RMS 102 CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY

STUDIO

PROJECT 2: WASTE MANAGEMENT

‘SCHOOL OF ARTS, USM’

SUPERVISED BY
PROF. DR. NOR’AINI BINTI YUSUF
SR. DR ATASYAH BINTI OSMADI
DR. SITI SALWA BINTI MOHD ISHAK
DR. ZUL ZAKIYUDDIN AHMAD RASHID

NAME MATRIC WORK PART

NUMBER
1. AFIQA FITRIA BT. ADLAN 136786 ADRRESSING THE
CHOONG LARGEST WASTE
GENERATORS,
INTRODUCTION,
CONCLUSION
2. SHARON GOH CHIAH LEE 136915 WASTE MANAGEMENT
IDEAS
3. MUHAMMAD ZAKWAN B. 136869 BENEFITS AND
MUSTAFA KAMAL DISADVANTAGES
4. SITI NAJIHA BT. ABDUL RAZAK 136918 THE LOCATION OF
WASTE BIN
5. MOHD SYUKRI B. FAISOL 136065 WASTE TARGET AND
WASTE COLLECTION
SCHEDULE
6. SITI NUR AZMINA BT. 136920 THE REQUIRED
MOHAMMAD NASIR CAPACITY OF THE BINS
TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE

1. 1.0 Introduction 1
2. 2.0 Addressing the largest waste generators 2
3. 3.0 Waste management ideas 3-5
4. 4.0 Waste target 6
5. 5.0 The required capacity of the bins 7-10
6. 6.0 The location of waste bin 11-12
7. 7.0 Waste collection time schedule 13-15
8. 8.0 Advantages and disadvantages of our proposal 16-17
9. 9.0 Conclusion 18

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

In today’s world “waste” is a global environmental issue which creates significant

health and environmental risk. The term waste relates to materials produced by human activity.
Waste management can contain solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances. In its vision to
become a sustainability, USM has embraced a whole system sustainability transition which
means that we will mainstream sustainability at all levels integrating social, economic and
environmental aspects. Sustainable development is the best option for growth that meets the
needs of the present while safeguarding Earth’s life supporting system on which the welfare of
the current and future generations depends on.

Our group have chosen Schools of Arts, USM as our project site. School of Arts
basically have 6 majors which are Drama and Theatre, Graphic Communication, New Media,
Fine Art, Music and Product Design. Generally, each major will produce different types of
waste. Waste is generated due to students’ workshop or study purpose. The school mostly will
generate recyclable waste because the students are advised to use recyclable materials as their
priority in doing projects and all of the tasks in order to reach sustainable concept.

School of Arts, USM

Figure 1

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2.0 ADDRESSING THE LARGEST WASTE GENERATORS

Based on the interview session with the staffs. A generator is any person by site whose
act or process produces waste identified. The total numbers of students and staffs at the School
of Arts, USM are 735. The academic staffs are the lecturers. While, the Non-academic staffs
are the admin, technical and workshop assistants. Based on the interview session with the staffs
and cleaner, students are the largest waste generators at School of Arts, USM. This is because
the number of students were the highest among to the lecturers and staffs. Students will provide
more wastes as they are having workshop, projects, studio and meals at the School of Arts.

Students Staffs Total

650 Academic Non-academic 735
40 45
Table 1: The number of students and staffs at the School of Arts, USM

Based on the interview session with the staffs and students. There are 6 main majors at
School of Arts which are Drama, Graphic, New Media, Fine Art, Music and Product Design.
Product Design dispose the most waste at School of Arts compare to the others major. Product
Design explores the design processes through which a product is conceived, developed,
fabricated, and marketed. Product Design produce wastes such as Plywood, Paper, Aluminium,
Metal Wire, Ceramic Clay, Cardboard, Food Waste and others.

The examples ideas for the students of Product Design to reduce waste. Firstly, all the
students need to separate the general waste and recyclable waste before they throw away. Then,
they should join any exhibition or campaign in USM that related about the importance of waste
management to raise their awareness of it. Moreover, students can also reuse the waste around
the school by collecting all the recyclable waste to do for their new project or task.

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3.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT IDEAS

There are three waste management ideas that we are going to propose to the School of
Arts, USM based on the issues that we found in the school. By using these ideas, the waste of
the school can manage to be more organize in order to attain the sustainability concept.

i. Separating the waste

The first waste management idea is by separating the waste. To separate the waste, the
school must provide sufficient waste bins such as general waste bins and recycle bins for
different types of waste, and make sure the right bins are used for the right purpose. The recycle
bins can be separated into three types of bins such as paper, glass and plastic to dispose different
types of recyclable waste.

In the School of Arts, only solid waste can be found. There are two types of solid waste
which are the organic waste and inorganic waste. The organic waste like food scraps, plants
and lawn clippings must be separated from the other inorganic waste like paper, aluminium
cans and glass bottles, then collect it at the compost heap and the waste bins respectively.
Furthermore, the inorganic waste can be further classified into dry-mix recyclable waste such
as food tins and drink cans, mixed paper and plastic bottles, whereas general waste are pens
and markers, non-compostable food container and others.

There are four general recyclable waste which are paper, plastic bottles, cans and glass.
Before trash any waste into the waste bin, the waste should be organized well. For paper recycle
bin, only wrapping paper, mails and envelopes, newspaper, clean papers can be trashed into
the bin, but the coated papers and wax paper cannot be trashed into the bin. For plastic bottles
recycle bin, the bottles should be rinsed off before trashed into the bin. However, the yogurt
pots, sandwich wrappers and crisp packets is not allowed to trash into the bin. For cans recycle
bin, the drink cans should be rinse off before trashed into the bin, but the aerosol sprays are
excepted. For glass recycle bin, make sure the glass bottles are clean before trashed into the
bin, but the drinking glass, Pyrex glass and crockery cannot be recycled.

ii. Reuse, Reduce and Recycle the Waste (3R Concept)

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 The second waste management idea is reuse, reduce and recycle the waste. The School
of Arts can practice reusing the waste around the school by collecting all the recyclable waste.
Besides, the school can also practice reducing the amount of waste by avoid sending the waste
to the landfill. Landfills can cause a lot of environmental problems, such as unpleasant smells,
contaminants and toxins leeching into the water and air. Moreover, the school can educate the
staff and students about using the alternative ways of disposing the waste, such as recycling,
reusing and composting. Recyclable waste such as glass, paper and cardboard need to be
recycled. So, the school should make sure the recycle bins are used correctly and that the items
are clean when they trash into the bin. The students and staff should be educated about the
importance of recycling the waste. For example, some local councils will help the school to set
up recycling programmes and educate them.

There are several ways to practice reuse the waste. Firstly, students can collect all the
paper scraps and turn them into note-pads or draft paper. Students and staff can create a paper
supply exchange for notebooks and other paper products a person no longer use. Students can
also re-purpose the recyclable items into a new product by using their creative ways.

Besides, waste can also be reduced by using different method. Lecturers, staff and
students begin to reduce the waste by using the duplex printing. Lectures and students only
print what is absolutely necessary to reduce the wastage of paper. Lecturers begin to assign
work that does not need to be written. Lecturers use a smartboard or chalkboard to deliver the
written construction during their lectures. Students are required to submit their assignments
digitally rather than in print.

There are ways to recycle the waste. Firstly, students and staff should practice collecting
and recycle all the recyclable materials. Next, the school can organize a recycling competition
to encourage the students and staff to recycle the waste. The school can also encourage the
lecturers, students and staff to purchase the paper made from recycled paper.

It is very important to practice the 3R concept in our daily life because it can help to
prevent pollution by reducing the need to harvest the new raw materials. By practicing the 3R
concept, it can also help to save energy and money. The green house gas emissions that
contribute to the global climate change can be reduced indirectly and it help to sustain the

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environment for future generations. Furthermore, the amount of waste that will need to be
recycled or sent to the landfills or incinerators can be reduced and allow the products to be used
to their fullest extent.

iii. Waste Reduction Activities

The third waste management idea is to organize the waste reduction activities. It can
help to create awareness among the students, lecturers and staff about the importance of waste
reduction. In addition, it can help to attain the sustainability goals of the school by reducing the
amount of waste generated. It can also encourage the students, lecturers and staff to practice a
good waste management behaviour in order to save the environment.

There are several different types of activities that can be conducted in the school. First
of all, the awareness activities such as waste awareness week can be organized by the school
by assigning the students to make posters, write poems or newspaper articles to build their
responsibilities towards waste management. Secondly, the school can also organize a clean-up
campaign by adopting the areas which are near to the school for clean-up to enhance the
relationship between the school and the community. The school itself can also come up with
an environmental calendar of events.

Since it is the School of Arts, they can come out with the ideas of making the artefacts
from waste. For example, students can make some handicrafts from bottle tops, plastic
containers and bins from empty soft drinks cans to promote the theme of “Converting the Trash
to Cash”. Besides, the school can also set up an Environmental Clubs that responsible to the
waste management. They can hold environmental competitions and give talks to the students
to raise their awareness about the waste management issues. Environmental projects on waste
management can be organized by the Environmental Clubs. They can give prizes for the tidiest
and waste management conscious class. Environmental debates on anti-littering can also be
conducted as part of the ideas on raising the awareness of the students about the importance of
waste management.

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4.0 WASTE TARGET

Waste are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance which is discarded
after primary use, or it is worthless, defective and of no use. The waste target is a target to
reduce a waste in School of Arts. This waste reduction can be achieved based on the people
actions and attitudes at School of Arts. The action that they have to do are:

• Recycle all the papers that they do not want to use.

Figure 2

• Staffs only print out the necessary document to avoid from wasting the papers.

Figure 3

• Student are encouraging to use recyclable materials such as plywood,

aluminium can and others to complete their task or project.

Figure 4

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5.0 THE REQUIRED CAPACITY OF THE BINS
(THE SIZE, THE NUMBER OF BIN & TYPE OF BIN)

The type of bin

Recycle bin

360 L 660L
Figure 5 Figure 6

660L
Figure 7

General bin

660L 360L 100L 40L

Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11

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 There are 2 types of bins that we want to propose at the School of Art which are recycle
bin and general bin. It’s consist with green, black, blue, brown and orange colour with different
function, size and capacity.

Waste disposal is one of the most important things to consider. Recycle bin or General
bin are not only meant for the removal of garbage, these are nifty, amazing bins which can
easily be maneuverer, and these are also perfect for keeping the ambience of your surrounding
clean. It can easily get rid of ugly bags of wastes that are sitting there on your front or back
yard and waiting to be collected by the weekly garbage collection service. A recycle bin will
be more suitable for the surrounding than standard plastic or steel bins, it need to ensure that
the bin are going for the perfect one. The recycle bin and general bin has different size and
capacity that suit with different types of waste which are 40L, 100L, 360L and 660L. By
knowing the types of wastes, it can easily select the right bins for the purpose.

The size and capacity of bins

660L bin

Large recycle bin can save the time of the worker collecting and distributing waste in
the School of Art because when it is large then the School does not need many bins because
lots of waste can be collected only at one place which is in the 660L recycle or general bin.
Waste collected that are large in size which can't be loaded in a medium bin can be thrown into
large bin because it consumes more space than other bins, so when using a large bin, it can
reduce the waste that is sorted and spread to the left and right bin.

360L &100L bin

These two sizes of bins have similar advantage but it has different types of capacity and
cost. By using this, it can save the School's cost and budget because it's not too expensive
compared to the large ones. This can be used for the waste that are not too much and most of
the waste has a small size and fit the size of the bin.

40L bin

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 This capacity of bins frequently used at the toilet, office or lecturers’ room because it
is quite convenient and easy for them to use it. This capacity of bins usually used to facilitate
students or staff to throw small and light waste such as food waste they purchased or used
tissues.

Size of bin
Total

Type of 660L 360L 100L 40L

recycle bin

G U
G U G U G U G U

General 1 - 1 3 3 1 3 - 8 4

Blue (Paper &

Cards - mails,
papers, 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 -
newspaper,
boxes tubes)

Brown (Glass
- Bottles and 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 -
jars)

Orange
(Metal - cans,
1 - 1 - - - - - 2 -
pie plates and
foil)

4 7 4 3 18

Table 2: Bin that required at the School of Art

G = Ground floor
U = Upper floor

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 There are four size of bin which capacity of 660L, 360L, 100L and 40L that we want
to propose at the School of Art. The size of 660L and 360L of both recycle bin and general bin
we put at the ground floor because it has a high concentration of people such as students and
staff there. Furthermore, at the ground floor also have a vending machine that can causes the
aluminium waste there high. The total bin for the 660L bin is 4 while for 360L for ground and
upper floor is 7 bins. The 100L and 40L we proposed only the general bin and not recycle bin
is because, usually this type of bins is put at the office, toilet and classes because of the type of
waste are not too big or too small. The number of 100L bins required for ground and upper
floor is 4 while for 40L is 3. Total of the bins required for ground and upper floor of the School
of Art is 18 bins altogether.

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6.0 THE LOCATION OF WASTE BIN

The size of signboard of the recycle bin

RECYCLE BIN
AREA SCHOOL OF
ARTS
PLEASE USE ME

Figure 12

This is the signboard of the recycle bin area school of art. The size of the signboard was 420 x
594 mm so it will be big enough for the people to see it.

Location of the Recycle Bin Signboard at the Area of the School of Art.

Figure 13

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 The location of the recycle bin signboard at the area of the school of art it has four
signboards in that school. The location of signboard is in area Pelinggam Cahaya, Sculpture
Studio, Katasila (Open Hall) and in area Wood Workshop. The reason of choosing these four
locations to place the recycle bin signboard because it easily seen by the people and the size of
the signboard is big. Secondly, the highest for people to pass through this place. This signboard
also near to Katasila (Open Hall) which almost of the student usually used the place to do group
discussion and waiting for the next class. The signboard in area of the workshop because their
frequently used that workshop, so the highest student will go there to do their work.

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7.0 WASTE COLLECTION TIME SCHEDULE

The waste collection is the schedule for cleaner to collect a recyclable waste. The
working time for cleaner is from 7.30am until 5pm. Then, the time we proposed is in the
evening session. The schedule to collect a waste we proposed in the evening because that is a
peak time and cleaner can collect before they finished their work.

Day Session

Evening

Monday 3.00p.m.

Tuesday 3.00p.m.

Wednesday 3.00p.m.

Thursday 3.00p.m.

Friday 3.00p.m.

Saturday -

Sunday -

Table 3: The Schedule for Cleaner to Collect a Recyclable Waste

The recyclable waste is then send to the landfill which provided with the big capacity
of recycle bins (660L). Then, the truck from Recycle Centre will come and pick up all
recyclable waste in recycle bins.

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 The recycle garbage truck is from Recycle Centre (ESH Resources Management SDN
BHD) at the Bayan Lepas, Penang. This garbage truck will collect all the recyclable waste once
a week which is on Friday at 4.00p.m.

Day Session

Evening

Monday -

Tuesday -

Wednesday -

Thursday -

Friday 4.00p.m.

Saturday -

Sunday -

Table 4: Schedule for recycle garbage truck to collect the recycle waste

This is the schedule for recycle garbage truck to collect the recyclable waste at the
School of Art, USM. We decided to choose on Friday because it is the last day of working day
during the weekdays. So, for the rest of the day, students can use the recyclable materials from
the recycle bin. This will help the school to attain the sustainable concept.

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 ESH Resource Management SDN BHD is an integrated recycling management
company mainly involved in the trading and processing of recyclable waste such as paper,
plastics, metal and other types of waste. They have been in the business for more than 20 years
and our operations is growing from strength to strength. It is located at Lot 11695 & Plot 145
Mukim 12, Lintang Bayan Lepas 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang. ESH Resource Management
SDN BHD located 11km from the USM.

The Maps from USM to Recycle Centre

Figure 14

The Recycle Centre

Figure 15

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8.0 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OUR PROPOSAL

Advantages of Waste Management

Waste management involves the collection and disposal of both hazardous and non-
hazardous wastes from all the sectors of a society. We shall now look in detail the benefits of
proper garbage disposal.

Keeps the environment clean and fresh

Perhaps, the greatest advantage of waste management is keeping the environment fresh
and neat. These waste disposal units also make the people go disease free as all the resultant
wastes are properly disposed and taken care of. Moreover, a point worthy of our consideration
here is that this advantage can be taken into account only if extensive and proper safety
measures are implemented along with proper waste disposal techniques. There is no use in
simply implementing a half-baked technique which, if no use to both the people and the
environment. This is the best effects of proper waste disposal.

Saves the Earth and conserves energy

This characteristic of waste management includes specifically the recycling aspect. As

recycling of waste helps in reducing the cutting down of trees. This cutting of trees is mainly
done for the production of paper. By using this method, we can use the recycled waste to make
quality papers rather than relying on trees. Also, recycling needs only a minimal amount of
energy for utilization and complete processing. The resultant product we obtain is a renewable
source of energy and is eco-friendly.

Reduces environmental pollution

As explained above, waste management if done in a proper manner not only eliminates
the surrounding waste, but also will reduce the intensity of the greenhouse gases like methane,
carbon monoxide which is emitted from the wastes accumulated. The depth of the existing
landfills and incinerations will be curbed, thereby cutting down the harmful factors that affect
the environment. Then, the amount of fossil fuels will get reduced in this manner, leading to a
cleaner and a greener environment.

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Disadvantages of Waste Management

We have now seen the merits of waste management in detail. Let us now have a look
at the disadvantages also.

The practices are not done uniformly

Still, a large scale of these waste management practices are done only as a small scale
process and is mostly confined to residential homes, schools and colleges and is not practiced
in a uniform manner in large industries and conglomerates. It is not even practiced globally, as
the global level consists of curbing oil spills, ocean disposals and decreasing the tree felling.

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9.0 CONCLUSION

The School of Arts only produce a solid waste. The general waste such a like Food
waste, tissue papers, wrapping paper and others. Then, the recyclable waste such as aluminium
cans, bottles, newspaper, steel and others. The Product Design produce the most waste compare
to the other major. The issue of waste that can be identified at the School of Arts, USM are
there is no recycle bin and the bin lid was not closed. The waste management ideas are provided
such as separating the waste, the 3R concept and the activities that can raise the awareness of
the students and staff of the school. A strategic recyclable waste management schedule is
suggested to solve the current issues of the school.

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