Name Per, Poster Project Instructions Each group will make one large, neat poster that includes everything below. You have been assigned two sets of data. One set is unique to your group and one set is common to everyone in the class. You will be graphing both sets of data, making a poster, and showing your finished product to the class. 1. Make a large, neat poster that includes the following: ‘Two graphs (from data on your handout). i. You may be able to use one graph with two lines, or you may need to create two distinct graphs. Make rough draft graphs first so you get a feel for what they will look like. Make the graphs large enough to see from the back of the class when you are in the front. Graph your unique data. /. Graph the CO> data. b. Predictions (predict the future using your graphs) i. Together as a group, examine the graphs you have made. Ji, Through a group discussion, develop a prediction about where the values from your graphs ‘might be heading in the future. li, Summarize your findings neatly on your poster, large enough for the class to see. How the data is gathered (from internet search) i. Use the internet to find out how the scientists gathered the data that you graphed. You ‘may want to begin with the websites provided on the sheet with your data. ji, Summarize your findings neatly on your poster, large enough for the class to see. d._ Impacts (internet search) i, Start with the Koshland Science Museum Earth Lab website. Select the tab “impacts”. httos://www.koshland-science-museum.org/explore-the-science/earth-lab/impacts. ii, Explore possible consequences and impacts of climate change to life on our planet . ‘Summarize your findings neatly on your poster, large enough for the class to see, fe. Responses (mitigation — internet search) i, Research the changes we could make to reduce the effects of climate change on our world. Use the Koshland Science Museum Earth Lab website, Select the tab “Responses”. httos://www. Koshland. science-museum.org/explore-the-science/earth-lab/responses Summarize your findings neatly on your poster, large enough for the class to see, 2. Prepare for your poster walk Everyone in the class will walk around and take notes on the posters. a, Get out a blank piece of paper and number 1 through 8 leaving 4 lines between numbers. b. You will write down the following information from each poster: What is the graph about? What is the future trend? What are the impacts? c. Tum in your notes at the end of the poster walk.Lower stratosphere temperature anomalies (measured relative to 1979 levels) Anomalies means the temperatures are listed as above or below a reference value. The reference value for this data is the stratosphere temperature in 1979. Negative numbers indicate surface temperatures below the average and positive numbers indicate surface temperatures above the average. For example, in 1978, the temperature was 0.195 °C below the 1979 temperature, Year Stratosphere Year Stratosphere Year Stratosphere Temperature Temperature Temperature Anomalies Anomalies Anomalies (°C) (°C) (°C) 1958 0.257 1976 0.167 1992 0.095 4960 | (0.085 1978 0.195 1994 -0.996 1962 0.049 1979 0 1996 1,298 1964 0.616 1980 -0.087 1998 =1.169 1966 0.005 1982 0.452 2000 =1.307 1968 =0.105 1984 -0.361 2002 =1.045 1970 0.017 1986 -0.504 2004 1.483 1972 -0.128 1988 0.573 2006 13 1974 0.252 1990 0.505 Data gathered by Satellites and radiosondes and reported by on the NOAA website. Atmospheric CO) in parts per million 57 ppm means that out of every one million molecules of dry air, 57 of them are carbon dioxide Year (Oa (ppm) Year CO; (ppm) Year CO; (ppm) 1880 56.97 1930 57.21 1975 57.60 1885 57.00 1935 57.25 1980 57.64 1890 57.02 1940 57.26 1985 57.85 7900 57.04 1945 57.26 1990 57.98 1905 57.07 1950 57.27 1995 58.08 1910 57.10 1955 57.32 2000 58.22 1915 |__57.12 1960 | 57.36 2005 58.40 1920 87.15 1965 57.42. 2010 58.50 1925 57.19 1970 37.50 “| ‘Suggested sites - how data is gathered: (Enter to these sites in address bar of your favorite browser) Satellite temperature measurements - wikipedia inttp:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_temperature_measurements (Also see Wikipedia on the Stratospheric Sounding Unit and the Microwave Sounding Unit) Determining Past CO2 Levels - NEWTON Ask A Scientist www.newton dep.anl.goviaskasci/env99/env99408.htmGlacier Mass Balance Glacier mass balance is the difference between the amount of snow and ice accumulation on the glacier and the amount of snow and ice ablation (melting and sublimation) lost from the glacier. This is just like your bank account with accumulation being deposits and ablation being withdraws. A glacier with a sustained negative balance is out of equilibrium and will retreat. Year Glacier Mass | Year Glacier Mass | Year | Glacier Mass Balance Balance Balance Ks (mm wee) (mm w.e) (mm w.e) 3852 =230 1907 ~234 1962 184 1857 =230 1912 =286 1967 =161 1862 =246 1917 =287 1972 187 1867 =246 1922, | —-348 197 =289 1872 =239 1927 =387 1982 =306 1877 =240 1932 =377 1987 369 1882 =275 1937 =362 1992 =369 1887 =A77 1942 416 1997 =559 4892 =289 1947 “AIT 2002 =911 1897 |__—-186 1952 =351 2007 =T44 \asy Atmospheric CO; in parts per million For example, 57 ppm means that out of every one million molecules of dry air, 57 of them are carbon dioxide. Year CO; (ppm) ‘Year CO, (ppm) Year CO; (ppm) 1880 56.97 71930 87.21 1975 87.60 1885 57.00 71935 87.25 1980 57.64 1890 57.02 1940 57.26 1985 57.85 1900 57.04 1945 57.26 7990 |. 57.98 1905 57.07 1950 57.27 1995 58.08 1910 57.10 1955 57.32 2000 58.22 1915 57.12 1960 57.36 2005 58.40 1920 57.15 7965 57.42 2010 58.50 1925 57.19 1970 57.50 Suggested sites — how data is gathered: (Enter to these sites in address bar of your favorite browser) Glacier Mass Balance Study - Adventurers and Scientists for http:/www.adventureandscience.org/mass-balance.htm! Determining Past CO2 Levels - NEWTON Ask A Scientist www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/env99/env99408.htmOcean Heat content (10 J), upper 700 m (measured relative to the average between 1993 and 2009) The ocean heat content is reported as a comparison above or below the average ocean heat content from 1993 to 2009. Negative numbers indicate heat content below this average and positive numbers indicate heat content above the average. For example, in 1975, ocean heat content was 5.2 x 10 J below the 1993 to 2009 average. To help you understand the units, 10°? Joules is the amount of energy in about 80,000,000,000,000 gallons of gas¢ e. Year Upper Ocean Year Upper Ocean Year | Upper Ocean Heat Content Heat Content Heat Content (107 J) (107 J) (107 J) 1955. -78 1975 52 1995 14 1957 1977 =33 1997 09 1959 1979 46 1999 17 1964 1981 =39 2001 06 1963 1983 65 2003 60 1965 4985 =35 2005 68 1967 1987 =51 2007 64 1969 1989 =3.0 2009 69 1974 1991 a5 1973 1993 35 Atmospheric CO, in parts per million* For example, 57 ppm means that out of every one million molecules of dry air, 57 of them are carbon dioxide. Year ‘CO; (ppm) Year CO; (ppm) Year CO, (ppm) 1880 56.97 1930 37.21 1975 87.60 1885 57.00 1935 57.25 1980 57.64 1890 57.02 1940 87.26 1985 57.85 1900 57.04 1945 57.26 1990 57.98 1905 57.07 1950 57.27 1995 58.08 1910 57.10 1955 57.32 2000 58.22 1915 57.12 1960 57.36 2005 58.40 1920 87.15 1965 57.42 2010 58.50 | 1925 57.19 1970 57.50 57 ppm means that out of every one million molecules of dry air, 57 of them are carbon dioxide ‘Suggested sites - how data is gathered: (Enter to these sites in address bar of your favorite browser) Oceans heating up faster now htips://www.skepticalscience.cony than in the past 10, 0 years ... Determining Past CO? Levels - NEWTON Ask A Scientist www newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/env99/env99408.htm Voceans-heating-up-faster-than-past-10000-years. htmlAverage sea level height (mm) (measured relative to the average height from 1961-1990") Sea level changes every year. There is no normal. Scientists agreed to measure all sea levels, using the average sea level between 1961 and 1990 as zero. Negative numbers indicate sea levels below this average and positive numbers indicate surface temperatures above the average. For example, in 1970, sea level was 13 mm below zero, that is, 13 mm below the average value. Year Sea Level Year Sea Level Year Sea Level (mm) | (mm) (mm) 1870 -134 1920 -92 1970 13 1875 = 137 1925 =100 1975 6 1880 = 125 1930 =89 1980 9 1885 =124 1935 =80 1985 9 1890 -119 1940 -76 1990 22 1895 -105 1945 -61 1995 39 1900 -106 1950 ~45 2000 | 43 1905 =107 1955 =33 2005 70 | 1910 =104 1960 =24 2010 82 1915 =83 1965 =14 “The average 1961-1990 height = 0 mm, Data is from IPCC. Atmospheric CO, in parts per million For example, 57 ppm means that out of every one million molecules of dry air, 57 of them are carbon dioxide. Year ‘CO; (ppm) Year CO; (ppm) Year ‘CO; (ppm) 1880 56.97 1930 87.21 1975 57.60 1885 57.00 1935 87.25 1980 57.64 1890 57.02 71940 57.26 1985. 57.85 71900 57.04 1945 57.26 1990 57.98 1905 57.07 1950 57.27 1995 58.08 1910 57.10 1955 57.32 2000 58.22 1915 57.12 1960 57.36 2005 58.40 1920 57.15 1965 57.42 2010 58.50 1925 57.19 1970 57.50 ‘Suggested sites - how data is gathered: (Enter to these sites in address bar of your favorite browser) Modeling Sea Level Rise | Leam Science at Scitable - Nature http:/www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/modeling-sea-level-rise-25857988 Determining Past CO2 Levels - NEWTON Ask A Scientist www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/env99/env99408.htmOcean surface temperature anomalies (°C) (measured relative to the average of temperatures from 1961 — 1990) Anomalies means the temperatures are comparisons to a reference value. The reference value for this data is the average of the ocean surface temperatures from 1961 to 1990. Negative numbers indicate surface temperatures below the average and positive numbers indicate surface temperatures above the average. For example, in 1910, ocean surface temperatures were 0.37 °C below the average of the temperatures from 1961 to 1990. ‘Year ] Ocean Year Ocean Year Ocean Temperature Temperature Temperature Anomalies Anomalies Anomalies (°C) ec) ec) 1860 =0.28 1910 =0.37 1960 0.02 1865 | -0.26 1915 -0.06 1965 -0.15 1870 =0.27 1920 =0.17 1970 =0.03 1875, -0.24 1925 0.2 1975 0.18 1880 =0.23 1930 ~0.08 1980 0.08 1885 =0.15 1935 =0.12 1985 =0.02 1890 -0.26 1940. 0.03 1990 0.20 1895 =0.16 1945 0.09 1995 0.20 1900" 0.913 1950 0.13 2000 0.20 Atmospheric CO; in parts per million For example, 57 ppm means that out of every one million molecules of dry air, 57 of them are carbon dioxide Year ‘Ca (ppm) Year €O; (ppm) ‘Year ‘CO; (ppm) 1880" * 56.97 * 1930 57.21 1975 57.60 1885 - * 57.00 ~ 1935 57:25 1980 57.64 1890" 57.02 1940 57.26 1985 57.85 79007 57.04 1945 57.26 1990 57.98 1905 = 57.07 1950 57.27 1995 58.08 1910 57.10 1955 57.32. 2000 58.22 1915 57.12 1960 57.36 2005 58.40 1920 57.15 1965 57.42 2010 58.50 1925 57.19 1970 57.50 ‘Suggested sites - how data is gathered: (Enter to these sites in address bar of your favorite browser) ‘Temperature - NASA Science - Science@NASA iittp://science1.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/physical-ocean/temperature/ Determining Past CO2 Levels - NEWTON Ask A Scientist ‘www,newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/env99/env99408. htmAverage Air Temperature (°C) Anomalies Above Land Surfaces (measured relative to 8.7°C which is the average of the temperatures from 1961 — 1990) Anomalies means the temperatures are comparisons to a reference value. The reference value for this data is 8.7°C, which is the average of the air temperatures from 1961 to 1990. Negative numbers indicate temperatures below the average and positive numbers indicate temperatures above the average. For example, in 1970, the air was (on average) 0.05°C below the average value of the temperatures from 1961 to 1990. Year Air Year Air Year ‘Air Temperature Temperature Temperature Anomalies (°C Anomalies (°C) ‘Anomalies (°C) 1880 -0.17 1925 =0.24 1970 0.05 1885 0.29 1930 0.12 1975 0.11 1890 0.28 1935, 0.17 1980 0.19 1895 0.38 1940 0.05 1985 0.03 1900) 0.12 1945 0.10 1990 0.39 1905 0.33, 1950 0.26 1995, 06 [1910 0.28 1955 =0.17 2000 on 1915 0.08 | 1960 -0.11 2005 068 | 1920 0.26 1965, =0.24 2009 082 Atmospheric CO; in parts per million For example, 57 ppm means that out of every one-million molecules of dry air, 57 are carbon dioxide. 150 yeots __ Year CO; (ppm) Year €O; (ppm) Year CO; (ppm) 1880 56.97 1930 57.21 1975 57.60 1885 57.00 1935, 97.25 1980 | ‘57.64 1890 57.02 1940 57.26 1985, 57.85 1900 57.04 1945 57.26 1930 57.98 1905, 57.07, 1950 57.27 1995, 58.08 3910 57.10 1955 57.32 2000 58.22 3915 57.12 1960 57.36 2005 58.40 1920 57.15 1965, 57.42 2010 58.50 1925 57.19 1970 57.50 ‘Suggested sites - how data is gathered: (Enter to these sites in address bar of your favorite browser) data giss.nasa.govigistempr Determining Past CO2 Levels - NEWTON Ask A Scientist___www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/ env99/env99408.htmExtent of Arctic Sea Ice in September (mil ions of square km) The arctic sea ice data was obtained by satellite. Year Sea lce Year Sea Ice Year Sea ice (10° km?) (10° km?) (10° km?) 1955 8.42 1980 7.73 [2005 5.54 1960 7.84 1985 6.66 2010 4.93 1965 9.07 1990 6.15 2013 5.35 1970 8.81 1995 61 1975 8.23 2000 6.22 Atmospheric CO; in parts per million For example, 57 ppm means that out of every one-million molecules of dry air, 57 are carbon dioxide Year CO; (ppm) Year CO; (ppm) Year ‘CO; (ppm) 1880 56.97 1930 57.21 1975 57.60 1885 57.00 1935 57.25 1980. 57.64 1890. 57.02 1940 57.26 1985 57.85 1900 57.04 1945, 57.26 1990 57.98 1905 57.07 1950 57.27 1995 58.08 1910 57.10 1955, 57.32 2000 58.22 1915 57.12 1960 57.36 2005 58.40 1920 57.15 1965 57.42 2010 58.50 1925 57.19 1970 57.50 Suggested sites — how data is gathered: (Enter to these sites in address bar of your favorite browser) Sea Ice : Feature Articles - NASA Earth Observatory http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Sealce/page2.php Determining Past CO2 Levels - NEWTON Ask A Scientist www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/env99/env99408.htmMean Earth Albedo, Earth’s Reflectance (as measured by Earthshine reflected from the moon) Albedo is the brightness of the surface of the earth. Itis a ratio, so is always a number between 0 and 4. A surface with an albedo of 0 is completely and does not reflect any light. A surface with an albedo of 1 reflects all of the light that shines upon it. For example, snow has an albedo of about 0.85 to 0.80 and asphalt has an albedo of 0.05 to 0.10. Why would a low albedo contribute to the warming of the earth? Year Albedo Year Albedo Year Albedo 1984 0.318 1992 0.310 2000 0.303 1985 0.326 1993 0.314 2001 0.305 1986 0.321 1994 0.307 2002 0.305 1987 0.314 1995 0.304 2003 | 0.315 1988 0.320 1996 0.295 2004 | 0.298 71989 0.313 1997 0.299 2006 0.302 1990 0.318 1998 0.299 2008 0.308 1991 0.315 1999 0.300) By intentionally changing the Earth's albedo, or reflectivity, scientists propose that we could reflect more heat back out into space, or intercept sunlight before it reaches the Earth through a literal shade built in space. A 0.5% albedo increase would roughly halve the warming effect of doubling the CO. Atmospheric CO; in parts per million For example, 57 ppm means that out of every one-million molecules of dry air, 57 are carbon dioxide, Year CO; (ppm) Year CO2 (ppm) Year CO; (ppm) 1880 56.97 1930 57.21 1975 57.60, 1885 57.00 1935 57.25 1980 57.64 71890 57.02 7940 57.26 1985 | 97.85 1900 57.04 1945 57.26 1990 | 57.98 1905 37.07 1950 ‘87.27 1995 58.08 7910 87.10 1955 87.32 2000 58.22 1915 57.12 1960 357.36 2005 58.40 7920 87.15 1965 87.42 2010 58.50 1925 57.19 1970 57.50 Suggested sites - how data is gathered: (Enter to these sites in address bar of your favorite browser) Reflecting on Earth's albedo / Observing the Earth http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Reflecting_on_Earth_s_albedo Determining Past CO, Levels - NEWTON Ask A Scientist www.newton.dep.ani.gov/askasci/env89/env99408.htm