Overview

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death both in the UK and
worldwide. CHD is sometimes called ischaemic heart disease.

Symptoms of CHD
The main symptoms of CHD are:

 angina (chest pain)

 heart attacks

 heart failure

However, not everyone has the same symptoms and some people may not have any before
CHD is diagnosed.

Read about symptoms of coronary heart disease.

Causes of coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease is the term that describes what happens when your heart's blood
supply is blocked or interrupted by a build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries.

Over time, the walls of your arteries can become furred up with fatty deposits. This process is
known as atherosclerosis and the fatty deposits are called atheroma.

Atherosclerosis can be caused by lifestyle factors and other conditions, such as:

 smoking

 high cholesterol

 high blood pressure (hypertension)

 diabetes

Read about the causes of coronary heart disease.

Diagnosing coronary heart disease

 If your doctor feels you're at risk of CHD, they may carry out a risk assessment. This
involves asking about your medical and family history, your lifestyle and taking a blood test.

Further tests may be needed to confirm a diagnosis of CHD, including:

 a treadmill test

 a radionuclide scan

 a CT scan

 an MRI scan

 a coronary angiography

Read about diagnosing coronary heart disease.

Treating coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease can't be cured but treatment can help manage the symptoms and
reduce the chances of problems such as heart attacks.

Treatment can include:

 lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and stopping smoking

 medication

 angioplasty - using balloons and stents to treat narrow heart arteries

 surgery

Read about treating coronary heart disease.

Recovering from the effects of CHD

If you have a heart attack or have had angioplasty or heart surgery, it's possible to eventually
resume a normal life.

Advice and support is available to help you deal with aspects of your life that may have been
affected by CHD.
 Read about recovering from the effects of coronary heart disease.

Preventing CHD
You can reduce your risk of getting CHD by making some simple lifestyle changes. These
include:

 eating a healthy, balanced diet

 being physically active

 giving up smoking

 controlling blood cholesterol and sugar levels

Keeping your heart healthy will also have other health benefits, such as helping reduce your
risk of stroke and dementia.

Read about preventing coronary heart disease.

The heart
The heart is a muscle about the size of your fist. It pumps blood around your body and beats
approximately 70 times a minute. After the blood leaves the right side of the heart, it goes to
your lungs where it picks up oxygen.

The oxygen-rich blood returns to your heart and is then pumped to the body's organs through
a network of arteries. The blood returns to your heart through veins before being pumped
back to your lungs again. This process is called circulation.

The heart gets its own supply of blood from a network of blood vessels on the heart's surface
called coronary arteries.