INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY (IJRT)
2394-9007
Vol. V, No. II, April 2018
Review on Converter Topologies for Grid
Synchronization of Solar Panel
Suraj Kumar, Aditi Sahu
Abstract— For existing energy crisis solar energy are the
proven solution. The power electronic converters are efficiently
harnessing the electricity from sun irradiations. With the
development in converter technologies, solar panel can be
integrated in an efficient manner. The solar panel can be
integrated with single stage and dual stage topology with the
existing power system. This paper presents the review on various
topologies for grid synchronization of the solar energy system.
DC-DC converter and DC-AC converter for both single stage and
dual stage grid integrated solar system are studied.
Keywords: Solar Panel, Grid Integration, Renewable Energy
Sources (RES), Single Stage Converter (SSC), Dual Stage
Converter (DSC).
I. INTRODUCTION
The electricity generation from renewable energy sources
(RES) has grown a lot in recent decades. Growing power
demand is confronting a major test for taking care of the heap
demand mainly at peak hours. Power utilities are vigorously
relying upon non-renewable energy sources because of
restricted assets of non-sustainable power source age. In this
manner analysts and researchers are looking towards some
distributed generators (DGs) to supply additional power at
crest hours of vitality bend. Sun oriented power gives them an
additional sniff to take care of the peak demand in that period.
As an outcome grid tied sunlight based Photovoltaic (PV)
framework gets the eyes of analysts and industrialist
principally to reduce the weight of petroleum product vitality
age. Single stage or two stage PV frameworks are appropriate
for interconnection with or without battery reinforcement.
Two fold phase framework is by and large recommended for
viable applications as it holds an advantage of power quality
assessment. This article exhibits an extensive survey on
network tied sun based PV framework. The total engineering
of the grid tied PV framework incorporates the development
of PV panel, MPPT techniques, DC-DC converters, Inverters
and control calculations.
Manuscript received on April, 2018.
Suraj Kumar, Research Scholar, Department of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering, Trinity Institute of Technology & Research, Bhopal, M.P., India.
Prof. Aditi Sahu, Asst. Professor, Department of Electrical & Electronics
Engineering, Trinity Institute of Technology & Research, Bhopal, M.P., India.
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Diverse control methods and topologies with only one
converter their benefits and two converters for lattice tied
frameworks system in this paper are altogether inspected.
Distinctive topologies and control techniques for grid tied PV
framework are considered completely to legitimize the
capability of network tied PV framework. Normally, grid-
connected PV systems can be deployed by means of single-
stage (S-S) or double-stage (D-S) power conversion [2], [3].
S-S PV systems are usually composed of only a grid-tied
inverter (dc/ac converter) [4]–[9]. In this case, the PV array is
directly connected to the dc-bus of the grid-tied inverter. On
the other hand, in D-S PV systems, an additional dc/dc
converter is placed between the PV array and the inverter
[10]–[12]. In grid-connected photovoltaic systems, a key
consideration in the design and operation of inverters is how
to achieve high efficiency with power output for various
modes of operation.
The requirements for inverter connection include:
maximum power point, high efficiency, control power injected
into the grid, and low total harmonic distortion of the currents
injected into the grid. This paper focuses on comprehensive
review to combine the different topological aspects of the
synchronized PV system, which can be useful for power
quality improvement as well assessment of utility grid. This
study is useful to find the research gap in PV integration using
power electronics converters.
II. SINGLE STAGE GRID TIED PV SYSTEM
This is the most commonly used topology having simple
designing features. The state of the art of designing is, in
single stage system the DC output of the solar panel is directly
connected to the DC/AC converter for grid integration. This
single converter performs all the function of MPPT algorithm,
regulates the DC output voltage and convert the Dc output into
equivalent single phase or three phase AC and also
synchronize the PV panel with the utility grid. As shown in
Fig.1.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY (IJRT) ISSN No. 2394-9007
Vol. V, No. II, April 2018 www.ijrtonline.org
TABLE I: COMPARISON BETWEEN SINGLE & DUAL STAGE

Single Stage Dual Stage

In S-S, PV systems are In D-S PV systems, an

DC-AC usually composed of only additional dc/dc converter is
CONVERTER a grid-tied inverter placed between the PV array
(dc/ac converter). and the inverter.
The PV array is directly In between PV array and
connected to the dc-bus inverter a DC-DC converter
Fig. 1: General architecture of SS grid tied PV system of the grid-tied inverter. is connected.

III. DUAL STAGE GRID TIED PV SYSTEM The task to perform the the maximum power point
MPPT is assumed by the tracking
The complete power circuit scheme of the proposed Dual
grid-tied inverter. (MPPT) is performed by the
stage grid tied system comprises of three phase four wire PV
dc/dc converter.
system. To obtain desired DC voltage the generated output of
the PV panel is boost using DC-DC boost converter. This Cost effective, but Complex control but high
configuration is then connected to the DC to AC converter and efficiency degrades efficiency can be achieve
their respective passive filtering elements, and three single-
phase coupling transformers employed to connect the series
inverter to the grid, as shown in Fig. 2. IV. PV CONVERTERS
Although PV systems are emerging as power solution to meet
the increased demand of electricity, but the reliability and
robustness of the PV panel is always questionable. A proper
converter technology must be used to rectify the shortcomings
like intermittent nature low efficiency, high harmonic content
etc. of PV system. In this section a brief review on various
converter topologies which can be employed for grid
integration of solar system has been presented.
Two classes of converters form the soul of the solar
power. One is Dc to Dc converter and another is Dc to Ac
converter. The main function of Dc/Dc converter is to regulate
the DC output voltage of the solar array. In literature broadly
four types of Dc-Dc converter are mentioned as classified in
Fig. 2: Dual Stage Grid Connected Three Phase Solar Photovoltaic Fig. 3. Many converters have also been developed by
System researcher using these basic types for specific applications like
In literature broadly two types of solar energy generation fly back converter, isolated converter, etc.
system is proposed for grid integration single stage and dual DC-DC converter
Grid-
stage, here is the comparison between them (as shown in Noninteractive
Table-1). The distributed generation source, without storage, Cuck converter
is composed of a PV array, which is formed by a single string Boost converter Buck converter
Buck-Boost The Cuck converter is a
converter type of DC-DC converter
with parallel and series-connected PV panels, through which This is a converter This is a converter
The buck–boost where a
direct connection between the PV array and the dc-bus of the whose output whose output
converter is a type negative polarity output
voltage is greater voltage is smaller
of DC-DC converter may be desired with
inverters using boost converter as the interfacing medium. than the than the
that has an output respect to the
input voltage and input voltage and
The PV system is designed to operate with dc-bus voltage output current is output current is
voltage magnitude common terminals of the
that is either greater input voltage and the
reference vdc determined by the DC-DC boost converter. The smaller than the larger than the
than or less than the average
input input
output of the DC converter is fed to AC converter. The DC- current. current.
input voltage output is either higher or
magnitude. lower than the dc input
AC converter has two inputs one from DC converter fed to PI voltage.
controller and another input extracted from three phase AC Fig. 3: Classification of Dc converters
supply of utility grid fed to abc-dq0 transform.
Ac to Dc converters is used to convert dc output into
equivalent ac output. Depending upon the types of grid tied
PV system topology (SS/DS), converter can be only one
which can perform the function of both the converters DC-DC

Impact Factor: 4.012 12

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY (IJRT)
Vol. V, No. II, April 2018
and DC-AC and could be separate converters one DC-DC and
one inverter. Broadly application oriented inverters are
classified as;
1. Single phase voltage source inverters:
a. Single phase bridge inverters.
b. Steady state analysis of single phase inverters.
c. Modified McMurray half bridge inverters.
d. Modified McMurray full bridge inverters.
e. Modified McMurray Bedford half bridge inverters.
f. Modified McMurray-Bedford full bridge inverters.
2. Three phase bridge inverters:
a. Three phase 180 degree mode VSI.
b. Three phase 120 degree mode VSI.
3. Voltage control in single phase inverters:
a. External control of ac output voltage.
b. External control of dc output voltage.
c. Internal control of inverter.
4. Pulse width modulated inverter:
a. Single pulse modulation.
b. Multiple pulse modulations.
c. Sinusoidal pulse modulation.
d. Realization of PWM in single phase bridge inverter.
5. Reduction of Harmonics in the inverter output voltage:
a. Harmonic reduction by PWM.
b. Harmonic reduction by transformer connections.
c. Harmonic reduction by steppe wave inverters.
6. Current Source Inverter:
a. Single phase CSI with ideal switch.
b. Single phase capacitor commutated CSI with R load.
c. Single phase auto sequential commutated inverter.
Inverters form the most important component of grid tied PV
system since the output generated from the solar array is
variable DC which is regulated with the help of MPPT
techniques and converters convert it into the synchronizable
AC form. Converters are the most complicated system of the
solar power since it involves various control system for
regulating the output, mitigation of harmonic, filters for ripple
free output current, reduction of THD, synthesis of output
power and many more. A lot of research has been carried out
and still researchers are trying to improve the performance of
PV system by proper synthesis of converter design.
V. CONCLUSION
Synthesis and controlling output of power electronic
converters forms the most important part of grid tied solar
energy system. This paper presents the comprehensive review
on various converter topologies both DC-DC and AC-DC used
to design a grid tied PV system. Architectural design of both
single stage and dual stage grid tied PV system is also
presented and compared.
Impact Factor: 4.012
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ISSN No. 2394-9007
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