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ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 4, April - 2013
1
Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Narsaraopeta Engineering college ,Andhra Pradesh,
India.
2
B.Tech student, Department of Mechanical Engineering Narsaraopeta Engineering college, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3
B.Tech student, Department of Mechanical Engineering Narsaraopeta Engineering college, Andhra Pradesh, India
4
B.Tech student, Department of Mechanical Engineering Narsaraopeta Engineering college, Andhra Pradesh, India
5
B.Tech student, Department of Mechanical Engineering Narsaraopeta Engineering college, Andhra Pradesh, India
NOMENCLATURE
H Enthalpy
S Entropy
E Exergy
QR Heat Input
QCH Chemical Energy of Fuel
EQCH Chemical Exergy Figure 1: Layout of a TPP
∇eB Loss of Exergy in Boiler
∇eT Loss of Exergy in Turbine
∇eC Loss of Exergy in Condenser II. LITERATURE SURVEY
ηth Thermal Efficiency of the plant Most of the plants are analyzed and reported in
ηe Exergy efficiency of plant literature are pertaining to either plants of more than
ηb Efficiency of boiler 100 MW capacity or it is less than 1MW capacity.
ηeb Exergeticefficiency of the boiler Plants of the capacity less than 1 MW are mostly of
f=1.08(solid fuel as shown by szargut) academic interest and outcome of the reports indicate
the total efficiency. As per the recent studies
Subscripts (State Points in Rankine Cycle): conducted on exergy analysis of plants are either
1. Boiler 2.Tubine directly coal fired plants or large capacity gas turbine
3. Condenser 4.Feed pump plants [Kotas]. This project begins with a review of the
concept of irreversibility, entropy generation ,orexergy
I.INTRODUCTION destruction. Examples illustrate the accounting for
Thermal Power plants use fuels conventional fuels like exergy flows and accumulation inclosed systems, open
coal. In this Thermal Power Plant Coal fired boiler is systems, heat transfer processes, and power and
used to generate steam at high pressure.. The object of refrigeration plants. Thediscussions were how to
this paper is to discussRankine Cycle and to introduce estimate the avoidable and unavoidable exergy
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 4, April - 2013
destruction andinvestment costs associated with 1. Available Energy (Exergy)
Boiler, Turbine, Condenser and Feed Pump. This 2. Unavailable Energy (Anergy)
generalprocedure, although based on many subjective
decisions, facilitates and improves applications of
exergy economics. A. Boiler
Direct firing of the coal in the boiler for Combustion of fuel is highly irreversible process.
generation of the steam is a commercially viable Moreover, the heat transfer from the flue gases to the
option for power plants engineers. Most of the water takes place with a large temperature difference.
literature published claims the Hence, heat transfer also is a highly irreversible
thermal efficiency of the thermal plants are about 33% process. Therefore, considerable degradation of energy
in India where as in the global scenario it is as high as takes place in the boiler.
45% .Attaining higher efficiencies need investigation
The loss of exergy in boiler is given by
of available energy at all salient points of operation of
QR =H2 - H1 (1)
the plant. The depletion of available energy (exergy) is
∇ES =E2 - E1(2)
due toincrease in entropy [van wylen] or more
EQCH=F*(QCH(3)
practically due to irreversibility in the thermodynamic
∇EB=EQCH - ∇E S(4)
system. This paper states the need of exergy analysis
ηB = QR / QCH(5)
to TPP which helps in improving the efficiency
ηEB = QR/EQCH (6)
of the plant
4 Feed Pump 9 165 turbulence in the high velocity stream. This results in
loss of exergy. The efficiency of the turbine is the ratio
of actual work done and the isentropic work done
bturbine. The efficiency of the turbine comes out
to be 88%.
The loss of Exergy in the turbine is given by
∇ET= (E2-E3) –WT(7)
C. Condenser
Large quantity of heat is removed from the
condenser by cooling water. The heat rejected by the
condenser is more or less worth less and cannot be
judged for the performance of the condenser.
D. Feed Pump
Figure 2: P&I Diagram Part of the work done by the pump is lost in
friction. However pumping work itself is often
negligible. Thus we assume the pumping losses to be
EXERGY ANALYSIS OF BIOMASS BASED negligible. The work done by pump is assumed to be
STEAM POWER PLANT zero.
When we study a thermal system, we would like
to know how good the system is and how much energy RESULTS
it consumes. For this purpose, we can imagine an ideal Exergy analysis of a 120 MW TPP is performed and
system i.e. a system that uses reversible processes and exergy values at all locations are investigated. It is
compare it with the actual system to find its observed that exergetic efficiency of the overall plant
performance. According to Second Law of is 39.75% and overall thermal efficiency is about 37%.
Thermodynamics we understand that energy can be The difference of 2.75% is destruction of available
divided into 2 parts:
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 4, April - 2013
energy is observed.
Table 2 : Properties Of Steam Table 4 : Overview Of Results
S. Condition Anerg
N Compone Exergy y Exergy analysis of a coal-based 210MW
o (KJ/K
nts
Exergy Exergy
Destructi
g) thermal power plant, International Journal of
(Inlet) (Outlet) on Energy Research 31, 14–28.
1
[5] Van wylen et al, “ Statistical and classical
14699. 138411 89.37 1237
Boiler 9 1 Thermodynamics”.
2 3235 [6] IIT Bombay lecture notes .
13807 105725 23.43
Turbine 2 [7] P.K. Nag, "Basic and Applied
8.
3 Condenser Thermodynamics," Tata McGraw-Hill, New
14686 14636. 0.34 50.0
Delhi, 2002.
.4 44 2
4 9741. 10420 6.5 679. [8] Gorji-Bandpy, VahidEbrahimian “Exergy
Feed Pump
2 0 analysis of a steam power plant: a case study”,
International Journal OfExergy, 2007.
[9] Bejan, A., Advanced Engineering
Graphical Representation of Exergy Destruction (%) Thermodynamics. New York: John Wily&
Sons, 1990.
EXERGY V/S ANERGY [10] Szargut, J., Morris, D.R. and Steward, F.R.
(1988). Exergy Analysis of Thermal, Chemical,
100%
10.621 and Metallurgical Processes, Hemisphere, 332
90%
pp.New York.
80%
70%
60% 76.57
50% 99.66 93.5
89.379
40%
30%
20%
10% 23.43
0% 0.34 6.5
Exergy Anergy
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