Documenti di Didattica
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Volume 2 Issue 2
Abstract
This paper focus on the review of agricultural waste material for concrete development. All
over world the production of waste materials from agricultural wastes are increasing
dramatically especially in India. Agricultural wastes are biologically decomposable in the
open exposure without any treatment. Coconut shell is one of the aggregate wastes. Coconut
shell aggregate concrete is chosen in the present review study. The size of coconut shell is
chosen as 10 mm to develop concrete and the concrete termed as coconut shell aggregate
concrete. In material properties side water absorption test, specific gravity test, fineness
modulus test, abrasion value test, attrition value test, charpys impact strength test, crushing
strength test, coconut shell aggregate thickness, maximum aggregate size, bulk density in
compacted stage and in loose stage, presents of moisture content in the coconut shell
aggregate tests were conducted and the results were compared in the research papers. The
specific gravity is 50 percentage less for coconut shell aggregate than the conventional
granite aggregate. In mechanical properties side compressive strength test, split tensile
strength test, flexural strength test, modulus of elasticity test, pull out test, impact strength
test were studied for both conventional granite aggregate concrete and coconut shell
aggregate concrete. Concrete obtained from coconut shells (CS) exhibited normally
comparable strength with Conventional Granite Aggregate Concrete (CGAC) in all the
reviewed literatures in the mechanical property side. In the durability properties side water
absorption test, sulphate attack test, chloride attack test, rapid chloride penetration test and
sorptivity test were conducted in the referred journal papers. A durability property also lies
well within the permissible limits for coconut shell aggregate concrete when comparing
conventional granite aggregate concrete. Considering the strength property it was concluded
that the coconut shells were normally suitable to use as substitute for aggregate in concrete
production.
Keywords: Agricultural waste, Coconut shell, Coconut shell aggregate, Coconut shell
aggregate concrete, Conventional granite aggregate, Conventional granite aggregate
concrete.
Gunasekaranet al, (2012), studied the Jimi Paul et al, (2016), focused on the
presence of capillary pores of coconut development of Self compacting concrete
shell aggregate concrete in the interfacial with CSA. He found that the Self
transition zone by SEM analysis. Finally compacting concrete with CS as coarse
result shows that the particle packing aggregate shows better finishing without
character of coconut shell aggregates external compaction and Superplasticisers
concrete is same as that of conventional are the essential components of SCC to
granite aggregate concrete even after the provide good workability.
365 days.
Kakadeet al, (2015), identified the strength
Gunasekaranet al, (2013), identified the of Light weight aggregate concrete by
deformation pattern and ultimate load of using coconut shell as coarse aggregate
coconut shell aggregate concrete (CSAC) and compared with normal aggregate
is similar to conventional granite aggregate concrete and he concluded that the
concrete (CGAC) from the test results. strength of coconut shell aggregate
concrete is improved like normal
Gunasekaranet al, (2015), compared the aggregate concrete.
durability test results of coconut shell ManinderKauret al, (2012), focused on the
aggregate concrete with the conventional utilization of coconut shell as coarse
granite aggregate concrete of grade M20 aggregates in mass concrete development.
and he concluded that the tested results are He resulted that the coconut shell
within the range of acceptable limits as per aggregate concrete strength also increases
ASTM standards.
aggregate concrete (CGAC) from the SaniHarunaet al, (2014), compared the
initial tangent modulus results of graphs Ductility ratio behaviour of bamboo
for trial mix - I. Modulus of elasticity of reinforced coconut shell aggregate
coconut shell aggregate concrete (CSAC) concrete beams with steel reinforced
is approximately (13.40) % is less than granite aggregate concrete beams. He
conventional granite aggregate concrete resulted that the ultimate load carrying
(CGAC) from the initial tangent modulus capacity of coconut shell aggregate
results of graphs for trial mix - II. In concrete beam is 60 percentages less than
general, the basic engineering properties the steel reinforced granite aggregate
namely compressive strength, flexural concrete beams by the more ductility.
strength, impact resistance, and modulus
of elasticity of coconut shell aggregate Shaiket al, (2015), discussed the effects of
concrete were compared reasonably and all silica fume on mechanical properties of
results lies well within that of conventional light weight coconut shell concrete and
granite aggregate concrete from the tested concluded that the optimum value of silica
two trial mix ratios. fume in light weight concrete is 36
percentages.
Ranjith .R, (2017), stated that the coconut
shell aggregate concretehas considerably Vishwaset al, (2013), studied the coconut
sufficient strength. But the splitting tensile shell aggregate with conventional granite
strength of coconut shell aggregate aggregate by mechanical and durability
concrete is 50 % less than that of property testing. He found that the coconut
conventional granite aggregate concrete. shell aggregate is having high resistance in
The coconut shell aggregate concrete abrasion, attrition, impact and crushing
results are lies within the limits of testing. But poor performance in durability
structural lightweight concrete[26-30]. test results.
Hence it is considered as structural light
weight aggregate concrete. The impact Yogesh Narayan et al, (2016), compared
strength result of coconut shell aggregate conventional granite aggregate concrete
concrete CSAC is less than the with coconut shell aggregate concrete for
conventional granite aggregate concrete three different ratios and concluded that
CGAC. the Compressive strength of concrete has
increased while increasing the coconut
Ranjith .R, (2017), mentioned that the shell by the Size effects.
amount of cement content used is same
when coconut shells are used as an CONCLUSSION
aggregate in the production of concrete The test results in referred journals provide
compared to conventional aggregate significant understanding on basic
concrete to produce approximately equal Material properties, Mechanical properties,
strength. To satisfy the criteria of and Durability properties, of coconut shell
structural concrete coconut shell requires aggregate concrete while comparing
the cement content of (450 and 400) kg/m3 conventional granite aggregate concrete.
in the production of concrete using
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