Lighting System

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry
 Lighting

Essential for any working environment

Power consumption 2 to 10 % for

different industries

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Life Cycle Cost

Initial cost
15%

Operating
Cost
85%

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 Terminologies

Flux emitted by lamp - lumens

Luminous Efficacy - Lumens / Watt

Illuminance = Lumens /sq.meter (Lux)

Colour Rendering Index - Colours of

surfaces illuminated by a given light
source
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 Colour Rendering Index

CRI
 Natural sunlight – 100
 GLS – Closer to 100
 Color 80 series – 80
 T5 – 85
 Metal halide – 85
 HPMV – 75
 HPSV – 40

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Colour Rendering Index

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 Types Of Lamps

Incandescent lamps (GLS)
Filament lamps

Gas discharge lamps
 Fluorescent Lamps (FTL)
 Compact Fluorescent Lamps
 Mercury Vapour Lamps
 Sodium Vapour Lamps
 Metal Halide Lamps

LED Lamps
© Confederation of Indian Industry
 Comparison Of Various Lamps
Type Watt Lumens Efficacy

GLS 100 1380 14

Fluorescent
. Conventional 40 2770 60
. Colour-80 series 36 3250 90
HPMV 250 13500 54
HPSV 250 27000 108
Metal halide 250 20000 80
CFL 20 1200 60
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 GLS - General Lighting
Service Lamps
Tungsten filament

Colour rendering - good

Suitable for dimming

Instantaneous operation

Low efficacy (14)

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 CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamps

High efficacy lamp (60)

Low Wattage - Less heat

dissipation

Long Life - 8000 - 10000

glowing hours

Highly suitable - living

rooms, lounges, corridors,
hotels and canteens

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 Comparison Of GLS & CFL

GLS Watts 40 60 100

Lumens 425 720 1380

CFL Watts 9 15 20

Lumens 400 900 1200

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 Technology Focus : Light Source

More lumens / watt

Higher Colour Rendering

Choice of Colour Appearance

Slimmer Dimensions

Longer life

Low Mercury Fluorescent T5

lamps

Ceramic Discharge Metal Halide

LED

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Energy Efficient Lighting
Good
T12, 38 mm
60 Lm/W

Better
T8, 26 mm
68 Lm/W

Best
T5, 16 mm
104 Lm/W

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From ‘TL’ To ‘TL8’ To‘TL’5

T12 38 mm
(40W)

T8 (36W)
26 mm

16 mm

T5 (28W)

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 Comparison -Life

20000 Best
FTL 28W
Hours T5, 16 mm dia

8000 Better
Hours FTL 36W
T8, 26 mm dia

5000 Good
Hours FTL 40W
T12, 38 mm dia

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Comparison –Colour Rendition

T12 T8 T5
65% 72% 85%

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 Energy Efficient Fluorescent Lamps
- T5 lamps

Latest – T-5 Lamps - 16 mm dia

Advantages
Efficacy – 104 Lumens / Watt
Power consumption – 28 Watts
Higher Colour rendering (CRI – 85)
Fitted with Electronic chokes
 High Intensity Discharge Lamps

Mercury Vapour Lamps

Sodium Vapour Lamps

Metal Halide Lamps

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 Comparison Of Various Lamps

Type Watt Lumens Efficacy

HPMV 250 13500 54

HPSV 250 27000 108
Metal halide 250 20000 80

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 Comparison of HPMV & HPSV

HPMV Watts 80 125 250 400

Lumens 3500 6250 13500 23000
HPSV Watts 70 150 250 400
Lumens 5800 13500 27000 47500

 High efficacy for HPSV - 108 Lumens / Watt

 Colour rendering – poor (<40)
 Godowns, Storage yards, ware House, Highways,
Flood lighting and Street Lighting
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Case Study - Replace HPMV Lamps
With HPSV Lamps

Street lighting, Yard lighting and some plant

area
 120 Nos. 250 Watts HPMV

Replaced by 120 Nos. 150 Watts HPSV
 Power Savings : 12 kW

Annual Savings : Rs.1.60 lakhs

Investment : Rs.2.00 lakhs
Payback : 15 Months
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 Metal Halide Lamps

Gas discharge lamps

Excellent colour rendering

High light output

Suitable for colour critical areas

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 Replacing MV Lamps with Metal
Halide Lamps

250 W MV lamps were in use – 55 Nos
Shop floor area
HPSV not suitable due to poor colour

Replaced with 150 W metal halide lamps

Annual Saving - Rs 0.84 Lakhs

Investment - Rs 1.5 Lakhs
Payback period - 22 Months

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 Lighting Control

Voltage reduction - Discharge Lighting

Optimum voltage for discharge lighting –
210 Volts

Reduction in voltage by - 15%
 Proportional drop in power consumption - 15%
 Insignificant drop in illumination level
 Only digital lux meters - measure the drop
(1 - 2%)

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 Options - Voltage Reduction

Dedicated Lighting Transformer - different tap

settings
Ideal at Design stage

Automatic voltage regulation
- servo stabilizer
Advantages
 Reduction in power consumption
 Increases - life of lamp

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 Case Study - Install Automatic Servo
Voltage Stabilizer In Lighting Feeder
Engineering Unit
Lighting load : 120 kW
Operating lighting voltage : 240 Volts

Auto voltage stabilizer (150 kVA) - Installed

Reduced voltage : 210 Volts
Power saving : 15 kW
Annual Savings : Rs.2.20 lakhs
Investment : Rs.1.50 lakhs
Payback : 9 Months
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Total Lighting Concept

The Right Light

At the Right place

At the Right Time

At the Right Cost

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 Other Opportunities in Lighting
Energy Conservation

Maximum utilisation of natural light

Combination of Day light & Artificial light
lamps

Natural Light Controlled by Motorised Blinds

Sensors to detect natural lighting & switch-
on artificial light

Providing limit switches in MCC rooms

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 Other Opportunities in Lighting
Energy Conservation

Use movement sensor and dimmer control

system, wherever required

Proper grouping of lights and proper

control system

Timer based on/off system or lux level

control for street lighting

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 Other Opportunities in Lighting Energy
Conservation

Cost Effective Option:

Employing proper

maintenance & cleaning

programmes

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 What is LED ?

LED

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 What is LED ?

LED
 A P-N junction diode that emits light when
current passes through it
 Can be produced in various colours
 Depends on semi-conducting material
 Depends on impurities added
 Only based on solid state lighting
 No glass or fragile material used

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 Advantages of LED

Longer life : 100,000 burning hours

Can withstand
 Vibrations
 Heat & cold climate

Lower power consumption
 1 Watt/LED

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 Advantages of LED

Low light loss in other directions

 More focussed light with special fixtures &
optics

Eco friendly
 Contains no pollutants like mercury

Reduced glare
 Increased road safety

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 Advantages of LED

Has single wave length light

 No insects are attracted

Draw back of LED technology

 High investment
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 Applications of LED

Indication lamps

Traffic signal lights

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 Applications of LED

Task lighting

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 Applications of LED

Automobile head lights

Building decoration

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 Applications of LED

Inside buildings

Aviation lamps

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 Applications of LED

Street lighting

Solar based
system for remote
area
 Mines

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 Comparison

Efficacy comparison – for street light

 HPSV : 90 – 120 Lum/W
 HPMV : 40 – 60 Lum/W
 Metal halide: 70 – 90 Lum/W
 LED : 150 Lum/W

Power consumption (W/Lum)

 HPSV : 0.0298 (1.93)
 HPMV : 0.0370 (2.4)
 LED : 0.0154 (1)

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 Comparison

Life (Burning hours)

 HPSV : 24,000
 HPMV : 12,000
 LED : 100,000

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Latest Technologies – Light Pipe

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Latest Technologies – Light Pipe

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Latest Technologies – Light Pipe

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Latest Technologies – Light Pipe

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 Latest Technologies – Fibre Optics

Fibre Optics
 Popular in medical field
 Used for lighting in operation theatres
 Same concept applicable for other
applications

Fibre optics in combination with solar
PV – an excellent choice

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Latest Technologies – Fibre Optics

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 Thank you
© Confederation of Indian Industry