXUDWHPDSRQWDGRTXHXPGRVHVWLPXODGRUHVSDUDDUHODomRDEXVLYDTXH
R JrQHUR IHPLQLQR ID] GR iOFRRO HVWi UHODFLRQDGR j DPSOLDomR GR SDSHO VRFLDO GDV
PXOKHUHV QD VRFLHGDGH PRGHUQD 3DUD 3HUHLUD 'DQWDV   ³HVVH FUHVFLPHQWR HVWi
DVVRFLDGRjVPXGDQoDVGHFRPSRUWDPHQWRVRFLDOHjHQWUDGDGDPXOKHUQRPHUFDGRGH
WUDEDOKRQDYLGDSROtWLFD´ ibidS 
3RGHVHWDPEpPDFUHVFHQWDUDRVDSRQWDPHQWRVGDDXWRUDDVSHFWRVUHODFLRQDGRV
jV GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRIULGDV QRV HVSDoRV S~EOLFRV H SULYDGRV GD YLGD HP VRFLHGDGH H
WDPEpP jV H[LJrQFLDV VRFLDLV TXH OKH p LPSXWDGD FRPR IRUPD GH IRUWDOHFHU H JDOJDU
HVSDoRVVRFLDLVDWpHQWmRSHQVDGRVFRPR³H[FOXVLYRV´GRJrQHURPDVFXOLQR
(VVDV TXHVW}HV GHQWUH RXWUDV WRUQDUDPVH EDQGHLUDV GH UHLYLQGLFDomR TXH QD
PDLRULDGDVYH]HVDSUHVHQWDPjVPXOKHUHV³FRQWDVVRFLDLV´6REUHLVVRFLWDPVHFRPR
H[HPSORV D GHVLJXDOGDGH VDODULDO H RV FUHVFHQWHV tQGLFHV GH YLROrQFLD FXMDV SULQFLSDLV
YtWLPDVVmRDVPXOKHUHV
3RGHVH DLQGD SHQVDU VREUH TXDLV RXWUDV FRQWDV VRFLDLV VmR LPSXWDGDV jV
PXOKHUHVHVHKiUHODomRHQWUHHVVDVFRQWDVHRXVRDEXVLYRGHiOFRRO
3HUHLUD'DQWDV  REVHUYDHPVHXOHYDQWDPHQWRELEOLRJUiILFRTXHDPDLRU
RFRUUrQFLDGRXVRDEXVLYRGHiOFRROIRLFRQVWDWDGDHPSHVTXLVDVUHDOL]DGDVQDVUHJL}HV
QRUWHHQRUGHVWH2XWURGDGRDSRQWDGRSHODDXWRUDFRPRSUHRFXSDQWHpRSHUFHQWXDOGH
 GH DGROHVFHQWHV GHSHQGHQWHV HQWUH D IDL[D HWiULD GH  D  DQRV QR FDVR GR
QRUGHVWHHVVHQ~PHURDSUR[LPDVHGH
&RPR UHVXOWDGR DSUHHQGHVH TXH HVVHV DGROHVFHQWHV QmR WHQGR R GHYLGR
DFRPSDQKDPHQWRGHVD~GHHVWmRVXMHLWRVDVHUHPDGXOWRVGHSHQGHQWHVGHiOFRROHPDLV
YXOQHUiYHLV DR ORQJR GD YLGD DRV GDQRV ItVLFRV SVtTXLFRV H VRFLDLV GHFRUUHQWHV GR
FRQVXPRH[DJHUDGRGDVXEVWkQFLD
'HDFRUGRFRP3HUHLUD'DQWDV  RVHVWXGRVORFDLVUHDOL]DGRVQDVUHJL}HV
QRUWHHQRUGHVWH³>@PRVWUDPTXHKiXPDSUHGLVSRVLomRSDUDRXVRHDEXVRGRiOFRROH
XPDWHQGrQFLDDRDOFRROLVPRIHPLQLQR´ ibidS 
$DXWRUDGHVWDFDDLQGDRVIDWRUHVTXHSRGHPFRQWULEXLUSDUDR³HVWUHLWDPHQWR´
GD UHODomR GDV PXOKHUHV FRP R iOFRRO FRPR DV OLPLWDo}HV ItVLFDV RX FU{QLFDV
LQVHJXUDQoDEDL[DWROHUkQFLDDRIUDFDVVRHGRUGLILFXOGDGHVHWHPRUHVSDUDHVWDEHOHFHU
UHODo}HV LQWHUSHVVRDLV GHQWUH RXWUDV GLILFXOGDGHV $VSHFWRV TXH SRGHP VHU
FRPSUHHQGLGRVFRPR³JDWLOKRV´DRDSUR[LPiODVGRXVRDEXVLYRGHiOFRRO
6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661


$FUHVFHQWDPVHDHVVHVIDWRUHVDGHVWLWXLomRGRVSDSpLVVRFLDOPHQWHDWULEXtGRV
jV PXOKHUHV 3RGHP VHU FLWDGDV FRPR H[HPSOR PXOKHUHV TXH WrP DV VXDV DWLYLGDGHV
UHVWULWDV DR HVSDoR SULYDGR GD YLGD VRFLDO FRPR RV FXLGDGRV FRP RV FRPSDQKHLURV
ILOKRVRXDRVGHPDLVPHPEURVDGRHFLGRVGRQ~FOHRIDPLOLDU$SHUGDGHVVHSDSHOVRFLDO
FDXVDGD WDQWR SHOR ILP GRV UHODFLRQDPHQWRV VDtGD GRV ILOKRV GH FDVD RX PRUWH GH
IDPLOLDUHVSRGHFRQWULEXLUSDUDDDSUR[LPDomRGDVXEVWkQFLDHPGDGRPRPHQWRGDYLGD
DGXOWDMiTXHXPGRVHOHPHQWRVFRQVWLWXWLYRVGDLGHQWLGDGHGDPXOKHUHVWiUHVWULWRDR
HVSDoRSULYDGRGHUHSURGXomRGDYLGDFRWLGLDQD
,VVRpDSRQWDGRSRU3HUHLUD'DQWDV  ³0XLWDVPXOKHUHVFDVDGDVFRPHoDP
DEHEHUQDPHLDLGDGHTXDQGRRVHXSDSHOGHPmHHHVSRVDpGHVDILDGRSHODSDUWLGDGH
VHXVILOKRV´ ibidS 2VHOHPHQWRVUHODFLRQDGRVDRiOFRROQRXQLYHUVRIHPLQLQR
IRUDPHVmRDSRQWDGRVHPGLIHUHQWHVHVWXGRV
2 , /HYDQWDPHQWR 1DFLRQDO VREUH RV 3DGU}HV GH &RQVXPR GH ÈOFRRO QD
3RSXODomR %UDVLOHLUD FLWD R HVWXGR UHDOL]DGR HP  SHOR %DQFR 0XQGLDO TXH
DSUHVHQWDDVLPSRUWDQWHVGLIHUHQoDVHQWUHKRPHQVHPXOKHUHVQRTXHWDQJHDRFRQVXPR
GHiOFRROHPHVSHFLDO³FRPRKRPHQVWHQGHPDEHEHUPDLVHDWHUPDLRUHVSUHMXt]RVHP
UHODomRDRiOFRROHQTXDQWRDVPXOKHUHVVRIUHPPDLVFRPDYLROrQFLDUHODFLRQDGDDRVHX
FRQVXPR´ %5$6,/S 
2 , /HYDQWDPHQWR WUD] DLQGD D QHFHVVLGDGH GH LPSOHPHQWDU SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV
FRP R REMHWLYR GH GLPLQXLU R FXVWR VRFLDO GR XVR DEXVLYR GH iOFRRO H SULQFLSDOPHQWH
FRQVLGHUDUDVGLIHUHQoDVHQWUHRVJrQHURVFRPRHOHPHQWRIXQGDPHQWDODRGHILQLUHVVDV
SROtWLFDV
3DUD FRPSUHHQGHU RV LPSDFWRV GR XVR DEXVLYR HQWUH DV PXOKHUHV p LPSRUWDQWH
WDPEpP SHQVDU QD FDWHJRULD GH JrQHUR FRPR XPD GDV OHQWHV D VHUHP XWLOL]DGDV QD
EXVFDSHORHQWHQGLPHQWRHLPSOHPHQWDomRGRDWHQGLPHQWRLQWHJUDODHVVHS~EOLFR

*Ç1(52 &$7(*25,$ $1$/Ë7,&$ $ 6(5 87,/,=$'$ (0 35È7,&$6


'(02&5È7,&$6'(6$Ò'(

1DV~OWLPDVGpFDGDVGLIHUHQWHVVHWRUHVRUJDQL]DGRVGDVRFLHGDGHYrPLQFOXLQGR
D FRQGLomR GD PXOKHU QD VRFLHGDGH HP VXDV SDXWDV GH GLVFXVVmR 2 PRYLPHQWR
IHPLQLVWD H R PRYLPHQWR GH PXOKHUHV LQWHJUDP HVVHV VHWRUHV TXH GHVGH D GpFDGD GH
GmRYLVLELOLGDGHjVTXHVW}HVUHODFLRQDGDVjYLGDGDPXOKHU
6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661


$PRELOL]DomRVRFLDOGRVPRYLPHQWRVTXHDWXDPFRPDSUREOHPiWLFDIRPHQWRX
DGLVFXVVmRHDGDFDWHJRULDGHDQiOLVHTXHSHUPLWHFRPSUHHQGHUFULWLFDPHQWHDVLWXDomR
GDPXOKHUQDVRFLHGDGHHFRQWULEXLSDUDDHPHUJrQFLDGDFDWHJRULDDQDOtWLFDJrQHUR
*rQHUR p XPD JUDPiWLFD VH[XDO TXH HVWDEHOHFH UHJUDV VRFLDLV SDUD KRPHQV H
PXOKHUHV 6LUTXHLUD   FLWD $PDUDO TXH GHVWDFD HP VHX HVWXGR D H[LVWrQFLD GDV
UHJUDV VRFLDLV HP WRGDV DV VRFLHGDGHV GH TXH VH WHP QRWtFLD FRQILJXUDQGRVH DVVLP
FRPRIDWRKLVWyULFR$FDWHJRULDGHDQiOLVHJrQHURDSUHVHQWDHOHPHQWRVTXHSHUPLWHP
FRPSUHHQGHU DV UHODo}HV VRFLDLV HQWUH KRPHQV H PXOKHUHV RX VHMD DV UHODo}HV GH
JrQHUR
(VVDV UHODo}HV VmR UHJLGDV SHOD JUDPiWLFD VH[XDO TXH HVWDEHOHFH RV
FRPSRUWDPHQWRVVRFLDOPHQWHSHUPLWLGRVHQmRSHUPLWLGRVSDUDKRPHQVHPXOKHUHV3DUD
6DIILRWL  
1RSODQRGDVUHSUHVHQWDo}HVH[LVWHDVVLPXPDYHUGDGHLUDJUDPiWLFD
VH[XDO LQGLFDQGR DV FRQGXWDV DFHLWDV SDUD KRPHQV H RV
FRPSRUWDPHQWRV DGPLWLGRV SDUD PXOKHUHV >@ 2 JrQHUR SDUWLFLSD
SRUWDQWRGRSURFHVVRGHFRQVWUXomRGRVXMHLWRGDPHVPDIRUPDTXHD
UDoDHWQLDHDFODVVHVRFLDO ibidS 

$VVRFLHGDGHVHVWUXWXUDPUHJUDVFRPSRUWDPHQWDLVTXHVmRLPSXWDGDVDKRPHQVH
PXOKHUHVHPVHXVSURFHVVRVGHVRFLDOL]DomR2VSDSpLVVRFLDLVTXHVmRFRORFDGRVDRV
LQGLYtGXRVGHDPERVRVJrQHURVSRGHPVHUFRQWHVWDGRVSHORVLQGLYtGXRVFRPRWDPEpP
LQWHUQDOL]DGDVSRUHOHVVHPFUtWLFD
1R JHUDO HVVHV PROGHV GH VRFLDOL]DomR WrP REWLGR VXFHVVR SRLV RV LQGLYtGXRV
LQWURMHWDPDVQRUPDVLPSRVWDVLPSOtFLWDVRXH[SOtFLWDVQDVUHODo}HVGHJrQHUR³1HVVH
DVSHFWRpLPSRUWDQWHGHVWDFDUTXHRVPHFDQLVPRVVRFLDLVVREUHWXGRQRFDSLWDOLVPRVmR
VXWLVHWUDQVIRUPDPHPQDWXUDLVFRQVWUXo}HVVRFLDLV´ 6,548(,5$S 
&RQVLGHUDQGR DV UHODo}HV GH JrQHUR FRPR XP SURFHVVR VRFLDO H KLVWyULFR TXH
WrPQDVRFLHGDGHLQVWUXPHQWRVGLIXVRVSDUD³PDTXLDU´DUHDOLGDGHVRFLDOXPDDQiOLVH
FUtWLFD TXH ODQFH PmR GH XPD EDJDJHP WHyULFD VyOLGD p GH VXPD LPSRUWkQFLD FRPR
IRUPD GH FRPSUHHQGHU H URPSHU FRP DV GHVLJXDOGDGHV GH JrQHUR 'H DFRUGR FRP
6LUTXHLUDFLWDQGR$PDUDO

2&RQVHOKR(VWDGXDOGD&RQGLomR)HPLQLQDGR(VWDGRGH6mR3DXOR±8P(VWXGR$FHUFDGDV%DVHV

+LVWyULFDVGDVXD&RQVWUXomR/LPLWHVH&RQWUDGLo}HV
'LIHUHQoDRX,QGLIHUHQoD*rQHUR5DoD(WQLD&ODVVH6RFLDOWH[WRFRQWLGRQR&DGHUQRQ3ROtWLFDV

3~EOLFDVH,JXDOGDGHGH*rQHUR
6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661


$LQWHUQDOL]DomRRFRUUHSRLVDLGHRORJLDGRPLQDQWHLPS}HQDPDLRULD
GDV VLWXDo}HV R SHQVDPHQWR GRPLQDQWH TXH p R PDVFXOLQR $V
PXOKHUHV H RV KRPHQV UHSURGX]HP PXLWDV YH]HV VHP SHUFHEHU H
LQFRUSRUDP R SDSHO WUDGLFLRQDO D HOHV DWULEXtGR VRFLDOPHQWH 'HVWD
IRUPDVHGiDFRQVWUXomRVyFLRKLVWyULFDGDVILJXUDVUHODFLRQDGDVWDQWR
DR IHPLQLQR TXDQWR DR PDVFXOLQR $0$5$/ apud 6,548(,5$
S 

.DUO0DU[HPVHXDUWLJR6REUHR6XLFtGLR  DSUHVHQWDXPGRVSULPHLURV


HVFULWRVVREUHDFRQGLomRGDPXOKHUQDVRFLHGDGHFDSLWDOLVWDEXUJXHVD(OHVHOHFLRQRXH
DQDOLVRX WUDEDOKRV GR DXWRU -DFTXHV 3HXFKHW VREUH DVSHFWRV GD YLGD SULYDGD GD
VRFLHGDGHIUDQFHVDSULQFLSDOPHQWHRVXLFtGLR
1R DUWLJR 0DU[ DSUHVHQWD R FRQWUDSRQWR HQWUH R UHVXOWDGR GH XPD GDV
H[SUHVV}HV GD 4XHVWmR 6RFLDO R VXLFtGLR WHQGR FRPR UHFRUWH D RSUHVVmR FRQWUD DV
PXOKHUHVGDVRFLHGDGHPRGHUQD$QDOLVDTXDWUR FDVRV GRV TXDLVWUrV VmR GH PXOKHUHV
YtWLPDVGRSDWULDUFDGR3DUD3HXFKHW0DU[VmRYtWLPDVGD³WLUDQLDIDPLOLDU´
e LPSRUWDQWH ORFDOL]DU D IDPtOLD QR FHQiULR VRFLDO FRPR XPD GDV LQVWLWXLo}HV
IRUPDGRUDV H WDPEpP LQIOXHQFLDGDV SHORV PHFDQLVPRV GH GRPLQDomR GD VRFLHGDGH
SDWULDUFDOHEXUJXHVD1HVVHVHQWLGRGHVHPSHQKDXPGRVSULQFLSDLVSDSpLVDIRUPDomR
GRV LQGLYtGXRV GH IXQGDPHQWDO LPSRUWkQFLD DWp RV GLDV DWXDLV Mi TXH D IDPtOLD p R
SULPHLURHVSDoRGHVRFLDOL]DomRGRVVXMHLWRV
1RVWUrVFDVRVDQDOLVDGRVSRU3HXFKHW0DU[GRLVVmRGHPXOKHUHV³EXUJXHVDV´
HRWHUFHLURGHRULJHPSUROHWiULDILOKDGHXPDOIDLDWH2HOHPHQWRFRPXPTXHXQHRV
WUrVFDVRVpDTXHVWmRGHJrQHUR
2SULPHLURFDVRDSUHVHQWDXPDMRYHPTXHDRVHUPDQWLGDHPFiUFHUHSRUVHXV
SDLVXWLOL]DRVXLFtGLRFRPRXPDWRGHURPSLPHQWRGDVLWXDomRYLYHQFLDGD
6RE HVVH DVSHFWR DLQGD VH SUHVHQFLDP VLWXDo}HV FRPR HVVDV YLYHQFLDGDV SRU
LQ~PHUDV PXOKHUHV HP GLIHUHQWHV VRFLHGDGHV TXH HQWHQGHP R JrQHUR IHPLQLQR FRPR
SURSULHGDGH QHVVH FDVR R ³SURSULHWiULR´ QD PDLRULD GDV YH]HV p R LQGLYtGXR
PDVFXOLQR2VHJXQGRFDVRpGHXPDPXOKHUTXHWDPEpPIRLPDQWLGDHPFiUFHUHGHVWD
YH]SRUVHXPDULGR1RYDPHQWHREVHUYDVHRSRGHUGRPDVFXOLQRVRERIHPLQLQR
1HVVH VHQWLGR R IRUWDOHFLPHQWR GDV VRFLHGDGHV SDWULDUFDLV LQFHQWLYD WDPEpP R
DYDQoRGRSRGHUPDVFXOLQR3RGHVHH[HPSOLILFDUDTXHVWmRSRUPHLRGRPHGRFRQWUROH

0DU[SXEOLFRXRDUWLJR6REUHR6XLFtGLRHPQRH[tOLRHP%UX[HODV
-DFTXHV3HXFKHW  HUDXPH[DUTXLYLVWDSROLFLDO2VDOWRVQ~PHURVGHVXLFtGLRVGDpSRFDR

OHYDUDPDWUDoDUXPDEUHYHHGHWDOKDGDDQiOLVHGDVUHODo}HVHGRVFRPSRUWDPHQWRVKXPDQRVGDVRFLHGDGH
GDTXHOHPRPHQWR
6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661


HGDVGLIHUHQWHVH[SUHVV}HVGHYLROrQFLDTXHYLWLPDPDVPXOKHUHV2WHUFHLURH~OWLPR
FDVR DSUHVHQWDGR SHORV DXWRUHV p D KLVWyULD GH XPD MRYHP TXH GHVHMD LQWHUURPSHU D
JUDYLGH]PDVRFRQIOLWRFRPDVUHJUDVVRFLDOPHQWHLPSRVWDVSHODVRFLHGDGHGDpSRFDD
LPSHGH GH H[HUFHU R GLUHLWR VREUH R SUySULR FRUSR R TXH D LQFHQWLYD D FRPHWHU R
VXLFtGLR
$ WHPiWLFD GR ~OWLPR FDVR R GLUHLWR DR DERUWR WRUQDVH PDLV WDUGH XPD GDV
SULQFLSDLV EDQGHLUDV GR 0RYLPHQWR )HPLQLVWD QD GLVFXVVmR SHORV GLUHLWRV VH[XDLV H
UHSURGXWLYRV GDV PXOKHUHV SDXWD HVVD TXH DLQGD HQIUHQWD JUDQGH UHVLVWrQFLD QRV GLDV
DWXDLVGRVVHWRUHVRUJDQL]DGRVGDVRFLHGDGH
1HVVH VHQWLGR RV FDVRV GH VXLFtGLR WrP DVSHFWRV VRFLDLV VHPHOKDQWHV TXH p D
RSUHVVmRGDVRFLHGDGHSDWULDUFDOEXUJXHVDVREUHDPXOKHU1RVGLDVDWXDLVHVVDRSUHVVmR
p H[HPSOLILFDGD SRU PHLR GD GHVLJXDOGDGH VDODULDO HQWUH KRPHQV H PXOKHUHV TXH VH
SHUSHWXD 3HVTXLVDV DSRQWDP TXH PHVPR FRP PHOKRUHV TXDOLILFDo}HV DV PXOKHUHV
SHUPDQHFHP UHFHEHQGR PHQRUHV VDOiULRV (VVH p XP GRV H[HPSORV PDV p SRVVtYHO
DFUHVFHQWDUDHVVDOLVWDRXWUDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLV
(P FRQVHTXrQFLD GHVVDV TXHVW}HV RV UHEDWLPHQWRV GHVVDV GHVLJXDOGDGHV
PDQLIHVWDPVH QD iUHD GD VD~GH HP TXH RV GHVGREUDPHQWRV GDV TXHVW}HV GH JrQHUR
DSUHVHQWDPVHjVYH]HVGHIRUPDYLVtYHORXWUDVGHPDQHLUD³GLVIDUoDGD´
$FDWHJRULDWHyULFDGHJrQHURSDUDVHUFRQVLGHUDGDQHFHVViULDQDDERUGDJHPHP
VD~GHSUHFLVDWDPEpPVHUFRPSUHHQGLGDSDUDDOpPGRSURFHVVRGHDGRHFLPHQWR
1HVVH DVSHFWR D FRQFHSomR GH VD~GH WUDEDOKDGD QHVVH HVWXGR SHUSDVVD SHOR
HQWHQGLPHQWR DPSOLDGR GR WHPD $SURIXQGDQGR HVVD YLVmR .UXJHU  S  
DSRLDVHHP$URXFD  SDUDFLWDU
6D~GH QmR p VLPSOHVPHQWH QmR HVWDU GRHQWH p PDLV p XP EHPHVWDU
VRFLDOpRGLUHLWRDRWUDEDOKRDXPVDOiULRFRQGLJQRpRGLUHLWRDWHU
iJXDjYHVWLPHQWDjHGXFDomRHDWpDLQIRUPDomRVREUHFRPRVHSRGH
GRPLQDU R PXQGR H WUDQVIRUPiOR e WHU GLUHLWR D XP PHLR DPELHQWH
TXHQmRVHMD DJUHVVLYR PDVTXHSHORFRQWUiULRSHUPLWDD H[LVWrQFLD
GH XPD YLGD GLJQD H GHFHQWH D XP VLVWHPD SROtWLFR TXH UHVSHLWH D
OLYUH RSLQLmR D OLYUH SRVVLELOLGDGH GH RUJDQL]DomR H GH
DXWRGHWHUPLQDomRGHXPSRYReQmRHVWDUWRGRWHPSRVXEPHWLGRDR
PHGR GD YLROrQFLD WDQWR GDTXHOD YLROrQFLD GH XP JRYHUQR FRQWUD R
VHX SUySULR SRYR SDUD TXH VHMDP PDQWLGRV RV LQWHUHVVHV TXH QmR
VHMDPRVGRSRYR $528&$S 

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




1HVVH VHQWLGR DV GHWHUPLQDo}HV VRFLDLV GR ELQ{PLR VD~GHGRHQoD GL]HP


UHVSHLWRjVFRQGLo}HVFROHWLYDVGHH[LVWrQFLDTXHSRUVXDYH]GHYHPVHUFRQVLGHUDGDVQD
DERUGDJHPHPVD~GHHQRFDVRQRDWHQGLPHQWRGHPXOKHUHVTXHID]HPXVRDEXVLYRGR
iOFRRO $VVLP VD~GH p UHFRQKHFLGD FRPR UHVXOWDQWH GDV FRQGLo}HV GH YLGD GRV
LQGLYtGXRV FRQGLo}HV HVVDV TXH HVWmR DWUHODGDV jV TXHVW}HV HFRQ{PLFDV FXOWXUDLV
SROtWLFDVHVRFLDLV
2 FDUiWHU VRFLDO GD GRHQoD VHJXQGR /DXUHOO   QmR p REVHUYDGR SHOR FDVR
FOtQLFRPDVVLPSHODPDQHLUDFRPRRLQGLYtGXRDGRHFHHPRUUHQRVJUXSRVKXPDQRV
$DXWRUDH[HPSOLILFDDTXHVWmRFRPDKLVWRULFLGDGHGDWXEHUFXORVH

>@ $LQGD TXH SURYDYHOPHQWH D KLVWyULD QDWXUDO GD WXEHUFXORVH SRU


H[HPSOR VHMD GLIHUHQWH KRMH GR TXH HUD Ki FHP DQRV QmR p QRV
HVWXGRVGRVWXEHUFXORVRVTXHYDPRVDSUHHQGHUPHOKRURFDUiWHUVRFLDO
GD GRHQoD SRUpP QRV SHUILV SDWROyJLFRV TXH RV JUXSRV VRFLDLV
DSUHVHQWDP ibidS 

'HVWD PDQHLUD HQWHQGHVH TXH D DSUHHQVmR GR SURFHVVR KLVWyULFR GDV


GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLDLV QR SURFHVVR VD~GHGRHQoD GRV LQGLYtGXRV SRGH DX[LOLDU QR
DWHQGLPHQWRSDXWDGRHPXPDYLVmRLQWHJUDOGHVD~GH
4XDQGR VmR GLVFXWLGDV DV GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLDLV QD iUHD GD VD~GH IDODVH GH
DVSHFWRVVRFLDLVTXHGHDOJXPDPDQHLUDFRORFDPRVLQGLYtGXRVRXGHWHUPLQDGRVJUXSRV
VRFLDLVHPGHVYDQWDJHPHPUHODomRDRVGHPDLV'HDFRUGRFRP6LUTXHLUD S 
TXHFLWD$PDUDO  
$ LQWHUVHFomR GD FDWHJRULD UDoDFRU FRPR RXWUDV WDLV FRPR JrQHUR H
FODVVHVVRFLDLVHYLGHQFLDPIRUWHVFRQWUDVWHVQDVYLYrQFLDVGHKRPHQV
H PXOKHUHV EUDQFRV H QHJURV ULFRV H SREUHV QD VRFLHGDGH EUDVLOHLUD
(VVHVFRQWUDVWHVLQFLGHPWUDQVYHUVDOPHQWHQDVHVIHUDVGDYLGDVRFLDO
UHIOHWLQGRVH QR DFHVVR j HGXFDomR VD~GH TXDOLGDGH GH YLGD
VDQHDPHQWR EiVLFR iJXD HQFDQDGD HVJRWR WUDWDGR  LQVHUomR QR
PHUFDGR GH WUDEDOKR DFHVVR j LQIRUPDomR MXVWLoD H FLGDGDQLD
$0$5$/apud6,548(,5$S 

$V GHVLJXDOGDGHV WDPEpP SRGHP VHU HQWHQGLGDV FRPR GHVGREUDPHQWRV GDV


H[SUHVV}HV GD 4XHVWmR 6RFLDO TXH VH UHIOHWHP QD VD~GH DVVLP FRPR HP iUHDV
HVWUDWpJLFDVSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRSOHQRGRVLQGLYtGXRV

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




'(6,*8$/'$'(6 62&,$,6 (0 6$Ò'( '(6'2%5$0(1726 '$


48(67­262&,$/

2VSULQFLSDLVUHJLVWURVVREUHDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLVHPVD~GHGDWDPGRVpFXOR
;,; $VFRQGLo}HVVRFLDLVHSROtWLFDVRULXQGDVGRVXUJLPHQWRGRFDSLWDOLVPRQDIDVHGD
SURGXomR LQGXVWULDO SURSLFLDUDP R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GR WHPD WDQWR SHODV FRQGLo}HV GH
YLGDLPSRVWDVjFODVVHWUDEDOKDGRUDTXDQWRSHODVUHYROXo}HVEXUJXHVDVLPSXOVLRQDGDV
SHORLGHiULRSROtWLFRGDpSRFD
$VGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLVHPVD~GHVmRREVHUYDGDVHPJUXSRVSRSXODFLRQDLVTXH
WrPHPFRPXPDVGLILFXOGDGHVGHDFHVVRDRVEHQVHVHUYLoRVHVVHQFLDLVPDQLIHVWDGDV
HP iUHDV HVWUDWpJLFDV SDUD D IRUPDomR GH LQGLYtGXRV VDXGiYHLV FRPR HGXFDomR
WUDEDOKRFRQGLo}HVGHPRUDGLDDFHVVRjULTXH]DVRFLDOPHQWHSURGX]LGDSHODQDomRHWF
$VGLIHUHQoDVVRFLDLVWrPFRPR³ILRFRQGXWRU´DGLILFXOGDGHGHDFHVVRjULTXH]D
VRFLDOPHQWH SURGX]LGD TXH DR PHVPR WHPSR HVWi YLQFXODGD GLUHWDPHQWH j 4XHVWmR
6RFLDO H DV VXDV GLIHUHQWHV H[SUHVV}HV $ JrQHVH GD 4XHVWmR 6RFLDO HVWi FDOFDGD QD
FRQWUDGLomR HQWUH DV FODVVHV H D DSURSULDomR SULYDGD GR WUDEDOKR DVVLP FRPR VHXV
IUXWRV6REUHRWHPD,DPDPRWR  GHVWDFD
4XHVWmR 6RFLDO DSUHHQGLGD FRPR XP FRQMXQWR GDV H[SUHVV}HV GDV
GHVLJXDOGDGHV GD VRFLHGDGH FDSLWDOLVWD PDGXUD TXH WHP XPD UDL]
FRPXPDSURGXomRVRFLDOpFDGDYH]PDLVFROHWLYDRWUDEDOKRWRUQD
VH PDLV DPSODPHQWH VRFLDO HQTXDQWR D DSURSULDomR GRV VHXV IUXWRV
PDQWpPVHSULYDGDPRQRSROL]DGDSRUXPDSDUWHGDVRFLHGDGH ibid
S  

6REHVVDSHUVSHFWLYDFRPSUHHQGHUFRPRD4XHVWmR6RFLDOLQWHUYpPQDYLGDGRV
VXMHLWRV VRFLDLV p WDPEpP GHFLIUDU DV GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLDLV D SDUWLU GR ROKDU VREUH DV
GLIHUHQoDVGHFODVVHFRPUHFRUWHVGHJrQHURUDoDHWQLDUHOLJLmRHWF,DPDPRWR 
S  DSRQWDDLQGDTXH
$VGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLVVHPSUHH[LVWLUDPHH[LVWLUmRRTXHVHSRGH
ID]HU p PLQLPL]DU DV PDQLIHVWDo}HV H[WUHPDV GD SDXSHUL]DomR SRU
PHLRGHXPDPHOKRUGLVWULEXLomRGRVSURGXWRVGRWUDEDOKRGHVGHTXH
PDQWLGDLQWRFDGDDGLVWULEXLomRGRVPHLRVGHSURGX]LUHSRUWDQWRDV
EDVHVVRFLDLVHPTXHVHHULJHDVRFLHGDGHGHFODVVHV ibidS 

(QWHQGHVHTXHRVLPSDFWRVGDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLVQRVLQGLYtGXRVSRGHPVHU
PLQLPL]DGRV SRU PHLR GD GLYLVmR LJXDOLWiULD GDV ULTXH]DV VRFLDOPHQWH SURGX]LGDV

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




5LTXH]DV HVVDV TXH VmR XVXIUXtGDV SHOD SRSXODomR SRU PHLR GRV EHQV H VHUYLoRV
RIHUHFLGRVSHODVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVUHDOL]DGDVSHOR(VWDGR
1R %UDVLO D &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO &)  GH  LQWURGX]LX DYDQoRV FRP R
REMHWLYRGHFRUULJLULQMXVWLoDVVRFLDLVFRPUDt]HVKLVWyULFDV2DUWLJRGD&)DSRQWD
$ VD~GH p GLUHLWR GH WRGRV H GHYHU GR (VWDGR JDUDQWLQGR PHGLDQWH
SROtWLFDV VRFLDLV H HFRQ{PLFDV TXH YLVHP j UHGXomR GR ULVFR GH
GRHQoDV H GH RXWURV DJUDYRV H DR DFHVVR XQLYHUVDO H LJXDOLWiULR jV
Do}HV H VHUYLoRV SDUD D VXD SURPRomR SURWHomR H UHFXSHUDomR
%5$6,/&)DUW 

$ &) JDUDQWLX R GLUHLWR XQLYHUVDO j VD~GH FDEHQGR DR (VWDGR R SDSHO GH
UHVSRQViYHOSRUYLDELOL]iODSRUPHLRGHSROtWLFDHVSHFtILFDTXHPDLVWDUGHVHHIHWLYRX
FRP R 6LVWHPD ÒQLFR GH 6D~GH 686  PDWHULDOL]DQGR DV Do}HV H RV VHUYLoRV TXH
SDVVDUDP D VHU FRQVLGHUDGRV GH UHOHYkQFLD S~EOLFD EXVFDQGR DVVLP DWXDU QRV
GHWHUPLQDQWHVHFRQGLFLRQDQWHVGHVD~GH
(VVHV DVSHFWRV WDPEpP HVWmR SUHFRQL]DGRV QD /HL  TXH DSRQWD QR
DUWLJRR
$ VD~GH WHP FRPR IDWRUHV GHWHUPLQDQWHV H FRQGLFLRQDQWHV HQWUH
RXWURV D DOLPHQWDomR D PRUDGLD R VDQHDPHQWR EiVLFR R PHLR
DPELHQWH R WUDEDOKR D UHQGD D HGXFDomR R WUDQVSRUWH R OD]HU H R
DFHVVRDRVEHQVHVHUYLoRVHVVHQFLDLVRVQtYHLVGHVD~GHGDSRSXODomR
H[SUHVVDPDRUJDQL]DomRVRFLDOHSROtWLFDGR3DtV

'LVFXWLU FRQGLFLRQDQWHV H GHWHUPLQDQWHV TXH LQFLGHP VREUH D VD~GH OHYD DR


PHVPR WHPSR D HQWHQGHU FRPR DV FRQGLo}HV GH PRUDGLD WUDEDOKR UHQGD HGXFDomR
HQWUH RXWURV IDWRUHV SRGHP LQIOXHQFLDU QDV FRQGLo}HV GH QDVFHU YLYHU H PRUUHU GRV
LQGLYtGXRV (P UHODomR D HVVH DVSHFWR ,DPDPRWR   FLWD D GLVFXVVmR GH 0DU[ H
(QJHOV FRQWLGD QR OLYUR Ideologia Alemã ³>@ SDUD YLYHU p SUHFLVR FRPHU EHEHU WHU
KDELWDomR YHVWLUVH H DOJXPDV FRLVDV PDLV 2 SULPHLUR DWR KLVWyULFR p SRUWDQWR D
SURGXomR GH PHLRV TXH SHUPLWDP D VDWLVIDomR GHVVDV QHFHVVLGDGHV D SURGXomR GD
SUySULDYLGDPDWHULDO´ 0$5;(1*(/6apud,$0$0272S 
1R FDVR GR DWHQGLPHQWR GH VD~GH GDV PXOKHUHV p LPSRUWDQWH FRQVLGHUDU QD
DERUGDJHP WpFQLFD QmR Vy DVSHFWRV UHODFLRQDGRV j GRHQoD PDV WDPEpP HOHPHQWRV
TXH FRQWULEXtUDP H FRQWULEXHP SDUD R SURFHVVR GH DGRHFLPHQWR H SLRUD QD
FRQGLomR GH VD~GHGHVVHS~EOLFR
&RQVLGHUDU R DVSHFWR JrQHUR FRPR XPD GDV H[SUHVV}HV GD 4XHVWmR 6RFLDO QR
SURFHVVRGHDGRHFLPHQWRHWDPEpPQDDERUGDJHPWpFQLFRSURILVVLRQDOpFRQWULEXLUSDUD

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




FRQVWUXLUXPDDERUGDJHPLQWHJUDOGDSUiWLFDHPVD~GH4XHVW}HVREMHWLYDVHVXEMHWLYDV
GH YLGD SRGHP GHWHUPLQDU QmR Vy R HVSDoR GD PXOKHU QD VRFLHGDGH PDV WDPEpP VXD
DSUR[LPDomRGHVXEVWkQFLDVQRFLYDVjVD~GHFRPRpRFDVRGRiOFRRO

$ 48(67­2 '( *Ç1(52 &202 &$7(*25,$ 75$169(56$/ 1$


35202d­2'$,17(*5$/,'$'('$6$Ò'(

26HUYLoR6RFLDOQRFDPSRGDVD~GHWHPVHXVSUySULRVHWUDGLFLRQDLVHVSDoRVGH
DWXDomR&RPDHVWUXWXUDomRGR686IRUDPDPSOLDGDVVXDVDERUGDJHQVFRPHQIRTXHV
PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDUHVHLQWHUVHWRULDLVDVVLPFRPRDVDo}HVHPiUHDVHVWUDWpJLFDVGHJHVWmR
SODQHMDPHQWRGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVHWDPEpPQRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHSHVTXLVDV
2VSULQFtSLRVGR686RVIXQGDPHQWRVGD5HIRUPD6DQLWiULDHR3URMHWReWLFR
3ROtWLFR GD SURILVVmR WrP VHPHOKDQoDV TXH SHUSDVVDP QmR Vy SHOR PRPHQWR KLVWyULFR
HP TXH IRUDP SHQVDGRV FRPR WDPEpP SHOR PRGHOR VRFLHWiULR GHPRFUiWLFR TXH
DOPHMDYDP6REUHLVVR.UXJHU  DSRQWDTXH

2PRYLPHQWRGHUHQRYDomRGR6HUYLoR6RFLDODFRQWHFHXHPSDUDOHOR
DR GD VD~GH FROHWLYD FRP R 0RYLPHQWR GD 5HIRUPD 6DQLWiULD
LQFOXVLYH FRLQFLGLQGR HP DOJXPDV FDWHJRULDV WHyULFDV R GHEDWH
(VWDGR GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV SUiWLFD LQVWLWXFLRQDO H SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV 'H
RXWURPRGRHVWDUHQRYDomRWDQWRQR6HUYLoR6RFLDOTXDQWRQD6D~GH
DFRQWHFHUDP HP PHLR DR PRYLPHQWR GH UHGHPRFUDWL]DomR GD
VRFLHGDGH EUDVLOHLUD H GH UHQRYDomR GDV SUySULDV &LrQFLDV 6RFLDLV
SRUWDQWR QmR VH FDUDFWHUL]DQGR FRPR PRYLPHQWRV LVRODGRV ibid S
 

$ DXWRUD PHQFLRQD D FRQYHUJrQFLD HQWUH RV WUrV SURMHWRV SROtWLFRV 1R FDVR GR
6HUYLoR 6RFLDO D FRQYHUJrQFLD QmR IRL LQWHQFLRQDO GHYLGR DR SURFHVVR GH UHYLVmR
LQWHUQD TXH D FDWHJRULD UHDOL]DYD QDTXHOH PRPHQWR KLVWyULFR 1R TXH WDQJH jV EDVHV
WHyULFDV p LPSRUWDQWH GHVWDFDU TXH PHVPR QmR KDYHQGR QH[R GLUHWR FRP RV RXWURV
GHEDWHV VRFLDLV H SROtWLFRV UHDOL]DGRV QR FDPSR GD VD~GH R 6HUYLoR 6RFLDO QmR HVWDYD
HPGHVFRPSDVVRFRPDVTXHVW}HVFRORFDGDVSHODUHDOLGDGHVRFLDOHSROtWLFDGDpSRFD
3DUD HQWHQGHU DV Do}HV GR 6HUYLoR 6RFLDO QR FDPSR GD VD~GH p LPSRUWDQWH
WDPEpPORFDOL]DURFHQiULRSROtWLFRQRTXDODSURILVVmRHVWiLQVHULGD2VDQRVVHJXLQWHV
IRUDPPDUFDGRVSHODLPSODQWDomRHFUHVFLPHQWRGRSURMHWRQHROLEHUDOQR(VWDGRSURMHWR

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




HVVH TXH FRQIURQWD GLUHWDPHQWH FRP R SURMHWR pWLFRSROtWLFR GD SURILVVmR GD 5HIRUPD
6DQLWiULDHGR686
2GLiORJRHQWUHRVGRLVSURMHWRVQmRVHGHXVRPHQWHQRWHPSRKLVWyULFRHPTXH
IRUDP SHQVDGRV PDV WDPEpP QRV UHIHUHQFLDLV pWLFRV H WHyULFRV SDXWDGRV SDUD D VXD
FRQVWUXomR 6RE HVVH DVSHFWR Os Parâmetros para Atuação de Assistentes Sociais na
Política de Saúde  DSRQWDPTXH³KiXPDUHODomRHQWUHRSURMHWRpWLFRSROtWLFRHR
GH UHIRUPD VDQLWiULD SULQFLSDOPHQWH QRV VHXV JUDQGHV HL[RV SULQFLSDLV DSRUWHV H
UHIHUrQFLDVWHyULFDVIRUPDomRSURILVVLRQDOHSULQFtSLRV´ &)(66S 
$R PHVPR WHPSR D 5HIRUPD 6DQLWiULD DSUHVHQWRX DR DVVLVWHQWH VRFLDO QRYDV
GHPDQGDVFRPR
ƒ 'HPRFUDWL]DomRGRDFHVVRjVXQLGDGHVHVHUYLoRVGHVD~GH
ƒ &RQVWUXomRGHHVWUDWpJLDVGHDSUR[LPDomRHDWXDomRGRVVHUYLoRV
HSURILVVLRQDLVGHVD~GHFRPDUHDOLGDGHVRFLDO
ƒ 7UDEDOKRLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU
ƒ 'HVHQYROYLPHQWRHIRFRQDVDERUGDJHQVHPJUXSR
ƒ $FHVVRGHPRFUiWLFRjVLQIRUPDo}HVHIRPHQWRGDSDUWLFLSDomR
SRSXODUQDSROtWLFDGHVD~GH

(VVDV QRYDV H[LJrQFLDV DFDUUHWDUDP QRYDV UHVSRVWDV H WDPEpP QRYRV


TXHVWLRQDPHQWRV GRV SURILVVLRQDLV WDQWR QR LQWHULRU GD FDWHJRULD TXDQWR QRV HVSDoRV
GHPRFUiWLFRVHPTXHRVDVVLVWHQWHVVRFLDLVHVWDYDPLQVHULGRV
$OJXPDVGHPDQGDVSHUPDQHFHPFRPRDVVLVWHQWHVRFLDODWpRVGLDVDWXDLVFRP
GHVWDTXH SDUD D VLPSOLILFDomR GD 3ROtWLFD GH 6D~GH H D GHPRFUDWL]DomR GR DFHVVR DRV
VHUYLoRVGDiUHD7DPEpPpSRVVtYHODFUHVFHQWDUDHVVDV³QRYDV´GHPDQGDVDUHIOH[mR
VREUHDFRQGLomRGDPXOKHUQDVRFLHGDGHH[SUHVVDPXLWDVYH]HVQDVDODGHDWHQGLPHQWR
VRFLDODWUDYpVGHGHPDQGDVDSDUHQWHV
2FRPSURPLVVRFRPXPDDWXDomRSURILVVLRQDOSDXWDGDQDHVFXWDHQDFRQVWUXomR
GR YtQFXOR XVXiULRHTXLSH DX[LOLD QD OHLWXUD FUtWLFD GDV PDQLIHVWDo}HV GDV GLIHUHQWHV
H[SUHVV}HVGD4XHVWmR6RFLDODSUHVHQWDGDVSHODSRSXODomRXVXiULDGDSROtWLFDGHVD~GH
(VVDV QHFHVVLGDGHV HP DOJXQV FDVRV DSUHVHQWDPVH ³WUDYHVWLGDV´ SRU RXWUDV
QHFHVVLGDGHVHPVD~GHRXGHPDQGDVHVSHFtILFDV
e FRPXP QR FRWLGLDQR SURILVVLRQDO GR DVVLVWHQWH VRFLDO R XVXiULR EXVFDU R
DWHQGLPHQWR VRFLDO FRP GHWHUPLQDGD VROLFLWDomR H DR ILQDO R SURILVVLRQDO WUDoDU XP
6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661


SODQR GH WUDEDOKR H LQWHUYHQomR TXH DEUDQJH DV GLIHUHQWHV GLPHQV}HV GD YLGD GR
LQGLYtGXRDWHQGLGR1HVVHVHQWLGR&HFtOLR  DSRQWDTXH
3RGHUtDPRVWUDEDOKDUFRPDLPDJHPGHTXHTXDQGRDOJXpPSURFXUD
XP VHUYLoR GH VD~GH HVWi WUD]HQGR XPD ³FHVWD GH QHFHVVLGDGHV GH
VD~GH´ TXH FDEHULD j HTXLSH WHU D VHQVLELOLGDGH H SUHSDUR SDUD
GHFRGLILFDUHVDEHUDWHQGHUGDPHOKRUIRUPDSRVVtYHO ibidS 

3DUD HVVH DXWRU R XVXiULR DR SURFXUDU R VHUYLoR GH VD~GH DSUHVHQWD DR
SURILVVLRQDO QmR Vy XPD QHFHVVLGDGH PDV P~OWLSODV H[SUHVVDV QD PDLRULD GDV YH]HV
HPVLWXDo}HVGHGHVHPSUHJRGLILFXOGDGHQRDFHVVRDRVUHFXUVRVHVHUYLoRVS~EOLFRVGH
VD~GHHGHRXWUDVSROtWLFDV
&RP EDVH QR DXWRU p SRVVtYHO UHIOHWLU VREUH R DWHQGLPHQWR jV PXOKHUHV
DGRHFLGDV SRU XVR H[FHVVLYR GH iOFRRO 1R DWHQGLPHQWR HP XP VHUYLoR GH VD~GH
HVSHFLDOL]DGR p LPSRUWDQWH TXH R SURILVVLRQDO UHVSRQViYHO SHOR DFRPSDQKDPHQWR GD
VLWXDomR FRQVLGHUH HP VXD DERUGDJHP TXHVW}HV FRPR RV LPSDFWRV GR XVR GD
VXEVWkQFLDQDVUHODo}HVIDPLOLDUHVGDTXHODXVXiULDTXDLVRVUHEDWLPHQWRVGDVOLPLWDo}HV
LPSRVWDV SHOR XVR H[FHVVLYR GR iOFRRO FRPR HVVD XVXiULD HQWHQGH R SURFHVVR GH
DGRHFLPHQWRGRSRQWRGHYLVWDIHPLQLQRHWF
&RP LVVR R SURILVVLRQDO FRQVLGHUD DV TXHVW}HV GH JrQHUR HP VXD DERUGDJHP
WpFQLFD DR PHVPR WHPSR HP TXH FRORFD SDUD D XVXiULD XP HVSDoR GH HVFXWD TXH YDL
DOpPGDTXHVWmRGDGRHQoD6REUHLVVR&HFtOLR  DSRQWDWDPEpP
(VWi WXGR DOL QD ³FHVWLQKD GH QHFHVVLGDGHV´ SUHFLVDQGR VHU GH
DOJXPD IRUPD HVFXWDQGR WUDGX]LGR SHOD HTXLSH $VVLP D
LQWHJUDOLGDGHGDDWHQomRQRHVSDoRVLQJXODUGHFDGDVHUYLoRGHVD~GH
SRGHULDVHUGHILQLGDFRPRRHVIRUoRGDHTXLSHGHVD~GHGHWUDGX]LUH
HQWHQGHU GD PHOKRU IRUPD SRVVtYHO WDLV QHFHVVLGDGHV VHPSUH
FRPSOH[DV PDV SULQFLSDOPHQWH WHQGR TXH VHU FDSWDGDV HP VXD
H[SUHVVmRLQGLYLGXDO ibidS 

3DUDRDXWRUDVQHFHVVLGDGHVGHVD~GHHVWmRSRVWDVPDVDRPHVPRWHPSRFDEH
DRV SURILVVLRQDLV H j HTXLSH XP HVIRUoR LQGLYLGXDO H FROHWLYR SDUD RIHUHFHU XP
DWHQGLPHQWRLQWHJUDO
2 HVIRUoR QmR GHYH VHU VRPHQWH GRV SURILVVLRQDLV H GD HTXLSH GRV VHUYLoRV GH
VD~GHPDVWDPEpPGR(VWDGRSRUPHLRGDSURPRomRGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVTXHYLVHPj
PHOKRULDGDVFRQGLo}HVGHYLGDGDSRSXODomR1HJOLJHQFLDUDUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHHRSDSHO
GR(VWDGRFRPRSULQFLSDOSURPRWRUGHDo}HVTXHYLVHPjPHOKRULDGDFRQGLomRGHYLGD

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




GRVLQGLYtGXRVpDRPHVPRWHPSRUHVSRQVDELOL]DURVSURILVVLRQDLVGDVD~GHHVRPHQWH
HOHVSRUTXHVW}HVTXHXOWUDSDVVDPVXDVFDSDFLGDGHV

5()/(;®(6 $&(5&$ '2 75$%$/+2 &20 08/+(5(6 48(


$'2(&(5$0325'(3(1'Ç1&,$'(È/&22/

$V H[SHULrQFLDV GR DVVLVWHQWH VRFLDO QR LQWHULRU GDV HTXLSHV PXOWLSURILVVLRQDLV
SDVVDUDP D DSUHVHQWDU QRYDV SRVVLELOLGDGHV GH DWXDomR SURILVVLRQDO 4XHVW}HV
KLVWRULFDPHQWHQHJOLJHQFLDGDVSRUDERUGDJHQVELRPpGLFDVHFXUDWLYDVSURSLFLDUDPSDUD
R DVVLVWHQWHVRFLDOQRYDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVSURILVVLRQDLV
'HQWUHHVVDVTXHVW}HVSRGHVHDSRQWDUDGHSHQGrQFLDGHiOFRROHDUHODomRGDV
PXOKHUHV FRP D WHPiWLFD GH JrQHUR 1R DWHQGLPHQWR D PXOKHUHV DGRHFLGDV SHOD
GHSHQGrQFLD GH iOFRRO REVHUYRXVH TXH DOJXPDV TXHVW}HV HUDP FRPXQV HP DOJXQV
FDVRV
ƒ 6mRYtWLPDVGHYLROrQFLDItVLFDHSVLFROyJLFD
ƒ )XJDGHVXDFLGDGHRXUHJLmRGHRULJHPFRPRDOWHUQDWLYDSDUDURPSHUR
FLFORGHYLROrQFLD
ƒ 6LWXDomRGHUXD
ƒ 7HQWDWLYD GH UHFRQVWUXomR GD YLGD H QD PDLRULD GRV FDVRV XPD GDV
DOWHUQDWLYDVHQFRQWUDGDVHVWDYDHPXPQRYRUHODFLRQDPHQWR
ƒ 0RGHOR LGHDOL]DGR H QDWXUDOL]DGR GH IDPtOLD H D EXVFD LQFHVVDQWH SHOD
FRQVWLWXLomR GH XP Q~FOHR IDPLOLDU FRP EDVH QR PRGHOR VRFLDOPHQWH
LPSRVWR
ƒ )UDJLOLGDGHQDFRQVWUXomRGRVYtQFXORVIDPLOLDUHV
ƒ &XOSDELOL]DomRSHODIUDJLOLGDGHGRVYtQFXORVIDPLOLDUHV
ƒ 1D PDLRULD GRV FDVRV D YHUEDOL]DomR GR XVR GR iOFRRO FRPR IRUPD GH
VXSRUWHSDUDDVLWXDomRYLYLGD

$ UHVSHLWR GDV YLROrQFLDV ItVLFD H SVLFROyJLFD DV PXOKHUHV DWHQGLGDV VH


LGHQWLILFDP FRPR YtWLPDV GD YLROrQFLD ItVLFD PDV QHP VHPSUH GD SVLFROyJLFD 1D
PDLRULDGRVFDVRVDWHQGLGRVRVDOJR]HVVmRRVFRPSDQKHLURV
9iULDV PXOKHUHV HQFRQWUDUDP FRPR IRUPD GH URPSHU R FLFOR GH YLROrQFLD D
IXJDGHVXDFLGDGHRXHVWDGRGHRULJHP(OHPHQWRPDUFDQWHQDVWHQWDWLYDVGHFRQVWUXomR

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




GHQRYDVKLVWyULDVGHYLGDeRPRGHORLGHDOL]DGRGHIDPtOLDHDEXVFDSHOD
FRQVWLWXLomRGHXPQ~FOHRIDPLOLDUFRPEDVHQRVPROGHVVRFLDOPHQWHFRQVWUXtGRV
$ LGHDOL]DomR GR PRGHOR ³SHUIHLWR´ GH IDPtOLD PXLWDV YH]HV QmR FRQWULEXL
SDUD D YLVXDOL]DomR GH JDQKRV LQGLYLGXDLV TXH HVVDV PXOKHUHV DGRHFLGDV SHOD
GHSHQGrQFLD GR iOFRRO REWLYHUDP HP VXD WUDMHWyULD GH YLGD $V GLILFXOGDGHV HP
FRQVWDWDU DV FRQTXLVWDV DOFDQoDGDV PXLWDV YH]HV SURSLFLDUDP R HVWUHLWDPHQWR FRP R
XVR GD VXEVWkQFLD H HP DOJXQVFDVRVDLQWHQVLILFDomRGRXVRGRiOFRRO
3HUFHEHVH TXH DVVLP FRPR QR XQLYHUVR PDVFXOLQR R iOFRRO QR XQLYHUVR
IHPLQLQR WDPEpP SRGH FRQWULEXLU SDUD R HVJDUoDPHQWR GRV YtQFXORV DIHWLYRV 1R
HQWDQWR TXDQGR VH WUDWD GD PXOKHU DV FREUDQoDV SHOR GHVHPSHQKR SOHQR GR SDSHO GH
PmH HVSRVD H FXLGDGRUD GD IDPtOLD DGTXLUHP IRUPDV LQTXLVLWyULDV Mi TXH D
GHSHQGrQFLDGR iOFRRO SUHMXGLFD R GHVHPSHQKR QmR Vy GHVVHV SDSpLV PDV WDPEpP
D LQVHUomR GD PXOKHUHPRXWURVHVSDoRVGDYLGDVRFLDO
2 SURFHVVR GH IUDJLOL]DomR H FXOSDELOL]DomR SHOR QmR GHVHPSHQKR GRV SDSpLV
VRFLDOPHQWH DWULEXtGRV WDPEpP DX[LOLDP D DSUR[LPDomR GHVVDV PXOKHUHV FRP R
iOFRRO XPD YH] TXH QHVVHV FDVRV R XVR GD VXEVWkQFLD SRGH FRQVWLWXLU XPD ³URWD GH
IXJD´SDUDDVVLWXDo}HVYLYHQFLDGDV
7RGRV HVVHV HOHPHQWRV Vy SRGHP VHU FRPSUHHQGLGRV HP VXD WRWDOLGDGH D
SDUWLU GH XPD DQiOLVH FDOFDGD QR SURFHVVR KLVWyULFR GDV UHODo}HV VRFLDLV WRPDQGR D
TXHVWmR GH JrQHUR FRPR XP UHFRUWH GHVVDV GHVLJXDOGDGHV 1HVVH DVSHFWR R WUDEDOKR
FRP PXOKHUHV TXH DGRHFHUDP SHOD GHSHQGrQFLD GR iOFRRO GHYH WUDQVSRU DV
Do}HV UHVWULWDV DR WUDWDPHQWRGDGRHQoD
(QWHQGHU FRPR DV P~OWLSODV H[SUHVV}HV GD 4XHVWmR 6RFLDO DSUHVHQWDPVH
QD KLVWyULD GH YLGD H QR FRWLGLDQR GDV PXOKHUHV DGRHFLGDV SHOD GHSHQGrQFLD GR
iOFRRO p WDPEpP FRQVWUXLU DOWHUQDWLYDV GH LQWHUYHQomR SURILVVLRQDO GDGDV QD
UHDOLGDGH GHVVD SRSXODomR
$V Do}HV WpFQLFDV YROWDGDV DR DWHQGLPHQWR LQWHJUDO VmR GH VXPD
LPSRUWkQFLD HQWUHWDQWR QmR SRGHP VHU GH LQWHLUD UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH GDV HTXLSHV GH
VD~GHPDVVLPGR(VWDGR
1HVVHVHQWLGRGLIHUHQWHVHVWXGRVWrPDSRQWDGRTXHPHVPRFRPRFUHVFLPHQWR
GRQ~PHURGHPXOKHUHVGHSHQGHQWHVGRiOFRRODVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVQDiUHDDLQGDVmR

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




LQFLSLHQWHV DVSHFWR TXH FDXVD SUHRFXSDomR Mi TXH GHPRQVWUD D SRXFD YLVLELOLGDGH
VRFLDOGRWHPD

&216,'(5$d®(6),1$,6

,QGLYtGXRVGRJrQHURIHPLQLQRHVWmRFDGDYH]PDLVDSUR[LPDQGRVHGRXVRGDV
GURJDV OtFLWDV H LOtFLWDV &RPR REVHUYDGR QR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GHVWH DUWLJR DV
GHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLVLQWHUIHUHPGLUHWDPHQWHQRPRGRFRPRRVLQGLYtGXRVDGRHFHPDR
DFHQWXDUHPRVLPSDFWRVQDYLGDGDVPXOKHUHVGHSHQGHQWHVGRXVRGHiOFRRO
$RSHQVDUQHVVHVLPSDFWRVQmRVHSRGHSHUGHUGHYLVWDHPTXDOFHQiULRVRFLDO
HFRQ{PLFRHSROtWLFRDPXOKHUDGRHFLGDSHORXVRGHiOFRROHVWiLQVHULGD2FRQVXPR
GRiOFRROHPQRVVDVRFLHGDGHpPDLV³EHPUHFHELGR´QRXQLYHUVRPDVFXOLQRGRTXHQR
IHPLQLQRQR~OWLPRFDVRRXVRpYLVWRFRPUHVHUYDV
$VPXOKHUHVFRQWLQXDPFRPRDVSULQFLSDLVYtWLPDVHVHXVDOJR]HVDLQGDVmRQD
PDLRULD RV FRPSDQKHLURV 1HVVH DVSHFWR R XVR HP H[FHVVR GH VXEVWkQFLDV FRPR R
iOFRRO SRGH FRQVWLWXLU DOWHUQDWLYD GH IXJD XWLOL]DGD SHODV PXOKHUHV SDUD VXSRUWDU DV
VLWXDo}HVOLPLWHVjVTXDLVVmRVXEPHWLGDV
(VVDVVLWXDo}HVOLPLWHVSRGHPVHUPLQLPL]DGDVFRPDo}HVSURJUDPiWLFDVTXHVy
SRGHP VHU DWLQJLGDV FRP LQWHUYHQo}HV GR (VWDGR SRU PHLR GH SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV
LQWHUVHWRULDLV
1R TXH GL] UHVSHLWR j DWXDomR SURILVVLRQDO GR DVVLVWHQWH VRFLDO UHODFLRQDGD D
HVVDVTXHVW}HVHSULQFLSDOPHQWHVREUHRDWHQGLPHQWRjVPXOKHUHVTXHIL]HUDPRXID]HP
XVRH[FHVVLYRGHiOFRRORFRQWDWRGLUHWRFRPDVXVXiULDVSRGHRFRUUHUQRVVHUYLoRVGH
VD~GHHQRVVHXVGLIHUHQWHVQtYHLVGHDWHQGLPHQWR %iVLFD0pGLDH$OWD&RPSOH[LGDGH 
(VVDV Do}HV HP VXD PDLRULD VmR UHDOL]DGDV QR DWHQGLPHQWR GLUHWR QDV GLPHQV}HV
WHUDSrXWLFDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUHVRFLRHGXFDWLYD
(VVDV LQWHUYHQo}HV QmR DFRQWHFHP LVRODGDPHQWH HODV VmR LQWHUOLJDGDV R TXH
H[LJHTXHRSURILVVLRQDOHPVXDDWXDomRXWLOL]HDLQYHVWLJDomRFUtWLFDFRPRIHUUDPHQWD
SDUDRHQWHQGLPHQWRGDUHDOLGDGHGDVUHODo}HVVRFLDLVHGRSURFHVVRGHDGRHFLPHQWRGDV
PXOKHUHVDWHQGLGDV

2WHUPRVLWXDo}HVOLPLWHVXWLOL]DGRQRWH[WRID]UHIHUrQFLDjSREUH]DGLILFXOGDGHGHDFHVVRjHGXFDomR

DRWUDEDOKRjPRUDGLDHWF
7UDWDVHGDLQYHVWLJDomRXWLOL]DGDFRPRIHUUDPHQWDIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDDSURGXomRGHGLIHUHQWHVVDEHUHV

HQmRVRPHQWHSDUDDDWXDomRGRDVVLVWHQWHVRFLDO
6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661


2XWURDVSHFWRDVHUFRQVLGHUDGRUHIHUHVHDRURPSLPHQWRFRPDo}HVGHFDUiWHU
HPHUJHQFLDOHEXURFUiWLFRDILPGHFRQWULEXLUQDFRQVWUXomRGHDo}HVTXHDX[LOLHPDV
XVXiULDVDUHIOHWLUHPFULWLFDPHQWHVREUHDVVXDVFRQGLo}HVGHYLGD(VVDVFRQGLo}HVGH
YLGD DR VHUHP DQDOLVDGDV D SDUWLU GD FDWHJRULD DQDOtWLFD GH JrQHUR SRGHP WRPDU
FRQWRUQRV GLIHUHQWHV (VVHV FRQWRUQRV WrP FRPR PDUFD D QDWXUDOL]DomR GDV
GHVLJXDOGDGHVHDFRQVHTXHQWHSHUPDQrQFLDGDVXEDOWHUQLGDGHGRJrQHURIHPLQLQR
1HVVHVHQWLGRRDVVLVWHQWHVRFLDOSRGHWHUFRPRXPGRVIRFRVGHVXDLQWHUYHQomR
SURILVVLRQDO RV HVSDoRV GH UHIOH[mR VREUH D TXHVWmR GH JrQHUR FRP DV XVXiULDV GRV
VHUYLoRVHWDPEpPFRPDHTXLSHGHVD~GH2V3DUkPHWURVSDUD$WXDomRGH$VVLVWHQWHV
6RFLDLVQD3ROtWLFDGH6D~GH  DSRQWDP
2 DVVLVWHQWH VRFLDO DR SDUWLFLSDU GH WUDEDOKR HP HTXLSH QD VD~GH
GLVS}H GH kQJXORV SDUWLFXODUHV GH REVHUYDomR QD LQWHUSUHWDomR GDV
FRQGLo}HV GH VD~GH GR XVXiULR H XPD FRPSHWrQFLD WDPEpP GLVWLQWD
SDUD R HQFDPLQKDPHQWR GDV Do}HV TXH R GLIHUHQFLD GR PpGLFR GR
HQIHUPHLURGRQXWULFLRQLVWDHGRVGHPDLVWUDEDOKDGRUHVTXHDWXDPQD
VD~GH ibidS 

(VVH WUDEDOKR SRGH DX[LOLDU DV PXOKHUHV HP DFRPSDQKDPHQWR D LQLFLDUHP XPD
UHIOH[mRFUtWLFDHSRUVXDYH]DGHVFRQVWUXomRGHTXHVW}HVTXHHQYROYDPDVUHODo}HVGH
JrQHURHSULQFLSDOPHQWHDORFDOL]DUHPHPVXDVKLVWyULDVGHYLGDDVSHFWRVUHODFLRQDGRV
DHVVDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVTXHSURSLFLDUDPDDSUR[LPDomRFRPRXVRDEXVLYRGRiOFRRO
1HVVH DVSHFWR p QHFHVViULR R HVWtPXOR D Do}HV TXH EXVTXHP D DPSOLDomR GH
PRGHORV LQRYDGRUHV GH DWHQomR DR SURFHVVR GH VD~GH H GRHQoD (VVHV PRGHORV
LQRYDGRUHV DWUHODGRV j SHUVSHFWLYD FUtWLFD GR GHVYHODPHQWR GDV UHODo}HV VRFLDLV GH
JrQHUR GDV XVXiULDV GRV VHUYLoRV GH VD~GH SRGHP FRQVWLWXLUVH FRPR XPD LPSRUWDQWH
IHUUDPHQWDGHHQIUHQWDPHQWRGD4XHVWmR6RFLDOQRLQWHULRUGRVVHUYLoRVGHVD~GH
0RGHORVGHDWHQomRHPVD~GHFDOFDGRVQHVVHVSULQFtSLRVHVWmRSUy[LPRVQmRVy
GRVSULQFtSLRVGD5HIRUPD6DQLWiULDHGR686PDVWDPEpPGRFRPSURPLVVRpWLFRGR
DVVLVWHQWH VRFLDO 'HQWUH HVVHV FRPSURPLVVRV SRGHP VHU GHVWDFDGDV IHUUDPHQWDV
LPSRUWDQWHVSDUDRVSURILVVLRQDLVLQVHULGRVQD3ROtWLFDGH6D~GHFRQWLGDVQRV3ULQFtSLRV
)XQGDPHQWDLVGR&yGLJRGHeWLFD3URILVVLRQDOGR$VVLVWHQWH6RFLDO


&yGLJRGHeWLFDDSURYDGRHPGHPDUoRGH
6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661


ƒ 5HFRQKHFLPHQWR GD OLEHUGDGH FRPR YDORU pWLFR FHQWUDO H GDV GHPDQGDV


SROtWLFDVDHODLQHUHQWHV±DXWRQRPLDHPDQFLSDomRHSOHQDH[SDQVmRGRV
LQGLYtGXRVVRFLDLV
ƒ $PSOLDomRHFRQVROLGDomRGDFLGDGDQLDFRQVLGHUDGDWDUHIDSULPRUGLDOGH
WRGD D VRFLHGDGH FRP YLVWDV j JDUDQWLD GRV GLUHLWRV FLYLV VRFLDLV H
SROtWLFRVGDVFODVVHVWUDEDOKDGRUDV
ƒ 'HIHVD GR DSURIXQGDPHQWR GD GHPRFUDFLD HQTXDQWR VRFLDOL]DomR GD
SDUWLFLSDomRSROtWLFDHGDULTXH]DVRFLDOPHQWHSURGX]LGD
ƒ 3RVLFLRQDPHQWR HP IDYRU GD HTXLGDGH H MXVWLoD VRFLDO TXH DVVHJXUH D
XQLYHUVDOLGDGH GH DFHVVR DRV EHQV H VHUYLoRV UHODWLYRV DRV SURJUDPDV
VRFLDLVEHPFRPRVXDJHVWmRGHPRFUiWLFD
ƒ (PSHQKRQDHOLPLQDomRGHWRGDVDVIRUPDVGHSUHFRQFHLWRLQFHQWLYDQGR
R UHVSHLWR j GLYHUVLGDGH j SDUWLFLSDomR GH JUXSRV VRFLDOPHQWH
GLVFULPLQDGRVHjGLVFXVVmRGDVGLIHUHQoDV
ƒ 2SomRSRUXPSURMHWRSURILVVLRQDOYLQFXODGRDRSURFHVVRGHFRQVWUXomR
GH XPD QRYD RUGHP VRFLHWiULD VHP GRPLQDomRH[SORUDomR GH FODVVH
HWQLDHJrQHUR
ƒ &RPSURPLVVRFRPDTXDOLGDGHGRVVHUYLoRVSUHVWDGRVjSRSXODomRHFRP
R DSULPRUDPHQWRLQWHOHFWXDOQDSHUVSHFWLYDGDFRPSHWrQFLDSURILVVLRQDO

1HVVH VHQWLGR UHVSDOGDUVH QRV SULQFtSLRV GR &yGLJR GH eWLFD GD SURILVVmR
DX[LOLD QR GLUHFLRQDPHQWR GH SUiWLFDV LQWHJUDLV HP VD~GH TXH SRGHP FRQWULEXLU SDUD
URPSHUFRPSUiWLFDVURWLQHLUDVEXURFUiWLFDVHDFUtWLFDVHDVVLPGLUHFLRQDUDVDo}HVSDUD
XPD LQWHUYHQomR SURILVVLRQDO D SDUWLU GD LQYHVWLJDomR GD UHDOLGDGH VRFLDO j TXDO DV
XVXiULDVGRVVHUYLoRVGHVD~GHHVWmRRXHVWLYHUDPVXEPHWLGDV
$o}HV SURILVVLRQDLV TXH YLVHP j DERUGDJHP LQWHJUDO QmR GHYHP VHU
FRPSUHHQGLGDVFRPRUHVWULWDVjSURILVVLRQDLVRXDVHUYLoRVGHVD~GHPDVVLPDSUiWLFDV
SURILVVLRQDLV LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUHV H LQWHUVHWRULDLV TXH WrP R (VWDGR FRPR XP GRV
SULQFLSDLV SURPRWRUHV FRP D RIHUWD GH SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV TXH PLQLPL]HP DV LQMXVWLoDV
VRFLDLV

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




5()(5Ç1&,$6

%5$6,/ , /HYDQWDPHQWR 1DFLRQDO VREUH RV 3DGU}HV GH &RQVXPR GH ÈOFRRO QD
3RSXODomR %UDVLOHLUD  'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWSZZZRELGVHQDGJRYEU!
$FHVVR HPPDU
%5$6,/,,/HYDQWDPHQWR1DFLRQDOGHÈOFRROH'URJDV /(1$' 
'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZLPSDGRUJEU/(1$'B3UHVV5HOHDVH!$FHVVRHPRXW
%5$920,6>et al.@ 2UJV 6D~GHH6HUYLoR6RFLDOHG6mR3DXOR
&RUWH]5LRGH-DQHLUR8(5-
&$59$/+2 * )XQGR 0XQLFLSDO GH 6D~GH 6mR 3DXOR ,QVWLWXWR 3yOLV 38&63
S
&(1752 '( ,1)250$d®(6 62%5( 6$Ò'( ( È/&22/ ÈOFRRO H PXOKHUHV
'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZFLVDRUJEU!$FHVVRHPIHY
BBBBBB 'LIHUHQoDV HQWUH JrQHURV HP UHODomR DR SDGUmR GH FRQVXPR GH iOFRRO H
SUREOHPDVUHODFLRQDGRVHPXPDDPRVWUDUHSUHVHQWDWLYDGH6mR3DXOR'LVSRQtYHO
HPKWWSZZZFLVDRUJEU!$FHVVRHPIHY
&(&,/,2 / & 2 $V QHFHVVLGDGHV GH VD~GH FRPR FRQFHLWR HVWUXWXUDQWH QD
OXWD SHODLQWHJUDOLGDGHHHTXLGDGHQDDWHQomRjVD~GH/DSSLV±/DERUDWyULRGH
3HVTXLVDVREUH3UiWLFDVGH,QWHJUDOLGDGHHP6D~GH5LRGH-DQHLUR(163
'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZODSSLVRUJEU!$FHVVRHPPDU
&216(/+2 )('(5$/ '( 6(59,d2 62&,$/ 3DUkPHWURV SDUD DWXDomR GH
DVVLVWHQWHV VRFLDLV QD SROtWLFD GH VD~GH 6pULH 7UDEDOKR H 3URMHWR 3URILVVLRQDO QDV
3ROtWLFDV6RFLDLVQ%UDVtOLD&)(66
(/%5('(5 0 ) >et al.@ 3HUILO GH PXOKHUHV XVXiULDV GH iOFRRO HP DPEXODWyULR
HVSHFLDOL]DGR HP GHSHQGrQFLD TXtPLFD -RUQDO %UDVLOHLUR GH 3VLTXLDWULD >on-line@
 Y  Q S  'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZVFLHOREU!$FHVVRHP
PDU 
*2',1+276,/9(,5$0/GH 2UJV 3ROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVGHJrQHUR6mR
3DXOR&RRUGHQDGRULD(VSHFLDOGD0XOKHUS&DGHUQRVGD&RRUGHQDGRULD
(VSHFLDO$0XOKHU
,$0$0272 0 6HUYLoR VRFLDO QD FRQWHPSRUDQHLGDGH WUDEDOKR H
IRUPDomR SURILVVLRQDOHG6mR3DXOR&RUWH]

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661




.58*(5756HUYLoR6RFLDOHVD~GHHVSDoRVGHDWXDomRDSDUWLUGR6865HYLVWD
6HUYLoR6RFLDO 6D~GH&DPSLQDVY,;QSGH]
0$5;.6REUHRVXLFtGLR7UDGXomRGH5XEHQV(QGHUOHH)UDQFLVFR)RQWDQHOOD
6mR3DXOR%RLWHPSR
0$5;.(1*(/6)$,GHRORJLDDOHPm6mR3DXOR*ULMDOERS
0$7726 5 $ GH $ LQWHJUDOLGDGH QD SUiWLFD RX VREUH D SUiWLFD GD
LQWHJUDOLGDGH  &DGHUQR6D~GH3~EOLFD5LRGH-DQHLURY  SVHWRXW
12*8(,5$9050,2725&7'HVDILRVDWXDLVGRVLVWHPD~QLFRGH
VD~GH±686 H DV H[LJrQFLDV SDUD RV DVVLVWHQWHV VRFLDLV ,Q 027$ $ (>et al@
2UJV  6HUYLoR 6RFLDO  6D~GH IRUPDomR H WUDEDOKR SURILVVLRQDO  HG 6mR
3DXOR &RUWH] %UDVtOLD ') 2SDV2060LQLVWpULRGD6D~GH
3(5(,5$'$17$6,663URGXomRFLHQWtILFDQR%UDVLOVREUHiOFRROHPXOKHU
XPDUHYLVmRELEOLRJUiILFD'LVSRQtYHOHP
KWWSZZZXHOEUUHYLVWDXHOLQGH[SKSVVUHYLVWD!$FHVVRHPPDU
6(9(5,12$-0HWRGRORJLDGRWUDEDOKRFLHQWtILFRHGUHYHDWXDO6mR
3DXOR&RUWH]
6,/9$-39GD*8/-25$3*HVWmRHPUHGHVHFRQVWUXomRGD
LQWHJUDOLGDGHGD DWHQomR H GR FXLGDGR HP VD~GH QRWDV SDUD XP GHEDWH
'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWSZZZDFHUYRHVSVMYILRFUX]EUEHEWH[WRFRPSOHWR!$FHVVR
HPPDU6,548(,5$ ' 6 0XOKHUHV TXH FRQWUDtUDP +,9 HP
UHODFLRQDPHQWRV HVWiYHLV H UHODo}HV GH JrQHUR 0RQRJUDILD GH $SULPRUDPHQWR
3URILVVLRQDO  ± 6HFUHWDULD GH (VWDGRGD6D~GHGH6mR3DXOR6mR3DXOR

6HUY6RF 6D~GH&DPSLQDV63YQ  SMXOGH],661

Potrebbero piacerti anche