2018/04/16, 12*06 2018/04/16, 12*06

4) When an air bubble rises from the bottom of a lake to the surface,
its volume is doubled. Find the depth of the lake. (Atmospheric
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pressure = 76 cm of Hg, density of Hg = 13.6 g cm –3 and density of
water = 1 g cm –3 )?
Sol: Let the depth of lake be h cm

PRESSURE Pressure at the bottom of lake,

P1 = Atmospheric pressure + pressure due to water column in the lake
1) Calculate the pressure due to a water–column of height 120 m. (Take
= 76 × 13.6 × g + hρg
g = 10 m s –2 and density of water = 10 3 kg m –3 )?
= (76 × 13.6 + h × 1) g
Sol:
Given height of water–column = 120 m, g = 10 m s–2
Volume of bubble at the bottom, V1 = V
And density of water = 103 kg m–3
Volume of bubble at the surface, V2 = 2V
Pressure = h ρ g
Pressure at the surface P2 = Atmospheric pressure
= 120 × 103 × 10
= 76 cm of Hg
= 12 × 105 N m–2
= 76 × 13.6 × g

2) At what depth below the surface of water will the pressure be equal From Boyle's law, P1V1 = P2V2

to the atmospheric pressure ? The atmospheric pressure is 10 N cm – (76 × 13.6 + h × 1) g × V = 76 × 13.6 × g× 2V

2 . Density of water = 10 3 kg m –3 , g = 9.8 m s –2 ?
or h = (2 ×76 ×13.6) – (76 × 13.6)
Sol: Pressure at a depth h below the = atmospheric pressure + pressure due to = 76 × 13.6
surface of water water column of height h.
= 1034 cm
If atmospheric pressure is P, = P + hρg or hρg = P
= 10.34 m
then 2P

But P = 10 N cm–2 5) Figure shows a rectangular object immersed in water of density 10 3

= l0N/(10–2 m)2 kg m –3 Calculate the pressure at the top and bottom of the object,
the resultant pressure on the object. Take atmospheric pressure =
= 105 N m–2
10 5 Pa and g = 9.8 N kg –1 ?
Hence h = P/ρg

= 105/(103 × 9.8)
= 10.2 m

Thus a water column of height 10.2 m exerts a pressure equal to the

atmospheric pressure.

3) A square plate of side 10 m is placed horizontally 2 m below the

surface of water. The atmospheric pressure is 1.013 × 10 5 N m –2 .
Calculate the total thrust on the plate.(Density of water = 10 3 kg m – Sol:
Atmospheric pressure P0 = 105 Pa,
3 , g = 9–8 m s –2 )?
g = 9.8 N kg–1
Sol:
The pressure at a point 2 m = atmospheric pressure = (1.013 × 105 N m2) + Depth of top of the object from water surface h1 = 20 cm
below the surface of water pressure due to a column of water of height 2
m. = 0.2 m
Depth of bottom of object from water surface h2 = 20 + 15 = 35 cm =0.35 m
Pressure due to 2 m column of water = h ρ g
(i) Pressure at the top surface of object P1 = Po + h1 ρg
= 2 × 103 × 9.8
= 105 + (0.20 × 103 × 9.8)
= 0.196 × 105 N m–2
= 1.0196 × 105 Pa
∴ Total pressure = (1.013 × 105) + (0.196 × 105)
Pressure at the bottom surface of object P2 = Po + h2 ρg
= 1.209 × 105 N m–2
= 105 + (0.35 × 103× 9.8)
Area of the plate = 10 × 10
= 1.0343 × 105 Pa
= 102 m2
(ii) Resultant pressure on the object = P2 – P1
∴ Total thrust on the plate = Pressure × Area

= (1.209 × 105) × 102 = (1.0343 × 105) – (1.0196 × 105)

= 1.209 × 107 N = 0.0147 × 105 Pa (or 1.47 × 103 Pa)

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 2018/04/16, 12*06 2018/04/16, 12*06

6) A U tube is partially filled with mercury. If water is added in one arm ∴ Thrust at the bottom = Pressure × Area
and oil is added in the other arm, calculate ratio of water and oil = (1.215× 105) × 0.96
columns so that the mercury level is the same in the two arms.
Given density of water = 10 3 kg m –3 , density of oil = 900 kg m –3 ? = 11.664 × 104 N

Sol: Since the level of mercury is the same in the two arms of the U tube,
8) In figure, a tube of length 220 cm filled with a liquid of density 0.90
Pressure of water column on the = Pressure of oil column on the surface × 10 3 kg m –3 is placed inclined with the vertical such that the level
surface of mercury in one arm of mercury in the other arm. A of liquid in the tube is at a vertical distance 120 cm from its
i.e., h1ρ1g = h2ρ2 g lowest point C. There is a point B in the tube below the point A at a
vertical distance 80 cm. Assuming the atmospheric pressure to be
Here h1 = height of water column,
1.013 × 10 5 N m –2 , calculate the pressure at the points A, B and C.
ρ1 = density of water What will be the pressure at the point C when the tube is made
vertical ?
= 103 kg m–3,
h2 = height of oil column,

ρ2 = density of oil

= 900 kg m–3.
∴ h1/h2 = ρ1/ρ2

= 900/103
= 9/10

7) A rectangular vessel of dimensions 120 cm × 80 cm × 200 cm is

completely filled with a liquid of density 1.1 × 10 3 kg m –3 . Sol: Pressure at the point A = Atmospheric pressure
Neglecting the atmospheric pressure, find (i) the thrust at the
bottom of the vessel, (ii) the pressure at the bottom of the vessel, = 1.013 × l05N m–2
(iii) the pressure at a depth of 5 cm from the free surface, (iv) the At the point B, = Atmospheric pressure + pressure due to 80 cm = 0.8 m)
force experienced by a metal foil placed at a depth 5 cm from the pressure height of liquid
free surface and (v) the thrust at the bottom of the vessel if the
= P + hρg
atmospheric pressure (= 1 × 10 5 N m –2 ) is taken into account? [Take
g = 9.8 m s –2] = (1.013 × 105) + [0.8 × (0.9 × 103) × 9.8]

Sol: (i) Volume of vessel = (120/100 m )× (80/100m) ×(200/100 m) = (1.013 × 105) + (0.071 × 105)

= 1.92 m3 = (1.084 × 105 N m–2

Thrust at the bottom of the vessel = Weight of liquid in the vessel. At the point C, = Atmospheric pressure + pressure due to 120 cm = 1.2
= Volume × density × g pressure m) height of liquid

= 1.92 × (1.1 × 103) × 9.8 = (1.013 × 105) + [1.2 × (0.9 × 103) × 9.8]

= 2.069 × 104 N = (1.013 × 105) + (0.1058 × 105)

(ii) Area of the bottom of vessel = (120/100 m)×(80/100m) = 1.119× I05N m–2

= 0.96 m2 On making the tube vertical, = Atmospheric pressure + pressure due to

at the point C, pressure liquid column of height 220 cm (= 2.2 m)
Pressure at the bottom of vessel = Thrust/Area

= (2.069 × 104 N)/(0.96 m2) = (1.013 × 105) + [2.2 × (0.9 × 103) × 9.8]

= 2.15 × 104 N m–2 = (1.013 × 105) + (0.1940 × 105)

(iii) Pressure at a depth of 5 cm from the free = hρg = 1.207 × 105N m–2
surface

= (5/100) (× (1.11 × 103) ×

9.8)

= 539 N m–2

(iv) Net force on the metal foil will be zero because the force exerted on
each of the two faces of the foil, by the liquid will be equal and opposite.

(v) Pressure at the bottom of = Atmospheric pressure + pressure due to

vessel liquid column

= (1.0 × 105) + (0.215× 105)

= 1.215 × 105 N m–2

∴ Thrust at the bottom = Pressure × Area

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