WA R

T H AT
C H A NG E D

By Steven Lee
Block F
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
RESOURCES................................................................1
PREPARATION............................................................3
LEADERS......................................................................4
BATTLES.....................................................................5-6
MINORITY GROUP.....................................................6
MILITARY CAMPS.......................................................7
LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT...................................8
AFTERMATH...............................................................9
RECONSTRUCTION..................................................10
BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................................11
 . : RES OURC ES : .

The Confederacy lacked resources and abilities in the

manufacturing side of its resources. It did have many cash crops
but they proved to be useless when abroad trades halted and
they were not turned into goods. However, most of America’s
notable generals of that time sided with the Confederacy.

PREPARATION
SOUTH ADVANTAGES
• Experienced military generals
• More familiar with the battlefield environment

SOUTH DISADVANTAGES
•Lower population
• Relatively shorter amount of railroads
• Slower transportation of supplies
 GE NE R A LS
Richard S. Ewell 1817 - 1872
Nicknamed “Baldy” later om during his military career, Robert Ewell
was born with a military background, where one of his grandfathers
was the secretary of the American Navy. Graduating from a military
school, and ranked to first lieutenant in 1845. Richard was able to
achieve his senior status as military officer by serving under the
command of renowned general Robert E. Lee during the Battle of
Gettysburg.

James Longstreet 1821-1904

Called “Old War Horse” by his comrades, James was one of the
prominent confederate Generals. He was the basically the second
general in command after Robert E. Lee. He was one of the
commanders of the Northern Army of Virginia but served alongside
Richard S. Ewell under the command of Robert Lee in the Battle of
Gettysburg. Longstreet was noted for arguing with Robert about the
tactics. After the end of Civil War. James had a successful life as a
diplomat and politician.

Joseph E. Johnston 1807-1891

Before the civil war, Johnston was able to attain valuable military
experiences from the Mexican War and serving in other states as a
civil engineer. This man served as a Confederate senior general in the
Battle of Bullrun and in many other notable battles. He was
denounced at due to his failures in the Vicksburg Campaign mainly
because he was not aggressive enough in warfare.. After the Civil
War, Johnston served in the congress and later died from pneumonia.
 Battles
Chancellorsville April 30 - May 6
Chancellorsville was a major battle of the Civil War that was won by
the Confederacy. It was considered to be one of the bloodiest battles of
the American Civil War, marking over 24,000 casualties. The Union
troops were led by General Hooker, who was a famous general that got
all the girls. On the other hand, the Confederacy was led by Robert E.
Lee and his right hand general Thomas J. Jackson. The Union tactic
was to cross the Rappanhannock river and flank the stationary
Confederate troops. However, the Confederate troops defense was
impregnable and sporadic fighting broke out as the troops advanced on
each other. Despite the Union had a larger number of soldiers than the
Confederate army had, they lost due to disorganized ranks and
leadership. Additionally, Jackson lost his arm from a friendly fire, thus
ending his military career and the loss of Robert E. Lee’s “right arm.”

First Battle of Sumter April 12-13, 1861

The First Battle of Sumter was probably the turning point of United
States’ history. It marked the beginning of the Civil War for it was the
first case of violent conflict between the Union and the young
Confederacy. Fort Sumter was a fortress that was at that time occupied
by the Union. However, when the Confederacy asked the Union troops
to get out since the fort was on the Southern side, President Lincoln
ignored the warning of the Confederacy and continued to send food and
resources to the fort. So on April 12, the battleships opened fire on the
Union troops at Fort Sumter and the Union troops surrendered within 1
day after being relentlessly bombarded with shells and such. The
Confederate troops were commanded by P.G.T. Beaureguard while the
Union troops were led by Robert Anderson
t

Second Battle of Sumter September 8, 1863

After the Confederate troops took over Fort Sumter in 1861, the
Union decided to try to recapture or just attack the fort. Led by
Major General Quincy Gillmore, he ordered the fort to be
reduced to rubbles. So after 1 day of bombing and shelling the
Fort was obliterated and nothing much remained. On top of an
overkill to a fort, it was only defended by 320 Confederate
troops that were under the command of General P.G.T.
Beauregard, the general that captured the fort in first place.
The battle lasted only one day.

Minority group during the Civil War

The freed African Americans in the Union enlisted in the amy
to help free slaves in the South. Even though they were not
treated equally even in the army, they were content with the
thought of helping and free their friends that were still
enslaved. Also, African American soldiers were one of the most
loyal soldiers in the army.
M IL ITARY C AM PS
Life was really boring for the soldiers at
these military camps. The soldiers were either
trying to find new ways to defeat their enemies,
or doing small things to pass time. Some of
these things included gambling, racing, and
other games. Also, the soldiers took time to
write letters to their families back at home
because they would not know if they could see
them ever again.

The time the soldiers had at camps served as good opportunity for the
soldiers to practice war tactics so that they would not mess during battles. These
included practicing drumming and getting into battle formations, as well as
marching.

The survival rate for the soldiers

in this war was 1 out of 4
L I F E ON TH E H OM E F RON T
--WOMEN--
As most male figures went to fight in the war, the women and female people
decided they wanted to contribute in helping their side win. They did this
by helping sew uniforms in factories, became nurses and treated the
wounded and the sick, and even defended home towns from the enemies.
United States have never seen women this active in the society before.

INFLATION
The Civil War costed both sides huge amount of supplies for the soldiers
the the battlefront. Therefore, supplies became scarce even back at the
home front. Inflation occurred when money was being printed without any
profit gained, and thus there were minor financial problems.
 Aftermath of the War
Most of the battles were fought on
Southern territory. Therefore, there
were many damages upon the area
and many villages were burned to
Over 610,000 Americans lost their
lives, both fighting for what they
believed. The American Civil War
killed more Americans than it did
in the both World Wars.

the ground. Additionally, around a

generation was killed off due to the
fighting that it later affected the
labor force during post Civil War.
Overall, the Civil War inflicted
heavy damages that would greatly
disrupt the way of living after the
War, because all African Americans
were to be set free and be able to
start their own lives. Lastly, the
really poor white people were also at
the bottom of pyramid, considering
slaves were equal too.
.:R ECONSTRUCTION: .
Since the Civil War left huge damage on the infrastructure and the land of
the South, it is crucial that the the State provide ways to rebuild buildings and
provide fertile land to the Southerners so that agriculture can resume and the
South would be able to sustain itself.

The Reconstruction had a goal to reintegrate the Southern people back into
the Union as wells as get their economy running. However, conmen used the
South people’s derived state and earned money off from selling load of junks
while saying htat these would help whatever illness they have. Another negative
effect was the occurring of the poverty cycle of the farmers where they would
become debt. Lastly, animosity rose agains the Northern republicans rose such
as the KKK and other racist groups.

I would call for the revision of the Constitution or further amendments so that
the freedman would be able to live without much distress in the newly formed
society. On the economical side of the country, international trade must be
reopened so I would call for the reconstruction of damaged ships or ports for
marine trade. Lastly, I would change the presidenti
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during-the-american-civil-war>.

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Fort_Sumter>.

"Second Battle of Fort Sumter." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/

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"Richard S. Ewell." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Richard_S._Ewell>.

"Confederate General Joseph Johnston." American Civil War History Timelines Battle Map Pictures. U.S. Army Archives.

Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://americancivilwar.com/south/General_Joseph_Johnston_CSA.html>.

"James Longstreet Biography." The American Civil War Home Page. Stewart Sifakis. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. <http://

www.civilwarhome.com/longbio.htm>.

Kelly, Martin. "Overview of the American Civil War - War and Aftermath." American History From About. Web. 09 Nov.

2011. <http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarmenu/a/civiloverview_2.htm>.