EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER 1

Design Example 13
APPENDIX A
EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER
GENERAL INFORMATION
Example 13 illustrates pier design to provide structural resistance to withstand the vehicular collision of
an oversized vehicle using LEAP Bridge Substructure software. The only load case investigated in this
example is Extreme Event II. Other load cases are not discussed for this example but should be
investigated in the complete pier design.

References and Software Used:

AASHTO LRFD 7th edition

CDOT Bridge Structural Worksheets
LEAP Bridge Concrete CONNECT Edition, Version 16.02.00.01, Substructure Module

LEAP Bridge Concrete Model Description:

The pier under design is a middle support of a two-span, 60-ft.-wide (out to out) bridge. Pier cap is 60 ft.
long, 4.5 ft. wide, and 4 ft. deep, supported on three 20 ft. tall columns, spaced at 22 ft. The
superstructure consists of six BT54 girders spaced at 10.5 ft. with an 8 in. deck. Columns are round, 4 ft.
in diameter, supported on drilled shafts, 4.5 ft. in diameter. Refer to Figure 1 for details.

The following were also assumed in modeling the pier in the LEAP Bridge Substructure program:
→ The end of the column is fixed at the top of the drilled shaft
→ The drilled shaft point of fixity is located at 3x drilled shaft diameter = 13.5 ft.
→ Total drilled shaft length is 5x drilled shaft diameter = 23 ft.
The Designer should use the project geotechnical information and a suitable design tool to determine the
drilled shaft point of fixity and required drilled shaft total length and enter it in the LEAP Bridge
Substructure program.

Material properties used (refer to BDM Section 5.3):

Pier cap concrete strength f'c = 4500.00 psi
Column concrete strength f'c = 4500.00 psi
Drilled shaft concrete strength f'c = 4000.00 psi
Concrete density γc = 150.00 pcf
Steel yield strength fy = 60.00 ksi

CDOT Bridge Design Manual January 2018

EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER 2

y
x

Figure 1 - Design Section

Applied Loads:
In this example, the only loads included in the analysis are collision loads and dead loads, due to the
improbable coincidence of other loads (BDM Section 3.5.2). Designer may choose to include live loads,
but in most cases shear from vehicle impact will control the design.

DC - dead load of structural components and nonstructural attachments

DW - dead load of wearing surfaces and utilities
CT - vehicular collision force

If the LEAP Bridge Superstructure model is available, DC and DW loads may be imported to pier model.
Otherwise, they can be autogenerated as shown below.

DC: 1. Slab and girder dead loads - autogenerated from superstructure input, γ = 150 pcf
2. Barrier dead loads - total load per foot = 486 plf (see Structural Worksheets B-606-7B)

DW: 1. Wearing surface total load per foot = 36.67 psf *(57 ft clear roadway width) = 2090.19 plf
(refer to BDM Section 3.4.2)

CDOT Bridge Design Manual January 2018

EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER 3

CT: Equivalent static load = 600 kip, applied in a direction of 0 to 15 degrees, 5 ft. above the
ground (AASHTO 3.6.5.1)
In the case of a multi-column pier, the Designer must investigate the collision force CT acting
on each column separately and select the one with the maximum shear force. The Designer
should then check the shear capacity of the column. The Designer is responsible for
determining the most conservative load cases taking into account both directions of travel
under the bridge and the geometry of the bridge.

Note: The critical design section for a column is at the point of impact. The Designer should
add additional check points near the impact from the 'Structure Model' menu to get information
needed for design.

Column length in LEAP Bridge Substructure model (includes drilled shaft length to fixity)
L = 1/2 x 4 ft. cap depth + 20 ft. + 13.5 ft. = 35.50 ft.
Point of application of CT from drilled shaft point of fixity
y1 = 5 ft. + 2 ft. drilled shaft cover + 13.5 ft. = 20.50 ft.

Case Magnitude Location

Case Number Col. No. ϕ
Name X Z y1 / L
Case No. 1 CT1 1 0 600.00 0.00 0.58
Case No. 2 CT2 1 15 579.56 155.29 0.58
Case No. 3 CT3 2 15 579.56 155.29 0.58
Case No. 4 CT4 3 15 579.56 155.29 0.58
Summary of CT Load Cases

FX =579.56 kip

FZ = 155.29 kip

Figure 2 - CT Load Application

CDOT Bridge Design Manual January 2018

EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER 4

Analysis of the columns is performed using the P-delta method. See below for the following outputs from
LEAP Bridge Substructure:
→ Summary of load combinations used in the design
→ Controlling column design results
→ Detailed shear design calculation for controlling column

Summary of Design:
Column reinforcement - main rebar 22 #10 bars, equally spaced
shear reinforcement #4 ties @ 6"

Design of a drilled shaft in the Extreme Event collision case is similar to the design of a drilled shaft in
the Strength cases and will not be shown for this example. The Designer must account for the collision
load in the drilled shaft design by applying Extreme Event loads from the bottom of the column to the top
of the caisson. It is recommended that the Designer use a suitable design tool to analyze shaft-soil
interaction to determine stability and strength requirements.

CDOT Bridge Design Manual January 2018

EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER 5

Total Pool - USA | SHEET 1 OF 1

PROGRAM: LEAP® Bridge Concrete CONNECT Edition-v16.2.0.1 | JOB NO.
Bentley Systems, Inc. - www.bentley.com | BY DATE MAY 2017
PHONE : TOLL-FREE 1-800-778-4277 | CKD. DATE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROJECT: EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER

LOAD COMBINATIONS - AASHTO LRFD 7 2016 Interims

Comb # 1 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT1 )

Comb # 2 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT2 )
Comb # 3 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT3 )
Comb # 4 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT4 )
Comb # 5 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT1 )
Comb # 6 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT2 )
Comb # 7 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT3 )
Comb # 8 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT4 )
Comb # 9 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT1 )
Comb # 10 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT2 )
Comb # 11 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT3 )
Comb # 12 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT4 )
Comb # 13 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT1 )
Comb # 14 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT2 )
Comb # 15 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT3 )
Comb # 16 (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT4 )

Load Combinations for Columns only:

Comb # 1C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT1 )

Comb # 2C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT2 )
Comb # 3C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT3 )
Comb # 4C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT4 )
Comb # 5C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT1 )
Comb # 6C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT2 )
Comb # 7C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT3 )
Comb # 8C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 1.25 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT4 )
Comb # 9C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT1 )
Comb # 10C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT2 )
Comb # 11C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT3 )
Comb # 12C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 1.50 DW1 + 1.00 CT4 )
Comb # 13C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT1 )
Comb # 14C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT2 )
Comb # 15C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT3 )
Comb # 16C (EXT GP 2 ) = 1.00 ( 0.90 DC1 + 0.65 DW1 + 1.00 CT4 )

CDOT Bridge Design Manual January 2018

EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER 6

Sheet # 1
Job #

Program: LEAP® Bridge Concrete CONNECT Edition Designed

Total Pool - USA
Module: Substructure Copyright © Bentley Systems, Inc. 2016 Date MAY 2017
Version: 16.02.00.01 www.bentley.com Phone: 1-800-778-4277 Checked
File Name: BDM Example 13 - Vehicle collision on a pier... .lbc Date

COLUMN DESIGN

COLUMN DESIGN - Column: 1

Code: AASHTO LRFD 7 2016 Interims
Units: US
Pier View: Upstation.
Design/Analysis Method: P - Delta.

Column Type: Round D = 48.00 in

Column Section Properties

Area Ix Iz
Sec.
ft^2 in^4 in^4
1 12.57 260576.25 260576.25

DESIGN PARAMETERS
f'c = 4500.0 psi fy = 60000.0 psi
phi tens = 0.90 phi comp = 0.75
Tens above = 0.005 Comp below = 0.002
phi shear = 0.90 fy shear = 60000.00 psi
Ec = 4435.3 ksi Es = 29000 ksi
Concrete Type : Normal Weight.

Reinforcement
Rebar Pattern: Circular
Rebar Orientation: Face Parallel

Units: US (English) Design Code: AASHTO LRFD 7 2016 Interims

CDOT Bridge Design Manual January 2018
EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER 7

Sheet # 2
Job #

Program: LEAP® Bridge Concrete CONNECT Edition Designed

Total Pool - USA
Module: Substructure Copyright © Bentley Systems, Inc. 2016 Date MAY 2017
Version: 16.02.00.01 www.bentley.com Phone: 1-800-778-4277 Checked
File Name: BDM Example 13 - Vehicle collision on a pier... .lbc Date

Main Reinforcement Schedule

Bar Dist. From To
Layer Size No. bars Hook
in ft ft
1 US#10[M32] 22 3.00 0.00 22.00 None

Note:
Bar Dist refers to the distance between center of reinforcement and concrete surface.

Lateral Reinforcement Schedule

Pitch From To
Layer Size Type
in ft ft
1 US#4[M13] Ties 6.00 0.00 22.00

Design values used after P-Delta Analysis ( e-min effect included ).

Loc Fx Fy Fz Mx My Mz
Comb
ft kips kips kips kips-ft kips-ft kips-ft
0.00 13 -386.5 442.7 0.0 -75.3 0.0 78.7
6.00 13 386.5 432.5 0.0 -73.5 -0.0 2247.3
7.00 13 386.5 430.8 0.0 -73.2 -0.0 2634.6
8.00 13 -213.5 429.1 0.0 -72.9 -0.0 2475.8
22.00 13 -213.5 408.8 0.0 -69.5 -0.0 -512.0
0.00 15 -95.8 384.1 -24.2 -413.4 53.1 781.1
6.00 15 95.8 373.9 24.2 266.7 53.1 -202.2
7.00 15 95.8 372.2 24.2 242.2 53.1 -105.7
8.00 15 95.8 370.5 24.2 217.7 53.1 -63.0
22.00 15 95.8 350.2 24.2 -125.8 53.1 1340.2
0.00 16 -97.2 318.2 1.3 -176.2 126.0 722.4
6.00 16 97.2 308.0 -1.3 183.6 126.0 -136.1
7.00 16 97.2 306.3 -1.3 184.9 126.0 -52.1
8.00 16 97.2 304.6 -1.3 186.1 126.0 59.4
22.00 16 97.2 284.2 -1.3 202.4 126.0 1425.7

COLUMN DESIGN
Bot/Top Elev. Pu Mux Muz pMn Incl
Comb pPn/Pu pMn/Mu
ft kips kips-ft kips-ft kips-ft deg
0.00 15 384.1 413.4 781.1 2737.7 62.11 1.00 3.09774
6.00 13 432.5 73.5 2247.3 2787.1 88.13 1.00 1.23953
7.00 13 430.8 73.2 2634.6 2786.8 88.41 1.00 1.05734 Controlling moment case
8.00 13 429.1 72.9 2475.8 2784.7 88.31 1.00 1.12426
22.00 16 284.2 202.4 1425.7 2622.3 81.92 1.00 1.82108

Units: US (English) Design Code: AASHTO LRFD 7 2016 Interims

CDOT Bridge Design Manual January 2018

EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER 8

Sheet # 3
Job #

Program: LEAP® Bridge Concrete CONNECT Edition Designed

Total Pool - USA
Module: Substructure Copyright © Bentley Systems, Inc. 2016 Date MAY 2017
Version: 16.02.00.01 www.bentley.com Phone: 1-800-778-4277 Checked
File Name: BDM Example 13 - Vehicle collision on a pier... .lbc Date

COLUMN DESIGN
Bot/Top Elev. As_min As_max As_prov
ft in^2 in^2 in^2
0.00 18.32 144.76 27.94
6.00 18.32 144.76 27.94
7.00 18.32 144.76 27.94
8.00 18.32 144.76 27.94
22.00 18.32 144.76 27.94

SHEAR DESIGN:
Loc Vu phi*Vn Av/s Aprv/s Vc Vs Theta b dv Smax Sprv
Pos Comb Beta Eps_s
ft kips kips in^2/ft in^2/ft kips kips deg in in in in
0.00 L 396.2 14 503.9 0.64 0.80 340.05 219.82 3.14 31.47 48.00 33.63 0.0007 24.00 6.00
6.00 R 396.2 14 433.1 0.64 0.80 275.23 206.00 2.54 33.15 48.00 33.63 0.0012 24.00 6.00
L 396.2 14 433.1 0.64 0.80 275.23 206.00 2.54 33.15 48.00 33.63 0.0012 24.00 6.00
7.00 R 396.2 14 413.1 0.73 0.80 257.61 201.34 2.38 33.75 48.00 33.63 0.0014 24.00 6.00
L 396.2 14 413.1 0.73 0.80 257.61 201.34 2.38 33.75 48.00 33.63 0.0014 24.00 6.00
8.00 R 214.2 1 462.7 0.64 0.80 301.85 212.23 2.79 32.37 48.00 33.63 0.0010 24.00 6.00
L 214.2 1 462.7 0.64 0.80 301.85 212.23 2.79 32.37 48.00 33.63 0.0010 24.00 6.00
22.00 R 214.2 1 632.7 0.64 0.80 465.64 237.36 4.30 29.54 48.00 33.63 0.0002 24.00 6.00

Controlling shear case

Column Design : Notes

Min reinforcement = 1.0125 % of Ag.
Shear Design : Notes
- Pos is the design position. L suggests the calculation is done at immediate left of "Loc" and R suggests at immediate right of it.
- Av/s is the total required area of steel per unit length due to shear plus torsion.
- Aprvs/s is the total provided area of transverse steel reinforcement.
- Vc is the nominal shear resistence of concrete.
- Vs is the nominal shear resistence of transverse reinforcement.
- Beta is the factor indicating ability of diagonally cracked concrete to transmit tension and shear.
- Theta is the angle of inclination of diagonal compressive stress.
- # Vu is greater tha phi*Vn.

CDOT
Units: USBridge
(English)Design Manual Design Code: AASHTO LRFD 7 2016 Interims January 2018
EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER 9

Date: 5/31/2017 BDM Example 13 - Vehicle collision on a pier... .lbc

Time: 5:07 PM LEAP Bridge Concrete(AASHTO LRFD Specifications) 16.2.0.1

Column Design Details

Column 1
Shear/Torsion
POI at location 7ft
Shear/torsion design details for Left
Controlling load combination 14
Description Values Units References
Materials
'
Specified compressive strength of concrete, fc 4500 psi

Specified yield strength of reinforcement, fy 60 ksi

Modulus of elasticity of reinforcement, Es 29000 ksi
Area of nonprestressed tension reinforcement, As 27.94 in^2
Spacing of transverse reinforcement, s 6 in
Area of transverse reinforcement within distance s, A v 0.8 in^2
Section geometry
Effective width of the web, bv 48 in 5.8.2.9
Effective shear depth, d v 33.63 in 5.8.2.9
Loads
Factored moment, M u 2574.73 Kip-ft
Factored shear, Vu 396.2 Kips
Factored axial force, Nu -430.81 Kips
Resistance factors
For bending, φ 0.9 5.5.4.2
For shear,φ 0.9 5.5.4.2
For axial load,φ 0.75 5.5.4.2
Calculations of θ and β
Moment for the net tensile strain ε s , M u 2574.73 Kip-ft 5.8.3.4.2
Net tensile strain at the centroid of tension reinforcement, ε s
 Mu 
 + 0.5 ⋅ N u + Vu − V p − Aps ⋅ f po  0.001357 5.8.3.4.2
 dv 
εs =
Es ⋅ As + E p ⋅ Aps
Angle of inclination of diagonal compression stress, θ
33.75 5.8.3.4.2
θ = 29+3500 ⋅ ε s
Factor of longitudinal strain on shear, β
4.8 4.8 51 2.38 5.8.3.4.2
β= or β = ⋅
(1 + 750 ⋅ ε s ) (1 + 750 ⋅ ε s ) ( 39 + se )
Shear capacity calculations
Nominal shear resistance from concrete, Vc
257.61 Kips 5.8.3.3
Vc = 0.0316 ⋅ β ⋅ f c' ⋅ bv ⋅ d v
Nominal shear resistance from reinforcement, Vs
Av ⋅ f y ⋅ d v ⋅ cot θ 201.34 Kips 5.8.3.3
Vs =
s

CDOT Bridge Design Manual January 2018

EXAMPLE 13 - VEHICLE COLLISION ON A PIER 10

Date: 5/31/2017 BDM Example 13 - Vehicle collision on a pier... .lbc

Time: 5:07 PM LEAP Bridge Concrete(AASHTO LRFD Specifications) 16.2.0.1

Nominal shear resistance of the section, Vn

458.95 Kips 5.8.3.3
Vn = Vc + Vs + V p
Max allowed nominal shear resistance, Vn
1816.134 Kips 5.8.3.3
Vn = 0.25 ⋅ f c' ⋅ bv ⋅ d v + V p
Factored shear resistance, φ Vn 413.055 Kips 5.8.3.3
Check if factored shear capacity (φ Vn ) is no less than
OK
factored shear force (Vu )
Shear reinforcement calculations
Min required shear reinforcement, A v / s
' bv ⋅ s 0.06 in^2/ft 5.8.2.5
Av ≥ 0.0316 ⋅ fc ⋅
fy
Required shear resistance from shear reinforcement, Vs 182.61 Kips 5.8.3.3
Required shear reinforcement, A v / s
Av ⋅ f y ⋅ d v ⋅ ( cot θ + cot α ) ⋅ sin α 0.06 in^2/ft 5.8.3.3
Vs =
s
Max allowed spacing of shear reinforcement, s 24 in 5.8.3.3
Check if the provided spacing of transverse steel is no greater than
OK
the maximum allowed spacing
Torsion reinforcement calculations
Shear stress, vu
Vu − φ ⋅ V p 0.27 ksi 5.8.2.9
vu =
φ ⋅ bv ⋅ d v
Max spacing of transverse reinforcement, s
If vu < 0.125 ⋅ f c' then smax = 0.8 ⋅ d v ≤ 24.0 in 24 in 5.8.2.7
If vu > 0.125 ⋅ f c' then smax = 0.4 ⋅ d v ≤ 12.0 in
Check if the provided spacing of transverse steel is no greater than
OK
the max spacing allowed

CDOT Bridge Design Manual January 2018