P
1
P P P
4
P P P P P P P P P P1 P
1 2 1 3 5 2 4 1 3 5 4 3
0 5 7 1011
P1 P P P P
2 4 3 5
n~-#y7np
0 3 8 13 19 26 34 51
P P P P P P P
1 3 2 4 3 5 1
0 3 5 7 8 10
P1 P P P2 P
3 5 4
*
¾ 39
482@ÊË]32 TIEHUhMHUdc8Ñ Ç dcIeÒmiA8IqcBa->MBDH È
Ì 2SÍ57Î
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç OLK(bJHÉ È ·
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç dSKDAbEA È ·
Òi c8IJc8BD?>GcbJH Á >MBF(HÉ Â ·
>NBDF(HÉi >MBF(HÉÓ ·
57Ã >MBDFHÉ ,
¼UÆ 2@Î0U5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç T>NH#BA È
2 Ð 02¯0U5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç d@KAbJA È ·
057ÍÎ Ç O¨K(bEH#É È ·
¿ Ð
2@ÎÊ ·
./102-34-57685:9Ô
Õ bE>NhM>Nf#fcIJHhMH1TIJ>MOP>MbE>Nd8H Ï ¿ 5 ¼ H 057ÍÎ ¿DÐ F(H#ÖDB>MbEH`CEK>
CVHUOc ² A8IJ>mTHUIeIEHchN>MfUfUc8IEHKDB!CEH#OPThN>N?#HTIEA-a8IqcOPOcL?#A8BD?#A8IJIEHUB-bJH
TH#IIE>GCVA-hMd-H#IJH">MhTDIEA-hMHUOc1FH#>DhNHbEbEA-IE>¦×CJ?IJ>©bEbEA-IE>(?qªHeTA-CJCEc`?UcKDCJcIJH_h:
cbEbEHUCJc>NBDF(HÖB>©bqc Ç CVbJc8IEdcbE>NA8B È OcBA8BPhNAC«bqchNhMA
Ç F(HUc-F(hNA@?qØ È F(HU>
TIJA@?#HUCJCV>
?#A8OPTA8BHUB-bJ> '
n~-#y7np
Ù H#hTIJA8hNH#Oc¯F(HU>TDIEA(?HCECE>
hNHbEbEA8IJ>¦×CJ?IJ>©bEbEA8IJ>
TKAº cd@d8H#BD>MIJH`>Mh ² H#BDA8OPH#BAxF(>cbVbJHUCJc>MBF(HÖDBD>©bqc·m>MB ² cbVbJ>:YCEHOPH#BSbEIJH¯Hº
TDIEHCVHUB-bJH±KDBxTIJA(?HCECEALhNHbEbEA8IJH1BH#hNhNcPCEH#fU>MA-BH1?#IE>MbE>G?#cDY(?A8BSbJ>MB@KDc8BA¨c-FcIJIJ>MdcIJH±c8h©bJIE>mhNHbEbEA8IJ>jY@bEK(bEbE>>TIJA(?HUCJCE>mCJ?IJ>MbVbEA-IE>
FAdSIqcBDBAc-CVTHbEbJc8IEH Ç cbVbJHUCJcP>MBDFHÖDB>MbJc È h:
KDCJ?>MbJcF(HUhMhj
Kh©bJ>MOPAhNHbEbEA8IJHFc8hMhGcPCVKDcPCEH#fU>MA-BH`?IJ>©bJ>N?UcYIJ>MhGc8CJ?>GcBF(A?#A-CtºÚmhNc
O¨K(bEKcPHUCJ?hNKDCV>NA8BDHCEKh
CEH#Oc ² A-IEAPF( '
02@Å ¿ ¾%Æ 932 OLK(bJHÉ YF ·
5:Î ¼ IJ? , ·
Ä95:Ê ´ #H bVbJA8IJH Ç È
Û
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç O¨K(bEH#É È ·
IJ? ` ·
57ÃÇ IJ? ` È Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç F( È ·
0U5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç OLKbEHÉ È ·
´ H#bVbEKDIJc-Ü±Ý Ç È ·
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç O¨K(bEH#É È ·
IJ?8ÓÓ`·
57ÃÇ IJ? ` ,-È 057ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç F( È ·
0U5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç OLKbEHÉ È ·
Þ
Ä95:Ê (= ?#IE>MbVbJA8IJH Ç È
Û
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç F È ·
=(?IJ>MbVbEKDIJc-Ü±Ý Ç È ·
0U5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç F( È ·
Þ
./102-34-57685:9ß
´ KBa-A!KDBDcgC«bJIJc-FcxcgF(KDHP?#A8IqCV>NHHPFA8TT>NACVHUBDCEA!F(>OPc8IJ?#>NcDY>MBF(>NIJH#f#>NA8BDH¨BA-IJF µ CEKDFYd@>"HPº KBTA-B-bJH¯c8FàKBDcgCEA8hGc
?#A8IqCV>GcY%TH#Iq?A-IEIJ>MD>MhNHcCEH#BDCEAKDB>N?#Aàc8h©bJH#IJBDcbJA '¸ h_TA8BSbEHxªDchGc?UcTDc-?>Mbcº F(> Ù cK(bJA8OPA8>NhN> '´ H!ávÑ1F(>MIJHbEbEHxd8H#IqCEA
BDA8IqF Ç CEKDF È TASCECEA8BAxcbVbJIJcd-H#IqCEc8IEH>NhTA8BSbJH¨CEA8hNACVH¨BA8BH¨º cbEbEIqcd8HUIJCJcbJAPFDc¯BHCECEKBDc¯áeâ¨F(>NIEH#bVbJcd8HUIJCEACEKDF Ç BDA8IqF È{'
=?IJ>Md-H#IJH±>Nh
TIJA8a-IJc8OOcLIEHUhNcbE>Nd8APc>
TIJA(?HCECE>"ãEávÑ wy}lEp#sjsäzxz¯mnlEwå HgãEáeâ wy}lEp#sjsäzxzPr{~Dwå K(bE>NhN>MfUfUcBF(A>
CVHUOc ² A8IJ> '
)
n~-#y7np
æ HUIeIE>GCEA8hNd8H#IJHv>Nh
TIJA8DhMHUOPc¨A(?#?#A8IJIEH-i
8' >NOTDhMHUOHUBSbJcIJH¨FKH¨hN>GC«bJH¨F(>cbEbEHCEcDYKDBDc¯TH#I1hMHPcKbEA8OPA->MhN>TIEAd-H#B>NBH#bE>FDc¯BA-IJFHhj
c8h©bJIJcTH#IhNH¨c8K(bEA-OA->NhM>
TIJAd8HUB>MHUBSbE>FcCEKDFY"HUF<>NOTDhMHUOHUBSbJcIJhNHC ² IJK(bVbqcBDFA>vCVHUOc ² A8IJ>eTIJ>MdcbE> Ç ?>Gc8CJ?KBDcc8K(bEA-OA->NhMHF(HUd8HHUCJCEH#IJH
F(A8bJcbqcPF(>
KBCEH#Oc ² A-IEATIJ>MdcbJA È ·
*(' IJHUchN>Nf#fUc8IEH±hNcPO¨K(bEKc¨HCE?#hMKCV>NA8BHTH#Iehj
c-?#?#HUCJCVAPchNhMH`dc8IE>Gc>NhN>m?qªDH`a8Ad8HUIEBcBA>Nh
TA8BSbEH`HhNH`hM>GCVbEHF(>]cbVbJHUCJc '
´ H`OPA@FDchN>©bc¨º IJH#hN>Nf#fUcbE>Nd8HCVA-BAPhMH`CEH#a-KH#BSbE>ji
µ >Gc8CJ?KBDcB@KAdc¨OPc-?#?qª>NBDcP?qªH`cIJIJ>Mdc¨>MBgTIJA-CJCV>NOP>©bc¨º FH#h
TA8BSbEHFH#d8H`?#A8BSbEIJA8hNhNc8IEHvbEIJH`?A8BF(>MfU>MA-B>ji
8' CEH?#>]CEA8BAPOc8?U?qª>MBDH?qªDHCVbJc8BBAcbEbEIqcd8HUIJCJcBDFA>Mh]TA-B-bJH`BH#hNhj
c8h©bJIEACEH#BDCEAD·
*(' CEH?#>]CEA8BA Ù cKbEA8OPA->MhN>TIJAd8HUB>MHUBSbE>FchNhNAPCVbEHCECEAd8H#IqCEA?qªHCVbJc8BBAPa8>tcº cbVbJIJcd-H#IqCEc8BDF(A¨>Mh
TA8BSbJH8·
)' CEH1?#>
CVA-BA¨c8K(bEA-OA->NhM>?qªHC«bqcBBDAcbVbEIqcd8HUIJCJcBF(A`>MhTA8BSbJH±BHUhMhNAPC«bJHUCJCVAPCVHUBDCEALH`?>CEA8BAchMbEIJH1c8K(bEA-OA->NhM>
?qªH`CEA8BAP>NBgcbVbJHUCJcFDchNh:
chMbEIqcLTcIEbEH`F(H#h]TA-B-bJH '
¸ B!bEK(bEbE>
HbJIEH>]?Uc8CE>h:
cKbEA8OPA->MhNH`F(H#d-H`CVASC«bqcIJH1c-FKBCEH#Oc ² A-IEATIJ>MdcbEA '
µç KDc8BDF(AeKB
cKbEA8OPA->MhNHá Ñ CVbJccbVbEIqcd8HUIJCJcBF(AQ>Nh8TA8BSbJH8YchNh:
KDCJ?>MbJcFDcRSKHUCVbEAvFH#d8H?#A8BSbEIJA8hNhGcIJH%CEHHº hj
Kh©bJ>MOcDi
>MB
bJc8h8?#c-CVAYUCEH?>SCVA-BAecK(bJA8OPA8>NhN>>MBcbVbJHUCJcQ>NBCEH#BDCEA"A8TTA-CVbEAYUhGc"TIJ>MOceF(>8RSKHC«bJHF(Ad@Icº >NB>Nf#>GcIJHh:
cbEbEIqcd8H#IqCJcOPH#B(è
bEA Ç TH#IH#d@>©bqcIJHh:
cbEbEHCEce>NBDF(H#ÖDB>MbJc È ·8c8h©bJIE>NOPH#BSbE>->MhSTA-BSbEHd-H#IJIceº cbVbEIqcd8HUIJCJcbJA_FDceKB
chMbEIqceOc8?U?qª>MBc"TIEAd-H#B>NH#BSbJH
Fc8hMhNAC«bJHUCJCVACEH#BCVAF(>QOcIq?>Gc '!é >G?H#d-H#IqCEcDYCEH¯á Ñ BA8BHº hj
Kh©bJ>MOcc8K(bEA-OPA8>NhMH¯c-FKDCJ?>NIEH¯Fc8hTA8BSbEH-YCE>QFH#d8H
?A-BSbEIJA8hNhNc8IEH`?qªH¨BA8B?#>CE>GcBA¯c8K(bEA-OA->NhM>>MBàcbVbJHUCJc¯chNhGcPÖDBHF(H#hTA-BSbEH8YmBHUhRSKDc8h?Uc8CEACV>%F(HUd8A8BDAIE>GCVd-H#a-hM>GcIJH
Ø Ù ÓeIc8K(bEA-OPA8>NhM>TIJAd8H#BD>MHUB-bJ>DFc8hMhNALCVbEHUCJCEACVHUBDCVA Ç HUCJCVHUBDF(A Ù hNcTA-IVbqcbJc`FH#hTA-B-bJH8YSHUFI>MhB@KOPH#IJALF(>c8K(bEA
IJ>MOcBDH#BSbE>
CEKh
TA8BSbEHKBcPd8A8hMbJc?qªHá±Ñ%BHPH1º KDCE?#>©bqc È'
ê F(H#ÖDBH`A@A8hNHUcB 57Î ¼
ê F(H#ÖDBH ² c8hNCEH ,
ê F(H#ÖDBHbJIEKHë ² chGCEH
A@A8hNHUc8Bg=@KDh æ A-B-bJHUÜ1c-=@KF ² chGCVH-·
5:Î ¼ K(bJA8OPA8D>MhN>G=(Kh æ A-BSbEH , ·
×-ì8ì-ì8ì8ì-ì8ì-ì8ì8ì-ì8ì-ìì8ìì-ìì±Ü Ù ¹ vÜíì8ì-ì8ì8ì-ì8ì-ì8ì8ì-ì8ì-ìì8ìì-ìì8×
Ä95:Ê ?U?HCECEA K(bEA-OA->NhM> æ IJAd8HUB>MHUBSbE>Gܱc Ù A8IqF Ç È
Û
57Î ¼ >j·
> ܱHbJH#IJO>NBDc æ IJA8TIJ>MA ¸ BDF(>G?H Ç È ·
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç O¨K(bEH#É È ·×-ì ¹ bEbE>NH#BH`hGcOLK(bJKDcPHUCJ?hNKDCE>MA-BHì8×
57ÃÇ =@Kh æ A8BSbEHܱcS=@KDFîMîë é KA8bJc Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱcS=@KDF È îNî K(bJA8OPA8D>MhN>G=(Kh æ A-BSbEH ` Ù È
Û
æ KDCVª Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱc Ù A8IqFY > È ·×8ì ´
cK(bJA8OPA8D>MhNHdcPOPHCECJcL>NBghM>GCVbJcF
cbEbEHUCJc¯ì8×
Þ
2 Ð 02
Û
=@Kh æ A8BSbEHܱc Ù A8IqF bEIJKH-·
K(bJA8OPA8>NhN>G=@KDh æ A-B-bJH ` ·
0U5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç é Ç > ÈEÈ ·m×-ì Ù ¹ Ù d8A-a8hN>Nc8OAP?qªHhj
c8K(bEA-OA->NhMH`CE>
c8FF(A-IEOPHUB-bJ> 'M'N' f#fUf¨ì8×
Þ
0U5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç OLKbEHÉ È ·×8ìLe>MhGc8CJ?>GchNcO¨K(bEKDcPHCE?#hMKCV>NA8BHLì-×
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç é Ç > ÈVÈ ·m×8ì FF(A8IJOPH#BSbJchj
c8K(bEA-OPA8>NhMHLì-×
Þ
Ä95:Ê Õ JC ?>MbJc K(bJA8OPA8D>MhN> æ IEAd-H#B>NH#BSbJ>NÜ1c Ù A8IqF Ç È
Û
57Î ¼_ï ·
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç O¨K(bEH#É È ·×-ì ¹ bEbE>NH#BH`hGcOLK(bJKDcPHUCJ?hNKDCE>MA-BHì8×
K(bJA8OPA8D>MhN>G=(Kh æ A-BSbEH8ÓÓ`·
57ÃÇ K(bJA8OPA8D>MhN>G=(Kh æ A-BSbEH ` ,SÈ ×-ì=@HHº h:
KhMbE>NOPcc8K(bEA-OPA8>NhMH 'M'N' ì8×
Û
×-ì 'N'N' c8hMhNA8Iqc¨CE>
F(HUd8H`?A-B-bJIEA-hMhGcIJH?qªH`?HBA8BgBHCE>GcBAPFchNhj
c8h©bJIJcTDc8IVbJHì-×
57ÃvÇ é KAbqc Ç ´ >GC«bqc bVbJHUCJc8Ü1c-=@KF ÈVÈ
Û
×-ì=@d8HUa8hN>Ncch
TD>VK º Ù cKbEA8OPA->MhN>>NBgcbVbJHUCJc¨FcPBDA8IqFgì-×
Ï Æ 5 Ð 2Ç ë é KA8bJc Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱc Ù A8IqF È_ð`ð K(bEA-OPA8>NhM>}=@Kh æ A8BSbJHñ Ù È
Û
KbEA8OPA->MhN>}=@Kh æ A8BSbEH ` ·
ï æ A8T Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱc Ù A8IqF È ·
057ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç é Ç ï ÈVÈ ·
Þ
Þ
2 Ð 0U2
Û
×8ì¨=@d-H#a8hN>Gcc8hT>VK º Ù c8K(bEA-OPA8>NhM>>NBcbEbEHUCJcPFcPCVKFì-×
=@Kh æ A8BSbJHUÜ1c Ù A-IJF ² c8hNCEH8·
=@Kh æ A8BSbJHUÜ1c-=@KDF bJIEKDH8·
Ï Æ 5 Ð 2Ç ë é KA8bJc Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱcS=@KDF È"ð`ð K(bJA8OPA8>NhN>G=@KDh æ A-B-bJHPñ Ù È
Û
KbEA8OPA->MhN>}=@Kh æ A8BSbEH ` ·
ï æ A8T Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱcS=@KDF È ·
057ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç é Ç ï ÈVÈ ·
Þ
Þ
Þ
2 Ð 02
Û
57ÃvÇ é KAbqc Ç ´ >GC«bqc bVbJHUCJc8Ü1c-=@KF È"ð`ð ë é KAbqc Ç ´ >NCVbJc bVbJHUCJc8Ü1c Ù A-IJF ÈVÈ
Û
KbEA8OPA->MhN>}=@Kh æ A8BSbEH ` ·
ï æ A8T Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱc Ù A8IqF È ·
057ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç é Ç ï ÈVÈ ·
Þ
2 Ð 0U2
Û
=@Kh æ A8BSbJHUÜ1c Ù A-IJF ² c8hNCEH8·
Þ
Þ
0U5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç OLKbEHÉ È ·×8ìLe>MhGc8CJ?>GchNcO¨K(bEKDcPHCE?#hMKCV>NA8BHLì-×
Þ
&
-× ì8ì-ì8ì8ì-ì8ì-ì8ì8ì-ì8ì-ìì8ìì-ìì±Ü = Õ Üíì8ì-ì8ì8ì-ì8ì-ì8ì8ì-ì8ì-ì8ìì-ìì8ì×
Ä95:Ê ?U?HCECEA K(bEA-OA->NhM> æ IJAd8HUB>MHUBSbE>GܱcS=@KDF Ç È
Û
57Î ¼ >j·
> ܱHbJH#IJO>NBDc æ IJA8TIJ>MA ¸ BDF(>G?H Ç È ·
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç O¨K(bEH#É È ·×-ì ¹ bEbE>NH#BH`hGcOLK(bJKDcPHUCJ?hNKDCE>MA-BHì8×
57ÃÇ =@Kh æ A8BSbEHܱc Ù A-IJF È îNîmë é KDAbJc Ç ´ >NCVbJc bVbEHCEc-ܱc Ù A-IJF È îNî KbEA8OPA->MhN>}=@Kh æ A8BSbEH ` Ù È
Û
æ KDCEª Ç ´ >NCVbJc bVbJHUCJc8Ü1c-=@KDF
Y > È ·×-ì ´
cK(bJA8OPA8>NhNH±dcPOPHUCJCEc>NBxhN>GC«bqcF
cbVbJHUCJcì-×
Þ
2 Ð 02
Û
=@Kh æ A8BSbEHܱcS=@KDF bJIEKH-·
K(bJA8OPA8>NhN>G=@KDh æ A-B-bJH ` ·
0U5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç é Ç > ÈEÈ ·m×-ì Ù ¹ Ù d8A-a8hN>Nc8OAP?qªHhj
c8K(bEA-OA->NhMH`CE>
c8FF(A-IEOPHUB-bJ> 'M'N' f#fUf¨ì8×
Þ
0U5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç OLKbEHÉ È ·×8ìLe>MhGc8CJ?>GchNcO¨K(bEKDcPHCE?#hMKCV>NA8BHLì-×
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç é Ç > ÈVÈ ·m×8ì FF(A8IJOPH#BSbJchj
c8K(bEA-OPA8>NhMHLì-×
Þ
Ä95:Ê Õ JC ?>MbJc K(bJA8OPA8D>MhN> æ IEAd-H#B>NH#BSbJ>NÜ1c-=@KF Ç È
Û
57Î ¼_ï ·
Ï ¿ 5 ¼ Ç O¨K(bEH#É È ·×-ì ¹ bEbE>NH#BH`hGcOLK(bJKDcPHUCJ?hNKDCE>MA-BHì8×
K(bJA8OPA8D>MhN>G=(Kh æ A-BSbEH8ÓÓ`·
57ÃÇ K(bJA8OPA8D>MhN>G=(Kh æ A-BSbEH ` ,SÈ ×-ì=@HHº h:
KhMbE>NOPcc8K(bEA-OPA8>NhMH 'M'N' ì8×
Û
×8ì 'M'N' chNhMA-IJcCV>F(H#d-H?#A8BSbEIJA8hNhGcIJH±?qªH`?H`BDA8B!BHCV>GcBDAPFDchNh:
chMbEIqcLTcIEbEHLì8×
57ÃvÇ é KAbqc Ç ´ >GC«bqc bVbJHUCJc8Ü1c Ù A8IqF ÈVÈ
Û
×8ìLCEd8H#a-hM>Gcch
T>VK º Ù cK(bJA8OPA8D>MhN>>MBcbVbEHCEcFcCEKDFì8×
Ï Æ 5 Ð 2Ç ë é KA8bJc Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱcS=@KDF È"ð`ð K(bJA8OPA8>NhN>G=@KDh æ A-B-bJHPñ Ù È
Û
KbEA8OPA->MhN>}=@Kh æ A8BSbEH ` ·
ï æ A8T Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱcS=@KDF È ·
057ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç é Ç ï ÈVÈ ·
Þ
Þ
2 Ð 0U2
Û
×8ì¨=@d-H#a8hN>Gcc8hT>VK º Ù c8K(bEA-OPA8>NhM>>NBcbEbEHUCJcPFcBA8IqFì8×
=@Kh æ A8BSbJHUÜ1c-=@KDF ² c8hNCEH8·
=@Kh æ A8BSbJHUÜ1c Ù A-IJF bJIEKH-·
Ï Æ 5 Ð 2Ç ë é KA8bJc Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱc Ù A8IqF È_ð`ð K(bEA-OPA8>NhM>}=@Kh æ A8BSbJHñ Ù È
Û
KbEA8OPA->MhN>}=@Kh æ A8BSbEH ` ·
ï æ A8T Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱc Ù A8IqF È ·
057ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç é Ç ï ÈVÈ ·
Þ
¢
Þ
Þ
2 Ð 02
Û
57ÃvÇ é KAbqc Ç ´ >GC«bqc bVbJHUCJc8Ü1c Ù A8IqF È_ð`ð ë é KDAbJc Ç ´ >NCVbJc bVbEHCEc-ܱcS=@KDF ÈEÈ
Û
KbEA8OPA->MhN>}=@Kh æ A8BSbEH ` ·
ï æ A8T Ç ´ >GCVbJc bEbEHCEc-ܱcS=@KDF È ·
057ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç é Ç ï ÈVÈ ·
Þ
2 Ð 0U2
Û
=@Kh æ A8BSbJHUÜ1c-=@KDF ² c8hNCEH8·
Þ
Þ
U0 5:ÍÎ ¿Ð Ç OLKbEHÉ È ·×8ìLe>MhGc8CJ?>GchNcO¨K(bEKDcPHCE?#hMKCV>NA8BHLì-×
Þ
./102-34-57685:9ò
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hNHbEbEAgFcbEK(bEbE>a8hN> õ Ñ H>MBDA8hMbEIJH¨?>Gc8CJ?KDB õ Ñ FH#d8H¨hMHUa8a-H#IJH>OPHUCJCEc8a8a8>BH#hNhj
A-IJF(>NBH¨>MB?K>RSKHC«bJ>%CEA8BDAxCVbJcbJ>CVTHUF(>MbE> '
ú K(bEbJcd@>Nc¯a8hN> õ Ñ TA-CJCVA-BAhNH#a8a-H#IJH`KBACVbEHCECEA¯OPHUCJCJca8a->MAP>NBbEHUOPT>F>Md-H#IqCV>jiQ>NBKBàFcbJA¯>NCVbJc8BSbEH õû TKA!º cd8H#IvhMH#bVbEA
ÖBA¯cPøüOHCECJca-a8>mT>VKº F(> õ â ' =?IJ>Md-H#IJH±KBgOPA8BD>©bJA8IeTH#I>NOPThMHUOPH#BSbJc8IEH`RSKHUCVbEAPOPA(F(H#hNhNAPF>]?A-OLKB>G?#c8f#>NA8BH '
n~-#y7np
¼q½¾ 2 CVhNAb 32S4-9D3Ê
FcbJ>:iOCEaD·RSKDcBSbJ>:i ,D'M' ³·
2SÎÊ ·
K(÷mH#I ý¿ 33 ¿ ½Á ,'N' øíÓ # 9à CVhNAb·
cbEO¨K Å9Î5 ¼ 93 ·
Ä ¿ 3 K÷iK÷HUIU·
F>NCET
i ,'N' ø¯·
>NB
i ,D'M' øþÓ ·
c-F(HUCVbUi ,D'M' ³·
FAd8H8i ¿ 33 ¿ ½Á -'M' ³  9à ,D'M' øþÓ ·
OP>MbVbYF(HC«bi 489ÎÊ5 ¼ 579Î ·
¾ 39
482@ÊË]322@Î ¼ 3 ½ CEH#BDF Ç7ÿ iDOCVa È
Ì 2SÍ57Î
5:Ã F(>GCET , ¼UÆ 2SÎ OP>MbVb ' c>MbU·
F>NCETi F(>NCETÓ ·
DK(÷ Á >NB Âj' FcbE>i ÿ ·
DK(÷ Á >NB Âj' RSKDcBSbJ>i , ·
>NBi Ç >NB üÈ OPA(Fgø¯·
Ï Æ 5 Ð 2 c8F(HC«b , Ê9
Ì 2@Í5:Î
c8F(HC«bi c-F(HUCVb`Ó ·
F(HUCVb ' CV>Na8Bch
2@ÎÊ ·
2@ÎÊ ·
¾ 39
482@ÊË]322@Î ¼ 3 ½ IJHU?#H#>Nd8H Ç >ji 8'N' ³· Ä ¿ 3¨ÿ iDOPCEa È
Ì 2SÍ57Î
5:ÃvÇ F(>NCET ø 93 F(Ad-H Á >  >MB È ¼Æ 2@Î
Ì 2@Í5:Î
c8F(HC«bi c-F(HUCVb ü ·
F(HUCVb ' c8>©b
2@ÎÊ ·
ÿ i K÷ Á F(Ad8H Á > ÂNÂj' FcbJ>:·
DK(÷ Á F(Ad-H Á > ÂNÂj' RSKDcBSbJ>i K(÷ Á FAd8H Á > ÂMÂä' RSKDc8BSbE> ü ·
5:à K÷ Á F(Ad8H Á > ÂNÂj' RSKDcBSbE> ³ ¼Æ 2@Î
Ì 2@Í5:Î
F(>NCETi F(>GCVT ü ·
O>MbVb ' CE>Na8BDc8h
2@ÎÊ ·
FAd8H Á > Â i Ç F(Ad-H Á > Â È OPA(F!ø·
2@ÎÊ ·
Ì 2SÍ57Î Û >MBD>MfU>Nc8hM>Nf#fcf#>NA8BDH Þ
F>NCETi øùÓ ·
>NBi , ·
Ãä93 c-F(HUCVb`i ¼ 9 ³ Ê9 FAd8H Á c8FHUCVb  i , ·
c-F(HUCVb`i , ·
2@ÎÊ ·
./102-34-57685: 9
=(>]?A-BDCV>GF(HUIE>>Nh]CEH#a8KDH#BSbEH1a8Iqc ² AF(>
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´ c1IE>G?qª>NHUCVbJcF(>W^"BA8BPTKAº HCECEH#IJH_CEA(FF(>GC ² cbVbqc±TH#Iq?qª"H"» chMbEIJ>NOHUBSbE>(hNACVbJcbEA`F(HUhDCV>GCVbEH#OcF(>Nd8HUB-bqc1BA8BPCV>G?KDIEA ']¸ B ² cbVbE>jY
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./102-34-57685: 9
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Ç >á (? ! +*,- Á ) ¢Â}È YW [ Ç >á (? ! +*,- Á ) 8 Â¦È HPW \ Ç )á ( ! +*,- Á ) * *¦È{' æ H#IEbJc8B-bJADYhNc!CVbEHUCJCJc
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./102-34-57685:9@
=(>CVKTDTA-Ba-c!?qªHhNcxhM>GCVbJcgF(H#hNhNH¨TDc8IVbJ>MfU>MA-B>%hM>NH#IJHPF>OHUOPA8IJ>NcDYbJH#B@K(bqcx>NBA8IqF(>MBDH¨F(>>NBDF(>NIE>Nf#fUADY
?#A8BDCE>NCVbJc!F(>?#>MBDRSKH
BDA@F>]³XYD³LZ8Y³L[Y³\8Y³L^1hMH?#K>]F(>NOPH#BDCE>NA8B>H`a-hM>>NBDF(>NIE>Nf#fU>]CEA8BAIE>NTA8IEbJcbJ>BH#hNhGcbJcH#hNhGcCEH#a-KH#BSbJH8i
A nUwy By}up#r{y7ny C{mwy}l{yMqn
³ X ,8, D E D
³LZ &8,8, D ¢U, D
³L[ *8,8, D *,-F, D
³ \ )-,8, D &8*8F, D
³L^ ¢-,8, D *8,8,-F, D
±Ü Ad8HUBDF(A>NBDCEH#IJ>MIJHW%XYmWZ8YW[YmW]\¨IE>GCETH#bVbE>NdcOPH#BSbJHLF(> *(*FD Y( D Y 8*GD H *8¢FD Ç >NBRSKHUCVbJcCEKD?#?#HUCJCV>NA8BDH È Y?A-OH
H¨F(Ad8H`CJcIqcBBAPOPH#OPA-IE>Nf#fcbE>]KDCEc8BDF(AIH 5¦30 ¼,JLK¼ Ç ² c8?#H#BDFATDcIEbE>NIEH`hGcPIJ>N?#H#Iq?#cPFchNhGcPTDcIEbE>Nf#>NA8BH`CEKD?#?#HUCJCV>NdccRSKH#hNhNc
?#K>CE>
HUIJcPcIJIJ>MdcbJ>:YR-KcBDF
cB?qªH ² A-CJCVH`IJ>MOc-C«bJABDH#hNhNcCVbEHCECJcKBKD?#A¯F(>F(>NOPH#BDCE>NA8BHCE+K M¯?>NH#BSbEH-YDHFx>NB>Nf#>GcBDFA¯Fch
BDA@FA¯³X È OH N 2@0 ¼ JPK¼ '
n~-#y7np
A-Bgh:
chNa8A-IE>MbEOPQA H 5¦30 ¼ J H 5 ¼ cd@IJH#OPAhNcPCE>©bJKDcfU>MA-BH`CVHUa8KHUB-bJH8i
R lEnoqp{rqr{y Cwy}l{yMJ#y
WX ¢DU,D
WZ *8,8,-,FD
W[ S*8*FD
W \ BA-B!TDKAPº HUCJCVHUIEH`chNhNA@?UcbJA
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101K
610K
P
1
822K P
3
934K
1110K
1200K
1400K
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³ Z ¢D 8) D
³L[ *88, ,D *,-F, D
³ \ )-8, ,D &8*8F, D
³L^ 8 )D * D
A-B;N 2@0 ,¼ J H 5 ¼ hNcPCE>©bJKDcfU>MA-BH`CEc8Ic¨º >MB@d-HU?HhGcPCVHUa8KHUB-bJH8i
R lJnUoqprJr{y Cwy}l{yMJ#y
WX &8*8,FD
WZ ¢DU,D
W[ *,-,FD
W\ *8,8,-,FD
1K
101K
610K P2
1027K
1110K
1200K P3
1312K
1400K
1520K P1
1732K
1820K
2000K
P4
2426K
2600K
?#A8B!IEHUhNcbE>Ndc¨hN>GC«bqcPhM>NHUIJcDi
8
A nUwy B y}up#r{y7ny {C mwy}l{yMqn
³X ,8,D E D
³ Z 8 )FD ,-S* D
³L[ 8 FD ) *GD
³\ 8 FD )SG* D
³ ^ D * *8¢FD
./102-34-57685:9<;?S
¿UT =(>_?#A8BDCE>NFH#IJ>KBDcgOPH#OPA-IE>Gc?HUB-bJIJc8hMHa-HUCVbE>MbJc?#A8B>NhOPHbJA@FAF(H#hNhNH¯TDcIEbE>Nf#>NA8BD>OLKDh©bJ>MThNH8·CEA8BDATIEHCVHUBSbE>hNHc8IEHUH
hN>MH#IJHF(>F(>NOHUBDCE>MA-BH U,-F, D Y &8,8, D Y *,-F, D Y )-,8F, D Y ¢-,8, D Ç H#hNH#BD?UcbEH>MBA-IJF>MBHàF(>±>NBDF(>NIJ>MfUf#A¡?#IEHCE?#H#BSbEH È{' =@>
?A-BDCE>NF(HUIE>KBDcxCVHR-KDH#BfcF(>%RSKDcbEbEIJATIJA(?HUCJCE>?qªH¨BHU?#HUCJCV>MbJc8BADYIE>GCETH#bVbE>NdcOPH#BSbJH8Y *(G* D Y D Y 8G* D Y *F¢ D Y
H¯CE>F(HUCJ?IJ>Mdcg?A-OPHd-H#Ba-A8BAgchNhNA@?UcbJ>>MBOPH#OPA8IJ>Gc!FDca8hN>chNa8A-IE>MbEOPV> H 5¦30 ,¼ JLK¼ Y N 2@0 ¼ JPK¼ HUXF W 930 ,¼ JLK¼ ' =@>
?A-B ² IJA8BSbE>NBAhMHCE>©bJKDcfU>MA-B>IJ>NCEKhMbJcBSbJ> '
Ì T =@>QCEKTTA8BDa-cgA8IqcgF(>a-HUCVbE>NIEHPKBcOPH#OPA8IJ>NcgF(> *,-,8F, D THUIOPH#fUf#AF(>QTDca->MBDc8f#>NA8BH-YCE>?A-BDCE>NF(HUIE>NBAF(>NOPH#BDCE>NA8B>
F(>TDca->MBDHLF(> U,-F, D H *,-F, DP' =(>F(HCE?#IE>Ndchj
c8hMhNA(?#cfU>MA-BHF(>%OPH#OPA8IJ>Gc?A8BCVHUa8KHUB-bJH8Ymc ² IJA8BSbEHF(H#hNhNcCVHR-KDH#Bfc¯F(>
TIJA(?HUCJCE>mCEA8TDIJc¨>MBF(>N?Ucbqc '
n~-#y7np
U¿ T =(>NcBH#h%?#c-CVAF> H 5730 ,¼ JLK¼ ?>NIq?A8hGcIJH?qªH¨BH#h%?#c-CVA¯F(Y> W 930 ¼ JPK¼ YmCE>IJ>MHCE?#A8BA¯c-FchNhNA@?UcIJHCVA-hMA¯bEIJHLTIJA(?HUCJCE>CEK
RSKDcbEbEIJA Ç d-HUF(>Öa8KIqc È Yc?UcKDCJcgF(H#h ² H#BA-OHUBAF(HUhMhGIc Z lEzuupsäzy7npgprqstp#l{zÇ -& D TH#[I H 5¦30 ¼ JPK¼ Y &)-F) D
TH#I N 2@0 ¼ JPK¼ H S& D TH#)I W 9D30 ,¼ JLK¼ È{' æ H#IEbJc8B-bJADY>NBH#BSbJIJc8OL>
>?#c-CV>jYDACE>]TDIEA(?HF(Hc8FgKDB?A-OTcbVbqcOPH#BSbJA
F(HUhMhGcPOPH#OPA8IJ>NcPhN>NHUIJcPA¯CE>F(HUd8HcbVbEHUBDF(HUIEH?qªH¨R-KchG?qªHTIEA(?#HUCJCVAbEHUIEOP>NB> Ç c8FgHCVHUOTD>MAYDW%XYDBDH#h]TDIE>NOPA¯?#c8CEADY
HWZBH#h
CEHU?#A8BDF(A È{'
First-fit circolare Best-fit Worst-fit
P1
P2 P2
500 K
288 K
83 K 83 K
P3 200 K
200 K 200 K
88 K
P1
300 K 300 K 300 K
88 K
P1
P2 P4
P3
600 K
P3 276 K
174 K
71 K
*
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K(bJ>MhN>MfUf#AF(HUhMhGc¨bEHU?#B>G?#cPF(>TDc8a8>NBDcfU>MA-BH8Y(?A-BxTca8>NBHF(>
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