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λ = 55.8 pm + 0.74 pm = 56.5 pm 3–2 Find the de Broglie wavelength of (a) an electron whose
speed is 1.0 × 108 m/s, and (b) an electron whose speed is
2.0 × 108 m/s.
February 2, 2012
3–6 Find the de Broglie wavelength of a 1.00 MeV proton.
Is a relativistic calculation needed?
Try using the classical formulas and see what the speed v
turns out to be.
p2 √
E= ⇒ p = mv = 2mE
2m
p = 2(1.673 × 10−27 kg)106 eV × 1.602 × 10−19 J/eV
= 2.315 × 10−20 kg m/s
For this p, v = p/m = 1.38 × 107 m/s = 0.046c, which is
small enough to use the classical formulas. Therefore,
h 6.626 × 10−34
λ= = = 2.86 × 10−14 m = 28.6 fm
p 2.315 × 10−20
One can get the same result with the relativistic formulas.
Start with the relativistic E–p relation,
E = (pc)2 + (mc2 )2 .
The 1.00 MeV given is the KE of the proton; for the total
energy we must add the rest energy mc2 . It’s convenient to
take the mass of the proton as 938.28 MeV/c2 . Then
E = 1.00 MeV + mc2 = 1.00 + 938.28 = 939.28 MeV
Now solve for pc from the E–p relation:
pc = E 2 − (mc2 )2 = 939.282 − 938.282 = 43.33 MeV
Converting MeV to Joules and dividing by c leads to
p = 2.31 × 10−20 kg m/s,
which is essentially the same as the classical result above.
The wavelength h/p will be the same, too.
3–8 Find the kinetic energy of an electron whose de Broglie
wavelength is the same as that of a 100 keV x-ray.