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AND REACTIONS
OUTDOOR (AMBIENT) AIR
POLLUTION
Topic 2
LESSON OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students will be able to:
Carbon Monoxide 1 hr 30 35
8 hr 9 10
)
COARSE AND FINE
PARTICLES
•Coarse dust particles (PM10) are
2.5 to 10 micrometers in diameter.
Sources include crushing or
grinding operations and dust stirred
up by vehicles on roads.
•
Automatic Manual
Pollutant Standards Index (PSI)
The United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) developed
the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) to provide accurate, timely and
easily understandable information about daily levels of air pollution.
* PM10
Nesa (Dec-Apr09)
9/3/2014
NEGERI / KAWASAN/ MASA/TIME MASA/TIME MASA/TIME MASA/TIME MASA/TIME MASA/TIME
STATE AREA 12:00AM 01:00AM 02:00AM 03:00AM 04:00AM 05:00AM
Kuala
Selangor 116* 118* 120* 120* 121* 131*
Selangor
Pelabuhan
Selangor 141* 144* 146* 147* 149* 150*
Kelang
Petaling
Selangor 105* 107* 110* 112* 115* 118*
Jaya
Kuala
Selangor 156* 153* 151* 147* 144* 141*
Selangor
Pelabuha
Selangor 162* 161* 159* 160* 160* 158*
n Kelang
Petaling
Selangor 121* 120* 118* 116* 112* 109*
Jaya
Shah
Selangor 124* 123* 121* 118* 118* 116*
Alam
9/3/2017
12 pm 1 pm 2 pm 3 pm 4 pm 5 pm
Kuala
Selangor 37* 38* 39* 40* 40* 41*
Selangor
Pelabuhan
Selangor 64c 68c 61* 61* 62*
Kelang
Petaling
Selangor 52* 52* 52*
Jaya
57c
Selangor Shah Alam 61c 62c 54c
Air Pollutant Index (API)
Indeks Pencemar Udara (IPU)
24/12/2007 (Monday)
Other Areas Time (11 am) Time (5.00 pm)
Putrajaya (W. Persekutuan) 41* 43c
* PM10 c = O3
Tropospheric Ozone
• During late afternoons or early evenings,
the concentration of ozone increases and
dominates the API readings in some
places.
• In sunlight, oxides of nitrogen and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from motor
vehicle exhaust and industries react to
form tropospheric ozone.
Limitations of PSI and API
• The PSI/API emphasizes short term acute health
effects, and does not take into account chronic effects
occurring over months or years.
• Also, the PSI/API reading announced over radio or TV
may not correspond to actual values at the time of the
announcement, because the reading is for the
immediate three hours. Hence, the current condition
can be better or worse than that of the immediate three
hours.
• Finally, the PSI/API does not take into account the
possible synergistic effects when different pollutants
combine together. That is, the adverse health effects of
combinations of two or more pollutants can be worse
than the sum of each of the pollutants separately.