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Avila,
Avila, 25 de noviembre de 2004
ARQUITECTURA
SOSTENIBLE
Incorporación de Criterios Sostenibles
en la Arquitectura Convencional
Miguel Angel Romero
Arquitecto
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
INTRODUCCION
EDIFICACION, ARQUITECTURA Y EL
ECOSISTEMA GLOBAL
LA HUELLA ECOLOGICA EN EL PROCESO
EDIFICATORIO
IMPACTO MEDIOAMBIENTAL DE LA
EDIFICACION
100 MATERIALES
UTILIZADOS
80
60 ENERGIA
CONSUMIDA
40
20 40 50 EMISIONES Y
33 DESECHOS
0
RECURSOS
CONCEPTO DE SOSTENIBILIDAD
CATEGORIAS DE IMPACTO
Cambio Contamina-
climático ción
atmosférica Erosión y
Deterioro del desertización
Deforestación medio marino
Arquitectura Sostenible
ENERGIA
AGUA
MATERIALES
GENERACION Y RECICLAJE DE RESIDUOS
OPTIMIZACION DEL USO Y GESTION
2
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
Iluminación Natural
Ganancias directas
Los tipos de acristalamiento
El efecto invernadero
Los protectores solares
Aleros y porches
Las galerías acristaladas
Los miradores
3
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
Sistemas pasivos
El acristalamiento térmico
La inercia térmica
Captación de calor
Muros captadores
Las glorias
4
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
Sistemas Activos
Energía Solar Térmica
Energía Solar Fotovoltaica
5
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
El Agua
Gestión integral de los recursos hídricos
Agua y arquitectura
El jardín como disfrute de la naturaleza
La xerojardinería
El efecto refrescante de las plantas
La capacidad de las plantas de mejorar el aire
La vegetación como elemento arquitectónico
El agua como fuente energética de climatización
El agua como regulador en espacios exteriores
Gestión del consumo
La recuperación del agua de lluvia 6
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
El aire
Clases de contaminación
La salud
Fuentes de contaminación
7
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
La selección convencional de
materiales
Funcionales
Seguridad, fuego, etc
Carac. Térmicas y climáticas
Disponibilidad
Coste
Capacidad de mantenimiento
estéticos
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
Características a añadir
Hormigón
Acero
Aluminio
Ladrillo y cerámicos
Madera
Tierra cruda
Fibrocemento
Pvc
Poliuretano
Polietileno, polibutileno, pp
Poliestireno
¿PORQUE?
Medioambiental
Social
Económico
Medioambiental
“ un indicador relacionado con
un impacto medioambiental” (causado
por la construcción, operación y/o
demolición de los edificios “
Objetivo
“ Describir (cuantitativa/cualitativa)
los impactos medioambientales
relacionados con la construcción,
operación y/o demolición de los
edificios “
Metodo:
“ sistema organizado de Indicadores
de Impacto Medioambiental relacionado
con el comportamiento de los edificios a
lo largo de su ciclo completo de vida”
Ponderación de criterios-indicadores
(GBC-GBTool, BREEAM (GB), etc.)
Indicadores de Impacto
VERDE
Ecoeficiencia
CASBEE(Japón).
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE
GBC - GBTool
Edificio Herramienta
Cálculo del
consumo recursos
Cargas medioambientales
Emisiones
Parámetros de GBTool
Calidad Ambiente Interior
Predicción de otras
características
de comportamiento
Resultados puntuados
y ponderados
Green Centre We have taken the position that weight assignment for the very broad Issue Areas is primarily a political Enter data:
decision. For assignment of Category weights, we expect that a relatively objective method of assigning
Rev. 01 weights will be available before December 2001. In the meantime, it is assumed that team members will vote Do not enter:
on Category weights only if they have expertise in the subject. Votes are averaged and are automatically
Big Town, Any country Select List:
averaged for insertion as percentage values in the Weight worksheet.
Vote for relative importance of Major Issue Your Team Your selection Other basis for your team
GBC default Basis of Assigning Your Team Issue Weights
Areas Selection as percent selection (specify):
Weighting examples are provided (modify these or remove them! ) GBC defaults were used c C
d
e
f
g
R RESOURCE CONSUMPTION 20 25 25% National policy or regulation b
c
d
e
f
g
S QUALITY OF SERVICE 15 0 0%
E ECONOMICS 10 10 10% At right, select which Issue weights you want to
Use GBC defaults for Issue
apply to the results; the GBC defaults or your
M PRE-OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 10 0 0% Team selection weights
T COMMUTING TRANSPORT 0 0 0%
Up to 6 persons can enter points in columns. Only members with expertise appropriate to the subject should vote, so some groupings will have
Vote for relative importance of Categories within more voters than others. Results are averaged.
Major Issue Areas 1 2 3 4 5 6 Avg. As%
Weighting examples are provided (modify these or remove them! ) Adjust weights until red numbers disappear
Categories
(Resource Consumption)
Criteria
(Primary Energy Consumption in LC)
Sub-criteria
(Embodied Energy in materials)
Score
Building Name: Green Centre Benchmarks are used in GBTool as the basis for assigning scores. Sometimes an appropriate value can be found in regulations or
Version: Rev. 01 They should be equivalent to the minimum acceptable industry standards, but in other cases the assessment team must make a
practice in the region, for this type and class of building. determination based on local industry practices.
City & Country: Big Town, Any country
Maximum amount of material excavated that is taken off the site, as a proportion of % excavated
B1 50%
total below-grade built volume. volume
% unbuilt site
B2 Proportion of site area that is hard-paved and non-permeable 50%
area
% hard-paved
B3 Proportion of hard-paved site area that is permeable 25%
site area
% unbuilt site
B4 Proportion of landscaped site area with planting requiring watering. 90%
area
Proportion of landscaped site area with species not requiring watering (set by value of % unbuilt site From Cntxt worksheet: - There is sufficient water and no water imported from other regions: -
B5 10%
B4) area Aquifer use will result in some adverse effect on short-term aquifer capacity
% of total storm
B6 Percent of storm water to be disposed of within the site 20%
water
Worst-case potential of the Design to interfere with access to winter sun of adjacent % of façade of
B8 property, estimated by the percent of the southerly facing building façade of an 40% adjacent
adjacent property South of the design shaded by it at 12 noon on Winter Soltice. building shaded
B10 Appropriate ambient illumination levels for primary non-residential occupancies 300 Lux
Maximum size of typical ambient lighting control zones in perimeter areas of primary
B11 non-residential occupancies
10.0 m2
Maximum size of typical ambient lighting control zones in interior areas of primary non-
B12 residential occupancies
22.5 m2
(MJ/m 2) /
ESI-1 Total net consumption of primary embodied energy, GJ 8,5 48,6 (kaph/m 2)
(MJ/m 2) /
ESI-2 Net annualized consumption of primary embodied energy, MJ 14 79 (kaph/m 2)
(MJ/m 2) /
ESI-3 Net annual consumption of primary energy for building operations, MJ 706 4031 (kaph/m 2)
(MJ/m 2) /
ESI-4 Net annual consumption of primary non-renewable energy for building operations, MJ 746 4259 (kaph/m 2)
(MJ/m 2) /
ESI-5 Net annualized primary embodied energy and annual operating primary energy, MJ 760 4338 (kaph/m 2)
ESI-6 Net area of land consumed for building and related works, m2 0,2 6,2 m 2 / occupant
ESI-7 Net annual consumption of potable water for building operations, m3 31 39 m 3 / (aph/m 2) *yr
3
ESI-8 Annual use of grey water and rainwater for building operations, m 0 0 m 3 / (aph/m 2) *yr
Net annual GHG emissions from building operations, normalized for net area and occupancy, kg. CO 2 (Kg. eCO2 / m 2 ) /
ESI-9 98 560
equivalent (kaph / m 2 )
ESI-10 Total weight of materials re-used in Design from on-site or off-site uses, kg. 0 0 kg / (aph/m 2) *yr
ESI-11 Total weight of new materials used in Design from off-site uses, kg. 912 5206 kg / (aph/m 2) *yr
5,0 5,0
4,0 4,0
3,0 3,0
2,0 2,0
1,0 1,0
1,4 0,9 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,0 3,0 0,0
0,0 0,0
-1,0 -1,0
Total Score for Resources, Loadings and IEQ Resources Loadings IEQ Service Quality Economics Management Transport
-2,0 -2,0
Total Performance issues
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
1.5 0.0 2.2 0.0
0.0
-0.7
-1.0
Energy Land Water Building re- New
-2.0 use materials
Herramienta Española
Evaluación Medioambiental de Edificios
El proyecto de herramienta para España (VERDE)
Metodologías existentes
Modelos seguidos para su diseño
Propuesta de Indicadores
Asignación de pesos
Valores de referencia
Rango de valores para la puntuación (Assess) o método
para evaluar la función de rendimiento
Consumo de Recursos
Cargas Ambientales
Calidad Ambiental Interior
Calidad de Servicio
Flujos Monetarios
Aspectos Sociales
R. CONSUMO DE
R1-COMBUSTIBLES Tep/m2
RECURSOS 100 %
__ % __ %
m2 parcela/m2
L. CARGAS construido 100 %
AMBIENTALES
R2-SUELO
__ % __ % 0%
Q. CALIDAD
AMBIENTAL INTERIOR R3-AGUA POTABLE
m3/m2 100 %
__% __ %
S. CALIDAD DEL TONELADAS M.PRIMAS
SERVICIO EMPLEADAS EN EDIFICIO/m2 100 %
__ %
R4-MATERIAS
0%
E. FLUJOS PRIMAS
MONETARIOS EN
CV __ %
__ % 0%
SO. SOCIALES
__ %
SO.1 Salud y
productividad __ %
SO. SOCIALES SO.2 Seguridad del usuario
__ %
__ %
SO.3 Equidad
__ %
Criteria Categories
Sostenibilidad del emplazamiento
Eficiencia en el uso y consumo de agua
Energía y atmósfera
Materiales y recursos
Calidad medioambiental interior
Innovación en el proceso de diseño
Quality of Life
Eco-Efficiency =
Environmental Load
Concept of Eco-efficiency is evolved to BEE
(Building Environmental Efficiency) for the
assessment of building sustainability
METODO CLASIFICACIÓN
BASES DE DATOS
Escala de rendimiento
Contextual o no contextual
5
Función de rendimiento
Como? Quien?
•Impactos e indicadores a evaluar
•Edificio de referencia
•Coeficientes Ponderación
•Proporciona los datos
•Realiza la evaluación
•Presenta resultados
www.sb05.com
www.iisbe.org
COMISION ARQUITECTURA SOSTENIBLE - COACYLE