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• To simulate the flow over a cylinder for Re 103 and 104 using different turbulence
models and to compare the results and suggest the best model for this case.
• To obtain the coefficients of lift and drag and to compare it with the theoretical data
available.
• To find the Strouhal number from the simulation and to compare it with the
theoretical data available.
PROBLEM SPECIFICATION
• Unsteady state.
𝜌𝑈𝐷
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
SOLUTION DOMAIN
• A circular domain will be used for this
simulation.
• Mesh Size
• Level – 0
• Cells – 18432
• Faces – 37056
• Nodes – 18624
• Partitions – 1
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
• We will set the left half of the outer
boundary as a velocity inlet.
-0.400
-2.000
-0.500
-3.000
-4.000 -0.600
-5.000 -0.700
Time (s)
-6.000 -0.800
NUMERICAL RESULTS
Re 1000 (K-Omega Model)
Cd Vs Time CL Vs Time
NUMERICAL RESULTS
Re 1000 (K-Omega SST Model)
Cd Vs Time CL Vs Time
NUMERICAL RESULTS
Re 104 (K-Epsilon Model)
Cd Vs Time CL Vs Time
NUMERICAL RESULTS
Re 104 (K- Omega Model)
Cd Vs Time CL Vs Time
NUMERICAL RESULTS
Re 104 (K- Omega SST Model)
Cd Vs Time CL Vs Time
NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS
• We can see how the lift coefficient changes with the flow time, becoming periodic
due to the vortex shedding from the cylinder.
• We can use this plot to calculate the Strouhal number of the flow, which is a ratio of
the unsteadiness in the flow to inertial forces in the flow field.
• We can calculate the Strouhal Number by calculating the frequency of the vortex
shedding from our plot.
RESULTS
Re Model Cd Cd Actual Cl Time period F (Hz) St No St Actual
0.2500
0.2000
0.1500
St
K-Epsilon
0.1000 k-Omega
K-Omega SST
0.0500
Theoretical
0.0000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Re
CD VS REYNOLDS NO
Drag Coefficient Vs Re No
1.60000
1.40000
1.20000
1.00000
0.80000
Cd
K-Epsilon
0.60000 K-Omega
K-Omega SST
0.40000
Theoretical
0.20000
0.00000
0 2000 4000 Re
6000 8000 10000 12000
• We can see from the above comparison that the K-Omega SST model is the most
accurate among the three models as its value are closer to the theoretical data
available for flow over cylinder
DISCUSSIONS
• The simulation experiences some instabilities at the start and gradually stabilizes as
the flow develops.
• To avoid this, we can either patch the region and apply a initial condition of velocity
or run the simulation under steady state and then use this case as the boundary
condition for the unsteady simulation.
• This results in earlier vortices shedding and thus allows us to see the oscillation in the
lift coefficient vs time plot better.
• This also effectively reduces the time step size & number times steps to be run and
thus effectively capture the vortex shedding.
CONCLUSION
• Thus the flow over a cylinder was simulated in FLUENT 16.0 and the different
turbulence models were compared.
• The drag coefficient and the Strouhal no obtained from simulations were compared
to the theoretical data available and were found to be inline.
• It was found that the K-Omega SST Turbulence model was the most accurate and
the percentage error with the theoretical data for drag coefficient and Strouhal
number was 6% and 2% respectively which is acceptable.
THANK YOU!!!