Cuarta Tarea Balance de Materia

1. Cierto gas tiene un peso molecular de 30.0, su Tc es 310 K y la Pc es de 4.5 MPa. Calcule
la densidad en kg/m3 de este gas a 465 K y 9.0 MPa
a. Si es gas ideal.
b. Si el gas sigue la ley de los estados correspondientes.

2. La presión de vapor del hexano (C6H14) a -20°C es de 14.1 mm Hg absoluta. Se satura aire
seco a está temperatura con el vapor bajo una presión total de 760 mm Hg. ¿Cuál es el
porcentaje de hexano en la mezcla? Si fuera una mezcla para combustión, ¿cuál sería el
porcentaje de aire de exceso para la combustión?

3. Una forma de introducir la seguridad en las especificaciones es citar la concentración de

un vapor en aire que podría arder si se encendiera. Si el intervalo de concentración de
benceno en dentro del cual puede haber ignición es de 1.4 al 8.0%, ¿cuáles serían las
temperaturas correspondientes para el aire saturado con benceno en el espacio para el
vapor en un tanque de almacenamiento? La presión total en el espacio para el vapor es de 100
kPa.

4. Un gas de síntesis con la siguiente composición: 4.5% CO2, 26.0% CO, 13.0% H2O, 0.5% CH4 y
56.0% N2 se queman con 10% de aire en exceso. El barómetro indica 98 kPa. Calcule el punto
de rocío del gas de chimenea (no sale CO). A fin de evitar la condensación y la consecuente
corrosión los gases de chimenea se deben mantener muy por encima de su punto de
rocío.

5. Liquid methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is introduced into a vessel containing air. The system
temperature is increased to 55 C, and the vessel contents reach equilibrium with some
MEK remaining in the liquid state. The equilibrium pressure is 1200 mm Hg.
 (a) Use the
Gibbs phase rule to determine how many degrees of freedom exist for the system at

 equilibrium. State the meaning of your result in your own words.
 (b) Mixtures of MEK
vapor and air that contain between 1.8 mole% MEK and 11.5 mole% MEK 
 can ignite
and burn explosively if exposed to a flame or spark. Determine whether or not the given
vessel constitutes an explosion hazard. 


6. The latest weather report includes the following statement: “The temperature is 78 F,
barometric pressure is 29.9 inches, and the relative humidity is 87%.” From this
information, estimate the mole fraction of water in the air and the dew point ( F), molal
humidity, absolute humidity, and percentage humidity of the air.

7. In a device to produce potable water, humid air at 90 F, 29.7 in Hg, and 95% relative
humidity is cooled to 40 F at constant pressure. What volumetric flow rate of air into the
cooler (ft3/min) is required to provide 10.0 gal/min of condensed water? 


8. A gas mixture containing 85.0 mole% N2 and the balance n-hexane flows through a pipe
at a rate of 100.0 m3/h. The pressure is 2.00 atm absolute and the temperature is 100 C.
 

What is the molar flow rate of the gas in kmol/h?
 Is the gas saturated?

If not, to what temperature (oC) would it have to be cooled at constant pressure in

order to begin condensing hexane?

To what temperature (oC) would the gas have to be cooled at constant pressure in
order to condense 80% of the hexane?

9. Wet leather containing 61% water enters a continuous tunnel dryer and leaves at a rate
of 485 lbm/h containing 6.0% water. Dry air enters the dryer at 140 F and 1 atm, and the
outlet air is at 130 F and 1 atm with a relative humidity of 50%. Calculate the rate at
which wet leather enters the dryer and the volumetric flow rate of the inlet air (ft3/h).

10. A fuel gas containing methane and ethane is burned with air in a furnace, producing a
stack gas at 300 C and 105 kPa (absolute). The stack gas contains CO2 at a partial
pressure of 80 mm Hg and no CO, O2, methane, or ethane. Calculate the mole fraction
of methane in the fuel and the dew-point temperature of the stack gas. 


11. A vapor stream that is 65 mole% styrene and 35 mole% toluene is in equilibrium with a
liquid mixture of the same two species. The pressure in the system is 150 mm Hg
absolute. Use Raoult’s law to estimate the composition of the liquid and the system
temperature. 


12. En los desiertos del suroeste de Estados Unidos, en el otoño y durante el día, el aire suele
ser moderadamente caliente y seco. Si al medio día se mide la temperatura de bulbo seco de
27°C y una temperatura de bulbo húmedo de 17°C para el aire:
a. ¿Cuál es el punto de rocío?
b. ¿Cuál es el porcentaje de humedad relativa?
c. ¿Cuál es el porcentaje de humedad?
 13. Se planea deshumidificar 500 m3/min de aire en una torre empacada que estará instalada al
nivel del mar. El aire se hallará inicialmente a 40.5°C con una temperatura de bulbo
húmedo de 32°C. El aire saldrá con una temperatura de bulbo húmedo de 15.5°C y
saturado. Calcular:
a. La cantidad de agua condensada en kg/h.
b. El flujo volumétrico de aire a la salida de la torre en m3/min.

14. Un secador rotatorio se le alimentan 3000 kg/h de arena con una humedad del 50%. La arena
que sale del secador tiene una humedad del 3% (en base húmeda). Para secar la arena se
usa una corriente de aire caliente a 50°C y
0.007 kg H2O/kg de aire seco que entra a contracorriente y sale saturado en una humidificación
adiabática. Calcule la cantidad de aire necesario y la humedad del aire de salida.

15. Asling psychrometer is a device to measure the humidity of air. A porous cloth (the
wick) is wrapped around the bulb of a mercury thermometer, which is then whirled
around in the air. As the water in the wick evaporates, the temperature of the
thermometer bulb drops, and finally stabilizes at the wet-bulb temperature of the air. The
dry-bulb temperature is read from a second thermometer mounted on the sling. 
 One
summer day, the weather bureau reports a temperature of 33 C and a relative humidity
of 40%. You wipe the sweat from your forehead and remark to a friend that you’d bet $5
that the report is wrong, and the relative humidity is higher than 80%. He immediately
puts a $5 bill on the table, accepting your challenge. You bring out your sling
psychrometer, whirl it around, and read a dry-bulb temperature of 35 C and a wet-bulb
temperature of 27 C. Who wins the bet? 


16. Humid air is enclosed in a 2.00-liter flask at 40 C. The flask is slowly cooled. When the
temperature reaches 20 C, drops of moisture become visible on the flask wall. Although
the pressure in the flask changes when the temperature drops, it remains close enough
to 1 atm for the psychrometric chart to provide a close representation of the behavior of
the system throughout the process. Use the chart to solve the following problems.


(a) What were the relative humidity, absolute humidity, and wet-bulb temperature of the air at
40 C?


(b) Calculate the mass of the water in the flask.

(c) Calculate the enthalpy change in joules undergone by the air in going from 40 C to 20
C.


(d) Write an energy balance for this closed-system process, taking the wet air in the flask as
the system, and use it to calculate the heat in joules that must be transferred from the air to
accomplish the cooling. (Assume ideal gas behavior, so that )
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