Final Review 1 Review 1 a SCALAR quantity is a value that has magnitude but not direction. a VECTOR quantity is a value that has a magnitude and direction. Which one of the following choices is a scalar quantity? Which is a vector quantity? Mass Temperature Time Displacement Volume Speed Weight Acceleration Area VelocityFinal Review 1 Potential Energy Based on the equation, gravitational PE = mgh, which of the following has increasing PE.: 1) Astudent at Mohawk College walks up the stairs to the third floor. 2) A bird of prey swoops down to get a field mouse. 3) An automobile moving on a level stretch of highway 403 4) An automobile going up the Burlington Skyway Bridge 5) An automobile going down the Burlington Skyway Bridge Newtonian Physics is the study of the life of Sir Isaac Newton. T or F Electricity is the movement of electrons in a covalent bond. T or F Atmospheric pressure is the same on top of Mt. Everest as it is at sea level. T or F The energy unit “Joule”, is the same as a N-m. T of F The temperature of outer space is: a) Not known b) Zero degrees C c) A little bit above zero Kelvin d) Warm. Astronauts wear space suits only to supply them with oxygenFinal Review 1 Kinematics A ball is dropped from rest from the top of the Skylon Tower in Niagara Falls and strikes the ground 160 m below. Approximately how many seconds does it take the ball to strike the ground after being dropped? Neglect air resistance (Ans: 5.7 s)Final Review 1 Newton's laws of motion An applied force of 145.6 N is used to accelerate an object to the right across a frictional surface. The object encounters 46.3 N of friction and it weighs 10.9 kg. Calculate: (a) normal force, (b) the net force, (0) coefficient of kinetic friction, (d) mass (e) acceleration. Ans: a) 106.8 N b) 99.3 N c) 433 d) 10.9kg e) 9.11 m/s?Final Review 1 Fluid mechanics A force of 225N is applied to a hydraulic jack piston that is 2.20 cm in diameter. The output piston supports a load on a cylinder with a diameter of 12.5 cm. (Ignore any difference in height between the 2 pistons). (a) What is the magnitude of the output force on the hydraulic jack? (b) How much mass can be lifted by the hydraulic jack? Aaraie= TH? = ned? /4 Ans: a) 7.26 x 10°N_ b) 741 kgFinal Review 1 Fluid mechanics The Titanic lies 3,800 m below the surface of the ocean. What is the pressure acting on the deck of the Titanic? (Patm = 1.013 x 10° Pa, seawater= 1.050 x 10° kg/m*) Ans: 3.92 x 10’ Pa or 5,685 psiFinal Review 1 Fluid mechanics One end of a wire is attached to a ceiling, and a solid brass ball is tied to the lower end. The brass ball has a mass of 12.2 kg. What is the volume of the brass ball? P brass = 8470 kg/m? Ans: 1.44x 10° m?Final Review 1 Temperature and heat A jeweller wants to cast medallions made of silver. To do this she needs to melt the silver. She plans to melt a 500g silver brick currently on a tabletop at room temperature, 22.0°C. a) Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the silver brick’s temperature from 22.0°C to its melting point of 961 °C. The specific heat capacity of silver is 230 J/(kg - C*); and its latent heat of fusion is 88.3 x 10° J/kg.) Ans: = 107 985 J b) Calculate the amount of heat needed to melt the silver brick once it is at 961 °C. Ans = 44 150 J (Total heat required from 22 °C to full melt is 152 135 J)Final Review 1 Heat Transfer Arefrigerator is lined with 0.075-m-thick insulation whose thermal conductivity is 0.030 J/(s-m-C° ). The cross sectional area of the insulation is 5.3 m? . The interior temperature is kept at 5 °C, while the temperature at the outside surface is 25 °C. How much heat per second is being removed from the unit? Ans: 42.4 J/sFinal Review 1 Heat transfer The filament of a light bulb has a temperature of 3.0 x 10° °C and radiates sixty watts of power. The emissivity of the filament is 0.36. Find the surface area of the filament. Ans: 2.56 x 10° m? 10Final Review 2 Review 2 Which of the following statements is true about water? a) When air temperature is at 0 °C, water begins to freeze and sink to the bottom of a lake. b) When the temperature of the water is 0 °C, it freezes and sinks to the bottom of a lake. c} Water at 4 °C sinks to the bottom of a lake during early winter d) Water at 4°C rises to the surface and prevents ice from forming during early winter. Scientists are continually seeking to find life on other planets. What compound are they particularly interested in finding that would make them believe life may be on that planet? a) Carbon b) Silicon c) Water d) Oxygen e) Air Knowing that kinetic energy is a function of velocity, K\ Can be more than one answer. a) A racing car passing a slower car b) A bus coming to a stop c) Heat added to water making the molecules move faster d) A Boeing-747 airplane cruising at 900 km /h at an altitude of 35 000 ft e) A Boeing-747 airplane landing at Pearson airport % mv’, which of the following will increase KE. The unit of power is a Watt. The W is actually a combination of which of the following units? a) Kg-m/s* b) Kg-m?/s? €) Ke/s/s d) J/mFinal Review 2 Heat can be continually added to boiling water (at 1 atm pressure) in order to raise the temperature of the water above 100°C. T or F Convection is the bulk movement of a fluid, be it a gas or a liquid. T or F Betelgeuse is the actual name of a red supergiant star. T or F Scientists publish their findings so they can become superstars in the world of science. TorF Many of the “units” used in science are actually names of famous scientists that made significant contributions within that specific field. T or F Kinematics is the study of objects in motion. Sometimes Energy equations are used to solve kinematic problems. T or F Air is not a fluid; it’s a gas. Only liquids are fluids. T or F When materials are heated they expand only in one direction, lengthwise. T or F Heat flows from a place that is cold to a place that is hot. That is why we feel a cold blast of air when we open the door in the winter. T or FFinal Review 2 Kinematics Ashipwreck survivor makes a slingshot from the fork of a branch. He decides to test his skill by slinging a small stone weighing 125 grams straight up. He estimates the stone reaches 25.0 m above the ground, about the height of a nearby maple tree. What is the initial velocity of the stone as it leaves the sling shot pocket. Ans: 22.1 m/s (1000 grams = 1 Kg)Final Review 2 Kinematics Acar traveling along a road begins accelerating with a constant acceleration of 1.2 m/s* in the direction of motion. After traveling 75 m at this acceleration, its speed is 15 m/s. Determine the speed of the car when it began accelerating. Ans: 6.7 m/sFinal Review 2 Newton’s laws of motion A farm horse is pulling a cart horizontally along the ground with a force of 178 N. The cart weighs 800 N. Friction is estimated at 57N. a) Draw a sketch and show all the forces acting on the cart. b) What is the normal force? c) What is the net force? d) What is the acceleration? ans = 1.48 m/s?Final Review 2 Work and Energy The skateboarder in the drawing starts down the left side of half pipe with an initial speed of 5.4 m/s. If friction and air resistance are negligible, and the heights of both sides of the ramp are equal, what is the distance h, the highest point reached by the skateboarder, on the right side of the ramp? Ans: 1.49 m ——Final Review 2 Fluids 1.0 m tall beaker contains olive oil and water. What is the pressure at the bottom of the container if it is filled with 0.4 m of olive oil and the rest water? Ans: 110,708 Pa Pwater = 1000 Kg/m*, Paive oil = 900 Ke/m*Final Review 2 Temperature and Heat A 4-meter long steel beam is used to build a bridge. What is the change in length of the steel beam when the temperature changes from a cold winter day (-15 °C) to a hot summer day (33 °C). Coefficient of linear expansion of steel (a) is 14 x 10° /C° Ans: .002688 mFinal Review 2 Heat Transfer Alpha Centauri A has a surface temperature of 5790 K and its spherical surface behaves as a blackbody. What is the rate at which energy is radiated from this star? Diameter is 1 713 000 km. (Surface Area of a sphere = 4nr’ , Area of acircle= nr?) Ans: 5.87 x 10° WFinal Review 2 Electricity A car battery with 12 V is connected to a light bulb under the dashboard. Acurrent of 0.22 A passes through the filament of the bulb. What is the resistance of the bulb? Ans: 55.0 Four resistors 8, 100, 60 and 120 are connected in series, What is the equivalent resistance? Ans: 36.Q 10