Serial : IG1_CE_B_Environmental Engineering_040418

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CLASS TEST CIVIL

2018-19 ENGINEERING

Subject : Environmental Engineering

Date of test : 04/04/2018

Answer Key

1. (d) 7. (a) 13. (a) 19. (a) 25. (b)

2. (b) 8. (b) 14. (d) 20. (c) 26. (d)

3. (c) 9. (c) 15. (a) 21. (a) 27. (c)

4. (a) 10. (c) 16. (b) 22. (d) 28. (a)

5. (c) 11. (d) 17. (a) 23. (c) 29. (b)

6. (b) 12. (b) 18. (c) 24. (d) 30. (a)

 CT-2018 | CE • Environmental Engineering 7

Detailed Explanations

1. (d)
Trickling filter is an attached growth process i.e. process in which microogranisms responsible for treatment
are attached to an inert packing. (e.g. rock, gravel, sand etc). Activated sludge process is a suspended
growth process i.e. process in which microorganism metabolize the suspended and soluble organic matter.
Oxidation ditch is a particular type of extended aeration process, where aeration tank is constructed in the
ditch shape.The activity in the oxidation pond is a complex symbiosis of bacteria and algae, which stabilizes
the wastes and reduces pathogens.

2. (b)
The dry mass of the solids is
m = 1000 V.S = 1000 kg/m3 × 0.001 m3 × 0.01 = 0.01 kg
Now all of solids are settled and liquid is decanted until the total volume is 500 ml. The new solids
M 0.01 kg
fraction is, S = = = 0.02
1000V 1000 × 0.0005

4. (a)
Suppose specific weight of wood waste is x kg/m3
 80   60   40   30 
260 =  × 335  +  × 75  +  × 480  +  × x
 210   210   210   210 
⇒ x = 136.67 kg/m3

5. (c)
The tolerance limit for BOD5 in marine environment disposal is 100 mg/l.
∴ Minimum efficiency needed,

150 − 100 1
ηmin = × 100 = × 100 = 33.33%
150 3

7. (a)
Settled sludge volume
SVI = × 1000
MLSS
250
= × 1000 = 89.29 ml /g
2800
8. (b)
Overflow rate = 22 m3/day/m2 = 22 m/day

22 × 1000
= mm/s = 0.255 mm/s
24 × 60 × 60
0.1
Percentage particle removal = × 100 = 39.22%
0.255

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 8 Civil Engineering

9. (c)
Let volume of raw sewage = V
300
∴ Dilution ratio =
V
Loss of D.O. during 5 days incubation = Initial D.O. – FInal D.O.
= 9 – 5.5 = 3.5 mg/l
∴ BOD of sewage = Loss of D.O. × Dilution factor
300
⇒ 300 = 3.5 ×
V
⇒ V = 3.5 ml

10. (c)
Head loss per unit length is independent of sewer running full or half full condition.

11. (d)
(i) Lime (CaO) required for alkalinity (CaCO3)
Molecular weight of CaO = 40 + 16 = 56
Molecular weight of CaCO3 = 40 + 12 + 3 × 16 = 100

56
CaO required for 150 mg/l alkalinity = 150 × = 84 mg/l
100

84 × 10 −6 kg 84kg
= =
l 106 l
(ii) Lime required for MgSO4
Molecular weight of MgSO4 = 24 + 32 + 4 × 16 = 120
CaO required for 90 mg/l of MgSO4

56 42kg
= 90 × = 42mg/l =
120 106 l
∴ Total lime required = 84 + 42 = 126 kg/106 l
Total lime required to treat 106 litres of water = 126 kg

12. (b)
Total water filtered in a day = 1 × (24 × 60 × 60) = 86400 m3/day

86400m3 /day
Total surface area of filter required = = 617.14 m2
140m3 /day/m2
Area of one filters required = 6 × 8 = 48 m2

617.14
Total number of filter = = 12.86
13
48
As three filters are out of service, number of filters working = 13 – 3 = 10
Total surface area of ten filters = 48 × 10 = 480 m2

86400 m3 /day
New loading rate = 2
= 180 m3 /day/m2
480 m

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 CT-2018 | CE • Environmental Engineering 9

13. (a)

Year Population Increase in Population Incremental increase

1930 25,000 — —
1940 28,000 3000 —
1950 34,000 6000 +3000
1960 42,000 8000 +2000
1970 47,000 5000 –3000
Total 22000 2000

Average increase in population per decade,

22000
x = = 5500
4
Average incremental increase,
2000
y = = 666.67
3
5( 5 + 1)
∴ P2020 = P1970 + 5x + y
2
= 47000 + 5 × 5500 + 15 × 666.67 = 84500

14. (d)
Flow rate of river, QR = 600 l/sec
Concentration of sodium in river water,
CR = 17 mg/l
Concentration of sodium in waste water channel,
CW = 250 mg/l
Concentration of sodium in the mix water,
Cmix = 50 mg/l
Let, flow rate of waste water=Q W
Concentration of sodium after mixing of waste water with river is given by
CRQR + CW QW
Cmix =
QR + QW
17 × 600 + 250 × Qw
⇒ 50 = 600 + QW
⇒ 50 × (600 + QW ) = 10200 + 250 QW
⇒ 30000 + 50 QW = 10200 + 250 QW
⇒ 19800 = 200 QW
⇒ QW = 99 l/sec
Total discharge after mixing QR + QW 600 + 99
∴ Dilution ratio = = = = 7.06
Discharge of waste water QW 99

15. (a)
Given: BOD5 = L5 = 200 mg/l, t = 5 days, k20 = 0.23 per day

BOD5 = BODu 1 − e ( −k20t

)
⇒ (
L5 = Lu 1 − e
−k20t
)

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 10 Civil Engineering

⇒ (
200 = Lu 1 − e
−0.23 × 5
)
200
⇒ Lu = = 292.67 mg/l
1 − e −0.23 × 5

∵ kT = k20θT − 20

k15 = k20 (1.047)

15− 20
⇒ (θ is generally taken as 1.047)

⇒ k15 = 0.23 × (1.047)–5

⇒ k15 = 0.183 per day

∵ (−k t
L8 = Lu 1 − e 15 )
⇒ L8 = 292.67 (1 – e–0.183 × 8) = 224.97 mg/l
225 mg/l

16. (b)

The cloth area required =

(20m3 /sec × 60s/min) = 1200m3 /min = 240m2
5.0m/min 5.0m/min
The surface area of one bag = πDH = π × 0.4 × 8 = 10.053 m2

240
∴ Total number of bag = = 23.87
24 bags
10.053

17. (a)

100
Efficiency of filter, η =
Y
1 + 0.0044
V ×F

where, Y = Total BOD applied to filter unit

V = Volume in hectare meter = 1365 m2 × m = 0.1365 ha.m
F = Recirculation factor
R
1+
F = I
2
 0.1R 
 1 + 
I 

1 + 1.5
⇒ F = = 1.89
(1 + 0.1 × 1.5)2
100
⇒ 82 =
Y
1 + 0.0044
1.89 × 0.1365
⇒ Y = 642.10 kg/day
18. (c)
Initial oxygen deficit = saturation D.O. – Initial oxygen content
= 9.2 – 4.2 = 5 mg/l

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 CT-2018 | CE • Environmental Engineering 11

KR 0.2
f = = =2
KD 0.1
1  D  
Critical time, tc = log  1 − (f − 1) · 0  f 
K D (f − 1)  L  

1  5  
= log  1 − ( 2 − 1) ·  × 2
0.1( 2 − 1)  100  
⇒ tc = 2.7875 days
2.788 days

L
Critical deficit, DC =
f
[10 ] −KD ·tc
100
=
2
[10 ] −2.788 ×0.1
⇒ DC = 26.313 mg/l

19. (a)
(1) When 10 ml, 1 ml, and 0.1 ml dilution are considered, the combination of positive tubes is 5 - 4 - 3.
MPN value for this combination from the table is 280.
(2) When 1 ml, 0.1 ml and 0.01 ml dilutions are considered, the combination of positive tubes is 4 - 3 - 2.
MPN value for this combination from the table is 39.
This value must be multiplied by 10, since surface water volume used are 10 times lesser than the
standard values.
MPN value is 39 × 10 = 390.
(3) When 0.1 ml, 0.01 ml and 0.001 ml dilution are considered, the combination of positive tubes is
3 - 2 - 1.
MPN value for this combination from the table is 17.
This value must be multiplied by 100. Therefore, MPN is 17 × 100 = 1700.
MPN is the maximum of above i.e. 1700.

20. (c)

d
Given, = 0.6
D
D
1 α α
∴ 0.6 =  1− cos  0.6 D = d
2 2
∴ α = 203.074°
5/3
 α sin α 
 − 
q  360 2π 
Now, = 2/3
= 0.672
Q  α 
 
 360 
∴ q = 0.672 × 0.09= 0.06 m3/sec

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 12 Civil Engineering

21. (a)
(i) Al2 (SO4)3 · 18H2O + 3Ca(HCO3)2 2Al(OH)3 + 3CaSO4 + 6CO2
666 gm (3 × 162) gm

(ii) CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 Ca(HCO3)2

100 gm 162 gm

From (i) it is clear that 666 gm filter alum can neutralize (3 × 162) gm of alkalinity as Ca(HCO3)2.
Again from (ii) it is clear that this (3 × 162) gm alkalinity as Ca(HCO3)2 is equivalent to (3 × 100) gm of
alkalinity as CaCO3.
∴ Total alkalinity of filter alum as CaCO3, for water requiring 25 mg/l of filter alum

3 × 100
= × 25 = 11.26 mg/l
666
Hence, total alkalinity requirement
= 20 × 106 × 11.26 mg/day
= 225.2 × 106 mg/day
Hence, total alkalinity requirement will be 225.2 × 106 mg per day as CaCO3.

22. (d)
Sewage produced = 735000 litres/day
5 day BOD of sewage = 185 mg/litres
BOD of effluent = 25 mg/litres
BOD removed by pond = (185 – 25) = 160 mg/litres
∴ Sewage solids removed per day = 735000 × 160 = 117.6 kg
It is given that organic loading = 65 kg/ha/day

117.6
∴ Required area = = 1.809 ha
65

1.81 ha

23. (c)
Flow rate, Qo = 575 m3/hour
Influent BOD, So = 165 mg/litre
Effluent BOD, S = 12 mg/litre
Hydraulic retention time = 6 hours

1
= day
4
Mean-cell resistance time (θc ) = 288 hours = 12 days
Volume, V = 6000 m3
Aeration Secondary
Effluent
Mixed liquor suspended solids, tank clarifier

X = 2500 mg/l
Solids wasted
F QoSo 575 × 165
= = × 24
M VX 6000 × 2500

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 CT-2018 | CE • Environmental Engineering 13

= 0.1518 kg biomass per day per kg

0.152 kg biomass per day per kg

VX
Mean cell residence time, θc =
Qw X u

VX 6000 × 2500 × 10 −3
⇒ Qw X u = = = 1250 kg/day
θC 12

24. (d)
Flow of waste water stream,
Qw = 3 m3/sec
Ultimate BOD of waste water stream,
Yw = 95 mg/l = 95 gm/m3
Flow of river, QR = 16 m3 /sec
Ultimate BOD of river, YR = 4 mg/l = 4 gm/m3
QwYw + QRYR 3 × 95 + 16 × 4
BOD of mixture, Y0 = = = 18.368 gm/m3
Qw + QR 3 + 16
k D = 0.434 k′ = 0.434 × 0.253 = 0.1098 /day
Area of river = 60 m2
Combined flow of river (downstream)
= 3 + 16 = 19 m3/sec
Discharge 19
Stream velocity = = = 0.3167 m / sec
Area 60
15 × 1000
Time taken, t = = 47363 sec = 0.5482 days
0.3167
Yt = Y0 1 − 10 D 
− k ·t

= 18.368 [1 – 10 –0.1098 × t ]
= 18.368 [1 – 10–0.1098 × 0.5482]
= 18.368 × 0.1295 = 2.38 mg/l

25. (b)

µg ppm × gm/mole mass ×103

=
m3 L/ mole
Gram molecular mass of CO = 12 + 16 = 28 gm/mole
At 0°C and 1 atm of pressure (760 mm Hg), the volume of the gas is 22.4 l/mole
28g 103 l 106 µg
x× × ×
15µg mole m3 g
So, 103 × =
m3 22.4 l
mole

15 × 22.4 × 103
x =
28 × 109
∴ 12 × 10–6 = 12 ppm

26. (d)
Carbonate hardness = 3 × 10–3 gm equivalent (If Non-Carbonate Hardness is present, sodium
alkalinity i.e. NaHCO3 will be absent).

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 14 Civil Engineering

g
= 3 × 10−3 × 50 as CaCO3 = 150 mg/l as CaCO3
l
Non-Carbonate hardness = Total hardness – Carbonate hardness
Total hardness = 6 × 50 mg/l as CaCO3 [Total hardness is due to Ca2+ and Mg2+ only]
= 300 mg/l or CaCO3
⇒ NCH = 300 – 150 = 150 mg/l as CaCO3

27. (c)

Relative Stability, S = 100 1 − ( 0.630 ) 

t 37

96.06 = 100 1 − ( 0.630 ) 

t 37

t37 = 7 days

28. (a)

P
Velocity gradient, G =
µV
Power input per unit volume,
P = µG 2 V
= 1 × 10–3 × (500)2 × 3
= 750 W
Now, power input per unit volume
P 750
= =
V 3
= 250 W

29. (b)
Flow rate, Q0 = 750 m3/hour
Influent BOD, S0 = 120 mg/l
Effluent BOD, S = 8 mg/l

1
Hydraulic retention time = 6 hours = day
4

300
Mean-cell residence time, (θc) = 300 hours = days = 12.5 days
24

MLSS (X) = 2500 mg/l

Volume = 5000 m3

F Q 0S 0
=
M VX

750 × 120
= × 24 = 0.1728 day–1
5000 × 2500

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 CT-2018 | CE • Environmental Engineering 15

30. (a)
Eckenfelder equation for computing the BOD removed by the filter is given as

Yt
= [e ]
− kD /QLn
...(i)
Y0

where, Y0 = BOD5 of the influent entering the filter (in mg/l )

Yt = BOD5 of the effluent getting out of the filter (in mg/l )
k = rate constant per day
D = depth of filter (in m)
n depends on flow characteristics and is an empirical value.

Q
QL = Hydraulic loading rate per unit area of filter in m3/m2/day =
A

Given: Y0 = 150 mg/l; D = 1.5 m; k = 1.89 d–1; n = 0.6

1900
QL = = 2.688m3 /m2 /day
π
× 30 2
4
Substituting these values in equation (i), we get

Yt 1.89 ×1.5
= [e ] 2.6880.6
−
150

Yt
⇒ = 0.209
150
⇒ Yt = 150 × 0.209 = 31.35 mg/l

„„„„

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