UNIT-2 (ALL THOERY)

1. Describe the difference between unpolarised light and polarised light. (3)
2. (a) State what is meant by the principle of superposition. (2)
(b) Explain how the standing wave is produced. (3)
3. Explain why some wavelengths of light will be observed strongly and others will
not be observed. (5)

4. Explain why there is a current for positive p.d.s, but none for reverse p.d.s greater
than the stopping potential. (5)

5. Explain how the frequency of the microwave signal detected is affected by the speed
of the car and whether the car is travelling towards or away from the radar speed gun. (4)

6. (a) State why it is necessary to emit the ultrasound in pulses. (1)

(b) State what is meant by the ground state of an atom. (1)
(c) State what is meant by an energy level. (1)
(d) Explain why energy levels are negative. (2)
(e) State what is meant by excited and de-excited state. (2)
(f) Explain the difference between absorption and emission spectra. (2)
(g) State what is meant by the e.m.f. ɛ of the battery. (2)
(h) State what is meant by coherence and why is it important? (3)

7. (a) Explain how sound travels through the air. (3)

(b) Describe how ultrasound travels through water. (2)
8. Explain why drift velocity is defined as a mean velocity. (2)

9. The temperature of the filament has increased. At this temperature the resistivity of
tungsten has also increased. With reference to the lattice of the metal, explain why the
resistivity has increased. (4)

10. Explain why the resistance of a negative temperature coefficient thermistor changes
as the potential difference is increased. (4)
11. Describe how the photoelectric effect takes place. (2)

12. Write down the photoelectric equation, explain each term of it separately and explain
how Planck’s constant and work function can be derived from the graph of photoelectric
equation. (8)

13. Two bulbs A and B are connected in series across a 12V battery. Bulb A has a higher
resistance, which bulb will grow brighter and why? (4)

14. Two bulbs A and B are connected in parallel to each other across a 12V battery, which
one will glow brighter and why? (4)

15. Explain why it is more accurate to use an ohmmeter in this DC electricity investigation
than a separate ammeter and voltmeter. (2)

16. Explain why ammeter is connected in series and a voltmeter connected in parallel. (6)

17. Explain why using a very high resistance voltmeter allows the e.m.f. to be measured
directly.

18. Explain how the spectral lines are created with specific wavelengths or frequencies. (6)
19. State the advantages of using sensors and Data logger in plotting a graph for DC
electricity, Resistance against Temperature graphs. (3)
20. State what is meant by critical angle. (1)
21. Draw a diagram to illustrate what is meant by diffraction. And explain the condition of
forming a perfect diffraction.
22. Describe and explain what the stationary musicians would hear as a train travels
towards them and then away from them. (4)

23. Explain how the observations from photoelectric effect approves/supports the particle
theory of light but disapproves the wave theory of light. (8)