HARVARD reference examples for MUSIC

See Cite Them Right Online via the Library website for more examples and help.

Here is a passage that might appear in your essay with the in-text citation for the
direct quote and how it would appear in your References list at the end.

Research shows that we hear music, both old and new, complex and simple, not
in any kind of technical detail to do with forms, themes, motives and the rest, but
in terms of shapes and gestures, episodically, from salient event to event. As
Nicholas Cook says, 'Introspective and anecdotal evidence suggests that this is
how most people listen most of the time.' (Cook, 1994, p. 88)

References
Cook, N. (1994) ‘Perception: a perspective from music theory’, in Aiello, R. (ed.)
Musical Perceptions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 64-95.

The References list is in alphabetical order and includes everything, books,

recordings, web pages etc., in one list.

Source type Reference list format

Book with NB – book title in italics, place of publication is always a city/town,
one author not a country.

Williams, A. (2013) Music in Germany since 1968. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.
Book with de Botton, A., Armstrong, J. (2013) Art as Therapy. London:
two or more Phaidon.
authors
2nd or 3rd Hallam, S., Cross, I., Thaut, M. (2017) The Oxford Handbook of
etc., edition Music Psychology. 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Edited book Shaw, J., Auner, J. (eds.) (2010) The Cambridge Companion to
Schoenberg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chapter in NB – don’t give chapters from singled authored books, just the
an edited whole book.
book
Cook, N. (1994) ‘Perception: a perspective from music theory’, in
Aiello, R. (ed.) Musical Perceptions. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, pp. 64-95.
eBook If you use an eBook accessed though our library then they all look
like ‘real’ print books so you reference them as a book – as above.
If you use a Kindle (or similar) version of a book it tis the same
except Kindle gives a % rather than a page number so the in-text
citation for the Cook example above would be (Cook, 1994. 68%).
Journal NB – article title in quote marks, journal name in italics. You will
Article access all our journals online but they are always referenced as
print copies.

Robson, K.E., Kenny, D.T. (2017) ‘Music performance anxiety in

ensemble rehearsal and concerts’, Psychology of Music, 45/6, pp.
868-885.
Web page Arnold Schönberg Biography (2015) Arnold Schönberg Center.
Available at: www.schoenberg.at/index.php/en/schoenberg-
2/biographie (Accessed: 6 November 2017).

NB – if there is an author give the name first, like a book, if there

is no date give (no date) in place of (2015).
Oxford Music Webster, J., Feder, G. (2017) ‘Haydn, Joseph’, Grove Music
Online Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Available at:
(Grove) http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music
/44593 (accessed: 6 November 2017).

NB OMO is always the current year.

Taruskin Taruskin, R. (no date) ‘Chapter 6 Inner Occurences
History of (Transcedentalism, III)’. The History of Western Music. New York:
Western Oxford University Press. (Accessed: 6 November 2017).
Music
Online Skempton, H. (1992) Lento. Available at: https://www.spotify.com
streamed (Accessed: 6 November 2017).
recording
YouTube Skempton, H. (2010) Lento. Available at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CT4arTGagPs (Accessed: 6
November 2017).
CD Skempton, H. (1992) Lento [CD]. London: NMC.
DVD Moses und Aron (2007) Directed by R. Nickler [DVD]. Halle:
Arthaus Musik.