CONES ROLLING TOGETHER WITHOUT SLIPPING

These are cylinders rolling together in a pure rolling contact in which the shafts of these cylinders are
not parallel but two or more shafts that are connected which lie in the same plane and make some angle with
each other.

A. External Pure Rolling Contact

These are cones in pure rolling contact in which the rotation of each cone is opposite to one another.

=+
O
 = angle between axes

Since, VA = VB due to pure rolling contact,

we have,

Velocity A = 2RANA

Velocity B = 2RBNB

Therefore,

2RANA = 2RBNB or NA/NB = RB/RA

NA But RA = OP sin  and
Shaft A
NB RB = OP sin , therefore,

𝑅𝐵 𝑂𝑃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
= =
𝑅𝐴 𝑂𝑃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
Shaft B
RA P
𝑁𝐴 sin 𝛽
=
R B 𝑁𝐵 sin 𝛼

Therefore, the angular speeds of two cones rolling together without slipping are inversely proportional as the
sines of the angles

Cone angles:
To calculate the cone angles, the angle between the axes and the speed ratio must be known.
sin 𝛽
𝑁𝐴 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛽 sin 𝛽 ⁄cos 𝛽 tan 𝛽
= = = = =
𝑁𝐵 sin 𝛼 sin(𝜃 − 𝛽) sin 𝜃 cos 𝛽 − cos 𝜃 sin 𝛽 sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 sin 𝛽
⁄cos 𝛽 sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 tan 𝛽
𝑁
sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃 tan 𝛽 = tan 𝛽 ( 𝐵⁄𝑁 )
𝐴
𝑁𝐵
sin 𝜃 = tan 𝛽 ( ⁄𝑁 ) + cos 𝜃 tan 𝛽
𝐴
𝑁𝐵
sin 𝜃 = tan 𝛽 ( ⁄𝑁 + cos 𝜃)
𝐴
Whence,
sin 𝜃
tan 𝛽 =
𝑁𝐵
( ⁄𝑁 ) + cos 𝜃
𝐴

In similar manner,
 sin 𝜃
tan ∝=
𝑁𝐴
( ⁄𝑁 ) + cos 𝜃
𝐵

B. Internal Pure Rolling Contact

These are cones in pure rolling contact in which the rotation of each cone is the same to one another.

O
=-
 = angle between axes

NA

P Shaft B
NB 
Shaft A



Since the direction of each cone has changed, speed ratio for internal pure rolling contact is still the
same with the speed ratio for an external pure rolling contact

𝑁𝐴 sin 𝛽
=
𝑁𝐵 sin 𝛼

Given that  =  +  and  =  - , the equation for cone angles are;

sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
tan 𝛼 = and tan 𝛽 =
𝑁 𝑁𝐵
cos 𝜃 − ( 𝐴⁄𝑁 ) ( ⁄𝑁 ) − cos 𝜃
𝐵 𝐴

Sample Problem:

1. Two shafts, having axes in the same plane intersecting at an angle of 45 O, turn in opposite sense at
30 rpm and 90 rpm. Diameter of base of smaller cone is 1 inch. Calculate the cone angles.
2. Same with the previous problem except that the shafts turn in the same sense.