Arabic English Dictionary

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org/english
A DICTIONARY OF MODERN WRITTEN ARABIC
HANS WEHR
A DICTIONARY OF MODERN
WRITTEN ARABIC
EDITED BY J MILTON COWAN
THIRD EDITION
www.data.nur.nu/Kutub
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www.alhassanain.org/english
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Notice:
This work is puplished on behalf of www.alhassanain.org/english.
The typing errors are not corrected.
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Table of Contents
Preface ........................................................................6
Preface to The Pocket-Book Edition........................................6
Introduction ..................................................................7
‫ ا‬.............................................................................. 18
‫ ب‬............................................................................ 80
‫ ت‬........................................................................... 164
‫ ث‬........................................................................... 185
‫ ج‬............................................................................ 200
‫ ح‬............................................................................ 269
‫ خ‬............................................................................ 386
‫ د‬............................................................................. 459
‫ ذ‬............................................................................. 520
‫ ر‬............................................................................. 537
‫ ز‬............................................................................. 625
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‫س‬............................................................................ 656
‫ش‬............................................................................ 752
‫ ص‬........................................................................... 829
‫ ض‬........................................................................... 884
‫ ط‬............................................................................ 910
‫ ظ‬............................................................................ 959
‫ ع‬............................................................................ 968
‫ غ‬...........................................................................1081
‫ ف‬..........................................................................1126
‫ ق‬...........................................................................1197
‫ ك‬...........................................................................1310
‫ ل‬...........................................................................1382
‫ م‬............................................................................1442
‫ ن‬...........................................................................1520
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‫ ﻫـ‬...........................................................................1646
‫و‬............................................................................1693
‫ ي‬...........................................................................1790
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Spoken Language Services, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Wehr, Hans (Date)
A dictionary of modern written Arabic.
"An enlarged and improved version of 'Arabisches Wörterbuch für die
Schriftsprache der Gegenwart' and includes the Contents of the 'Supplement
zum Arabischen Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart.' "
1. Arabic language-Dictionaries-English. I. Cowan, J Milton. II. Title.
[PJ6640.W43 1976] 492'.7'321 75-24236 ISBN 0-87950-001-8
© Otto Harrauowltz, Wiesbaden 1961, 1066, 1971
© Spoken Language Services, Inc. 1976
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Preface
Shortly after the publication of Professor Hans Wehr's Arabisches
Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart in 1952, the Committee
on Language Programs of the American Council of Learned Societies
recognized its excellence and began to explore means of providing an up-to-
date Eng-lish edition. Professor Wehr and I readily reached agreement on a
plan to translate, edit, and enlarge the dictionary. This task was considerably
lightened and hastened by generous financial support from the American
Council of Learned Societies, the Arabian American Oil Company, and
Cornell University.
This dictionary will be welcome not only to English and American users,
but to orientalists throughout the world who are more at home with English
than with German. It is more accurate and much more comprehensive than
the original version, which was produced under extremely unfavorable
conditions in Germany during the late war years and the early postwar
period.
lthaca, New York J Milton Cowan

November 1960
Preface to The Pocket-Book Edition

In Order to meet the enormous increase of interest in Arabic brought
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about by political, economic and social develop-ments of the past decade,
we have now published our 3rd Revised Edition of A Dictionary of Modern
Written Arabic in this handy, comprehensive and unabridged version.
Münster Hans Wehr

lthaca, New York J Milton Cowan
February 1976
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Introduction
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‫ا‬
‫ ا‬a particle introducing direct and indirect questions; ‫ ا‬- ‫ أم‬a - am in
alternative questions; ‫ا‬ ‫ ﺳﻮاء‬- ‫أم‬ sawā’un a - am no matter whether - or; ‫أ‬
‫و‬ a-wa particle indicating or implying doubt: or? perhaps?(atau/apakah)
‫( اَوﺗﺸـﻚ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ‬tašukku) you wouldn't doubt it, would you? do you perhaps
doubt it? or do you doubt it? ‫ اَﻻ‬alā and ‫ اَﻣـﺎ‬a-mā intensifying interjections
introducing sentences: verily, truly, indeed, oh yes, etc., ‫( اَﻻ ﻓـﺎﻧﻈﺮوا‬fa-nẓurū)
oh, do look! why, look! ‫( اَﻣﺎ اﻧﻪ‬innahū) why, he is ... !
1‫ آب‬āb2 August = Agustus (month; Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.)
2‫ اب‬see ‫اﺑﻮ‬
3‫ اب‬abba u to long, yearn, ‫وﻃﻨﻪ‬ ‫( إﱃ‬ilā waṯanihi) for one's homeland

4‫ اﺑﻴﺐ‬look up alphabetically
‫( ا ﰐ‬It. abate) abātī abbot (Chr.)
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‫ ا ﻟﺔ‬ibāla, ibbāla bundle, bale
‫ اﺑﺖ‬see ‫اﺑﻮ‬
‫ اﲜﺪ‬abjad alphabet
‫ اﲜﺪي‬abjadī alphabetic(al); ‫ اﲜﺪ ت‬elementary facts, simple truths | ‫اﳊﺮوف‬
‫ اﻻﲜﺪﻳﺔ‬the letters of the alphabet
‫ اﺑﺪ‬abada (‫ اﺑﻮد‬ubūd) to stay, linger (‫ ب‬at a place); - i u to roam in a state
of wildness, run wild, be shy, shy away, run away (animal, game) II to make
lasting or permanent, perpetuate, eternize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be perpetuated,
become lasting or permanentl; to return to a state of wildness
‫ اﺑـﺪ‬abad pl. ‫ آ د‬ābād endless, eternal duration, eternity; ‫ اﺑــﺪا‬abadan
always, forever; ever, (with neg.) never (in the future), not at all, on no
account; (alone, without negation) never! not at all! By no means! | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ إﱃ اﻷﺑـﺪ‬،‫ اﻷﺑـﺪ‬and ‫ أﺑـﺪ اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ‬abada d-dahri forever; ‫ اﺑـﺪ اﻵﺑـﺪﻳﻦ‬abada l-abadīn
and ‫ إﱃ اﺑﺪ اﻵﺑﺪﻳﻦ‬ilā abadi l-a. forever and ever
‫ اﺑﺪي‬abadi everlasting, eternal, endless
‫ اﻻﺑﺪي‬al-abadī eternity
‫ اﺑﺪي‬abadīya infinite duration, endless time, eternity
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‫ آﺑﺪ‬ābid wild, untamed

‫ آﺑـﺪة‬ābida pl. ‫ اواﺑـﺪ‬awābid2 unusual thing, prodigious event | ‫ اواﺑـﺪ اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬a.
ad-dunyā the Wonders of the World
‫ ﻣﺆﺑــﺪ‬mu'abbad eternal, endless, everlasting |‫( ﺳــﺠﻦ ﻣﺆﺑــﺪ‬sijn) life
imprisonment
1‫ اﺑﺮ‬abara i u (abr) to prick, sting II to pollinate (‫ ﻫـ‬a palm tree)
‫ اﺑﺮة‬ibra pl. ‫ اﺑﺮ‬ibar needle, pln; indicator (of an instrument); shot, injection
(med.);sting, prick | ‫اﺑـﺮة‬ ‫ ﺣﻘﻨـﻪ‬ḥaqanahu ibratan to give s.o. an injection; ‫اﺑـﺮة‬
‫ اﻟﺮاﻋـﻰ‬i. ar-rā‘ī geranium (bot.); ‫( اﺑـﺮة ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻴﺔ‬magnāṯīsīya) magnetic needle;
‫ ﺷﻐﻞ اﻻﺑﺮة‬šug1 al-i. needlework
‫ ﻣﺌﱪ‬mi'bar needlecase; pack needle
2‫ر‬ ‫ آ‬ābār see ‫ﺑﺌﺮ‬
‫ اﺑﺮﻳﺸﻴﺔ‬abrašīya and ‫ اﺑﺮوﺷﻴﺔ‬abrūšīya pl. -āt diocese, bishoprie (Chr.); parish
(Chr.)
‫ اﺑﺮﻣﻴﺲ‬abramīs, ‫ اﺑﺮاﻣﻴﺲ‬bream (zool.)
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‫ اﺑﺮﻳﺰ‬pure gold
‫ اﺑﺮﻳﺴﻢ‬ibrīsam, ibrīsim silk
‫ اﺑﺮﻳﻖ‬ibrīq pl. ‫ ا رﻳﻖ‬abārīq2 pitcher, jug
‫ اﺑﺮﻳﻞ‬abril April
‫ اﺑﺰن‬abzan pl. ‫ ا زن‬abāzin2 washbowl
‫ اﺑﺰﱘ‬ibzīm pl. ‫ ا زم‬abāzim2 buckle, clasp
‫ اﺑـﺾ‬ubḍ pl. ‫ آ ض‬ābāḍ and ‫ ﻣـﺄﺑﺾ‬ma’biḍ pl. ‫ ﻣـﺂﺑﺾ‬ma’ābiḍ2 hollow of the
knee, popliteal space
‫ اﺑـﻂ‬V to take or carry under one's arm (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to put one's arm (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
around s.o., around s.th.), hold in one's arm (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ اﺑﻂ‬ibṯ pl. ‫ آ ط‬ābāṯ m. and f. armpit
‫ اﺑﻖ‬abaqa i (‫ ا ق‬ibāq) to escape, run away (a slave from his master)
‫ اﺑﻖ‬abaq a kind of hemp
‫ آﺑﻖ‬ābiq pl. ‫ ا ق‬ubbāq runaway, escaped; a fugitive
1‫ اﺑﻞ‬ibil (coll.) camel
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2‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ ا‬ibāla, ibbāla bundle, bale

‫ اﺑﻠﻴﺰ‬iblīz alluvial deposits (of the Nile)
‫ اﺑﻠﻴﺲ‬iblīs pl. ‫ ا ﻟﺴﺔ‬abālisa devil, Satan
1‫ اﺑـﻦ‬II to celebrate, praise, eulogize (‫ ه‬a deceased person), deliver a
funeral oration (‫ ه‬in praise of s.o.)

‫ اﺑﻨﺔ‬ubna passive pederasty
‫ ا ن‬ibbān time: ‫ ا ن‬ibbāna during, ‫ ﰲ ا ن‬at the time of, during
‫ ﺑـﲔ‬ta’bīn commemoration (of a deceased person) |‫ ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ ﺑـﲔ‬ḥaflat at-t.
commemorative celebration (in honor of a deceased person)
‫ ﻣﺄﺑﻮن‬ma’būn catamite; weakling, mollycoddle, sissy; scoundrel
2‫ اﺑﻦ‬see 1‫ﺑﻦ‬
‫ اﺑﻨﻮس‬abnūs ebony
‫ اﺑـﻪ‬abaha and abiha a (abh) to pay attention (‫ل‬, also ‫ ب‬to), heed (‫ل‬, also
‫ ب‬s.th.), take notice (‫ل‬, also ‫ ب‬of) |‫( اﻣـﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺆﺑـﻪ ﻟـﻪ‬yu'bahu) an insignificant,
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unimportant matter V to display proud, haughty manners; to turn away, keep
one's distance, remain aloof (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), look down (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬upon), think o.s. far
above (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o. or s.th.)
‫ ا ﺔ‬ubbaha splendor, pomp, ostentation, pageantry; pride
‫ اب‬ab pl. ‫ آ ء‬aba' father (also eccl.): ancestor, forefather: ‫ اﺑﺖ‬yā abati O
my father! ‫اﻻﺑـﻮان‬ al-abawān the parents, father and mother; ‫اﺑـﻮ‬ abūnā
reverend father, form of address and title of a priest (Chr). |‫ﺟـﺪ‬ ‫ ا ﻋـﻦ‬aban
‘an jaddin handed down from father to son, as s.th. inherited from
forefathers; ‫ اﺑـﻮ ﺳـﻌﻦ‬abū su’n marabou; ‫ اﺑـﻮ اﻟﻨـﻮم‬abū n-naum poppy; ‫اﺑـﻮ اﳍـﻮل‬
abū l-haul the Sphinx; ‫ اﺑﻮ اﻟﻴﻘﻈﺎن‬abū l-yaqẓān rooster, cock
‫ اﺑﻮة‬ubūwa fatherhood, paternity
‫ اﺑﻮي‬abawī paternal, fatherly
‫ اﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‬ebonite
‫( اﺑﻮﻧﻴـﻪ‬Fr. abonné) abūneh pl. -āt subscription; subscription card (e.g., for
public conveyances, a concert season, etc.)
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‫ اﰉ‬abā a (‫ ا ء‬ibā’, ‫ ا ءة‬ibā’a) to refuse, decline; to turn down, reject,

scorn, disdain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to deny (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. s.th.) | ‫( اﰉ اﻻ أن ﻳﻔﻌﻠـﻪ‬illā an
yaf’alahū) he insisted on doing it; ‫ اﰉ ﷲ إﻻ أن‬God willed that ... V to refuse,
decline
‫ ا ء‬ibā’, ‫ ا ءة‬ibā’a rejection; dislike, distaste, aversion, disdain; pride
‫ اﰊ‬abīy disdainful, scornful: proud, lofty, lofty-minded
‫ آب‬ābin pl. ‫ ا ة‬ubāh reserved, standoffish; unwilling, reluctant, grudging
‫ اﺑﻴﺐ‬abīb the eleventh month of the Coptic calendar
‫ اﺑﻴﻘﻮري‬abīqūrī Epicurean
‫ اﺑﻴﻘﻮري‬abīqūriya Epicureanism
‫ اﺗﺮج‬utrujj and ‫ اﺗﺮﻧﺞ‬utrunj citron (Citrus medica; bot.)
‫( آﺗﺸﺠﻲ‬Turk. ateşçi) ātešgī fireman, stoker
‫ ﻣﺄﰎ‬ma’tam pl. ‫ ﻣﺂﰎ‬ma’ātim2 obsequies, funeral ceremony
1‫ن‬ ‫ ا‬atān pl. ‫ آﺗﻦ‬ātun, ‫ اﺗﻦ‬utun, utn female donkey, she-ass
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2‫ اﺗﻮن‬atūn, attūn pl. ‫ اﺗﻦ‬utun, ‫ﺗﻦ‬ ‫ ا‬atātīn2 kiln, furnace, oven
‫ ا وة‬itāwa pl. ‫ ا وى‬atāwā duty, tax, tribute
‫( اﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬Fr.) otobīs autobus, bus
‫( اﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬Fr.) otomātīkī automatic
‫ اﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞ‬boyl lI‫اﱃ‬d ‫( اﺗﻮﻣﻮﺑﻴﻞ‬Fr.) otomobīl automobile
‫ اﺗﻰ‬atā i (‫ اﺗﻴﺎن‬ityān, ‫ اﺗـﻰ‬aty, ‫ ﻣـﺄ ة‬to come (‫ ه‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.o.), arrive
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬at); ‫اﺗـﻰ‬
‫ ب‬to bring, bring forward, produce, advance, accomplish or
achieve s.th.; ‫ اﺗـﻰ ه ب‬to bring, give or offer s.o. s.th.; to do, perform (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
deed), carry out, execute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., movements); to commit, perpetrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
sin, a. crime); to mention (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to finish off (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th., also s.o.); to

finish, complete, carry through, dispose, settle, wind up, conclude,
terminate, bring to a close (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to destroy, annihilate, eradicate, wipe
out (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to eliminate, carry away, sweep away (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), do away
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with); to use up, exhaust (also a subject), present exhaustively, in great
detail (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), elaborate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.th.) | ‫ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﰐ‬as follows; ‫اﺗـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ آﺧـﺮﻩ‬
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(ākhirihī) to complete, finish s.th.; to spend or use up the last of s.th.; ‫اﺗـﻰ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻷﺧﻀـﺮ واﻟﻴـﺎﺑﺲ‬to destroy everything, wreak havoc; ‫اﺗـﻰ اﻟﺒﻴـﻮت ﻣـﻦ اﺑﻮا ـﺎ‬
s.th. in the right way, knock on the right door;‫ﻳـﺆﺗﻰ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬ yu’ta min qibali
is undermined, weakened, ruined by III to offer furnish, give, afford (‫ ب‬to
s.o. s.th.), provide, supply (‫ ب‬s.o. with); to be propitious, be favorable (‫ه‬
for s.o.), favor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn out well (. for s.o.), be in favor (‫ ه‬of); to suit,
befit, become (‫ ه‬s.o.), be appropriate (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to agree (‫ ه‬with s.o.;
food) |‫ﺷـﻲء‬ ‫( ا ﻩ ﻛـﻞ‬kullu šai’in) everything was in his favor, turned out well
for him, came his way IV to bring (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. s.th.); to give (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. s.th.); to grant
(‫ ﻫـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow (‫ ﻫـ‬upon s.o. s.th.) |‫( آﺗﻰ اﻟﺰﻛﺎة‬zakāta) to give alms V
to originate, stem, derive, spring, arise, result (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to end (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with),

result (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬in); to get (‫ اﱃ‬to), arrive (‫ اﱃ‬at); to be easy to do, be feasible
without difficulty, be attainable, go well, progress; to go about s.th. (‫)ﰱ‬
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gently, cautiously X to ask to come, induce to come (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﺄﺗﻰ‬ma’tan pl. ‫ ﻣـﺂت‬ma’ātin place where s.th. comes from; place at which
one arrives; access; pl. ‫ﻣـﺂت‬ place of origin; origin, source, provenance;
place where one has been or to which one has come; place where s.th. starts,
where s.th. ends
‫ آت‬ātin coming, next; following | ‫( اﻷﺳـﺒﻮع اﻵﰐ‬usbū‘) the coming week,
next week; ‫ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‬as follows
‫ ﻣـﻮات‬mu’ātin, muwātin favorable, propitious, opportune, convenient,
suitable
‫ اث‬aṯṯa u I a (‫ ا ﺛﺔ‬aṯāṯa) to be luxuriant, grow profusely (hair, plants) II to
fix up, prepare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to furnish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an apartment) V to be or become rich,
wealthy, to prosper; to be furnished
‫ ا ث‬aṯāṯ furniture, furnishings (of an apartment, of a room)
‫ ﺛﻴﺚ‬ta’ṯīṯ furnishing
‫ اث‬aṯṯ, ‫ ا ث‬aṯīṯ abundant, luxuriant, profusely growing (hair, plants)
‫ اﺛـﺮ‬aṯara u i (aṯr, ‫ ا رة‬aṯāra) to transmit, pass along, report, relate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from, or based on the authority of, s.o.) II to affect, influence (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
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s.o., s.th.), act (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon), produce an effect, make an impression, have
influence (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to induce (phys.) IV to prefer (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to), like
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) more (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬than); to have a predilection, a liking (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), like (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), be fond (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to choose, deem wise or advisable (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to
adore (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) |‫( آﺛـﺮ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﳋـﲑ‬nafsahū bi-l-kair) to wish o.s. well,
hope for the best for o.s. V to be impressed, be influenced; to let o.s. be
impressed, be impressible; to be moved, be touched (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬by, also ‫ ;)ﻣـﻦ‬to
be excited, be stimulated; to be affected (‫ ب‬by, said of materials, e.g., iron
by acid); to be induced (phys.); to follow in s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬tracks, follow s.o.’s
example, emulate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pursue, follow up (‫ ﻫـ‬a question, a problem); to
perceive, feel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to claim a monopoly; to possess alone, with the
exclusion of others, monopolize (‫ ب‬s.th.); to appropriate (‫ ب‬s.th.), take

exclusive possession (‫ ب‬of); to preoccupy (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), engross (‫ ﻫـ‬the attention)
|‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ اﺳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﷲ‬the Lord has taken him unto Himself
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‫ اﺛـﺮ‬aṯar pl. ‫ آ ر‬āṯār track, trace, vestige; sign, mark; touch; impression,
effect, action, influence (‫ ﰲ‬on); tradition (relating the deeds and utterances
of Mohammed and his Companions); work (of art, esp. of literature);
ancient monument; ‫ر‬ ‫ آ‬antiquities; remnants, vestiges; (religious) relics | ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫‘ اﻵ ر‬ilm al-a. archeology; ‫ دار اﻵ ر‬museum of antiquities; ‫( ﻻ اﺛـﺮ ﻟـﻪ‬aṯara)
ineffective, ineffectnal; ‫رﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﺮ‬ (raj‘ī) with retroactive force (jur.); ‫اﺻﺒﺢ اﺛﺮا‬
‫ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻋـﲔ‬ aṣbaḥa aṯaran ba‘da ‘ainin to be destroyed, be wiped out, leave
nothing but memory behind; ‫اﻋـﺎدﻩ اﺛـﺮا ﺑﻌــﺪ ﻋـﲔ‬ (a‘adahū) to destroy s.th.
completely ; ‫اﺛـﺮﻩ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬,‫( ﻋﻠﻰ اﺛﺮﻩ‬also fī iṯrihī) on his (its) track, at his heels, after
him; immediately afterwards, presently, thereupon; ;'11 j. immediately
afterwards, presently
‫ اﺛﺮ‬iṯra (prep.) immediately after, right after
‫ اﺛـﺮي‬aṯarī archeologic(a1); archeologist (also ‫ آ ري‬āṯārī); old, ancient,
antique | ‫اﺛﺮي‬ ‫ ﻋﺎﱂ‬archeologist; ‫( ﻟﻐﺔ اﺛﺮﻳﺔ‬luga) dead language
‫اﺛﺮ‬ aṯir egoistic, selfish
23
‫ اﺛﺮة‬aṯara selfishness, egoism

‫ اﺛـﲑ‬aṯīr favored, preferred (‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬by s.o.), in favor (‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬with s.o.); select,
exquisite, noble; see also alphabetically
‫ ا رة‬aṯāra remainder, remnant; faint trace, vestige
‫ ﻣﺄﺛﺮة‬ma’ṯara, ma’ṯura pl. ‫ ﻣﺂﺛﺮ‬ma’āṯir2 exploit, feat, glorious deed
‫ ﺛـﲑ‬ta’ṯīr action, effect, influence, impression (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ﰲ‬on); effectiveness,
efficacy; induction (phys.)
‫ ﺛﲑي‬ta’ṯīrī produced by induction, inductive, inductional, induced (phys.)
‫ إﻳﺜﺎر‬īṯār preference; altruism; predilection; love, affection
‫ ﺛـﺮ‬ta’aṯṯur being influenced; agitation, emotion, feeling; excitability,
sensitivity; (pl. -āt) feeling, sensation, perception | ‫ﺳ ـﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﺘــﺄﺛﺮ‬ easily
impressed, impressible, sensitive
‫ ﺛﺮي‬ta’aṯṯurī: ‫( اﳌﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﺮي‬madhab)the impressionistic movement
‫ ﺛﺮﻳﺔ‬ta’atturīya impressionism
‫ اﺳـﺘﺌﺜﺎر‬isti’tār arrogation of a monopoly; monopolization; presumption,
Confidential
presumptuousness; exclusive power
‫ ﻣـﺄﺛﻮر‬ma’tūr transmitted, handed down | ‫(ﻗـﻮل ﻣـﺄﺛﻮر‬qaul) and ‫ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ ﻣـﺄﺛﻮرة‬
(kalima) proverb
‫ ﻣــﺆﺛﺮ‬mu’attir affecting, acting upon; effective; impressive; moving,
touching, pathetic; (pl. -āt) influencing factor, influence
2‫ أﺛﲑ‬look up alphabetically
‫ أﺛﻔﻴـﺔ‬utfīya pl. ‫ أ ف‬atāfin trivet, tripod (in &ncient times: &ny one of the
three stones supporting a cooking pot near the fire) | ‫ﻟﺜـﺔ اﻷ ﰲ‬ that which
rounds out a number, caps s.th., puts the lid on s.th., the crowning touch
‫ اﺛــﻞ‬atala i to consolidate, strengthen II to become rich V to be
consolidated, be strengthened; to become rich
‫ اﺛﻞ‬atl pl. ‫ اﺛﻮل‬utūl (coll.; n. un. pl. atalat) tamarisk (bot.)
‫ اﺛﻴﻞ‬atīl and ‫ ﻣﺆﺛﻞ‬mu’attal deep-rooted; of noble origin, highborn
‫ اﰒ‬atima a (itm, atam, ‫ ﻣـﺄﰒ‬ma’tam) to sin, err, slip V to eschew sin, shun
evil; to restrain o.s. hold back
‫ اﰒ‬itm pl. ‫ آ م‬ātām sin, offense, misdeed, crime
‫ ﻣﺄﰒ‬ma’tam pl. ‫ ﻣﺂﰒ‬sin, offense, misdeed, crime
‫ ﺛﻴﻢ‬sin, offense, misdeed, crime
24
‫ آﰒ‬ātim pl. ‫ اﲦـﺔ‬atama and ‫ اﺛـﻴﻢ‬atīm pl. ‫ اﲦـﺎء‬atmā’ sinful, criminal, wicked,
evil; sinner
‫ اﲦﺪ‬itmid antimony
‫ اﺛﲑ‬atīr ether
‫ اﺛﻴﻨﺎ‬atīnā Athens
‫ اﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺎ‬atyūbiyā Ethiopia
‫ اﺛﻴﻮﰊ‬atyūbī Ethiopian; (pl.-ūn) an Ethiopian | ‫اﻟﺒﻼد اﻻﺛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬Ethiopia
‫ اج‬ajja u i (‫ اﺟﻴﺞ‬ajīj) to burn, blaze, flame (fire) II to light, kindle, start (‫ﻫـ‬
a fire) V = I
‫ ﻣﺎء اﺟﺎج‬mā’ ujāj bitter, salty water
‫ اﺟﺎج‬ajjāj burning, blazing, hot
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﺟﺞ‬muta’ajjij burning, blazing, flaming
‫ اﺟﺒﻴﺔ‬ajabīya horologium (Copt.-Chr.)
2‫ أﺟـﺮ‬ajara u (ajr) to reward, recompense, remunerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.) II to let for
rent, let out, hire out, rent, lease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (with nafsahū) to hire s.o. out IV
Confidential
to let for rent, let out, hire out, rent, lease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rent, hire, lease, hold
under a lease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take a lease, (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to hire, engage, take on (‫ ه‬s.o.),
engage the services (‫ ه‬of s.o.) X to rent, hire, lease, hold under a lease
(‫ﻫـ‬.th.), take a lease (‫ ﻫـ‬on); to charter (‫ ﻫـ‬a vessel); to hire, engage, take on (‫ه‬
s.o.), engage the service (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
‫ اﺟـﺮ‬ajr pl. ‫ اﺟـﻮر‬ujūr wages, pay, honorarium, recompense, emolument,
remuneration; price, rate, fee | ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ اﺟﻮر‬u. as-safar fares
‫ اﺟـﺮة‬ujra hire, rent, rental; price, rate, fee; fixed rate, (official) charge;
postage | ‫اﺟــﺮة اﻟﱪﻳــﺪ‬ postage; ‫اﺟــﺮة اﻟﻨﻘــﻞ‬ u. an-naql transport charges,
freight(age), carriage, cartage
‫ اﺟﲑ‬ajīr pl. ‫ اﺟﺮاء‬ujarā’ hireling; workman, laborer, day laborer; employee
‫ اﺟﲑة‬ajīra working woman, factory girl, female laborer; woman employee
‫ ﺟـﲑ‬ta’jīr letting, leasing, hiring out, letting on lease; lease| ‫ﻣﺸـﺮوع اﻟﺘـﺄﺟﲑ‬
‫( واﻹﻋﺎرة‬i‘āra) Lend-Lease Act
25
‫ اﳚـﺎر‬ījār pl. -āt rent; letting, leasing, hiring out, letting on lease| ‫ ﻟﻺﳚـﺎر‬for
rent, to let
‫ اﺟﺎرة‬ijāra pl. -āt rent; letting, leasing, hiring out, letting on lease
‫ اﺳﺘﺌﺠﺎر‬isti’jār rent, lease, tenure
‫ ﻣﺄﺟﻮر‬ma’jūr paid, salaried, on the payroll, gainfully employed; employee;
mercenary, venal, hired, bribed
‫ ﻣﺆﺟﺮ‬mu’ajjir pl. -ūn landlord, lessor
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﺟﺮ‬musta’jir leaseholder, lessee, tenant; employer
2‫ آﺟﺮ‬ājurr (n. un. ‫ )ة‬baked brick
‫ اﺟﺰاﺟﻲ‬see ‫ﺟﺰء‬
‫ اﺟﺰاﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬see ‫ﺟﺰء‬
‫ اﺟﺎص‬ijjāṣ pear
‫ اﺟـﻞ‬ajala a (ajal) to hesitate, tarry, linger II to delay, postpone, put off,
defer, adjourn (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. till) V to be postponed, be deferred, be adjourned
(‫ ﻣـﺆﺟﺮ‬till, to) X to request postponement (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to seek to delay (‫ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
s.th.)
‫ اﺟﻞ‬ajal yes, indeed! certainly! by all means!
‫ ﻷﺟـﻞ‬li-ajli or ‫ ﻣـﻦ اﺟـﻞ‬min ajli because of, on account of, for the sake of;
for | ‫أن‬ ‫ﻷﺟـﻞ‬in order that, that, so that; ‫ ﻣـﻦ أﺟـﻞ ﻫـﺬا‬therefore, for that reason,
on this account
‫ اﺟـﻞ‬ajal pl. ‫ آﺟـﺎل‬ājāl appointed time, date, deadline; instant of death;
respite, delay|‫ﻷﺟـﻞ‬ on credit (com.); ‫ﻗﺼـﲑ اﻷﺟـﻞ‬ short-term, short-time;
short-lived: ‫ﻣﺴـﻤﻰ‬ ‫( إﱃ أﺟـﻞ ﻏـﲑ‬gairi musammā) for an indefinite period, sine
die, until further notice
‫ ﺟﻴــﻞ‬ta’jīl delay, postponement, adjournment, deferment, respite;
appointment of a time or date
‫ آﺟﻞ‬ājil delayed, protracted; deferred; later, future (as opposed to |(‫ﻋﺎﺟﻞ‬
‫’ﻋـﺎﺟﻼ او آﺟـﻼ‬ājilan au ājilan, ‫ ﰲ ﻋﺎﺟﻠـﻪ او آﺟﻠـﻪ‬sooner or later, now or later
on; ‫واﻵﺟﻞ‬ ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺎﺟﻞ‬now and in the future
‫ اﻵﺟﻠﺔ‬al-ājila the life to come, the hereafter
‫ ﻣﺆﺟﻞ‬mu’ajjal delayed, late, postponed, deferred; fixed in time, deadlined
26
‫ اﲨـﺔ‬ajama, coll. ‫ اﺟـﻢ‬ajam pl. -āt, ‫ اﺟـﻢ‬ujum, ‫ آﺟـﺎم‬ājām thicket, jungle,

forest: reeds, canebrake
‫ اﲨﻴﺔ‬ajamiya malaria| ‫ ﺑﻌﻮﺿﺔ اﻷﲨﻴﺔ‬ba‘ūḍat al-a. anopheles
‫ آﺟﻦ‬ājin brackish (water)
‫ اﺟﻨﺪة‬ajanda notebook
‫ اح‬aḥḥa u (aḥḥ) to cough
‫ اﺣﺪ‬II to make into one, unite, unify (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ اﲢﺪ‬see ‫وﺣﺪ‬
‫ اﺣـﺪ‬aḥad, f. ‫ اﺣـﺪى‬one: somebody, someone, anybody, anyone (esp. in
negative sentences and questions); ‫اﻷﺣــﺪ‬ the One (God); Sunday|‫اﺣــﺪﻫﻢ‬
aḥaduhum every one of them; ‫اﻷﺣﺪ‬ ‫ ﻳﻮم‬yaum al-a. Sunday; ‫ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺴﻌﻒ‬a. as-
sa‘af Palm Sunday; ‫ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮة‬a. al-‘anṣara Whitsunday; ‫ آﺣﺪ اﻷﻟﻮف‬āḥād al-
ulūf a few thousand (2-9000; as distinguished from ‫ ﻋﺸـﺮات اﻷﻟـﻮف‬and ‫ﻣﺌـﺎت‬
‫)اﻷﻟﻮف‬
‫ اﺣﺪي‬aḥadī dominical, Sunday (adj.)
Confidential
‫ اﺣﺪﻳﺔ‬aḥadīya unity, oneness
‫ اﻵﺣﺪ‬al-āḥād the units (math.)
1 ‫ اﺣﻦ‬aḥina a (aḥan) to bate (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ اﺣﻨﺔ‬iḥna pl. ‫ اﺣﻦ‬iḥan old feud, deep-rooted hatred
2 ‫ اﺣﲔ‬see ‫اوح‬
‫ اخ‬see ‫اﺧﻮ‬
‫ اﺧﺖ‬see ‫اﺧﻮ‬
‫ اﺧـﺬ‬aḳaḍa u (aḳḍ) to take (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from or out of): to take (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
along: to get, receive, obtain (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. from); to take up, seize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
grab (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), take hold of (‫)ب‬: to perceive, notice (‫ ه‬s.o., said of the
eye); to gather, understand, infer, deduce (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from), read (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
between the lines (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of); to grip, captivate, thrill, spellbind (‫ ب‬s.o.); to take
up, acquire, make one's own (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., a method); to keep, adhere (‫ب‬
to), observe, take over, adopt, embrace, follow, copy, imitate (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
accept (‫ ب‬s.th.); to take, lead (‫ب‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to); to admonish, urge, drive (‫ب ه‬
27
s.o. to do s.th.); to enjoin, impose (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬on s.o. s.th.); to take away (‫ه ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
from s.o. s.th.), strip, deprive (‫ ه ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. of), cut off, bar (‫ ه ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. from);
to reproach, hlame (‫ ه ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. for); to hold against s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬that ... (‫)ان‬, fix
the blame (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.o., ‫ ان‬for the fact that); to obligate (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. to); to
learn (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), acquire knowledge (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from s.o.),
‫'( أﺧـﺬ اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬ilm) to study under s.o.; to begin, start (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬with s.th. or
s.th., with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.), prepare, set out, be about (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬to do
s.th.) | ‫ﺘﻪ‬
‫( أﺧﺬ أ‬uhbatahū) to make preparations, prepare o.s., get ready; ‫أﺧﺬ‬
‫( ﻣﺄﺧـﺬ ﻓـﻼن‬ma’ḳad) to adopt the same course as s.o. else, follow s.o.’s
example; ‫ أﺧـﺬ ﻣﻨـﻪ ﻣﺄﺧـﺬا‬to seize s.o., take possession of s.o. (a sensation, or
the like); ‫ﳎـﺮاﻩ‬

‫( أﺧـﺬ‬majrāhu) to take its course; ‫( أﺧـﺬ ﳎﻠﺴـﻪ‬majlisahū) to take
one's seat, sit down; ‫( أﺧـﺬ ﺧـﺬرﻩ‬ḥidrahū) to be on one's guard; ‫أﺧـﺬﻩ ﳊﺴـﲎ‬
(ḥusnā) to be friendly, be nice to s.o.; ‫( أﺧـﺬ ﲞـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬bi-ḳāṯirihī) to show o.s.
Confidential
complaisant toward s.o., try to please s.o.; ‫( أﺧـﺬ ﺑﺬﻧﺒـﻪ‬bi-danbihi) to punish
s.o. for his offense; ‫رأﻳـﻪ‬ ‫( أﺧـﺬ‬ra'yahū) to ask s.o.’s opinion, consult s.o.; ‫أﺧـﺬ‬
‫( اﻟـﺮأي ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬uḳida r-ra'yu) the matter was put to a vote; ‫( أﺧـﺬ ﺳـﺒﺎب‬bi-asbābi)
to embrace, adopt s.th., e.g., ‫( أﺧـﺬ ﺳـﺒﺎب اﳊﻀـﺎرة اﻷروﺑﻴـﺔ‬ḥaḍāra) to adopt
European culture; ‫( أﺧـﺬ ﻟﺸـﺪة‬šidda) to deal with s.o. severely, give s.o. a
rough time; ‫ أﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬to obstruct s.o.’s way, hinder s.o. from moving on;
‫ أﺧـﺬ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘـﻪ‬to shoulder s.th., take s.th. upon o.s.; ‫‘( أﺧـﺬ اﻟﻌـﺪة ل‬udda) to
prepare, set out, get ready to do s.th.; ‫‘( أﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻬﺪا‬ahdan) to put s.o. under
an obligation, impose a commitment on s.o.; ‫ أﺧـﺬ ﻋﻠـﻰ )ﺣـﲔ( ﻏـﺮة‬uḳida ‘alā

(ḥīni) girratin to be taken by surprise, be caught unawares; ‫أﺧـﺬ ﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠــﺔ‬
(muqābala) to repay like for like; ‫اﻟﻘﻠـﻮب‬ ‫ ﺷـﻲء ﺧـﺬ‬s.th. which captivates the
heart, a fascinating, thrilling thing; ‫اﳌﻄـﺮ‬ ‫( أﺧـﺬ‬maṯarū) we got caught in the
rain; ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺻـﺮﻩ‬ ‫( أﺧـﺬ‬bi-nāṣirihi) to help s.o., stand by s.o., take care of s.o., look
after s.o.; ‫( أﺧـﺬ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafasahū) to draw breath; ‫ أﺧـﺬ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ أﻧﻔﺎﺳـﻪ‬to take s.o.’s
breath away; ‫( أﺧﺬ اﻟﻨﻮم‬naum) sleep overwhelmed him; ‫( أﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‬bi-yadihī) to
28
help s.o., stand by s.o. II to lay under a spell, enchant, bewitch (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
censure, blame (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ب‬s.o. for s.th.); to punish (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬,‫ ب‬s.o. for); to
hold s.th. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o. (‫)ه‬, resent (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. ‫ه‬, in s.o.)| ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺆاﺧـﺬﱐ‬lā
tu’āḳidnī pardon me! forgive me! no offense, I hope! VIII ‫ اﲣـﺬ‬ittaḳada to
take (‫ ه‬s.th.); to take on, assume (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take up, occupy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
pass, adopt (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., a resolution); to take, single out, have in mind (‫ ه ه‬,‫ﻫـ ﻫـ‬
s.o. or s.th. as); to make use (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), use (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to imitate, affect (‫ﻫ ـ‬
e.g., s.o.’s manner of speaking); to make (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th. out of s.o. or s.th.)| ‫اﲣـﺬ‬
‫( ﺷـﻜﻼ‬šaklan) to take on a form or shape; ‫( اﲣـﺬ ﻣﻮﻗﻔـﺎ‬mauqifan) to take an
attitude, assume a position; ‫ اﲣـﺬ اﻟﺘـﺪاﺑﲑ اﻻزﻣـﺔ‬to take the necessary measures;
‫( اﲣـﺬ ﻗـﺮارا‬qarāran) to pass or adopt a resolution; ‫ اﲣـﺬ اﳌﻮاﻗـﻊ اﳉﺪﻳـﺪة‬to take up

new positions (troops)
‫ أﺧـﺬ‬aḳd acceptance, reception; seizure; taking out, taking away, removal,
etc.|‫ أﺧـﺬ اﻟـﺮأي‬a. ar-ra'y voting, vote; ‫( أﺧـﺬ ورد‬wa-radd) discussion, debate,
Confidential
dispute, argument; ‫( ﺷـﻲء ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒـﻞ أﺧـﺬا وﻻ ردا‬yaqbalu) an indisputable matter;
‫( أﺧـﺬ وﻋﻄـﺎء‬wa-‘aṯā’) give-and-take; traffic, trade; dealings, relations (esp.

business, commercial); discussion, debate; fight, battle
‫ أﺧﺬة‬uḳda spell, charm
‫ أﺧﻴﺬ‬aḳīd prisoner of war
‫ أﺧﻴﺬة‬aḳīda booty, spoils
‫ أﺧﺎذ‬aḳḳād captivating, fascinating, thrilling
‫ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ‬ma’ḳad pl. ‫ ﻣﺂﺧـﺬ‬ma’āḳid2 place from which one takes s.th., source;
O wall socket, outlet (el.); adoption, borrowing, loan; manner of acting,
mode of procedure, approach; pl. ‫ﻣﺂﺧـﺬ‬ source references, bibliography (in
booke); reprehensible points, faults, flaws, defects, shortcomings| ‫اﳌﺄﺧـﺬ‬
‫ اﻷﻗﺮب‬the simplest, easiest approach; ‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ اﳌﺄﺧـﺬ‬easy to handle or to use; see
wao aḳada (middle of paragraph)
‫ﻣﺆاﺧــﺬة‬ mu’āḳada objection, exception; censure, blame| ‫!ﻻ ﻣﺆاﺧــﺬة‬
(mu’āḳadata) pardon me! no offense, I hope!
29
‫ أﺧـﺬ‬ma’ḳūd taken, seized; taken by surprise, caught, trapped; surprised;

taken (‫ ب‬with), fascinated (‫ ب‬by); ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺄﺧﻮذ‬ in force, valid
‫ ﻣﺄﺧﻮذات‬ma’ḳūdāt receipts, takings, returns (com.)
‫ اﺧـﺮ‬II to delay, put off, defer, postpone, adjourn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hinder,
impede, obstruct, hold up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), slow down, retard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
draw out, delay (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. beyond its appointed time); to put back (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), shelve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set back (‫ﻫ ـ‬ a watch, a clock); to suspend,
discharge, dismiss, remove (‫ ه‬s.o. from an office) V to be late; to be
delayed, fall or lag behind (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, tarry, linger, hesitate; to default (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬on), be
behindhand, be in arrears (‫ ﻋﻦ‬with), be behind (‫ ﻋﻦ‬in); to hesitate (‫ ﻋﻦ‬with);
to be suspended (from service), be discharged, be dismissed| ‫ﱂ ﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬

‫ ﻣﻦ ان‬after that, he did not hesitate long before he …, presently, he ...
‫ آﺧـﺮ‬āḳir pl. -ūn, -āt, ‫ اواﺧـﺮ‬awaḳir2 last, ultimate, utmost, extreme; end,
‫ اﻵﺧـﺮ‬and ‫ اﻵﺧـﺮة‬the hereafter|
Confidential
close, conclusion; foot, bottom (of a paper);
‫اﻟـﺪار اﻵﺧـﺮة‬ the abode in the hereafter, the everlasting abode; ‫اﱃ آﺧـﺮﻩ‬ilā
ākīirihī and so forth, et cetera; ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ آﺧﺮ‬āḳir l-amri eventually, finally, in the
end, after all; ‫ آﺧـﺮ اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ‬āḳir d-dahri forever; ‫ آﺧـﺮ اﻟﺰﻣـﺎن‬a. az-zamān time at
which the Day of Judgment is to be expected, the end of the world; ‫آﺧـﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
to the last, down to the grass roots, entirely, completely, e.g., ‫دﻣـﺮ ﻋـﻦ آﺧـﺮﻩ‬
(dummira) to be completely destroyed, be wiped off the map; ‫ ﻣـﻦ آﺧـﺮﻩ‬from
behind, from the rear; ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ آﺧﺮ‬endless, infinite; ‫ ﰲ آﺧﺮ اﻵﺧـﺮ‬after all, last of
‫ اواﺧـﺮ اﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‬a. aš-šahr the end of the
all; month, the last ten days of the
month; ‫ اﺧﲑا وﻟﻴﺲ آﺧﺮا‬last but not least
‫ اﻵﺧﺮة‬al-āḳira the hereafter
‫ آﺧﺮ‬āḳar 2, f. ‫ اﺧﺮى‬uḳrā, pl. comm. ‫ اﺧﺮ‬uḳar 2 (and ‫ آﺧﺮون‬āḳarūn or ‫اﺧﺮ ت‬
respectively) another, one more, ‫ اﻵﺧـﺮ‬the other| ‫( ﻣـﺮة اﺧـﺮى‬marratan) once
more; ‫اﻵﺧـﺮ‬ ‫ ﻫـﻮ‬,‫ ﻫﻲ اﻷﺧـﺮى‬he also, she also, he in turn, she in turn, ‫ ا اﻵﺧـﺮ‬I
also; ‫( ان ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻷﺧﺮى‬in kānat) otherwise; ‫ ﻣﻦ آن اﱃ آﺧﺮ‬from time to time; ‫ﻣﻦ‬
30
‫ﺳـﻨﺔ اﱃ اﺧـﺮى‬ (sana) from year to year; ‫واﺧـﺮى‬ ‫( ﺑـﲔ ﻓـﱰة‬fatra) once in a while,
from time to time; ‫آوﻧـﺔ‬ - ‫( اﺧـﺮى‬awinatan) sometimes -- sometimes, at times
-- at times
‫ اﻷﺧﺮى‬al-uḳrā the hereafter
‫ اﺧﺮوي‬uḳrawī of or relating to the life to come or the hereafter
‫ اﺧـﲑ‬aḳīr last; latest; rearmost; the second of two; ‫ اﺧـﲑا‬eventually, finally,
in the end, after all, at last; recently, the other day; ‫ اﻻﺧـﲑ‬- ‫اﻷول‬ the
former—the latter| ‫آﺧﺮا‬ ‫اﺧﲑا وﻟﻴﺲ‬last but not least
‫ ﻣﺌﺨﺎر‬mi’ḳār palm which retains its fruit into the winter
‫ ﺧــﲑ‬ta’ḳīr delay, deferment, postponement; obstruction, retardation;
putting back, temporary shelving
‫ ﺧــﺮ‬.f ta’aḳḳar delay, lag, retardation; hesitation, tarrying, lingering;
slowness, tardiness; backwardness, underdevelopment (of a country)
‫ ﻣﺆﺧﺮ‬mu’aḳḳar rear part, tail, end; atern (of a ship); remainder, balance (of
a sum, to be paid later); ‫ ﻣـﺆﺧﺮا‬mu’aḳḳaran recently, lately, the other day; at
Confidential
last, finally, eventually
‫ ﻣـﺆﺧﺮة‬mu’aḳḳara rear, rear guard (of an army); rear positions or lines
(mil.); stern (of a ship)
‫ ﻣﺘـﺄﺧﺮ‬muta’aḳḳir delayed, belated, late; occurring later (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬than); behind,
behindhand in arrears; backward, underdeveloped; lagging, staying behind;
defaulter; ‫اﳌﺘـﺄﺧﺮون‬ the later, or modern, authors, writers, or the like (as
opposed to ‫ اﳌﺘﻘـﺪﻣﻮن(; اﳌﺘـﺄﺧﺮات‬arrears, balance of a ‫س‬um remaining due

after previous payment| ‫( اﻟﺒﻠﺪان اﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮة‬buldān) the underdeveloped countries
‫ اﺧﻄﺒﻮط‬uḳṯubūṯ octopus
‫ اﺧـﻮ‬III to fraternize, associate as brothers (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to act or show
o.s. as a brother or friend VI to fraternize, associate as brothers
‫ اخ‬aḳ pl. ‫ اﺧـﻮ‬iḳwa, ‫ اﺧـﻮان‬iḳwān brother; fellow man, neighbor; friend; pl.
‫ اﺧـﻮان‬specif., brethren or members of an order; ‫ اﻹﺧـﻮان‬religious brotherhood
of the Wahabi sect, militant in character, established by Ibn Sa‘ūd in 1910|
‫ أﺧـﻲ‬my dear friend! ‫ اﺧـﻮ ﺛﻘـﺔ‬aḳū tiqa trustworthy, reliable; ‫ اخ ﺷـﻘﻴﻖ‬brother
through both father and mother, brother-german
31
‫ اﺧـﺖ‬uḳt pl. ‫ اﺧـﻮات‬aḳawāt sister; (gram.) cognate; counterpart| ‫ اﺧﺘﻬـﺎ‬the

other (of two), its mate, its counterpart (after a fem. noun)
‫ ﺧﻮي‬ḳuwaiy little brother
‫ اﺧﻮي‬aḳawi brotherly, fraternal
‫ اﺧﻮﻳﺔ‬aḳawīya brotherhood (as a religious association)
‫ اﺧﺎء‬iḳā’, ‫ اﺧﻮة‬uḳūwa brotherhood, brotherliness, fraternity
‫ اﺧﺎوة‬iḳāwa fraternization, fraternity, brotherliness
‫ خ‬ta’āḳin fraternization
‫ اﺧﻮر‬aḳūr barn, stable
‫ اد‬adda u i to befall, afflict (‫ ه‬a.o.)
‫ اﻣﺮ اد‬amr idd a terrible, evil, horrible thing
‫ ادب‬aduba u (adab) to be well-bred, well-mannered, cultured, urbane,
have refined tastes; - adaba i (adb) to invite (to a party or banquet, ‫ ه‬s.o.),
entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.)| ‫( ادب ﻣﺄدﺑـﺔ‬ma'duba) to arrange a banquet, give a formal
dinner II to refine, educate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to discipline, punish, ehastise (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV
Confidential
to invite as a guest (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to receive a fine education; to be well-bred,
well-educated, cultured, have refined tastes; to show o.s. polite, courteous,
civil, urbane; to educate o.s., refine one’s tastes (‫ ب‬by, through); to let o.s.
be guided (‫ ب‬by)| ‫دﺑﻪ‬ ‫( دب‬bi-adabihi) to follow s.o.’s moral example

‫ ادب‬adab pl. ‫ آداب‬ādab culture, refinement; good breeding, good
manners, social graces, decorum, decency, propriety, seemliness; humanity,
humaneness; the humanities; belles-lettres|‫ ﺑﻴﺖ اﻷدب‬toilet, water closet; ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻷدب‬ and ‫ﻋـﺪﱘ اﻷدب‬ ill-mannered, ill-bred, impolite, uncivil; ‫اﻷدب اﻟﻌـﺎﻣﻲ‬
(‘āmmī) popular literature; ‫رﺟـﺎل اﻷدب‬ literati, men of letters; ‫ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ اﻵداب‬
kullīyat al-ā. (= faculté des lettres) college of arts; ‫ آداب‬rules, rules of
conduct, e.g., ‫آداب اﻟﺴــﻠﻮك‬ rules of decorum, etiquette; ‫ اﻵداب‬decency,
morals
‫ ادﰊ‬adabī moral, ethic(al); literary| ‫ واﺟـﺐ ادﰊ‬moral obligation; ‫ادﺑﻴـﺎ وﻣـﺎد‬
adabiyan wa-māddīyan morally and physically; ‫اﻷدﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫( اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬falsafa) ethics,
moral science
‫ ادﺑﻴﺎت‬adabīyāt lliterature, belles-lettres
32
‫ ادﲞﺎﻧﺔ‬adabḳāna pl. -āt toilet, water closet

‫ ادﻳـﺐ‬adīb pl. ‫ اد ء‬udabā’ cultured, refined, educated; well.bred, well-
mannered, civil, urbane; a. man of culture and refined tastes; man of letters,
writer, author
‫ ادﻳﺒﺔ‬adība authoress, writer
‫ ﻣﺄدﺑﺔ‬ma’duba pl. ‫ ﻣﺂدب‬ma’ādib banquet, formal dinner
‫ دﻳـﺐ‬ta’dīb education; discipline; punishment, chastisement; disciplinary
punishment|‫اﻟﺘﺄدﻳﺐ‬ ‫ ﳎﻠﺲ‬majlis at-t. disciplinary board
‫دﻳــﱯ‬ ta'dībī disciplinary; punitive, retaliatory| ‫(ﻗﻀــﻴﺔ دﻳﺒﻴــﺔ‬qaḍīya)
disciplinary action
‫ دب‬ta’addub good breeding, good manners, civility, politeness,
courteousness, tact
‫ آدب‬ādib host
‫ ﻣـﺆدب‬mu’addib pl. -ūn educator; teacher in a Koranic school (Tun.); -
mu'addab well-bred, well-mannered, civil, urbane
‫ ادرة‬udra scrotal hernia
Confidential
‫ ادرﻧﺔ‬adirna2 Edirne, Adrianople (city in NW Turkey)
‫( اﻻد ﺗﻴــﻚ‬Fr. adriatique) al-adriyātīk and ‫ ﲝــﺮ اﻻد ﺗﻴــﻚ‬baḥr al-a. the
Adriatic Sea
1 ‫ ادم‬adama i (adm) to take some additional food (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with the bread),
enrich (‫ ﻫـ‬the bread) with some extra food or condiment
‫ ادام‬idām anything eaten with bread; shortening, fatty ingredient
2‫ ادم‬adam, adama skin
‫ ادﱘ‬adīm skin; surface; tanned skin, leather|‫ادﱘ اﻷرض‬ a. al-arḍ the

surface of the earth
‫ ادام‬addām tanner
3‫ آدم‬ādam2 Adam|‫آدم‬ ‫ اﺑﻦ‬human being
‫ آدﻣــﻲ‬ādamī human; humane; poor, inferior, meager; (pl. -ūn, (‫اوادم‬
awadim2) human being
‫ آدﻣﻴﺔ‬ādamīya humaneness, humanity; humanism
‫ اداة‬adāh pl. ‫ ادوات‬adawāt tool; instrument; utensil, implement, device,
appliance; apparatus; (gram.) particle| ‫اداة اﳊﻜـﻢ‬ a. al-ḥukm machinery of
33
government; ‫اداة اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳــﻒ‬ ‫( اداة اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳــﺔ‬tanfīdīya)

definite article (gram.);
executive agency; pl. materials, equipment, gear, ‫( ادوات ﺣﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬ḥarbīya) war
material; ‫( ادواوت اﺣﻄﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ‬iḥtiyāṯīya) stand-by equipment (techn.); ‫ادوات ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻴـﺔ‬
(manzilīya) household utensils, household effects
‫ اﻷدون‬al-adōn (Hebr.) the Lord; Mr. ... (Isr.)
‫ ادى‬II to convey, take, bring, lead, steer, channel (‫ ه ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫اﱃ‬
to), see that s.o. or s.th. (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ or ‫)ب‬ gets to (‫ ;)اﱃ‬to bring about, cause,
effect, produce (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to lead, contribute, be conducive (‫ اﱃ‬to a result); to
amount, come practically (‫ اﱃ‬to); to tend (‫ اﱃ‬to), aim (‫ اﱃ‬at); to carry out,
execute, discharge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to perform (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a ritual, etc.); to do (‫واﺟﺒــﻪ‬

wājibahū one’s duty); to fulfill (‫ وﻇﻴﻔــﺔ‬a function, ‫ رﺳــﺎﻟﺔ‬a mission); to
accomplish (‫ ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﻳـﺔ‬a task); to take (‫ ﳝﻴﻨـﺎ‬an oath; ‫ اﻣﺘﺤـﺎ‬an examination); to
render (‫ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ḳidmatan a service, ‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.; ‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., a meaning, a musical
composition, etc.)|‫( ادى‬salām) to greet, salute V to lead, be conducive,
Confidential
contribute (‫ اﱃ‬to results); to be carried out, be performed, be accomplished;
to arrive (‫ إﱃ‬at), be lead (‫ إﱃ‬to) X to demand, claim (‫ه‬
‫ اداء‬adā’ pl.
‫ ﻫـ‬from s.o. s.th.)
-āt (as verbal noun of II) rendering (of a service); pursuit,
performance, execution, discharge (of a duty), realization, effectuation,
accomplishment (of a task); rendition, reading (e.g., of a musical
composition); fulfillment; payment| ‫اﻷداء‬ ‫ ﺣﺴـﻦ‬ḥusn al-a. good rendition (of
a work of art, of a musical composition)
‫ دﻳـﺔ‬ta’diya rendering (of a service); pursuit, performance, execution,
discharge (of a duty), realization effectuation; accomplishment (of a task);
fulfillment; payment
‫ ﻣـﺆدى‬mu’addan assignment, task, function; sense, meaning, signification,
import, underlying idea
‫ اذ‬id 1. (introducing a verbal clause) (and) then; ‫ إذ ذاك‬id dāka (also
written ‫ )إذاك‬then, at that time, at the same time, in doing so; 2. (conj.; temp.
and caus.) as, when; since, as, the more so as, because; ‫ اذ ان‬id anna since,
as, in view of the fact that; for, because
34
1 1 ‫اذا‬. (introducing a nominal clause the subject of which may he

expressed by ‫ ب‬with foll. genit.) and then, and all of a sudden; (with noun
in nominative case or with ‫ )ب‬there was … and all of a sudden there was
…; 2. (conj.) when; if, whenever; whether, if (introducing indirect
questions); ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ اذا‬when, whenever; ‫( اﻻ اذا‬illā) unless if not; except when
2 (‫اذن‬ ‫ )اذا‬idan then, therefore, in that case, hence, consequently
‫ آذار‬ādār2 March (month; Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.)
1‫ اذن‬adina a to listen (‫ إﱃ‬to s.o..); to allow, permit (‫ل‬
‫ ﰲ‬s.o. s.th.); to hear,
learn (‫ ب‬of s.th.), be informed (‫ ب‬about) II to call (‫ ب‬to), esp. to call to
prayer (‫ ;) ﻟﺼﻼة‬to crow (rooster) IV to announce, make known (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ب‬

‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), inform, notify (‫ ه‬s.o.); to call to prayer; to call upon s.o. (‫)ه‬,
urge, admonish, exhort (‫ ه‬s.o..) to do s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to herald (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
foreshadow (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be on the verge (‫ ان‬of doing s.th..)| ‫آذن ﻟﺴـﻘﻮط‬
‫)) ﻟـﺰوال‬ (zawāl) to show signs of the imminent downfall (end); ‫آذن اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬
Confidential
‫ﻧﺘﺼـﺎف‬ (lailu bi-ntiṣāf) it was close to midnight V to herald, announce (‫ب‬
s.th.) X to ask permission (‫ ﰲ‬to do s.th., rarely ‫;)ب‬ to ask permission to
enter (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.'s house), have o.s. announced (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); to take leave (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
of s.o.), say good-by (‫ ﻣﻦ‬to)
‫ اذن‬idn permission, authorization; ‫ ذن ﷲ‬if God choose, God willing; (pl.
‫اذون‬ udūn, ‫اذو ت‬ udūnāt) (postal) order| ‫اذن اﻟﱪﻳــﺪ‬ pl. ‫اذو ت اﻟﱪﻳــﺪ‬ postal
money order; ‫اﻟﺒﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ اذن‬do.

‫ اذن‬udun, udn pl. ‫ آذان‬ādan ear; handle (of a cup)| ‫اﻟﺘﻬـﺎب اﻻذن اﻟﻮﺳـﻄﻰ‬
(wusṯā) middle-ear infection, otitis media (med.)
‫ اذان‬adān call to prayer
‫ اذﻧﻴﺔ‬udaina little ear; ear lobe
‫ ﻣﺄذﻧﺔ‬ma’dana, ‫ ﻣﺌﺬﻧﺔ‬midana pl. ‫ ﻣﺂذن‬ma’ādin2 minaret
‫ اﻳـﺬان‬idān declaration, proclamation, announcement (‫ ب‬of s.th..)| ‫اﻳـﺬ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ indicating that the conversation is (was) ended
35
‫ ﻣـﺄذون‬ma’dūun authorized; slave with limited legal rights (Isl. Law); =

‫( ﻣـﺄذون ﺷـﺮﻋﻲ‬šar‘ī) official authorized by the cadi to perform civil marriages
(Isl. Law)
‫ ﻣﺄذوﻧﻴﺔ‬ma’dūnīya leave, furlough (mil. Syr.); license, franchise (Syr.)
‫ ﻣﺆذن‬mu’addin muezzin, announcer of the hour of prayer
‫ اذن‬idan see 2‫اذا‬
‫ اذى‬adiya a to suffer damage, be harmed IV to hs.rm, hurt, wrong (‫ه‬
s.o.); to molest, annoy, irritate, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.)|‫ﻳـﺆذي‬ ‫ ﻻ‬lā yu’dī innocuous,
harmless, inoffensive V to suffer damage, be wronged; to feel offended, be
hurt
‫ اذى‬adan, ‫ اذاة‬adāh, ‫ اذﻳـﺔ‬adīya damage, harm; injury; trouble, annoyance,
grievance, wrong, offense, insult
‫ اذاﻳﺔ‬idāya damage, harm, harmfulness, noxiousness
‫ اﻳﺬاء‬īdā’ harm, damage, prejudice; offense,. hurt; grievance, nuisance
‫ ﻣﺆذ‬mu’din hurtful, harmful, injurious, detrimental, prejudicial; annoying,
irksome, troublesome; painful, hurting, offensive, insulting
Confidential
‫ اراﺗﻴﻘﻲ‬arātīqī and ‫ اراﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬pl. ‫ اراﺗﻘﺔ‬arātiqa a heretic (Chr.)
‫ آراﻣﻰ‬ārāmī Aramaean; Aramaic
‫ ارب‬ariba a (arab) to be skillful, proficient (‫ ب‬in s.th.); -- araba i to
tighten (‫ ﻫـ‬a knot) III to try to outwit (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ارب‬arab pl. ‫ آراب‬ārāb wish (‫ ﰲ‬for), desire, need (‫ ﰲ‬of s.th.); purpose.
aim, goal, end
‫ ارب‬irb pl. ‫ آراب‬ārāb limb| ‫( ﻣﺰﻗـﻪ ار ار‬mazzaqahū) to tear s.th. to pieces or
to shreds
‫ ارﺑﺔ‬irba skill, resourcefulness, cleverness, smartness
‫ ارﺑﺔ‬urba pl. ‫ ارب‬urab knot, bow
‫ ارﻳﺐ‬arīb skillful, resourceful, clever, intelligent
‫ ﻣـﺄرب‬ma’rab pl. ‫ ﻣـﺂرب‬ma’ārib2 wish, desire; object of desire, purpose,
aim, goal, end
‫ ارﺑﻴﻞ‬arbīl Erbil (the ancient Arbela, city in N Iraq)
‫ ارﺗﻮازي‬artuwaāzī artesian (well)
1‫ ارث‬II to sow dissension (‫ ﺑﲔ‬between, among)
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2‫ ارث‬irt inheritance, heritage; estate (of inheritance)
‫ ارﺛﻮذﻛﺴﻲ‬urtūduksī orthodox; ‫ اﻻرﺛﻮذﻛﺴﻴﺔ‬the Orthodox Church

‫ اﻟﺮوم اﻻرﺛﻮذﻛﺴﻲ‬ar=rūm al-urtūduksī the Greek Orthodox Church
‫ ارج‬arija a (araj, ‫ ارﻳﺞ‬arīj) to be fragrant V do.
‫ ارج‬araj fragrance, sweet smell
‫ ارج‬arij fragrant, sweet-smelling
‫ ارﻳﺞ‬arīj fragrance, sweet smell
‫ ارﺟﺢ‬II ta’arjaḥa to rock, swing
‫ ﻣﺘﺄرﺟﺢ‬muta'arjiḥ fluctuating
‫ اﻻرﺟﻨﺘﲔ‬al-arjantīn Argentina
‫ ارﺟﻮان‬urjuwān purple
‫ ارﺟﻮان‬urjuwānī purple(-colored)
‫ ارﺟـﻮز‬popular spelling (eg.) of ‫’ ﻗـﺮﻩ ﺟـﻮز‬aragōz (q.v.); Punch (in a Punch
and Judy show)
‫ ارخ‬II to date (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a letter, and the like, ‫ ب‬with a date); to write the history
Confidential
of s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬
‫ رﻳـﺦ‬ta'rīḳ dating (of a letter, etc.); ta'rīḳ pl. ‫ ﺗـﻮارﻳﺦ‬tawārīḳ2 date; time;
history; chronicle, annals| ‫اﳊﻴـﺎة‬
‫ رﻳـﺦ‬t. al-ḥayāh biography; curriculum vitae;
‫‘( رﻳﺦ ﻋﺎم‬āmm) world history; ‫ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬the historians
‫ رﳜﻲ‬tārīḳī historic(al)
‫ ﻣـﺆرخ‬mu'arriḳ pl. -ūn historiographer, historian, chronicler, annalist; --
mu’arraḳ dated
‫ ارﺧﺒﻴﻞ‬arḳabīl archipelago
‫( ارﺧﻦ‬άρχων) pl. ‫ اراﺧﻨﺔ‬arāḳina archon, pl. notables (Chr.-Copt.)
‫ اردب‬irdabb (now usually pronounced ardabb)pl. ‫ ارادب‬arādib2 ardeb, a
dry measure (Eg.; = 1981)
‫ اردﺑﺔ‬irdabba cesspool
‫ اﻻردن‬al-urdunn Jordan (river and country)
‫ اردﱐ‬urdunni Jordanian| ‫ اﳌﻤﻠﻜـﺔ اﻻردﻧﻴـﺔ اﳍﺎﴰﻴـﺔ‬al-mamlaka al-u. al-hāšimīya
the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (official designation)
‫( اردواز‬Fr. ardoise) arduwāz slate
37
1 ‫ ارز‬arz (n. un. ‫ )ة‬cedar
2 ‫ ارز‬aruzz rice
‫ ارس‬arasa i (ars) to till the land
‫ ارﻳﺲ‬irrīs and arīs peasant, farmer
‫ ارﺳﺘﻘﺮاﻃﻲ‬aristuqrāṯī aristocratic; ristocrat
‫ ارﺳﺘﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ‬aristuqrāṯīya aristocracy
‫ ارﺳﻄﻮ‬arisṯū Aristotle
‫ ارش‬arš indemnity, amercement, fine, penalty; blood money (for the
shedding of blood; Isl. Law)
‫( ارﺷﻲ اﺑﺴﻘﻮﺑﺲ‬Gr. ὰρχιεπίσϰοπος) archbishop
‫( ارﺷﻴﺪوق‬Fr. archiduc) archduke, ‫ ارﺷﻴﺪوﻗﺔ‬archduchess
‫ ارض‬arḍ f., pl. ‫ اراض‬arāḍīn, ‫ اراﺿﻮن‬arāḍūn earth; land, country, region, area;
terrain, ground, soil| ‫اﻻرض اﻟﺴـﻔﻠﻰ‬ (suflā) the nether world; ‫اﻻرض اﳌﻘﺪﺳـﺔ‬
(muqaddasa) the Holy Land, Palestine
‫ ارﺿـﻲ‬arḍī terrestrial, of the earth; soil-, land- (in compounds); situated on
Confidential
or near the ground, ground (adj.); earthly; underground, subterranean
‫ ارﺿﻲ ﺷﻮﻛﻲ‬arḍī šaukī artichoke
‫ ارض‬araḍ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬termite; woodworm
‫ ارﺿـﻴﺔ‬arḍīya pl. -āt floor; ground (also, e.g., of a printed fabric, of a
painting); ground floor, first floor (tun.); storage, warehouse charges
‫ ارﺿﺮوم‬arḍurum2 Erzurum (city in NE Turkey)
‫( ارﻃﺔ‬also ‫ )اورﻃﺔ‬urṯa pl. ‫ ارط‬uraṯ (‫ )اورط‬battalion (formerly, Eg.; mil.)
‫ ارﻃﻘﺔ‬arṯaqa pl. -āt heresy (Chr.)
‫ رﻳﻊ‬see ‫رﻳﻊ‬
‫ ارﻏﻦ‬urgun pl. ‫ اراﻏﻦ‬aragin2 organ (mus. instr.)
‫ ارول‬urgūl, argūl a wind instrument (related to the clarinet, consisting of
two pipes of unequal length)
‫ ارق‬ariqa a to find no sleep II to make sleepless (‫ ه‬s.o.), prevent s.o. (‫)ه‬
from sleeping
‫ ارق‬araq sleeplessness, insomnia
‫ ارﻳﻜﺔ‬arika pl. ‫ اراﺋﻚ‬arā’ik2 couch, sofa; throne
‫ ارﻛﻴﻠﺔ‬argīla pl. ‫ اراﻛﻴﻞ‬arāgīl2 (syr.) water pipe, narghile
38
‫ ارﻟﻨﺪي‬irlandī Irish
1 ‫ ارم‬arama i to bite
‫ ارم‬urram molar teeth| ‫( ﺣﺮق اﻻرم‬ḥarraqa) to gnash one's teeth (in anger)
‫ اروﻣﺔ‬arūma, urūma root, origin; stump of a tree
‫ ﻣﺌﺮم‬mi'ram root (of a tooth)
2 ‫آرام‬ārām (= ‫ )ارام‬pl. of ‫ رﺋﻢ‬ri'm) white antelopes
‫ اﻻرﻣﻦ‬al-arman the Armenians
‫ ارﻣﲏ‬armanī Armenian (adj. and n.)
‫ ارﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎ‬armēniyā Armenia
‫ اﻻر وط‬al-arnāwuṯ the Albanians
‫ ار وﻃﻲ‬arnāwuṯī Albanian
‫ ارﻧﺐ‬arnab f., pl. ‫ اراﻧﺐ‬arānib2 hare; rabbit|‫( ارﻧﺐ ﻫﻨﺪي‬hindī) guinea pig
‫ ارﻧﺒـﺔ‬arnaba female hare, doe| ‫ ارﻧﺒـﺔ اﻻﻧـﻒ‬a. al-anf tip of the nose; nose,
muzzle (of an animal)
‫( ارﻧﻴﻚ‬Turk. örnek) urnīk pl. ‫ اراﻧﻴﻚ‬arānīk2 pattern, model; form, blank
Confidential
‫ ارو‬urubbā Europe
‫ اروﰊ‬urubbī European (adj. and n.)
1‫ ارى‬ary honey
2‫ آرى‬ārī Aryan
‫ آرﻳﺔ‬ārīya Aryanism
‫ ارﳛﺎ‬arīḥā Jericho
‫ از‬azza u i (‫ ازﻳـﺰ‬aziz) to simmer; to hum, buzz; to whiz, hiss; to fizzle; to
wheeze
‫ ازﻳﺰ‬azīz hum(ming), buzz(ing); whizzing, whizz, whistle (e.g., of bullets)
1 ‫ ازب‬azaba i (azb) to flow, run (water)
‫ ﻣﺌـﺰاب‬mi'zāb pl. ‫ ﻣﺂزﻳـﺐ‬ma'āzīb2 and ‫ ﻣﻴـﺰاب‬mīzāb pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺎزﻳـﺐ‬mayāzīb2

drain; gutter, eaves trough
2‫ ازب‬izb dumpy, pudgy, stocky; small man
‫ اﻻزﺑﻚ‬al-uzbak the Uzbeks
‫ ازر‬azara i (azr) to surround (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to clothe (‫ ه‬s.o. with an ‫ ازار‬izār
q.v.); to cover, wrap up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to strengthen, brace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
39
III to help (‫ ه‬s.o.); to support, back up, strengthen (‫ ه‬s.o.) V and VIII to put
on an izār (see below), wrap s.o. in an izār VI to help each other; to rally,
unite, join forces
‫ ازر‬azr strength| ‫ ﺷـﺪ ازرﻩ‬šadda azrahū or ‫( ﺷـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ازرﻩ‬min azrihi) to help,
support, encourage s.o., back s.o. up; šadda azruhū to be energetic, vigorous,
lusty, courageous
‫ ازار‬izār m. and f., pl. ‫ ازر‬uzur loincloth; wrap, shawl; wrapper, covering,
cover
‫ ﻣﺌﺰر‬mi’zar pl. ‫ ﻣﺂزر‬ma’āzīr2 apron; wrapper, covering, cover
‫ ﻣﺆازرة‬mu’āzara support, aid, assistance, backing
‫ زر‬ta’āzur mutual assistance
‫ ازف‬azila a (awaf, ‫ ازوف‬uzūf) to come, approach, draw near (a time)
‫ ازق‬azaqa i (azq) to be narrow V do.
‫ ﻣـﺄزق‬ma'ziq pl. ‫ ﻣـﺂزق‬ma’āziq2 narrow passageway, narrow pass, strait,
bottle-neck; predicament, fix, dilemma, critical situation, also ‫ﻣـﺄزق ﺣــﺮج‬
(ḥarij)
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‫ ازل‬azl pl. ‫ آزال‬āzāl eternity (without beginning), sempiternity
‫ ازﱄ‬azali eternal, sempiternal
‫ ازﻟﻴﺔ‬azalīya sempiternity, eternity
‫ ازم‬V to be or become critical, come to a head (situation, relations)
‫ ازﻣﺔ‬azma pl. azamāt emergency; crisis| ‫( ازﻣﺔ وزارﻳﺔ‬wizāriya) cabinet crisis
‫ زم‬ta'azzum: ‫ زم اﳊﺎﻟـﺔ‬t. al-hāla critical development, aggravation of the
situation
‫ ﻣﺄزوم‬ma'zūm victim of a crisis
‫ ازﻣﲑ‬izmīr2 Izmir (formerly Smyrna, sea-port in W Turkey)
‫ ازﻣﻴﻞ‬izmīl pl. ‫ ازاﻣﻴﻞ‬azāmīl 2 chisel
‫( ازوت‬Engl.) azōt azote, nitrogen
‫ ازوﰐ‬azōtī nitrogenous
‫ ازى‬III to be opposite s.th. (‫)ه‬, face (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ازاء‬izā’a (prep.) opposite, face to face with, facing; in front of; in the face
of (e.g., of a situation); as compared with; ‫ زاء‬bi-izā’i opposite, face to face
with, facing; in front of; ‫ازاء‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻰ‬alā izā’i in the face of (e.g., of a situation)
40
1‫ آس‬ās myrtle
2‫ آس‬pl. -āt ace (playing card)
3‫ آس‬II to found, establish, set up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), lay the foundation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for) V to

be founded, be established, he set up
‫ اس‬foundation, basis; exponent of a power (math.)
‫ اس‬asās pl. ‫ اﺳــﺲ‬usus foundation (also, of a building), fundament,
groundwork, ground, basis; keynote. Tonic (mus.)|‫اﺳــﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ (with foll.
genit.) on the basis of, on the strength of, on account of, according to; ‫ﻻ‬
‫( اﺳﺎس ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬asāsa, ṣiḥḥa) completely unfounded (news, rumor)
‫ اﺳﺎﺳـﻲ‬asāsī fundamental, basic; elementary; essential; principal, chief,
main|‫اﺳﻮد‬ ‫( ﺣﺠﺮ‬ḥajar) cornerstone, foundation stone
‫ اﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت‬asāsīyāt fundamentals, principles
‫ ﺳـﻴﺲ‬ta'sīs founding, foundation, establishment, setting up, institution;
grounding, laying of the substructure (arch.); pl. -āt facilities, utilities;
institutions
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‫ ﺳـﻴﺲ‬ta'sīsī founding; foundational, fundamental| ‫( ﳎﻠـﺲ ﺳﻴﺴـﻲ‬majlis)
constituent assembly
‫ ﻣﺆﺳﺲ‬mu'assis founder
‫ ﻣﺆﺳﺴــﺔ‬mu’assasa pl. -āt foundation, establishment; firm (com.);
institution; organization
‫ اﻻﺳﺒﺎن‬al-asbān, al-isbān the Spaniards
‫ اﺳﺒﺎﱐ‬isbānī Spanish; (pl. -ūn) Spaniard
‫ اﺳﺒﺎﻧﺦ‬isbānaḳ spinach
‫ اﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬isbāniyā Spain
‫ اﺳﺒﺪاج‬isbidāj and ‫ اﺳﺒﻴﺪاج‬isbīdāj white lead, ceruse
‫( اﺳﱪﺗﻮ‬It. spirito) isbirto alcohol
‫ اﺳﺒﻠﻴﻄﺔ‬isbalīṯa epaulet
‫ اﺳﺖ‬see 1‫ﺳﺖ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬istātīkī static (el.)
‫( اﺳﺘﺎد‬Fr. stade) istād stadium
‫ اﺳـﺘﺎذ‬ustād pl. ‫ اﺳـﺎﺗﺬة‬asātida master; teacher; professor (academic title);
form of address to intellectuals (lawyers, journalists, officials, writers and
41
poets); ledger (com.)| ‫اﻻﺳـﺘﺎذ اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ‬ (a‘ẓam) Grand Master (of a lodge);
‫ اﻻﺳـﺘﺎذ اﻷﻛـﱪ‬title of the Rector of Al Azhar University; ‫( اﺳـﺘﺎذ ﻛﺮﺳـﻲ‬kursī;
Eg.) and ‫( اﺳـﺘﺎذ ﺑﻜﺮﺳـﻲ‬Syr.) full professor; ‫( اﺳـﺘﺎذ ﺑـﻼ ﻛﺮﺳـﻲ‬Syr.) associate
professor; ‫ﻣﺘﻔـﺮغ‬ ‫( اﺳـﺘﺎذ‬mutafarrig;Eg.) part-time professor (holding an office
outside the university); ‫( اﺳـﺘﺎذ ﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬musā‘id) assistant professor (Eg.; Syr.);
‫( اﺳﺘﺎذ زاﺋﺮ‬Eg.; Syr.) visiting professor; ‫( اﺳﺎﺗﺬة ﰲ اﳉﺪل‬jadal) they are masters
of disputation
‫ اﺳﺘﺎذﻳﺔ‬ustādīya mastership; professorship, professorate
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮل‬istanbūl2 Istanbul, Constantinople
‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮﱄ‬istanbūlī of Istanbul
‫ اﻵﺳﺘﺎﻧﺔ‬al-āsitāna, ‫ اﻻﺳﺘﺎﻧﺔ‬al-astāna, al-istāna Constantinople, Istanbul
‫ اﺳﺘﱪق‬istabraq brocade
‫ اﺳﱰاﺗﻴﺠﻲ‬istrātījī strategic
‫ اﺳﱰاﱄ‬usturālī Australian
Confidential
‫ اﺳﱰاﻟﻴﺎ‬usturālīyā Australia
‫ اﺳ ـﱰﻟﻴﲏ‬istarlīnī sterling| ‫ ﺟﻨﻴــﻪ اﺳ ـﱰﻟﻴﲏ‬pound sterling; ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﺔ اﻻﺳ ـﱰﻟﻴﲏ‬
minṯaqat al-i. sterling area
‫ اﺳﺘﻤﺎرة‬see ‫اﻣﺮ‬
‫( اﺳﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬It. stoppa) tow, oakum; cotton waste
‫( اﺳﺘﻮدﻳﻮ‬It.-Engl. studio) istūdiyō pl. ‫ اﺳﺘﻮدﻳﻮﻫﺎت‬istūdiyōhāt studio; atelier
‫ اﺳﺘﻮﻛﻬﻮﱂ‬istokholm Stockholm
‫( اﺳﺘﻮﻧﻴﺎ‬Engl.) istōniyā Estonia
‫ اﺳﺘﻴﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬I istiyātīt steatite, soapstone (min.)
‫ اﺳﻮج‬look up alphabetically
‫ اﺳﺪ‬X to display the courage of a lion (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against)
‫ اﺳـﺪ‬asad pl. ‫ اﺳـﺪ‬usud, usd, ‫ اﺳـﻮد‬usūd, ‫ آﺳـﺎد‬āsād lion; Leo (astron.)| ‫داء‬
‫ اﻻﺳﺪ‬leontiasis (med.)
1‫ اﺳـﺮ‬asara i (asr) to bind, fetter, shackle, chain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to capture, take
prisoner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to captivate, fascinate, hold spellbound (‫ ه‬s.o.), absorb,

arrest (‫ ﻫـ‬the attention) X to surrender, give s.o. up as prisoner
42
‫ اﺳـﺮ‬asr (leather) strap, thong; capture; captivity|‫ ﺷـﺪة اﻻﺳـﺮ‬šiddat al-a.

vigor, energy
‫ اﺳـﺮة‬usra pl. ‫اﺳـﺮ‬ usar, -āt family; dynasty; clan, kinsfolk, relatives; --
asirra see ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ ﺳـﺮﻩ‬bi-asrihī entirely, completely, altogether, ‫ ﺟـﺎءوا ﺳـﺮﻫﻢ‬all of them
came, they came one and all
‫ اﺳﺎر‬isār (leather) strap, thong; captivity; captivation, enthrallment| ‫وﻗـﻊ ﰲ‬
‫ اﺳﺎرﻩ‬to be subjected to s.th., fall into the clutches of s.th.
‫ اﺳـﲑ‬asīr pl. ‫ اﺳـﺮاء‬usarā2, ‫ اﺳـﺮى‬asrā, ‫ اﺳـﺎرى‬asārā prisoner, captive, prisoner
of war
‫ اﺳﲑة‬asīra pl. -āt female prisoner, slave girl
‫ آﺳﺮ‬āsir winning, captivating, fascinating; captor
‫ ﻣﺄﺳﻮر‬ma’sūr captivated, fascinated, enthralled (‫ ب‬by)
2‫ اﺳﺮة‬asirra see ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮ‬
3‫ ﻣﺄﺳﻮرة‬look up alphabetically
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‫ اﺳـﺮاﺋﻴﻞ‬isrā’īl2 Israel| ‫ ﺑﻨـﻮ اﺳـﺮاﺋﻴﻞ‬banū i. the Israelites; ‫ دوﻟـﺔ اﺳـﺮاﺋﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬daulat i.
the State of Israel
‫ اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻠﻲ‬isrā’īlī Israelitish; Israelite; Israeli (adj, and n.); ‫ اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻠﻴﺎت‬Judaica
‫ اﺳﺮاﻓﻴﻞ‬isrāfīl 2 Israfil, the angel who will sound the trumpet on the day of
Resurrection
‫ اﺳﺮب‬usrub lead (metal)
‫ اﺳﻄﺎﻧﺒﻮل‬isṯanbūl2 Istanbul, Constantinople
‫ اﺳﻄﺒﻞ‬isṯabl pl. -āt stable, barn
‫( اﺳﻄﺒﺔ‬It. stoppa) usṯubba tow, oakum
‫ اﺳﻄﺮﻻب‬asṯurlāb astrolabe
‫ اﺳﻄﻘﺲ‬isṯaqīs pl. -āt element
‫ اﺳـﻄﻮا ت‬usṯuwāna pl. -āt column (arch.); cylinder (math.; of an engine);
phonograph record; -- pl. ‫اﺳ ــﺎﻃﲔ‬ asāṯīn2 high-ranking, prominent
personalities; stars, celebrities, authorities, masters (e.g., of art: ‫ اﺳﺎﻃﲔ اﻟﻔﻦ‬a.
al-fann)
‫ اﺳﻄﻮاﱏ‬usṯuwānī cylindric(al)
43
‫ اﺳﻄﻮرة‬usṯūra pl. ‫ اﺳﺎﻃﲑ‬asāṯīr legend, fable, tale, myth, saga

‫ اﺳﻄﻮري‬usṯūrī fabulous, mythical, legendary
‫ اﺳﻄﻮل‬usṯūl pl. ‫ اﺳﺎﻃﻴﻞ‬asāṯīl2 fleet; squadron
‫ اﺳــﻄﻰ‬usṯā (colloq. for ‫ )اﺳــﺘﺎذ‬pl. ‫ اﺳــﻄﻮات‬usṯawāt master; foreman,
overseer; also form of address to those in lower callings, e.g., to a cab
driver, coachman, etc.
‫ اﺳـﻒ‬asifa a (asaf) to regret (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ل‬s.th.), feel sorry (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for), be sad
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬about) V do
‫ اﺳـﻒ‬asaf grief, sorrow, chagrin, regret| ‫ !وا اﺳـﻔﺎﻩ‬wā asafāh! Oh, what a
pity! it's too bad! ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻒ‬ ‫ و‬wa-yā lal-asafi (or only ‫ )ﻟﻼﺳﻒ‬unfortunately; ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ اﻻﺳﻒ‬and ‫ ﺑﻜﻞ اﺳﻒ‬bi-kulli asafin do.
‫ اﺳﻒ‬asifa and ‫ اﺳﻴﻒ‬asīf regretful, sorry, sad, grieved, distressed
‫ ﺳﻒ‬ta'assuf regret
‫ آﺳـﻒ‬āsif regretful, sorry, sad| ‫( ﺗﺮﻛﺘـﻪ ﻏـﲑ آﺳـﻒ‬gaira āsifin) I left him
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without regret, I was only too glad to leave him
‫ ﻣﺄﺳـﻮف ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ma’sūf ‘alaihi mourned (esp. of a dead person, = the late
lamented)
‫ ﻣﺆﺳﻒ‬mu’sif distressing, sad, regrettable
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻒ‬muta’assif sad, sorry, regretful; ‫ !ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻒ‬sorry!
‫ اﺳـﻔﺎ خ‬isfānāk and ‫ اﺳـﻔﺎﻧﺦ‬isfānaḳ spinach| ‫( اﺳـﻔﺎ خ روﻣـﻲ‬rūmī) garden
orach (Atriplex hortensis, bot.)
‫ اﺳﻔﻠﺖ‬asfalt asphalt
‫ اﺳﻔﻨﺞ‬isfanj,isfunj sponge
‫ اﺳﻔﻨﺠﻲ‬isfanjī spongy; porous
‫ اﺳﻔﻨﺪان‬isfindān maple (bot.)
‫ اﺳﻔﻴﺪاج‬isfīdāj; white lead, ceruse
‫ اﺳﻔﲔ‬isfīn pl. ‫ اﺳﺎﻓﲔ‬asāfīn2 wedge
‫ اﺳﻘﺮﺑﻮﻃﻲ‬isqarbūṯī: ‫( ﻣﺮض اﺳﻘﺮﺑﻮﻃﻲ‬maraḍ) scurvy (med.)
‫ اﺳــﻘﻒ‬usquf pl. ‫ اﺳــﺎﻗﻔﺔ‬asāqifa, ‫ اﺳــﺎﻗﻒ‬asāqif2 bishop| ‫رﺋــﻴﺲ اﻻﺳــﺎﻗﻔﺔ‬
archbishop
‫ اﺳﻘﻔﻲ‬usqufī Episcopal
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‫ اﺳﻘﻔﻴﺔ‬usqufīya episcopate, bishopric

‫ اﺳﻘﻤﺮي‬usqumrī, isqumrī mackerel (zool.)
‫ اﺳﻘﻴﻞ‬isqīl an Oriental variety of sea onion (Scilla)
‫( اﺳﻜﺘﺶ‬Engl.) isketš sketch
‫ اﺳﻜﺘﻠﻨﺪا‬iskotlandā Scotland
‫ اﺳﻜﺘﻠﻨﺪي‬iskotlandī Scottish, Scotch
‫ اﺳﻜﻠﺔ‬iskila pl. ‫ اﺳﺎﻛﻞ‬asākil2 seaport, commercial center (in the East)
‫ اﺳﻜﻤﻠﺔ‬iskamla stool, footstool
‫ اﺳـﻜﻨﺪروﻧﺔ‬iskandarūna2 Iskenderon (formerly Alexandretta, seaport in S
Turkey)
‫ اﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪرﻳﺔ‬al-iskandarīya Alexandria (city in N Egypt)
‫ اﺳﻜﻨﺪﻳﻨﺎﻓﻴﺎ‬iskandināfīya Scandinavia
‫ اﺳﻞ‬II to sharpen, point, taper (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ اﺳﻞ‬asal (coll.) rush (bot.)
‫ اﺳـﻠﺔ‬asaIa pl. -āt thorn, spike, prong; point (also, e.g., of a pen = nib); tip
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of the tongue
‫ اﳊﺮوف اﻻﺳﻠﻴﺔ‬al-ḥurūf al-asalīya the letters ‫ س‬,‫ ز‬and ‫ص‬
‫ اﺳﻴﻞ‬asīl smooth| ‫( ﺧﺪ اﺳﻴﻞ‬ḳadd) smooth cheek
‫ اﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬asāla eliptic, oval form
‫ ﻣﺆﺳﻞ‬mu’assal pointed, tapered
‫( اﺳﻼﻣﺒﻮﱄ‬variant of ‫ )اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮﱄ‬islāmbūlī of Istanbul
‫ اﺳﻼﻧﺪﻩ‬islandā Iceland
‫ اﺳﻢ‬see 1‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫ اﲰﺎﳒﻮﱐ‬asmanjūnī sky-blue, azure, cerulean
‫ اﲰﺮﻩ‬asmara Asmara (capital of Eritrea)
‫ اﲰﻨﺖ‬asmant, ismant cement
‫ اﲰﻨﱵ‬asmantī cement (adj.)
‫ اﺳﻦ‬asana i u and asina a to become brackish (water)
‫ آﺳﻦ‬āsin brackish
(‫ اﺳـﻮ‬and ‫ اﺳـﻰ( اﺳـﺎ‬asā u (asw,
‫ اﺳـﺎ‬asan) to nurse, treat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a wound); to
make peace (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between, among); -- ‫ اﺳـﻰ‬asiya (‫ اﺳـﺎ‬,‫ اﺳـﻰ‬asan) to be sad,
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grieved, distressed II to console, comfort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to nurse (‫ ه‬a patient) III

to share (one’s worldly possessions, ‫ ه‬with s.o.), be charitable (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
assist, support (‫ ه‬s.o.); to console, comfort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to treat, cure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
medically) V to be consoled, find solace VI to share the worldly
possessions; to assist one another, give mutual assistance
‫ اﺳﻰ‬asan grief, sorrow, distress
‫ اﺳـﻮة‬uswa, iswa example, model, pattern|‫ اﺳـﻮة ب‬uswatan bi following the
model or pattern of; along the lines of; in the same manner as, just as, like
‫ ﻣﺄﺳﺎة‬ma’sāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺂس‬ma’āsin trogedy, drama
‫ ﺳﻴﺔ‬ta’siya consolation, comfort
‫ ﻣﻮاﺳﺎة‬muwāsāh (for mu’āsāh) consolation; charity; beneficence
‫ أﺳﻮار‬iswār, uswār pl. ‫ أﺳﺎور‬asāwir2, ‫ أﺳﺎورة‬asāwira bracelet, bangle
‫ أﺳﻮان‬aswān Aswan (city in S Egypt)
‫ اﺳﻮج‬asūj Sweden
‫ اﺳﻮﺟﻲ‬asūjī Swedish
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‫ اﺳﻰ‬see ‫اﺳﻮ‬
‫ آﺳﻴﺎ‬āsiyā Asia| ‫( آﺳﻴﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﺮى‬ṣugrā) Asia Minor
‫ آﺳﻴﻮي‬āsiyawī Asiatic, Asian (adj. and n.)
‫ اﺳﻴﻮط‬asyūt2 Asyūt (city in central Egypt)
‫ اﺷﺐ‬V to be mixed, heterogeneous, motley (a crowd)
‫ اﺷﺎﺑﺔ‬ušāba pl. ‫ اﺷﺎﺋﺐ‬ašā’ib2 mixed, motley crowd
‫ اﺷﺒﺒﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬išbīliya2 Seville (city in SW Spain)
‫ اﺷﺒﲔ‬išbīn pl. ‫ اﺷﺎﺑﲔ‬see ‫ﺷﱭ‬
‫ اﺷﺮ‬ašara u (ašr) to sow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); -- i to file, sharpen with a file (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II
to mark, indicate, state, enter, record (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to grant a visa; to provide
with a visa (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ اﺷــﺮ‬ašar liveliness, high spirits, exuberance; wildness; insolence,
impertinence
‫ اﺷــﺮ‬ašir lively, sprightly, in high spirits, exuberant; wild; insolent,
impertinent, arrogant
‫ ﻣﺌﺸﺎر‬minšār pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺷﲑ‬mawāšīr2 saw
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‫ ﺷﲑ‬ta’šīr issuance of an official endorsement; official endorsement; visa

‫ ﺷﲑة‬ta’šīra pl. -āt visa| ‫ ﺷﲑة ﻣﺮور‬t. murūr or ‫ ﺷﲑة اﺟﺘﻴﺎز‬transit visa
‫ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ‬mu’aššir indicator, needle (of a measuring instrument)
‫ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ‬mu’aššar jagged, serrated; marked, designated (‫ ب‬by, with)
‫ اﺷﻔﻰ‬išfā pl. ‫ اﺷﺎف‬ašāfin awl, punch
‫ اﺷﻨﺎن‬ušnān potash; saltwort (Salsola kali; bot.)
‫ اﺷﻨﺔ‬ušna moss
‫ اﺷﻮر‬ašūr Assyria
‫ اﺷﻮري‬ašūrī Assyrian (adj. and n.)
‫ اﺻﻴﺺ‬aṣīṣ pl. ‫ اﺻﺺ‬uṣūṣ flowerpot
‫ اﺻﺪ‬II to close, shut (a door, etc.)
‫ اﺻـﺮ‬iṣr pl. ‫ آﺻـﺎر‬āṣār covenant, compact, contract; load, encumbrance,
burden; sin; pl. ‫ آﺻﺎر‬bonds, ties
‫ آﺻـﺮة‬āṣira pl. ‫ اواﺻـﺮ‬awāṣir2 bond, tie (fig. e.g., ‫ اواﺻـﺮ اﻟـﻮﻻء‬a. al-walā’i
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bonds of friendship); obligation, commitment
‫ اﺻﻄﺒﻞ‬iṣṯabl pl. -āt stable, barn
‫ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن‬iṣfahān2 Isfahan (city in W central Iran)
‫ اﺻـﻞ‬aṣula u (‫ اﺻـﺎﻟﺔ‬aṣala) to be or become firmly rooted; to be firmly
established; to be of noble origin II to found (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬a firm
foundation, establish the foundation or origin of (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬V to be or become

firmly rooted, deep-rooted, ingrained; to take root, be or become firmly
established; to derive one's origin (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) X to uproot, root out, extirpate,
exterminate, annihilate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to remove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an organ by a surgical
operation)| ‫ﺷﺄﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫(اﺳﺘﺄﺻﻞ‬ša’fatahū) to eradicate s.th., eliminate s.th. radically
‫ اﺻﻞ‬pl. ‫ اﺻﻮل‬root; trunk (of a tree); origin, source; cause, reason; descent,
lineage, stock (esp., one of a noble character); foundation, fundament, basis;
the origins! (e.g., of s book); pl. ‫ اﺻـﻮل‬principles, fundamentals, rudiments,
elements (e.g., of a science); rules; basic rules, principles, axioms; real
estate, landed property; assets (fin.); -- ‫ اﺻﻼ‬aṣlan originally, primarily; (with
neg.) by no means, not at all, not in the least|‫اﻷﺻـﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ originally, at first;
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‫ اﺻـﻮل اﻟﻔﻘـﻪ‬u. al-fiqh the 4 foundations of Islamic jurisprudence, i.e., Koran,

Sunna, qiyās (analogy) and ijmā‘ (consensus); ‫ اﺻــﻮل وﺧﺼــﻮم‬assets and
liabilities; ‫( اﺻﻮل ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬muḍā‘afa) double-entry bookkeeping; ‫ﺣﺴـﺐ اﻷﺻـﻮل‬
(ḥasaba) properly, in conformity with regulations
‫اﺻـﻠﻲ‬ original, primary, primal, initial; genuine, authentic, pure; basic,
fundamental, principel, chief, main| ‫اﻷﺻـﻠﻲ‬ ‫( اﻟـﺜﻤﻦ‬taman) cost price; ‫اﳉﻬـﺎت‬
‫( اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬jihāt) the cardinal points (of the compass); ‫‘( ﻋﺪد اﺻﻠﻲ‬adad) cardinal
number; ‫‘( ﻋﻀﻮ اﺻﻠﻲ‬uḍw) regular member
‫ اﺻــﻮﱄ‬uṣūlī in accordance with the rules, conforming to prevailing
principles; traditional, usual; legist
‫ اﺻـﻴﻞ‬pl. ‫ اﺻـﻼء‬uṣalā’2 of pure, noble origin; original, authentic, genuine;
pure; proper, actual; firm, solid; sound, reasonable, sensible; of strong,
unswerving character; steadfast; deep-rooted; native, indigenous| ‫اﻷﺻــﻞ‬
‫ اﻷﺻﻴﻞ‬the actual reason; ‫ اﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺮأي‬of sound, unerring judgment
‫ اﺻﻴﻞ‬pl. ‫ آﺻﺎل‬āṣāl, ‫ اﺻﺎﺋﻞ‬aṣā’il2 time before sunset, late afternoon
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‫ اﺻــﺎﻟﺔ‬aṣāla firmness, steadfastness, strength of character; nobility of
descent, purity of origin; aṣālatan immediately, directly, personally| ‫اﺻـﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ اﻟـﺮأي‬a. ar-ra’y clarity and firmness of judgment; judiciousness; ‫ﻻﺻـﺎﻟﺔ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬spontaneously, of one's own accord, in one's own name, personally,
privately (as opposed to ‫ ﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑـﺔ ﻋـﻦ ﻏـﲑﻩ(; اﺻـﺎل وﻧﻴﺎﺑـﺔ‬aṣālatan wa-niyābatan
directly and indirectly
‫ ﺻﻴﻠﺔ‬ta’ṣīla pedigree, genealeogy
‫ ﺻﻞ‬ta’aṣṣu1 deep-rootedness
‫ اﺳﺘﺌﺼـﺎل‬isti’ṣāl extirpation, extermination, (radical) elimination; removal
by surgery
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﺻﻞ‬muta’aṣṣil deep-rooted, deep-seated; chronic (illness)
‫ اﻃﻴﻂ‬aṯīṯ the mooning bray of a camel
1‫ اﻃﺮ‬aṯara i u (aṯr) and II to bend, curve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ اﻃﺎر‬iṯār pl. -āt, ‫اﻃﺮ‬uṯur frame (also, of eyeglasses); tire (of a wheel); hoop
(of a barrel, etc.)
‫ اﻃﺎرة‬iṯāra rim, felly (of a wheel)
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‫ اﻃﺎري‬iṯārī framelike, hoop-shaped

2‫ اﻃﺮﻳﺔ‬see ‫ﻃﺮى‬
‫ اﻃﺮﻏﻠﺔ‬uṯrugulla a variety of pigeon

‫ اﻃﺮون‬aṯrūn = ‫ﻧﻄﺮون‬
‫ اﻻﻃﻼﻧﻄﻴﻚ‬,‫ اﻻﻃﻼﻧﺘﻴﻚ‬al-aṯlantīk, al-aṯlanṯīq the Atlantic
‫ اﻃﻼﻧﻄﻴﻜﻲ‬aṯlanṯīqī and ‫ اﻃﻼﻧﻄﻲ‬aṯlanṯī Atlantic
‫ اﻃﻠﺲ‬aṯlas2 satin; (pl. ‫ اﻃﺎﻟﺲ‬aṯālis2 atlas, volume of geographical maps
‫ اﻃﻠﺴﻲ‬aṯlasī Atlantic
‫ اﻃﻠﻨﻄﻲ‬aṯlanṯī Atlantic| ‫اﳊﻠﻒ اﻻﻃﻠﻨﻄﻲ‬the Atlantic Pact
‫ اﻃﻮم‬aṯūm sea turtle
‫ اﻏـﺎ‬agā, ‫ آﻏـﺎ‬āgā pl. ‫ اﻏـﻮات‬agawāt aga, lord, master, sir; eunuch, harem
chamberlain
‫ اﻻﻏﺮﻳﻖ‬al-igrīq, ‫ اﻻﻏﺎرﻗﺔ‬al-agāriqa the Greeks
‫ اﻏﺮﻳﻘﻲ‬igrīqī Greek, Grecian (adj. and n.)
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‫ اﻏﺴﻄﺲ‬agustus August (month)
ّ V to grumble, mutter in complaint (‫ ﻣﻦ‬about)
‫اف‬
‫اف‬
ّ uff dirt (in the ears or under the nails), earwax, cerumen
‫اف‬
ّ uff interj. expressing anger or displeasure
‫ اﻓﻒ‬afaf displeasure; grumbling, grumble
‫ اﻻﻓﺮﻧﺞ‬al-ifranj the Franks, the Europeans| ‫ ﺑﻼد اﻻﻓﺮﻧﺞ‬Europe
‫ اﻓﺮﳒﻲ‬ifranjī European
‫ اﻓﺮﻧﺴﻲ‬ifransī French; ‫ اﻻﻓﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‬the French language; ‫ اﻻﻓﺮﻧﺴﻴﻮن‬the French
‫ اﻓﺮﻳـﺰ‬ifrīz pl. ‫ اﻓـﺎرﻳﺰ‬afārīz2 frieze; edge; curb; sidewalk|‫ اﻓﺮﻳـﺰ اﶈﻄـﺔ‬i. al-
maḥaṯṯa platform (of a railroad station); ‫اﳊﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ اﻓﺮﻳﺰ‬molding (arch.)
‫ اﻓﺮﻳﻘـﺎ‬afrīqā f. and ‫ اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴـﺎ‬ifrīqiyā, now usually pronounced afrīqiyā f.
Africa| ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫( اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬šamālīya) North Africa
‫ اﻓﺮﻳﻘــﻲ‬ifrīqī, now usually pronounced afrīqī African; (pl. -ūn, ‫اﻓﺎرﻗــﺔ‬
afāriqa) an African
‫ آﻓﺮﻳﻦ‬āfirīn bravo! well done!
‫ اﻓﺴﻨﺘﲔ‬ifsantīn, ifsintīn wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium; bot.)
49
‫ اﻓﺸﲔ‬ifšīn pl. ‫ اﻓﺎﺷﲔ‬afāšīn2 litany (Chr.)

‫ اﻻﻓﻐﺎن‬al-afgān the Afghans; Afghanistan
‫ اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن‬afgānistān Afghanistan
‫ اﻓﻐﺎﱐ‬afgānī Afghan (adj. and n.)
‫ اﻓـﻖ‬ufq, ufuq pl. ‫ آﻓـﺎق‬āfāq horizon; range of vision, field of vision; pl.
distant lands, faraway countries, remote regions; provinces, interior of the
country (as distinguished from the capital)| ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ آﻓـﺎق‬a. al-arḍ the remotest
parts of the earth; ‫اﻟـﺒﻼد‬ ‫ آﻓـﺎق‬a. al-bilād the outlying portions of the country;
‫ ﺷﺬاذ اﻵﻓﺎق‬šuddad al-a. foreigners, travelers
‫ اﻓﻘﻲ‬ufqī horizontal
‫ آﻓﺎﻗﻲ‬āfāqī coming from a distant country or region
‫ اﻓﺎق‬affāq wandering, roving, roaming; tramp, vagabond
‫ اﻓﻚ‬afaka i (afk) and afika a (ifk, afk, afak, ‫ اﻓﻮك‬ufūk) to lie, tell a lie
‫ اﻓﻚ‬ifk and ‫ اﻓﻴﻜﺔ‬afīka pl. ‫ اﻓﺎﺋﻚ‬afā’ik2 lie, untruth, falsehood
Confidential
‫ اﻓﺎك‬affak liar, lying
‫ اﻓﻞ‬afala u i (‫ اﻓﻮل‬ufūl) to go down, set (stars)
‫ اﻓﻮل‬ufūl setting (of stars)
‫ آﻓﻞ‬āfil transitory, passing
‫ اﻓﻼﻃﻮن‬aflāṯūn2 Plato
‫ اﻓﻦ‬afan stupidity
‫ اﻓﲔ‬afīn and ‫ ﻣﺄﻓﻮن‬ma’fūn stupid, foolish, fatuous; fool
‫اﻓﻨــﺪي‬ afandī pl. -īya gentleman (when referring to non-Europeans
wearing Western clothes and the tarboosh); (after the name) a title of respect
(eg.); ‫ !اﻓﻨـﺪم‬afandim! Sir! (eg.) afandim? (I beg your) pardon? What did you
say?
‫( اﻓﻮﻛـﺎﺗﻮ‬It. avvocato) avokātō advocate, lawyer, attorney|‫اﻻﻓﻮﻛـﺎﺗﻮ اﻟﻌﻤـﻮﻣﻲ‬
representative of the attorney general (= Fr. avocat général)
‫ اﻓﻴﻮن‬afyūn opium|‫ روح اﻻﻓﻴﻮن‬al-a. laudanum
‫ اﻗﺔ‬uqqa pl. -āt oka, a weight, in Eg. = 1.24s kg, in Syr. = 1.2s2 kg
‫ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬see ‫وﻗﺖ‬
‫ اﻗﺤﻮان‬uqhūwān pl. ‫ اﻗﺎﺣﻰ‬aqāḥī daisy
50
‫ اﻗــﺮ ذﻳﻦ‬aqrabādīn composite medicament| ‫‘ ﻋﻠــﻢ اﻻﻗــﺮ ذﻳﻦ‬ilm al-a.

pharmaceutics, pharmacology
‫ اﻗﺮ ذﻳﲏ‬aqrabādīnī pharmaceutic(al)
‫ اﻗﻴﻂ‬aqīṯ cottage cheese
‫ اﻗﻠﻴﺪ‬iqlīd look up alphabetically
‫ اﻗﻠــﻢ‬aqlama to acclimate, acclimatize, adapt, adjust II ta'aqlama to
acclimatize (o.s.)
‫اﻗﻠـﻴﻢ‬ iqlīm pl. ‫اﻗــﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬ aqiilim2 climate; area, region; province, district;
administrative district (Eg.; = ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳــﺔ(; اﻻﻗــﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬ country, provinces (as
distinguished from the city)
‫ اﻗﻠﻴﻤــﻲ‬iqlīmī climatic; regional, local; territorial|‫( اﳌﻴــﺎﻩ اﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴــﺔ‬miyāh)
territorial waters
‫ اﻗﻠﻴﺪ‬iqlīd pl. ‫ اﻗﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬aqālīd2 key
‫ اﻗﻠﻴﺪس‬iqlīdis Euclid
‫ اﻗﻨـﻮم‬uqnūm pl. ‫ اﻗـﺎﻧﻴﻢ‬aqānīm2 hypostasis, divine person within the Trinity
Confidential
(Chr.); constitutive element
‫( اﻗﻮﻧﺔ‬Gr. είκών) iqūna icon (Chr.)
‫ اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﺔ‬uqyanūsiya Oceania
‫ اﻛﺎدى‬akkādī Akkadian
‫ اﻛﺎدﳝﻴﺔ‬akādīmīya academy
‫ اﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬okctober October
‫ اﻛـﺪ‬II to assure (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬s.o. of, ‫ ان‬that); to give assurance (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬s.o. of); to
confirm (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. a view) V to be or become convinced, convince o.s. (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
s.th.); to reassure o.s., make sure (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.); to be sure (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to be
urgent, imperative, requisite
‫ ﻛﻴــﺪ‬ta'kīd pl. -āt assurance; confirmation; emphasis; ‫ ﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴــﺪ‬most
certainly! of course!
‫ ﻛﺪ‬ta’akkud assurance, reassurance
‫ أﻛﻴﺪ‬akīd certain, sure; firm (resolve); definite (desire); urgent, imperative
(need); ‫ أﻛﻴﺪا‬akīdan certainly! surely!
‫ ﻣﺆﻛﺪ‬mu’akkad certain, definite, sure; confirmed
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬muta'akkid convinced (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
51
1 ‫ اﻛﺮ‬akara i (akr) to plow, till, cultivate (‫ ﻫـ‬the land)

‫ اﻛﺎر‬akkār pl. -ūn, ‫ اﻛﺮة‬akara plowman
2 ‫ اﻛﺮة‬ukra pl. ‫ اﻛﺮ‬ukar ball (for playing)
‫ اﻛﺰﳝﺎ‬ekzēmā eczema (med.)
‫ اﺷﻌﺔ اﻛﺲ‬aši‘‘at iks X-rays
‫ اﻛﺴﱰا‬extra
‫ اﻛﺴﺠﲔ‬oksižēn oxygen
‫ اﻛﺴﲑ‬iksīr elixir
‫ اﻛﻒ‬akuff see ‫ﻛﻒ‬
‫ اﻛـﻞ‬akala u (akl, ‫ ﻣﺄﻛـﻞ‬ma’kal) to eat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to eat up, consume,
swallow, devour, destroy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to eat, gnaw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at), eat away, corrode,
erode (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to spend unlawfully (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.). enrich o.s. feather one's nest (‫ﻫـ‬
with)|‫( اﻛــﻞ ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ اﻟــﺪﻫﺮ وﺷــﺮب‬dahru, šariba) to be old and worn out, be
timeworn; ‫( اﻛـﻞ اﻟـﺮ‬ribā) to take usurious interest; ‫ﻳﻌﻠـﻢ ﻣـﻦ اﻳـﻦ ﺗﺆﻛـﻞ اﻟﻜﺘـﻒ‬
Confidential
ya‘lamu min aina tu’kalu l-katif he knows how to tackle the matter properly;
‫( اﻛﻠﻪ ﺟﻠﺪﻩ‬j‫ه‬lduhū) his skin itched; ‫( اﻛﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻦ‬ṣaḥn) to eat off a plate; ‫اﻛﻞ‬
‫( ﺣﻘـﻪ‬ḥaqqahū) to encroach upon s.o.’s right II and IV to give s.o. (‫ )ه‬s.th.
(‫ )ﻫـ‬to eat, feed (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. s.th.) III to eat, dine (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be devoured,
be consumed; to be eaten away, corrode, undergo corrosion; to become old,
worn, timeworn, full of cracks; to be destroyed by corrosion VI = V
‫ اﻛﻞ‬akl food; meal, repast; fodder, feed| ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﻛﻞ‬gurfat al-a. dining room;
(eg.) ‫اﻛـﻞ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ a. al-baḥr land washed away by the sea or the Nile (as
opposed to ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫)ﻃﺮح‬

‫ اﻛﻞ‬ukul, ukl food; fruit| ‫ آﺗﻰ اﻛﻠﻪ‬to bear fruit
‫ اﻛﻠﺔ‬akla pl. akalāt meal, repast; -- ukla bite, morsel
○ ‫ اﻛﺎل‬ukāl prurigo, itch eruption (med.)
‫ اﻛــﺎل‬akkāl, ‫ اﻛﻴــﻞ‬akīl, ‫ اﻛــﻮل‬akūl voracious, gluttonous; hearty eater,
gourmand, glutton
‫ ﻣﺄﻛﻞ‬ma’kal pl. ‫ ﻣﺂﻛﻞ‬ma’ākil2 food, eats
‫ ﻛﻞ‬ta’akkul wear; corrosion; erosion (geol.)
52
‫ ﻛﻞ‬ta’ākul wear; corrosion; erosion (geol.)

‫ اﺋﺘﻜﻞ‬i’tikāl erosion (geol.)
‫ آﻛﻞ‬ākil eater
‫ آﻛﻠﺔ‬ākila gangrenous sore
‫ ﻣــﺄﻛﻮل‬ma’kūl eatable, edible; pl. ‫ ﻣــﺄﻛﻮﻻت‬food, foodstuffs, eatables,
edibles
‫ ﻣﺆاﻛﻞ‬mu’ākil table companion
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﻛـﻞ‬muta’akkil and ‫ ﻣﺘﺂﻛـﻞ‬muta’ākil corroded; eroded; worn, timeworn;
full of cracks; rusty, rust-eaten
‫ اﻛﻠﲑوس‬iklīrūs clergy (Chr.)
‫ اﻛﻠﲑوﺳﻴﺔ‬iklīrūsīya clericalism
‫ اﻛﻠﲑﻛﻲ‬iklīrikī cleric(al)
‫ اﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻲ‬iklīnīkī clinical
‫ اﻛﻤـﺔ‬akama pl. -āt, ‫ اﻛـﺎم‬ikām, ‫ اﻛـﻢ‬ukum, ‫ آﻛـﺎم‬ākām (coll. ‫ اﻛـﻢ‬akam) hill;
reef; heap, pile|‫وراءﻫـﺎ‬ ‫( وراء اﻻﻛﻤـﺔ ﻣـﺎ‬warā’a) something's fishy! there is more
Confidential
to it than meets the eye
‫ ال‬ill pact, covenant; blood relationship, consanguinity
1 ‫ اﻻ‬a-lā and ‫ اﻣﺎ‬a-mā see|a
2 ‫اﻻ‬alā see 1‫اﻟﻮ‬
3 ‫ اﻻ‬allā (= ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ ان‬an lā) lest, that ... not, in order that ... not, so as not to
4 ‫ اﻻ‬illā (=‫ ان ل‬in lā) unless if not; except, save; (after negation:) only,
but, not until|‫ اﻻ ان‬illā anna except that ..., yet, however, nevertheless (also
introducing main clauses); ‫ اﻻ اذا‬illā idā unless, if not; except when; ‫ واﻻ‬wa-
illā (and if not =) otherwise, orelae;‫ اﻻ وﻫـﻮ‬illā wa-huwa (with a preceding

negation) unless he ..., except that he ... ; ‫ وﻣـﺎ ﻫـﻲ اﻻ ان‬wa-mā hiya illā an
(with following verb in perf.) it was not long until ... ; presently, forthwith;
‫ ﺣـﱴ‬... ‫ وﻣـﺎ ﻫـﻲ اﻻ ان‬wa-ma hiya illā an ... ḥattā no sooner had he ... than ....
e.g..... ‫ﻓﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻲ اﻻ أن ﻫـﻢ ﺣـﱴ ﻓﻌـﻞ‬ (hamma) he had no sooner made his plan
than he carried it out
‫ اﻻﺳﻜﺎ‬alaska Alaska
‫ اﻻى‬alay and ‫ آﻻى‬ālay pl. -āt regiment
53
1 ‫ اﻟـﺐ‬alaba u i (alb) to gather, join forces, rally II to incite (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o.

against) V to rally, band together, plot, conspire (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against)
2 ‫ ﺟﺒﺎل اﻻﻟﺐ‬jibal al-alb the Alps
‫ اﻻﻟﺒﺎن‬al-albān the Albanians
‫ اﻟﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬albāniyā Albania
‫ اﱁ‬abbreviation of ‫ اﱃ آﺧﺮﻩ‬ilā āḳirihī and so on, etc.
‫ اﻟـﺬى‬alladī f. ‫ اﻟـﱴ‬allatī, pl. m. ‫ اﻟـﺬﻳﻦ‬alladīna f. ‫ اﻟﻼﺗـﻰ‬allātī, ‫ اﻟﻠـﻮاﺗﻰ‬allawātī,
‫ اﻟﻼﺋـﻰ‬allā’ī (relative pronoun) he who, that which; who, which, that| ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟﻠﺘﻴـﺎ‬
‫ واﻟﱴ‬ba‘da l-lutayyā wa-llatī after lengthy discussions, after much ado
‫( اﻟﺰاس‬Fr. Alsace) alzās2 Alsace (region of NE France)
‫ اﻟﺲ‬II to belittle, disparage (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
2‫ اﻟــﻒ‬alf pl. ‫اﻟــﻮف‬ ulūf, ‫آﻻف‬ ālāf thousand; millennium|‫ﻣﺆﻟــﻒ‬ ‫اﻟــﻮف‬
(mu’allafa) or ‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫ آﻻف‬thousands and thousands; ‫ ﻋﺸﺮات اﻻﻟـﻮف‬ašarāt al-u.
tens of thousands; ‫ ﻣﺂت اﻻﻟﻮف‬mi’āt al-u. hundreds of thousands
Confidential
‫ اﻟﻔﻰ‬alfī: ‫‘( ﻋﻴﺪ اﻟﻔﻰ‬īd) millennial celebration, millenary
2‫ اﻟـﻒ‬alif name of the letter|‫ﺋـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻔـﻪ اﱃ‬from beginning to end, from A
to Z; ‫( ﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﻔﻪ و ءﻩ‬wa-yā’ahū) he knows it from A to Z; ‫ اﻟﻒ ء‬ABC
3 ‫ اﻟـﻒ‬alifa a (alf) to be acquainted, familiar, conversant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to
be on intimate terms (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be or get accustomed, used, habituated
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to like (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be fond of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to become tame II to accustom,

habituate (‫ه‬‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. to s.th.); to tame, domesticate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal); to form (‫ﻫ ـ‬
e,g., a committee, a government); to unite, join, combine, put together (‫ﺑـﲔ‬
different things); to compile, compose, write (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a book) V to be composed,

be made up, consist (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to be united, be combined VI to be attuned to
each other, be in tune, be in harmony; to harmonize (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with) VIII to be
united, be linked, be connected; to be on familiar, intimate terms (‫ ب‬with);
to form a. coalition (pol.); to fit, ‫س‬uit (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬s.th.), go well, agree, harmonize
54
(‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with); to be well-ordered, neat, tidy X to seek the intimacy, court the

friendship (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
‫ اﻟﻒ‬ilf pl. ‫ اﻻف‬ullāf intimate; close friend, intimate, confidant; lover
‫ اﻟﻒ‬ulfa familiarity, intimacy; friendship, love, affection; union, concord,
harmony, congeniality
‫ اﻟﻴــﻒ‬alīf familiar, intimate; tame, domesticated (animal); friendly,
amicable, genial; (pl. ‫اﻻﺋــﻒ‬ alā’if2) intimate, close friend, associate,
companion
‫ اﻟــﻮف‬alūf familiar, intimate; tame, domesticated (animal); attached,
devoted, faithful
‫ ﻣﺄﻟﻒ‬ma'laf object of familiarity
‫ﻟﻴــﻒ‬ ta’līf formation (e.g., of a government); union, junction,
combination (‫ ﺑ ــﲔ‬of separate things); literary work; composition,
compilation, writing (of a book, of an article); (pl. ‫ﻟﻴـﻒ‬ ta’ālīf2, ‫)ﺗﻮاﻟﻴـﻒ‬
work, book, publication
‫ ﻟ ــﻒ‬ta’āluf harmony;
Confidential
familiarity, intimacy, mutual affection;
comradeship, camaraderie
‫ اﺋـﺘﻼف‬I’tilāf concord, harmony; agreement (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with); union; coalition,
entente (pol.)
‫ اﺋﺘﻼﰲ‬I’tilāfī coalition- (in compounds)| ‫ وزارة اﺋﺘﻼﻓﻴﺔ‬coalition cabinet
‫ اﻟﻒ‬ma’lūf familiar, accustomed; usual, customary; custom, usage
‫ ﻣﺆﻟـﻒ‬mu’allif pl. -ūn author, writer; -- mu’allaf composed, consisting,
made up (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of); written, compiled; (pl. -āt) book, publication; see also 1‫اﻟﻒ‬
alf
‫ ﻣﺘﺂﻟﻒ‬muta’ālif harmonious
‫ اﻟﻖ‬alaqa i, (alq) to shine, radiate, flash, glitter, glisten V and VIII do.
‫ اﻟﻖ‬alaq brightness, brilliance
‫ اﻻق‬allāq bright, shining, brilliant, radiant; glittering, flashing, sparkling
‫ ﻟﻖ‬ta’alluq glow, radiance, effulgence
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﻟﻖ‬mula’alliq bright, shining, brilliant, radiant
‫ اﻟﻜﱰوﱐ‬elektrōnī electronic|‫‘( ﻋﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﱰوﱐ‬aql) electronic computer
55
2‫ اﱂ‬alima a (alam) to be in pain, feel pain; to suffer (y from s.th.) II and
IV to cause pain or suffering (‫ ه‬to s.o.), pain, ache, hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; to

complain
‫ اﱂ‬alam pl. ‫ آﻻم‬ālām pain, ache, suffering, agony|‫( آﻻم ﻧﻔﺴـﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬nafsānīya)
mental agony; ‫اﻵﻻم‬ ‫ اﺳﺒﻮع‬usbū‘ al-a. Passion Week (Chr.)
‫ اﻟﻴﻢ‬alīm aching, sore; sad, grievous, painful, excruciating; hurting
‫ ﱂ‬ta’allum sensation of pain, pain, ache
‫ ﻣﺆﱂ‬mu’allim aching, painful; sad, grievous, distressing
‫ ﻣﺘــﺄﱂ‬muta’allim aching, painful; in pain, suffering, deeply afflicted;
tormented
2 ‫ اﻻم‬ilā-mā see ‫اﱃ‬
‫ اﳌﺎس‬almās (al sometimes interpreted as definite article) diamond
‫ اﻻﳌﺎن‬al-almān the Germans
‫ اﳌﺎﱐ‬almānī German; (pl. -ūn, ‫ اﳌﺎن‬almān) a German
‫ اﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬almāniyā Germany
Confidential
‫ اﳌﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬almānīya German character or characteristics, Germanity
‫ اﻟـﻪ‬II to deify (‫ ه‬s.o.), make a god of s.o. (‫ )ه‬V to become a deity, a
godhead; to deify o.s.
‫ اﻻﻩ‬,‫ اﻟﻪ‬ilāh pl. ‫ آﳍﺔ‬āliha god, deity, godhead
‫ اﻻﻫﺔ‬ilaha pl. -āt goddess
‫ اﻻﻫــﻲ‬,‫ اﳍــﻲ‬ilāhī divine, of God; theological; ‫ اﻻﻻﻫﻴــﺎت‬al-ilāhīyāt
theological, spiritual concerns ‫اﻻﻻﻫﻴﺎت‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ‬i1m al-i. theology
‫ ﷲ‬allāh Allah, God (as the One and Only)|‫درك‬ li-llāh darruka
exclamation of admiration and praise, see ‫در‬

‫ اﻟﻠﻬﻢ‬allāhumma O God!| ‫( اﻟﻠﻬﻢ اﻻ‬illā) unless, were it not that, except that,
or at best (after a negative statement); ‫( اﻟﻠﻬـﻢ اذا‬idā) at least if or when; if
only; ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ‫( اﻟﻠﻬﻢ‬na‘am) by God, yes! Most certainly!
‫ اﻟﻮﻫﻴﺔ‬ulūhīya divine power, divinity
‫ ﻟﻴﻪ‬ta’līh deification, apotheosis
‫ آﻟﻪ‬ālih (pagan) god
56
‫ آﳍﺔ‬āliha pl. -āt goddess

‫ آﳍﻲ‬ālihī divine
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﻟﻪ‬muta’allih divine, heavenly
‫ اﻟﻼﻫﻮت‬etc., see ‫ﻻﻫﻮت‬
1(‫ آﻟﻮ( اﻻ‬alā u to neglect or fail to do, not to do (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), desist, refrain (‫ﰲ‬
from s.th.)| ‫(ﻻ ﻟـﻮ ﺟﻬـﺪا ﰲ‬jahdan) he will go to any length, he spares no
effort, goes out of his way for IV to swear|‫ان‬ ‫آﱃ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ he promised
himself that he ...
‫ اﻳﻼء‬īlā’ oath
1‫( آﻟﻮ‬Fr. hallo) hello!
‫ اﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﺎ‬alūminyā and ‫ اﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮم‬aluminyom aluminum

l‫ اﱃ‬ilā (prep.) to, toward; up to, as far as; till, until; ‫ان‬ ‫( اﱃ‬conj.) until| ‫اﱃ‬
‫( آﺧـﺮﻩ‬āḳirihī) and so forth, et cetera; ‫ اﱃ ذﻟـﻚ‬besides, moreover, furthermore,
in addition to that; ‫ اﱃ ﻏـﺪ‬till tomorrow! ‫( اﻟﻠﻘـﺎء اﱃ‬liqā’) good-by! ‫ اﻻم‬ilāma
Confidential
(= ‫ )اﱃ ﻣـﺎ‬up to where! how far! ‫ اﱃ ﻣـﱴ‬till when! how long! ‫‘( اﻟﻴـﻚ ﻋـﲏ‬annī)
get away from me! away with you! ‫( اﱃ ﺟﺎﻧــﺐ ذﻟــﻚ‬jānibi d.) besides,
moreover, in addition to that; ‫ ﻫـﺬا اﱃ ان‬moreover, furthermore; ‫اﱃ ﻏـﲑ ذﻟـﻚ‬

(gair d.) and the like; ‫اﻟﻴـﻪ‬
‫ وﻣـﺎ‬and the like, et cetera; ‫( )وﻣـﻦ اﻟﻴـﻪ )اﻟـﻴﻬﻢ‬wa-man)
and other people like that; ‫( اﻟﻴﻚ‬addressing the reader) now here you have ...
; here is (are) ... ; following is (are) ..., e.g., ‫اﻟﻘﺎرئ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ واﱃ‬in the following, the
reader will find what ... ;‫( اﺳـﻠﻮب ﻋـﱪاﱐ اﱃ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬uslūb ‘ibrānī) a style of
Hebrew approximating Arabic; ‫ ﻻ اﱃ ﻫـﺬا وﻻ اﱃ ذاك‬neither this way nor that
way, belonging to neither group; ‫ اﻻﻣـﺮ اﻟﻴـﻚ‬it’s up to you, the decision is
yours
2‫( آﻻء‬pl. of ‫ اﱃ‬ilan) benefits, blessings
3‫ اﻟﻴﺔ‬alya, ilya pl. alayāt fat tail (of a sheep); buttock

‫ اﻟﻴﺎذة‬iliyāda Iliad
1‫ ام‬am or? (introducing the second member of an alternative question)
2‫ اﻣﺔ‬ama pl. ‫ اﻣﺎء‬imā’, ‫ اﻣﻮات‬amawāt bondmaid, slave girl
57
3‫ ام‬amma u (amm) to go, betake o.s., repair (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a place), go to see (‫ه‬
s.o.); -- (‫ اﻣﺎﻣﺔ‬imāma) to lead the way, lead by one’s example (‫ ه‬s.i.); to lead
(‫ ه‬s.o.) in prayer; -- (‫ اﻣﻮﻣــﺔ‬umūma) to be or become a mother II to
nationalize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to go, betake o.s. repair (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a place), go to see (‫ه‬
s.o.) VIII to follow the example (‫ ب‬of s.o.)
‫ ام‬umm pl. ‫ اﻣﻬـﺎت‬ummahāt mother; source, origin; basis, foundation;
original, original version (of a book); the gist, essence of s.th.; pl. ‫اﻣﻬـﺎت‬
matrix (typ.)|‫ ام اﳊـﱪ‬u. al-ḥibr cuttlefish squid; ‫ ام اﳊﺴـﻦ‬u. al-ḥasan (magr.)
nightingale; ‫ ام اﳋﻠـﻮل‬u. al-ḳulūl river mussel (zool.); ‫ ام درﻣـﺎن‬u. durmān
Omdurman (city in central Sudan, opposite Khartoum); ‫ ام اﻟـﺮاس‬u. ar-ra's
skull, brain; cerebral membrane, meninges; ‫وارﺑﻌـﲔ‬ ‫ ام ارﺑـﻊ‬u. arba‘ wa-arba‘īn

centipede; ‫ ام ﴰﻠﺔ‬u. šamla(ta) this world, the worldly pleasures; ‫ م اﻟﻌـﲔ‬bi-u.
l-‘ain or ‫ م ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‬with one’s own eyes; ‫ ام اﻟﻘﺮآن‬and ‫ ام اﻟﻘﺮآن‬the first sura of the
Confidential
Koran; ‫ ام اﻟﻘـﺮى‬u. al-qura Mecca; ‫ ام اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب‬also: the original text of the Book
from which Koranic revelation derives; the uncontested portions of the
Koran; ‫ام اﻟــﻮﻃﻦ‬
important events;
u. al-waṯan capital, metropolis;
‫ اﻣﻬــﺎت اﳊــﺮوف‬matrix (typ.);
‫ اﻣﻬــﺎت اﳊـﻮادث‬the
‫ اﻣﻬــﺎت اﳌﺴــﺎﺋﻞ‬the
most
main
problems; ‫ اﻣﻬﺎت اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬the principal virtues
‫ اﻣـﺔ‬umma pl. ‫ اﻣـﻢ‬umam nation, people; generation|‫ اﻣـﺔ ﷴ‬Mohammed's

community, the Mohammedans; ‫اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫( اﻻﻣﻢ‬muttaḥida) the United Nations
‫ اﻣﻲ‬ummī maternal, motherly; illiterate uneducated; (pl. -ūn) an illiterate
‫ اﻣﻴﺔ‬ummīya ignorance; illiteracy; see also under 2‫اﻣﻮى‬
‫ اﳑﻲ‬umamī international
‫ اﻣﻮﻣﺔ‬umūma motherhood; motherliness, maternity
‫ اﻣـﺎم‬amāma (prep.) in front of; in the presence of|‫( اﱃ اﻻﻣـﺎم‬amāmi) to the
front, forward, onward, ahead; ‫ﱂ ﻳﻜــﻦ اﻻ ان‬ (illā an) he had no other
alternative but to ... ; ‫اﻣﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫( وﻗﻒ‬waqafa) to oppose, resist, stop, check s.th.
‫ اﻣـﺎﻣﻰ‬amāmī front, fore-, anterior, forward, foremost|‫( ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻣﺎﻣﻴـﺔ‬nuqṯa)
outpost
58
‫ اﻣﺎم‬imām pl. ‫ اﺋﻤﺔ‬a’imma imam, prayer leader; leader; master; plumb line
‫ اﻣﺎﻣـﺔ‬imāma imamah, function or office of the prayer leader; imamate;
leading position; precedence
‫ ﻣﻴﻢ‬ta’mīm pl. -āt nationalization
1‫ اﻣﺎ‬a-mā see|a
2‫ اﻣـﺎ‬ammā (with foll . ‫ ف‬fa) as to, as for, as far as... is concerned; but;
yet, however, on the other hand|‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫اﻣـﺎ‬ (ba‘du) (a formular phrase linking
introduction and actual subject of a book or letter, approx.:) now then …,
now to our topic: ...
3‫ اﻣﺎ‬immā if; ‫واﻣﺎ‬ -- ‫اﻣﺎ‬ be it -- or, either – or (also ‫او‬ -- ‫)اﻣﺎ‬
‫ اﻣﱪاﻃﻮر‬imbrāṯūr emperor
‫ اﻣﱪاﻃﻮري‬imbrāṯūrī imperialist(ic)
‫ اﻣﱪاﻃﻮرﻳﺔ‬imbrātūrīya empire, imperium; imperialism
‫ اﻣﺒﲑ‬ambīr pl. ‫ اﻣﺎﺑﲑ‬amābīr2 ampere (el.)
‫ اﻣﺒﻴﻖ‬imbiq = ‫اﻧﺒﻴﻖ‬
Confidential
‫ اﻣﺖ‬amt crookedness, curvedness, curvation, curvature; weakness
‫ اﻣﺪ‬amad pl. ‫ آﻣﺎد‬āmād end, terminus, extremity; period, stretch or span of
time, time; distance|‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻣﺪ‬for a long time (past); ‫ ﻗﺼـﲑ اﻻﻣـﺪ‬short-dated;
of short duration, short-lived; short-term
‫ اﻣـﺮ‬amara u (amr) to order, command, bid, instruct (‫ ه‬s.i. ‫ ب‬to do s.th.),
commission, charge, entrust (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ب‬with s.th. or to do s.th.); -- amara,
amura u (‫ اﻣـﺎرة‬imāra) to become an emir II to invest with authority, make an
emir (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over) III to ask s.o. 's (‫ )ه‬advice, consult (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to come
to power; to set o.s. up as lord and master; to behave like an emir; to assume
an imperious attitude; to be imperious, domineering VI to take counsel,
deliberate together, confer, consult with each other; to plot, conspire (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
against) VIII to deliberate, take counsel) (‫ ب‬about); to conspire, plot, hatch
a plot (‫ ب‬against s.o.)| ‫ﻣﺮﻩ‬ ‫ اﺋﺘﻤﺮ‬to carry out s.o.’s orders
‫ اﻣـﺮ‬amr 1. pl. ‫ اواﻣـﺮ‬awāmir2 order, command, instruction (‫ ب‬to do s.th.);
ordinance, decree; power, authority; (gram.) imperative| ‫ﻋـﺎل‬ ‫‘( اﻣـﺮ‬ālin) royal
decree (formerly, Eg.); ‫اﻣـﺮ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬ (‘alīy) decree, edict of the Bey (formerly,
59
Tun.);‫ اﻣـﺮ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬ordinance having the force of law (Tun.); ‫( اﻻﻣـﺮ واﻟﻨﻬـﻲ‬wa-
nnahy) pl. ‫( اﻻواﻣـﺮ واﻟﻨـﻮاﻫﻲ‬lit.: command and interdiction, i.e.) sovereign
power; full power(s), supreme authority; ‫( اﻣـﺮ ﺗﻮرﻳـﺪ‬delivery) order (com.);
‫ ﲢـﺖ اﻣـﺮك‬at your disposal, at your service. -- 2. pl. ‫ اﻣـﻮر‬umūr matter, affair,
concern, business|‫( اﻣ ــﺮ واﻗ ــﻊ‬accomplished) fact; ‫ اﻣ ــﺮ ﻣﻌ ــﺮوف‬common
knowledge; ‫ ﰲ اول اﻻﻣـﺮ‬at first, in the beginning; ‫( ﻻﻣـﺮ ﻣـﺎ‬amrin) for some
reason or other; ‫ اﻟﻴﺲ اﻻﻣﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬isn't it so? ‫( اﻣـﺎ واﻻﻣـﺮ ﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬ammā wa-l-amru)
things being as they are, there will, no doubt, ...; ‫( ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻣﺮ‬min amrin)
whatever may happen; however things may be; ‫ﻫـﻮ ﺑـﲔ اﻣـﺮﻳﻦ‬ he has two
possibilities (or alternatives); ‫اﻟـﺬى‬ ‫ اﻻﻣـﺮ‬which (introducing a relative clause
the antecedent of which is another clause); ‫ ﻗﻀـﻰ اﻣـﺮﻩ‬qudiya amruhu it's all
over with him; in the latter and similar phrases, ‫ اﻣـﺮﻩ‬is a frequent paraphrase
of "he"
‫ اﻣﺮ‬immar simple-minded, stupid
Confidential
‫ اﻣﺮة‬imra power, influence, authority, command|‫ اﻣﺮﺗﻪ‬under his command
‫ اﻣـﺎرة‬amāra pl. -āt, ‫ اﻣـﺎﺋﺮ‬amā’ir2 sign, token, indication, symptom, mark,
characteristic
‫ اﻣـﺎرة‬imāra position or rank of an emir; princely bearing or manners;
principality, emirate; authority, power|‫اﻟﺒﺤــﺮ‬ ‫اﻣــﺎرة‬ i. al-baḥr office or
jurisdiction of an admiral, admiralty; ‫اﻣــﺎرات ﺳــﺎﺣﻞ ﻋﻤــﺎن‬ (i. s. ‘ummān)

Trucial Oman
‫ اﻣـﲑ‬amīr pl. ‫ اﻣـﺮاء‬umarā’ commander; prince, emir; title of princes of a
ruling house; tribal chief| ‫اﻻى‬
‫(اﻣﲑ‬alay) commander of a regiment (formerly,
Eg.; approx.: colonel; as a naval rank, approx.: captain); ‫ اﻣـﲑ اﻻﻣـﺮاء‬approx.:
major general (Tun.); ‫اﻟﺒﺤـﺎر‬ ‫( اﻣـﲑ‬Eg. 1939) approx.: admiral, ‫ﻛﺒـﲑ اﻣـﺮاء اﻟﺒﺤـﺎر‬
(Eg. 1939) approx.: fleet admiral; ‫ اﻣــﲑ اﻟﺒﺤــﺮ‬a. al-baḥr admiral (when
referring to a non-Arab officer of this rank; Eg. 1939 approx.: vice-admiral);
‫اﻣـﲑ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ اﻻﻛـﱪ‬ or ‫اﻣـﲑ اﻟﺒﺤـﺎر اﻻﻋﻈـﻢ‬ fleet admiral (when referring to a non-
Arab officer of this rank); ‫اﻟﻠﻮاء‬ ‫ اﻣﲑ‬a. al-liwā’ (Ir., since 1933) brigadier; ‫اﻣﲑ‬
60
‫ ﻟـﻮاء اﻟﻌﺴـﺔ‬a. l. al-‘assa commandant of the Bey's palace guard (formerly,

Tun.); ‫ اﻣﲑ اﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬a. al-mu’minīn Commander of the Faithful, Caliph
‫ اﻣﲑة‬amīr pl. -āt princess
‫ اﻣـﲑي‬amīrī (and ‫ ﻣـﲑي‬mīrī) goverment(a1), state-owned, state, public|
‫( ارض اﻣﲑي‬arḍ) government land (Syr.); ‫ اﳌﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻻﻣﲑﻳﺔ‬government press
‫ اﻣـﺎر‬ammār constantly urging, always demanding (‫ ب‬to do s.th.); inciting,
instigating| ‫ﻟﺴـﻮء‬ ‫( اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ اﻻﻣـﺎرة‬nafs, sū’) the baser self (of man) that incites
to evil
‫ ﻣﻮر‬ta’mūr soul, mind, spirit; pericardium (anat.)|‫ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﺘﺄﻣﻮر‬pericarditis
(med.)
‫ ﻣﺆاﻣﺮة‬mu’āmara pl. -āt deliberation, counsel, conference; plot, conspiracy
‫ ﻣـﺮ‬ta’ammur imperiousness, domineeringness; imperious deportment,
overbearing manners
‫ ﻣـﺮ‬ta’āmur joint consultation, counsel, deliberation, conference; plot,
conspiracy
Confidential
‫ اﺋﺘﻤﺎر‬i’timār deliberation, counsel, conference; plot, conspiracy
‫ اﺳﺘﺌﻤﺎرة‬isti’māra (frequently written ‫ )اﺳﺘﻤﺎرة‬form, blank
‫ آﻣـﺮ‬āmir commander; lord, master; orderer, purchaser, customer, client|
‫ اﻵﻣﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻫﻰ‬absolute master, vested with unlimited authority
‫ ﻣــﺄﻣﻮر‬ma’mūr commissioned, charged; commissioner; civil officer,
official, esp., one in executive capacity; the head of a markaz and qism
(Eg.)| ‫اﻟﺒـﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ ﻣـﺄﻣﻮر‬commissioner of police; ‫( ﻣـﺄﻣﻮر اﻟﺘﻔﻠﺴـﺔ‬taflīsa) receiver (in
bankruptcy; jur.); ‫ ﻣـﺄﻣﻮر‬m. al-ḥaraka traffic manager (railroad); ‫ﻣـﺄﻣﻮر اﻟﺘﺼـﻔﻴﺔ‬
m. al-taṣfīya receiver (in equity, in bankruptcy; jur.)
‫ ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﻳـﺔ‬ma’mūrīya pl. -āt order, instruction; errand; task, assignment,
mission; commission; commissioner's office, administrative branch of a
government agency, e.g., ‫ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﻳــﺔ ﻗﻀــﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ (qaḍā’īya) judicial commission
charged with jurisdiction in outlying communities (Eg.)
‫ ﻣﺘﺂﻣﺮون‬muta’āmirūn, conspirators, plotters
‫ ﻣﺆﲤــﻮن‬mu’tamirūn conspirators, plotters; members of a congress,
convention, or conference, conferees
‫ ﻣـﺆﲤﺮ‬mu’tamar pl. -āt conference; convention, congress|‫ ﻣـﺆﲤﺮ اﻟﺼـﻠﺢ‬m. aṣ-
ṣulḥ peace conference
61
‫ اﻣـﺮك‬II ta’amraka to become Americanized, adopt the American way of

life, imitate the Americans
‫ ﻣﺮك‬ta’amruk Americanization
‫ اﻣﺮﻟﺲ‬amarillis amaryllis (bot.)
‫ اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬amrīkā (formerly, also ‫ )اﻣﺮﻳﻘـﺎ‬America| ‫( اﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ اﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴـﺔ‬janūbīya) South
America
‫ اﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬amrīkī American; (pl. -ūn) an American
‫ اﻻﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎن‬al-amrīkān the Americans
‫ اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﱐ‬amrīkānī American; (pl. -ūn) an American
‫ اﻣـﺲ‬amsu (but acc. ‫ اﻣﺴـﺎ‬amsan) the day past, yesterday; the immediate
past, recent time; -- amsi (adv.) yesterday; recently, lately, not long ago|
‫ﻻﻣـﺲ‬ bi-l-amsi yesterday; not long ago; ‫اﻻول‬ ‫ اﻣـﺲ‬a. l-awwal two days ago,
the day before yesterday
‫ اﻣﺴﻴﺔ‬umsīya pl. -āt, ‫ اﻣﺎﺳﻰ‬amāsīy evening
‫ اﻣﺴﱰدام‬amstirdām Amsterdam
‫ اﻣﺸﲑ‬amšīr the sixth month of the Coptic calendar
Confidential
‫ اﻣﻊ‬imma‘ and ‫ اﻣﻌﺔ‬imma‘a characterless person; opportunist, timeserver
‫ اﻣـﻞ‬amala u (amal) to hope (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬for), entertain hopes (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬of) II to
hope; to expect (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. of s.o.); to raise hope. (‫ ه‬in s.o.), hold out hope.
(‫ ه‬for s.o.), give (‫ ه‬s.o.) reason to hope or expect| ‫( اﻣﻠﻪ ﺧﲑا‬ḳairan) to let s.o.
hope for the best V to look attentively (‫ﰲ‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬at), regard, contemplate (‫ ﰲ‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to meditate; to consider, think over, ponder (‫ﰲ‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), reflect (‫ ﰲ‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
on)
‫ اﻣـﻞ‬amal pl. ‫ آﻣـﺎل‬āmāl hope, expectation (‫ ﰲ‬of s.th., also ‫ب(| اﻣـﻞ ﻛـﺎذب‬
fallacious hope
‫ ﻣﺄﻣﻞ‬ma’mal pl. ‫ ﻣﺂﻣﻞ‬ma’amil2 hope
‫ ﻣﻞ‬ta’ammul pl. -āt consideration; contemplation; pl. ‫ ﻣﻼت‬meditations
‫ آﻣﻞ‬āmil hopeful
‫ ﻣﺆﻣﻞ‬mu’ammil hopeful
‫ ﻣﺄﻣﻮل‬ma’mūl hoped for, expected
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﻣـﻞ‬muta’ammil contemplative, meditative, reflective; pensive, wistful,
musing
62
‫ اﻣـﻦ‬amuna u (‫ اﻣﺎﻧـﺔ‬amāna) to be faithful, reliable, trustworthy; -- amina a

(amn, ‫ اﻣـﺎن‬amān) to be safe, feel safe (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬from) II to reassure (‫ ه‬s.o.),
set s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind at rest; to assure, ensure, safeguard, guarantee, warrant,
bear out, confirm, corroborate (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th.); to insure (‫اﳊﺮﻳـﻖ‬ ‫ﺿـﺪ‬ against
fire); to entrust (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to say "amen" (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.) IV to
believe (‫ ب‬in) VIII to trust (‫ ه‬s.o.), have confidence, have faith (‫ ه‬in); to
entrust (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. with, to s.o s.th.) X = VIII; to ask for protection, for a
promise of security, for indemnity (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ اﻣﻦ‬amn safety; peace, security, protection|‫‘( اﻻﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎم‬āmm) public safety;
‫ رﺟﺎل اﻻﻣﻦ‬the police
‫ اﻣـﺎن‬amān security, safety; peace; shelter, protection; clemency, quarter
(mil.); safeguarding, assurance of protection; indemnity, immunity from
punishment|‫ﷲ‬ ‫( ﰲ اﻣﺎن‬a valedictory phrase) in God's protection!
‫ اﻣـﲔ‬amīn pl. ‫ اﻣﻨـﺎء‬umanā’2 reliable, trustworthy, loyal, faithful, upright,
Confidential
honest; safe, secure; authorized representative or agent; trustee; guarantor
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of); chief, head; superintendent, curator, custodian, guardian, keeper;
chamberlain; master of a guild (Tun.); (mil.) approx.: quartermaster-
sergeant (Eg. 1939)| ‫اﻻول‬ ‫( اﻻﻣﲔ‬awwal) Lord Chamberlain (formerly, at the
Eg. Court); ‫ﻛﺒـﲑ اﻻﻣﻨـﺎء‬ ‫اﻣـﲔ‬

approx.: Chief Master of Ceremonies (ibid.);
‫ اﳌﺨـﺰن‬a. al-maḳzan warehouse superintendent; stock clerk; ‫ اﻣـﲔ ﺳـﺮ اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬a.
sirr ad-daula and ‫ اﻣـﲔ اﻟﺴـﺮ‬a. as-sirr permanent secretary of state (Sy,.); ‫اﻣـﲔ‬
‫ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق‬a. aṣ-ṣundūq and ‫ اﻣﲔ اﳌﺎل‬treasurer; cashier; ‫ اﻣـﲔ اﻟﻌﺎﺻـﻤﺔ‬mayor (esp.
Ir.); ‫ﻋـﺎم‬ ‫اﻣـﲔ‬ (‘āmm) secretary general; ‫اﳌﻜﺘـﺐ‬ ‫ اﻣـﲔ‬a. al-maktab (formerly) a
subaltern rank in the Eg. navy (1939)
‫ آﻣﲔ‬āmīn amen!
‫ اﻣﺎﻧــﺔ‬amāna reliability, trustworthiness; loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity,
fealty; integrity, honesty; confidence, trust, good faith; deposition in trust;
trusteeship; (pl. -āt) s.th. deposited in trust, a deposit, trust, charge;
secretariat|‫اﻟﺼـﻨﺪوق‬‫ اﻣﺎﻧـﺔ‬a. aṣ-ṣundūq treasury department; ‫‘( اﻣﺎﻧـﺔ ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ‬āmma)
secretariat general; ‫ ﳏﺰن اﻻﻣﺎ ت‬maḳzan al-a. baggage checkroom
‫ ﻣﺄﻣﻦ‬ma’man place of safety, safe place
63
‫ﻣـﲔ‬ ta’mīn securing, protection; assurance; safeguarding; reassurance;

ensuring; guaranty, warranty; security, surety; insurance| ‫ﻣــﲔ اﺟﺘﻤــﺎﻋﻲ‬
(ijtimā’ī) social security; ‫( ﻣﲔ ﺿﺪ اﳊﺮﻳﻖ‬ḍidda) fire insurance; ‫ﻣﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳊﻴﺎة‬
(ḥayāh) life insurance
‫ اﳝﺎن‬iman faith, belief (‫ ب‬in)
‫ اﺋﺘﻤﺎن‬I’timān trust, confidence; credit
‫ اﺳﺘﺌﻤﺎن‬isti’mān trust, confidence
‫ آﻣﻦ‬āmin peaceful
‫ ﻣﺄﻣﻮن‬ma’mūn reliable, trustworthy
‫ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬mu’amman ‘alaihi insured
‫ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ‬mu’min believing, faithful; believer
‫ ﻣﺆﲤﻦ‬mu’taman entrusted (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with); confidant; sequestrator (jur.)
‫ اﻣﻨﻴﺒﻮس‬omnibus omnibus, bus
1‫ اﻣﻮى‬amawī of or like a bondmaid or handmaid
2‫ اﻣﻮي‬umawī Ommiad (adj.)
Confidential
‫ ﺑﻨﻮ اﻣﻴﺔ‬banū umayya the Ommiads
‫ اﻣﻴﺒﺎ‬amībā amoebae
‫ اﻣﲑال‬amīrāl admiral
‫ اﻣﲑﻛﻪ‬,‫ اﻣﲑﻛﺎ‬amērikā, amērika America
‫ اﻣﲑاﻟﻴﺔ‬amīrālīya admiralty
1‫ ان‬an (conj.) that; -- in 1. (conj.) if;‫ وان‬wa-in although, even though,
even if; ‫ وان – ان‬be it -- or (be it); ‫ اﻻ‬illā (= ‫ )ان ﻻ‬look up alphabetically 2.
(particle) not, esp. in the phrase ‫ ان ﻫـﻮ اﻻ‬in huwa illā (f. ‫ )ان ﻫـﻲ اﻻ‬it is
nothing but, it is no more than
2‫ ان‬anna (conj.) that; ‫اﻧﻪ‬ ‫ ﲟﺎ‬bi-mā annahū since he (it), because he (it); ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻧـﻪ‬ ‘alā annahū while he (it), whereas he (it); introducing a main clause:
however, yet; ‫ وذﻟـﻚ اﻧـﻪ‬that is to say, namely, to wit; -- innā (intensifying
particle introducing a nominal clause) verily, truly (in most cases not
translated in English)
‫ اﳕﺎ‬innamā but, but then; yet, however; rather, on the contrary
3‫ ان‬anna i (‫ اﻧﲔ‬anīn, ‫ن‬ ta’nān) to groan, moan (‫ ﻣﻦ‬at)
64
‫ اﻧﺔ‬anna pl. -āt moan, groan| ‫ ا ت وآﻫﺎت‬wails and laments

‫ اﻧﲔ‬anīn plaintive sound, wail; groan, moan(ing)
‫ ا‬ana I
‫ ا ﱐ‬anānī egotistic; egoistic(al), selfish
‫ ا ﻧﻴﺔ‬anānīya egoism, selfishness
‫ اﻻ ﺿﻞ‬al-anāḍul Anatolia
‫ ا س‬anānas pineapple
‫ اﻧﺐ‬II to blame, censure, reprehend, upbraid (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻴﺐ‬ta’nīb blame, censure, rebuke
‫( اﻧﺒـﺎ‬pronounced ambā) Abba, a high ecclesiastic title of the Coptic
Church, preceding the names of metropolitans, bishops, patriarchs, and
saints (< Άββα)
‫ اﻧﺒﺎر‬anbār pl. ‫ ا ﺑﺮ‬anābir2, ‫ ا ﺑﲑ‬anābīr2 warehouse, storehouse, storeroom
‫( اﻧﺒﺎﺷـﻲ‬Turk. onbaşı) onbašī a mil. rank: corporal (formerly, Eg.); ‫وﻛﻴـﻞ‬
‫ اﻧﺒﺎﺷﻲ‬approx.: private first class (Eg.)
Confidential
‫ اﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬,‫ اﻧﺒﻮب‬see ‫ﻧﺐ‬
‫ اﻧﺒﻴﻖ‬inbīq alembic
‫ اﻧـﺖ‬an-ta, f. anti thou, you (2nd pers. sing.); pl. m. ‫ اﻧـﺘﻢ‬antum, f. ‫اﻧـﱳ‬
antunna you (2nd pers. pl. and polite form of address); dual ‫ اﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬antumā both
of you
‫ اﻧﺘﺬا‬anta-dā it’s you!
‫ اﻧﺘﻴﻜﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬antīkḳāna museum
‫ اﻧﺘﻴﻜﺔ‬antīka pl. -āt (eg.) old, old-fashioned, outmoded
‫ اﻧﺘﻤﻮن‬antimūn antimony
‫ اﻧـﺚ‬anuta u (‫ اﻧﻮﺛـﺔ‬unūta) to be or become feminine, womanly, womanish,
effeminate II to make feminine; to effeminate, make effeminate; to put into
the feminine form (gram.) V to become feminine (also gram.)
‫ اﻧﺜـﻰ‬untā pl. ‫ ا ث‬ināt, ‫ ا ﺛـﻰ‬anātā feminine; female; a female (of animals);
‫ اﻻﻧﺜﻴﺎن‬al-untayān the testicles
‫ اﻧﺜـﻮى‬untawī womanly, female, women's (in compounds); effeminate,
womanish
‫ اﻧﻮﺛﺔ‬unūta femininity, womanliness
65
‫ ﻧﻴﺚ‬ta’nīt the feminine, feminine form (gram.)

‫ ﻣﺆﻧﺚ‬mu’annat (gram.) feminine (adj.)
‫ اﻧﺜﺮوﺑﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬antrōbōlōjiyā anthropology
‫ اﳒﺎص‬injās (syr.) pear
‫( اﳒﻠﱰا‬It. Inghilterra) ingilterā England
‫ اﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰ‬al-ingəlīz the English
‫ اﳒﻠﻴﺰى‬ingəlīzī English; Englishman
‫ اﳒﻴﻞ‬injil pl. ‫ ا ﺟﻴﻞ‬anajīl2 gospel
‫ اﳒﻴﻠﻰ‬injīlī evangelical; evangelist
‫ اﳒﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬injīlīya evangelical creed
‫ اﻻﻧﺪﻟﺲ‬al-andalus Spain
‫ اﻧﺪوﻧﻴﺴﻴﺎ‬indūnīsiyā Indonesia
‫ اﻧـﺲ‬anisa a and anusa u (uns) to be companionable, sociable, nice,
friendly, genial;‫ اﻧـﺲ ﺑـﻪ‬to like s.o.’s company, like to be together with s.o.;
to be or get on intimate terms (‫ ب‬or ‫ اﱃ‬with s.o.); to be used, accustomed,
Confidential
habituated (‫ اﱃ‬to); to perceive, notice, find (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a quality, ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬,‫ ﰲ‬in s.o.); to
sense, feel, make out, recognize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﰲ‬in, at)| ‫(اﻧـﺲ ﳊﺪﻳﺜـﻪ‬li-ḥadītihī) to
like to listen to s.o. II to put at ease; to tame III to be friendly, nice (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to entertain, amuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to keep s.o. (‫ )ه‬company; to entertain,
delight, amuse (‫ ه‬s.o.); to perceive, discern, make out (with the eyes; ‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to sense (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to find, see, notice, observe, e.g., ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ آﻧـﺲ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬he
saw that be was duly qualified, that he was a capable man V to become
incarnate (Son of God) X to be sociable, companionable; to get on familiar
terms, become intimate; to become tame; to be friendly, nice, kind (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to accommodate o.s., accustom o.s., settle down; to be familiar,
familiarize o.s., acquaint o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫اﱃ‬ with); to inform o.s., gather
information (‫ ب‬ahout); to take into consideration, take into account, bring

into play (‫ ب‬s.th.), draw upon s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to listen (‫ ل‬to s.th.), heed (‫ ب‬an
opinion)
‫ اﻧﺲ‬uns sociability; intimacy, familiarity, friendly atmosphere
‫ اﻧﺴﻰ‬unsī: ‫( ﻛﻌﺐ اﻧﺴﻰ‬ka‘b) talus, inner anklebone (anat.)
66
‫ اﻧﺲ‬ins (coll.) man, mankind, human race

‫ اﻧﺴﻲ‬insī human; human being
‫ س‬nās (coll.) and ‫ ا س‬unās people
‫ ﺳﻮت‬nāsūt mankind, humanity
‫ ا ﺳﻰ‬anāsīy (pl.) people, human beings, humans
‫ اﻧﻴﺲ‬anīs close, intimate; close friend; friendly, kind, affable, civil, polite,
courteous
‫ اﻧﺴﺎن‬insan man, human being| ‫ اﻧﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﲔ‬i. al-‘ain pupil (of the eye)
‫ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﺔ‬insāna woman
‫ اﻧﺴﺎﱏ‬insānī human; humane; humanitarian, philanthropist
‫ اﻧﺴـﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬insānīya humanity, humaneness; politeness, civility; mankind, the
human race
‫ ﻣﺆاﻧﺴـﺔ‬mu’ānasa intimacy, familiarity, friendliness, geniality, cordiality;
sociability; conviviality
‫ اﻳﻨــﺎس‬īnās exhilaration; friendliness, geniality; familiarity, intimacy,
cordiality; sociability
Confidential
‫ ﻧﺲ‬ta’annus incarnation (Chr.)
‫ اﺋﺘﻨﺎس‬I’tinās social life, sociability
‫ آﻧﺴﺔ‬ānisa pl. -āt, ‫ اواﻧﺲ‬awānis2 young lady, miss
‫ ﻣﺄﻧﻮس‬ma’nūs familiar, accustomed
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻧﺲ‬musta’nis tame
‫( اﻧﺶ‬Engl.) inš inch
‫( اﻧﺸﻮﺟﺔ‬It. acciuga) anšūga (eg.) anchovy
‫ اﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴــﺔ‬anṯākiya2 Antioch (ancient city in Syria; now Antakya, in S
Turkey)
‫ اﻧﻄﻮﻟﻮﺟﻰ‬onṯōlōjī ontologic(al) (philos.)
‫ اﻧـﻒ‬anifa a (anaf) to disdain, scorn (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to reject
haughtily (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) X to resume, renew, recommence (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); (jur.) to appeal
(‫ ﻫـ‬a sentence)
‫ اﻧﻒ‬anf pl. ‫ آ ف‬ānāf, ‫ اﻧـﻮف‬unūf nose; spur (of a mountain); pride| ‫رﻏـﻢ اﻧﻔـﻪ‬
ragma anfihi in defiance of him, to spite him; ‫اﻧﻔـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻛﺴﺮ‬anfahū) to humiliate
s.o., to put s.o.'s nose out of joint; ‫اﻻﻧﻒ‬ ‫ ﺷﺎﻣﺢ‬stuck-up, haughty, proud
67
‫ اﻧﻔﻰ‬anfī nasal
‫ اﻧﻔﺔ‬anafa pride; rejection; disdain (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of s.th.)
‫ اﻧﻮف‬anūf proud, haughty, stuck-up, supercilious, disdainful
‫ اﺳــﺘﺌﻨﺎف‬isti’nāf fresh start, recommencement, renewal, resumption,
reopening (also, of a legal case); appeal (jur.)| ‫ﻗـﺪم اﺳـﺘﺌﻨﺎﻓﺎ‬ (qaddama) to
appeal, make an appeal (jur.)
‫ اﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﰱ‬isti’nāfī of appeal, appellate; ‫ اﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻓﻴﺎ‬isti’nāfīyan by appeal
‫ آﻧـﻒ‬ānif preceding, above| ‫( آﻧـﻒ اﻟـﺬﻛﺮ‬dikr) preceding, above, above-
mentioned; ‫ آﻧﻔﺎ‬ānifan previously, above, in the foregoing
‫ ﻣﺆﺗﻨﻒ‬mu’tanaf primordial, virginal state; beginning
‫( اﻧﻔﺮس‬Fr. Anvers) anvers Antwerp (city in N Belgium)
‫ اﻧﻔﻠﻮﻧﺰا‬influwanzā influenza, grippe
‫ اﻧﻖ‬aniqa a to be neat, trim, smart, spruce, comely, pretty; to be happy (‫ب‬
about), be delighted (‫ ب‬by) IV to please (‫ ه‬s.o.)|‫اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ ‫( ﻳﺆﻧﻘـﻪ‬šai’u) he likes
Confidential
the thing V to apply o.s. eagerly and meticulously (‫ ﰱ‬to); to be meticulous,
fastidious, finical; to be chic, elegant
‫ ا ﻗﺔ‬anāqa elegance
‫ اﻧﻴﻖ‬anīq neat, trim, spruce, comely, pretty; elegant, chic
‫ اﻧـﻮق‬anūq Egyptian vulture (Neophron perenopterus)| ‫اﻋـﺰ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﻴﺾ اﻻﻧـﻮق‬
a‘azz2 min baiḍi l-a. (lit.: rarer than the eggs of a vulture, i.e.) approx.:
scarcer than hens’ teeth (proverbially for s.th. rare)
‫ ﻧﻖ‬ta’annuq elegance
‫ ﻣﺆﻧﻖ‬mu’anniq, ‫ ﻣﻮﻧﻖ‬mūniq pretty, comely, winsome, nice, pleasing
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﻧﻖ‬muta’anniq chic, elegant
‫ اﻧﻘﺮﻩ‬anqara Ankara
‫ اﻧﻘﻠﻴﺲ‬anqalīs eel
‫ آﻧﻚ‬ānuk lead (metal)
‫ اﻧﻜﺸﺎرى‬inkišārī pl. -īya Janizary
‫ اﻧﻜﻠﱰة‬,‫( اﻧﻜﻠﱰا‬It. Inghilterra) ingilterā, ingiltera England
‫ اﻧﻜﻠﻮﺳﻜﺴﻮن‬al-anglosaksūn the Anglo-Saxons
‫ اﻧﻜﻠﻮﺳﻜﺴﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬al-anglosaksūnīya Anglo-Saxondom
68
‫ اﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰ‬al-inglīz the Engliah

‫ اﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰى‬inglīzī English; Englishman
‫ اﻧﻜﻠﻴﺲ‬ankalīs eel
‫ اﻻ م‬al-anām and ‫( اﻵ م‬coll.) mankind, the human race
‫ اﳕﻮذج‬unmūdaj model, pattern; type, example; sample, specimen
‫ اﳕﻮن‬anamūn anemone (bot.)
1‫ اﱏ‬anā i to mature, become ripe; to draw near, approach, come (esp.
time)| ‫ان‬ ‫ اﱏ ﻟـﻪ‬it is (high) time that he; esp. in negative statements: ‫ اﱂ ن‬a-
lam ya'ni? isn't it about time ...? V to act slowly, proceed unhurriedly, bide
one's time, be patient X to take one's time, hesitate (‫ ﰱ‬in, with); to wait
‫ اﱏ‬anan pl. ‫ آ ء‬ānā’ (span of) time, period| ‫(ﰱ آ ء اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬laili) all night long;
‫ آ ء اﻟﻠﻴﻞ واﻃﺮاف اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬ānā’a l-laili wa-aṯrāfa n-nahār by day and by night
‫ ا ة‬anāh deliberateness; perseverance, patience| ‫ ﻃـﻮل اﻻ ة‬ṯūl al-a. long-
suffering, great patience; ‫ة‬ ‫ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻻ‬long-suffering (adj.)
Confidential
‫ ا ء‬inā’ pl. ‫ آﻧﻴـﺔ‬āniya, ‫اوان‬awānin2 vessel, container, receptacle| ‫آﻧﻴـﺔ اﻟﻄﻌـﺎم‬
a.. aṯ-ṯa‘ām table utensils, dishes; mess kit
‫ ن‬ta’annin slowness, deliberateness
‫ ﻣﺘﺄن‬muta’annin slow, unhurried, deliberate
2 ‫ اﱏ‬annā (interrog. part.) where ... from? why is it that ... ? why? Where?
(place and direction); how? wherever; however| ‫ واﱏ ﻟـﻪ اﻻ‬... (allā) and why
shouldn't he ... ?
‫ اﻧﻴﺴﻮن‬anīsūn, ‫ آﻧﻴﺴﻮن‬aniseed
‫ اﻧﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬anīmiyā anemia|○ ‫ اﻧﻴﻤﻴﺎ ﺧﺒﻴﺜﺔ‬pernicious anemia (med.)
‫ آﻩ‬āhi! ‫ آﻫﺎ‬āhan! (interj.) oh!
‫ اﻫﺐ‬II to prepare, make ready, equip (‫ ه‬,‫ ل ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. for) V to be ready,
be prepared; to prepare o.s., get ready; to equip s.o., be equipped (‫ ل‬for)
‫ اﻫﺒـﺔ‬uhba pl. ‫ اﻫـﺐ‬uhab preparation, preparedness, readiness, alertness;

equipment, outfit, gear| ‫ اﻫﺒـﺔ اﳊـﺮب‬u. al-ḥarb military equipment; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻫﺒـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺮﺣﻴـﻞ‬ready to set out; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻫﺒـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﻌﺪاد‬fully prepared; on the alert (mil.);
‫ أﺧﺬ اﻫﺒﺘﻪ‬to make one's preparations, get ready
69
‫ اﻫﺎب‬ihāb skin, hide

‫ ﻫﺐ‬ta’ahhub preparedness, readiness; (pl. -āt) preparation
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﻫﺐ‬muta’ahhib ready, prepared
‫ اﻫـﻞ‬ahala u (‫ اﻫـﻮل‬uhūl) to take a wife, get married; -- ahila a to be on
familiar terms (‫ ب‬with); -- pas. uhila to be inhabited, be populated (region,
place) II to make fit or suited, to fit, qualify (‫ه‬ ,‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. for); to make
possible (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬for s.o. s.th.), enable (‫ ﻫـ ل‬s.o. to do s.th.), make accessible ( ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to welcome (‫ ب‬s.o.) V to be or become fit, suited, qualified
(‫ ل‬for s.th.); to take a wife; to marry, get married X to deserve merit (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), be worthy (‫ ﻫـ‬of)
‫ اﻫـﻞ‬ahl pl. –ūn, ‫ اﻫـﺎل‬ahālin relatives, folks, family; kin, kinfolk; wife;
(with foll. genit.) people, members, followers, adherents, possessors, etc.;
inhabitants; deserving, worthy (‫ ل‬of s.th.); fit, suited, qualified (‫ ل‬for); pl.
‫ اﻷﻫﺎﱃ‬,‫ اﻷﻫﻠﻮن‬the natives, the native population| ‫ اﻫﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺖ‬a. al-bait members
Confidential
(of the house, i.e.) of the family; the Prophet's family; ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﻟـﺪار‬the people
living in the house; ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﳊﺮﻓـﺔ‬a. al-ḥirfa people of the trade; ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﳊﻠـﻒ‬a. al-
ḥilf people pledged by oath, members of a sworn confederacy; ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﳋـﱪة‬a.

al-ḳibra people of experience, experts; ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﻟﺴﻔﺴـﻄﺔ‬a. al-safsata Sophists;
‫ اﻫﻞ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬a. as-sunna the adherents of the Sunna, the Sunnis; ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﳌـﺪر واﻟـﻮﺑﺮ‬a.
al-madar wa-l-wabar the resident population and the nomads; ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﻟﻮﺟﺎﻫـﺔ‬a.
al-wajāha people of rank and high social standing;‫ اﻫـﻼ وﺳـﻬﻼ‬ahlan wa-
sahlan welcome! ‫ اﻫـﻼ ﺑـﻚ‬ahlan bika welcome to youl ‫ ﻟـﻪ ﰲ دار اﻫـﻞ‬he is a
welcome guest in our house
‫ اﻫﻠـﻲ‬ahlī domestic, family (adj.); native, resident; indigenous; home,
national| ‫ﺑﻨـﻚ اﻫﻠـﻲ‬ ‫( ﺣـﺮب اﻫﻠﻴـﺔ‬ḥarb) civil war; ‫ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ‬
national bank (Eg.);
‫( اﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬maḥkama) indigenous court (Eg.); ‫( اﻟﻘﻀﺎء اﻷﻫﻠـﻲ‬qaḍā’) jurisdiction of
indigenous courts; ‫اﻹﻧﺘــﺎج اﻷﻫﻠــﻲ‬ (intāj) domestic production; ‫وﻗــﻒ اﻫﻠــﻲ‬
(waqf) family wakf
70
‫ اﻫﻠﻴـﺔ‬ahlīya aptitude, fitness, suitableness, competence; qualification |

‫اﻷﻫﻠﻴــﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴــﺔ‬ the civil rights; ‫ﻛﺎﻣــﻞ اﻷﻫﻠﻴــﺔ‬ legally competent; ‫ﻋــﺪﱘ اﻷﻫﻠﻴــﺔ‬
legally incompetent, under tutelage
‫ آﻫﻞ‬ahil and ‫ ﻣﺄﻫﻮل‬ma’hūl inhabited, populated (region, place)
‫ ﻣﺆﻫﻼت‬mu’ahhilāt qualifications, abilities, aptitudes
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﻫﻞ‬muta’ahhil married
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺄﻫﻞ‬musta’hil worthy, deserving, meriting; entitled
‫ اﻫﻠـﻴﻠﺞ‬ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic (fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.);
ellipse (geom.)
‫ اﻫﻠﻴﻠﺠﻲ‬ihlīlajī elliptic(al)
‫ او‬au or; (with foll. subj.) unless except that
1(‫آب‬ (‫اوب‬ āba u (aub, ‫اوﺑـﺔ‬ auba, ‫اب‬ iyab) to return; ‫ب آب‬ to catch,
contract, suffer, incur s.th., be in for s.th., be left with, get one’s share of
‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ اوب‬min kulli aubin from all sides or directions; ‫ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ اوب وﺻـﻮب‬
(ṣaubin) do.
‫ اوﺑﺔ‬auba return
Confidential
‫ ا ب‬iyāb return |
forth, up and down
‫ ذﻫـﺎ وا‬dahāban wa-iyaban there and back; back and
‫ ﻣـﺂب‬ma’āb place to which one returns; (used as verbal noun:) return |

‫ ذﻫﻮب وﻣﺂب‬coming and going
2‫ آب‬look up alphabetically
‫ اوﺑﺮا‬and ‫( اوﺑﺮا‬It. opera) ōpərā opera; opera house

‫( اوﺑﺮﻳﺖ‬Fr.) ōpərēt operetta
‫( اوت‬Fr. août) August (month; mağr.)
‫( اوﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ‬Fr. autobus) otobīs autobus, bus
‫( اوﲡﺮاف‬Fr.) otogrāf pl. -āt autograph
‫ اوﺗﻮﻗﺮاﻃﻲ‬oṯūqrāṯī autocratic
‫( اوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬Fr.) otomātīkī automatic
‫( اوﺗﻮﻣﻮﺑﻴﻞ‬Fr.) otombīl automobile
‫( اوﺗﻴﻞ‬Fr.) ōtēl pl. -āt hotel
‫ اوج‬auj highest point, acme, pinnacle; culmination, climax; apogee
(astron.); peak (fig.; of power. of fame)
71
‫ آح‬āḥ albumen, eggwhite

O ‫ آﺣﲔ‬āḥīn albumin
(‫آد‬ (‫اود‬ āda u (aud) to bend, flex, curve, crook (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to burden,
oppress, weigh down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.); -- ‫ اود‬awida a (awad) to bend; to be bent V to
bend; to bow
‫ اودة‬auda burden, load
‫ اود‬awad: ‫ ﻗـﺎم ودﻩ‬to provide for s.o.’s needs, stand by s.o. in time of
need; ‫( أﻗـﺎم اودﻩ‬awadahū) do.; to support s.o., furnish s.o. with the means of
subsistence
‫ اوار‬uwār heat, blaze; thirst
‫ اور‬urubbā Europe
‫ اورﰊ‬urubbī Europesn
‫ اورﺷﻠﻴﻢ‬ūrušalīm2 Jerusalem
‫ )اورﻃﺔ )= ارﻃﺔ‬urṯa pl. ‫ ارط‬uraṯ battalion (formerly, Eg.; mil.)
‫ اورﻏﻮي‬uruguwāy Uruguay
Confidential
‫( اورﻛﺴﱰا‬It.) arkestrā orchestra
‫( اورﻧﻴـﻚ‬Turk. örnek) urnīk pl. ‫ اراﻧﻴـﻚ‬arānīk2 sample, specimen; model,
pattern; form, blank
‫ اورو‬urubbā, ‫ اوروﭙا‬Europe
‫ اوروﰊ‬urubbī Europesn
‫ اوروﺟﻮاي‬uruguwāy Uruguay
‫ اوز‬II (eg.) to ridicule (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.), make fun of s.o. (‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ اوز‬iwazz (col1.; n. un.) goose, geese
‫ آس‬ās myrtle; see also alphabetically
‫ اوﺳﱰاﻟﻴﺎ‬usturāliyā Australia
‫( اوﺳﱰ‬It.) austriyā Austria
‫ اوﺳﻠﻮ‬Oslo
‫ اوﺳﻄﻰ‬ūsṯā see ‫اﺳﻄﻰ‬
‫ اوﺷﻴﺔ‬ūšīya pl. ‫ اواش‬awāšin prayer, oration (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ آﻓﺔ‬āfa pl. -āt harm, hurt, damage, ruin, bane, evil; epidemic, plague; plant
epidemic
72
‫ ﻣﺆوف‬ma’ūf stricken by an epidemic

‫( اوﻓﺮول‬Engl.) ovirōl overalls
l(‫آق‬ (‫ اوق‬āqa u to bring s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬bad luck, cause discomfort or hardship
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to) II to burden (‫ ه‬s.o.) with s.th. unpleasant, troublesome or difficult
2‫ اوﻗﺔ‬see ‫اﻗﺔ‬
3‫ اوﻳﻘﺎت‬uwaiqāt (dimin. of ‫ )اوﻗﺎت‬short times; good times
‫ اوﻳﻘﻴﺎﻧﻮس‬,‫اوﻳﻘﻴﺎﻧﺲ‬ oqiyānus, oqiyānūs ocean

‫ اوﻗﻴـﺔ‬ūqīya pl. -āt ounce, a weight of varying magnitude (Eg.: 37.44 g;
Aleppo 320 g; Jerusalem 240 g; Beirut 213.3 g)
‫( اوﻛﺎزﻳﻮن‬Fr. occasion) okazyōn clearing sale, special sale
‫ اوﻛﺮاﻧﻴﺎ‬ukrānīya Ukraine
‫( اوﻛﺴﺠﲔ‬Fr. oxygène) oksižēn oxygen
(‫آل‬ (‫ اول‬āla ‫ ﻣـﺂل‬ma’āl) to return, revert (‫ اﱃ‬to); to go back, be
u (aul,
attributed, be attributable (‫ اﱃ‬to), spring, derive (‫ اﱃ‬from); to lead, conduce,
Confidential
tend (‫ اﱃ‬to), result eventually (‫ اﱃ‬in); to come or go eventually (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.),
pass into the hands of (‫اﱃ‬
... ;
‫ اﱃ( | آل اﻷﻣـﺮ‬the long and the short of it was that
‫( آل ﺑـﻪ اﳌﻄـﺎف اﱃ‬maṯāfu) he eventually got to
interpret, explain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
the point where ... II to
‫ آل‬āl family, relatives, kinsfolk, clan; companions, partisans, people;

mirage, fatamorgana
‫ آﻟـﺔ‬āla pl. -āt instrument, utensil; tool; apparatus; device, implement,
appliance; machine| ‫اﳊﺲ‬ ‫ آﻻت‬ā. al-ḥiss sensory organs; ‫( آﻟﺔ ﲞﺎرﻳﺔ‬buḳārīya)
steam engine; ‫آﻟـﺔ اﳉـﺮ‬ ā. al-jarr tractor; ‫آﻟـﺔ ﺟﻬﻨﻤﻴـﺔ‬ (jahannamīya) infernal
machine; ‫آﻟـﺔ ﺣﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬ (ḥarbīya) instrument of war; ‫آﻟـﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳـﻚ‬ motor, engine;
‫ آﻟـﺔ ﺣﺎﺳـﺒﺔ‬calculating machine; ‫ آﻟـﺔ اﳊﻴﺎﻛـﺔ‬a. al-ḥiyāka power loom; ‫آﻟـﺔ اﳋﻴﺎﻃـﺔ‬
sewing machine; ‫ آﻟـﺔ رادﻳـﻮ‬radio; ‫ آﻟـﺔ راﻓﻌـﺔ‬hoisting machine, crane, derrick;
pump; ‫ آﻟ ــﺔ اﻟﺘﺴ ــﺨﲔ‬and ‫( آﻟ ــﺔ ﻣﺴ ــﺨﻨﺔ‬musaḳḳina) heater; ‫آﻟ ــﺔ اﻟﺘﺼ ــﻮﻳﺮ‬
(photographic) camera; ‫ آﻟـﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋـﺔ‬printing press; ‫ آﻟـﺔ اﻟﻐﺴـﻞ‬a. al-gasl washing
machine; ‫ آﻟـﺔ اﻟﺘﻔـﺮﻳﺦ‬incubator; ‫ آﻟـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬receiver, receiving set (radio); ‫آﻟـﺔ‬
73
‫( ﻣﻘﻄـﺮة‬muqaṯṯira) distilling apparatus, still; ‫ آﻟـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬and ‫ آﻟـﺔ ﻛﺎﺗﺒـﺔ‬typewriter;

‫ آﻟـﺔ ﻟﻌـﺐ اﻟﻘﻤـﺎر‬a. la‘b al-qimār slot machine; ‫( آﻟـﺔ ﻣﻮﺳـﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬mūsīqīya) musical
instrument; ‫ آﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴـﻪ‬alarm; siren horn (of an automobile); ‫( آﻟـﺔ ﺻـﻤﺎء‬ṣammā’)
(fig.) tool, creature, puppet
‫ آﱃ‬ālī mechanic(al); mechanized; motorized; instrumental; organic| ‫ﳏﺮاث‬
‫آﱄ‬ (miḥrat) motor plow; ‫اﻟﻘـﻮات اﻵﻟﻴــﺔ‬ (quwāt) motorized troops; ‫ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ آﻟﻴــﺔ‬
(ḥaraka) a mechanical movement
‫ آﻟﻴﺔ‬ālīya mechanics
‫ آﻻﺗﻰ‬ālātī pl. ‫ آﻻﺗﻴﺔ‬ālātīya (eg.) musician; singer
‫ اول‬awwal2, f. ‫ اوﱃ‬ūlā, pl. m. -ūn, ‫ اواﺋـﻞ‬awā’il2 first; foremost, most
important, principal, chief, main; first part, beginning; (with def. article
also) earlier, previous, former; see a1so under ‫( وﱃ| اﻻﻧﺴـﺎن اﻻول‬insān)
primitive man; ‫ﻃﺒﻴــﺐ اول‬ physician-in-chief; ‫ اﻻوﻟـﻮن‬,‫ اﻻواﺋــﻞ‬the forebears,
‫ اواﺋـﻞ اﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‬a. aš-šahr the first ten days of a month,
forefathers, ancestors;
beginning of a month; ‫ ﻻول ﻣـﺮة‬li-awwali marratin or ‫ ﻟﻠﻤـﺮة اﻻوﱃ‬for the first
Confidential
time; ‫اواﺋﻠـﻪ‬
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬,‫ ﻣـﻦ اوﻟـﻪ‬since its beginnings, from the very beginning; ‫ﻣـﻦ اوﻟـﻪ‬
‫( اﱃ آﺧـﺮﻩ‬āḳirihī) from beginning to end, from A to Z; ‫ اول اﻻﻣـﺮ‬awwala l-amr
at first, in the beginning; ‫ اﻻول ﻓـﺎﻻول‬each time the first available; ‫اول ﻣـﺎ‬
(awwala) the moment when, just when; at the very outset of; ‫اﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻻول‬
(aḳtara) more than before
‫ اوﻻ‬awwalan first, firstly, in the first place; at first, in the beginning| ‫اوﻻ‬
‫ ول‬and ‫ اوﻻ ﻓـﺄوﻻ‬by and by, gradually, one after the other, one by one; ‫اوﻻ‬
‫ واﺧـﲑا‬and ‫( اوﻻ وآﺧـﺮا‬āḳiran) first and I~st, altogether; simply and solely,
merely
‫ اوﱃ‬awwalī prime, primary, primordial, original, initial, first; elemental,
fundamental, basic, principal, chief, main; elementary; primitive, pristine,
primeval| ‫ﻣﺪرﺳـﺔ اوﻟﻴـﺔ‬ (madrasa) elementary school, grade school; ‫ﻣـﻮاد اوﻟﻴـﺔ‬
(mawādd) raw materials; ‫‘( ﻋـﺪد اوﱃ‬adad) prime number; ‫( ﻓـﺎﺗﻮرة اوﻟﻴـﺔ‬fātūra)
pro forma invoice
‫ اوﻟﻴـﺔ‬awwalīya pl. -āt fundamental truth, axiom; primary constituent,
essential component, element; precedence; priority
74
‫ اﻳﻞ‬ayyil, iyyal, uyyal pl. ‫ ا ﺋﻞ‬ayā’il2 stag

‫ ا ﻟﺔ‬iyāla pl. -āt province; regency
‫ اﻳﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬ailūla title deed (jur.)
‫ ﻣـﺂل‬ma’āl end; outcome, final issue, upshot; result, consequence| ‫ﰲ اﳊـﺎل‬
‫ وﰲ اﳌﺂل‬at present and in the future
‫ وﻳﻞ‬ta’wīl pl. -āt interpretation, explanation
‫ اوﻻء‬ulā’i, ‫ اوﻻﺋـﻚ‬,‫ اوﻟﺌـﻚ‬ulā’ika these; those, pl. of the demonstr. pron. ‫ذا‬
and ‫ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ اوﳌﱮ‬olimbī Olympic| ‫اﻻﻟﻌﺎب اﻻوﳌﺒﻴﺔ‬the Olympic games
‫ اوﳌﺒﻴﺎد‬olimbiyād Olympiad
‫ اوﻟـﻮ‬ulū (pl. of ‫ )ذو‬owners, possessors, people (with foll.genit.: of)| ‫اوﻟـﻮ‬
‫اﻻﻣـﺮ‬u. l-amr rulers, powerful leaders; ‫ اوﻟـﻮ اﳊـﻞ واﻟﻌﻘـﺪ‬u. l-ḥall wa-l-'aqd (lit.:
masters of solving and binding) do.; ‫ اوﻟـﻮ اﻟﺸـﺄن‬u. š-ša’n the responsible
people
Confidential
1‫ اوام‬uwām thirst
2‫ اوم‬ohm (el.)
‫ اوﻣﻨﻴﺒﻮس‬omnībūs omnibus, bus
1‫ آن‬ān time; ‫ اﻵن‬al-āna now| ‫ ﰱ آن‬and ‫ ﰱ آن واﺣـﺪ‬at the same time,
simultaneously; ‫( ﻣـﻦ آن اﱃ آﺧـﺮ‬āḳara) from time to time; ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﺑـﲔ آن وآﺧـﺮ‬wa-
āḳara) and ‫آن‬ ‫ آ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬sometimes, at times, now and then: once in a while; ‫آ‬
‫ ﻓـﺂ‬gradually, by and by, little by little; ‫ وآوﻧـﺔ‬-- ‫( آ‬āwinatan) sometimes --
sometimes, at times -- at times; ‫ ﻗﺒـﻞ اﻵن‬qabla l-āna before, previously,
formerly; ‫ ﻟﻶن‬li-l-āna and ‫ ﺣﱴ اﻵن‬ḥattā l-āna until now, hitherto, so far; ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ اﻵن‬ba‘da l-āna from now on, henceforth, in the future; ‫ ﻣـﻦ اﻵن ﻓﺼـﺎﻋﺪا‬min
al-āna fa-ṣā‘idan do.
‫ آﻧﺌﺬ‬āna’idin that day, at that time, then
‫ آﻧﺬاك‬ānadāka that day, at that time, then
‫ اون‬aun calmness, serenity, gentleness
75
‫ اوان‬awān pl. ‫ آوﻧﺔ‬āwina time| ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ اواﻧﻪ‬prematurely; ‫ ﰲ اواﻧـﻪ‬at the right time,
timely, seasonably, ‫ ﰲ ﻏﲑ اواﻧﻪ‬at the wrong time, untimely, unseasonably; ‫ﺑﲔ‬
‫اﻵوﻧـﺔ‬ from time to time; ‫( ﺑـﲔ اﻵوﻧـﺔ واﻻﺧـﺮى‬uḳrā) and ‫آوﻧـﺔ وأﺧـﺮى‬ (āwinatan,
uḳrā) at times, sometimes; ‫ آوﻧـﺔ – وأﺧـﺮى‬sometimes – sometimes, at times –
at times; ‫( ﻓـﺎت اﻻوان‬fāta) it is too late; ‫( آن اﻻوان‬āna) the time has come, it is
time (‫ ل‬for, to do s.th.)
2 ‫ اﻳﻮان‬look up alphabetically
‫ اوﻧﺒﺎﺷﻰ‬onbašī corporal, see ‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﻰ‬
(‫آﻩ‬ (‫اوﻩ‬ āha u and II to moan, sigh V to moan, sigh; to sigh with
admiration (‫ ل‬over), exclaim “ah!”
‫ اوﻩ‬awwah (interj.) oh!
‫ آﻩ‬āhi, ‫آﻫـ‬āhan, ‫ اواﻩ‬awwāhi oh!
‫ آﻫـﺔ‬āha pl. -āt sigh, moan; pl. ‫ آﻫـﺎت‬sighs of admiration; rapturous
Confidential
exclamations
‫ وﻩ‬ta’awwuh moaning. sighing; admiring exclamation; plaintive sound,
wail
‫ اوى‬awā i to seek refuge, seek shelter (‫ اﱃ‬at a place); to go (‫ اﱃ‬to bed); to
betake o.s., repair (‫ اﱃ‬to a place); to shelter, house, put up, lodge,
accommodate, receive as a guest (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) II to shelter, lodge, put up,
accommodate, receive as a guest (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to seek shelter (‫ اﱃ‬at a place), to

retire (‫ اﱃ‬to a place); to betake o.s., repair (‫ اﱃ‬to a place); to shelter, house,
put up, lodge, accommodate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ اﻳﻮاء‬īwā’ accommodation, lodging, housing, sheltering
‫ ﻣـﺄوى‬ma’wan pl. ‫ ﻣـﺂو‬ma’āwin place of refuge, retreat, shelter; abode;
resting place; dwelling, habitation| ‫ﻟﻴﻠـﻰ‬ ‫( ﻣﺄوى‬lailī) shelter for the night; doss
house
‫ اﺑﻦ آوى‬ibn āwā pl. ‫ ﺑﻨﺎت آوى‬banāt a. jackal
‫ آي‬āy, pl. -āt sign, token, mark; miracle; wonder, marvel,
1‫ آﻳـﺔ‬āya, coll.
prodigy; model, exemplar, paragon, masterpiece (‫ ﰱ‬of, e.g., of organization,
76
etc.); Koranic verse, ‫آي اﻟـﺬﻛﺮ اﳊﻜـﻴﻢ‬ (āy ad-dikr) the verses of the Koran;
passage (in a book), utterance, saying, word; ‫( آ ت‬with foll. genit.) moat
solemn assurances (of love, of gratitude)
2‫ اى‬ay that is (to say), i.e.; namely, to wit
3‫ اى‬ī yes (with foll. ‫ وﷲ‬yes indeed! Yes, by God!)
4‫ اى‬ayy, f. ‫ اﻳـﺔ‬ayya (with foll. genit. or suffix) which? what? what kind
of? Whoever, whosoever; any, every, no matter what ... ; (with neg.) no; ‫اﳝـﺎ‬
ayyumā whatever, whatsoever|‫ﻛـﺎن‬ ‫ ا‬,‫اﻳـﺔ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬ ayyan kāna, ayyatan kānat
whoever he (or she) is, no matter who he (or she) is; ‫ اي ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﺎن‬ayyu man
kāna whoever it may be, whosoever; ‫ﺣـﺎل‬ ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ اي‬ayyi ḥālin) in any case, at
any rate, at all events, by all means; ‫ اى واﺣـﺪ‬ayyu wāḥidin any one; ‫ان ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ ﺷﺄ اى ﺷﺄن‬inna lahū ša’nan ayya ša’nin it is of the greatest importance (lit.:
it is of importance, and of what importance!); ‫ اﻋﺠﺐ ﺑـﻪ اﳝـﺎ اﻋﺠـﺎب‬u‘jiba bihi
ayyama i‘jābin how much he admired him! he admired him greatly; ‫اﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
Confidential
‫ اﳝﺎ اﻗﺒﺎل‬aqbala ‘alaihi ayyama iqbālin he showed the greatest interest in it
‫ ا‬iyyā with nominal suffix to express the accusative|‫ ا ك ان‬take care not
to ..., be careful not to ...; ‫و‬ ‫ ا ك‬,‫ ا ك ﻣـﻦ‬beware of ... ! ‫( وا ك‬dial. wayyāk),
‫( وا ﻩ‬wayyāh) with you, with him
‫ ا ر‬see 2‫اﻳﺮ‬
‫ اﻳـﺪ‬II to back, support (‫ه‬, s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a claim, an aspiration, etc.); to confirm,
corroborate, endorse (‫ ﻫـ‬news, a. judgment, etc.) V = pass. of II
‫ ﻳﻴﺪ‬ta’yīd corroboration, confirmation, endorsement, backing, support
‫( اﻳﺪروﺟﲔ‬Fr. Hydrogène) idrožēn hydrogen
‫( ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ اﻳﺪروﺟﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬qunbula) hydrogen bomb
1‫ اﻳﺮ‬air pl. ‫ اﻳﻮر‬uyūr penis
2‫ر‬ ‫ ا‬ayyār2 May (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)

‫ اﻳﺮان‬īrān Iran, Persia
‫ اﻳﺮاﱏ‬īrānī Iranian, Persian; (pl. -ūn) a Persian, an Iranian
‫ اﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪا‬irlandā Ireland
77
‫ اﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪى‬irlandī Irish; (pl. -ūn) Irishman

‫( اﻳﺮ ل‬Engl.) ēriyāl aerial, antenna
‫ اﻳﺰﻳﺲ‬īzīs Isis
‫ اﻳﺲ‬ayisa a (‫ ا س‬iyās) to despair (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of s.th.)
‫ ا س‬iyās despair
‫( اﻳﺸﺮب‬Fr. écharp,) sash
(‫ اﻳﺾ( آض‬āḍa i to return, revert (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); to become (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.)
‫ اﻳﻀﺎ‬aiḍan also, too, as well, likewise, equally; again; in addition, besides,
moreover
‫ اﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬īṯālīyā Italy
‫ اﻳﻄﺎﱃ‬īṯālī Italian; (pl. -ūn) an Italian
‫( اﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ‬Gr. είκών) īqūna and ‫ اﻳﻘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬īqūnīya pl. -āt icon (Chr.)
‫ اﻳﻚ‬aik (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬thicket, jungle
1 ‫ اﻳﻞ‬and ‫ ا ﻟﺔ‬see ‫اول‬
2 ‫ اﻳﻠﻮل‬ailūl2 September (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
Confidential
3 ‫ اﻳﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬ailūla title deed (jur.)
(‫آم‬
widower,
(‫ اﱘ‬āma i: ‫( آم ﻣـﻦ زوﺟﺘـﻪ‬zaujatihī) to lose one's wife, become or be a
‫آﻣـﺖ ﻣـﻦ زوﺟﻬـﺎ‬ (zaujiha) to lose one’s husband, become or be a
widow
‫ اﳝﺔ‬aima, ‫ اﻳﻮم‬uyūm and ‫ ﱘ‬ta’ayyum widowhood
‫ اﱘ‬ayyim pl. ‫ ا ﺋﻢ‬ayā’im2, ‫ ا ﻣﻰ‬ayāmā widower, widow
‫ اﻳﻮم‬aiwam2 see ‫ﻳﻮم‬
‫ اﳝﺎ‬ayyumā see 4‫ اي‬ayy
1(‫آن‬ (‫ اﻳـﻦ‬āna i to come, approach, draw near (time)| ‫( آن اﻻوان‬awān) the
time has come: ‫ان‬ ‫ آن ﻟﻪ‬it’s time for him to ...
‫ آن‬see ‫اون‬
‫ اﻳـﻦ‬aina where? (= at or to what place?)| ‫ ﻣـﻦ اﻳـﻦ‬min aina where … from?
‫ اﱃ اﻳـﻦ‬where? (= to what place?) ‫ اﻳـﻦ ﳓـﻦ ﻣـﻦ‬how far we still are from …
worlds separate us from ... (fig.); ‫ اﻳـﻦ ﻫـﺬا ﻣـﻦ ذاك‬what is this compared with
that!
78
‫ اﻻﻳﻦ‬al-ainu the where; space (philos.)

‫ اﻳﻨﻤﺎ‬ainamā wherever
‫ ا ن‬ayyāna when? (conj.) when
2 ‫اﻳﻦ‬II to ionize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to be ionized (el.)
‫ اﻳﻮن‬iyōn pl. -āt ion
‫ ﻳﲔ‬ta’yīn ionization
‫ ﻣﺘﺄﻳﻦ‬muta’ayyin ionized
‫ اﻳﻪ‬īhi, īha, īhin (interj.) well! now then! All right!
‫ اﻳﻬﺎ‬ayyuhā, with fem. also ‫ اﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬ayyatuhā (vocative particle) O ... !
‫ اﻳﻮب‬ayyūb2 Job
‫ اﻻﻳﻮﺑﻴﻮن‬al-ayyūbīyūn the Ayubites
‫ اﻳﻮم‬aiwam2 see ‫ﻳﻮم‬
1 ‫اﻳﻮن‬see 2‫اﻳﻦ‬
2 ‫ اﻳـﻮان‬īwān pl. -āt recess-like sitting room with a raised floor, usually
Confidential
opening on the main room or courtyard through an arcade; estrade
79
‫ب‬
1‫ ب‬abbreviation of ‫ ب‬chapter
1‫ ب‬bi (prep.) in, at, on (place and time); with (indicating connection,
association, attendance); with, through, by means of (designating
instrumentality or agency, also with pass. = by); for (= at the price of); by (=
to the amount of); by (introducing an oath)|‫ ﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬bi-l-lail at (by) night, ‫ﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬
bi-n-nahār during the daytime, by day; ‫ﴰــﺎﻻ ﺑﺸــﺮق‬ šamālan bi-šarqin
northeast; ‫وﻧﻌﻤـﺖ‬ ‫ ﻓﺒﻬـﺎ‬fa-bihā wa-ni’mat in that case it’s all right; ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﰊ ان‬it
is not my intention to ... ; ‫ ﻫـﺬا ﺑـﺬاك‬hādā bi-dāka now we are even, we are
quits; ‫( ﻗﺒــﻞ ﳎﻴﺌــﻪ ﺑﺴــﺎﻋﺔ‬majī’ihī) an hour before his arrival; ‫“ ب‬with”
frequently gives causative meaning to a verb, e.g., ‫( ـﺾ ﺑﺸـﻲء‬lit.: to rise

with s.t‫ا‬., i.e.) to boost, further, promote s.th.; ‫ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺑـﻪ اﱃ‬to cause s.o. to arrive
at, lead s.o. to; for its use as copula after negations, etc., see grammar; ‫ ﺑﻼ‬bi-
lā without; ‫ ﲟـﺎ ان‬bi-mā anna in view of the fact that; since, as, inasmuch as,
Confidential
because; ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ ﲟﺎ‬bi-mā fīhi including
‫ ء‬bā’ name of the letter ‫ب‬
bābā pl. ‫ ﺑﻮات‬bābawāt, ‫وات‬ pope; papa, father, daddy
‫ ﺑﻮى‬bābawī, ‫وى‬ papal

‫ ﺑﻮﻳﺔ‬bābawīya papacy
1 ba’ba’a to say “papa” (child)
2‫ ﺑﺆﺑﺆ‬bu’bu’ root, source, origin; core, heart, inmost part; pupil of the eye,
also ‫ﻟﻌﲔ‬ ‫ ﺑﺆﺑﺆ‬b. al-‘ain

‫ ﺑﻞ‬bābil2 Babel, Babylon
‫ ﺑﻠﻰ‬bābilī Babylonian
‫ ﺑﻪ‬bābih the second month of the Coptic calendar
‫ ﺑﻮج‬bābūj pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﺑﺞ‬bawābij2 slipper
‫ ﺑـﻮر‬bābūr pl. -āt, ‫ ﺑـﻮاﺑﲑ‬bawābīr2 (=‫ )واﺑـﻮر‬locomotive, engine; steamship,
steamer
‫ ﺑﻮﻧﺞ‬bābūnaj camomile (bot.)
80
‫ ﺗﺴﺘﻪ‬bati.ta batiste
‫ ﺛﻮﻟﻮﺟﻰ‬batōlōjī pathologic(al)
‫ ﺛﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬batōlōjiyā pathology
‫ ذﳒـﺎن‬bādijān and ‫ ﺑﻴـﺬﳒﺎن‬baidinjān (coll.; n. un. ‫ ة‬pl. -āt eggplant,
aubergine
1‫ ر‬bār pl. -āt bar; taproom
2‫ ر‬ba’ara a to dig a well
‫ ﺑﺌﺮ‬bi'r f., pl. ‫ آ ر‬ābār, ‫ ﺑﺌﺎر‬bi’ār well, spring

‫ ﺑﺆرة‬bu’ra pl. ‫ ﺑﺆر‬bu’ar center, seat (fig.); site; pit; abyss
‫( راﺷﻮت‬Fr. parachute) bārāšūt parachute
‫ راﻏﻮاى‬bārāguwāy Paraguay
‫ رﺑﻮﱐ‬see ‫ﺑﺮﺑﻮﱏ‬
‫( رﻛﻴﻪ‬Fr.) barkēh parquet, parquetry floor
‫ ر ﻣﺞ‬see ‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺞ‬
‫ رة‬bāra pl. -āt para (coin)
Confidential
‫ رود‬bārūd saltpeter; gunpowder
‫ رودة‬bārūda pl. ‫ ﺑﻮارﻳﺪ‬bawārīd2 rifle, carbine
‫ رﻳﺲ‬bārīs2 Paris
‫ رﻳﺴﻰ‬bārīsī Parisian
‫ ز‬bāz pl. ‫ ﺑﻴﺰان‬bīzān and ‫ ز‬ba’z pl. ‫ ﺑﺆوز‬bu’ūz, ‫ ﺑﺌﺰان‬bi’zān falcon
‫ زار‬bāzār pl. –āt bazaar
‫ زﻟﺖ‬bāzalt basalt
‫ زوﺑﻨﺪ‬bāzūband bracelet
‫ ﺑـﺆس‬ba’usa u (‫ س‬ba’s) to be strong, brave, intrepid; -- ‫ ﺑـﺌﺲ‬ba’isa a (‫ﺑـﺆس‬
bu’s) to be miserable, wretched VI to feign misery or distress VIII to be sad,
worried, grieved
‫ ﺑﺌﺲ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬bi’sa r-rajulu what an evil man!
‫ س‬ba’s strength, fortitude, courage, intrepidity (as verbal noun of ‫ﺑـﺆس‬
ba’usa); harm, hurt, injury, impairment, detriment, wrong| ‫ﺷ ــﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺒـﺄس‬courageous, brave, intrepid; ‫( ﻻ س‬ba’sa) there is no objection to it;
unobjectionable; not bad, rather important, considerable, e.g., ‫ﻛﻤﻴـﺎت ﻻ س‬
81
‫ـﺎ‬ (kammīyāt) considerable quantities; ‫( ﻻ س‬ba'sa) never mind! it doesn't

matter! it's all right! ‫ ﻻ س ان‬it doesn't matter that ... ; ‫ اى س؟‬ayyu ba'sin?
what does it matter! what of it! ‫( ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ س ﻣـﻦ‬ba’sun) he will be none the
worse for ... ; ‫( ﻻ س ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ‬ba’sa) it won't do you any harm! don't worry!
don't be afraid
‫ ﺑﻨﺎت ﺑﺌﺲ‬banātu bi's calamities, adversities, misfortunes
‫ ﺑـﺌﺲ‬bu’s, ‫ ﺳـﺎء‬ba’sā’, ‫ ﺑـﺆس‬bu’ūs and ‫ ﺑﺆﺳـﻰ‬bu’sā pl. ‫ اﺑـﺆس‬ab’us misery,
wretchedness, suffering, distress
‫ ﺑﺌﻴﺲ‬ba’īs pl. ‫ ﺑﺆﺳﺎء‬bu’asā’2 miserable, wretched
‫ ﺋﺲ‬bā’is miserable, wretched
‫( ﺳﺘﻴﻞ‬Fr.) bastē1 pastel
‫ ﺳﻞ‬bāsīl bacilli
‫ ش‬bāš senior, chief (in compounds)
‫ ﺷﺠﺎوﻳﺶ‬bašcāwīš and ‫ ﺷﺠﺎوﻳﺶ‬approx.: master sergeant (formerly, Eg.)
‫ ﺷﺤﻜﻴﻢ‬bāšḥakīm physician-in-chief
Confidential
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﺶ‬bāšrayyis a naval rank, approx.: petty officer 3rd class (Eg.)
‫ ﺷﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬bāškātib chief clerk
‫ ﴰﻔﱴ‬bāšmuftī chief mufti (Tun.)
‫ ﴰﻔﺘﺶ‬bāamšmufattiš chief inspector
‫ ﴰﻬﻨﺪس‬bāšmuhandis chief engineer
‫ ﺷﺎ‬bāšā pl. ‫ ﺷﻮات‬bāšawāt (‫ ) ﺷﺎوات‬pasha
‫ ﺷﻖ‬bāšaq, bāšiq pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﺷﻖ‬bawāšiq2 sparrow hawk
‫ اﻟﺒﺎﺷﻘﺮد‬al-bāšqird the Bashkirs
‫ ﺷﻜﲑ‬see ‫ﺑﺸﻜﲑ‬
‫( ص‬Engl.) bāṣ pl. -āt bus, autobus
‫ ﻃﻮن‬bātūn concrete, béton
‫ ﻏﺔ‬bāgā celluloid; tortoise shell
‫ اﻟﺒﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎن‬al-bākistān Pakistan
‫ ﻛﺴﺘﺎﱏ‬bākistānī Pakistani (adj. and n.)
1‫ ل‬bāl whale (zool.)
82
2‫ ﻟﺔ‬bala pl. -āt bundle, bale
‫ ﻟﻄﻮ‬balṯō pl. ‫ ﻟﻄﻮات‬balṯowāt, ‫ ﺑﻼﻃﻲ‬balātī overcoat; paletot

‫( ﻟﻮ‬It. ballo ball, dance
‫ ﻟﻮن‬bālūn) balloon
‫ ﺟﺰر اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻴﺎر‬juzur al-bāliyār the Balearic Islands
‫( ﻟﻴﻪ‬Fr.) bālēh ballet
‫ ﻣﻴـﺎ‬and ‫ ﻣﻴـﺔ‬bāmiya gumbo, okra (Hibiscus esculentus L., bot., a popular
vegetable in Egypt)
‫ ن‬see ‫ﺑﻮن‬
‫ﺷﺎﺷـﺔ ﻧﻮراﻣﻴـﺔ‬ šāša bānōrāmīya (= Fr. écran panoramique) cinemascope
screen
‫ ﺑﺆوﻧﺔ‬ba’ūna the tenth month of the Coptic calendar
‫ ى‬bāy, f. ‫ ﻳـﺔ‬bāya pl. -āt formerly, in Tunisia, a title after the names of
the members of the Bey's family
‫ دار اﻟﺒﺎى‬dār al-bāy (formerly) the Tunisian government
Confidential
‫ ﺑﱪ‬babr pl. ‫ ﺑﺒﻮر‬bubūr tiger
‫ ﺑﺒﻐﺎء‬babgā2 (and babbayā’2) pl. ‫ ﺑﺒﻐﺎوات‬babgāwāt parrot
‫ ﺑـﺖ‬batta u i (batt) to cut off, sever (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to complete, finish, achieve,
accomplish, carry out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fix, settle, determine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), decide (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., ‫ ﰱ‬on s.th.) II to adjudge, adjudicate, award (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VII to be cut off;
to be finished, be done; to be decided|‫ ﻗـﺪ اﻧﺒـﺖ اﻻﻣـﺮ ﺑﻴﻨـﻪ وﺑﻴـﻨﻬﻢ‬it's all over
between him and them, they are through with each other
‫ ﺑﺖ‬batt settlement, decision; ‫ ﺑﺘﺎ‬battan definitely, once and for all
‫ ﺑﺘـﺔ‬batta pl. -āt adjudication, award; final decision; ‫ اﻟﺒﺘـﺔ‬al-battata and ‫ﺑﺘـﺔ‬
battatan definitely, positively, decidedly, esp. with negations: absolutely not,
definitely not
‫ ﺑﱴ‬battī definite, definitive
‫ ﺑﺘﻴﺔ‬battiya, bittīya pl. ‫ ﺑﺘﺎﺗﻰ‬batātīy barrel; tub
‫ﺑﺘ ـ ــﺎ‬
batātan decidedly, definitely, positively, categorically,
unquestionably, absolutely
‫ ﺗﺒﺘﻴﺖ‬tabtīt adjudication, award
83
‫ ت‬bātt definite, definitive|‫( ﻣﻨﻊ ت‬man‘) categorical interdiction

1‫ ﺑـﱰ‬batara u (batr) to cut off, sever (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to amputate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
mutilate, render fragmentarily (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a text) VII to be cut off, be severed, be

amputated
‫ ﺑﱰ‬batr cutting off, severance, separation; amputation
‫ اﺑــﱰ‬abtar2 curtailed, docked, clipped, trimmed; imperfect, defective,
incomplete; without offspring
‫ ﺑﺘﺎر‬battār cutting, sharp
‫ ﺗﺮ‬bātir cutting, sharp
‫ ﻣﺒﺘﻮر‬mabtūr broken, abrupt, unconnected; fragmentary, incomplete
2‫ ﺑـﱰاء‬bitrā’2, batrā’2 Petra (ancient city of Edomites and Nabataeans;
ruins now in SW Jordan)
‫ ﺑﱰك‬batrak patriarch
‫ ﺑﱰول‬batrūl, bitrōl petroleum
‫ اﺑﺘـﻊ‬abta‘2 an assonant intensifier of ‫ اﲨـﻊ‬ajma‘2 all, altogether, whole,
Confidential
entire
‫ ﺗﻊ‬bāti‘ strong; full, whole, entire
‫ ﺑﺘﻚ‬II to cut off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1 ‫ ﺑﺘﻞ‬batala i u (batl) and II to cut off, sever (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make final, close,
settle, make conclusive, clinch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to retire from the world and
devote one's life to God (‫ﷲ‬ ‫ ;)اﱃ‬to be pious, chaste and self-denying; to live
in chastity VII to be cut off, be curtailed, be docked
‫ ﺑﺘﻮل‬batūl virgin; ‫ اﻟﺒﺘﻮل‬the Virgin Mary
‫ ﺑﺘﻮﱄ‬batūlī virginal
‫ ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬batūlīya virginity
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﺘﻞ‬mutabattil an ascetic, a. recluse; a pious, godly man
2‫ ﺑﺘﻮﻻ‬batūlā birch tree
‫ ﺑـﺚ‬batta (batt) to spread, unroll, unfold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a rug); to scatter,

disperse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to disseminate, propagate, spread (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a spirit, an
ideology, a doctrine); to sprinkle (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. on); to let s.o. (‫ه‬, also ‫ )ل‬in on
s.th. (‫ﻫ ـ‬, esp. on a secret); to broadcast, transmit by radio |‫اﻟﻌﻴـﻮن‬ ‫ ﺑـﺚ‬to peer
84
around; ‫اﻷﻟﻐـﺎم‬ ‫ ﺑـﺚ‬to plant, or lay, mines IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) in on a secret (‫)ﻫ ـ‬
VII to be spread; to be scattered
‫ ﺑﺚ‬batta spreading, dissemina.tion, propagation; grief, sorrow
‫ ﺑﺜﺮ‬batara i (batira a) and V to break out with pimples or pustules (skin)
‫ ﺑﺜﺮ‬batr pl. ‫ ﺑﺜﻮر‬butūr (n. un. ‫ ﺑﺜﺮة‬batra pl. batarāt) pimples, pustules
‫ ﺑﺜﺮ‬batir, ‫ ﺑﺜﲑ‬batīr pustulate, pimpled
‫ ﺑﺜـﻖ‬bataqa i u (with ‫ اﻟﻨﻬـﺮ‬an-nahra) to open flood gates so that the river
will overflow its banks VII to break forth, burst out, well out, pour out, gush
out; to emanate, proceed, spring (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫ اﻧﺒﺜﺎق‬outpouring, effusion, outpour, outburst; emanation
‫ ﲜـﺢ‬bajiḥa a (bajaḥ) to rejoice (‫ ب‬at) V to vaunt, flaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.), boast,
brag (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﺗﺒﺠﺢ‬tabajjuj bragging, braggery
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﺠﺢ‬mutabajjij braggart
‫ ﲜـﺪة‬bajda, bujda root, source. heart, essence, basis|‫ ﲜـﺪة اﻷﻣـﺮ‬the heart of
Confidential
the matter, the actual state of affairs, the true facts; ‫ﻫـﻮ اﺑـﻦ ﲜـﺪ ﺎ‬
bujdatihā) he knows the job from the ground up, he is the right man for it
‫ اﲜﺮ‬abiar2 obese, corpulent
‫ ﲜـﺲ‬bajasa u i (bajs) and II to open a passage (for the water), cause (the
(ibn
water) to flow V and VII to flow freely, pour forth copiously, gush out
‫ ﲜﺲ‬bajs, ‫ ﲜﻴﺲ‬bajīs flowing freely, streaming
‫ ﲜﻊ‬baja‘ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pelican
‫ ﲜـﻞ‬II to honor, revere, venerate, treat with deference (‫ ه‬s.o.), show
respect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o.); to give precedence (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o. or s.th. over) V to
be honored, be revered, be venerated
‫ ﲜﻞ‬bajal syphilis (ir.)
‫ ﺗﺒﺠﻴﻞ‬tabjīl veneration, reverence; deference, respect
‫ ﻣﺒﺠﻞ‬mubajjal revered, respected; venerable
‫ ﲜﻢ‬bajama i (bajm, ‫ ﲜﻮم‬bujūm) to be speechless, dumfounded
‫ ﲜﻦ‬II to clinch (‫ ﻫـ‬a nail)
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‫ ﺑﺢ‬baḥḥa a (baḥḥ, ‫ ﲝﺢ‬baḥaḥ, ‫ ﲝـﻮح‬buḥūḥ, ‫ ﲝـﺎح‬baḥāḥ, ‫ ﲝﻮﺣـﺔ‬buḥūḥa, ‫ﲝﺎﺣـﺔ‬

baḥāḥa) to be or become hoarse, be raucous, husky, harsh (voice) II and IV
to make hoarse (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﲝﺔ‬buḥḥa hoarseness
‫ اﺑﺢ‬abaḥḥ2 hoarse
‫ ﻣﺒﺤﻮح‬mabḥūḥ hoarse
‫ ﲝـﺒﺢ‬II tabaḥbaḥa to be prosperous, live in easy circumstances; to enjoy
o.s. have a good time
‫ ﲝﺒﻮح‬baḥbūḥ gay, merry
‫ ﲝﺒﻮﺣـﺔ‬buḥbūḥa middle; life of ease and comfort, prosperity, affluence| ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﲝﺒﻮﺣﺔ‬amidst
‫ ﻣﺒﺤـﺒﺢ‬mubaḥbaḥ well-to-do, prosperous; enjoying an easy, comfortable
life
‫ ﲝـﺖ‬baḥt pure, unmixed, sheer; exclusive, also ‫ ﲝـﺖ اﻷﻣـﺮ; ﲝﺘـﺎ‬baḥan
merely, solely, purely, exclusively, nothing but ...
‫ ﲝﱰ‬buḥtur stocky, pudgy, thickset
Confidential
‫ ﲝﱰي‬buḥturī stocky, pudgy, thickset
‫ ﲝﺚ‬baḥata a (baḥt) to look, search (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬for s.th.), seek (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.);
to do research; to investigate, examine, study, explore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th., less
frequently with ‫ ﰲ‬or ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, look into (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to discuss (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a subject, a
question) III to discuss (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬a question) VI to have a discussion,

discuss together; to confer, have a talk (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬about)
‫ ﲝﺚ‬baḥt pl. ‫ ﲝﻮث‬buḥūt, ‫ اﲝﺎث‬,‫ ﲝﻮ ت‬abḥāt search (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for), quest (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of);
examination, study; research; investigation, exploration; discussion; treatise;
(pl. ‫ )اﲝﺎث‬study, scientific report (‫ ﰲ‬on)
‫ ﲝﺎث‬baḥḥāt scholar, research worker
‫ ﲝﺎﺛﺔ‬baḥḥāta eminent scholar
‫ ﻣﺒﺤـﺚ‬mabḥāt pl. ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺣـﺚ‬mabāḥit subject, theme, field of investigation or
discussion, object of research; research, study, examination; investigation
‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ‬mubāḥata pl. -āt negotiation, parley, conference, talk, discussion
‫ ﺣـﺚ‬bāḥit pl. -ūn and ‫ ﲝـﺎث‬buḥḥāt scholar, research worker; examiner,
investigator
86
‫ ﲝﺜـﺮ‬baḥtara to disperse, scatter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to waste, squander, dissipate (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.) II tabaḥtara pass. of I
‫ ﲝﺜﺮ‬baḥtara waste, dissipation
‫ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﺮ‬mubaḥtir squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift
1‫ ﲝﺮ‬baḥira a to be startled, be bewildered (with fright)
1‫ ﲝـﺮ‬II to travel by sea, make a voyage IV do.; to embark, go on board; to
put to sea, set sail, sail, depart (ship); to go downstream, be sea-bound (ship
on the Nile) V to penetrate deeply, delve (‫ ﰲ‬into); to study thoroughly (‫ ﰲ‬a
subject) X = V
‫ ﲝـﺮ‬baḥr pl. ‫ ﲝـﺎر‬biḥār, ‫ﲝـﻮر‬, buḥūr, ‫ اﲝـﺎر‬abḥār, ‫ اﲝـﺮ‬abḥur sea; large river; a
noble., or great, man (whose magnanimity or knowledge is comparable to
the vastness of the sea); meter (poet.) | ‫ﲝـﺮ‬
‫ ﰲ‬in the course of, during, ‫ﰲ ﲝـﺮ‬
‫( ﺳـﻨﺘﲔ‬sanatain) in the course of two years, within two years; ‫اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ اﻷﺑـﻴﺾ‬
‫( اﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬abyaḍ, mutawassiṯ) the Mediterranean (sometimes shortened to ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ(; ﲝﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﻄﻴﻖ‬b. al-balṯīq the Baltic Sea; ‫ ﲝـﺮ اﳉﻨـﻮب‬b. al-janūb the South
Confidential
Seas; ‫ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﲪﺮ‬the Red Sea (also ‫ ﲝﺮ اﻟﻘﻠﺰم‬b. al-qulzum); ‫ ﲝﺮ اﻟﻘﺰر‬b. al-ḳazar
the Caspian Sea (also ‫ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ اﻟﻜﺴـﺒﻴﺎﰐ(; ﲝـﺮ اﻟـﺮوم‬b. ar-rūm the Mediterranean;
‫( اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺳﻮد‬aswad) the Black Sea; ‫ ﲝﺮ اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺎت‬b. aẓ-ẓulumāt the ‫ﻫـ‬tlantic; ‫ﲝﺮ‬
‫ ﻟﻮط‬b. lūṯ and ‫( اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﳌﻴﺖ‬mayyit) the Dead Sea; ‫( ﲝﺮ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ‬eg.) the Nile
‫ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‬al-baḥrain the Bahrein Islands
‫ ﲝـﺮاﱐ‬baḥrānī of the Bahrein Islands; ‫ اﻟﺒﺤﺎرﻧـﺔ‬al-baḥārina the inhabitants of
the Bahrein Islands
‫ ﲝـﺮي‬baḥrī sea (adj.), marine; maritime; nautical; naval; navigational; (in
Eg.) northern, baḥrīya (with foll. genit.) north of; (pl. -ūn, ‫ )ة‬sailor,
seaman, mariner|‫ﻣـﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﲝـﺮي‬ approx.: seaman apprentice (Eg.); ‫اﻟﻘـﻮات اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳـﺔ‬
(qūwāt) the naval forces; ‫ﲝﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﻧﺒﺎ ت‬nabātāt) marine flora, water plants
‫ ﲝﺮﻳﺔ‬baḥrīya navy
‫ ﲝﺮة‬baḥra pond, pool
‫ ﲝـﺎر‬baḥḥār pl. -ūn, ‫ ﲝـﺎرة‬baḥḥāra seaman, mariner, sailor; pl. ‫ ﲝـﺎرة‬crew (of
a ship, of an airplane)
87
‫ ﲝـﲑة‬buḥaira pl. -āt, ‫ ﲝـﺎﺋﺮ‬baḥā’ir2 lake; (tun.)'vegetable garden, truck

garden
‫ ﲝـﺮان‬buḥrān crisis (of an illness); climax, culmination (also, e.g., of
ecstasy)
‫ ﺗﺒﺤﺮ‬tabaḥḥur deep penetration, delving (‫ ﰲ‬into a subject), thorough study
(‫ ﰲ‬of)
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﺤــﺮ‬mutabaḥḥir thoroughly familiar (‫ ﰲ‬with); profound, erudite,
searching, penetrating
‫ ﲝﻠﻖ‬baḥlaqa: ‫‘( ﲝﻠﻖ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‬ainaihi) to stare, gaze (‫ ﰲ‬at)
1‫ﺑﺦ‬ ‫ ﺑﺦ‬baḳ baḳ excellent! well done! Bravo!
2‫ ﺑـﺦ‬baḳḳa u (baḳḳ) to snore; to spout, spurt, squirt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sprinkle,
splatter (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with)

‫ ﲞﺎﺧﺔ‬baḳḳāḳa nozzle
‫ ﲞﻴﺨﺔ‬buḳḳēḳa squirt, syringe
‫ ﻣﺒﺨﺔ‬mibaḳḳa nozzle
Confidential
‫ ﲞﺖ‬baḳt luck; a kind of lottery| ‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺨﺖ‬unIucky; ‫ ﺳﻮء اﻟﺒﺨﺖ‬bad luck
‫ ﲞﻴﺖ‬baḳīt lucky, fortunate
‫ ﻣﺒﺨﻮت‬mabḳūt lucky, fortunate
‫ ﲞﱰ‬II tabaḳtara to strut, prance
‫ ﲞﺮ‬II to vaporize, evaporate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fumigate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to disinfect (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to perfume with incense, expose to aromatic smoke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to
evaporate (water); to volatilize, tum into smoke or haze; to perfume 0.8., or
be perfumed, with incense
‫ ﲞﺎر‬buḳār pl. -āt, ‫ اﲞﺮة‬abḳira vapor, fume; steam
‫ ﲞﺎري‬buḳārī steam (adj.), steam-driven
‫ ﲞﻮر‬baḳūr incense; frankincense| ‫ ﲞﻮر ﻣﺮﱘ‬b. maryam cyclamen (bot.)
‫ اﲞﺮ‬abḳar2 suffering from halitosis
‫ ﻣﺒﺨﺮة‬mabḳara pl. ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺧﺮ‬mabāḳir2 (also -āt) censer; thurible; fumigator
‫ ﺗﺒﺨﲑ‬tabḳīr fumigation
‫ ﺗﺒﺨﺮ‬tabaḳḳur evaporation, vaporization
‫ ﺧﺮة‬balfira pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﺧﺮ‬bawāḳir2 steamer, steamship
88
‫ ﺑﻮﳜﺮة‬buwaiḳira small steamboat

‫ ﲞﺲ‬baḳasa a (baks) to decrease, diminish, reduce (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to lessen (e.g.,
‫ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬qīmatahū the value of s.th.); to disregard, neglect, fail to heed (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﲞﺲ‬baḳs too little, too low; very low (price)
‫ ﺧﺲ‬baḳis small, little, trifling, unimportant
‫ ﲞﺸﻴﺶ‬baḳšīš pl. ‫ ﲞﺎﺷﻴﺶ‬baḳāšīš 2 tip, gratuity
‫ ﲞﻊ‬baḳa‘a a (baḳ‘) with ‫ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬: to kill o.s. (with grief, anger, rage)
‫ اﲞﻖ‬abḳaq2 f. ‫ ﲞﻘﺎء‬baḳqā’2 one-eyed
‫ ﲞـﻞ‬baḳila a (baḳal), baḳula u (buḳl) to be niggardly, be stingy (‫ ب‬with
s.th., ‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with regard to s.o.), scrimp (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬,‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o., ‫ ب‬for), stint (‫ ب‬in,
‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), withhold (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.o., ‫ ب‬s.th.) VI to give reluctantly,
grudgingly (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬,‫ ﻋﻦ‬to s.o., y s.th.)
‫ ﲞﻞ‬buḳl avarice, cupidity, greed
‫ ﲞﻴﻞ‬baḳīl pl. ‫ ﲞﻼء‬avaricious, greedy; miser, skinflint
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺒﺨﻠﺔ‬mabḳala cause of avarice, that which arouses avarice or greed
‫ ﲞﻨﻖ‬buḳnuq pl. ‫ ﲞﺎﻧﻖ‬baḳāniq2 kerchief, veil (to cover the head)
‫ ﺑـﺪ‬badda u (budd) to distribute, spread, disperse II to divide, distribute,
spread, scatter, disperse (‫• ﻫ ـ‬.th.); to remove, eliminate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to waste,
squander, fritter away, dissipate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V pass. of II; X to be independent,
proceed independently (‫ ب‬in, e.g., in one's opinion, i.e., to be opinionated,
obstinate, head-strong); to possess alone monopolize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take

possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.o.), seize, grip, overwhelm, overcome (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.; said of a
feeling, of an impulse); to dispose arbitrarily, highhandedly (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to
rule despotically, tyrannically, autocratically (‫ ب‬over)
‫ ﺑﺪ‬budd way out, escape| ‫( اذا ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺪ ﻣـﻦ ان‬buddun) if it is inevitable that
... ; ‫ﺑـﺪ‬
‫( ﻻ‬budda) definitely, certainly, inevitably, without fail; by all means;
‫ ﻻ ﺑـﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬it is necessary, inescapable, unavoidable, inevitable, ‫ ﻻ ﺑـﺪ ﻟـﻪ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬he
simply must do it, he can't get around it; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ ﺑـﺪ‬min kulli buddin in any
case, at any rate
89
‫ ا دﻳﺪ‬abādīd 2 (pl.) scattered

‫ ﺗﺒﺪﻳـﺪ‬tabdīd scattering, dispersal, dispersion; removal, elimination; waste,
dissipation
‫ اﺳــﺘﺒﺪاد‬istibdād arbitrariness, high-handedness; despotism; autocracy;
absolutism
‫ اﺳـﺘﺒﺪادي‬istibdādī arbitrary, highhanded, autocratic, despotic; ‫اﺳـﺘﺒﺪاد ت‬
istibdādīyāt arbitrary acts
‫ ﻣﺒﺪد‬mubaddid scatterer, disperser; squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﺒﺪ‬mustabidd arbitrary, highhanded, autocratic, tyrannical, despotic;
autocrat, tyrant, despot|‫ﺑﺮأﻳــﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴــﺘﺒﺪ‬ (bira’yihī) opinionated, obstinate,
headstrong
‫ ﺑـﺪأ‬bada’a a (‫ ﺑـﺪأ‬bad’) to begin, start (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬with s.th., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; ‫ ه‬with
s.o.; with foll. imperf.: to do s.th. or doing s.th. respectively); to set in,
begin, start, arise, spring up, crop up II to put (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬before s.th. else),
give precedence or priority (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th. else) III to begin, start
(‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ه‬with regard to s.o.), make the first step, take the initiative or lead
Confidential
(‫ ب‬in s.th., ‫ ه‬toward s.o.) e.g., ‫ﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫دأﻩ‬ (kalām) to accost s.o., speak first
to s.o. IV to do or produce first (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.). bring out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. new)|

‫ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺒـﺪئ وﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻴـﺪ‬mā yubdi’u wa-mā yu‘īd he can't think of a blessed thing to say; ‫ﻳﺒـﺪئ‬
‫ وﻳﻌﻴـﺪ‬he says or does everything conceivable VIII to begin, start (‫ ب‬with
s.th.)
‫ ﺑﺪء‬bad’ beginning, start|‫ ﻣﻨـﺬ اﻟﺒـﺪء‬from the (very) beginning; ‫ﻓﻌﻠـﻪ ﻋـﻮدا وﺑـﺪءا‬
(‘audan wa-bad’an) ‫‘( ﻋـﻮدﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﺪﺋـﻪ‬audahū ‘alā bad’ihī) or ‫ﻋـﻮدا اﱃ ﺑـﺪء‬ (ilā
bad’in) he did it all over again, he began anew
‫ ﺑـﺪأة‬bad’a, ‫ ﺑﺪﻳﺌـﺔ‬badī’a, ‫ ﺑﺪاﻳـﺔ‬bidāya beginning, start|‫ ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳـﺔ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬in the
beginning, at first
‫ ﺑـﺪاءة‬badā’a beginning, start; first step, first instance| ‫ ﺑـﺪاءة ﺑـﺪء‬badā’ata
bad’in right at the outset, at the very beginning
‫ ﺑﺪاﺋﻲ‬budā’ī primitive
‫ ﻣﺒـﺪأ‬mabda' pl. ‫ ﻣﺒـﺎدئ‬mabādi’2 beginning, start, starting point; basis,
foundation; principle; invention; pl. principles, convictions (of a person);
ideology; rudiments. fundamental concepts, elements| ‫ﻛﺘـﺐ اﳌﺒـﺎدئ‬kutub al-
m. elementary books
90
‫ ﻣﺒــﺪﺋﻲ‬mabda’ī original, initial; fundamental, basic; ‫ ﻣﺒــﺪﺋﻴﺎ‬mabda’īyan

originally; in principle
‫ اﺑﺘـﺪاﺋﻲ‬ibtidā’ī beginning, start; novitiate (Chr.)| ‫ اﺑﺘـﺪاء ﻣـﻦ‬ibtidā’an min
from, beginning ... , as of (with foll. date)
‫ اﺑﺘـﺪاﺋﻲ‬ibtidā’ī initial; preparatory, elementary, primary; of first instance
(jur.); original, primitive|‫اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴـﺔ‬‫( ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ‬maḥkama) court of first instance;
‫ اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘـﺪاﺋﻰ‬elementary education; ‫( ﻣﺪرﺳـﺔ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴـﺔ‬madrasa) lower grades of
a high school, approx.: junior high school (as distinguished from ;(‫ﻧﻮﻳـﺔ‬
‫( ﺷﻬﺎدة اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴﺔ‬šahāda) approx.: junior high school graduation certificate
‫ دئ‬bādi’ beginning, starting| ‫ دئ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬badi'a l-amr and ‫ ﰲ دئ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬in
the beginning, at first; ‫ ﰲ دئ اﻟـﺮأي‬right away, without thinking twice,
unhesitatingly; ‫ دئ ذي ﺑـﺪء‬badi’a dī bad’in above all, first of all, in the first
place, primarily; ‫ اﻟﺒ ـﺎدئ ذﻛــﺮﻩ‬al-badi’u dikruhu (the person or thing)
mentioned at the outset, the first-mentioned
‫ ﻣﺒﺘﺪئ‬mubtadi’ beginning; beginner; novice (Chr.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺒﺘﺪأ‬mubtada' beginning, start; (gram.) subject of 8 nominal clause
1‫ ﺑـﺪر‬badara u to come unexpectedly, by surprise; to escape (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.; e.g.,
words in excitement) III to come to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind, occur to s.o. (t) all of a
sudden, strike s.o. (idea, notion); to embark, enter (‫ اﱃ‬upon s.th.) or set out
(‫ اﱃ‬to do s.th.) without delay; to rush, hurry (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o., to a place); to hurry
up (", with s.th.), ‫اﱃ‬ ‫در‬ with foll. verbal noun: to do s.th. promptly, without
delay, hasten to do s.th.; to fall upon s.o (‫ )ه‬with (‫)ب‬, accost, assail,
surprise (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with s.th.; e.g., ‫ درﻩ ﺑﻜـﻼم ﻏﻠـﻴﻆ‬to snap rudely at s.o.); to
react, respond (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.)| ‫( در اﱃ اﳒـﺎز اﻟﻮﻋـﺪ‬injāzi l-wa‘d) to set out to
fulfill a promise VI ‫( ﺗﺒــﺎدر اﱃ اﻟــﺬﻫﻦ‬dihn) to suggest itself strongly, be
obvious; to appear at first glance as if (‫أن‬ ‫أن(; ﺗﺒــﺎدر اﱃ ذﻫــﲏ‬ (dihnī) it
occurred to me all of a sudden that ... ; ‫( ﺗﺒــﺎدر اﱃ اﻟﻔﻬــﻢ‬fahm) to be

immediately understood VIII to hurry, rush, hasten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to get ahead of
s.o. (‫)ه‬, anticipate, forestall (‫ ه‬s.o.)|‫ اﺑﺘـﺪرﻫﺎ ﻗـﺎﺋﻼ‬before she could say a word
he exclaimed ...
91
‫ ﺑﺪر‬badr, pl. ‫ ﺑﺪور‬budūr full moon

‫ ﺑـﺪرة‬badra pl. badarāt, ‫ ﺑـﺪار‬bidār huge amount of money (formerly =
10,000 dirhams)|‫اﻷﻣﻮال‬ ‫ ﺑﺪرات‬enormous sums of money
‫ ﺑﺪار‬badārī hurry! quick!
‫ ﻣﺒﺎدرة‬mubādara undertaking, enterprise
‫ درة‬bādira pl. ‫ ﺑـﻮادر‬bawadir2 herald, harbinger, precursor, forerunner,
first indication, sign; unforeseen act; stirring, impulse, fit (e.g., of rage);
blunder, mistake; ‫ﺑـﻮادر‬ stirrings, impulses|‫ﺧــﲑ‬ ‫درة‬ b. ḳairin a good, or
generous, impulse
2 ‫ ﺑﻴﺪر‬baidar pl. ‫ ﺑﻴﺎدر‬bayādir 2 threshing floor
‫ ﺑﺪروم‬and ‫( ﺑﺪرون‬Turk. bodrum) badrūm, badrūn pl. -āt basement
‫ ﺑـﺪع‬bada‘a a (bad‘) to introduce, originate, start, do for the first time (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), be the first to do s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to devise, contrive, invent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to
accuse of heresy (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = I; to create (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to achieve unique,
Confidential
excellent results (‫ ﰲ‬in); to be amazing, outstanding (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.) VIII to
invent, contrive, devise, think up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to regard as novel, as
unprecedented (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺑــﺪع‬bad‘ innovation, novelty; creation|‫ ﺑــﺪﻋﺎ وﻋــﻮدا‬bad‘an wa-‘audan
repeatedly
‫ ﺑـﺪع‬bid‘ pl. ‫ اﺑـﺪاع‬abdā‘ innovator; new, original; unprecedented, novel| ‫ﻻ‬
‫ ﺑـﺪع‬lā bid‘a no wonder! ‫ ﻻ ﺑـﺪع ان‬lā bid‘a an no wonder that ... ; ‫ﺑـﺪع ﻣـﻦ‬ s.th.
else than; unlike, different from
‫ ﺑﺪﻋـﺔ‬bid‘a pl. ‫ ﺑـﺪع‬bida‘ innovation. novelty; heretical doctrine, heresy; pl.
creations (of fashion, of art)| ‫اﻟﺒﺪع‬ ‫اﻫﻞ‬ ahl al-b. heretics
‫ ﺑــﺪﻳﻊ‬badi', ‫ ﺑــﺪع‬bud‘ unprecedented, marvelous, wonderful, amazing,
admirable, singular, unique; creator| ‫اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‘ilm al-b. the art or science of
metaphors and (in general) of good style
‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻌـﺔ‬badī‘a pl. ‫ ﺑـﺪاﺋﻊ‬badā’i‘2 an astonishing, amazing thing, a marvel, a
wonder; original creation
‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻌﻲ‬badī‘ī rhetorical
‫ اﺑﺪع‬abda‘2 more amazing, more exceptional; of even greater originality
92
‫ اﺑ ــﺪاع‬ibdā‘ creation, fashioning, shaping; a marvelous, unique

achievement; uniqueness, singularity, originality; creative ability
O ‫ اﺑﺪاﻋﻲ‬ibdā‘ī romantic (lit.)
O ‫ اﺑﺪاﻋﻴﺔ‬ibdā‘īya romanticism (lit.)
‫ ﻣﺒـﺪع‬mubdi‘ producing, creating; creative; creator; exceptional, unique,
outstanding (in an achievement, esp. of an artist)
‫ ﻣﺒﺘﺪع‬mubtadi‘ innovator; creator; heretic
‫ ﺑﻴﺪق‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑـﺪل‬badala u to replace (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. by), exchange (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. for) II to
change, alter (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. to), convert (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into); to substitute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.,
‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.), exchange, give in exchange (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬for); to change
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to exchange (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬with s.o. s.th.) IV to replace (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. by),
exchange (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬for s.th. s.th. else); to compensate (‫ ﻫ ـ ب ه‬s.o. for s.th. with
s.th. else), give s.o. (‫ )ه‬s. th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬in exchange for (‫ )ب‬V to change; to be
exchanged VI to exchange (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also words, views, greetings) X to
Confidential
exchange, receive in exchange, trade, barter (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬and ‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬s.th. for); to
replace (‫ ﻫـ ب‬and ‫ ﻫـ ب‬s.th. by), substitute (‫ ب ﻫـ‬and ‫ ﻫـ ب‬for s.th. s.th. else)
‫ ﺑـﺪم‬badal pl. ‫ اﺑـﺪال‬abdāl substitute, alternate, replacement; equivalent.
compensation, setoff; reimbursement, recompense, allowance; price. rate;
(gram.) appositional substantive standing for another substantive|‫ ﺑﺪل اﳉﺮاﻳﺔ‬b.
al-jirāya allowance for food; ‫اﻟﺴـﻔﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑﺪل‬b. as-safarīya travel allowance; ‫ﺑـﺪل‬
‫ اﻻﺷﱰاك‬subscription rate; ‫ ﺑﺪل اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬expense account, expense allowance
‫ ﺑﺪل‬badala (prep.) inetead of, in place of, in lieu of
‫ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ‬ badalan min in place of, instead of, in lieu of
‫ ﺑﺪﻟﺔ‬badla pl. badalāt, ‫ ﺑﺪل‬bidal suit (of clothes); costume|‫ ﺑﺪﻟﺔ اﳊﻤﺎم‬b. al-
ḥammām bathing suit; ‫رﲰﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺑﺪﻟـﺔ‬rasmīya) uniform; ‫( ﺑﺪﻟـﺔ ﺗﺸـﺮﻳﻔﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬tašrīfātīya)
full-dreas uniform
‫ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬badalīya compensation, smart money
‫ ﺑﺪال‬badāla (prep.) instead of, ‫( ﺑﺪال ﻣﺎ‬conj.) instead of (being, doing, etc.)
93
‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ‬badīl pl. ‫ ﺑـﺪﻻء‬budalā’ 2 substitute, alternate (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬for); stand-in,

double (theat.); (f. ‫ )ة‬serving as a replacement or substitute| ‫ﻣﻔــﺮزة ﺑﺪﻳﻠــﺔ‬
(mafraza) reserve detachment (mil.)
‫ ﺑﺪال‬baddāl grocer; money-changer
‫ ﺑﺪاﻟﺔ‬baddāla culvert; pipeline; telephone exchange, central
‫ ﻣﺒﺎدل‬mabādil2 see ‫ﺑﺪل‬
‫ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬tabdīl change, alteration
‫ ﻣﺒﺎدﻟــﺔ‬mubādala pl. -āt exchange| ‫( ﻣﺒــﺎدﻻت ﲡﺎرﻳــﺔ‬tijārīya) commercial
exchange, trade relations
‫ اﺑـﺪال‬ibdāl exchange, interchange, replacement (‫ ب‬by), substitution (‫ب‬
of); change; phonetic change
‫ ﺗﺒ ــﺪل‬tabaddul change, shift, turn; transformation; transmutation,
conversion
‫ ﺗﺒـﺎدل‬tabādul (mutual) exchange| ‫ ﺗﺒــﺎدل اﻟﺴـﻼم‬t. as-salam exchange of
greetings, ‫اﳋﻮاﻃﺮ‬ ‫ ﺗﺒﺎدل‬thought transference, telepathy
Confidential
‫ اﺳﺘﺒﺪال‬istibdāl exchange, replacement, substitution
‫ ﻣﺒﺪل‬mubdil: ‫ ﻣﺒﺪل اﻻﺳﻄﻮا ت‬m. al-usṯuwānāt automatic record changer
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﺎدل‬mutabādil mutual, reciprocal
‫ ﺑﺪن‬baduna u and badana u to be fat, corpulent
‫ ﺑﺪن‬badan pl. ‫ اﺑﺪان‬abdān, ‫ اﺑﺪن‬abdun body, trunk, torso
‫ ﺑﺪﱐ‬badani bodily, corporal, physical, somatic
‫ ﺑﺪاﻧﺔ‬badāna corpulence, obesity
‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ‬badīn pl. ‫ ﺑﺪن‬budun stout, corpulent, fat, obese
‫ ﺑﺪوﻧﺔ‬budūna corpulence, obesity
‫ دن‬bādin pl. ‫ ﺑﺪن‬budn stout, corpulent, fat, obese
‫ ﺑــﺪﻩ‬badaha a to come, descend suddenly (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), befall
unexpectedly (‫ ه‬s.o.); to surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.) with s.th. (‫ )ب‬III to appear
suddenly, unexpectedly (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ before s.o. with s.th.) VIII to extemporize,
improvise, do offhand, on the spur of the moment (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
94
‫ ﺑﺪاﻫــﺔ‬badāha spontaneity, spontaneous occurrence, impulse; simple,

natural way, naturalness, matter-of-factness; ‫ ﺑﺪاﻫـﺔ‬badāhatan and ‫ﻟﺒﺪاﻫـﺔ‬ all
by itself, spontaneously
‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻬــﺔ‬badīha s.th. sudden or unexpected; improvisation; impulse,
inspiration, spontaneous intuition; intuitive understanding or insight,
empathy, instinctive grasp, perceptive faculty|‫اﻟﺒﺪاﻫﻴــﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ all by itself,
spontaneously; offhand; ‫اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻬـﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ‬ quick-witted, quick at repartee; ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻬـﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮة‬ presence of mind
‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ‬badīhī and ‫ ﺑﺪﻫﻲ‬badahī intuitive, self-evident, a priori (adj.)
‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻴـﺔ‬badīhīya pl. -āt an axiom, a fundamental or self-evident truth;
truism, commonplace, platitude
‫ ﺑﺪاﺋﻪ‬badii'ih' fundamental or selfevident truths
(‫ ﺑﺪو( ﺑﺪا‬badā u to appear, show, become evident, clear, plain or manifest,
come to light; to be obvious; to seem good, acceptable, proper (‫ ل‬to s.o.) III
to shaw, display, evince, manifest, reveal, declare openly|‫ﻟﻌــﺪاوة‬ ‫دى‬
Confidential
(‘adāwa) to show open hostility IV to disclose, reveal, manifest, show,
display, evince (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), to demonstrate, bring out, bring to light, make
visible (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to express, utter, voice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)|

express one's opinion about; ‫رﻏﺒـﺔ‬
‫اﺑـﺪى رأﻳـﻪ ﰲ‬ (ra'yahū) to
‫( اﺑـﺪى‬ragbatan) to expreas a wish or desire
V = I, to live in the desert VI to pose as a Bedouin
‫ ﺑﺪو‬badw desert; nomads, Bedouins
‫ ﺑـﺪوي‬badawī Bedouin, nomadic; rural (as distinguished from urban); a
Bedouin
‫ ﺑﺪوﻳﺔ‬badawīya pl. -āt Bedouin woman, Bedouin girl
‫ ﺑﺪاة‬badaJl pl. ‫ ﺑﺪوات‬badawāt whim, caprice; ill-humor
‫ ﺑﺪاوة‬badāwa and bidāwa desert life, Bedouin life; Bedouinism, nomadism
‫ ﺑﻴﺪاء‬baidā’2 desert, steppe, wilderness, wild
‫ اﺑﺪاء‬ibdā’ expression, manifestation, declaration
‫ د‬bādin apparent, evident, obvious, plain, visible; inhabiting the desert;
pl. ‫ ﺑﺪاة‬budāh Bedouins
‫ دﻳــﺔ‬bādiya desert, semidesert, steppe; peasantry; (pl. ‫ ﺑـﻮاد‬bawādin)
nomads, Bdouins
95
‫ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ‬bidāya = ‫ﺑﺪاءة‬
‫ ﺑﺬ‬badda u (badd) to get the better of (‫)ه‬, beat, surpass (s.o.)
‫ ﺑﺬ‬badd and bādd slovenly, untidy, shabby, filthy, squalid
‫ ﺑﺬاذة‬badāda slovenliness, untidiness, shabbiness, dirtiness, filth
‫ ﺑـﺬأ‬bada’a a to revile, abuse (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), rail (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at s.o.); -- ‫ ﺑـﺬئ‬badi’a a,
‫ ﺑﺬؤ‬badu’a u to be obscene, bawdy
‫ ﺑـﺬئ‬badī’ disgusting, loathsome, nauseous, foul, dirty, obscene, bawdy,
ribald
‫ ﺑـﺬاء‬badā’ and ‫ ﺑـﺬاءة‬badā’a obscenity, ribaldry, foulness (of language);
disgust, loathing, aversion, contempt
‫ ﺑﺬخ‬badaḳa a to be haughty, proud
‫ ﺑﺬخ‬badaḳ luxury, pomp, splendor; haughtiness, pride
‫ ذخ‬bādiḳ pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاذخ‬bawādiḳ2 high, lofty; proud, haughty
‫ ﺑـﺬر‬badara u (badr) to sow, disseminate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., seed, also fig. = to
spread) II to waste, squander, dissipate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﺑﺬر‬badr pl. ‫ ﺑـﺬور‬budūr, ‫ ﺑـﺬار‬bidār seeds, seed; seedling; pl. ‫ ﺑـﺬور‬pips, pits,
stones (of fruit)
‫ ﺑـﺬرة‬badra (n. un.) a seed, a grain; pip, pit, stone (of fruit); germ; (fig.)
germ cell (of a development, and the like)
‫ ﺑﺬار‬bidār seedtime
‫ ﺗﺒﺬﻳﺮ‬tabdīr waste, squandering, dissipation
‫ ﻣﺒﺬر‬mubaddir squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift
‫ ﺑﻴﺬق‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑـﺬل‬badala i u (badl) to give or spend freely, generously (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
sacrifice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to expend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to offer, grant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)| ‫ﺑـﺬل ﺟﻬـﺪﻩ‬
(jahdahū) to take pains; ‫ﳎﻬـﻮدا‬‫ ﺑﺬل‬do.; ‫( ﺑـﺬل ﻛـﻞ ﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪة‬kulla musā‘adatin) to
grant every assistance; ‫ ﺑﺬل اﳌﺴـﺎﻋﻰ‬to make efforts; ‫ ﺑـﺬل اﻟﻄﺎﻋـﺔ ل‬to obey s.o.,
defer to s.o.; ‫ﻏـﺎل‬ ‫( ﺑـﺬل ﻛـﻞ‬kulla gālin) and ‫ ﺑـﺬل اﻟﻐـﺎﱃ واﻟـﺮﺧﻴﺺ ﰲ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ‬to spare
no effort, go to any length, give everything, pay any price for or in order to;
‫( ﺑـﺬل ﻣـﺎء وﺟﻬـﻪ‬mā’a wajhihī) to sacrifice one's honor; (‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻓـﻼن‬or) ‫ﺑـﺬل ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
‫ دون ﻓـﻼن‬to sacrifice o.s. for s.o.; ‫( ﺑـﺬل وﺳـﻌﻪ‬wus‘ahū) to do one’s utmost, do
96
one’s best V to fritter away one’s fortune, be over-generous; to prostitute

o.s. (woman); to display common, vulgar manners VIII to wear out in
common service, make trite, vulgar, commonplace, to hackney (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
abuse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to express o.s. in a vulgar manner, use vulgar language; ‫اﺑﺘﺬل‬
‫ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬to degrade o.s. demean o.s., sacrifice one's dignity
‫ ﺑ ــﺬل‬badl giving, spending; sacrifice, surrender, abandonment;
expenditure; offering, granting
‫ ﺑﺬﻟﺔ‬badla suit (of clothes)
‫ ﻣﺒـﺬل‬mibdal pl. ‫ ﻣﺒـﺎذل‬mabādil2 slipper; pl. ‫ ﻣﺒـﺎذل‬casual clothing worn
around home|‫ﻣﺒﺎذﻟﻪ‬ ‫ ﻓﻼن ﰲ‬so-and-so in his private life
‫ اﺑﺘ ــﺬال‬ibtidāl triteners, commonness, commonplaceness; banality;
debasement, degradation
‫ ذل‬bādil spender
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﺬل‬mutabaddil vulgar, common
‫ ﻣﺒﺘــﺬل‬mubtadal trite, hackneyed, banal, common, vulgar; everyday,
commonplace (adj.)
Confidential
2 ‫ ﺑـﺮ‬barra (1st pers. perf. barirtu, barartu) a I (birr) to be reverent, dutiful,
devoted; to be kind (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.); to be charitable, beneficent, do good
(‫ ب‬to s.o.); to obey (‫ ه‬s.o., esp. God); to treat with reverence, to honor (‫ب‬
or ‫ ه‬the parents); to be honest, truthful; to be true, valid (sworn statement);
to keep (‫ ب‬a promise, an oath) II to warrant, justify, vindicate; to acquit,
absolve, exonerate, exculpate, clear (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.)| ‫( ﺑـﺮر وﺟﻬـﻪ‬wajhahū) to
justify o.s. by IV to carry out, fulfill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., a promise, an oath) V to justify
o.s.; to be justified
‫ ﺑـﺮ‬birr reverence, piety; righteousness, probity; godliness, devoutness;
kindness; charitable gift
‫ ﺑـﺮ‬barr and ‫ ر‬bārr pl. ‫ اﺑـﺮار‬abrār and ‫ ﺑـﺮرة‬barara reverent, dutiful (‫ب‬
toward), devoted (‫ ب‬to); pious, godly, upright, righteous.; kind
‫ ﻣﱪة‬mabarra pl. -āt and ‫ ﻣﺒﺎر‬mabar2 good deed, act of charity, benefaction;
philanthropic organization; charitable institution, home or hospital set up
with private funds
‫ ﺗﱪﻳﺮ‬tabrīr justification, vindication
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‫ ر‬bārr reverent, faithful and devoted; see also under ‫ ﺑﺮ‬barr above
‫ ﻣـﱪور‬mabrūr (accepted into the grace of the Lord, i.e.) blessed (said of a
deceased person)
‫ ﻣﱪر‬mubarrir pl. -āt justification; excuse|‫( ﻻ ﻣﱪر ﻟﻪ‬mubarrira) unjustifiable
2 ‫ ﺑـﺮ‬barr land (as opposed to sea), terra firma, mainland; open country; ‫ﺑـﺮا‬
barran out, outside| ‫وﲝﺮا‬ ‫ ﺑﺮا‬barran wa-baḥran by land and sea
‫ ﺑﺮى‬barrī terrestrial, land (adj.); wild (of plants and animals)| ‫ﺳﻴﺎرة ﺑﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
(sayyāra, mā’īya) amphibious vehicle
ā‫ ﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬barrīya pl. ‫ ﺑﺮارى‬barāarīy open country, steppe, desert; see also 1 ‫ﺑﺮأ‬
‫ ﺑﺮاﱏ‬barrānī outside, outer, exterior, external; foreign, alien
‫ ﺑﺮ‬burr wheat
1 ‫ ﺑﺮأ‬bara’a a (‫ ﺑﺮء‬bar’) to create (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., said of God)
‫ ﺑﺮء‬bar’ creation
‫ ﺑﺮﻳـﺔ‬barīya pl. -āt, ‫ ﺑـﺮا‬barāyā creation (= that which is created); creature;
see also 2 ‫ﺑﺮ‬.
Confidential
‫~ اﻟﺒﺎرى‬J~I aI-bari' the Creator (God)
2 ‫ ﺑﺮئ‬bari’a a (‫ ﺑﺮاءة‬barā’a) to be or become free, be cleared (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from, esp.
from guilt blame, etc., ‫ اﱃ‬toward s.o.); to recover (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from an illness) II to

free, clear, acquit, absolve, exculpate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from suspicion, blame,
guilt)| ‫( ﺑـﺮأ ﺳـﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺮﺟـﻞ‬sāḥata r-rajul) he acquitted the man IV to acquit,
absolve, discharge, exculpate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cause to recover, cure, heal (‫ه‬

s.o.)|‫( اﺑـﺮأ ذﻣﺘـﻪ‬dimmatahū) to clear s.o. or o.s. from guilt, exonerate s.o. or
o.s. V to clear o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from suspicion, from a charge), free o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from
responsibility, etc.), rid o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to declare o.s. innocent, wash one’s
hands (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to be acquitted X to restore to health, cure, heal (‫ ه‬s.o.); to

free o.s. (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from), rid o.s. (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
‫ ﺑﺮء‬bur’ and burū’ convalescence, recovery
‫ ﺑـﺮئ‬barī’ pl. ‫ اﺑـﺮ ء‬abriyā’2, ‫ ﺑـﺮاء‬burā’, birā’ free, exempt (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), devoid
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬of); guiltless, innocent; guileless, harmless; healthy, sound
98
‫ ﺑـﺮاء‬barā’ free, exempt (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from)| ‫( ذﻣﺘـﻪ ﺑـﺮاء ﻣـﻦ‬dimmatuM) he is innocent

of ...
‫ ﺑـﺮاءة‬barā’a being free; disavowal, withdrawal; innocence, guiltlessness;
naiveté, guilelessness, artlessness; (pl. -āt) license, diploma, patent| ‫ﺑـﺮاءة‬
‫ اﺧﱰاع‬patent on an invention; ‫ ﺑﺮاءة اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬exequatur (a written authorization of
a consular officer, issued by the government to which he is accredited); ‫ﺑﺮاءة‬
‫اﻟﺜﻘـﺔ‬ b. at-tiqa (Tun.) credentials (dipl.); ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑـﺮاءة‬ harmless; without guilt,
innocent
‫ ﺗﱪﺋ ــﺔ‬tabri’a freeing, exemption; acquittal, absolution, discharge,
exoneration
‫ ﻣﺒـﺎرأة‬mubāra’a mubarat, divorce by mutual consent of husband and wife,
either of them waiving all claims by way of compensation (Isl. Law)
‫ اﺑـﺮاء‬ibrā’ acquittal, absolution, release; release of a debtor from his
liabilities, remission of debt (Isl. Law)
‫ اﺳـﺘﱪاء‬istibrā’: ‫ اﺳـﺘﱪاء اﳊﻤـﻞ‬ist. al-ḥamal the ceremony of selecting and
purifying the Host before Mass (Copt.-Chr.)
Confidential
‫ ﺑﺮاﺟﻮاى‬baraguwāy Paraguay
‫ اﻟﱪازﻳﻞ‬al-bərāzīl Brazil
‫( ﺑﺮاﺳﲑى‬Fr. brasserie) brāseri beer parlor, taproom
‫ ﺑﺮاغ‬Prague
‫( ﺑﺮاﻓﺎن‬Fr. paravent) baravān folding screen
‫ ﺑﺮاﳘﺎ‬bərahmā Brahma
‫ ﺑﺮﺑـﺔ‬birba and ‫ ﺑـﺮ‬birbā pl. ‫ ﺑـﺮاﰉ‬barābī ancient Egyptian temple, temple
ruins doting back to ancient Egypt (eg.); labyrinth, maze
‫ ﺑﺮﺑﺦ‬barbaḳ pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑﺦ‬barābiḳ2 water pipe, drain, culvert, sewer pipe
‫ ﺑﺮﺑﺮ‬barbara to babble noisily (e.g., a large crowd), jabber, mutter, prattle
‫ اﻟﱪﺑﺮ‬al-barbar the Berbers
‫ ﺑﺮﺑـﺮى‬barbarī Berber (adj.); barbaric, uncivilized; -- (pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮة‬barābira) a
Berber; a barbarian
‫ ﺑﺮﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬barbarīya barbar(ian)ism, barbarity, savagery, cruelty
‫ ﻣﺘﱪﺑﺮ‬mutabarbir barbaric, uncivilized
‫ ﺑﺮﺑﻴﺲ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑﺮﺑﻴﺶ‬barbīš (syr.) tube (of a narghile, of an enema, etc.)
99
‫ ﺑﺮﺑﻂ‬barbata to splash, paddle, dabble (in water)

‫( ﺑﺮﺑﻮﱏ‬It. barbone) barbūnī, also ‫ ﺑﺮﺑﻮن‬red mullet (Mullus barbatus; zool.)
‫ ﺑﺮﰉ‬see ‫ﺑﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﺑﻴﺲ‬barbīs barbel (zool.)
‫ ﺑﺮﺗﻐﺎل‬burtugāl Portugal
‫ ﺑﺮﺗﻐﺎﱃ‬burtugālī Portuguese
‫ ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎل‬burtuqāl, ‫ ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎن‬burtuqān orange
‫ ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎﱃ‬burtuqālī, ‫ ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎﱏ‬burtuqānī orange, orange-colored
‫ ﺑﺮﺛﻦ‬burtun, pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﺛﻦ‬barātin claw, talon
1 ‫ ﺑـﺮج‬V to display, show, play up her charms (woman); to adorn herself,
make herself pretty (woman)
2 ‫ ﺑـﺮج‬burj pl. ‫ ﺑـﺮوج‬burūj, ‫ اﺑـﺮاج‬abrāj tower; castle; sign of the zodiac| ‫ﺑـﺮج‬
‫ اﳊﻤﺎم‬b. al-ḥamām pigeon house, dovecot; ‫ ﺑﺮج اﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬b. al-miyāh water tower
2 ‫ رﺟﺔ‬bārija pl. ‫ ﺑﻮارج‬bawārij warship, battleship; barge
Confidential
1 ‫اﻟﱪﺟﺎس‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺐ‬la‘b al-birjās a kind of equestrian contest, joust, tournament
2 ‫ اﻟﱪﺟﻴﺲ‬al-birjīs Jupiter (astron.)
‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ‬barjal pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﺟﻞ‬barāhil2 compass, (pair of) dividers
‫ ﺑﺮﲨﺔ‬burjuma pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﺟﻢ‬barājim2 knuckle, finger joint
‫ ﺑﺮح‬bariḥa a (‫ ﺑﺮاح‬barāḥ) to leave (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬a place, ‫ اﱃ‬for), depart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from,
‫ اﱃ‬on one’s way to); with neg.: to continue to be (= ‫ زال(|ﻣـﺎ ﺑـﺮح ﰲ‬he is still
in ... ; ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﺑـﺮح ﻏﻨﻴـﺎ‬ganīyan) he is still rich; ‫( ﺑـﺮح اﳋﻔـﺎء‬ḳafā’) the matter hall
come out, has become generally known; ‫وﺑـﺮح‬ ‫ ﻏـﺪا‬to come and go II to beset,
harass, trouble, molest (‫ ب‬s.o.) III to leave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a place, ‫ اﱃ‬for), depart (‫ﻫ ـ‬
from, ‫ اﱃ‬on one's way to)

‫ ﺑـﺮاح‬departure; cessation, stop; a wide, empty tract of land, vast expanse,
vastness; ‫ ﺑﺮاﺣﺎ‬barāḥan openly and plainly, patently
‫ ﺗﺒﺎرﻳﺢ‬tabārīh2 agonies, torments (e.g., of longing, of passion)
‫ ﻣﺒﺎرﺣﺔ‬mubāraḥa departure
100
‫ رح‬bāriḥ (showing the left side. i.e.) ill-boding, inauspicious, ominous

(as opposed to ‫اﻟﺒﺎرح‬ ;(‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺢ‬al-bāriḥa yesterday
‫ اﻟﺒﺎرﺣــﺔ‬al-bāriḥata yesterday| ‫( اﻟﻠﻴﻠــﺔ اﻟﺒﺎرﺣــﺔ‬lailata) last night; ‫اول اﻟﺒﺎرﺣــﺔ‬
awwala l-b. the day before yesterday. two days ago
‫ ﻣﱪح‬mubarriḥ, violent, intense, excruciating, agonizing (esp., of pains)
‫ ﻣﱪح ﺑﻪ‬mubarraḥ bihi stricken. afflicted, tormented
1 ‫ ﺑـﺮد‬barada u to be or become cold; to cool, cool off (also fig.); to feel
cold; to cool, chill (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to soothe. alleviate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬pain); -- baruda to be or
become cold II to make cold (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to refrigerate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to cool, chill (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th., also fig.); to soothe, alleviate (‫ ﻫـ‬pain) V to refresh o.s., cool o.s. off; to
be soothed, be alleviated VIII to become cold, cool off
‫ ﺑﺮد‬bard coldness, chilliness, coolness; cooling; alleviation; cold, catarrh
‫ ﺑﺮد‬barad hail, ‫ ﺑﺮدة‬barada (n. un.) hailstone
‫ ﺑﺮود‬barūd collyrium
‫ ﺑﺮود‬burūd coldness, coolness, chilliness; emotional coldness, frigidity
Confidential
‫ ﺑـﺮودة‬burūda coldness, coolness, chilliness; emotional coldness, frigidity|
‫ ﺑﺮودة اﻟﺪم‬b. ad-dam cold-bloodedness
‫ ﺑﺮدﻳﺔ‬bardīya ague, feverish chill; see also below
‫ ﺑﺮداء‬buradā’ 2 ague, feverish chill
‫ ﺑﺮادة‬barrāda cold-storage plant; refrigerator, icebox
‫ ﺗﱪﻳ ـﺪ‬tabrīd cooling, chilling; cold storage, refrigeration; alleviation,
mitigation|‫اﻟﺘﱪﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬـﺎد‬ jahāz at-t. cold-storage plant, refrigerator; ‫ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ اﻟﺘﱪﻳـﺪ‬
gurfat at-t. cold-storage room
‫ رد‬bārid cold; cool, chilly; easy; weak; stupid, inane, silly, dull; dunce,
blockhead|‫اﻟﺒـﺎردة‬
‫( اﳊـﺮب‬ḥarb) the cold war; ‫ ﻏﻨﻴﻤـﺔ ردة‬an easy prey; ‫ﻋـﻴﺶ رد‬
(‘aiš) an easy life; ‫( ﺣﺠـﺔ ردة‬ḥujja) a weak argument; ‫( ﺗﺒـﻎ رد‬tibg) light,
mild tobacco
‫ ﻣﱪد‬mubarrid cooling, refreshing; pl. -āt refreshments (beverages, etc.)
‫ ﻣﱪد‬mubarrad cooled, chilled
2‫ ﺑﺮد‬barada u to file (‫ ﻫـ‬a piece of metal, etc.)
‫ ﺑﺮاد‬barrād fitter (of machinery)
101
‫ ﺑﺮادة‬birāda fitter's trade or work

‫ ﺑﺮادة‬burāda iron filings
‫ ﻣﱪد‬mibrad pl. ‫ ﻣﺒﺎرد‬mabcirid2 file, rasp
3‫ ﺑﺮد‬burd pl. ‫ اﺑﺮاد‬abrād garment
‫ ﺑﺮدة‬burda Mohammed's outer garment

‫ ﺑﺮداﻳﺔ‬burdāya curtain, drape
4‫ ﺑﺮد‬IV to send by mail, to mail (‫ ﻫـ‬a letter)
‫ ﺑﺮﻳﺪ‬barīd post, mail|‫( اﻟﱪﻳﺪ اﳉﻮى‬jawwī) air mail

‫ ﺑﺮﻳﺪى‬barīdī postal; messenger, courier; mailman
5‫ رود‬look up alphabetically
6‫ ﺑﺮدى‬bardī, burdī papyrus (bot.)
‫ ﺑﺮدﻳﺔ‬bardīya pl. -āt papyrus|‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﱪد ت‬ilm al-b. papyrology

‫ ﺑﺮداق‬bardāq pl. ‫ ﺑﺮادﻳﻖ‬barādīq2 jug, pitcher
‫ﻟﻌﺐ اﻟﱪدج‬ la‘b al-b. bridge (game)
Confidential
‫ ﺑﺮدخ‬bardaḳa to polish, burnish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ﺑﺮدﻋﺔ = ﺑﺮذﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺮدﻗﺎن = ﺑﺮﺗﻘﺎن‬
‫ ﺑﺮدﻗﻮش‬bardaqūš (=‫ )ﻣﺮدﻗﻮش‬marjoram
‫( ﺑﺮدورة‬Fr. bordure) badūra curbstone, curb
‫ ﺑﺮذﻋـﺔ‬barda‘a pl. ‫ ﺑـﺮاذع‬barādi‘2 saddle, pack-saddle (for donkeys and
camels)
‫ ﺑﺮاذﻋﻰ‬barādi‘ī maker of donkey saddle, saddler
‫ ﺑﺮذون‬birdaun pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاذﻳﻦ‬barādīn2 work horse jade, nag
1‫ ﺑـﺮز‬baraza u to come out, show, appear, come into view, emerge; to jut
out, protrude, stand out, be prominent (also fig.); to surpass, excel (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.)
II to cause to come out, bring out, expose, show, set off, accentuate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);
to excel, surpass (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﰱ‬s.o. in), stand out (‫ ﰱ‬for), distinguish o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬by) III
to meet in combat or duel (‫ ه‬s.o.); to compete in a contest (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV
to cause to come out, bring out, expose, make manifest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to publish,
102
bring out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a book, etc.); to present, show (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., an identity card) V to
evacuate the bowels VI to vie, contend
‫ ﺑﺮوز‬burūz prominence, projection, protrusion
‫ ﺑﺮاز‬birāz excrement, feces; competition, contest, match (in sports); duel
‫ ﺑﺮﻳﺰة‬buraiza (birēza; eg.) ten-piaster coin
‫ اﺑﺮز‬abraz2 more marked, more distinctive; more prominent
‫ ﻣﺒﺎرزة‬mubāraza competition, contest, match, esp. in sports; duel; fencing
‫ اﺑـﺮاز‬ibrāz bringing out, displaying, setting off, accentuation; production;
presentation
‫ رز‬bāriz protruding, projecting, salient; raised, embossed, in relief;
marked, distinct, conspicuous; prominent (personality)
‫ ﻣـﱪز‬mubarriz surpassing (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), superior (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); winner. victor
(in contest)
‫ ﻣﺒﺎرز‬mubāriz competitor, contender; combatant, fighter; fencer
2‫( ﺑﺮﻳـﺰ‬Fr. prise) brīz pl. -āt (plug) socket, wall-plug, outlet (syr.); ‫ﺑﺮﻳـﺰة‬
barīza pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﺋﺰ‬barā’iz2 do. (eg.)
Confidential
2‫ اﺑﺮﻳﺰ‬look up alphabetically
2‫ ﺑﺮزان‬barazān trumpet
‫ ﺑــﺮزخ‬barzaḳ pl. ‫ ﺑ ـﺮازخ‬barāziḳ interval, gap, break, partition, bar,

obstruction; isthmus
‫ ﺑﺮزوق‬burzūq sidewalk
1‫ ﺑﺮﺳﺎم‬birsām pleurisy
2‫ اﺑﺮﻳﺴﻢ‬look up alphabetically
3‫ ﺑﺮﺳــﻴﻢ‬birsīm clover, specif., berseem, Egyptian clover (Trifolium
alexandrinum bot.)
1‫ ﺑﺮش‬burš pl. ‫ اﺑﺮاش‬abrāš mat
‫ اﺑﺮش‬abraš2 spotted, speckled

1‫ ﺑﺮش‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑﺮﺷﺖ‬birišt: ‫( ﺑﻴﺾ ﺑﺮﺷﺖ‬baiḍ) soft-boiled eggs

‫ ﺑﺮﺷﻠﻮﻧﺔ‬baršīlōna Barcelona (seaport in NE Spain)
‫ ﺑﺮﺷﻢ‬baršama to stare, gaze (‫ اﱃ‬at s.th.); to rivet (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺑﺮﴰﺔ‬baršama riveting
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‫ ﺑﺮﺷﺎم‬buršām and ‫( ﺑﺮﺷﺎن‬n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt wafer; Host (Chr.)

‫ ﺑﺮﺷﺎﻣﺔ‬buršāma rivet
‫ ﺑﺮﺷﺎﳎﻰ‬buršāmjī riveter
‫ ﺑﺮﴰﺠﻴﺔ‬buršamjīya riveting
1‫ ﺑﺮص‬bariṣa a (baraṣ) to be a leper
‫ ﺑﺮص‬burṣ wall gecko (Tarentola mauritanica, zool.)
‫ ﺑﺮص‬baraṣ leprosy
‫ اﺑﺮاص‬abraṣ2 leprous; leper|‫ ﺳﺎم اﺑﺮص‬sāmm a. wall gecko
2‫ ﺑﺮﺻﺔ‬burṣa stock exchange
‫ ﺑﺮض‬baraḍa u (‫ ﺑﺮوض‬burūḍ) to germinate, sprout (plant)

‫ ﺑﺮﻃـﻮز‬barṯūz: ‫ ﺑﺮﻃـﻮز اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳـﺔ‬b. a1-baḥrīya forecastle, crew quarters (on a
merchant vessel)
‫ ﺑﺮﻃﻊ‬barṯa‘a (‫ ﺑﺮﻃﻌﺔ‬barṯa‘a) to gallop
‫ ﺑﺮﻃـﻞ‬barṯala (‫ ﺑﺮﻃﻠـﺔ‬barṯala) to bribe (‫ ه‬s.o.) II tabarṯala to take bribes, be
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venal
‫ ﺑﺮﻃﻴﻞ‬birṯīl pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﻃﻴﻞ‬barāṯīl2 bribe
1‫ ﺑﺮﻃﻢ‬barṯama to rave, talk irrationally
‫ ﺑﺮﻃﻮم‬burṯūm, barṯūm trunk of an elephant
2‫ ﺑﺮﻃﻤــﺎن‬barṯamān pl. -āt (syr. eg.) tall earthen or glass vessel (for
preserves, oil. etc.)
‫ ﺑـﺮع‬bara‘a a to surpass excel (‫ ه‬s.o.); (also baru‘a u) to distinguish o.s.,
be skilful, proficient V to contribute. Give, donate (‫ ب‬s.th.); to undertake
(voluntarily, ‫ ب‬s.th.). volunteer (‫ ب‬or), be prepared, willing (‫ ب‬to do s.th.);
to be ready, be on hand (‫ ب‬with)

‫ ﺑﺮاﻋﺔ‬barā‘a skill, proficiency; efficiency, capability, capacity
‫ ﺑﺮوﻋﺔ‬burū‘a superior skill, outstanding proficiency
‫ ﺗﱪع‬tabarru‘ pl. -āt gift, donation; contribution
‫رع‬ bāri‘ skilled, skillful, proficient, capable. efficient; brilliant,
outstanding (work of art)
‫ ﺑﺮﻋﻢ‬bar‘ama to bud, burgeon, sprout
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‫ ﺑـﺮﻋﻢ‬bur‘um pl. ‫ ﺑـﺮاﻋﻢ‬barā‘im2 and ‫ ﺑﺮﻋـﻮم‬bur‘ūm pl. ‫ ﺑـﺮاﻋﻴﻢ‬bard'im' bud,

burgeon; blossom, flower
‫ ﺑﺮﻏـﻮث‬burgūt pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﻏﻴـﺚ‬barāgīt2 f1ea; pl. ‫( ﺑﺮاﻏﻴـﺚ‬syr.) small silver coins|
‫ ﺑﺮﻏﻮث اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬b. a1-baḥr shrimp (zool.)
‫ ﺑﺮﻏﺶ‬bargaš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬gnat(s), midge(s)
‫ ﺑﺮﻏـﻞ‬burgul cooked, parched and crushed wheat, served together with
other food (eg., syr.)
‫( ﺑﺮﻏﻰ‬Turk. ‫ ﺑﻮرﻏﻰ‬burğų) burgī pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﻏﻰ‬barāgī screw
‫ ﺑﺮﻓﲑ‬birfīr pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﻓﲑ‬barāfīr2 purple
‫ ﺑﺮوﻓﺔ‬look up alphabetically
1‫ ﺑـﺮق‬baraqa u to shine, glitter, sparkle, flash| ‫( ﺑﺮﻗـﺖ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء‬samā’u) there
was lightning IV = I; to emit bolts of lightning (cloud); to flash up, light up;
to brighten (face); to cable, wire, telegraph (‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ﺑـﺮق‬barq pl. ‫ ﺑـﺮوق‬burūq lightning; flash of lightning; telegraph| ‫ﺑـﺮق ﺧﻠـﺐ‬

(ḳullab) lightning without a downpour, used fig. e.g.. of s.o. given to making
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promises without ever living up to them
‫ ﺑﺮﻗﻰ‬barqī telegraphic, telegraph- (in compounds)
‫ ﺑﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬barqīya pl. -āt telegram, wire, cable
‫ ﺑﺮﻳــﻖ‬barīq pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﺋــﻖ‬barā’iq2 glitter, shine, gloss, luster|‫ذو ﺑﺮﻳــﻖ ﻣﻌــﺪﱐ‬
(ma‘dinī) lustered, coated with metallic luster
‫ ﺑـﺮاق‬burāq Alborak, name of the creature on which Mohammed made his
ascension to the seven heavens (‫)ﻣﻌﺮاج‬
‫ ﺑﺮاق‬barrāq shining, lustrous, sparkling, flashing, glittering, twinkling
‫ ﻣـﱪق‬mabraq glitter, flash|‫ ﰱ ﻣـﱪق اﻟﺼـﺒﺢ‬fī m. iṣ-ṣbḥ with the first rays of
the morning sun
‫ رق‬bāriq: ‫ رق‬b. al-amal glimpse of hope
‫ رﻗﺔ‬bāriqa pl. ‫ ﺑﻮارق‬bawāriq2 gleam, twinkle
‫ ﻣﱪق‬mubriq: ‫ ﻣﱪق ﻛﺎﺗﺐ‬teletype
2 ‫ اﻟﱪﻗﺔ‬al-barqa Cyrenaica (region of E Libya)
3 ‫ اﺑﺮﻳﻖ‬look up alphabetically
4 ‫ اﺳﺘﱪق‬look up alphabetically
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‫ ﺑﺮﻗﺶ‬barqaša (‫ ﺑـﺮﻗﺶ‬barqš) to variegate, paint or daub with many colors (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.); to embellish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; ‫ ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ‬one’s speech) II tabargaša reflex. and pass.
of I
‫ ﺑﺮﻗﺶ‬birqiš finch
‫ ﺑﺮﻗﺶ‬barqaša colorful medley, variety, variegation
‫ ﻣﱪﻗﺶ‬mubarqaš colorful, variegated, many-colored
‫ ﺑﺮﻗـﻊ‬barqa‘a to veil, drape (‫ﻫ ـ‬, s.o., s.th.) II tabarqa‘a to put on a veil, veil
o.s.
‫ ﺑﺮﻗـﻊ‬burqu‘ pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﻗـﻊ‬barāqi‘2 veil (worn by women; long, leaving the eyes
exposed)
‫ ﺑﺮﻗﻮق‬barqūq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬plum
1‫ ﺑـﺮك‬baraka u to kneel down II and IV to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the camel) kneel down
II to invoke a blessing (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﰱ‬on s.th., ‫ ل‬on s.th.) III to bless (‫ ﰱ‬or ‫ ه‬s.th.,
also ‫ل‬ ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, invoke a blessing on; to give one's blessing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.),
or
sanction (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be blessed (‫ ب‬by); to enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.), find pleasure,
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delight (‫ ب‬in); to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬blessing VI to be blessed, be praised; ...
‫ ﺗﺒﺎرك‬tabāraka ... God bless …! X to be blessed
‫ ﺑﺮﻛـﺔ‬birka pl. ‫ ﺑـﺮك‬birak pond, small lake; puddle, pool| ‫ ﺑﺮﻛـﺔ اﻟﺴـﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬b. as-
sibāḥa swimming pool
‫ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ‬baraka pl. -āt blessing, benediction| ‫ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﱪﻛﺔ‬qillat al-b. misfortune, bad
luck
‫ اﺑﺮك‬abrak2 more blessed
‫ ﺗﱪﻳﻚ‬tabrīk pl. -āt good wish; blessing, benediction
‫ ﻣﺒﺎرك‬mubārak blessed, fortunate, lucky
2 ‫ ﺑﺮارﻳﻚ‬barārīk2 (mor.) barracks
‫ ﺑﺮﻛﺎر‬birkār compass, (pair of) divideers
‫ ﺑﺮﻛﺎن‬burkān pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﻛﲔ‬barākīn2 volcano
‫ ﺑﺮﻛﺎﱏ‬burkānī volcanic
‫ ﺑﺮﳌﺎن‬barlamān parliament
‫ ﺑﺮﳌﺎﱏ‬barlamānī parliamentary
‫ ﺑﺮﳌﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬barlamānīya parliamentarianism
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‫( ﺑﺮﻟﻨﱴ‬It. brillante) brillantī brilliant, diamond

‫ ﺑﺮﻟﲔ‬barlīn Berlin
1‫ ﺑـﺮم‬barima a (baram) to be or become weary, tired (‫ ب‬of), be fed up, be
bored (‫ ب‬with), find annoying, wearisome (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to feel annoyed (‫ب‬

by), be displeased (‫ ب‬with); to be fed up (‫ ب‬with), be sick and tired (‫ب‬of,
also ‫ ;)ﻣﻦ‬to be impatient, discontented, dissatisfied; to grieve, be pained
‫ ﺑــﺮم‬barim weary, tired (‫ ب‬of), disgusted (‫ ب‬at, with); dissatisfied,
discontented
‫ ﺗـﱪم‬tabarrum weariness, boredom, disgust; discontent, dissatisfaction;
uneasiness, discomfort, annoyance
‫ ﻣﺘﱪم‬mutabarrim cross, peevish, vexed, annoyed
2‫ ﺑـﺮم‬barama u (barm) to twist, twine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a rope); to shape (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) round
and long; to roll up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the sleeves); to settle, establish, confirm (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV

to twist, twine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a rope); to settle, establish, confirm (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to conclude
(‫ ﻫـ‬a pact); to confirm (‫ ﻫـ‬a judicial judgment); to ratify (‫ ﻫـ‬a treaty, a bill) VII
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to be settled, be established, be confirmed; to be twisted, be twined
‫ ﺑﺮاﻣﺔ‬barrāma pl. -āt drilling machine
‫ ﺑﺮﱘ‬barīm rope; string, cord, twine
‫ ﺑﺮﳝﺔ‬barrīma pl. –āt drill, borer, gimlet, auger, bit; ○ corkscrew ‫ﺑﺮم‬
○ ‫ ﺑﺮﳝﻴﺔ‬barrīmīya spirochete
‫ اﺑـﺮام‬ibrām settlement, establishment; confirmation; conclusion (of a pact,
etc.); ratification|‫واﻻﺑـﺮام‬ ‫ﳏﻜﻤــﺔ اﻟــﻨﻘﺾ‬ maḥkamat an-naqḍ wa-l-i. Court of
Cassation (Eg.)
‫ ﻣﱪوم‬mabrūm:○‫( ﺳﻠﻚ ﻣﱪوم‬silk) wire rope, cable
‫ ﻣـﱪم‬mubram firm, strong; irrevocable, definitely established; confirmed,
ratified|‫ﻣﱪم‬‫( ﻗﻀﺎء‬qaḍā’) inescapable fate; ‫ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﱪﻣﺔ‬irrevocably
3‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺔ‬burma pl. ‫ ﺑﺮم‬buram, ‫ ﺑﺮام‬birām earthenware pot
‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺎ‬burmā Burma
‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺎﺋﻰ‬barmā’ī amphibious|‫( د ﺑﺔ ﺑﺮﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬dabbāba) amphibious tank (mil.)
○ ‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬barmā’īya amphibian
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‫( ﺑﺮﻣﺎﻧﻨﺖ‬Engl.) barmanant permanent wave| ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺖ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺒـﺎرد‬cold wave (in

hair)
‫ ﺑﺮﻣﻖ‬barmaq pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﻣﻖ‬barāmiq2 baluster; spike (of a wheel)
‫ ﺑﺮﻣﻬﺎت‬baramhāt the seventh month of the Coptic calendar
‫ ﺑﺮﻣﻨﻜﻬﺎم‬Birmingham
‫ ﺑﺮﻣﻮدة‬barmūda the eighth month of the Coptic calendar
‫ ﺑﺮﻣﻴﻞ‬barmīl pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﻣﻴﻞ‬barāmīl2 barrel; keg, cask; tun
‫ ﺑﺮﻧﻴﺔ‬barnīya pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﱏ‬barānīy clay vessel
‫ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺞ‬barnāmaj pl. ‫ ﺑـﺮاﻣﺞ‬barāmij2 program, plan, schedule; roster, list,
index; curriculum
‫ ﺑﺮﳒﻚ‬burunjuk gauze, crepe
1‫ ﺑـﺮﻧﺲ‬burnus pl. ‫ﺑـﺮاﻧﺲ‬ barānis2 (also ‫ﺑﺮﻧــﻮس‬ barnūs, burnūs pl. ‫ﺑـﺮاﻧﻴﺲ‬
baranīs2) burnoose, hooded cloak; casula, chasuble (of Coptic priests)| ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺲ‬
‫ اﳊﻤﺎم‬b. al-ḥammām bathrobe
‫ ﺑﺮاﻧﺴﻰ‬barānisī pl. -īya maker of burnooses
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2‫اﻟﱪاﻧﺲ‬ ‫ ﺟﺒﺎل‬jibāl al-barānis the Pyrenees
‫ ﺑﺮﻧﺲ‬brins prince
‫ ﺑﺮﻧﺴﻴﺴﺔ‬brinsēsa princess
‫ ﺑﺮﻧﻂ‬II tabarnaṯa to wear a hat
‫ ﺑﺮﻧﻄﻴﺔ‬burnaiṯa pl. -āt, ‫ ﺑﺮاﻧﻴﻂ‬barānīt2 (European) hat (men’s and women’s);
lamp shade
‫ ﺑﺮﻫـﺔ‬burha pl. burahāt, ‫ ﺑـﺮﻩ‬burah a while, a time; short time; instant,
moment; ‫ ﺑﺮﻫـﺔ‬burllatan a little while| ‫( ﺑـﺮﻫﺘﲔ‬after two moments =) in a short
time
‫ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ‬barham (syr.) = ‫ ﻣﺮﻫﻢ‬marham
‫ ﺑﺮﳘﻦ‬barahman pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﳘﺔ‬barāhima Brahman
‫ ﺑﺮﳘﻴﺔ‬barahmīya Brahmanism
‫ ﺑﺮﻫﻦ‬barhana to prove, demonstrate (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺑﺮﻫﻦ‬burhān pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاﻫﲔ‬barāhīn2 proof
‫ ﺑﺮﻫﻨﺔ‬barhana proving, demonstration
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‫ ﺑﺮوة‬bawa waste, scrap

‫ ﺑﺮوﺗﺴﺘﺎﻧﱵ‬brotostantī Protestant; (pl. -ūn) a Protestant
‫ ﺑﺮوﺗﺴﺘﺎﻧﺘﻴﺔ‬brotostantīya Protestantism
‫( ﺑﺮوﺗﺴﺘﻮ‬It. protesto) brotostō protest (of a bill of exchange)
‫ ﺑﻮرﺗﻮﻛﻮل‬brotokōl protocol
‫ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮن‬proton
‫ ﺑﻮﺟﺮام‬brogrām program
‫ ﺑﺮوﺟﻰ‬burūjī pl. -īya trumpeter, bugler
‫ ﺑﺮوز‬barwaza to frame
‫ ﺑﺮواز‬barwāz, birwāz pl. ‫ ﺑﺮاوﻳﺰ‬barāwīz2 frame
‫( ﺑﺮوﺳﻴﺎ‬It. Prussia) burūsiyā Prussia
‫ ﺑﺮوﺳﻲ‬burūsī Prussian
‫ ﺑﺮوﻓﺔ‬and ‫( ﺑﺮوﭬـﺔ‬It. prova) brōva, brōfa pl. -āt test. experiment; proof sheet;
rehearsal
‫( ﺑﺮوﻧﺰ‬Fr.) bronz bronze
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‫ ﺑﺮوﻧﺰى‬bronzi bronze, bronzy| ‫‘( اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﻟﱪوﻧﺰى‬aṣr) the Bronze Age
1‫ ﺑـﺮى‬barā i (bary) to trim, shape (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), nib (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a pen), sharpen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
pencil); to scratch off, scrape off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to exhaust, tire out, wear out,
emaciate, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.), sap the strength of (‫ )ه‬III to vie, compete (‫ه‬
with s.o.). try to outstrip (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to vie, compete, contend, be rivals; to
meet in a contest, try each other’s strength (esp. in games and sports) VII to
be trimmed, be nibbed, be sharpened; to defy, oppose (‫ ل‬s.o.); to undertake,
take in hand (‫ ل‬s.th.), set out to do s.th. (‫)ل‬, enter, embark (‫ ل‬upon); to break
forth (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to get going; to break out, lot fly, explode (with words, esp.
in anger or excitement)
‫ ﺑﺮى‬baran dust, earth
‫ ﺑﺮاﻳﺔ‬barrāya, ‫ ﺑﺮاﻳﺔ اﻻﻓﻼم‬b. al-aqlām pencil sharpener
‫ ﻣﱪاة‬mibrāh pocketknife
‫ ﻣﺒـﺎراة‬mubārāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺒـﺎر ت‬mubārayāt contest tournament, match (in games
and sports); competition, rivalry
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‫ اﻋـﻂ اﻟﻘـﻮس رﻳﻬـﺎ‬:‫ر‬ a‘ṯi l-qausa bāriyahā give the bow to him who knows
how to shape it, i.e. always ask an expert
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﺎر‬mutabārin participant in a contest, contestant, contender; competitor,
rival
2‫ ﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬see 1‫ ﺑﺮأ‬and 2‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬barīṯāniyā, biriṯāniyā Britain, ‫( ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻜﱪى‬uẓmā) Great Britain

‫ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﱐ‬barīṯānī, biriṯānī British; Britannic
1‫ ﺑـﺰ‬bazza u (bazz) to take away, steal, wrest, snatch (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.o. s.th.).
rob, strip (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. of s.th.); to defeat, beat, outstrip, excel (‫ ه‬s.o.), triumph,
be victorious (‫ ه‬over) VIII to take away, steal, pilfer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take away,
snatch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬money, ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from s.o.); to rob, fleece (‫ ه‬s.o.)|‫ اﺑﺘـﺰ اﻣـﻮال اﻟﻨـﺎس‬to lift
money out of people’s pockets, relieve people of their money
‫ اﺑﺘﺰاز‬ibtizāz theft, robbery; fleecing, robbing (of s.o.)
2‫ ﺑﺰ‬bazza u to bud, burgeon
‫ ﺑـﺰ‬buzz, bizz pl. ‫ ﺑـﺰاز‬bizāz, ‫ اﺑـﺰاز‬abzāz nipple, mammilla (of the female
Confidential
breast); teat, female breast
3‫ ﺑﺰ‬bazz pl. ‫ ﺑﺰوز‬buzūz linen; cloth, dry goods
‫ ﺑﺰة‬bizza clothing, clothes, attire; uniform|‫( ﺑﺰة رﲰﻴﺔ‬rasmīya) uniform

‫ ﺑﺰاز‬bazzāz draper, cloth merchant
‫ ﺑﺰازة‬bizāza cloth trade
‫ ﺑﺰﺑﻮز‬bazbūz pl. ‫ ﺑﺰاﺑﻴﺰ‬bazābīz2 nozzle, spout
‫ ﺑﺰر‬bazara i (bazr) to sow
‫ ﺑﺰر‬bizr pl. ‫ ﺑﺰور‬buzūr seed(s); pl. ‫ اﺑﺰار‬abzār and ‫ ا زﻳﺮ‬abāzīr2 spice
‫ ﺑﺰرة‬bizra (n. un.) seed; kernel, pip, pit, stone (of fruit); germ
‫ ﺑﺰار‬bazzār seedsman
‫ ﺑﺰﻳﺮة‬buzaira pl. -āt spore (bot.)
‫ ﺑﺰغ‬bazaga u to break forth, come out; to dawn (day); to rise (sun)
‫ ﺑﺰوغ‬buzūg appearance, emergence; rise (of the sun)
‫ ﺑﺰق‬bazaqa u (bazq) to spit
‫ ﺑﺰاق‬buzāq spit, spittle, saliva
‫ ﺑﺰاﻗﺔ‬bazzāqa snail; cobra
110
‫ ﻣﺒﺰﻗﺔ‬mibzaqa pl. ‫ ﻣﺒﺎزق‬mabāziq2 spittoon, cuspidor

1 ‫ﺑـﺰل‬bazala u (bazl) to split (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pierce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make a hole (‫ﻫ ـ‬
in); to tap,broach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; a cask); to puncture, tap (‫ ه‬s.o.; med.); to clear,
filter (‫ ﻫـ‬a liquid)
‫ ﺑﺰل‬bazl puncture, tapping, paracentesis (med.)
‫ ﺑﺰال‬buzāl bung (of a cask)
‫ ﻣﺒﺰل‬mibzal pl. ‫ ﻣﺒﺎزل‬mabazil 2 spile, spigot, tap; cock, faucet
2 ‫( ﺑﺰﻟﺔ‬It. piselli) bizilla and ‫ ﺑﺰﻻ‬green peas
‫ اﺑﺰﱘ‬ibzīm pl. ‫ ا زم‬abāzim2 buckle, clasp
‫ ﺑﺰﻣﻮت‬bizmūt bismuth
‫ ﺑﺰﻧﻄﻰ‬bizanṯī Byzantine
‫ ز‬bāzin pl. ‫ ﺑﺰاة‬buzāh, ‫ ﺑﻮاز‬bawāzin, ‫ ﺑﻴﺰان‬bīzān falcon
‫ ﺑﺲ‬bass and ‫ ﺑﺴﺔ‬bassa pl. ‫ ﺑﺴﺎس‬bassās cat
‫ ﺑﺴـﺄ‬basa’a a (‫ ﺑـﺲء‬bas’) to treat amicably (‫ ب‬s.o.); to be intimate, be on
Confidential
familiar terms (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﺑﺴﺎراﺑﻴﺎ‬besārābiyā Bessarabia
‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺎس‬basbās, ‫ ﺑﺴﺒﺎﺳﺔ‬basbāsa (eg.) mace (bot.); (magr.) fennel
‫ ﺑﺴﺒﻮﺳﺔ‬basbāsa (eg.) pastry made of flour, melted butter, sugar and oil
‫( ﺑﺴﺘﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬Fr.) bastīliya pastilles, lozenges
1‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺎن‬bustān pl. ‫ ﺑﺴﺎﺗﲔ‬basātīn2 garden
‫ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﱏ‬bustānī gardener; garden (adj.); horticultural

‫ ﺑﺴﺘﻨﺔ‬bastana gardening, horticulture
2 ‫( ﺑﺴﺘﻮن‬Fr. piston) bistōn, ‫( ﺑﺴﱳ‬Engl.) bistan pl. ‫ ﺑﺴﺎﺗﻦ‬basātin2 piston
3 ‫( ﺑﺴﺘﻮن‬It. bastone) bastūnī spades (suit of playing cards)
‫ ﺑﺴﺨﺔ‬basḳa Easter; Passion Week (Chr.)
‫ ﺑﺴـﺮ‬basara u (‫ ﺑﺴـﻮر‬busūr) to scowl, frown; -- basara u (basr) and VIII to
begin too early (‫ ﻫـ‬with), take premature action, be rash (‫ ﻫـ‬in s.th.)
‫ ﺑﺴﺮ‬busr (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺑﺴﺎر‬bisār unripe dates
‫ ﺳﻮر‬bāsūr pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﺳﲑ‬bawāsīr2 hemorrhoids
111
‫ ﺑﺴﻂ‬basaṯ u (basṯ) to spread, spread out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to level, flatten (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);

to enlarge, expand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stretch out, extend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to unfold, unroll
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to grant, offer, present (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to submit, state, set forth, expound,
explain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); to flog (‫ ه‬s.o.; Nejd); to please delight (‫ه‬
s.o.)| ‫ذراﻋﻴـﻪ‬
‫( ﺑﺴـﻂ‬dirā‘aihi) to spread one’s arms; ‫( ﺑﺴـﻂ ﻳـﺪ اﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪة ل‬yada l-
musā‘ada) to extend helping hand to s.o.; ‫ ﺑﺴـﻂ اﳌﺎﺋـﺪة‬to lay the table; --
basuṯa u (‫ ﺑﺴـﺎﻃﺔ‬basāta) to be simple, openhearted, frank, candid II to
spread, spread out, extend, expand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to level, flatten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
simplify, make simple (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to set forth, state, expound, explain; to be
sincere (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬with s.th. about or in s.th.), confess frankly (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.)
V to be spread, be unrolled, be spread out, be extended; to speak at great
length (‫ ﰱ‬about), enlarge (‫ ﰱ‬on), treat exhaustively, expound in detail (‫ ﰱ‬a
theme); to be friendly, communicative, sociable, behave unceremoniously,
be completely at ease| ‫اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ ﺗﺒﺴﻂ ﰲ‬to talk freely, without formality VII to
Confidential
spread, extend, expand (intr.); to be glad, be delighted, be or become happy
‫ ﺑﺴــﻂ‬basṯ, extension, spreading, unrolling, unfolding; presentation,
statement, explanation, exposition; cheering, delighting, delectation;
amusement; (Eg.) numerator (of a fraction)|
greed, cupidity
‫ﺑﺴـﻂ اﻟﻴــﺪ‬ b. al-yad avarice,
‫ ﺑﺴـﻄﺔ‬basṯa extension, extent, expanse; size, magnitude; skill, capability,

abilities; excess, abundance; (pl. -āt) statement, exposition, presentation; --
(pl. ‫ ﺑﺴﺎط‬bisāṯ) landing (of staircase); estrade, dais, platform (eg.)
‫ ﺑﺴـﺎط‬bisāṯ pl. -āt, ‫ اﺑﺴـﻄﺔ‬absiṯa, ‫ ﺑﺴـﻂ‬busuṯ carpet, rug| ‫ ﺑﺴـﺎط اﻟﺮﲪـﺔ‬b. ar-
raḥma winding sheet, shroud; ‫ﻣﺴــﺄﻟﺔ )وﺿــﻊ‬ or) ‫ﻃــﺮح ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺑﺴــﺎط اﻟﺒﺤــﺚ‬
(mas‘alata, baḥtan) to raise a question, bring a question on the carpet, also
‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﺴـﺎط اﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸـﺔ‬b. il-munāqaša) for discussion; ‫ ﻃـﻮى اﻟﺒﺴـﺎط ﲟـﺎ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬to bring
the matter to an end, settle it once and for all
‫ ﺑﺴـﻴﻂ‬basīṯ pl. ‫ ﺑﺴـﻄﺎء‬busaṯā’2 simple; plain, uncomplicated; slight, little,
modest, inconsiderable, trivial, trifling; ‫ اﻟﺒﺴـﻴﻂ‬name of a poetical meter; pl.
‫ﺑﺴـﻄﺎء‬ simple souls), ingenuous people|‫اﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺴـﻴﻂ‬ b. al-yadain (pl. ‫ﺑﺴـﻂ‬

busuṯ) generous, openhanded
‫ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬al-basīṯa the earth, the world
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‫ ﺑﺴﺎﺋﻂ‬basā’iṯ2 elements; simple remedies, medicinal plants; basic facts

‫ ﺑﺴﺎﻃﺔ‬basāṯa simplicity, plainness
O ‫ اﺑﺴﻮﻃﺔ‬ubsūṯa pl. ‫ ا ﺳﻴﻂ‬abāsīṯ2 rim, felly (of a wheel)
‫ اﺑﺴﻂ‬absaṯ2 simpler; wider, more extensive
‫ ﺗﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬tabsīṯ simplification
‫ اﻧﺒﺴـﺎط‬inbisāṯ (n. vic. ‫ )ة‬extensity, extensiveness, extension; expansion,
expanse; joy. delight, happiness, gaiety, cheerfulness
‫‘ ﻋﻀﻠﺔ ﺳﻄﺔ‬aḍla bāsiṯa extensor (anat.)
‫ ﻣﺒﺴــﻮط‬mabsūṯ extended, outstretched; spread out; extensive, large,
sizeable; detailed, elaborate (book); cheerful, happy, gay; feeling well, in
good health; (tun.) well-to-do
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ‬munbasiṯ extending, spreading; gay, happy, cheerful; level surface
‫( ﺑﺴﻄﺮﻣﺔ‬Turk.) basṯurma a kind of jerked,
salted meat (eg.)
‫ اﻟﺒﻮﺳﻔﻮر‬al-busfūr the Bosporus
‫ ﺑﺴـﻖ‬basaqa a (‫ ﺑﺴـﻮق‬busūq) to be high, tall, lofty, towering; to excel,
Confidential
surpass (‫ ه‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ ﺳﻖ‬bāiq high, tall, lofty, towering
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻖ‬munbasiq high, tall, lofty, towering
‫( ﺑﺴﻜﻠﻴﺖ‬Fr. bicyclette) biskilēt, baskilēt bicycle
‫( ﺑﺴﻜﻮت‬It. biscotto) baskūt biscuit
‫ ﺑﺴﻜﻮﻳﺖ‬baskawīt biscuit
2‫ ﺑﺴـﻞ‬basula u (‫ ﺑﺴـﺎﻟﺔ‬basāla) to be brave, fearless, intrepid V to scowl,
glower X to be reckless, defy death
‫ ﺑﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬basāla courage, intrepidity
‫ اﺳﺘﺒﺴﺎل‬istibsāl death defiance
‫ ﺑﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬bāsil pl. ‫ ﺑﺴﻼء‬busalā’2, ‫ ﺑﻮاﺳﻞ‬bawāsil2 brave, fearless, intrepid
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﺴﻞ‬mustabsil death-defying, heroic
2 ‫ﺑﺴﻠﺔ‬bisilla peace
‫ ﺑﺴﻢ‬basam i (basm), V and VIII to smile
‫ ﺑﺴﻢ‬basma pl. basamāt smile
‫ ﺑﺴﺎم‬bassām smiling
113
‫ ﻣﺒﺴـﻢ‬mabsim, pl. ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺳـﻢ‬mabāsim2 mouth; mouthpiece, holder (for cigars,

cigarettes, etc.)
‫ اﺑﺘﺴﺎم‬ibtisām and (n. vic.) ‫ اﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬pl. -āt smile
‫ ﺑﺴـﻤﻞ‬basmala to utter the invocation ‫“ ﷽ ـ‬In the name of
God, the Benificent, the Merciful”
‫ ﺑﺴﻤﻞ‬basmala utterance of the above invocation; the invocation itself
‫ ﺑﺴﻴﻨﺔ‬busaina kitty
‫ ﺑﺴﻴﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻰ‬psikolōjī psychological(aI)
‫ ﺑـﺶ‬bašša a (bašš, ‫ ﺑﺸﺎﺷـﺔ‬bašāša) to display a friendly, cheerful, happy
mien; to smile; to be friendly (‫ ل‬to s.o.). give s.o. (‫ )ل‬a smile
‫ ﺑﺸﻮش‬bašūš, baššāš smiling, friendly, cheerful
‫ ﺑﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬bašāša smile; happy mien
‫ ش‬bāšš smiling, happy; friendly, kind
‫ ﺑﺸﺖ‬bušt (Nejd, Baḥr., Ir.) a kind of cloak, = ‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎءة‬abā’a
‫ ﺑﺸﺘﺔ‬bišta (eg.) woolen cloak worn by Egyptian peasants
Confidential
1‫ ﺑﺸـﺮ‬bašar i, bašira a to rejoice, be delighted, be happy (‫ ب‬at s.th.) II to
announce (as good news; ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to bring news (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. of
s.th.); to spread, propagate, preach (‫ ب‬s.th.; a religion, a doctrine)| ‫ﺑﺸﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫(ب‬nafsahū) to indulge in the happy hope that … IV to rejoice (at good
news) X to rejoice, be delighted, be happy (‫ ب‬at s.th., esp. at good news),
welcome, (‫ ب‬s.th.); to take as good omen (‫ ب‬s.th.)| ‫ﺧـﲑا‬ ‫( اﺳﺘﺒﺸـﺮ ﺑـﻪ‬ḳairan) to

regard s.th. as auspicious
‫ ﺑﺸﺮ‬bišr joy
‫ ﺑﺸﺮ‬bušr glad tidings
‫ ﺑﺸﺮى‬bušrā glad tidings, good news
‫ ﺑﺸـﺎرة‬bišāra pl. -āt, ‫ ﺑﺸـﺎﺋﺮ‬bašā’ir2 good news, glad tidings; annunciation,
prophecy; gospel; ‫ ﺑﺸـﺎﺋﺮ‬good omens, propitious signs| ‫اﻟﺒﺸـﺎرة‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪ‬īd al-b. the
Annunciation, the Day of Our Lady (Chr.)
‫ ﺑﺸـﲑ‬bašīr pl. ‫ ﺑﺸـﺮاء‬bušarā’2 bring.r of glad tidings, messenger, herald,
harbinger, forerunner, precursor; evangelist (Chr.)
114
‫ ﺗﺒﺸـﲑ‬tabšīr announcement (of glad tidings); preaching of the Gospel;

evangelization, missionary activity
‫ ﺗﺒﺸﲑي‬tabšīrī missionary
‫ ﺗﺒﺎﺷـﲑ‬tabāšīr2 foretokens, prognostics, omens, first signs or indications,
heralds (fig.); beginnings, dawn| ‫ ﺗﺒﺎﺷـﲑ اﻟﻔﺠـﺮ‬t. al-fajr the first shimmer of
aurora, the first glimpse of dawn
‫ ﻣﺒﺸـﺮ‬mubaššir pl. -āt announcer, messenger (of glad tidings); evangelist
(Chr.); preacher; missionary (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺒﺸﺮ‬mustabšir happy, cheerful
2 ‫ ﺑﺸـﺮ‬bašara u to peel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to scrape off, shave off, scratch off (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to grate, shred (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to touch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be in direct contact (‫ﻫ ـ‬
with s.th.); to have sexual intercourse (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to attend, apply o.s. (‫ب‬
or ‫ ب‬to s.th.), take up, take in hand, pursue, practice, carry out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., job,
a task, etc.)
‫ ﺑﺸﺮ‬bašar man, human being; men, mankind
‫ ﺑﺸـﺮى‬bašarī human; human being; epidermal, skin (adj.)| ‫ﻃﺒﻴـﺐ ﺑﺸــﺮى‬
Confidential
dermatologist
‫ ﺑﺸﺮة‬bašara outer skin, epidermis, cuticle; skin; complexion
‫ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬bašarīya, mankind, human race
‫ ﻣﺒﺸﺮة‬mibšara pl. ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬mabāšir2 scraper, grater
‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺷــﺮة‬mubāšara pursuit, practice; direct, physical cause (Isl. Law);
mubāšaratan immediately, directly
‫ ﻣﺒﺸﻮر‬mabšūr: ‫( ﺟﺒﻨﺔ ﻣﺒﺸﻮرة‬jubna) shredded cheese
‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮ‬mubāšir pl. -ūn direct, immediate; practitioner, pursuer, operator;
director; O manager (Eg.); court usher (Syr.); (mil.) approx.: staff sergeant
(Eg. 1939)|‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫( ﻏﲑ‬iṣābāt) directs
‫ ﺑﺸﺮوش‬bašrūš flamingo
‫ ﺑﺸـﻊ‬baši‘a a (‫ ﺑﺸـﺎﻋﺔ‬bašā‘a) to be ugly, loathsome II to make ugly,
disfigure, distort (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to disparage, run down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to regard as
ugly, find ugly or repugnant (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺑﺸﻊ‬baši‘ ugly; offensive, disgusting, distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant
‫ ﺑﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬bašā‘a ugly; offensive, disgusting, distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant
115
‫ ﺑﺸﺎﻋﺔ‬bašā‘a ugliness
‫ اﺑﺸﻊ‬abša2 uglier; more repulsive
1‫ ﺷﻖ‬look up alphabetically
2‫( ﺑﺸﻘﻪ‬eg.; Turk. baška; invar.) different
‫ ﺑﺸﻚ‬VIII to lie, prevaricate
‫ ﺑﺸﺎك‬baššāk liar
‫ اﺑﺘﺸﺎك‬ibtišāk lie, deceit, trickery
1‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻮر‬baškūr pl. ‫ ﺑﺸﺎﻛﲑ‬bašākīr2 poker, fire iron
2‫ ﺑﺸﻜﲑ‬balkir pl. ‫ ﺑﺸﺎﻛﲑ‬bašākīr2 towel
‫( ﺑﺸﻠﺔ‬It.) bišilla pl. -āt bacillus

‫ ﺑﺸـﻢ‬bašima a (bašam) to feel nauseated, be disgusted (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by s.th.), be fed
up (‫ ﻣﻦ‬with) IV to nauseate, sicken, disgust (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺑﺸﻢ‬bašam surfeit, satiety, loathing, disgust
‫ ﺑﺸﻤﺎر‬bašmār (tun.) lacework, trimmings
Confidential
‫ ﺑﺸﺎﻣﺮى‬bašāmirī (tun.) laceworker, lace-maker
‫ ﺑﺸﻤﻖ‬bašmaq slipper (worn by fuqahā’ and women)
‫ ﺑﺸﻨﺔ‬bašna (magr.) sorghum, millet
‫ ﺑﺸﻨﺲ‬bašan the ninth month of the Coptic calendar
‫ ﺑﺸﻨﻮﻗﺔ‬bašnūqa pl. ‫ ﺑﺸﺎﻧﻴﻖ‬bašānīq2 kerchief tied under the chin (pal.)
‫ ﺑﺸﻨﲔ‬bašnīn lotus
‫ ﺑـﺺ‬baṣṣa i (baṣṣ, ‫ ﺑﺼـﻴﺺ‬basī ) ṣto glow, sparkle, glitter, shine; -- (eg.) u
to look
‫ ﺑﺼﺔ‬baṣṣ embers
‫ ﺑﺼﻴﺺ‬baṣīṣ glow, shine; glimpse, ray (e.g., of hope); lustrous, shining
‫ ﺑﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬baṣā’iṣ lustrous, shining; (eg.) spy, detective
‫ ﺑﺼـﺒﺺ‬baṣbaṣa (‫ ﺑﺼﺒﺼـﺔ‬baṣbaṣa) to wag (‫ ﺑﺬﻧﺒـﻪ‬bi-danabihi its tail); (eg.) to
ogle, make sheep’s eyes, cast amorous glances
‫ ﺑﺼﺨﺔ‬baṣḳa see ‫ﺑﺴﺨﺔ‬
2‫ ﺑﺼـﺮ‬baṣura a (baṣar) to look, see; to realize, understand, comprehend,
grasp (‫ ب‬s.th.) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) understand or realize (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.), make
116
(‫ ه‬s.o.) aware (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬of s.th.); to enlighten (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. on or as to

s.th.); to tell, inform (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. about) IV to see (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
make out, behold, perceive, discern, notice (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), set eyes on ( ‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫)ه‬, catch sight of (‫ ه‬.‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to recognize (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to reflect (‫ ب‬on).
ponder (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to look (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at), regard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to reflect (‫ ﰱ‬on s.th.),
ponder (‫ ﰱ‬s.th.) X to have the faculty of visual perception, be able to see; to
be endowed with reason, be rational, reasonable, intelligent; to reflect (‫ ﰱ‬on
s.th.), ponder (‫ ﰱ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺑﺼـﺮ‬baṣar pl. ‫ اﺑﺼـﺎر‬abṣār vision, eye-sight; glance, look; insight; sight,
discernment, perception|‫اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬ ‫ ﻗﺼـﲑ‬shortsighted, myopic; ‫ ﳌـﺢ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬lamḥ al-
b.glance of the eye; ‫اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬ ‫ دون ﳌـﺢ‬,‫ ﰲ ﳌـﺢ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬,‫( ﻛﻠﻤـﺢ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬dūna), ‫ﰲ اﻗـﻞ ﳌـﺢ‬
‫( اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬aqalIa) in the twinkling of an eye, in a moment, in a flash. instantly;
‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺪى اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬madā) within sight; ‫ ﻟـﻪ ﺑﺼـﺮ ب ﰱ‬is knowledgeable, in, h. is
Confidential
familiar with
‫ ﺑﺼﺮى‬baṣarī optic(al), visual, ocular
‫ ﺑﺼﺮ ت‬baṣarīyāt optics
‫ ﺑﺼﺎرة‬basāra perception, discernment; perspicacity, acuteness of the mind,
sharp-wittedness
‫ ﺑﺼـﲑ‬baṣīr pl. ‫ ﺑﺼـﺮاء‬buṣarā’2 endowed with eyesight; acutely aware (‫ب‬
of), having insight (‫ ب‬into); possessing knowledge or understanding (‫ ب‬of),
discerning, discriminating, versed, knowledgeable, proficient (‫ ب‬in),
acquainted (‫ ب‬with s.th.);
‫ ﺑﺼ ــﲑة‬baṣīra pl. ‫( ﺑﺼــﺎﺋﺮ‬keen) insight, penetration, discernment,
understanding, (power of) mental perception, mental vision|‫ﺑﺼــﲑة‬ ‫ﻋــﻦ‬
deliberately, knowingly; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺑﺼـﲑة ﻣــﻦ‬to have insight into s.th., be
informed about s.th.; ‫ ﻓـﺬ اﻟﺒﺼـﲑة‬discerning, clear-sighted, perspicacious,
sharp-witted; ‫اﻟﺒﺼﲑة‬ ‫ ﻧﻔﺎذ‬nafād al.-b. sharp discernment, perspicacity
‫ اﺑﺼﺮ‬abṣar2 more discerning
‫ ﺗﺒﺼﺮة‬tabṣira enlightenment; instruction, information
117
‫ ﺗﺒﺼــﺮ‬tabaṣṣur reflection, consideration; penetration, clear-sightedness,

perspicacity
‫ ﺻﺮة‬bāṣira pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﺻﺮ‬bawāṣir2 eye
2 ‫ اﻟﺒﺼﺮة‬al-baṣra Basra (port in S Iraq)
‫ ﺑﺼﻖ‬baṣaqa u to spit (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on s.o.)
‫ ﺑﺼﻘﺔ‬baṣqa (n. vic.) expectoration; (expectorated) spit, spittle, saliva
‫ ﺑﺼﺎق‬buṣaq spit, spittle, saliva
‫ ﻣﺒﺼﻘﺔ‬mibṣaqa spittoon, cuspidor
‫ ﺑﺼـﻞ‬baṣal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬onion(s); bulb(s)| ‫ ﺑﺼـﻞ اﻟﻔـﺎر‬b. al-fa’r sea onion
(Scilla verna)
‫ ﺑﺼﻠﻰ‬baṣālī bulbous
‫ ﺑﺼﻴﻠﺔ‬buṣaila pl. -āt, ‫ ﺑﺼﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬b. aš-ša‘r bulb of the hair (anat.)
‫ ﺑﺼـﻢ‬baṣama u (baṣm) to print, imprint (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stamp (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
make, or leave, an imprint (‫ ﻫـ‬on)
‫ ﺑﺼـﻤﺔ‬baṣma pl. baṣamāt imprint, impression| ‫ﺑﺼـﻤﺔ اﳋـﺘﻢ‬b. al-ḳatm stamp
Confidential
imprint, stamp; ‫اﻻﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ ﺑﺼﻮة‬baṣwa embers
‫ ﺑﺾ‬baḍḍ tender-skinned
‫ﺑﺼﻤﺔ‬ fingerprint
‫ ﺑﻀﻊ‬baḍa‘a a (baḍ‘) to cut, slash or slit open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cut up, carve up,
dissect, anatomize ( s.th.); to amputate (surg.) II to cut up, carve up, dissect,
anatomize III to sleep (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a woman) IV to invest capital (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬profitably
in a commercial enterprise V pass. of n; to trade; to shop, make purchase X
to trade
‫ ﺑﻀﻊ‬baḍ‘ amputation
‫ ﺑﻀـﻊ‬biḍ‘ (commonly, with genit. pl. of f. nouns, ‫ ﺑﻀـﻌﺔ‬with genit. pl. of
m. nouns; in classical Arabic ‫ ﺑﻀﻊ‬with both genders) some, a few, several
‫ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ‬biḍ‘a pl. ‫ ﺑﻀﺎﺋﻊ‬baḍā’i‘ piece (of meat); meat; see also biḍ‘ above
‫ ﺑﻀﻊ‬buḍ‘ vulva
‫ ﺑﻀـﺎﻋﺔ‬biḍā‘a pl. ‫ ﺑﻀـﺎﺋﻊ‬baḍā’i2 goods, merchandise, wares, commodities;
that which s.o. has to offer, which he has to &how, with which he is
118
endowed (also attributes, qualities)| ‫اﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ ﻗﻄﺎر‬freight train; ‫اﺧﺮج ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﻀﺎﻋﺔ‬he said what he had intended to say
‫ ﻣﺒﻀﻊ‬mibḍa‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺿﻊ‬mabāḍi‘2 dissecting knife, scalpel
‫ اﺑﻀـﺎع‬ibḍā‘ mandate for the management of affairs (lsl. Law); partnership
in a limited company, capital investment
‫ ﻣﺒﻀﻊ‬mubḍi‘ pl. -ūn limited partner (com.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺒﻀﻊ‬mustabḍi‘ manager, managing agent (Isl. Law)
‫ ﺑﻂ‬baṯṯ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬duck; ‫ ﺑﻄﺔ‬baṯṯa leather flask| ‫ ﺑﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﺎق‬calf (of the leg)
‫ ﺑﻄــﺆ‬baṯu’a u (‫ ﺑــﻂء‬buṯ’, ‫ ﺑﻄــﺎء‬biṯā’, ‫ ﺑﻄــﺎءة‬baṯa’a) to he slow; to he
slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced; to tarry, linger, wait, hesitate II to
retard, slow down, delay, hold up (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ب‬ s.o. in s.th.) IV to slow down,
decelerate, retard, delay, hold up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to he slow, go or drive slowly,
slow down; to be late (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for s.th., in meeting s.o.), keep s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻦ‬waiting V
to be slow, tardy (‫ ﰱ‬in) VI to he slow, leisurely, unhurried; to go, drive, act
Confidential
or proceed slowly, leisurely; to he slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced; to
slow down X to find slow (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to have to wait a long time (‫ه‬
for s.o.), be kept waiting (‫ ه‬by s.o.)
‫ ﺑﻂء‬buṯ’ slowness, tardiness| ‫ ﺑﺒﻂء‬slowly, leisurely, unhurriedly
‫ ﺑﻄـﺊ‬baṯI’ pl. ‫ ﺑﻄـﺎء‬biṯā’ slow, unhurried; slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-
paced; tardy, late; sluggish, lazy; slow, gradual, imperceptible|O ‫ﺑﻄـﻰء اﻟـﱰدد‬
b. at-taraddud of low frequency (el.)
‫ اﺑﻄـﺄ‬abṯa’2 slower| ‫( اﺑﻄـﺄ ﻣــﻦ ﻏـﺮاب ﻧـﻮح‬gurābi nūḥ) tardier than Noah’s
raven, i.e., slower than a ten years’ itch (proverbially of s.o. who ia very
tardy)
‫ اﺑﻄـﺎء‬ibṯā’ slowing down, retardation, deceleration, reduction of speed;
tarrying, delay; slowness| ‫اﺑﻄﺎء‬ ‫ دون‬without delay
‫ ﺗﺒﺎﻃﺆ‬tabātu’ slowness; slowing down, retardation
‫ ﺑﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬baṯṯārīya pl. -āt battery (el. and mil.)
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻃﺎ‬baṯāṯā, ‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻃﺎ‬baṯāṯā sweet potato, yam
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬baṯāṯis potatoes
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬see ‫ﺑﻄﻖ‬
119
‫ ﺑﻄﺒﻂ‬baṯbaṯa (‫ ﺑﻄﺒﻄﺔ‬baṯbaṯa) to quack (duck)

‫ ﺑﻄـﺢ‬baṯaḥa a (baṯḥ) to prostrate, lay low, fell, throw to the ground, throw
down (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.) V and VII to he prostrated, be laid low; to lie
prostrate, sprawl, stretch out; to extend, stretch; to lie
‫ اﺑﻄـﺢ‬abṯaḥ2 flat, level; (pl. ‫ ا ﻃـﺢ‬abāṯiḥ2) basin-shaped valley, wide bed
of a wadi
‫ ﺑﻄﺤـﺎء‬baṯḥā’ pl. ‫ ﺑﻄـﺎح‬biṯāḥ, ‫ ﺑﻄﺤـﺎوات‬baṯḥawāt basin-shaped valley; plain,
level land, flatland, open country; (tun.) public square
‫ ﺑﻄﻴﺤـﺔ‬baṯīḥa pl. ‫ ﺑﻄـﺎﺋﺢ‬baṯā’iḥ wide bed of a stream or wadi; a stagnant,
shallow and broad body of water
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻄﺢ‬munbaṯiḥ prostrate; flat, level; level land, plain
‫ ﺑﻄـﻴﺦ‬biṯṯīḳ, baṯṯīḳ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬melon, water-melon; baṯṯīḳ hub (of a wheel;
syr.)
‫ ﻣﺒﻄﺨﺔ‬mabṯaḳa melon patch
1 ‫ ﺑﻄﺮ‬baṯira a (baṯar) to be wild, wanton, reckless; to be proud, vain; to be
discontented (‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.); to disregard (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to make reckless
Confidential
‫ ﺑﻄﺮ‬baṯar wantonness, cockiness, arrogance, hubris, pride, vanity
‫ ا ﻃﺮة‬abāṯira (pl.) bona vivants, playboys, epicures
2‫ اﻟﺒﻄـﺮاء‬al-baṯrā’ Petra (ancient city of Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins
now in SW Jordan)
‫ ﺑﻄﺮخ‬baṯraḳ pl. ‫ ﺑﻄﺎرخ‬baṯāriḳ2 roe (of fish)
‫ ﺑﻄﺮس‬buṯrus Peter
‫ ﺑﻄﺮﺷﻴﻞ‬baṯrašīl and ‫ ﺑﻄﺮﺷﲔ‬baṯrašīn stole (Chr.)
‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬biṯrīq pl. ‫ ﺑﻄﺎرﻗـﺔ‬baṯāriqa, ‫ ﺑﻄـﺎرﻳﻖ‬baṯārīq2 patrician; Romaean general;
penguin (zool.)
‫ ﺑﻄـﺮك‬baṯrak, ‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻳـﻚ‬baṯrīk, ‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻳـﺮك‬baṯriyark pl. ‫ ﺑﻄﺎرﻛـﺔ‬baṯārika Patriarch (as.
an ecclesiastic title, Chr.)
‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬baṯrakīya, ‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬baṯriyarkīya patriarchate (Chr.)
‫ ﺑﻄـﺶ‬baṯaša i u (baṯš) to attack with violence; to bear down on, fall upon
s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ;)ﰱ‬to knock out (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hit, strike (‫ ب‬s.th.). land with a thud
(‫ ب‬on)
120
‫ ﺑﻄــﺶ‬baṯš strength, power, force, violence; courage, valor, bravery;

oppression, tyranny
‫ ﺑﻄﺸﺔ‬baṯša impact
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻗـﺔ‬biṯāqa pl. –āt, ‫ ﺑﻄـﺎﺋﻖ‬baṯā’iq2 slip (of paper), tag; card, calling card;
ticket; label| ‫رة‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟـﺰ‬calling card; ‫( ﺑﻄﺎﻗـﺔ ﺷﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬šaḳṣīya) and ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳـﻒ‬
identity card; ‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﳌـﻮاد اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴـﺔ‬b. al-mawādd al-gidā’īya, ‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟﺘﻤـﻮﻳﻦ‬food
ration card; ‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﳌﻌﺎﻳﺪة‬b. al-mu‘āyada greeting card
1 ‫ ﺑﻄـﻞ‬baṯala u (buṯl, ‫ ﺑﻄـﻼن‬buṯlān) to be or become null, void, invalid,
false, untenable, vain, futile, worthless; to be abolished, fall into disuse,
become obsolete; to cease, stop, be discontinued; to be inactive. be oat of
work II to thwart, foil, frustrate, make ineffective counteract, neutralize,
nullify, invalidate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to abolish, cancel, annul, suppress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV =
II; to talk idly, prattle; to paralyze, immobilize, hold down, pin down (‫ ه‬the
opponent)
‫ ﺑﻄﻞ‬buṯl nullity; uselessness, futility. vanity; falsity, falseness, untruth
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻟـﺔ‬biṯāla and baṯāla idleness, inactivity; free time, time off, holidays,
Confidential
vacations; unemployment
‫ ﺑﻄﺎل‬baṯṯāl pl. –ūn idle, inactive; unemployed, out of work
‫ ﺑﻄــﻼن‬buṯlān nullity; uselessness, futility, vanity; falsity, untruth;
invalidity
‫ اﺑﻄـﺎل‬ibṯāl thwarting, frustration, invalidation; ruin, destruction; abolition,
cancellation
‫ ﻃــﻞ‬bāṯil nugatory, vain, futile; false, untrue; absurd, groundless,
baseless; worthless; invalid, null, void; deception, lie, falsehood; ‫ ﻟﺒﺎﻃـﻞ‬and
‫ﻃـﻼ‬ bāṯila falsely; futilely, in vain; pl. ‫ا ﻃﻴـﻞ‬ abāṯīl2 vanities, trivialities,
trifles, flimflam, idle talk, prattle
‫ ﻣﺒﻄﻞ‬mubṯil prattler, windbag; liar
‫ ﻣﺒﻄﻞ‬mubṯal nugatory, futile, vain
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﻄﻞ‬mutabaṯṯil unemployed
2 ‫ ﺑﻄﻞ‬baṯula u (‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬baṯāla, ‫ ﺑﻄﻮﻟﺔ‬buṯūla) to be brave, be heroic, be a hero
‫ ﺑﻄـﻞ‬baṯal pl. ‫ اﺑﻄـﺎل‬abṯāl brave, heroic; hero; champion, pioneer; hero,
protagonist (of a narrative, etc.), lead, star (of a play); champion (athlet.)|
‫ ﺑﻄﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬b. Al-‘alam world champion
121
‫ ﺑﻄﻠـﺔ‬baṯala heroine (of a narrative), female lead, star (of a play); woman
champion (athlet..)
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬baṯāla bravery, valor, heroism
‫ ﺑﻄﻮﻟـﺔ‬buṯūla bravery, valor, heroism; leading role, starring role (theater,
‫‘( اﻟﺒﻄﻮﻟـﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴـﺔ‬ālamīya) and ‫ ﺑﻄﻮﻟـﺔ اﻟﻌـﺎﱂ‬b. al-
film); championship (athlet.)|
‘ālam world championship (athlet.); ‫ دور اﻟﺒﻄﻮﻟـﺔ‬the part or role of the hero,
leading role
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻟﺴﺔ‬baṯālisa Ptolemies
‫ ﺑﻄﻢ‬buṯm, buṯūm terebinth (bot.)
1 ‫ ﺑﻄـﻦ‬baṯana u (baṯn, ‫ ﺑﻄـﻮن‬bulan) to he hidden, concealed, to hide; --
baṯuna u (‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻧﺔ‬baṯāna) to be paunchy II to line (‫ ﻫـ‬a garment, ‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with);

to cover the inside (‫ﻫـ‬‫ ب‬of s.th. with), hang, face, fill (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with) IV to
hide, conceal, harbor (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be lined, have a lining (garment); to
penetrate, delve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into), become absorbed, engrossed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in) X to penetrate,

delve (‫ ﻫـ‬into), become absorbed, engrossed (‫ ﻫـ‬in); to try to fathom (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
Confidential
to fathom (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), get to the bottom of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to have profound knowledge (‫ﻫ ـ‬
of s.th.), know thoroughly, know inside out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺑﻄـﻦ‬baṯn pl. ‫ ﺑﻄـﻮن‬buṯūn, ‫ اﺑﻄـﻦ‬abṯun belly, stomach, abdomen; womb;

interior, inside, inner portion; depth| ‫اﻟﻘـﺪم‬
‫ ﺑﻄـﻦ‬b. al-qadam sole of the foot;
‫ ﺑﻄـﻦ اﻟﻜـﻒ‬b. al-kaff palm of the hand; ‫ رﻗـﺺ اﻟـﺒﻄﻦ‬and ‫ رﻗـﺺ اﻟﺒﻄـﻮن‬raqṣ al-b.
belly dance; ‫ﺑﻄـﻦ‬ ‫( ﰱ‬baṯni) in, within, in the midst of; ‫ ﰱ ﺑﻄـﻮن‬inside, within,
in; ‫( وﻟـﺪت ﺑﻄﻨـﺎ واﺣـﺪا‬waladat) she gave birth only once; ‫( ﺑﻄﻨـﺎ ﻟﻈﻬـﺮ‬li-ẓahrin)
upside down
‫ ﺑﻄﲎ‬baṯnī ventral, abdominal
‫ ﺑﻄﻦ‬baṯin paunchy
‫ ﺑﻄﻨﺔ‬biṯna gluttony; overeating, indigestion
‫ ﺑﻄﺎن‬biṯān pl. ‫ اﺑﻄﻨﺔ‬abṯina girth (of a camel)
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻧـﺔ‬biṯāna pl. ‫ ﺑﻄـﺎﺋﻦ‬baṯā’in2 inside, inner side; lining (of a garment);
retinue, suite, entourage| ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ ﰱ‬among, amidst; within
122
‫ ﺑﻄـﲔ‬baṯīn pl. ‫ ﺑﻄـﺎن‬biṯān and ‫ ﻣﺒﻄـﺎن‬mibṯān, paunchy, fat, corpulent, stout;

gluttonous
‫ ﺑﻄﲔ‬buṯain ventricle (of the heart; anat.)
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬baṯṯānīya pl. -āt, ‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻃﲔ‬baṯāṯīn2 cover; blanket; quilt
‫ ﻃـﻦ‬bāṯin pl. ‫ ﺑـﻮاﻃﻦ‬bawāṯin2 inner, interior, inward, inmost, intrinsic;
hidden, secret; ‫اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨـﺔ‬ coastal plain of E Oman; ‫ﻃﻨــﺎ‬ bāṯinan inwardly,
secretly| ‫اﻟﻜﻒ‬ ‫ ﻃﻦ‬b. al-kaff palm of the hand; ‫ ﻃﻦ اﻟﻘﺪم‬b. al-qadam sole of
the foot; ‫ ﰱ ﻃـﻦ اﻻﻣـﺮ‬at bottom, after all, really; ‫ ﺑـﻮاﻃﻦ اﻻﻣـﺮ‬the factors,
circumstances or reasons at the bottom of s.th.; ‫ ﺑـﻮاﻃﻦ اﻻرض‬b. al-arḍ the
secret depths of the earth
‫ ﻃﲏ‬bāṯinī internal| ‫( ﻣﺮض ﻃـﲏ‬maraḍ) internal disease; ‫( اﻟﻄـﺐ اﻟﺒـﺎﻃﲏ‬ṯibb)
internal medicine
‫ اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﻴـﺔ‬al-bāṯinīya name of a school of thought in Islam, characterized by
divining a hidden, secret meaning in the revealed texts
‫ ﻣﺒﻄﻮن‬mabṯūn affected with a gastric or intestinal ailment
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺒﻄﻦ‬mubaṯṯan lined; filled (‫ ب‬with)
2 ‫ ﺑﻄﻦ‬II (tun.) to full (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫( ﻃﺎن‬Span. batán) bāṯān fulling mill
‫ ﻃﻴﺔ‬bāṯiya pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاط‬bawāṯin pitcher, jug
‫ ﺑﻆ‬baẓẓa u to spout, gush out, well out
‫ ﺑﻈﺮ‬baẓr pl. ‫ ﺑﻈﻮر‬buẓur clitoris (anat.)
‫ ﺑﻌﺒﻊ‬bu‘bu‘ pl. ‫ ﺑﻌﺎﺑﻊ‬ba‘ābi‘2 bugaboo, bogey
‫ ﺑﻌـﺚ‬ba‘ata a (ba‘t) to send, send out, dispatah (‫ اﱃ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. or s.th.
to); to forward (‫ب‬ ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); to delegate (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه اﱃ‬s.o. to); to emit
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s. th.); to evoke, arouse, call forth, awaken (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stir up,
provoke, bring on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to revive, resuscitate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to resurrect (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ﻣـﻦ اﳌـﻮت‬ from death); to incite, induce (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.), instigate, (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.th.); to cause (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.; e.g., astonishment)|‫اﳋـﻮف‬ ‫( ﺑﻌـﺚ اﻟﻴـﻪ ﻫـﺰة‬hazzat al-
ḳauf) to scare the wits out of s.o.; ‫ﰲ‬ ‫( ﺑﻌـﺚ روح اﳊﻴـﺎة‬rūḥa l-ḥayāh) to breathe
life into s.th. or s.o., revive s.th. VII to be Bent out, be emitted, be
dispatched, be delegated; to be triggered, be caused, be provoked; to be
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resurrected (‫اﳌـﻮت‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from death); to originate (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬in), come (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), be

caused (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by); to emanate (fragrance); to arise, spring, proceed, develop
(‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), grow out of (‫ ;)ﻣـﻦ‬to set out to do s.th. (with foll. imperf.) VIII to
send, dispatch (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺑﻌﺚ‬ba‘t sending out, emission, dispatching, delegation, etc.; resurrection;
pl. ‫ﺑﻌــﻮث‬ bu‘ūt delegations, deputations|‫اﻟﺒﻌــﺚ‬ ‫ﺣــﺰب‬ ḥizb al-b. approx.:
Renaissance Party, a political party with strong socialist tendencies; ‫ﻳـﻮم‬
‫ اﻟﺒﻌﺚ‬Day of Resurrection (from the dead)
‫ ﺑﻌﺜـﺔ‬ba‘ta pl. ba‘atāt delegation, deputation, mission; expedition; student
exchange; group of exchange students; revival, rebirth, renaissance, rise| ‫ﺑﻌﺜﺔ‬
‫‘( ﻋﺴـﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬askarīya) military mission; ‫ ﺑﻌﺜـﺔ دﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬diplomatic mission; ‫ﺑﻌﺜـﺔ‬
‫( اﺛﺮﻳﺔ‬atarīya) archaeological expedition; ‫ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ‬ra’īs al-b. chief of mission
(dipl.)
‫ ﻋﻮث‬bā‘ūt Easter (Chr.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺒﻌــﺚ‬mab‘at sending, forwarding, dispatch; emission; awakening,
arousal; -- (pl. ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﻋﺚ‬mabā‘it2) cause; factor
‫ ﻋﺚ‬bā‘it pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﻋﺚ‬bawā‘it2 incentive, inducement, motive, spur, reason,
cause, occasion
‫ ﻣﺒﻌــﻮث‬mab‘ūt dispatched, delegated; envoy, delegate; representative,
deputy (in the Ottoman Empire)
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻌﺚ‬munba‘at source, point of origin
‫ ﺑﻌﺜـﺮ‬ba‘tara (‫ ﺑﻌﺜـﺮة‬ba‘tara) to scatter, strew around, fling about (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
disarrange, throw into disorder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to squander, waste, dissipate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) II tabatara pass.
‫ ﻣﺒﻌﺜﺮ‬muba‘tar scattered, widespread
‫ ﺑﻌـﺞ‬ba‘aja a (ba‘j) to slit open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the belly); to groove, dent, notch (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) VII to have indentations or notches; to be bruised, dented, bumpy; to
get battered
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻌﺞ‬munba‘ij notched, indented
‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ba‘uda u (bu'd) to be distant, far away, far off; to keep away, keep
one’s distance (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to go far beyond (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, exceed by far (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to
124
be remote, improbable, unlikely|‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺑـﻪ‬he kept him away from; ‫ﻻ ﻳﺒﻌـﺪ ان‬
it is not unlikely that ... II to remove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to banish, exile, expatriate (‫ه‬
s.o.) III to cause a separation (‫ ﺑﲔ‬between)|‫ ﻋﺪ ﺑﲔ ﻓﻼن وﺑﲔ اﻟﺸﻲء‬to prevent
s.o. from attaining s.th.; ‫( ﻋـﺪ ﺑـﲔ اﺟﻔﺎﻧـﻪ‬ajfānihī) to stare wide-eyed IV to
remove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to eliminate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), do away with
(‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to send away, dismiss (‫ ه‬s.o.); to expatriate, banish, exile (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
exclude, make unlikely, improbable, impossible (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to go or move far
away; to go very far (‫ ﰱ‬in or with s.th.) VI to be separated, lie apart, lie at
some distance from one another; to separate, part company, become
estranged; to move away, go away, withdraw, depart (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to keep
away, keep one’s distance (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to quit, leave, avoid (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to
follow in regular intervals VIII to move or go away; to keep away, withdraw
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to quit, leave, avoid (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to leave out of consideration,
disregard (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) X to single out, set aside (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to think remote,
Confidential
farfetched (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to regard as unlikely (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to disqualify (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺑﻌﺪ‬bu‘d remoteness, farness; (pl. ‫ اﺑﻌﺎد‬ab‘ād) distance; dimension; interval
(mus.)| ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺒﻌـﺪ‬in the distance, far off; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻣﺌـﺔ ﻣـﱰ‬at a
and
distance of 100 meters; ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬and ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬from a distance, from afar; ‫ذو‬
‫ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ اﺑﻌﺎد‬three-dimensional; ‫ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬qiyās al-a. linear measure; ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ اﳍﻤﺔ‬b.
al-himma high aspirations, loftiness of purpose; ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟﺸـﻘﺔ‬b. aš-šiqqa wide
interval, wide gap; ‫اﻟﺼـﻴﺖ‬ ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬b. aṣ-ṣīt renown, fame, celebrity; ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟﺼـﻮت‬b.
aṣ-ṣaut do.; ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬ b. an-naẓar far sightedness, foresight; ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪا‬bu‘dan li
away with ... !
‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ba‘du then, thereupon; afterwards, later, after that, in the following;
‫ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬afterwards, later; ‫ اﻣـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬see 1‫ اﻣـﺎ; ﻫـﻮ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺻـﻐﲑ‬he is only a
still, yet|
small boy, be is still young; ‫( ﱂ ت ﺑﻌﺪ‬ya’ti) he hasn’t come yet
‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ba‘da (prep.) after; in addition to, beside; aside from| ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻛﻮﻧـﻪ‬...
(kaunihī) aside from the fact that he is ... ; ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ ذﻟـﻚ‬afterwards, after that,
later (on); besides, moreover; ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ ذاك‬besides, moreover; ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ ان‬ba‘da an
125
(conj.) after; ‫( اذ‬id), ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ‬and ‫( ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ‬ba‘di) do.; ‫( ﺳﻔﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺳﻔﻪ‬safahun)
the height of stupidity
‫ ﺑﻌﺪﺋﺬ‬ba‘da’idin then, thereafter, thereupon, after that, afterwards
‫ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ‬ba‘īd pl. ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪاء‬bu‘adā’, ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬bu‘ud, ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪان‬ba‘dān, ‫ ﺑﻌـﺎد‬bi‘ād distant, far
away, fur (or from); remote, outlying, out-of-the-way; far-reaching,
extensive; farfetched, improbable, unlikely; unusual, strange, odd, queer;
incompatible, inconsistent (‫ ﻋﻦ‬with)| ‫ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from afar, from a distance; ‫ﻣﻨـﺬ‬
‫ﻋﻬــﺪ ﺑﻌﻴــﺪ‬ (‘ahd) along time ago; ‫ ﺑﻌﻴــﺪ اﻻﺛــﺮ‬b. al-atar of far-reaching
consequence; ‫اﻟﺘـﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ‬remote in time, going way back in history, ancient;
‫ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اﻟﺸـﺄر‬b. aš-ša’w high-minded, bold; ‫ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اﻟﺸـﻘﺔ‬b. aš-šiqqa far apart; ‫ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﻐﻮر‬b. al-gaur deep; unfathomable; ‫ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ اﳌﺪى‬b. al-madā long-distance, long-
range; extensive, far-reaching; ‫ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬ b. an-naẓar farsighted; farseeing;
‫ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اﳌﻨـﺎل‬b. al-manāl hardly attainable, hard to get at; ‫ ذﻫـﺐ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪا‬to go far
away, go to distant land.; ‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ ﺗﻄﻠﻊ اﱃ‬to look off into the distance
‫ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬bu'aida (prep.) shortly after, soon after
Confidential
‫ اﺑﻌــﺪ‬ab‘ad2 pl. ‫ا ﻋــﺪ‬
relative|‫اﻻﺑﻌـﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸـﺮق‬
abā‘d2 farther, remoter, more distant; more
extensive; less likely, more improbable; pl.
(šarq) the Far East; ‫اﻻﺑﻌـﺪ‬

‫ا ﻋــﺪ‬ abā‘d2 very distant
the absent one (used as a

polite periphrasis for s.o. who is being criticized or blamed for s.th.; also
when referring to the 1st and 2nd persons)
‫ اﺑﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬ab‘adīya pl. -āt country estate
‫ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺪ‬tab‘īd banishment
‫ ﺑﻌﺎد‬bi‘ād distance
‫ ﻣﺒﺎﻋﺪة‬mubā‘ada sowing of dissension, estrangement, alienation
‫ اﺑﻌــﺎد‬ib‘ād removal, separation, isolation; elimination; expatriation,
banishment, deportation
‫ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪ‬tabā‘ud interdistance; mutual estrangement
‫ ﻣﺒﻌﺪ‬mub‘ad deported; deportee
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋـﺪ‬mutabā‘id separate| ‫( ﰲ ﻓـﱰات ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋـﺪة‬fatarāt) in wide intervals; ‫ﰲ‬
‫( ﻓﱰات ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬zaman) at infrequent intervals, from time to time
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ‬mustab‘ad improbable, unlikely
126
1 ‫ ﺑﻌﺮ‬ba‘r, ba‘ar, droppings, dung (of animals)

2 ‫ ﺑﻌﲑ‬ba‘īr pl. ‫ اﺑﻌﺮة‬ab‘ira, ‫ ﺑﻌﺮان‬bu‘ran, ‫ ا ﻋﺮ‬abā‘ir2, ‫ ﺑﻌﺎرﻳﻦ‬ba‘ārīn2 camel
‫ ﺑﻌﺰق‬ba‘zaqa (‫ ﺑﻌﺰﻗﺔ‬ba‘zaqa) to scatter, dissipate, squander, waste (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺒﻌﺰق‬muba'ziq squanderer, spendthrift, wastrel
‫ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬II to divide into parts or portions (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be divided, be
divisible
‫ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬ba‘ḍ part, portion; one; some, a few; a little of, some of| ‫ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء‬
b. al-‘ulamā’ one (or Borne) of the scholars; ‫( رﻓﻌﻨـﺎ ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﻢ ﻓـﻮق ﺑﻌـﺾ‬rafa‘na)
we have exalted some of them above the others; ‫اﻟــﺒﻌﺾ—اﻟــﺒﻌﺾ اﻵﺧــﺮ‬
some—some, a few others; ‫ ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀـﺎ‬one another, each other, mutually,

reciprocally; ‫ ﺑﻌﻀـﻪ ﰱ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬one in the other, within one another; ‫ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬
ba‘ḍa š-šai’ to some extent, somewhat, a little, rather; ‫( ﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ اﳌﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬ba‘ḍa
l-m.) he resembled him somewhat, to some extent; ‫( ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻗـﺮن وﺑﻌـﺾ ﻗـﺮن‬qarn)
for the last hundred years and more
Confidential
‫ ﺑﻌﻮض‬ba‘ūḍ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬gnats, mosquitoes
‫ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ‬tab‘īḍ division, partition. portioning
‫ ﺑﻌﻜﻮﻛﺔ‬bu‘kūka club, society
‫ ﺑﻌـﻞ‬ba‘l the god Baal; land or plants thriving on natural water supply; --
(pl. ‫ ﺑﻌﻮل‬bu‘ū, ‫ ﺑﻌﻮﻟﺔ‬bu‘ūla) lord; husband
‫ ﺑﻌﻠﺔ‬ba'w wife
‫ ﺑﻌﻠﻰ‬ba‘l, unirrigated (land. plants)
‫ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ‬ba‘lbakk2 Baalbek (ancient Heliopolis, village in E Lebanon)
‫ ﺑﻐـﺖ‬bagata a (bagt, ‫ ﺑﻐﺘـﺔ‬bagta) to come unexpectedly, descend unawares
(‫ ه‬upon s.o.) III do.; to surprise (. s.o.) VII to be taken by surprise; to be
taken aback, be aghast, he nonplused
‫ ﺑﻐﺘـﺔ‬bagta surprising event, surprise; bagtatan, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﻐﺘـﺔ‬bagtatin all of a
sudden, suddenly, surprisingly
‫ ﻣﺒﺎﻏﺘـﺔ‬mubāgata sudden arrival, surprising incident or event, surprise;
sudden attack, raid
‫ ﺑﻐﺎث‬bugāt pl. ‫ ﺑﻐﺜﺎن‬bigtan small birds
‫ ﺑﻐﺎدة‬see ‫ﺑﻮﻏﺎدة‬
127
‫ ﺑﻐــﺪد‬II tabagdada to swagger, throw one's weight around, be fresh

(properly, to behave like one from Baghdad)
‫ ﺑﻐﺪاد‬bagdād2 Baghdad
‫ ﺑﻐﺪادى‬bagdādī pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺑﻐﺎددة‬bagādida a native of Baghdad
1 ‫ ﺑﻐﺶ‬bagaša a: ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬ ‫( ﺑﻐﺸﺖ‬samā’u) there was a light shower
‫ ﺑﻐﺸﺔ‬bagša light rain shower
2‫ ﺑﻐﺸﺔ‬bugša = ‫ﺑﻘﺸﺔ‬
3‫ ﺑﻐﺎﺷﺔ‬bagāša stuffed pastry made of flour, eggs and butter
‫ ﺑﻐـﺾ‬bagiḍa a, baguḍa u (bugḍ, ‫ ﺑﻐﺎﺿـﺔ‬bagāḍa) to be hated, hateful, odious

II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) hateful (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.) III to loathe, detest, hate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
loathe, detest, hate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to hate each other
‫ ﺑﻐﺾ‬bugḍ, ‫ ﺑﻐﻀﺔ‬bigḍa and ‫ ﺑﻐﻀﺎء‬bagḍā’2 hatred, hate

‫ ﺑﻐﻴﺾ‬bagīḍ, hateful, odious (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), loathsome, abominable
‫ ﺗﺒﺎﻏﺾ‬tabāguḍ mutual hatred
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺒﻐﻮض‬mabgūḍ detested, hateful, odious
‫ ﻣﺒﻐﺾ‬mubgiḍ pl. -ūn hater; -- mubgaḍ detested, hateful, odious
‫ ﺑﻐﻞ‬bagl pl. ‫ ﺑﻐﺎل‬bigāl, ‫ اﺑﻐﺎل‬abgal mule; ‫ ﺑﻐﻠﺔ‬bagla pl. bagalāt female mule|
‫ ﺑﻐﺎل اﻟﻘﻨﻄﺮة‬b. al-qanṯara the piers of the bridge
‫ ﺑﻐﺎل‬baggāl pl. -ūn mule driver, muleteer
‫ ﺑﻐـﻰ‬bagā i (‫ ﺑﻐـﺎء‬bugā’) to seek, desire, covet, seek to attain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), wish
for s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬-- (bagy) to wrong, treat unjustly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) , to oppress (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.o.), commit outrage (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon); to whore, fornicate VII ‫ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻰ‬it is desirable,
necessary; it is proper, appropriate, seemly, it ought to be, should be; with
‫ﻟـﻪ‬: it behooves him, with ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬: he must, he should, he ought to VIII to seek,
desire (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), aspire (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.), strive (‫ ﻫـ‬for)
‫ ﺑﻐﻰ‬bagy infringement, outrage, injustice, wrong
‫ ﺑﻐﻰ‬bagīy pl. ‫ ﺑﻐﺎ‬bagāyā whore, prostitute
‫ ﺑﻐﻴـﺔ‬bugya object of desire, wish, desire, bugyata (prep.) with the aim of,
for the purpose of
‫ ﺑﻐﺎء‬bigā’ prostitution
128
‫ ﺑﻐﺎء‬bugā’ wish(ing), desire, endeavor, effort

‫ ﻣﺒﻐﻰ‬mabgan pl. ‫ ﻣﺒﺎغ‬mabāgin brothel
‫ ﻣﺒﺎغ‬mabāgin coveted things, desiderata, wishes, desires
‫ اﺑﺘﻐﺎء‬ibtigā’ desire, wish; ibtigā’a (prep.) for the purpose of
‫ غ‬bāgin pl. ‫ ﺑﻐـﺎة‬bugāh desiring, coveting, striving; committing outrages,
oppressive, unjust; oppressor, tyrant
‫ ﻣﺒﺘﻐﻰ‬mubtagan aspired goal, aspiration, desire, endeavor, effort
‫ ﺑﻔﺘﺔ‬bafta calico, Indian cotton cloth
‫ ﺑﻔﺘﻴﻚ‬biftēk beefsteak
1 ‫ ﺑﻖ‬baqq (n. un. ‫ )ة‬bedbug, chinch|‫اﻟﺒﻖ‬ ‫ ﺷﺠﺮة‬elm (bol.)
2 ‫ ﺑﻖ‬baqqa u (baqq) to give off in abundance
‫ ﺑﻘﺎق‬baqqāq garrulous, loquacious, chatterbox, prattler
‫ ﺑﻘﺒـﻖ‬baqbaqa (‫ ﺑﻘﺒﻘـﺔ‬baqbaqa) to gurgle, bubble, splutter, purl (water); to
chatter, prattle
‫ ﺑﻘﺒﺎق‬baqbāq garrulous, loquacious, chatterbox, prattler
Confidential
‫ ﺑﻘﺒﻮﻗﺔ‬baqbūqa blister (of the skin)
‫ ﺑﻘﺠﺔ‬buqja pl. ‫ ﺑﻘﺞ‬buqaj bundle, pack, package
‫ ﺑﻘﺪوﻧﺲ‬baqdūnis, baqdūnas parsley
‫ ﺑﻘﺮ‬baqara u to split open, rip open, cut open (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV do.
‫ ﺑﻘﺮ‬baqar (coll.) bovines, cattle; n. un. ‫ ﺑﻘﺮة‬baqara pl. -āt cow
‫ ﺑﻘﺮى‬baqarī bovine, cattle-, cow- (in compounds)
‫ ﺑﻘﺎر‬baqqār pl. ‫ ة‬cowhand, cowboy
‫ ﺑﻘﺲ‬baqs box, boxwood (bot.)
‫ ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺎت‬buqsumāt rusk, zwieback; biscuit
‫ ﺑﻘﺸﺔ‬buqša Yemenite copper coin
‫ ﺑﻘﺸــﻴﺶ‬baqšīš pl. ‫ ﺑﻘﺎﺷــﻴﺶ‬baqāšīš2 present of money; tip, gratuity,
baksheesh
‫ ﺑﻘـﻊ‬II to spot, stain, smudge; (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to become stained, get smudged;
to be spotted, stained
‫ ﺑﻘﻌـﺔ‬buq‘a pl. ‫ ﺑﻘـﻊ‬buqa‘, ‫ ﺑﻘـﺎع‬biqā‘ spot, blot, smudge, stain; place, spot,
site, plot. patch, lot
129
‫ اﺑﻘﻊ‬abqa‘2 spotted, speckled

‫ ﻗﻌﺔ‬bāqi‘a pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﻗﻊ‬bawāqi‘ sly dog, shrewd fellow
‫ ﺑﻘﻞ‬baqala u (baql) to sprout (plant)
‫ ﺑﻘﻞ‬baql (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺑﻘﻮل‬buqūl, ‫ اﺑﻘﺎل‬abqāl herbs, potherbs, greens,
herbaceous plants, specif., legumes| ‫ اﻟﻔﺼـﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﻘﻠﻴـﺔ‬the Leguminosae; ‫اﻟﺒﻘﻠـﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒـﺎردة‬ hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab L.), ‫( اﻟﺒﻘﻠـﺔ اﳊﻤﻘـﺎء‬ḥamqā’) purslane
(bot.), ‫( اﻟﺒﻘﻠـﺔ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴـﺔ‬dahabīya) garden orach (bot.), ‫ﺑﻘﻠـﺔ اﳋﻄـﺎﻃﻴﻒ‬ celandine
(bot.), ‫ ﺑﻘﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻚ‬b. al-malik common fumitory (bot.)
‫ ﺑﻘﺎل‬baqqāl pl. -ūn ‫ ﺑﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬baqqāla greengrocer; grocer
‫ ﺑﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬biqāla the grocery business
‫ ﺑﻘـﻼوة‬baqlāwa, ‫ ﺑﻘـﻼوا‬a kind of Turkish delight, pastry made of puff paste
with honey and almonds or pistachios
‫ ﺑﻘﺎم‬baqqām brazilwood
‫ ﺑﻘـﻲ‬baqiya a (‫ ﺑﻘـﺎء‬baqā’) to remain, stay, continue to be (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in a state or
Confidential
condition); to keep up, maintain (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a state or condition); to be left behind,
be left over; to last, continue, go on; (with foll. imperf. or part.) to continue
to do s.th., keep doing s.th.; to become|‫ﻃﻔـﻼ‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳﺒـﻖ‬ (yabqa ṯiflan) he is no
longer a child II to leave, leave over, leave behind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) stay; to retain, leave unchanged, leave as it is, preserve, maintain, keep
up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to leave, leave over, leave behind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. ‫ه‬ s.o.); to leave
untouched, save, spare (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th., e.g., s.o.’s life) V to remain, stay,
continue to be (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in a state or condition); to be left, be left over X to make
stay, ask to stay, hold back, detain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to spare, save, protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to preserve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to retain, keep (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to store, put away (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﺑﻘﻴـﺔ‬baqīya pl. ‫ ﺑﻘـﺎ‬baqāyā remainder, rest; remnant, residue| ‫ ﺑﻘﻴـﺔ اﻟـﺪول‬b.
ad-duwal the remaining countries, the rest of the countries; ‫اﻟﺒﻘﻴــﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴــﺔ‬
(bāqiya) the last remnant
‫ ﺑﻘ ــﺎء‬baqā’ remaining, staying, lingering, abiding; continuation,
continuance, duration; survival, continuation of existence after life;
immortality, eternal life; existence; permanence|‫اﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬ ‫ دار‬the hereafter
130
‫ اﺑﻘـﻰ‬abqā more lasting. more durable. more permanent; better preserving;

conducive to longer wear. better protecting
‫ اﺑﻘـ ــﺎء‬ibqā’ continuation, retention; maintenance, conservation,
preservation| ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ اﺑﻘﺎء اﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬maintenance of the status quo
‫ اﺳــﺘﺒﻘﺎء‬istibqā’ continuation, retention; maintenance, conservation,
preservation
‫ ق‬bāqin staying; remaining; left; remainder (arith.); lasting, continuing,
permanent, unending; surviving; living on; everlasting, eternal (God)|
‫ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت‬the good works
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﻖ‬mutabaqqin residue, remnant, remainder, rest
‫ ﺑـﻚ‬bē (Eg. pronunciation) pl. ‫ ﺑﻜـﻮات‬bakawāt, ‫ ـﻮات‬bahawāt bey (title of
courtesy; cf. ‫)ﺑﻴﻚ‬
‫ ﺑﻜﻮﻳﺔ‬bekawīya rank of a bey
‫ ﺑﻜﻲء‬bakī’ pl. ‫ ﺑﻜﺎء‬bikā’ having or giving little, sparing (e.g., of words)
‫ ﺑﻜﺎﺳﲔ‬bikāsīn bécassine, snipe (zool.)
Confidential
‫( ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮر‬Fr. baccalauréat) bakālōriyā baccalaureate, bachelor’s degree
‫ ﺑﻜﺎﻟﻮرﻳﻮس‬bakālōriyūs bachelor (academic degree)
‫( ﺑﻜﺒﺎﺷﻰ‬Turk. binbaşı) bimbāšī, bikbāšī major (mil; formerly, Eg.)
‫ ﺑﻜﺖ‬to censure, blame (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺗﺒﻜﻴﺖ‬tabkīt blame, reproach| ‫ ﺗﺒﻜﻴﺖ اﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬remorse
‫ ﺑﻜﺘﲑى‬baktērī bacterial, caused by bacteria
‫ ﺑﻜﺘﲑ‬baktēriyā bacteria
‫ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬bakara u to set out early in the morning, get up early; to come early
(‫ اﱃ‬to), be early (‫ اﱃ‬at) II do.; ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬and ‫ ﺑﻜـﺮ ب‬with foll. verbal noun: to do
s.th. early, prematurely, ahead of its time III to be ahead of s.o. (‫)ه‬,
anticipate, forestall (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = I; VIII to be the first to take (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), be the
first to embark (‫ﻫ ـ‬ on s.th.); to deflower (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a girl): to invent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
create, originate, start (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺑﻜﺮ‬bakr pl. ‫ اﺑﻜﺮ‬abkur, ‫ ﺑﻜﺮان‬bukrān young camel

‫ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬bikr pl. ‫ اﺑﻜـﺎر‬abkār first-born, eldest; firstling: unprecedented, novel,
new; virgin; virginal
131
‫ ﺑﻜﺮى‬bikrī first-born, first

‫ ﺑﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬bikrīya primogeniture
‫ ﺑﻜـﺮة‬bakra and bakara pl. ‫ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬bakar, -āt reel; pulley (mech.); spool, coil;
winch, windlass| ‫ﺑﻜﺮة‬ ‫ ﺧﻴﻂ‬ḳaiṯ b. thread
‫ ﺑﻜـﺮة‬bakra: ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﻜـﺮة اﺑـﻴﻬﻢ‬alā bakrati abīhim, ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﺑﻜـﺮة اﺑـﻴﻬﻢ‬and ‫ﻋـﻦ ﺑﻜـﺮ ﻢ‬
all without exception, all of them, all together; ‫ ﺧﺮﺟـﺖ اﳉﻤـﺎﻫﲑ ﻋـﻦ ﺑﻜﺮ ـﺎ‬the
crowd went forth as one man
‫ ﺑﻜــﺮة‬bukra pl. ‫ ﺑﻜــﺮ‬bukar early morning; ‫ ﺑﻜــﺮة‬bukratan early in the
morning; tomorrow; on the following day, next day
‫ ﺑﻜﲑ‬bakīr coming early; early, premature; precocious
‫ ﺑﻜﻮر‬bakūr and ‫ ﻛﻮر‬bākūr coming early; early, premature; precocious
‫ ﺑﻜــﻮر‬bukūr earliness, prematureness, premature arrival| ‫ﺑﻜــﻮرى ﰱ اﻟﻌــﻮد‬
(‘aud) my early return
‫ ﺑﻜﺎرة‬bakāara virginity
‫ ﺑﻜـﺎرة‬bakkāra pulley (mech.)| ‫( ﺑﻜـﺎرة ﻣﺮﻛﺒـﺔ‬murakkaba) set of pulleys, block
Confidential
and tackle
‫ ﺑﻜﻮرة‬bukūra and ‫ ﺑﻜﻮرﻳﺔ‬bukūrīya primogeniture
‫ ﻛــﻮرة‬bakūra pl. ‫ ﺑـﻮاﻛﲑ‬bawākīr2 firstlings; first results, first fruits;
beginning, rise, dawn; (with foll. genit.) initial, early, first; pl. ‫ﺑـﻮاﻛﲑ‬ first
signs or indications; initial symptoms; heralds, harbingers (fig.)| ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮرة‬

early fruit; ‫اﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻛﻮرة‬the first thing he did was...
‫ اﺑﻜﺮ‬abkar2 rising earlier
‫ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ‬mibkār precocious
‫ اﺑﺘﻜـﺎر‬ibtikār pl. -āt novelty, innovation; creation; invention; origination,
first production; initiative; creativity, originality; pl. ‫اﺑﺘﻜــﺎرات‬ specif.,
creations of fashion, fashion designs
‫ ﻛـﺮ‬bākir early; premature; ‫ ﻛـﺮا‬bākiran in the morning; early (adv.)| ‫ﰱ‬
‫( اﻟﺼﺒﺎح اﻟﺒﺎﻛﺮ‬ṣabāḥ) early in the morning; ‫ اﱃ اﻟﺒﺎﻛﺮ‬till tomorrow
‫ ﻛـﺮة‬bākira pl. ‫ ﺑـﻮاﻛﺮ‬bawākir2 firstlings, first produce, early fruits, early
vegetables; pl. first indications or symptoms, heralds, harbingers
132
‫ ﻣﺒﻜـﺮ‬mubakkir doing early; early;| ‫ ﻣﺒﻜـﺮا‬mubakkiran early in the morning,

early
‫ ﻣﺒﺘﻜـﺮ‬mubtakir creator; creative; inventor; -- mubtakar newly created,
novel, new, original; (pl. -āt) creation, specif., fashion creation,
invention|‫ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮ‬ ‫( ﺛﻮب‬taub) original design, model. dress creation
‫ ﺑﻜﺮج‬bakraj pl. ‫ ﺑﻜﺎرج‬bakārij2 kettle, coffee pot
‫ ﺑﻜﺴﻤﺎط‬,‫ﺑﻜﺴﻤﺎد‬, see ‫ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺎت‬
‫ ﺑﻜﻞ‬II to buckle, buckle up, button up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to fold, cross (‫ ﻫـ‬the arms)
‫ ﺑﻜﻠﺔ‬bukla pl. ‫ ﺑﻜﻞ‬bukal, -āt buckle
‫( ﺑﻜﻼﻩ‬It. baccalá) bakalāh codfish
‫ ﺑﻜﻠﻮرﻳﻮس‬bakalōriyūs bachelor (academic degree)
‫ ﺑﻜـﻢ‬bakima a to be dumb: -- bakuma u to be silent, hold one’s tongue IV
to silence (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to become silent; to become dumb
‫ ﺑﻜﻢ‬bakam dumbness
‫ اﺑﻜﻢ‬abkam2, f. ‫ ﺑﻜﻤﺎء‬bakmā’, pl. ‫ ﺑﻜﻢ‬bukm dumb
Confidential
‫ ﺑﻜﻮات‬and ‫ ﺑﻜﻮﻳﺔ‬see ‫ﺑﻚ‬
‫ ﺑﻜـﻰ‬bakā i (‫ ﺑﻜـﺎء‬bukā’, ‫ ﺑﻜـﻰ‬bukan) to cry, weep (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over); to bemoan,
lament, bewail (‫ ه‬s.o.), mourn (‫ ه‬for) II and IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) cry X to
move (‫ ه‬s.o.) to tears, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) cry
‫ ﺑﻜﺎء‬bakkā’ given to weeping frequently, tearful, lachrymose
‫ ﺣﺎﺋﻂ اﳌﺒﻜﻰ‬ḥā’iṯ al-mabkā the Wailing Wall (in Jerusalem)
‫ ﻛﻴـﺔ‬bākiya pl. ‫ ﺑـﻮاك‬bawākin wailing-woman, hired mourner; (eg.) arch,
arcade
‫ ك‬bākin pl. ‫ ﺑﻜﺎة‬bukāh weeping, crying; weeper, wailer, mourner
‫ ﻣﺒﻚ‬mubkin, mubakkin, causing tears, tearful; sad, lamentable, deplorable
‫ ﺑﻜﲔ‬bikīn Peking
1‫ ﺑـﻞ‬bal (also with foll. ‫ و‬wa-) nay, --rather... ; (and) even; but, however,
yet
2‫ ﺑـﻞ‬balla u (ball) to moisten, wet, make wet (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
‫ ه‬s.o.);--balla i to
recover (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﺮض‬from an illness) II to moisten, wet, make wet (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬
133
s.o.) IV to recover (‫ﻣـﺮض‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from an illness) V and VIII to be moistened, be

wetted; to become wet
‫ ﺑﻞ‬ball moistening, wetting; moisture
‫ ﺑﻞ‬bill recovery, convalescence, recuperation
‫ ﺑﻠـﺔ‬billa moisture, humidity| ‫ ﻣـﺎ زاد اﻟﻄـﲔ ﺑﻠـﺔ‬mā zālda ṯ-ṯīna billatan what
made things even worse ...
‫ ﺑﻞ‬balal moisture, humidity; moistness, dampness, wetness
‫ ﺑﻠﻴﻞ‬balīl a moist, cool wind
‫ ﺑﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬balīla (eg.) dish made of stewed maize and sugar
‫ اﺑﻼل‬iblāl recovery, convalescence, recuperation
‫ ﺑﻞ‬taballul moistness, dampness, humidity
‫ ﻣﺒﻠﻮل‬mablūl, ‫ ﻣﺒﻠﻞ‬muballal, ‫ ﻣﺒﺘﻞ‬mubtall moist, damp, wet
3‫ ﺑﻠﻰ‬billī (from Fr. bille): ‫ﺑﻠﻰ‬ ‫( ﻛﺮﺳﻲ‬kursī) ball bearing
‫ ﺑﻼ‬see 2‫ب‬
‫ ﭙﻻﺗﲔ‬,‫ ﺑﻼﺗﲔ‬blātī., plātīn platinum
Confidential
‫( ﺑﻼج‬Fr. plage) blāž beach
‫ ﺑﻼﺟﺮا‬balagrā pellagra
‫ ﺑﻼرج‬balāraj stork
‫( ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬Fr. plastique) blāstīk plastik
‫ ﺑﻼط‬see ‫ﺑﻠﻂ‬
‫( ﺑﻼك‬Engl. plug) spark plug (ir.)
‫ ﺑﻼﻧﺔ‬,‫ ﺑﻼن‬see ‫ﺑﻠﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﻠﺒﻂ‬balbaṯa to gurgle
1‫ ﺑﻠﺒـﻞ‬balbala to disquiet, make uneasy or restive, stir up, rouse, disturb,
trouble, confuse (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II tabalbala to feel uneasy, be anxious; to be

or become confused, get all mixed up
‫ ﺑﻠﺒﻠـﺔ‬balbala pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﺑـﻞ‬balābil2 anxiety, uneasiness, concern; confusion,
muddle, jumble, chaos
‫ ﺑﻠﺒﺎل‬balbāl anxiety, uneasiness, concern
‫ ﺑﻼﺑﻞ‬balabil2 anxieties, apprehensions
134
‫ ﺗﺒﻠﺒــﻞ‬tabalbul muddle, confusion|‫ ﺑﻠﺒــﻞ اﻻﻟﺴــﻨﺔ‬t. al-alsina confusion of

tongues (at the tower of Babel)
2‫ ﺑﻠﺒﻞ‬bulbul pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﺑﻞ‬balabil2 nightingale
‫ ﺑﻠـﺞ‬balaja u (‫ ﺑﻠـﻮج‬bulūj) to shine; to dawn (morning, aurora); -- balija a

(balaj) to be happy, be glad (‫ ب‬about), be delighted (‫ ب‬at) IV to shine (sun)
V and VII = balaja
‫ اﺑﻠﺞ‬ablaj2 gay, serene, bright, clear, fair, nice, beautiful
‫ اﻧﺒﻼج اﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬inbilāj al-fajr daybreak
‫ ﺑﻠﺠﻴﻜﺎ‬beljīka Belgium
‫ ﺑﻠﺠﻴﻜﻰ‬beljīkī Belgian (adj. and n.)
‫ ﺑﻠﺢ‬balaḥ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬dates (bot.)
‫ ﺑﻠــﺪ‬baluda u (‫ ﺑــﻼدة‬balada) to be stupid, idiotic, dull-witted II to
acclimatize, habituate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., to a country or region) V pass. of II; to
become .tupid, be.otted, lapse into a state of idiocy; to show o.s. from the
stupid side VI to feign stupidity
Confidential
‫ ﺑﻠـﺪ‬balad m. and f., pl. ‫ ﺑـﻼد‬bilād country; town, city; place, community,
‫ ﺑـﻼد‬country; ‫ ﺑﻠـﺪان‬buldān countries| ‫ ﺑـﻼد اﳊـﺒﺶ‬b. al-ḥabaš Ethiopia;
village;
‫ ﺑﻼد اﻟﺼﲔ‬b. aṣ-ṣīn China; ‫ ﺑﻼد اﳍﻨﺪ‬b. al-hind India
‫ ﺑﻠــﺪة‬balda town, city; place, community, village; rural community;
township
‫ ﺑﻠـﺪى‬baladī native, indigenous, home (as opposed to foreign, alien);
(fellow) citizen, compatriot, countryman; a native; communal, municipal|
‫( ﳎﻠﺲ ﺑﻠﺪى‬majlis) city council, local council
‫ ﺑﻠﺪﻳــﺔ‬baladīya pl. -āt township, community, rural community; ward,
district (of a city); municipality, municipal council, local authority
‫ ﺑﻠﻴﺪ‬balīd and ‫ اﺑﻠﺪ‬ablad2 stupid, doltish, dull-witted, idiotic
‫ ﺑﻼدة‬balāda stupidity, silliness
‫ ﺗﺒﻠﺪ‬taballud idiocy, dullness, obtuseness, apathy
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﻠﺪ‬mutaballid besotted, dull, stupid
‫ اﺑﻠﻴﺰ‬look up alphabetically
‫ اﺑﻠﻴﺲ‬pl. ‫ ا ﻟﺴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑﻠﺴﺎن‬ba1asān balsam, balm; balsam tree; black older (bot.)
135
‫ ﺑﻠﺴﻢ‬balsam pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﺳﻢ‬balāsim2 balsam, balm

‫ ﺑﻠﺴﻢ‬balsamī balsamic, balmy
‫ ﺑﻠﺸﻒ‬balšafa to Bolshevize II tabalšafa to be Bolshevized
‫ ﺑﻠﺸﻔﺔ‬balšafa Bolshevization
‫ ﺑﻠﺸﻔﻰ‬bulšifī pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﺷﻔﺔ‬balāšifa Bolshevist(ic); Bolshevik, Bolshevist
‫ ﺑﻠﺸﻔﻴﺔ‬bulšifīya Bolshevism
‫ ﺑﻠﺸﻮن‬balašūn heron (zool.)
1‫ ﺑﻠـﺺ‬balaṣa u (balš) and II to extort wring forcibly (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from s.o. s.th.);
to blackmail (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺑﻠﺺ‬balṣ extortion, blackmail; forcible imposition of taxes
2‫ ﺑﻼص‬ballāṣ pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﻟﻴﺺ‬balālīṣ2 (eg.) earthenware jar
1‫ ﺑﻠﻂ‬II to pave (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., with flagstones or tiles)
‫ ﺑـﻼط‬balāṯ pavement, tiled floor; floor tiles; palace; pl. ‫ اﺑﻠﻄـﺔ‬abliṯa floor
tiles|‫اﳌﻠﻜــﻰ‬ ‫اﻟــﺒﻼط‬ (malakī) the royal court; ‫ﺣــﺪاد اﻟــﺒﻼط‬ ḥidād al-b. court
Confidential
mourning
‫ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ‬balāṯa floor tile; flagstone, slabstone; paving stone
‫ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻂ‬tablīṯ paving, tile-laying
‫ ﻣﺒﻠﻂ‬muballaṯ paved, tiled
2‫ ﺑﻠﻮط‬ballūṯ oak; acorn
3‫ ﺑﻠﻄﺔ‬balta pl. -āt, ‫ ﺑﻠﻂ‬bulaṯ ax
‫ ﺑﻠﻄﺠـﻰ‬balṯajī pl. -īya engineer, sapper, pioneer (mil.); gangster; procurer,

panderer, pimp; sponger, hanger-on, parasite
4‫ ﺑﻠﻄﺔ‬balaṯa balata gum
5‫( ﺑﻠﻄﻮ‬Fr. paletot) balṯō pl. –āt, ‫ ﺑﻼﻃﻰ‬balāṯī paletot, overcoat
6‫ ﺑﻠﻄﻰ‬bulṯī bolti (Tilapia nilotica), a food fish of the Nile
‫ ﺑﻠﻄﻴﻖ‬al-.balṯīq the Baltic countries| ‫ ﲝﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﻄﻴﻖ‬baḥr al-b. the Baltic Sea

‫ ﺑﻠﻮﻇـﺔ‬bālūẓa hand pres.; (eg.) a kind of cream made of cornstarch, lemon
juice and honey, or the like
‫ ﺑﻠـﻊ‬bala‘a and bali‘a a (bal‘) to swallow, swallow up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to gulp
down (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to put up (‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.), swallow, stomach, brook (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)| ‫ﺑﻠﻊ‬
136
‫( رﻳﻘـﻪ‬rīqahū) lit.: to swallow one’s saliva, i.e., to catch one’s breath, take a
little rest, have a break; to restrain o.s., hold back (said of one in a rage) II
and IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) swallow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)| ‫( ﺑﻠﻌـﻪ رﻳﻘـﻪ‬rīqahū) to grant s.o. a
short rest VIII = I
‫ ﺑﻠﻌﺔ‬bal‘a large bite, big gulp
‫ ﺑﻼﻋﺔ‬ballā‘a, ‫ ﺑﻠﻮﻋﺔ‬ballū‘a pl. –āt, ‫ ﺑﻼﻟﻴﻊ‬ba1ālī‘2 sink, drain
‫ ﻟﻮﻋﺔ‬bālū‘a pl. –āt, ‫ ﺑﻮاﻟﻴﻊ‬bawālī‘2 sewer, sink, drain
‫ ﺑﻠﻌﻢ‬bul‘um pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﻋﻢ‬balā‘im2 and ‫ ﺑﻠﻌﻮم‬bul‘ūm pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﻋﻴﻢ‬balā‘īm2 pharynx
(anat.); ‫ ﺑﻠﻌﻮم‬gullet, esophagus (anat.)
1‫ ﺑﻠـﻎ‬balaga u (‫ ﺑﻠـﻮغ‬bulūg) to reach (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), get (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), arrive (‫ﻫ ـ‬
at); to come, amount (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), be worth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬so and so much); to come to s.o.’s
(‫ )ه‬ears; to attain puberty (boy); to ripen, mature (fruit, or the like); to come
of age; to exhaust, wear out (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.); to act (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬upon s.o.), have its effect
(‫ ﻣـﻦ‬on), affect (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.); to go far (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ,‫ ﰱ‬in s.th.), attain a high degree ( ,‫ﰱ‬
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.)| ‫ﺑﻠـﻎ ﺑـﻪ اﱃ‬to make s.o. or s.th. get to or arrive at, lead or take s.o.
or s.th. to, get s.o. or s.th. to the point where, ‫( ﺑﻠـﻎ ﺑـﻪ اﻟـﱰﻧﺢ ان‬tarannuḥ) he
began to reel so violently that ... ; ‫( ﺑﻠـﻎ اﻻﻣـﺮ ﻣﺒﻠـﻎ اﳉـﺪ‬mablaga l-jidd) the
matter became serious; ‫ ﺑﻠـﻎ اﻟﺴـﻴﻞ اﻟـﺰﰉ‬b. s-sailu z-zubā the matter reached a
climax, things came to a head; ‫( ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﺒﻠـﻎ اﻟﺮﺟـﺎل‬mablaga r-rijāl) to be sexually
mature, attain manhood, come of age; ‫( ﺑﻠـﻎ اﺷـﺪﻩ‬ašuddahū) to attain full
maturity, come of age; to reach its climax; ‫( ﺑﻠـﻎ ﰱ اﻟﺸـﻲء ﻣﺒﻠﻐـﺎ‬mablagan) to
attain a high degree of s.th.; ‫ﺣــﲔ ﺑﻠﻐـﺖ ﺑـﺬﻛﺮ ﰐ ﻫـﺬا اﳌﺒﻠــﻎ‬ (ḥīna, dikrayātī,
mablaga) when I had come to this point in my reminiscences; ‫ﻣﺒﻠـﻎ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻨـﻪ ﻛـﻞ‬
(kulla mablagin) to work havoc on s.o.; ‫( ﺑﻠـﻎ ﻣﻨﺘﻬـﺎﻩ‬muntahāhū) to reach its
climax, come to a head II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) reach or attain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take
bring (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to s.o.) see that s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬gets (‫ اﱃ‬to); to convey, transmit,
impart, communicate, report (‫ ﻫـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to inform, notify (‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. of
s.th.), tell, let know (‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. about); to report (‫ ﻋﻦ‬about), give an account of
(‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to inform (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬against s.o.), report, denounce (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.)| ‫ﺑﻠـﻎ رﺳـﺎﻟﺔ‬ to
137
fulfill a mission, ‫ﺳـﻼﻣﻰ‬‫ ﺑﻠﻐـﻪ‬ballighu salāmī give him my best regards! III to
exaggerate (‫ ﰱ‬in s.th.); to overdo. do too long (‫ ﰱ‬s.th.); to go to greatest
lengths, do one’s utmost (‫ ﰱ‬in) IV to make (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) reach or attain
(‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) amount (‫ اﱃ‬to), raise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an amount, a salary, ‫اﱃ‬
to); to inform, notify (‫ ب‬or‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. of s.th.), tell, let know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o.
about); to announce, state, disclose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to inform (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬against s.o.),
report, denounce (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.)|‫ اﺑﻠـﻎ اﻟﺒـﻮﻟﻴﺲ ب‬to report s.th. to the police V to
content o.s., be content (‫ ب‬with); to eke out an existence; to still one’s
hunger (‫ ب‬with), eat (‫ ب‬s.th.): to b. delivered, be transmitted
‫ ﲰﻌـﺎ ﻻ ﺑﻼﻏـﺎ‬sam‘an lā balāgan! may it be heard but not fulfilled, i.e. God
forbid! (used at the mention of s.th. unpleasant)
‫ ﺑﻠﻐـﺔ‬bulga and ‫ ﺑـﻼغ‬balāg sufficiency, competency, adequacy (see also 2
‫ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬below)
‫ ﺑــﻼغ‬balāg pl. -āt communication, information, message, report;
Confidential
announcement, proclamation; communiqué; statement; notification (of the
police)|‫اﺧﲑ‬ ‫ ﺑﻼغ‬ultimatum
‫ ﺑﻠﻴـﻎ‬balīg pl. ‫ ﺑﻠﻐـﺎء‬bulagā’ eloquent; intense, lasting, deep, profound (e.g.,
an impression); serious, grave (e.g., an injury)
‫ ﺑﻠﻮغ‬bulūg reaching, attainment, arrival (at); maturity, legal majority
‫ ﺑﻼﻏـﺔ‬balāga eloquence; art, of good style, art of composition; literature|
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻏﺔ‬ilm al-b. rhetoric
‫ اﺑﻠﻎ‬ablag2 intenser, deeper, more lasting; more serious, graver
‫ ﻣﺒﻠـﻎ‬mablag pl. ‫ ﻣﺒـﺎﻟﻎ‬mabālig2 amount, sum of money; extent, scope,
range; (see also examples under ‫ ﺑﻠـﻎ‬I)| ‫( ﻣﺒﻠـﻎ اﲰـﻰ‬ismī) nominal par; ‫اﳌﺒـﺎﻟﻎ‬
‫اﳌﻮدﻋــﺔ‬ (mūda‘a) the deposits (at a bank); ‫( ﻟﻴﺘﺒــﲔ ﻣﺒﻠــﻎ ﻗــﻮﱃ ﻣــﻦ اﳉــﺪ‬li-
yatabayyana, qaulī, jidd) in order to find, out to what extent my words were
meant seriously
‫ ﺗﺒﻠﻴــﻎ‬tablīg pl. -āt conveyance, transmission, delivery (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.);
information (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬about); report, notification (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬of); communication,
announcement, notice| ‫اﻟﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬ ‫ ﻛﺘﺎب‬credentials
138
‫ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬mubalaga pl. -āt exaggeration

‫ اﺑﻼغ‬iblāg conveyance, transmission
‫ ﻟـﻎ‬bālig extensive, far-reaching; considerable; serious (wound), deep,
profound, violent, vehement (feelings), strong, intense; mature; of age,
legally major
‫ ﻣﺒﻠــﻎ‬muballig bearer (of news), messenger; informer, denouncer;
detective
2‫ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ‬bulga, balga pl. -āt, bulag slipper of yellow leather
‫ ﺑﻠﻐﺎر‬bulgāriyā Bulgaria
‫ ﺑﻠﻐﺎرى‬bugārī Bulgarian (adj. and n.)
‫ ﺑﻠﻐﻢ‬balgam phlegm; (pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﻏﻢ‬balagim2) expectoration, sputum
‫ ﺑﻠﻐﻤﻰ‬balgamī phlegmatic; phlegmy, mucous
‫ ﺑﻠﻒ‬balafa i (balf) to bluff II do.
‫ ﺑﻠﻒ‬balf, ‫ ﺑﻠﻔﺔ‬balfa bluff
‫ اﺑﻠﻖ‬ablaq2 piebald
‫ ﺑﻠﻘﻴﺲ‬bilqīs2 Muslim name of the Queen of Sheba
Confidential
‫ اﻟﺒﻠﻘﺎن‬al-balqān the Balkans
‫ ﺑﻠﻘﺎﱏ‬balqānī Balkan
‫ ﺑﻠﻘﻊ‬balqa‘ and ‫ ﺑﻠﻘﻌﺔ‬balqa‘a pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﻗﻊ‬balāqi‘2 wasteland
‫ ﺑﻠﻚ‬see ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬
‫ ﺑﻠﻜﻮن‬balkōn balcony
1‫ ﺑﻠﻢ‬balam anchovy
2‫ ﺑﻠﻢ‬balam pl. ‫ اﺑﻼم‬ablām sailing barge (ir.)
3‫ ﺑﻠﻢ‬IV to be silent, hold one's tongue

‫ ﺑـﻼن‬ballān bathhouse attendant; name of a plant growing near stagnant
waters
‫ ﺑﻼﻧﺔ‬ballāna female bathhouse attendant; lady's maid
‫ ﺑﻠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬balansiya2 Valencia (region and city in E Spain)
‫ ﺑﻠﲔ‬pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﻟﲔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑﻠـﻪ‬baliha a to be stupid, simple-minded VI to feign foolishness, pretend
to be stupid X to deem (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.) stupid or simple-minded
139
‫ ﺑﻠــﻪ‬balah and ‫ ﺑﻼﻫــﺔ‬balāha stupidity, foolishness, simple-mindedness;

idiocy, imbecility|‫ﻣﺒﻜﺮة‬ ‫( ﺑﻼﻫﺔ‬mubakkira) dementia praecox
‫ ﺑﻠﻪ‬balha let alone, not to speak of, not to mention
‫ اﺑﻠﻪ‬ablah2 stupid, doltish, dull-witted; idiotic
‫ ﺑﻠﻬﺎرﺳﻴﺎ‬bilkarsiyā bilharziasis, schistosomiasis (med.)
‫ ﺑﻠﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬bulahniya abundance, wealth, variety (of earthly possessions)
1‫ ﺑﻠﻬﻮان‬see ‫ﻠﻮان‬
2 ‫ ﺑﻠﻬﻮن‬bulhōn pl. ‫ ﺑﻼﻫﲔ‬balāhīn2 (= ‫اﳍﻮل‬ ‫ اﺑﻮ‬eg.) sphinx

(‫ ﺑﻠﻮ‬and ‫ ﺑﻠﻰ( ﺑﻼ‬balā u (balw, ‫ ﺑﻼء‬balā’) to test, try, put to the test (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., •
s.tb.); to know from long experience (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to afltict (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.); -- ‫ ﺑﻠـﻰ‬baliya
a (‫ ﺑﻠـﻰ‬bilan, ‫ﺑـﻼء‬ balā’) to be or become old, worn, shabby (clothes); to

dwindle away, vanish; to deteriorate, decline, become decrepit; to
disintegrate (a corpse), decay, rot, spoil III to care, be concerned (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫـ‬
about), be mindful (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.o., of s.th.); to pay attention (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to),
Confidential
mind, heed, take into consideration, take into account (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take
notice (‫ ب‬of)|‫ﱃ‬
with me! ‫ﻳﺒـﺎﱃ‬
‫ ﻣـﺎ ا‬mā ubālī, ‫ ﻻ ا ﱃ‬I don’t care! I don’t mind! it's all right
‫( ﻻ‬as a relat. clause) unconcerned, heedless, careless, reckless
IV to try, test, put to the test (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.); to make experienced, harden, inure (‫ه‬
s.o.; said of trials, experiences); to work havoc (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to wear out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) |‫ﺣﺴـﻨﺎ‬
‫( اﺑﻠـﻰ ﺑـﻼء‬balā’an ḥasanan) to stand the test; to prove o.s. brave
(in war) VIII to try, tempt, put to the test (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.); to afflict (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with),
visit (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬on s.o. s.th.); pass. ubtuliya to become or be afflicted (‫ ب‬with,
by), suffer (‫ ب‬from)
‫ ﺑﻠﻰ‬bilan decline, deterioration; decay, putrefaction, decomposition; worn
condition; wear; shabbiness
‫ ﺑﻠـﻲ‬balīy worn, old, shabby, threadbare; decrepit, dilapidated, decaying,
decomposed, rotten
‫ ﺑﻠﻴـﺔ‬balīya pl. ‫ ﺑـﻼ‬balāyā trial, tribulation, visitation, affliction, distress,
misfortune, calamity
140
‫ ﺑــﻼء‬balā’ trial. tribulation, visitation, affliction, distress, misfortune;

scourge, plague; creditable performance, bravery, gallantry, heroic
action|‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫( ﺑﻼء‬ḥasan) favor, blessing, grace (of God); good performance
‫ ﺑﻠـﻮى‬balwā trial; tribulation, visitation, affliction, distress, misfortune,
calamity; necessity, need|‫اﻟﺒﻠـﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻤــﺖ‬ (‘ammat) it has become a general
necessity
‫ ﻣﺒـﺎﻻة‬mubālāh consideration, regard, heed, attention| ‫ﻻ ﻣﺒـﺎﻻة‬lā-mubālāh
indifference, unconcern, carelessness
‫ اﺑﺘﻼء‬ibtilā’ trial, tribulation, affliction, visitation
‫ ل‬bālin old, worn, worn out; shabby, threadbare, ragged, tattered;
decrepit, dilapidated; decayed, rotten; obsolete, antiquated
‫ ﻣﺒﺎل‬mubālin observant, heedful, mindful (‫ ب‬of)| ‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎل ب‬heedless of
‫ ﻣﺒﺘﻠـﻰ‬mubtalan (less correctly ‫ ﻣﺒﺘـﻞ‬mubtalin) afflicted (‫ ب‬with, by),
suffering (‫ ب‬from)
‫ ﺑﻠـﻮر‬II tabalwara to crystalize; to be crystalized; to be covered with
Confidential
crystals
‫ ﺑﻠـﻮر‬ballūr, billaur pl. -āt crystal; crystal glass, flint glass, glass|O ‫ﺑﻠـﻮر‬
‫( ﺻﺨﺮى‬ṣaḳrī) rock crystal, transparent quartz
‫ ﺑﻠـﻮرة‬billaura (n. un.) pl. -āt crystal; crystal glass, flint glass, glass; tube
(radio); crystal, quartz plate (of a detector; radio); (syr., pronounced ballōra)
negative (phot.)
‫ ﺑﻠﻮرى‬ballūrī, billaurī crystalline; crystal (adj.)
‫ ﺑﻠﻮرﻳﺔ‬ballūrīya, billaurīya pl. -āt lense (opt.)
‫ ﻣﺒﻠﻮر‬mubalwar: ‫ ﻓﻮاﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﻠﻮرة‬candied fruits
‫( ﺑﻠﻮز‬Fr. blouse) bəlūz, bəlūza pl. –āt blouse
‫( ﺑﻠـﻮك‬Turk. bölük) bulūk pl. -āt company (mil.; Eg.)| ‫ﺑﻠـﻮك اﻣـﲔ‬b. amīn
(mil.) approx.: quartermaster sergeant (formerly, Eg.)
‫ ﺑﻠﻮن‬ballūn balloon
1 ‫ ﺑﻠﻰ‬balā yes, yes indeed, certainly, surely
2 ‫ ﺑﻠﻰ‬baliya etc., see ‫ﺑﻠﻮ‬
‫( ﺑﻠﻴﺎﺗﺸﻮ‬It. paglaccio) palyatšō clown, buffoon
‫( ﺑﻠﻴﺎردو‬It. bigliardo) bilyardō billiards
141
‫ ﺑﻠﻴﺴﻴﻪ‬bilīsēh plissé, pleating

1 ‫ﺑﻠـﲔ‬ ballīn pl. ‫ﺑﻼﻟـﲔ‬ balālīn2 pallium, liturgical vestment of a bishop
worn over the chasuble (Chr.); monk's robe (Copt.·Chr.)
2 ‫ﺑﻠﻴـﻮن‬ balyūn pl. ‫ﺑﻼﻳـﲔ‬ balayīn (U.S.) billion, (G.B.) milliard; (U.S.)
trillion, (G.B.) billion
‫ ﰈ‬bamm lowest string of a musical instrument
‫ ﲟﺒﺎغ‬bumbāg, ‫ ﲟﺒﺎﻏﺔ‬bumbāga bow tie
‫ ﲟﺒﺎى‬bombāy Bombay
‫ ﻣﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
1 ‫ ﺑﻦ‬V ‫ ﺗﺒﲎ‬to adopt as son (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adopt. embrace (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ اﺑﻦ‬ibn pl. ‫ اﺑﻨﺎء‬abnā’, ‫ ﺑﻨﻮن‬banūn son; descendant. scion; offspring, son (of
a nation or people)| ‫آدم‬ ‫ اﺑـﻦ‬pl. ‫( ﺑﻨـﻮ آدم‬son of Adam) man, human being; ‫اﺑـﻦ‬
‫ آوى‬ibn āwā jackal; ‫ اﺑـﻦ اﻟﺒﻠـﺪ‬ibn a1-balad local inhabitant, native; ‫اﺑﻨـﺎء اﻟﺒﻠـﺪ‬
natives, native population; ‫ اﺑـﻦ اﳊـﺮب‬ibn al-ḥarb warrior; soldier; warlike,
bellicose; ‫ اﺑـﻦ اﻟﺴـﺒﻴﻞ‬wayfarer, wanderer; 50 ‫ اﺑـﻦ ﲬﺴـﲔ ﺳـﻨﺔ‬years old; ‫اﺑـﻦ‬
Confidential
‫ ﺳـﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ibn sā‘atihī temporal, transient, passing; ‫ اﺑـﻦ ﺻـﻠﺒﻪ‬ibn ṣulbihī his own
son; ‫ اﺑﻦ ﻋـﺮس‬ibn ‘irs weasel; ‫ ﺑﻨـﻮ ﻣـﺎء اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء‬banū mā’ as-samā’ the Arsbs; ‫ﺑﻨـﻮ‬
‫ ﺳﻮﻳﻒ‬Beni Suef (city in Egypt, S of Cairo)
‫ اﺑﻨـﺔ‬ibna and ‫ ﺑﻨـﺖ‬bint pl. ‫ ﺑﻨـﺎت‬banāt daughter; ‫ ﺑﻨـﺖ‬girl| ‫ اﺑﻨـﺔ اﻟﻌـﻢ‬i. al-‘amm
(female) cousin; periphrastically for wife: ‫ اﺑﻨـﺔ ﻋﻤـﻚ‬your wife; ‫ ﺑﻨـﺖ اﻟﻔـﻚ‬b.
a1-fikr pl. ‫ﺑﻨـﺎت اﻻﻓﻜـﺎر‬ thought, idea; ‫ ﺑﻨـﺎت اﻻرض‬b. a1-arḍ insects and
worms; ‫ ﺑﻨﺎت ﺑﺌﺲ‬b. bi’s calamities, afflictions; ‫ ﺑﻨﺎت اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‬b. ad-dahr do.; ‫ﺑﻨﺖ‬
‫ اﻟﺸـﻔﻪ‬b. aš-šafa word; ‫ ﺑﻨـﺎت اﻟﺼـﺪر‬b. aṣ-ṣadr worries, fears, anxieties; ‫ﺑﻨـﺎت‬
‫ وردان‬b. wardāna earth worms, rainworms
‫ ﺑﲏ‬bunaiya my little son
‫ ﺑﻨﻮة‬bunuwwa sonship, filiation
‫ ﺑﻨﻮى‬banawi filial
‫ ﺗﱭ‬tabannin adoption (also fig., e.g. of ideas, principles, etc.)
2 ‫ ﺑﻦ‬bunn coffee beans, coffee
142
‫ ﺑﲎ‬bunnī coffee-colored, brown

‫ ﺑﻨـﺎن‬banān finger tips| ‫( ﻳﺸـﺎر ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺑﺒﻨـﺎن‬yušāru lit.: he is pointed at with
fingers, i.e., he is famous man; ‫ﺑﻨﺎﻧﻚ‬ ‫ ا ﻃﻮع‬anā tau‘a banānika I am at your
disposal, I am at your service
‫ ﺑﻨﺎدورة‬banādōra (syr.; from It. pomodoro) tomato(es)
‫ ﺑﻨـﺎرس‬banāris2 Banaras or Benares (the Holy City of the Hindus, in N
India)
‫ ﺑﻨﺒﺎﺷﻰ‬see ‫ﺑﻜﺒﺎﺷﻰ‬
‫ ﺑﻨﺖ‬see 1 ‫ﺑﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﻨﺘﻮ‬bintū napoleon, louis d'or (gold coin of 20 francs)
‫ ﺑﻨﺞ‬II to dope, narcoticize (with banj; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to anesthetize (. s.o.)
‫ ﺑﻨﺞ‬banj henbane (Hyoscyamus niger; bot); an anesthetic, a narcotic
‫ اﻟﺒﻨﺠﺎب‬al-banjāb the Punjab (region, NW Indian subcontinent)
‫ ﺑﻨﺠﺮ‬banjar red beet (eg.)
‫ ﺑﻨﺪ‬band pl. ‫ ﺑﻨﻮد‬bunūd article, clause, paragraph (of a. la.w, contract, etc.);
Confidential
banner; large body of troops
‫ ﺑﻨـﺪر‬bandar pl. ‫ ﺑﻨـﺎدر‬banādir2 seaport; commercial center; district capital
(Eg.); ‫ﺑﻨـﺎدر‬ see also under
(seaport in S Iran)
‫ﺑﻨـﺪﻳﺮة‬ below| ‫ﺑﻨـﺪر ﻋﺒـﺎس‬ ‘abbās Bandar Abbas
‫ ﺑﻨﺪورة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑﻨـﺪق‬bunduq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺑﻨـﺎدق‬banādiq2 hazelnut(s), filberts; hazel,
hazel tree; ‫ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﺔ‬hazelnut, filbert; bullet
‫ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻰ‬bunduqī Venetian sequin
‫ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬bunduqīya pl. ‫ ﺑﻨﺎدق‬banādiq2 rifle, gun| ‫ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ رش‬b. rašš shotgun
‫ اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬al.bunduqīya Venice
‫ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﺎﱏ‬bunduqani pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺑﻨﺎدﻗﺔ‬banādiqa a Venitian
‫ ﺑﻨﺪوق‬bundūq pl. ‫ ﺑﻨﺎدﻳﻖ‬banādīq2 bastard
‫ ﺑﻨﺪورة‬banadōra (syr.; from It. pomodoro) tomatoes
‫ اﲪﺮ ﺑﻨﺪورى‬aḥmar2 banadōrī tomato-red
‫( ﺑﻨﺪول‬Fr. pendule) bandūl pendulum
‫( ﺑﻨﺪﻳﺮة‬Span. bandera) bandēra pl. ‫ ﺑﻨﺎدر‬banadir2 pennon, flag, banner
143
‫ ﺑﻨﻮر‬bannūr (= ‫ ﺑﻠﻮر‬ballūr) glass

‫ ﺑﻨﺰﻫﲑ‬banzahīr bezoar, bezoar stone
‫ ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ‬banzīn, benzīn gasoline, benzine
‫( ﺑﻨﺲ‬Engl.) pence
‫ ﺑﻨﺴﻠﲔ‬benisilīn penicillin
‫( ﺑﻨﺴﻴﻪ‬Fr. pensée) banēh pansy (bot.)
‫ ﺑﻨﺴﻴﻮن‬bansiyōn pl. -āt boardinghouse; boarding school
‫ ﺑﻨﺼﺮ‬binṣir f., pl. ‫ ﺑﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬banāsir2 ring finger
‫ ﺑﻨﻂ‬bunṯ pl. ‫ ﺑﻨﻮط‬bunūṯ point (stock market)
‫ ﺑﻨﻄﻠﻮن‬banṯalūn (from It. pantaloni) pl. –āt trousers, pants
‫ ﺑﻨﻐﺎزى‬bangāzī Bengasi (city in NE Libya, capital of Cyrenaica)
‫ اﻟﺒﻨﻐﺎل‬al-bangāl Bengal (region, NE Indian subcontinent)
‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﺞ‬banafsaj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬violet (bot.)
‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﺠﻰ‬banafsajī violetlike, violetish;
Confidential
violet (adj.)| ‫اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻓﻮق‬or ‫ وراء اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻰ‬ultraviolet
‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ‬banfaš, banafš amethyst (min.)
‫ ﺑﻨﻘﺔ‬binaqa and ‫ ﺑﻨﻴﻘﺔ‬banīqa gore, gusset (of a shirt or garment)
1 ‫ ﺑﻨـﻚ‬bunk root, core, heart, best part| ‫ ﺑﻨـﻚ اﻟﻌﻤـﺮ‬b. al-‘umr the prime of
life, the best years
2‫ ﺑﻨـﻚ‬bank pl. ‫ ﺑﻨـﻮك‬bunūk bank, banking house| ‫ ﺑﻨـﻚ اﻟﺘﺴـﻠﻴﻒ‬credit bank;
‫ ﺑﻨﻚ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ‬deposit bank; ‫ ﺑﻨﻚ اﻟﺪم‬b. ad-dam blood bank; ‫( اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﱃ‬daulī) the
World Bank
3‫ ﻣﺒﻨﻚ‬mubannak stranded
4‫ﻣﺒﻨﻚ‬ ‫ ﳏﻨﻚ‬muḥannak mubannak shrewd, sly, astute

‫( ﺑﻨﻜﻨﻮت‬Engl.) banknōt banknote
‫ ﺑﻨﻮة‬and ‫ ﺑﻨﻮى‬see 1‫ﺑﻦ‬
‫( ﺑﻨﻮار‬Fr. baignoire) banwār baignoire, theater box of the lowest tier
1‫ ﺑـﲎ‬bana i (‫ ﺑﻨـﺎء‬binā’, ‫ ﺑﻨﻴـﺎن‬bunyān) and VIII to build, erect, construct, set
up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to build, establish, rest (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th. on); to consummate the
marriage (‫ ﺎ‬and ‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬with a woman); pass. buniya, ubtuniya to be based, be
144
built, rest (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on)|‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

‫( ﺑـﲎ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬kalimalan) to give a word an indeclinable
ending in (a certain vowel or a vowelless consonant; gram.) V see 1 ‫ﺑﻦ‬
‫ ﺑﻨـﺎء‬binā’ building, construction, erection, setting up; structure (also, e.g.,
of an organism), setup, make-up; (pl. ‫ اﺑﻨﻴــﺔ‬abniya) building, structure,
edifice|‫ اﻋﺎدة اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬i‘ādat al-b. reconstruction; ‫( اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﳊﺮ‬ḥurr) Freemaaonry; ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬binā’an ‘alā according to, in accordance with, on the basis of, by virtue
of, on the strength of; ‫ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا‬accordingly, thus
‫ ﺑﻨــﺎﺋﻰ‬binā’ī constructional, building (used attributively); architectural;
structural
‫ ﺑﻨﻴـﺔ‬binya, bunya pl. ‫ ﺑـﲎ‬binan, bunan structure, setup, make-up; binya
build, frame, physique, physical constitution|‫اﻟﺒﻨﻴــﺔ‬ ‫ﺿــﻌﻴﻒ‬ of delicate
constitution; ‫ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ‬and ‫ ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ‬of sound constitution, healthy; ‫ﻗـﻮي‬

‫ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬qawīy al-b. husky, sturdy
‫ ﺑﻨﺎء‬bannā’ pl. -ūn builder; mason; constructive| ‫(ﺑﻨﺎء ﺣﺮ‬ḥurr) Freemason
Confidential
‫ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬bināya pl. -āt building, structure, edifice
‫ ﺑﻨﻴــﺎن‬bunyān building, construction, erection, setting up; building,
structure, edifice; physique, stature
‫ ﻣﺒـﲎ‬mabnan pl. ‫ ﻣﺒـﺎن‬mabānin building, construction, erection, setting up;
building, structure. edifice; form; foundation, fundament, basis | ‫اﻟـﺮأى واﳌﺒـﲎ‬
(ra’y) content and form
‫ ﺗﱭ‬tabannin see 1 ‫ﺑﻦ‬
‫ ن‬bānin pl. ‫ ﺑﻨﺎة‬bunāh builder
‫ ﻣﺒـﲎ‬mabnīy built, set up. erected; founded, based, resting (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); fixed,
established; indeclinable; ending indeclinably (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in; gram.)
2 ‫( ﭙﱏ‬Engl.) penny
‫( ﺑﻨﻴﻮ‬It. bagno) banyō batb, bathtub
‫ ـﺖ‬bahita a, bahuta u and pass. buhita (baht) to be astonished, amazed,
bewildered, startled, perplexed, flabbergasted, speechless; -- bahita to be or
become pale, fade (color); -- bahata a to astonish, amaze, bewilder, startle,
stagger, flabbergast (‫ ه‬s.o.); (‫ ﺘـﺎن‬buhtān) to slander, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to
145
come or descend unexpectedly (‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to startle, stagger, flabbergast

(‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to surprise, astonish, amaze (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.) VII = I
‫ ﺖ‬buht and ‫ ﺘﺎن‬buhtān slander, false accusation; lie, untruth
‫ ﺘﺔ‬bahta perplexity, amazement, bewilderment, stupefaction
‫ ﻫﺖ‬bāhit pale, pallid, faded (color); perplexed, aghast
‫ ﻣﺒﻬـﻮت‬mabhūt perplexed, astonished, amazed, startled, flabbergasted,
aghast
‫ـﺞ‬ bahija a to be glad, he bappy (‫ ب‬about), he delighted (‫ ب‬at); --
bahuja u to be beautiful, look wonderful IV to gladden, delight, make happy
(‫ ب‬s.o.) VIII to be glad, be happy (‫ ب‬about), be delighted (‫ ب‬at)
‫ ﺠﺔ‬bahja splendor, magnificence, beauty, resplendence; joy, delight| ‫ﺠﺔ‬

‫ اﻻﻧﻈﺎر‬delight of the eyes, welcome sight
‫ ـﺞ‬bahij, ‫ ــﻴﺞ‬bahīj magnificent, splendid, beautiful; happy, joyous;
delightful
‫ ﻣﺒﻬﺠﺔ‬mabhaja a moment of happiness and joy
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺒـﺎﻫﺞ‬mabāhij joys, delights; pleasures, amusements, diversions; splendid
things; splendor, pomp, magnificence
‫ اﺑﺘﻬﺎج‬ibtihāj joy, rejoicing, delight (‫ ب‬at)
‫ ﻣﺒﻬﺞ‬mubhij pleasant, charming, delightful
‫ ﻣﺒﺘﻬﺞ‬mubtahij happy, glad, delighted
‫ ﺪل‬bahdala to insult (‫ ه‬s.o.); to treat contemptuously, meanly (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
expose (‫ ه‬s.o.) to ridicule, make a laughingstock (‫ ه‬of s.o.) II tabahdala
pass. of I
‫ ﺪﻟﺔ‬bahdala insult, affront, abuse, outrage; meanness; triteness, insipidity
‫ ﻣﺒﻬﺪل‬mubahdal maltreated, oppressed, miserable
‫ ﺮ‬bahara a (bahr) and IV to glitter, shine; to dazzle, overwhelm (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬
s.o.’s eyes)| ‫اﻻﺑﺼـﺎر‬ ‫ﺷـﻲء ﻳﺒﻬـﺮ‬a dazzling, overwhelming thing; -- pass. buhira
to be out of breath, to pant VII to be dazzled, blinded; to be smitten with
blindness; to. be out of breath VIII to flaunt, parade, show off, present in a
dazzling light (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﺮ‬bahr deception, dazzlement (‫ ب‬by)
‫ ﺮ‬buhr difficult respiration, labored breathing
146
‫ ﺮ‬bahra (n. vic.) being dazzled, dazzlement

‫ ﺮة‬buhra middle, center| ‫ ﰱ ﺮة‬... amidst
‫ ا ﺮ‬abhar2 more brilliant, more magnificent
‫ ا ﺮ‬abhar2 aorta (anat.)
‫ ﺎر‬bahār pl. -āt spice
‫ اﺑﺘﻬﺎر‬ibtihār dazzling display, show (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ ﻫﺮ‬bāhir dazzling, brilliant, splendid
‫ ﻣﺒﻬﻮر‬mabhūr breathless, out of breath, panting
‫ ـﺮج‬bahraja (‫ ـﺮج‬bahraja) to adorn, deck out, dress up showily; to give a
deceptive brightness (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to glamorize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to reject as false (‫ ه‬a
witness); to fake, counterfeit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II tabahraja to adorn o.s., spruce o.s.
up, dress up; to be fake
‫ ﺮج‬bahraj false, spurious, fake, sham, worthless, bad; counterfeit money;
tinsel, frippery, cheap finery; trash, cheap stuff
‫ ﺮﺟﺔ‬bahraja empty show, hollow pomp
Confidential
‫ ﺮﺟﺎن‬bahrajan tinsel, frippery
‫ ﻣﺒﻬــﺮج‬mubahraj showy, tawdry, gaudy, ornate, ostentatious; trashy,
rubbishy, cheap, inartistic
‫ ﺮﻳﺰ‬bahrīz (eg.) a soup
‫ ـﻆ‬bahaza a (bahz) to oppress weigh down (‫ ه‬s.o.; a load, work), weigh
heavily (‫ ﻫـ‬on s.o.) IV do.
‫ ﻫـﻆ‬bāhiẓ heavy, oppressive, trying; excessive, exorbitant, enormous;
expensive, costly
‫ ـﻖ‬bahaq a kind of lichen (bot.); herpetic eruption, tetter; vitiligo alba, a
mild form of leprosy (med.)
‫ ـﻞ‬bahala a (bahl) to curse (‫ ه‬s.o.) V and VI to curse one another VIII to
supplicate, pray humbly (to God)
‫ ا ﻞ‬abhal savin (Juniperus sabina; bot.)
‫ اﺑﺘﻬﺎل‬ibtihāl supplication, prayer
‫ ﻫﻞ‬bāhil pl. ‫ ﻞ‬buhl, buhhal free, independent
‫ ﻠﻮل‬buhlūl, bahlūl pl. ‫ ﺎﻟﻴﻞ‬bahālīl2 buffoon, jester, clown, fool
147
‫ ﻠـﻮان‬bahlawān pl. -āt, -īya acrobat, tumbler, equilibrist, ropedancer,

tightrope walker
‫ ﻠﻮاﱏ‬bahlawānī acrobatic|‫( ﺣﺮﻛﺎت ﻠﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬ḥarakāt) acrobatics; antics, capers
of a tumbler; ‫ﻠﻮاﱏ‬
‫( ﻃﲑان‬ṯayarān) aerial acrobatics, stunt flying
‫ ـﻢ‬IV to make obscure, dubious, unintelligible (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V and X to be
obscure, ambiguous, unintelligible (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.)
‫ ﻤﺔ‬bahma lamb, sheep
‫ ﻴﻢ‬bahīm pl. ‫ ﻢ‬buhum jet-black
‫ ﻴﻤـﺔ‬bahīma pl. ‫ ـﺎﺋﻢ‬bahā’im beast, animal, quadruped; pl. livestock,
cattle, (large) domestic animals
‫ ﻴﻤﻰ‬bahīmī animal, bestial, brutish
‫ ﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬bahīmīya brutishness, bestiality, brutality
‫ ا ﺎم‬ibhām obscurity; vagueness, ambiguity
‫ ا ﺎم‬ibhām pl. ‫ ا ﻫﻴﻢ‬abāhīm2 thumb; big toe
‫ ﻫﻢ‬bāhim big toe
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﺒﻬﻢ‬mubham obscure, dark, cryptic, doubtful, vague, ambiguous| ‫ﻋـﺪد‬
‫ﻣــﺒﻬﻢ‬ (‘adad) abstract number (math.); O
(anat.); ‫اﳌﺒﻬﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺼــﺐ اﳌــﺒﻬﻢ‬
‫( اﻻﺳﻢ‬ism) the demonstrative pronoun (gram.)
(‘aṣab) the vagus
1(‫ ﻮ( ﺎ‬bahā u, bahuwa u and ‫ ﻰ‬bahiya a (‫ ـﺎء‬bahā’) to be beautiful III
to vie, compete (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬with s.o. in s.th.); to pride o.s. (‫ ب‬on)‫ و‬be proud (‫ب‬
of), boast (‫ ب‬of, ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. of s.th.) VI to compete with one another; to be
proud (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s. (‫ ب‬on)
‫ ﻮ‬bahw pl. ‫ ا ﺎء‬abhā’ hall; parlor, drawing room, reception hall
‫ ﻰ‬bahīy beautiful, magnificent, splendid; brilliant, radiant, shining
‫ ﺎء‬bahā’ beauty, magnificence, splendor; brilliancy
‫ ﺎﺋﻰ‬bahā’ī Bahai (adj.); (pl. -ūn) an adherent of the Bahai sect, a Bahai
‫ ا ﻰ‬abhā more splendid, more brilliant
‫ ﻣﺒﺎﻫﺎة‬mubāhāh and ‫ ﺗﺒﺎﻩ‬tabāhin pride, vainglory, boastfulness
2‫ ﻮات‬see ‫ﺑﻚ‬
148
(‫ء‬ (‫ ﺑـﻮء‬bā’a u to come again, return; to come back (‫ ب‬with s.th.), bring
back, yield, bring in (‫ ب‬s.th.)|‫ ء ﳋﻴﺒـﺔ‬or ‫( ﻟﻔﺸـﻞ‬ḳaiba, fašal) to fail II to
provide accommodations (‫ ل‬and ‫ ه‬for s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬at a place), put up (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ﻫ ـ‬at)| ‫( ﺑـﻮأ ﻣﻜـﺎ‬makānan) to take a place, settle down, live or stay at a place
IV to provide accommodations (‫ ه‬for s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬at a place); to settle down,
reside, live (‫ ب‬at a place) V to settle down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at a place), occupy (‫ﻣﺮﻛـﺰا‬
markazan a place), hold (‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻣـﺎ‬maqāman a position)| ‫( ﺗﺒـﻮأ ﻣﻜـﺎ‬makānan) to
gain ground, become generally accepted; ‫ﺗﺒـﻮأ اﻟﻌـﺮش‬ (‘arš) to ascend the
throne; ‫اﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻮأ‬ (ḥukm) to come to power, take over power
‫ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ‬bī’a pl. -āt (usually pronounced bai’a) pl. -āt residence, domicile, seat;
situation; surroundings, environment, milieu; home, habitat
‫ ﻣﺒﺎءة‬mabā’a place to which s.th. comes; abode, dwelling, habitation
‫ ﺗﺒﻮء‬tabawwu’: ‫ ﺗﺒﻮء اﻟﻌﺮش‬t. al-‘arš accession to the throne
‫ ﺑـﻮب‬II to divide into chapters or sections (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to arrange in groups,
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arrange systematically, class, classify (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ب‬bāb pl. ‫ اﺑـﻮاب‬abwāb, ‫ ﺑﻴﺒــﺎن‬bībān door;; gate; opening, gateway;

entrance; chapter, section, column, rubric; group, class, category; field,
domain (fig.)|‫اﻟﻌـﺎﱃ‬ ‫ اﻟﺒـﺎب‬the Sublime Porte; ‫ب اﳌﻨـﺪب‬ b. al-mandab Bab el
Mandeb (strait between SW Arabia and Africa; geogr.); ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻻﺑـﻮاب‬ near,
imminent; ‫ﺟﺪﻳـﺪا‬ ‫ ﻓـﺘﺢ‬to open up a new way, a new possibility; ‫ﻓـﺘﺢ ب‬

futiḥa bāb ... was (were) begun, ... got under way; ‫( ﻗﻔـﻞ ب اﻟﺸـﻲء‬qafala) to
put an end to s.th., terminate, close s.th.; ‫( ﻣﻦ ب اﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬b. il-faḍl) as a favor;
‫(ﻣـﻦ ب اوﱃ‬aulā) with all the more reason, the more so; ‫ ﰱ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺒـﺎب‬about
this matter, about this; ‫ان‬
‫( ﻣﻦ ب اﻟﻀﺮورة‬b. iḍ-ḍarūra) it is necessary that ... ;
‫( ﻫﺬا ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ب اﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ‬b. iṣ-ṣudfa) that’s no coincidence; ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ب‬or ‫دﺧﻞ‬
‫( ﰲ ب‬with foll. genit.) to belong to, fall under; ‫ ﻓﺮﻳـﺪ ﰲ ﺑـﻪ‬unique of its
kind; ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ ﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ب‬to pursue one's livelihood, earn one’s bread
‫ ﺑﺔ‬bāba pl. -āt kind, sort, class, category
‫ ﺑﻮاب‬bawwāb pl. -ūn doorman, gatekeeper
149
‫ ﺑﻮاﺑﺔ‬biwāba office of gatekeeper

‫ ﺑﻮاﺑﺔ‬bawwāba pl. -āt (large) gate, portal|‫ ﺑﻮاﺑﺔ اﻟﻘﻨﻄﺮة‬b. al-qanṯara lock gate
‫ ﺗﺒﻮﻳـﺐ‬tabwīb division into chapters, sectioning, classification, systematic
arrangement, grouping
‫ ﻣﺒﻮب‬mubawwab arranged in groups, classed, classified
‫ ﺑﻮﺑﻠﲔ‬boblīn poplin
‫( ﺑﻮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬Fr. bobine) bobīna spool, reel
‫ ﺑﻮﻳﺖ‬see ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ ﺑﻮ س‬,‫( ﺑﻮ ﺳﺎ‬It. potasa) būtāsā, būtās potash
‫ ﺑﻮﺗﻘـﺔ‬būtaqa (usually pronounced bautaqa) crucible, melting pot| ‫ﰲ ﺑﻮﺗﻘـﺔ‬
‫( اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬zamān) in the melting pot of time
‫( ﺑﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬Fr. bougie) bužīh pl. -āt spark plug (eg.)
(‫ح‬ (‫ ﺑـﻮح‬bāḥa u (bauḥ) to become known, be revealed, be divulged, leak
out (secret); to reveal, disclose, divulge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th., a secret; ‫ اﱃ‬and ‫ ل‬to
Confidential
s.o.) IV to disclose, reveal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ب‬ s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to release, abandon,
make public property, declare ownerless (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to permit, allow, leave
(s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to justify, warrant (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) X to reveal (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to regard as
public property, as ownerless, as fair game; to deem permissible, lawful (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to hurt (‫ ﺣﺮﻣﺘـﻪ‬ḥurmatahū s.o.’s honor); to take possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of),

appropriate, take as booty (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to seize, confiscate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)|‫دﻣـﻪ‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﺒﺎح‬
(damahū) to proscribe, outlaw s.o.
‫ ﺑﻮح‬bauḥ divulgence, disclosure (of a secret); confession
‫ ﺑﻮح‬būḥ wide, open space; courtyard; hall
‫ ﺣـﺔ‬bāḥa pl. -āt wide, open space; open place, square, plaza; courtyard;
hall
‫ ا ﺣـﺔ‬ibāḥa divulgence, disclosure (of a secret); permission, authorization;
licentiousness
‫ ا ﺣﻰ‬ibāḥī licentious, unrestrained, uninhibited; anarchist; freethinker
‫ ا ﺣﻴﺔ‬ibāḥīya freethinking, libertinism; anarchism
‫ اﺳﺘﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬istibāḥa appropriation, capture, seizure; spoliation, confiscation
150
‫ ﻣﺒــﺎح‬mubāḥ permitted, allowed, permissible; legal, lawful, licit,

legitimate; open to everyone, permitted for all, free; ownerless (1.1. Law);
indifferent (said of actions for which neither reward nor punishment is to be
expected, but which are permissible, pl. ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣـﺎت‬ indifferent, permissible
actions, Isl. Law)
(‫خ‬ (‫ ﺑﻮخ‬bāḳa u to abate, subside, let up, decrease; to die, go out (fire); to
fade, bleach; to spoil, rot (e.g., meat) II to spoil (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺑﻮاخ‬buwāḳ evaporation, exhalation, vapor, steam
‫ ﺗﺒﻮﻳﺦ‬tabwīḳ: ‫ ﺗﺒﻮﻳﺦ اﻟﻨﻜﺘﺔ‬an-nukta the spoiling of the point of a story
‫ ﻳﺦ‬bāyiḳ spoiled, bad; vapid, insipid, stale (also, e.g., of a joke)
‫ ﺑﻮﺧﺎرﺳﺖ‬būḳārest Bucharest
‫( ﺑﻮدرة‬Fr. poudre) būdra powder
‫ ﺑﻮدﻗﺔ‬būdaqa pl. ‫ ﺑﻮادق‬bawādiq2 crucible, melting pot
‫ ﺑﻮذا‬būdā Buddha
‫ ﺑﻮذى‬būdī Buddhistic; Buddhist
Confidential
‫ ﺑﻮذﻳﺔ‬būdīya Buddhism
(‫ر‬ (‫ ﺑـﻮر‬bāra u (baur, ‫ ﺑـﻮار‬bawār) to perish; to lie fallow, be uncultivated
(land); to be futile, unsuccessful, unprofitable, lead to nothing (work); to be
unsalable, be dead stock (merchandise)|‫اﻟﺒﻨـﺎت‬ ‫رت‬ (bint) the girl could not
get a husband II to let lie fallow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬land); to make unprofitable, useless (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) IV to destroy
‫ ﺑـﻮر‬būr uncultivated, fallow| ‫( ارض ﺑـﻮر‬arḍ), pl. ‫( اراض ﺑـﻮر‬arāḍin) fallow
land, wasteland
‫ ﺑﻮار‬bawār perdition, ruin| ‫ دار اﻟﺒﻮار‬hell
‫ ﺋﺮ‬bā’ir uncultivated, fallow (land)
‫ ﺑﻮراﱏ‬baurānī (eg.) a vegetable stew
‫ ﺑﻮر ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬būr sa‘īd Port Said (seaport in NE Egypt)
‫ ﺑﻮر ﺳﻮدان‬būr sūdān Port Sudan (seaport in NE Sudan)
‫ ﺑﻮرﺗﻮرﻳﻜﻮ‬burturīkū Puerto Rico
‫ ﺑﻮرﺗﻐﺎل‬burtugāl Portugal
‫ ﺑﻮرﺻﺔ‬būrṣa pl. -āt stock exhange
151
‫ ﺑﻮر ﻓﺆاد‬Port Fuad (seaport in NE Egypt, opposite Port Said)

‫ ﺑﻮرق‬bauraq borax
‫ ﺑﻮرﻣﺎ‬burma Burma
1 ‫( ﺑﻮرى‬Turk. boru) būrī trumpet, bugle
‫ ﺑﻮروﺟﻰ‬biūjī pl. -īya trumpeter, bugler
2 ‫ ﺑﻮرى‬būrī (pl. ‫ ﺑﻮارى‬bawārī) striped mullet (Mugil cephalus; zool.)
3 ‫( ﺑﻮرﻳﻪ‬Fr.) būrēh purée
1 ‫ ﺑﻮز‬II to pout, sulk, look glum, sullen
‫ ﺑﻮز‬būz pl. ‫ اﺑﻮاز‬abwāz muzzle, snout
‫ ﺗﺒﻮﻳﺰة‬tabwīza sullen mien
‫ ﻣﺒﻮز‬mubawwaz sullen, glum
2 ‫ ﺑﻮز‬būz, ‫ ﺑﻮزة‬bum ice cream
3 ‫ﺑﻮزة‬būza a beerlike beverage
4 ‫ ز‬bāz pl. ‫ اﺑﻮاز‬abwāz, ‫ ﺑﻴﺰان‬bīzān falcon
Confidential
1‫ ﺑﻮس‬būs bus
2‫س‬ ((‫ ﺑﻮس‬bāsa u (baus) to kiss (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ ﺑﻮﺳﺔ‬bausa, būsa kiss
‫( ﺑﻮﺳﺘﻮ‬It. busto) bustū corset
‫ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﺔ‬,‫( ﺑﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬It. posta) busṯa, busta post, mail
‫ اﻟﺒﻮﺳﻔﻮر‬al-busfūr the Bosporus
‫ش )ﺑﻮش‬ ) bāša u (bauš) to be boisterous, shout, roar (crowd) II do.
‫ ﺑﻮش‬bauš pl. ‫ او ش‬aubāš (for ‫ )اﺑﻮاش‬mob. rabble

1‫ ﺑﻮص‬būṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬reed
‫ ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‬būṣa pl. -āt inch

2‫ ﺑﻮص‬būṣ pl. ‫ اﺑﻮاص‬abwāṣ, linen or silk fabric
‫( ﺑﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬It. bussola) bōṣla compass

‫ ﺑﻮﻃﺔ‬būṯa crucible, melting pot
‫ ﺑﻮﻇﺔ‬būẓa a beerlike beverage
152
1‫ ﺑـﻮع‬bū‘ metatarsal bone (anat.)|‫اﻟﺒـﻮع‬ ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻌـﺮف اﻟﻜـﻮع ﻣـﻦ‬h‫ ث‬wouldn’t know

his knee from his elbow (proverbially, of a stupid person)
2‫ ع‬bā‘ pl. ‫ اﺑـﻮاع‬abwā‘ the span of the outspread arms, fathom; in Eg.
today = 4 ḍirā‘ mi‘mārīya = 3 m| ‫ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ اﻟﺒـﺎع‬mighty, powerful; capable, able;
knowledgeable; generous, liberal; ‫ ﻗﺼـﲑ اﻟﺒـﺎع‬powerless, helpless, impotent,
weak, incapable; niggardly, stingy; ‫ ﻗﺼــﲑ اﻟﺒــﺎع‬impotence, weakness;
incapability (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of); ‫واﻟﺬراع‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺎع‬ with might and main
1‫ ﺑﻮغ‬II to surprise
1‫ ﻏﺔ‬bāga celluloid; tortoise shell
‫ ﺑﻮﻏﺎدة‬būgāda and ‫ ﺑﻮﻏﺎﺿﺔ‬būgāḍa potash, lye

‫ ﺑﻮﻏــﺎز‬būgāz pl. ‫ ﺑ ـﻮاﻏﻴﺰ‬bawāgīiz2 strait(s); harbor| ‫ﺑﻮﻏــﺎز اﻟــﺪردﻧﻴﻞ‬the
Dardanelles
‫( ﺑﻮﻓﻴﻪ‬Fr. buffet) būfēh buffet; bar; sideboard
‫ ﺑﻮق‬II to blow the trumpet
‫ ﺑــﻮق‬būq pl. -āt, ‫ اﺑـﻮاق‬abwāq trumpet, bugle; fanfare; horn (of an
Confidential
automobile, of a gramophone); acoustic signaling device; megaphone;
mouthpiece, spokesman; duplicity, treachery, betrayal| ‫اﻟﺼـﻮت‬
or ‫اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ‬
‫ ﺑـﻮق‬b. aṣ-ṣaut
‫ ﺑﻮق‬loudspeaker (radio); O ‫( ﺑﻮق رﲪﻰ‬raḥimi) oviduct, Fallopian tube
(anat.)
‫ ﺑﻮاق‬bawwāq trumpeter, bugler
‫ ﻗﺔ‬bāqa bundle; bunch of flowers, nosegay, bouquet
‫ ﺋﻘﺔ‬bā’iqa pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﺋﻖ‬bawā’iq2 misfortune, calamity
‫ ﺑﻮﻗﺎل‬būqāl, ‫ ﺑﻮﻗﺎﻟﺔ‬būqala pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﻗﻴﻞ‬bawāqīl2 vessel without handles, mug
‫ ﺑﻮﻛﺴﻔﻮرد‬boksəford patrol wagon, paddy wagon, Black Maria
‫( ﺑﻮﻛﺴﻜﺎف‬Engl.) bokəkāf box calf
1(‫ل‬ (‫ﺑـﻮل‬ bāl u (baul) and V to make water, urinate IV to be diuretic X
to cause to urinate
‫ ﺑـﻮل‬baul pl. ‫ اﺑـﻮال‬abwāl urine| ‫ ﻣـﺮض اﻟﺒـﻮل اﻟﺴـﻜﺮى‬maraḍ al-b. as-sukarī
diabetes
153
‫ ﺑﻮﱃ‬baulī uric, urinary, urinous| ‫ اﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬the urinary passages; ‫اﻻﻣﺮاض‬

‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴـﺔ‬ diseases of the kidney and urinary bladder; ‫ﺗﺴـﻤﻢ ﺑـﻮﱃ‬ (tasammum)
uremia (med.)
‫ ﺑﻴﻠــﺔ‬bīla: O ‫( ﺑﻴﻠــﺔ آﺣﺎﻧﻴــﺔ‬āḥīnīya) albuminuria; O ‫( ﺑﻴﻠــﺔ دﻣﻮﻳــﺔ‬damawīya)
hematuria (med.)
‫ ﺑﻮاﻟﺔ‬bawwāla public lavatory
‫ ﻣﺒﻮﻟـﺔ‬mabwala pl. ‫ ﻣﺒـﺎول‬mabāwil2 urinal; a diuretic; -- mibwala chamber
pot; toilet, water closet
‫ اﺳﺘﺒﻮال‬istibwāl: O ‫ اﺳﺘﺒﻮال‬ist. ad-dam uremia (med.)
2 ‫ل‬ bāl state, condition; heart, mind; notice, regard, attention|‫ل‬ ‫ذو‬
significant, notable, considerable, important, serious, grave; ‫ ﻓـﺮاغ اﻟﺒـﺎل‬farāg
al-b. leisure;‫ ﻣﺸـﻐﻮل اﻟﺒـﺎل‬anxious, uneasy, concerned, worried.; ‫ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ اﻟﺒـﺎل‬
long-suffering, patient; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻟـﻪ‬... (with verb) why is it that he (it) ... ? why ...
? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ‬how about you? what do you think? ‫ ﺧﻼ ﻟﻪ‬ḳalā bāluhū his mind is
at rest, he has no worries; ‫ ﺧﻄـﺮ ﺑﺒﺎﻟـﻪ‬it occurred to him, it came to his mind;
Confidential
‫ ﺟﻌـﻞ( ﻟـﻪ اﱃ )ل‬،‫( )اﻋﻄـﻰ )اﻟﻘـﻰ‬a‘ṯā, alqā, ja‘ala) to turn one’s mind to, give
one’s attention to, pay attention to, take into account, be mindful of, bear in
mind, heed s.th.; ‫ ﱂ ﻳﻠـﻖ ﻟﻘـﻮﱃ ﻻ‬lam yulqi li-qaulī bālan he didn't pay any
attention to what I said; ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻻ‬yaqillu) no less significant than this
3‫ ﺑﻮل‬būl postage stamp
4‫ ل‬bāl whale (zool.)
5‫ ﻟﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑﻮﻻد‬būlād (= ‫ )ﻓﻮﻻذ‬steel
‫ ﺑﻮﻟﺼﺔ‬see ‫ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﺔ‬
‫ ﺑﻮﻻق‬būlāq2 a district of Cairo
‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻨﺪة‬bōlanda Poland
‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻨﺪى‬bōlandī Polish; (pl. -ūn) Pole
‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻮ‬bōlō polo
‫( ﺑﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎ‬It. Polonia) būlūniya Poland
‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻮﱐ‬būlūnī Polish; Pole
154
1‫( ﺑــﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬Fr. police) būlīs police|‫اﻵداب‬ ‫ﺑـﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬ vice squad; ‫اﻟﺒـﻮﻟﻴﺲ اﳉﻨــﺎﺋﻰ‬
(jinā’ī) criminal police; ‫( اﻟﺒـﻮﻟﻴﺲ اﳊـﺮﰉ‬ḥarbī) military police; ‫اﻟﺒـﻮﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﺴـﺮى‬
(sirrī) secret police; ‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺲ اﳌﺮور‬traffic police
‫ رواﻳﺔ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬riwāya būlīsīya detective story
2‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴـﺔ‬and ‫( ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺼـﺔ‬Fr. police) būlīsā, būlīṣa pl. ‫ﺑـﻮاﻟﺺ‬ bawāliṣ2, ‫ﺑـﻮاﻟﺲ‬
bawālis2 certificate of insurance, policy|‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴــﺔ اﻟﺸــﺤﻦ‬b. aš-šaḥn bill of
lading
‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﻔﻴﺎ‬būlīfiyā Bolivia
‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﻔﻰ‬būlīfī Bolivian
O ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ داء‬dā’ al-baulīnā uremia
‫ ﺑﻮم‬būm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﺑﻮام‬abwām owl
1‫ ﺑﻮن‬baun, būn interval, distance; difference
2‫ ن‬coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬ben tree (Moringa; bot.; horse-radish tree (Moringa

oleifera; bot.); Egyptian willow (Salix aegyptiaca L.; bot.)
Confidential
‫ ﺑﻮﻧﺴﺎﻳﺮس‬Buenos Aires
‫( ﺑﻮﱏ‬Engl.) bōnī pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﱏ‬bawānī pony
‫ ﻩ‬bāh coitus; sexual potency; sexuality
‫( ﺑﻮﻫﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬Engl.) bōhīmiyā Bohemia
‫ ﺑﻮﻫﻴﻤﻲ‬bōhēmī Bohemian (adj. and n.)
‫ ﺑﻮﻫﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬bōhēmīya Bohemianism, Bohemian life
‫ ﺑﺆوﻧﺔ‬ba’ūna the tenth month of the Coptic
year
‫( ﺑﻮﻳﺔ‬Turk. boya) bōya paint; shoe polish
‫ ﺑﻮ ﺟﻰ‬,‫( ﺑﻮﳚﻰ‬eg.) boyagī house painter, painter; shoeshine, bootblack
‫ ﺑﻴﺔ‬bayya = ‫ ﻳﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ‬see ‫ﺑﻮء‬
‫ ﺑﻴﺎدة‬biyāda infantry (Eg.)
‫ ﺑﻴﺎدى‬biyādī infantryman, foot soldier
‫ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻮ‬,‫ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬,‫ﺑﻴﺎن‬ biyān, biyāna, biyānō pl. ‫ت‬ ‫ ﺑﻴﺎ‬biyānāt piano
1‫ ﺑﻴﺐ‬bīb pipe, tube; feed pipe, spout (of a reservoir or tank)
155
2‫ ﺑﻴﺒﺔ‬bība (Western) smoking pipe
(‫ت‬ (‫ﺑﻴــﺖ‬ bāta i (‫ ﻣﺒﻴــﺖ‬mabīt) to pass or spend the night; to stay

overnight; to become; to be (‫ ﰱ‬in a situation); with foll. imperf.: to get into a
situation. Get to the point where; to continue to do s.th., go on or keep doing
s.th., stick to s.th. II to brood (by night; ‫ ﻫ ـ‬about s.th.); to contrive, hatch (‫ﻫ ـ‬
an evil plan, ‫ ل‬against s.o.), plot (‫ ل‬against s.o.); to put up for the night (‫ه‬
s.o.)|‫اﻟﺼـﻒ‬ ‫( ﺑﻴـﺖ ﰱ‬ṣaff; eg.) to flunk, fail promotion (pupil) IV to put up for
the night (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺑﻴـﺖ‬bait pl. ‫ ﺑﻴـﻮت‬buyūt, ‫ ﺑﻴـﻮ ت‬buyūtāt house, building; tent (of nomads);
room; apartment, flat; (garden) bed; family; case, box, covering, sheath; pl.
‫ ﺑﻴـﻮ ت‬large, respectable houses; respectable families; (pl. ‫ اﺑﻴـﺎت‬abyāt) verse|
‫ ﺑﻴـﺖ اﻻﺑـﺮة‬b. al-ibra (navigator’s) compass; ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ‬ahl al-b. family, specif.,
the family of the Prophet; ‫ اﻫــﻞ اﻟﺒﻴــﻮ ت‬people from good, respectable
families; ‫ﺑﻴـﻮ ت ﲡﺎرﻳـﺔ‬ (tijārīya) commercial houses; ‫اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ اﳊـﺮام‬ (ḥaram) the
Confidential
Kaaba; ‫ ﺑﻴﺖ اﳋﻼء‬b. al-ḳalā’ and ‫ ﺑﻴﺖ اﻻدب‬b. al-adab toilet, water closet; ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ اﻟـﺪاء‬origin or seat of the disease; ‫( ﺑﻴـﺖ رﻳﻔـﻰ‬rīfī) country house; ‫ﺑﻴـﺖ اﻟﻘﺼـﻴﺪة‬
and ‫( ﺑﻴــﺖ اﻟﻘﺼــﻴﺪ‬the essential, principal verse of the kasidah, i.e.) the
quintessence; the gist, the essential, the hit of s.th.; s.th. that stands out from
the rest, the right thing; ‫ﳊـﻢ‬ ‫ ﺑﻴـﺖ‬baitalaḥm2 Bethlehem; ‫ اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ اﳌﻠـﻚ‬the ruling
house; ‫ ﺑﻴـﺖ اﳌـﺎل‬treasure house; fisc, treasury, exchequer (Isl. Law); (Tun.)
administration of vacant Muslim states
‫ ﺑﻴـﱴ‬baitī domestic, private, home, of the house, house- (in compounds);
domesticated (animals); home made
‫ ﺑﻮﻳﺖ‬buwait pl. -āt small house; small tent
‫ ﺑﻴـﺎت‬bayyāt pl. -ūn and ‫ ﺑﻴﺎﺗـﺔ‬bayyāta boarder (student); (pl. -ūn) pupil of a
boarding school (tun.)
‫ ﺑﻴﻮت‬bayyūt stale, old
‫ ﻣﺒﻴﺖ‬mabīt overnight stop, overnight stay; shelter for the night
‫ ﺋﺖ‬bā’it stale, old; (eg.) not promoted, ‫( ﰱ اﻟﺼﻒ‬ṣaff) in school
‫ ﻣﺒﻴﺖ‬mubayyit plotter, schemer, intrigant
‫ ﺑﻴﺠﺎﻣﺎ‬bījāmā and ‫ ﺑﻴﺠﺎﻣﺔ‬bījāma pajama
156
1(‫د‬ (‫ ﺑﻴـﺪ‬bāda i to perish, die, pass away, become extinct IV to destroy,

exterminate, extirpate (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﺑﻴـﺪ ان‬baida anna although, whereas; (esp., introducing a sentence:) yet,
however, but, ... though
‫ ﺑﻴﺪاء‬baidā’2 pl. ‫ ﺑﻴﺪ‬bīd, ‫ ﺑﻴﺪاوات‬baidawāt desert, steppe, wilderness
‫ ا دة‬ibāda annihilation, extermination, eradication, extirpation
‫ ﺋﺪ‬bā’id passing, transitory, temporal; past, bygone
‫ ﻣﺒﻴـﺪ‬mubīd destructive, annihilative; (pl. -āt) means of extermination|
‫( ﻣﺒﻴﺪات ﺣﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ḥašarīya) insecticides
2 ‫ ﺑﻴﺎدة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑﻴﺪر‬baidar pl. ‫ ﺑﻴﺎدر‬bayādir2 threshing floor
‫ ﺑﻴﺪق‬baidaq (and ‫ )ﺑﻴﺬق‬pl. ‫ ﺑﻴﺎدق‬bayādiq2 pawn (in chess)
‫ ﺑﻴﺬﳒﺎن‬see ‫ ذﳒﺎن‬alphabetically
1 ‫ ﺑﻴﺎرة‬bayyāra pl. -āt (pal.) irrigation wheel; plantation
Confidential
2‫ﺑﲑة‬ ,‫( ﺑﲑا‬It. birra) bīrā, bīra beer|‫ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﺒﲑا‬maṣna‘ al-b. brewery
‫ ﺑﲑق‬bairaq pl. ‫ ﻳﺮق‬bayāriq2 flag, banner, standard
‫ ﺑﲑﻗﺪار‬bairaqdār color-bearer, standard-bearer
‫( ﺟﺒﺎل اﻟﺒﲑﻧﻴﻪ‬Fr. Pyrénées) jibāl al-bīrinēh the Pyrenees
1‫ ﺑﲑو‬bērū Peru
2‫( ﺑﲑو‬Fr. bureau) bīrō pl. -āt office, bureau
‫ ﺑﲑوت‬bairūt2 Beirut (capital of Lebanon)
‫ ﺑﲑوﺗـﻰ‬bairūtī pl. ‫ ﺑﻮارﺗـﺔ‬bawārita, ‫ ﺑﻴﺎرﺗـﺔ‬bayārita a native or inhabitant of
Beirut
‫ ﺑﲑوﻗﺮاﻃﻰ‬bīruqrāṯī bureaucratic
‫ ﺑﲑوﻗﺮاﻃﻴﺔ‬bīrūqrāṯīya bureaucracy; red tape
‫ ﺑﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﺎ‬bīzanṯiyā Byzantium
‫ ﺑﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ‬bīzanṯī Byzantine
‫ ﺑﻴﺴﻮن‬bīsōn bison
(‫ض‬ (‫ ﺑـﻴﺾ‬bāḍa i to lay eggs (also ‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to stay, settle down, be or become
resident (‫ ب‬at a place)| ‫( ض ﳌﻜـﺎن وﻓـﺮخ‬wa-farraḳa) to be born and grow up
157
in a place; to establish itself and spread (plague) II to make white, paint

white, whitewash, whiten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bleach, blanch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., textiles,
laundry, rice, etc.); to tin, tinplate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make a fair copy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.)|
‫(ﺑـﻴﺾ اﻟﻮﺟـﻪ‬wajhahū) to make s.o. appear blameless, in a favorable light, to
whitewash, exculpate, vindicate, justify s.o., play s.o. up, make much of
s.o.; to honor s.o., show honor to s.o.; ‫ﺑـﻴﺾ ﷲ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬ may God make him
happy! ‫ﺻـﺤﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ ﻻ ﻳﺒـﻴﺾ ﻣـﻦ‬this doesn't show him in a favorable light V pass.
of II; IX to be or become white
‫ ﺑﻴﺾ‬baiḍ pl. ‫ ﺑﻴﻮض‬buyūḍ eggs
‫ ﺑﻴﻀـﺔ‬baiḍa (n. un.) pl. -āt egg; testicle; helmet; main part, substance,
essence| ‫ﺑﻴﻀـﺔ اﻟـﺪﻳﻚ‬ b. ad-dīik (the egg of a rooster i.e.) an impossible or
extraordinary thing; ‫ ﺑﻴﻀـﺔ اﻟﺒﻠـﺪ‬b. al-balad a man held in high esteem in his
community; ‫( ﰱ ﺑﻴﻀـﺔ اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬b. in-nahār) in broad daylight; ‫ ﺑﻴﻀـﺔ اﻟﺼـﻴﻒ‬b. aṣ-
ṣaif the hottest part of the summer; ‫اﻻﺳﻼم‬ ‫ ﺑﻴﻀﺔ‬the territory or pale of Islam;
‫ ﻋـﻦ ﺑﻴﻀـﺔ اﻟـﻮﻃﻦ‬,‫( اﻟـﺪﻓﺎع ﻋـﻦ ﺑﻴﻀـﺔ اﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬b.
Confidential
id-dīn, b. il-waṯan) defense of the
faith, of the country; ‫اﳋـﺪر‬ ‫ ﺑﻴﻀـﺔ‬b. al-ḳidr a woman seluded from the outside
world, a chaste, respectable woman
‫ ﺑﻴﻀﻰ‬baiḍī, ‫ ﺑﻴﻀﻮى‬baiḍawī and ‫ ﺑﻴﻀﺎوى‬baiḍāwī egg-shaped, oviform, oval,
ovate
‫ ﺑﻴﻴﻀﺔ‬buyaiḍa and ‫ ﺑﻮﻳﻀﺔ‬buwaiḍa pl. -āt small egg, ovule; ovum
‫ ﺑﻴـﺎض‬bayāḍ white, whiteness: whitewash; -- (pl. -āt) barren, desolate,
uncultivated land, wasteland: gap, blank space (in a manuscript); blank;
leucoma (med.); linen, pl. ‫ ﺑﻴﺎﺿﺎت‬linen goods, linens; (syr.) milk, butter, and
eggs|‫ ﺑﻴـﺎض اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ‬b. al-bait white of egg, albumen: ‫ ﺑﻴـﺎض اﻟﻌـﲔ‬b. al-‘ain the
white of the eye: ‫ ﺑﻴـﺎض اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬b. an-nahār daylight, (acc.) by day, during the
daytime; ‫ ﺑﻴـﺎض ﻳﻮﻣـﻪ وﺳـﻮاد ﻟﻴﻠـﻪ‬bayāḍa yaumihi wa-sawāda lailihi by day and
by night: ‫ﺑﻴـﺎض اﻟﻮﺟـﻪ‬ b. al-wajh tine character, good reputation; ‫ﲰـﻚ ﺑﻴـﺎض‬
samak b. a Nile fish (eg.); ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﻴـﺎض‬blank, free from writing, printing or
marks, uninscribed; (‫ ارﺗﺪى‬or) ‫( ﻟﺒﺲ اﻟﺒﻴﺎض‬labisa, irtada) to dress in white
‫ ﺑﻴﻮض‬bayūḍ pl. ‫ ﺑﻴﺾ‬buyūḍ, bīḍ (egg-) laying
158
‫ اﺑـﻴﺾ‬abyaḍ2, f. ‫ ﺑﻴﻀـﺎء‬baiḍā’2, pl. ‫ ﺑـﻴﺾ‬bīḍ white; bright; clean, shiny,

polished; blameless, noble, sincere (character); empty, blank (sheet of
paper); pl. ‫ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎن‬al-bīḍān the white race; ‫ اﻻﺑﻴﺾ‬white of egg, albumen| ‫ارض‬
‫( ﺑﻴﻀـﺎء‬arḍ) barren, uncultivated land, wasteland; ‫( ﺛـﻮرة ﺑﻴﻀـﺎء‬ṯaura) peaceful,
bloodless revolution;‫( اﳋـﻴﻂ اﻻﺑـﻴﺾ‬ḳaiṯ) first light of dawn; ‫اﻟـﺬﻫﺐ اﻻﺑـﻴﺾ‬
(dahab) platinum; ‫ ﻟﺴـﻼح اﻻﺑـﻴﺾ‬with cold steel; ‫( ﺻـﺤﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻀـﺎء‬ṣaḥīfatuhū)
his reputation is good: he has noble de.ds to his credit, he has a noble
character; ‫( ﺻـﺤﻒ ﺑﻴﻀـﺎء‬ṣuḥuf) noble, glorious deeds: ‫( اﻛﺬوﺑـﺔ ﺑﻴﻀـﺎء‬ukdūba)
white lie, fih: ‫( ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ ﺑﻴﻀـﺎء‬laila) a sleepless night, a night spent awake: ‫اﳌـﻮت‬
‫( اﻻﺑﻴﺾ‬maut) natural death; ‫( ﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻀﺎء‬yad) beneficent hand, benefaction
‫ ﻣﺒﻴﺾ‬mabīḍ, mibyaḍ ovary (anat.)
‫ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻀﺔ‬tabyīḍa fair copy
O ‫ اﺑﻴﻀﺎض‬ibyiḍāḍ leukemia (med.)
‫ ﺋﺾ‬bā’iḍ pl. ‫ ﺑﻮاﺋﺾ‬bawā’iḍ2 (egg-) laying
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺒـﻴﺾ‬mubayyiḍ pl. -ūn whitewasher; bleacher; tinner; copyist, transcriber
(of fair copy)
‫ ﻣﺒﻴﻀﺔ‬mubayyaḍa fair copy
‫ ﺑﻴﻄﺮ‬baiṯara to practice veterinary science; to shoe (‫ ﻫـ‬a horse)
‫ ﺑﻴﻄﺎر‬baiṯar pl. ‫ ﺑﻴﺎﻃﺮة‬bayātira veterinarian; farrier
‫ ﺑﻴﻄـﺮى‬baiṯarī veterinary|‫( اﻟﻄــﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﻄـﺮى‬ṯibb) veterinary medicine; ‫ﻃﺒﻴــﺐ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﻄﺮى‬veterinarian
‫ ﺑﻴﻄﺮة‬baiṯara veterinary science; farriery
1(‫ع‬ (‫ ﺑﻴـﻊ‬bā‘a i (bai‘,‫ ﻣﺒﻴـﻊ‬mabī‘) to sell (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬for a
price) III to make a contract (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to pay homage (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
acknowledge as sovereign or leader (‫ ه‬s.o.), pledge allegiance (‫ ه‬to) IV to
offer for sale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to agree on the terms of a sale, conclude a bargain
VII to be sold, be for sale VIII to buy, purchase (‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫـ‬s.th. from s.o. and ‫ﻫـ ه‬
from s.o. s.th.)| ‫اﺑﻴﻌﻪ‬ ‫( ﻻ اﺑﺘﺎع ﻣﻨﻪ وﻻ‬abtā‘u, abī‘uhū) I don't trust him
159
‫ ﺑﻴـﻊ‬bai‘ pl. ‫ ﺑﻴـﻮع‬buyū‘,‫ ﺑﻴﻮﻋـﺎت‬buyū‘āt sale|‫ ﻟﻠﺒﻴـﻊ‬for sale; ‫ ﺟﱪﻳـﺔ )ﺑﻴﻮﻋـﺎت‬or)

‫ﺑﻴـﻮع‬ (jabrīya) forced sales, compulsory sale by auction: ‫( ﺑﻴـﻊ ﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬jumla)
wholesale sale; ‫( ﺑﻴـﻊ ﳋﻴـﺎر‬ḳiyār) optional sale (Isl. Law); ‫( ﺑﻴـﻊ ﻵﺧـﺮ راﻏـﺐ‬li-
āḳir rāgibīn) sale to the highest bidder; ‫ ﺑﻴـﻊ اﻟﻌﻴﻨـﺔ‬b. al-‘īna credit operation
(Isl. Law)
‫ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ‬bai‘a agreement, arrangement; business deal, commercial transaction,
bargain; sale; purchase; homage|‫اﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬into the bargain
‫ ﺑﻴﺎع‬bayyā‘ salesman, merchant, dealer, commission agent, middleman
‫ ﻣﺒﻴﻊ‬mabī‘ sale, pl. -āt sales (esp. on the stock market)
‫ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌــﺔ‬mubāya‘a pl. -āt conclusion of contract; homage; pledge of
allegiance; transaction
‫ اﺑﺘﻴﺎع‬ibtiyā‘ purchase
‫ ﺋﻊ‬bā’i‘2 pl. ‫ ﻋﺔ‬bā‘a seller, vendor; dealer, merchant; salesman
‫ ﺋﻌﺔ‬bā’i‘a saleswoman
‫ ﻣﺒﻴﻊ‬mabī‘ and ‫ ﻣﺒﺎع‬mubā‘ sold
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺒﺘﺎع‬mubtā‘ buyer, purchaser
2 ‫ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ‬bai‘a pl. -āt, ‫ ﺑﻴﻊ‬biya‘ (Chr.) church; synagogue
‫ ﺑﻴـﻚ‬bē (eg.), bēg, bēk pl. ‫ ﺑﻴﻜـﻮات‬bēgawāt (syr.) bey (title of courtesy); cf.
‫ﺑﻚ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﻜﻮﻳﺔ‬bīkawīya rank of bey
‫ ﺑﻴﻜﺎر‬bīkār compass, (pair of) dividers
‫ ﺑﻴﻜﺒﺎﺷﻰ‬see ‫ﺑﻜﺒﺎﺷﻰ‬
‫( ﺑﻴﻜﻪ‬Fr.) bīkeh plqué (fabric)
1‫( ﺑﻴﻞ‬Fr. bille) bīl ball|‫ﺑﻴﻞ‬ ‫ ﻛﺮﺳﻰ‬kursī b. ball bearing
2‫ ﺑﻴﻠﺔ‬bīla see ‫ﺑﻮل‬
‫ ﺑﻴﻠﺴﺎن‬bailasān black elder (bot.)

‫ ﺑﻴﻠﻬﺎرﺳﻴﺎ‬bilharsiyā bilharziasis, schistosomiasis (med.)
‫( ﺑﻴﻠﻴﻪ‬Fr. bille) bīlya pl. -āt little ball, marble
‫ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن‬bīmāristān hospltal; lunatic asylum
160
1(‫ن‬ (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬bāna i (‫ ﺑﻴـﺎن‬bayān) to be or become plain, evident, come out,

come to light; to be clear (‫ ل‬to s.o.); (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬bain, ‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻮﻧـﺔ‬bainūna) to part, be
separated (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) II to make clear, plain, visible, evident (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
announce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to state (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to show, demonstrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
explain, expound, elucidate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), throw light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on) III to part, go away
(‫ ه‬from), leave (‫ ه‬s.o.); to differ, be different (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬from), be unlike s.th.
(‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to contradict (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be contrary (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to conflict, be at variance, be
inconsistent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.) IV to explain, expound, elucidate (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ل‬ s.th. to
s.o.); to separate, sift, distinguish (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.th. from); to be clear, plain,
evident V to be or become clear, intelligible (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to turn out, prove in
the end, appear, become evident; to follow (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), be explained (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by);

to be clearly distinguished (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to seek to ascertain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), try to get
at the mct8 (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to eye or examine critically, scrutinize (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.);
Confidential
to look, peer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at); to see through s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, see clearly, perceive, notice,
discover, find out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to distinguish (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. from) VI to differ, be

different, be opposed, be contrary; to vary greatly, differ widely; to vary,
differ, fluctuate (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between two amounts or limits) X to be or become
clear, plain, evident; to Bee, know, perceive, notice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); pass. ustubīna
to follow clearly, be clearly seen (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)

‫ ﺑــﲔ‬bain separation, division; interval; difference|‫ ذات اﻟﺒــﲔ‬enmity,
disunion, discord; ‫اﻟﺒﲔ‬ ‫ ﰱ‬meantime, meanwhile
‫ ﺑـﲔ‬baina (prep.) or ‫ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺑـﲔ‬fī-ma b. between; among, amidst|‫و‬ – ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ –
either -- or, partly -- partly, e.g., ‫ﻛـﺎن اﻟﻘـﻮم ﺑـﲔ ﺻـﺎﻣﺖ وﻣـﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ (ṣāmitin wa-
mutakallimin) the crowd was divided among those who were silent and
those who talked; ‫ﺑـﲔ ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ‬ (yadaihi) in front of him, before him, in his
presence; with him. on him, in his possession, e.g., ‫( ﻻ ﺳـﻼح ﺑـﲔ ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ‬silāḥa)
he hasn’t got a weapon on him, he is unarmed; ‫ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺑـﲔ ذﻟـﻚ‬meanwhile, in
the meantime; ‫ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺑﻴـﲎ وﺑـﲔ ﻧﻔﺴـﻰ‬in my heart, at heart, inwardly; ‫ ﺑـﲔ ذراﻋﻴـﻪ‬in
161
his arms; ‫ﺑﻴـﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬min bainihim from among them, from their midst; ‫ﺑـﲔ ﺑـﲔ‬
something between, a cross, a mixture, a combination; neither good nor bad,
medium, tolerable; ‫ ﺷـﻲء ﺑـﲔ ﺑـﲔ‬something between, a cross, a mixture, a
combination; ‫( ﺑـﲔ وﻗـﺖ وآﺧـﺮ‬waqt, āḳar), ‫( ﺑـﲔ ﻓـﱰة وأﺧـﺮى‬fatra, uḳrā) at times,
from time to time
‫ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬mā-baina look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﺎ‬bainā, ‫ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬bainamā (conj.) while; whereas
‫ ﺑــﲔ‬bayyin clear, plain, evident, obvious, patent; (pl. ‫ اﺑﻨﻴــﺎء‬abyinā’2)
eloquent
‫ ﺑﻴـﺎن‬bayān pl. -āt clearness, plainness, patency, obviousness; statement,
declaration, announcement; manifestation; explanation, elucidation,
illustration; information, news; (official) report. (official) statement;
enumeration, index, list; eloquence; ‫اﻟﺒﻴ ــﺎن‬ the Koran; see also
alphabetically|‫اﳊﻘﻴﻘــﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴــﺎن‬ ‫( ﻏــﲏ ﻋــﻦ اﻟﺒﻴــﺎن‬ganīy) self-

correction (journ.);
explanatory, self-evident; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﺒﻴـﺎن‬ilm al-b. rhetoric; ‫‘ ﻋﻄـﻒ اﻟﺒﻴـﺎن‬aṯf al-b.
Confidential
explicative apposition (gram.)
‫ ﺑﻴﺎﱏ‬bayānī explanatory, illustrative; rhetorical
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬bayyina pl. -āt clear proof, indisputable evidence; evidence (Isl. Law);
a document serving &8 evidence|‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺑﻴﻨـﺔ‬ẓarfīya) circumstantial evidence;
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﻴﻨـﺔ‬as has been proved; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﻴﻨـﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬to be fully aware of; to he well-
informed, well-posted, up-to-date about
‫ اﺑﲔ‬abyan2 clearer, more distinct, more obvious
‫ ﺗﺒﻴﺎن‬tibyān exposition, demonstration, explanation, illustration
‫ ﺗﺒﻴــﲔ‬tabyīn and ‫ ا ﻧــﺔ‬ibāna exposition, demonstration, explanation,
illustration
‫ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬tabayun difference, unlikeness, dissimilarity, disparity
‫ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﲎ‬tabāyunī different, differing, conflicting
‫ ﺋﻦ‬bā’in clear, plain, evident, obvious, patent; final, irrevocable (divorce;
Isl. Law); of great length|‫اﻟﻄـﻮل‬ ‫ﺋـﻦ‬ b. aṯ-ṯūl towering, of unusual height
(person)
‫ ﺋﻨﺔ‬bā’ina bride’s dowry
‫ ﻣﺒﻴﻮﻧﺔ‬mabyūna distance
162
‫ ﻣﺒﲔ‬mubīn clear, plain, evident, obvious, patent|‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﳌﺒﲔ‬the Koran

‫ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬mutabāyin dissimilar, unlike, differential, differing, varying
2‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ,‫ ﺑﻴﺎن‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﺒﺎﺷﻰ‬see ‫ﺑﻜﺒﺎﺷﻰ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﻨﺘﻮ‬see ‫ﺑﻨﺘﻮ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﻪ‬bēh = ‫ﺑﻚ‬
1‫( ﺑﻴﻮرﻳﻪ‬Engl.) biyūrē purée
2‫( ﺑﻴﻮرﻳﻪ‬Fr. pyorrhée) biyōrēh pyorrhea (med.)
Confidential
163
‫ت‬
1‫ ت‬abbreviation of ‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻮن‬telephone
2‫ ت‬ta (particle introducing oaths) by, ta-llāhi by God!
‫ ء‬tā’ name of the letter‫ت‬
‫ ﺑـﻮت‬tābūt pl. ‫ ﺗﻮاﺑﻴـﺖ‬tawābīt2 box, case, chest, coffer; casket, coffin,
sarcophagus|‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮت‬ t. al-‘ahd ark of the covenant; ‫اﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮت رﻓﻊ‬ t. raf‘ al-
miyāh Archimedean screw; ‫ﺑـﻮت اﻟﺴـﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ t. as-āqiya scoop wheel, Persian
wheel
‫ ﺑﻴﻮﻛﺎ‬tābiyōkā tapioca
ta’ta’a to stammer (with fright)
‫ ج‬see ‫ﺗﻮج‬
‫ ﺗﺆدة‬see ‫وأد‬
1‫ ر‬IV ‫اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬ ‫( ا ر‬baṣara) to stare (‫ ه‬or ‫ اﱃ‬at s.o.)
2‫ رة‬see ‫ﺗﻮر‬
Confidential
‫ زة‬tāza (= ‫ )ﻃﺎزة‬fresh, tender, new
‫ ك‬taka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ‫ ذاك‬dāka (dual nom. ‫ﻧـﻚ‬
tānika, genit., acc. ‫ ﺗﻴﻨﻚ‬tainika)
‫ ﺗﻮءم‬,‫ ﺗﻮأم‬tau’am, f. ‫ة‬, pl. ‫ ﺗﻮاﺋﻢ‬tawā’im2 twin
‫ اﻟﺘﺎﻣﻴﺰ‬at-tāmīz the Thames
‫ ى‬tay (tun., alg.) tea|‫ ى اﲪﺮ‬black tea
‫ ﻳﻮر‬tāyōr and ‫ ﻳﲑ‬tāyēr (Fr. tailleur) pl. -āt ladies’ tailored suit, tailleur
‫ ﺗـﺐ‬tabba i (tabb, ‫ ﺗﺒـﺐ‬tabab, ‫ ﺗﺒـﺎب‬tabāb) to perish, be destroyed X to
stabilize, be stabilized, be or become stable; to be settled, established, well-
ordered, regular, normal; to progress well|‫اﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫ اﺳﺘﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ‬everything went well
with him
‫ ﺗﺒﺎ ﻟﻪ‬tabban lahū may evil befall him! may he perish!
‫ اﺳــﺘﺘﺒﺎب‬istitbāb normalcy, regularity, orderliness, order; stability;
favorable course or development
‫ اﻟﺘﺒﺖ‬at-tibt Tibet
‫ ﺗﱪ‬tabara i (tabr) to destroy, annihilate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
164
‫ ﺗﱪ‬tibr raw metal; gold dust, gold nuggets; ore

‫ ﺗﺒﺎر‬tabār ruin, destruction
‫ ﺗﱪﻳﺔ‬tibrīya dandruff
‫ ﺗﱪﻳﺰ‬tabrīz2 Tabriz (city in NW Iran, capital of Azerbaijan province)
‫ ﺗﺒـﻊ‬tabi‘a a (taba‘,‫ ﺗﺒﺎﻋـﺔ‬tabā‘a) to follow, succeed (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), come
after s.o. or s.th. (‫ه‬ ,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to trail, track (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th) go after s.o. or s.th.
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to walk behind s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to pursue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to keep, adhere, stick (‫ﻫ ـ‬
to s.th.), observe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th; to follow, take (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a road), enter upon (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a road or
course); to comply (‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.); to belong, pertain (‫ ﻫـ‬to); to be subordinate,
be attached (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be under s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬authority or command, be under
s.o. (‫اﻟـﺪروس‬ ‫( ه(|ﺗﺒـﻊ‬durūsa) to attend classes regularly III to follow (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.o. s.th.; also = to keep one's mind or eyes on, e.g., on a development); to
agree, concur (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in s.th.), be in agreement or conformity ( ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with); to pursue, chase, follow up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to continue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.;
Confidential
‫ ﺳـﲑﻩ‬sairahū on one’s way), go on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with or in) IV to cause to succeed or
follow (in time, rank, etc.); to place (‫ ه‬s.o.) under s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬authority or
command, subordinate (‫ ه ه‬to s.o. s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th. s.th.) V to follow (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., esp. fig.: a topic, a development, the news, etc., = to watch, study); to
pursue, trail, track (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to trace (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to be subordinate (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬
to), be attached (‫ ه‬to s.o.) VI to follow in succession, be successive or

consecutive, come or happen successively; to form an uninterrupted
sequence VIII to follow, succeed (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), come after (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to make
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) be succeeded or followed (‫ ب‬by s.th. else); to prosecute (‫ ه‬s.o.),
take legal action (‫ ه‬against); to follow, obey, heed, observe, bear in mind (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to pursue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to examine, investigate, study (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); pass.
uttubi‘a to have or find followers, adherents (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.th., e.g., for an
idea)|‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫( اﺗﺒﻊ‬siyāsatan) to pursue a policy; ‫( اﺗﺒﻊ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‬yamīnahū) to keep (to
the) right X to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) follow, ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to follow; to seduce (‫ه‬
165
s.o.); to have as its consequence, engender, entail (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to subordinate to

o.s., make subservient to o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺗﺒـﻊ‬taba‘ succession; subordinateness, dependency: following. Followers;
subordinate, subservient (‫ ل‬to s.th.): ‫ ﻟﺘﺒـﻊ‬successively, consecutively; ‫ل‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌـﺎ‬
taba‘an li according to, in accordance with, pursuant to, in observance of;
due to, in consequence of, as the result of; (pl. ‫اﺗﺒــﺎع‬ atbā‘) follower,
companion, adherent, partisan; subject, national, citizen; appertaining,
appurtenant, pertinent, incident
‫ ﺗﺒﻌﻰ‬taba‘ī: ‫‘( ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬uqūba) incidental punishment (jur.)
‫ ﺗﺒﻌـﺔ‬tabi‘a pl. -āt consequence; responsibility, irresponsibleness| ‫اﻟﻘـﻰ اﻟﺘﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ‬alqā) to make s.o. or s.th. responsible
‫ ﺗﺒﻴـﻊ‬tabī‘ pl. ‫ ﺗﺒـﺎع‬tibā‘ following attached, attending, adjunct; -- (pl. ‫ﺗﺒـﺎﺋﻊ‬
tabā’i‘2) follower, adherent, partisan; aide, help, assistant, attendant, servant
‫ ﺗﺒﻌﻴ ــﺔ‬taba‘īya pl. -āt subordination, subjection; subordinateness,
dependency; citizenship, nationality; ‫ﻟﺘﺒﻌﻴــﺔ‬ subsequently, afterwards;
Confidential
consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly
‫ ﺗﺒﺎﻋـﺎ‬tibā‘an in succession, successively, consecutively, one after the
other, one by one
‫ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬mutāba‘a following, pursuing, pursuit, prosecution; continuation
‫ اﺗﺒـﺎع‬itbā‘ (gram.) intensification by repeating a word with its initial
consonant changed, such as katīr batīr
‫ ﺗﺘﺒـﻊ‬tatabu‘ following (esp. fig., of an argument, of a development, see V
above); pursuit; prosecution; succession, course|‫اﻟﺘـﺎرﳜﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺘﺒـﻊ‬ the course of
history; ‫ﻋﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫‘( ﺗﺘﺒﻌﺎت‬adlīya) legal action, prosecution
‫ ﺗﺘـﺎﺑﻊ‬tatābu‘ sucession; relay (athlet.); ‫ ﻟﺘﺘـﺎﺑﻊ‬consecutively, successively,
in succession; serially, in serialized form
‫ اﺗﺒــﺎع‬ittibā‘ following; pursuit (e.g., of a policy); adherence (to),
compliance (with), observance (of); ‫اﺗﺒﺎﻋـﺎ ل‬ ittibā‘an li according to, in
accordance or conformity with, pursuant to, in observance of
O ‫ اﺗﺒﺎﻋﻰ‬ittibā‘ī classical
O ‫ اﺗﺒﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ittibā‘īya classicism
166
‫ ﺑـﻊ‬tābi‘ pl. ‫ ﺗﺒﻌـﺔ‬taba‘a, ‫ ﺗﺒـﺎع‬tubbā‘ following, succeeding, subsequent;

subsidiary, dependent; minor, secondary; subordinate (‫ ل‬to s.o.), under s.o.
(‫ ;)ل‬belonging (‫ ل‬to); subject to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬authority or competence; adherent
(‫ ل‬to) following (‫ ل‬s.o. or s.th.); -- (pl. ‫اﺗﺒـﺎع‬ atbā‘) adherent, follower,
partisan; subject, citizen, national; subordinate, servant; factotum; (pl. ‫)ﺗﻮاﺑـﻊ‬
appositive (gram.); appendix, addendum, supplement; O function (math.)|
‫( اﻟﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬duwal) the satellite countries
‫ ﺑﻌـﺔ‬tābi‘a pl. ‫ ﺗﻮاﺑـﻊ‬tawābi‘2 female attendant, woman servant; a female
demon who accompanies women; appurtenance, dependency; consequence,
effect, result; responsibility; pl. ‫ ﺗﻮاﺑـﻊ‬dependencies, dependent territories; O
satellites (pol.), = ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫( اﻟﺪول‬duwal) the satellite countries
‫ ﺑﻌﻴﺔ‬tābi‘īya nationality, citizenship
‫ ﻣﺘﺒــﻮع‬matbū‘ followed, succeeded (‫ ب‬by); one to whom service or
obedience is rendered, a leader, a principal (as distinguished from ‫ﺑـﻊ‬
Confidential
subordinate)
‫ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬mutatābi‘ successive, consecutive
‫ ﻣﺘﺒــﻊ‬muttaba‘ observed, adhered to, complied with (e.g. regulation,
custom); followed, traveled (road, course)
‫ ﺗﺒﻎ‬tibg pl. ‫ ﺗﺒﻮغ‬tubūg tobaooo
‫ ﺗﺒـﻞ‬tabala i to consume, waste, make sick (‫ ه‬s.o.; said of love) II, III and
‫ ﺗﻮﺑﻞ‬taubala to spice, season (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th)
‫ ﺑـﻞ‬tābal, tābil pl. ‫ ﺗﻮاﺑــﻞ‬tawābil2 coriander (bot.); spice, condiment,
seasoning
‫ ﺗﺒﻮﻟـﺔ‬tabbūla (syr., leb.) a kind of salad made of bulgur, parsley, mint,
onion, lemon juice, spices, and oil
‫ ﻣﺘﺒﻮل‬matbūl (Iove-)sick, weak, ravaged, consumed
‫ ﻣﺘﺒــﻞ‬mutabbal spiced, seasoned, flavored; (syr., leb.) stuffed with a
mixture of rice, chopped meat and various spices, e.g., ‫ ﺑـﺬﳒﺎن ﻣﺘﺒـﻞ‬stuffed
eggplant
‫( ﺗﺒﻠﻮﻩ‬Fr. tableau) tablōh pl. -āt a painting
‫ ﺗﱭ‬tibn straw
167
‫ ﺗﺒﲎ‬tibnī straw-colored, flaxen

‫ ﺗﺒﺎن‬tabbān straw vendor
‫ درب اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻨﺔ‬darb at-tabbāna the Milky Way
‫ ﻣﺘﱭ‬matban pl. ‫ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻦ‬matābin2 straw-stack
‫ ﺗﺒﻴﻮﻛﺎ‬tabiyōkā tapioca
1‫ اﻟﺘﱰ‬at-tatar and ‫ اﻟﺘﺘﺎر‬at-tatar the Tatars
‫ ﺗﱰى‬tatarī Tatarian; Tatar

‫ ﺗﱰى‬tatra (from ‫ )وﺗﺮ‬one after the other, successively, in succession
‫ ﺗﺘﻚ‬titik trigger
‫ ﺗﱳ‬tutun tobacco
‫ ﺗﺘﻨﻮس‬tetanūs tetanus (med.)
‫ ﲡـﺮ‬tajara u and VIII to trade, do business; to deal (‫ ﰱ‬or ‫ ب‬in s.th.) III do.
(‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ ﲡﺎرة‬tijāra commerce; traffic, trade; merchandise
Confidential
‫ ﲡــﺎرى‬tijārī commercial, mercantile, trade, trading, business, (used
attributively); commercialized|‫ﲡـﺎرى‬
house;‫( اﳊﺮﻛــﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳــﺔ‬ḥaraka)
‫( ﺑﻴـﺖ‬bait) commercial house, business
trade, traffic; ‫( ﺷــﺮﻛﺔ ﲡﺎرﻳــﺔ‬širka) trading
company; ‫( اﺗﻔﺎق ﲡﺎرى‬ittifāq) trade agreement
‫ ﻣﺘﺠ ــﺮ‬matjar pl. ‫ ﻣﺘــﺎﺟﺮ‬matājir2 bussiness, transaction, dealing;

merchandise; store, shop
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﺮى‬matjar commercial, trade, trading, business (used attributively)
‫ اﲡﺎر‬ittijār trade, business (‫ ب‬in s.th)
‫ ﺟــﺮ‬tājir pl. ‫ ﲡــﺎر‬tujjār, tijār merchant, trader, businessman, dealer,
tradesman| ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ t. al-jumla wholesale dealer; ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ t. at-tajzi’a and
‫ ﺟﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻰ‬t. al-qiṯā‘ī retailer

‫ ﺑﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﺟﺮة‬biḍā‘a tājira salable, marketable merchandise
‫ ﲡﺎﻩ‬tujāha (prep.) in front of, opposite, face to face with, facing
‫ ﲢـﺖ‬taḥta (prep.) under; below, beneath, underneath| ‫( ﲢـﺖ‬tajriba) on
probation; in an experimental state; ‫ ﲢـﺖ اﻟﺘﺤﻀـﲑ‬in preparation; ‫ﲢـﺖ اﳊﻔـﻆ‬
168
(ḥifẓ) in custody, under guard; ‫( ﲢــﺖ اﻟﺴــﺪاد‬sadād), ‫ ﲢــﺖ اﻟﺘﺴــﺪﻳﺪ‬due,

outstanding, unsettled, unpaid (com.); ‫ ﲢـﺖ اﻟﺴـﻼح‬under arms; ‫ﲢـﺖ ﲰﻌﻬـﻢ‬
(sam‘ihim) in their hearing, for them to hear; ‫( ﲢــﺖ اﻟﺘﺴ ـﻮﻳﺔ‬taswiya)
outstanding, unpaid, unsettled (com.); ‫( ﲢــﺖ اﺷ ـﺮاف‬išrāfi) under the
patronage or superintendence of; ‫ ﲢــﺖ اﻟﺸــﻌﻮر‬subconscious; ‫ﲢــﺖ ﺗﺼــﺮﻓﻪ‬
(taṣarrufihī) at his disposal; ‫( ﲢـﺖ اﻟﻄﺒـﻊ‬ṯab‘) in press; ‫‘( ﲢـﺖ ﻋﻨـﻮان‬unwāni)
under the title of; ‫( ﲢــﺖ اﻋﻴﻨﻨــﺎ‬a‘yuninā) before our eyes; ‫ ﲢــﺖ اﻟﺘﻤـﺮﻳﻦ‬in
‫( ﲢـﺖ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬yad) in hand, at hand, available, handy; ‫ﲢـﺖ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬
training; in his
power; ‫ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺖ‬min taḥt from under, from beneath; under
‫ ﲢﺖ‬taḥtu (adv.) below, beneath, underneath
‫ ﲢﺘﺎﱏ‬taḥtānī lower, under- (in compounds)| ‫ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﲢﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬underwear
‫ ﲢﻒ‬IV to present (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. with s.th)
‫ ﲢﻔﺔ‬tuḥfa pl. ‫ ﲢﻒ‬tuḥaf gift, present; gem (fig.), curiosity, rarity, article of
Confidential
virtu, objet d'art; work of art|‫ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺤــﻒ‬matḥaf pl.
waxworks
‫( ﲢﻔﺔ‬fannīya) unique work of art
‫ ﻣﺘــﺎﺣﻒ‬matāḥif2 museum| ‫ ﻣﺘﺤــﻒ اﻟﺸــﻤﻊ‬m.
‫ ﺗﺦ‬taḳḳa u to become sour, ferment (dough)

aš-šam‘
1 ‫ﲣـﺖ‬pl. tuḳūt bed, couch; bench; seat; sofa; chest, case, box, coffer,
cabinet; wardrobe; platform, dais; band, orchestra| ‫ﲣــﺖ اﳌﻠــﻚ‬t. al-mulk

throne; royal residence, capital; ‫ﲣـﺖ اﳌﻤﻠﻜــﺔ‬ t. al-mamlaka capital (of a
country)
‫ ﲣﱰوان‬,‫ ﲣﺖ روان‬taḳtaruwān, taḳtarawān mule-borne litter
2 ‫ ﲣﺘﺔ‬taḳta board; desk; blackboard
‫ ﲣﺘﺦ‬taḳtaḳa to rot, decay
1 ‫ ﲣـﻢ‬taḳima a to suffer from indigestion, feel sick from overeating IV to
surfeit, satiate (‫ ه‬s.o.) to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) indigestion, make sick (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
overstuff, cloy (‫ ه‬the stomach) VIII = I
‫ ﲣﻤﺔ‬tuḳama, tuḳma pl. ‫ﲣﻢ‬, -āt indigestion, dyspeptic
‫ ﻣﺘﺨﻮم‬matḳūm suffering from indigestion, dyspeptic
169
2 ‫ﲣـﻢ‬taḳama i to fix the limits of (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, delimit, limit, confine, bound (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) III to border (‫ ﻫـ‬on), be adjacent (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.)
‫ ﲣﻢ‬taḳm pl. ‫ ﲣﻮم‬tuḳūm boundary, border, borderline, limit
‫ ﻣﺘﺎﺧﻢ‬mutāḳm neighboring, adjacent
‫ ﺗــﺪﻣﺮ‬tadmur2, usually pronounced tudmur2 Palmyra (ancient city of
Syria, now a small village)
‫ ﺗﺪﻣﺮى‬tadmurī, usually pronounced tudmurī anyone| ‫ﻻ ﺗـﺪﻣﺮى‬nobody, not a
living soul
‫( ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺰة‬eg.; tarābēza) pl. -āt table
‫ ﺗﺮاﺧﻮﻣﺎ‬trāḳōmā trachoma (med.)
‫( ﺗﺮاس‬Fr. terrasse) terās terrace
‫ ﺗﺮاﻣﻮاى‬,‫ ﺗﺮام‬trām, tramwāy tramway
‫ ﺗـﺮب‬tariba a to be or become dusty, covered with dust II and IV to cover
with dust or earth (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to be s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mate or comrade, be of
the same age (‫ ه‬as s.o.) V to be dusty, be covered with dust
Confidential
‫ ﺗـﺮب‬tirb pl. ‫ اﺗـﺮاب‬atrāb person of the same age, contemporary, mate,
companion, comrade
‫ ﺗﺮب‬tarib dusty, dust-covered
‫ ﺗﺮﺑـﺔ‬turba pl. ‫ ﺗـﺮب‬turab dust; earth, dirt; ground (also fig.); soil; grave,
tomb; graveyard, cemetery, burial ground
‫ ﺗﺮﰉ‬turabī pl. -īya (eg.) gravedigger
‫ ﺗﺮاب‬turāb pl. ‫ اﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬atriba, ‫ ﺗﺮ ن‬tirbān dust, earth, dirt; ground, soil
‫ ﺗﺮاﰉ‬turābī dusty; dustlike, powdery; earthlike, earthy; dust-colored, gray
O ‫ ﺗﺮاﺑﺔ‬turāba cement
‫ ﺗﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬tarība pl. ‫ ﺗﺮاﺋﺐ‬tarā’ib2 chest, thorax
‫ ﻣﱰﺑﺔ‬matraba poverty, misery, destitution; (pl. ‫ ﻣﺘﺎرب‬matārib2) dirt quarry
‫ ﻣﱰب‬mutrib dusty, dust-covered
‫ ﺗﺮﺑﺲ‬tarbasa (= ‫ )درﺑﺲ‬to bolt (‫ ﻫـ‬a door)
‫ ﺗـﺮ س‬tirbās pl. ‫ ﺗـﺮاﺑﻴﺲ‬tarābis2, ‫ ﺗـﺮاﺑﺲ‬tarābis2 bolt, l&tch (of a door or
window)
‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻨﺘﲔ‬tarbantīn turpentine
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‫( ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺰة‬eg.) tarabēza table

‫ ﺗﺮﺑﲔ‬trbīn pl. -āt turbine
‫ ﺗﺮاث‬see ‫وﺗﺮث‬
‫ ﺗﺮﺗﺮ‬tirtir gold and silver spangles (eg.)
‫ ﺗـﺮﺟﻢ‬tarjama to translate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from one language ‫ اﱃ‬to another); to
interpret (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to treat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) by way of explanation, expound (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to write a biography (‫ ل‬of s.o., also ‫)ه‬
‫ ﺗـﺮﺟﻢ‬tarjama pl. ‫ ﺗـﺮاﺟﻢ‬tarājim2 translation; interpretation; biography (also
‫;)ﺗﺮﲨــﺔ اﳊﻴــﺎة‬ introduction, preface, foreword (of a book)| ‫اﻟﱰﲨــﺔ اﻟﺴــﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
(sab‘īnīya) the Septuagint
‫ ﺗﺮﲨﺎن‬turjumān pl. ‫ ﺗﺮاﲨﺔ‬tarājima, ‫ ﺗﺮاﺟﻴﻢ‬tarājim2 transla.tor, interpreter
,-:;" mutarjim translator, interpreter; biographer
‫ ﻣﱰﺟﻢ‬mutarjam translated|‫( ﻣﱰﺟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻠﻢ‬film) synchronized (film)
‫ ﺗـﺮح‬tariḥa a (taraḥ) and V to grieve, be sad II and IV to grieve, distress (‫ه‬
Confidential
s.o.)
‫ ﺗﺮح‬taraḥ pl. ‫ اﺗﺮاح‬atrāḥ grief, distress, sadness
‫ ﺗﺮزى‬tarzī pl. ‫ ﺗﺮزﻳﺔ‬tarzīya (eg.) tailor
‫ ﺗﺮزﻳﺔ‬tarziya tailoring
1‫ ﺗﺮاس‬look up alphabetically
2‫ ﺗﺮس‬II to provide with a shield or armor
‫ ﺗـﺮس‬turs pl. ‫ اﺗـﺮس‬atrās, ‫ ﺗـﺮوس‬turūs shield; disk of the sun; -- tirs pl. turūs
cogwheel, gear| ‫ ﺻـﻨﺪوق اﻟـﱰوس‬ṣundūq al-t. gearbox, transmission; ‫ﲰـﻚ اﻟـﱰس‬
samak at-turs turbot (zool.)
‫ ﻣﱰس‬matras, mitras pl. ‫ ﻣﺘﺎرس‬matāris2 and ‫ ﻣﱰاس‬mitrās, pl. ‫ ﻣﺘﺎرﻳﺲ‬matārīs2
bolt, door latch; rampart, bulwark, barricade; esp. pl. ‫ ﻣﺘﺎرﻳﺲ‬barricades
‫ ﺗﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬tarsāna, ‫ ﺗﺮﺳﺤﺎﻧﺔ‬tarsḳāna arsenal; shipyard, dockyard
‫( ﺗﺮﺳﻜﻞ‬Fr. tricycle) tricycle
‫( ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻨﺔ‬It. terrazzino) tarasīna balcony
‫ ﺗﺮع‬tari‘a a to be or become full (vessel) IV to fill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., esp. a vessel)
171
‫ ﺗﺮﻋـﺔ‬tur‘a pl. ‫ ﺗـﺮع‬tura‘, -āt canal; artificial waterway| ‫ ﺗﺮﻋـﺔ اﻻﻳـﺮاد‬t. al-īrād
feeder, irrigation canal; ‫ﺗﺮﻋـﺔ اﻟﺘﺼـﺮﻳﻒ‬ drainage canal (Eg.); ‫اﻟﱰﻋـﺔ اﻟﺸـﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬ the
Residence of the Sultan of Morocco
‫ ﺗﺮﻏﻠﺔ‬,‫ ﺗﺮﻏﻞ‬turgul, turgulla turtledove
‫ ﺗـﺮف‬tarija a to live in opulence, in luxury IV to effeminate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
provide with opulent means, surround with luxury (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ ﺗﺮف‬taraf and ‫ ﺗﺮﻓﺔ‬turfa luxury, opulence, affluence; effemination
‫ ﺗﺮف‬tarif opulent, sumptuous, luxurious
‫ ﻣـﱰف‬mutraf living in ease and luxury; sumptuous, luxurious; luxuriously
adorned, ornate, overdecorated (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﺗﺮﻓﺎس‬tirfās (magr.) truffle (bot.)
‫ ﺗﺮﻓﻞ‬tarfala to strut
‫ ﺗﺮﻗﻮة‬tarquwa pl. ‫ ﺗﺮاق‬tarāqin collarbone, clavicle (anat.)
1‫ ﺗــﺮك‬taraka u (tark) to let be, leave, relinquish, renounce, give up,
Confidential
forswear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to desist, refrain, abstain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.th.); to leave, quit (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a place); to leave out, omit, drop, neglect, pass over, skip (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
leave (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); to leave behind, leave, bequeath, make over (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.; as a legacy)|
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬to let s.o. do s.th.; ‫ ﺗﺮك ﻣﻜـﺎ اﱃ‬to leave
one place for (another); ‫( ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﰲ ذﻣﺘﻪ‬fī dimmatihī) to leave s.th. in s.o.’s care,
leave s.th. to s.o.; ‫ﺣﺎﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to leave s.th. or s.o. unchanged, leave s.th. or
s.o. alone; ‫( ﺗﺮﻛـﻪ وﺷـﺄﻧﻪ‬wa-ša’nahū) to leave s.o. alone, leave s.o. to his own
devices III to leave (‫ ه‬s.o.); to leave alone (‫ ه‬s.o.); to leave off hostilities (‫ه‬
against s.o.)
‫ ﺗﺮك‬tark omission, neglect; relinquishment, abandonment; leaving, leaving
behind
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﺔ‬tarika pl. -āt (also tirka) heritage, legacy, bequest
‫ ﺗﺮﻳﻜﺔ‬tarīka pl. ‫ ﺗﺮاﺋﻚ‬tarā’ik2 old maid, spinster
‫ ﻣﺘﺎرك‬mutāraka truce
‫ ﻣﱰوك‬matrūk pl. -āt heritage, legacy
172
2‫ ﺗـﺮك‬II to Turkify, Turkicize (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to become a Turk, become

Turkified, adopt Turkish manners and customs
‫ اﻟﱰك‬at-turk and ‫ اﻻﺗﺮاك‬al-atrāk the Turks
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻰ‬turkī Turkish; Turk; ‫ اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺔ‬at-turkīya theTurkish language
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ‬turkiya Turkey
‫ ﺗﱰﻳﻚ‬tatrīk Turkification
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﺴﺘﺎن‬turkistān2 Turkstan
‫ اﻟﱰﻛﻤﺎن‬at-turkumān the Turkmen
‫ ﺗـﺮﻣﺒﻴﻂ‬turumbēt (syr.) pl. -āt (Western) drum; ‫ ﺗﺮﻣﺒﻴﻄـﺔ‬turumbīṯa (eg.) pl. -āt
do.; specif., bass drum
‫ ﺗﺮﻣﺒﻄﺠﻰ‬turumbaṯgi (eg.) drummer; bandsman (mil.)
‫ ﺗﺮﻣﺲ‬turmus, ‫ ﺗﺮﻣﻮس‬turmūs lupine (bot.)
‫ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﻣﱰ‬termūmitr thermometer
‫ ﺗﺮﻧﺞ‬turunj see ‫ اﺗﺮﻧﺞ‬,‫اﺗﺮج‬
‫ ﺗﺮﻩ‬tariha a to concern o.s. with trifles
Confidential
‫ ﺗﺮﻫﺔ‬turraha pl. -āt sham, mockery, farce; lie, humbug, hoax
‫( ﺗﺮوادﻩ‬Fr. Troade) tirwāda Troy
‫( ﺗـﺮوب‬Engl. troop) squad, platoon; squadron|‫( ﺗـﺮوب ﺳـﻮارى‬sawārī) cavalry
squadron (Eg.)
‫ ﺗﺮﻣﺒﻴﺘﺠﻰ = ﺗﺮﻣﺒﻄﺠﻰ‬see under ‫ ﺗﺮﻣﺒﻴﻂ‬above
‫ ﺗﺮ ق‬tiryāq theriaca; antidote
‫( ﺗﺮﻳﻜﻮ‬Fr.) tricot
‫ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ‬tis‘a (f. ‫ ﺗﺴﻊ‬tis‘) nine
‫ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬tis‘ata ‘ašara, f. ‫ﺗﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺮة‬ tis‘a ‘ašrata nineteen
‫ ﺗﺴﻊ‬tus‘ pl. ‫ اﺗﺴﺎع‬atsā‘ one ninth, the ninth part
‫ ﺗﺴﻌﻮن‬tis‘ūn ninety
‫ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬at-tāsi‘ the ninth
‫ ﺗﺸـﺮﻳﻦ اﻻول‬tišrīn2 al-wwal October, ‫ ﺗﺸـﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﺜـﺎﱏ‬t. at-tānī November (Syr.,
Ir., Leb., Jord.)
‫ ﺗﺸﻴﻜﻮﺳﻠﻮﻓﺎﻛﻴﺎ‬tšekoslovākiyā Czechoslovakia
‫ ﺗﺸﻴﻠﻰ‬tšīlī Chile
173
‫ ﺗﻄﻮان‬tiṯwān 2 Tetuēn (city in N Morocco)

‫ ﺗﻊ‬abbreviation of ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬, see ‫ﻋﻠﻮ‬
‫ ﺗﻌـﺐ‬ta‘iba a (ta‘ab) to work hard, toil, slave, drudge, wear o.s. out; to be
or become tired, weary (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.) IV to trouble, inconvenience (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
irk, bother, weary, tire, fatigue (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺗﻌـﺐ‬ta‘ab pl. ‫ اﺗﻌـﺎب‬at‘āb trouble, exertion, labor, toil, drudgery; burden,
nuisance, inconvenience, discomfort, difficulty, hardship; tiredness,
weariness, fatigue; pl. ‫ اﺗﻌﺎب‬fees, honorarium
‫ ﺗﻌﺐ‬ta‘ib and ‫ ﺗﻌﺒﺎن‬ta‘bān tired, weary, exhausted
‫ ﻣﺘﺎﻋــﺐ‬matā‘ib2 troubles, pains, efforts; discomforts, inconveniences,
difficulties, troubles; complaints, ailments, ills (attending disease);
hardships, strains
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺐ‬mut‘ib troublesome, inconvenient, toilsome, laborious; burdensome,
irksome, annoying; wearisome, tiresome, tiring; tedious, dull, boring
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺐ‬mut‘ab tired, weary
‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻊ‬ta‘ta‘a to stammer; to shake (‫ ه‬s.o.); ‫ اﺗﻌﺘﻊ‬itta‘ta‘a to move, stir
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻌﺰ‬ta‘izz2 Taizz (city in S Yemen, seat of government)
‫ ﺗﻌﺲ‬ta‘asa a, ta‘isa a to fall, perish; to become wretched, miserable; ta‘asa
and IV to make unhappy or miserable, ruin (s.o.)
‫ ﺗﻌﺲ‬ta‘s and ‫ ﺗﻌﺎﺳﺔ‬ta‘āsa wretchedness, misery
‫ ﺗﻌﺲ‬ta‘is and ‫ ﺗﻌﻴﺲ‬ta‘īs pl. ‫ ﺗﻌﺴﺎء‬tu‘asā’ wretched, miserable, unfortunate,
unhappy
‫ ﻣﺘﻌــﻮس‬mat‘ūs pl. ‫ ﻣﺘــﺎﻋﻴﺲ‬matā‘is wretched, miserable, unfortunate,
unhappy
‫ ﺗﻒ‬taffa to spit II to say "phew"
‫ ﺗﻒ‬tuff dirt under the fingernails; ‫ ﺗﻔﺎ ﻟﻚ‬tuffan laka phew! fie on you!
O ‫ ﺗﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬taffāfa spittoon, cuspidor
‫ ﺗﻔﺘﺎ‬tafettā, ‫ ﺗﻔﺘﺎﻩ‬taffeta
‫ ﺗﻔﺎح‬tuffaḥ (call.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬apple(s)
‫ ﺗﻔﻜﺔ‬tufka pl. ‫ ﺗﻔﻚ‬tufak (ir.) gun, rifle
‫ ﺗﻔﻞ‬tafala u i (tafl) to spit
174
‫ ﺗﻔﻞ‬tufl and ‫ ﺗﻔﺎل‬tufāl spit, spittle, saliva

‫ ﻓﻞ‬tāfil ill-smelling, malodorous
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﻠﺔ‬mitfala spittoon, cuspidor
‫ ﺗﻔﻪ‬tafiha a (tafah, ‫ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﺔ‬tafāha, ‫ ﺗﻔـﻮﻩ‬tufūh) to be little, paltry, insignificant;
to be flat, tasteless, vapid, insipid
‫ ﺗﻔﻪ‬tafah and ‫ ﺗﻔﻪ‬tufūh paltriness, triviality, insignificance
‫ ﺗﻔﺎﻫــﺔ‬tafāha paltrineBB, triviality, insignificance flatness, vapidity,
insipidity, tastelessness; inanity, stupidity, silliness
‫ﺗﻔــﻪ‬ tafih and ‫ﻓــﻪ‬ tāfih little, paltry, trivial, trifling, insignificant;
worthless; commonplace, common, mediocre; flat, tasteless, vapid, insipid;
trite, banal
‫ ﻓﻬﺔ‬tāfiha pl. ‫ ﺗﻮاﻓﻪ‬tawāfih2 worthless thing; triviality, trifle
‫ ﺗﻘﺎوى‬see ‫ﻗﻮى‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬see ‫ﻗﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻦ‬IV to perfect, bring to perfection (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th; to master, know well (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.,
Confidential
e.g., a language), be proficient, skillful, well-versed (‫ ﻫـ‬in s.th.)
‫ ﺗﻘﻦ‬tiqn skillful, adroit
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻧﺔ‬taqāna firmness, solidity; perfection
‫ اﺗﻘﻦ‬atqan2 more perfect, more thorough
‫ اﺗﻘـﺎن‬itqān perfection; thoroughness, exactitude, precision; thorough skill,
proficiency; mastery, command (e.g., of a special field, of a language)| ‫ﰱ‬
‫ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻻﺗﻘﺎن‬to greatest perfection; of excellent workmanship
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﻦ‬mutqan perfect; exact, precise
‫ ﺗﻘﻰ‬taqā i to fear (esp. God) VIII see ‫وﻗﻰ‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻰ‬taqīy pl. ‫ اﺗﻘﻴﺎء‬atqiyā’2 God-fearing, godly, devout, pious
‫ اﺗﻘﻰ‬atqā more pious
‫ ﺗﻘﻰ‬tuqan and ‫ ﺗﻘﻮى‬taqwā godliness, devoutness, piety
1 ‫ﺗـﻚ‬takka u to trample down, trample underfoot, crush (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
intoxicate (‫ ه‬s.o.; wine)
2 ‫ﺗﻚ‬tikka pl. ‫ ﺗﻜﻚ‬tikak waistband (in the upper seam of the trousers)
175
3 ‫ ﺗﻚ‬takka to tick (clock)

‫ ﺗﻜﺔ‬tikka pl. -āt ticking, ticktock (of a clock), ticking noise
3 ‫ ﺗﻜﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺗﻜﻮت‬tukūt pl. of Engl. ticket
1 ‫ ﺗﻜﺘﻚ‬taktaka to trample down, trample underfoot (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th)
2 ‫ ﺗﻜﺘﻚ‬taktaka to bubble, simmer (boiling mass)
3 ‫ ﺗﻜﺘﻚ‬taktaka to tick (clock)
‫ ﺗﻜﺘﻜﺔ‬taktaka ticking, ticktock (of a clock), ticking noise
4 ‫ ﺗﻜﺘﻴﻚ‬taktīk tactics
‫ﺗﻜﻴـﺔ‬takīya pl. ‫ ﺗﻜـﺎ‬takāyā monastery (of a Muslim order); hospice; home,
asylum (for the invalided or needy)
1 ‫ ﺗﻞ‬tall pl. ‫ ﺗﻼل‬tilāl, ‫ اﺗﻼل‬atlāl, ‫ ﺗﻠﻮل‬tulūl hill, elevation| ‫اﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻞ‬t. abīb Tel
Aviv (city in W Israel)
2 ‫ ﺗﻞ‬tull tulle
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻼﺗﻞ‬talātil2 hardships, troubles, adversities
‫ ﺗﻠﻴـﺪ‬talīd, ‫ ﻟـﺪ‬tālid, ‫ ﺗـﻼد‬tilād inherited, time-honored, old (possession,
property)
‫ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮب‬tiliskūb telescope
‫ ﺗﻠﻊ‬IV to stretch one's neck; to crane (‫ ﻫـ‬the neck)
‫ ﺗﻠﻌﺔ‬tal‘a pl. ‫ ﺗﻼع‬tilā‘ hill, hillside, mountainside; (torrential) stream
‫ ﺗﻠﻴﻊ‬talī‘ long, outstretched, extended; high, tall
‫ ﺗﻠﻐﺮاف‬tiligrāf, taligrāf pl. -āt telegraph; telegram, wire, cable|‫ارﺳﻞ ﺗﻠﻐﺮاﻓﺎ اﱃ‬
to send a wire to
‫ ﺗﻠﻐﺮاﰱ‬tiligrāfī, taligrāfī telegraphic
‫ ﺗﻠـﻒ‬talafa a (talaf) to be annihilated, be destroyed; to be or become
damaged or spoiled, be ruined, break, get broken, go to pieces II to ruin (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to wear out, “finish” (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to destroy, annihilate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to ruin,
damage, spoil, break (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to waste (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺗﻠﻒ‬talaf ruin, destruction; ruination, damage, injury, harm.; loss; waste
‫ ﺗﻠﻔﺎن‬talfān spoiled; useless, worthless, good-for-nothing
176
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﻒ‬matlaf, ‫ ﻣﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬matlafa pl. ‫ ﻣﺘﺎﻟﻒ‬matālif2 desert

‫ ﻣﺘﻼف‬mitlāl wastrel; ruinous, harmful, injurious
‫ اﺗﻼف‬itlāf pl. -āt annihilation, destruction; damage, injury, harm
‫ ﻟﻒ‬tālif ruined, damaged, broken; spoiled, bad
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﻮف‬matlūf and ‫ ﻣﺘﻠﻒ‬mutlaf ruined, damaged, broken; spoiled, bad
‫ ﻣﺘﻠـﻒ‬mutlif annihilator, destroyer; injurer; damaging, ruinous, harmful,
injurious, noxious
‫ ﺗﻠﻔﺰ‬talfaza to televise, transmit by television
‫ ﺗﻠﻔﺰة‬talfaza television
‫ اذاﻋﺔ ﺗﻠﻔﺎزﻳﺔ‬iḍāfa talfāẓīya television broadcast, telecast
O ‫ ﺗﻠﻔﺎز‬tilfāz television set
‫( ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳﻮن‬Fr. télévision) tilivisyōn television
‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬talfana to telephone
‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻮن‬tilifūn and ‫ ﺗﻠﻴﻔﻮن‬talīfūn pl. –āt telephone
‫ ﺗﻠﻘﺎء‬see ‫ﻟﻘﻰ‬
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻠﻚ‬tilka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ‫ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﺗﻠﻢ‬talam pl. ‫ اﺗﻼم‬atlām (plow) furrow
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺬ‬talmada to take on as, or have for, a pupil or apprentice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be
or become a pupil or apprentice (‫ ل‬of s.o., also ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, receive one’s
schooling or training (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬from) II tatalmada to be or become a pupil or
apprentice (‫ ل‬or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬ of s.o.), work as an apprentice (‫ ل‬or ‫ﻳـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬under
s.o.)
‫ ﺗﻠﻤــﺬة‬talmada school days, college years; apprenticeship; (time of)
probation
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺎذ‬tilmād learning, erudition
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﻴـﺬ‬tilmīd pl. ‫ ﺗﻼﻣﻴـﺬ‬talāmīd2, ‫ ﺗﻼﻣـﺬة‬talamida pupil, student, apprentice;
probationer; trainee; disciple| ‫( ﺗﻠﻤﻴـﺬ ﲝـﺮى‬baḥrī) approx.: chief warrant W-3
(naval rank; Eg.); ‫ﺗﻠﻤﻴـﺬ ﺳـﻔﺮى‬ (safarī) approx.: chief warrant W-4 (naval
rank; Eg.)
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬة‬tilmīda pl. –āt girl student
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺴﺎن‬tilimsān2 Tlemcen (city in NW Algeria)
177
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﻮد‬talmūd Talmud
‫ ﺗﻠﻪ‬taliha a (talah) to be astonished, amazed, perplexed, at a loss
‫ ﻟـﻪ‬tālih and ‫ ﻣﺘﻠـﻪ‬mutallah at a loss, bewildered, perplexed|‫ ﻟـﻪ اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ‬t. al-
‘aql absent-minded, distracted
(‫)ﺗﻠـﻮ‬‫ )ﺗـﻼ‬talā u (‫ ﺗﻠـﻮ‬tulūw) to follow, succeed; to ensue; -- (‫ ﺗـﻼوة‬tilāwa) to
read, read out loud (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o..); to recite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to follow one
another, be successive
‫ ﺗﻠﻮ‬tilwa (prep.) after, upon|‫ ارﺳﻞ ﻛﺘﺎ ﺗﻠﻮ ﻛﺘﺎب‬to send letter after letter
‫ ﺗﻼوة‬tilāwa reading; public reading; recital, recitation
‫ ل‬tālin following, succeeding, subsequent, next; ‫ ﻟﺘـﺎﱃ‬bi-t-tālī then,
later, subsequently; consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly
‫ ﻣﺘﺘﺎل‬mutatālin successive, consecutive
‫ ﺗﻠﻰ‬tallī (tun.) tulle
‫ ﺗﻠﻴﺒﺎﺛﻰ‬tilībātī telepathy; telepathic
‫ ﺗﻠﻴﺲ‬tallīs, tillis pl. ‫ ﺗﻼﻟﻴﺲ‬talālīs2 sack
Confidential
‫( ﺗﻠﻴﻔﺰﻳﻮن‬Fr. télévision) tilīvisyōn television
‫ ﺗﻠﻴﻔﻮن‬pl. –āt talīfūn telephone
‫ ﺗﻠﻴﻔﻮﱏ‬talifūnī telephonic, telephone- in compounds)
‫ ﰎ‬tamma i to be or beoome complete, completed, finished, done; to be
performed, be accomplished (‫ ل‬by s.o..); to come to an end, be or become
terminated; to come about, be brought about, be effected, be achieved, come
to pass, come off, happen, take place, be or become a fact; to be on hand, be
there, present itself; to persist (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in); to continue (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. or to do s.th.) II
and IV to complete, finish, wind up, conclude, terminate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make
complete, supplement, round out, fill up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to carry out, execute,
perform, accomplish, achieve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to be complete, completed,

finished
‫ ﲤـﺎم‬tamām completeness, wholeness, entirety, perfection; full, whole,
entire, complete, perfect; separate, independent; ‫ ﲤﺎﻣـﺎ‬tamāman completely,
entirely, wholly, perfectly, fully, quite; precisely, exactly| ‫(ﺑـﺪر ﲤـﺎم‬badr) and
‫( ﻗﻤﺮ ﲤـﺎم‬qamar) full moon; ‫ ﰱ ﲤـﺎم اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﺎدﺳـﺔ‬at 6 o'clock sharp; ‫ﺑﺘﻤـﺎم ﻣﻌـﲎ‬
178
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺔ‬ (ma‘nā l-kalima) in the full sense of the word; ‫ﻟﺘﻤــﺎم‬ entirely,
completely
‫ ﲤﻴﻤﺔ‬tamīma pl. ‫ ﲤﺎﺋﻢ‬tamā’im2 amulet
‫ اﰎ‬atamm2 more complete, more perfect
‫ ﺗﺘﻤﺔ‬tatimma completion; supplementation; supplement
‫ ﺗﺘﻤ ــﻴﻢ‬tatmīm completion; perfection; consummation, execution,
fulfillment, realization, effectuation, accomplishment
‫ اﲤـ ــﺎم‬itmām completion; perfection; termination, conclusion;
consummation, execution, fulfillment, realization, effectuation,
accomplishment
‫ اﺳﺘﺘﻤﺎم‬istitmām termination, conclusion
‫ م‬tāmm complete, perfect, entire, consummate; of full value, sterling,
genuine
‫ ﲤﺒﺎك‬tumbāk Persian tobacco (esp. for the narghile)
‫ ﲤﺘﻢ‬tamtama to stammer, mumble, mutter; to recite under one's breath (‫ب‬
s.th)
‫ ﲤـﺮ‬tamr (coll.; n. un. ‫ة‬, pl. tamarat, ‫ ﲤـﻮر‬tumūr) dates, esp. dried ones| ‫ﲤـﺮ‬
Confidential
‫( ﻫﻨﺪى‬hindī) tamarind (bot.)
‫( ﲤﺮﺟـﻰ‬eg. tamargī), ‫ ﺗـﻮﻣﺮﺟﻰ‬,‫ ﲤـﻮرﺟﻰ‬pl. -ya male nurse, hospital attendant;
‫ ﲤﺮﺟﻴﺔ‬pl. -āt female nurse
‫ ﲤﻮز‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﲤﺴﺎح‬timsāḥ pl. ‫ ﲤﺎﺳﻴﺢ‬tamāsīḥ2 crocodile
‫ ﲤﻐﺔ‬tamga stamp; stamp mark|‫ ورق ﲤﻐﺔ‬waraq t. stamped paper
‫ ﲤﻦ‬tumman rice
‫ ﲤﻮز‬tammūz2 July (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)
1 ‫ ﺗﻦ‬tunn tuna (zool.)
2 ‫ﺗﻴـﻨﻦ‬ tinnīn pl. ‫ﺗﻨـﺎﻧﲔ‬ tanānīn2 sea monster; Draco (astro.); waterspout
(meteor.), see also alphabetically
‫ ﻧﺊ‬tāni’ pl. ‫ ﺗﻨﺎء‬tunnā’ resident
‫ ﺗﻨﺒـﺎك‬tunbāk (pronounced tumbāk) and ‫ ﺗﻨﺒـﻚ‬tumbak Persian tobacco (esp.
for the narghile)
‫ ﺗﻨﺒﺎل‬tinbāl pl. ‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺑﻴﻞ‬tanābīl2 short, of small Stature
179
‫( ﺗﻨﱪ‬Fr. timbre) tambar pl. ‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺑﺮ‬tanābir2 stamp (magr.)

‫ ﻣﺘﻨﱪ‬mutambar stamped (magr.)
‫( ﺗﻨﺒﻞ‬Turk. tembel) tambal pl. ‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬tanābila lazy
‫( ﺗﻨﺠﺴﺘﲔ‬Fr. tungstène) tongəstēn tungsten
‫( ﺗﻨﺪة‬It. tenda) tanda awning, roofing, sun roof
‫ ﺗﻨـﻮر‬tannūr pl. ‫ ﺗﻨـﺎﻧﲑ‬tanānīr2 a kind of baking oven, a pit, usually clay-
lined, for baking bread
‫ ﺗﻨﻮرة‬tannūra (syr., leb.) (lady's) skirt
‫ ﺗﻨﺲ‬tennis
1 ‫ ﺗﻨﻚ‬tanak tin plate
‫ ﺗﻨﻜﺠﻰ‬tanakjī tinsmith, whitesmith
‫ ﺗﻨﻜﺔ‬tanaka pl. -āt tin container, can, pot, jerry can
2 ‫ ﻧﻚ‬tānika see ‫ ك‬alphabetically
‫ ﺗﻨﻴﺲ‬tennis
‫ ﺗﻨﲔ‬tannīn tannin, tannic acid
Confidential
‫ ﺘﻪ‬tahtaha to stammer, stutter
1 ‫ ﻤﺔ‬tuhma pl. ‫ ﻢ‬tuham accusation, charge; suspicion; insinuation
2‫ ﺎﻣـﺔ‬tihāma2 Tihama, coastal plain along the southwestern and southern
shores of the Arabian Peninsula
‫ ﺗﻮا‬tawwan right away, at once, immediately; just (now), this very minute|
‫ﻟﻠﺘـﻮ‬li-t-tawwi at once, right away, also with pers. suffix.: ‫ ﻟﺘـﻮى‬li-tawwī, ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻫـﺎ‬
li-tawwihā (I have, she has) just ... ; at once, presently, immediately
‫( ﺗﻮاﻟﻴﺖ‬Fr. toilette) tuwālēt toilette
‫ ﺗﻮأم‬see ‫م‬
(‫ب‬ (‫ ﺗﻮب‬tāba u (‫ ﺗﻮب‬taub, ‫ ﺗﻮﺑـﺔ‬tauba, ‫ ﻣﺘـﺎب‬matāb) to repent, be penitent,
do penance, with ‫ﻋـﻦ‬: to turn from (sin), be converted from, renounce,
forswear s.th.; (said of God) to restore to His grace, forgive (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)| ‫ب اﱃ‬
‫ ﷲ‬to turn to God in repentance II to induce to repentance or penitence, make
repent (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to call on s.o. (‫ )ه‬to repent
‫ ﺗﻮﺑﺔ‬tauba repentance, penitence, contrition; penance
180
‫ ﺗــﻮاب‬tawwāb doing penance; repentant, penitent, contrite; forgiving,

merciful (God)
‫ ﺋﺐ‬tā’ib repentant, penitent, contrite
‫ ﺗﻮﺑﻞ‬see ‫ﺗﺒﻞ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺑﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ‬tobogrāfiyā topography
1 ‫ ﺗﻮت‬tūt mulberry tree; mulberry|‫ارﺿﻰ‬ ‫( ﺗﻮت‬ardī) and ‫ﺗـﻮت اﻓﺮﳒـﻰ‬ (ifranjī)
strawberry; ‫ﺷﻮﻛﻰ‬ ‫( ﺗﻮت‬šaukī) and ‫ ﺗﻮت اﻟﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬t. al-‘ullaiq raspberry
2 ‫ ﺗﻮت‬tūt the first month of the Coptic calendar
‫ ﺗﻮﺗﻴﺎ‬tūtiyā, ‫ ﺗﻮﺗﻴﺎء‬tūtiyā’, ‫ ﺗﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬zinc
‫ ﺗﻮج‬II to crown (‫ ه‬s.o.; also fig. ‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with) V to be crowned
‫ ج‬pl. ‫ ﺗﻴﺠـﺎن‬tījān crown; miter (of a bishop)|‫ ج اﻟﻌﻤـﻮد‬t. al-‘amūd capital
of a column or pilaster); ‫اﻟﻜﺮة‬ ‫ج‬ t. al-kura calotte
‫ ﺗﻮﻳﺞ‬tuwaij little crown, coronet
‫ ﺗﺘﻮﻳﺞ‬tatwīj crowning, coronation
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻮ‬tōgo and ‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻮﻟﻨﺪ‬tōgōland (Eg. spelling) Togo (region in W Africa)
(‫ح‬ (‫ ﺗﻮح‬see ‫ﺗﻴﺢ‬
‫ رة‬tāratan once; sometimes, at times|‫ رة – ﻃﻮرا‬,‫( رة – رة‬ṯauran), – ‫رة‬
‫( اﺧﺮى‬uḳrā) sometimes – sometimes, at times – at other times
‫ ﺗﻮراة‬taurāh Torah, Pentateuch; Old Testament
‫ ﺗﻮرﺑﻴﺪ‬,‫ ﺗﻮرﭙﻳﺪ‬turpīd, turbīd torpedo (sub-marine missile)
‫ ﺗﻮرﺑﲔ‬turbīn pl. -āt turbine
‫ ﺗﻮرﺗﺔ‬torta pl. -āt pie, tart
(‫ق‬ (‫ ﺗـﻮق‬tāqa u (tauq, ‫ ﺗﻮﻗـﺎن‬tawaqān) to long., yearn, wish (‫ اﱃ‬for),
hanker (‫ اﱃ‬after), desire, crave, covet (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), strive (‫ اﱃ‬for), aspire (‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ﺗﻮق‬tauq, ‫ ﺗﻮﻗﺎن‬tawaqān longing, yearning, craving, desire

‫ ﺗﻮاق‬tawwāq longing, yearning, eager (‫ اﱃ‬for), craving (‫ اﱃ‬s.th)
‫ ﺋﻖ‬tā’iq longing, yearning, eager (‫ اﱃ‬for), craving (‫ اﱃ‬s.th)
‫( ﺗﻮﻛﺔ اﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬tōka amāmīya; eg.) belt buckle (mil.)
‫ ﺗﻮل‬tūl tulle
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‫ ﺗﻮﻣﺮﺟﻰ‬see ‫ﲤﺮﺟﻰ‬
‫ ﺗﻮن‬tūn and ‫ ﺗﻮﻧﺔ‬tūna (zool.)
‫( ﺗﻮﻧﺞ‬Turk. tunç) tunj bronze
‫ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‬tūnus2 Tunis
‫ ﺗﻮﻧﺴﻰ‬tūnisīy pl. ‫ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺔ‬tawānisa Tunisian (adj. and n.)
‫ ﺗﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬tūniya pl. ‫ ﺗﻮاﱏ‬alb of priests and deacons (Chr.)
(‫ﻩ‬ (‫ ﺗﻮﻩ‬tāha u and II = (‫ ﺗﻴﻪ( ﻩ‬tāha i and II
‫ ﺗﻮﻫﺔ‬tūha daughter
‫( ﺗﻴﺎﺗﺮو‬It. teatro) tiyātrō theater
‫ ﺗﻴﺘﻞ‬taital pl. ‫ ﺗﻴﺎﺗﻞ‬see ‫ﺛﻴﺘﻞ‬
‫ ﺗﻴﺘﻨﻮس‬tītānūs tetanus (med.)
(‫ح‬ (‫ ﺗـﻴﺢ‬tāḥa i to be destined, be foreordained (by fate, by God; ‫ل‬ to
s.o.); to be granted, be given (‫ ل‬to s.o.) IV to destine, foreordain (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o.
s.th.); to grant, afford, offer (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.); pass. utīḥa to be destined, be
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foreordained, be granted, be
with success, he was successful;

opportunity, he had the chance .
given (‫ ل‬to s.o.)|‫( اﺗـﻴﺢ ﻟـﻪ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴـﻖ‬utīḥa) he met
‫اﺗـﻴﺢ ﻟـﻪ اﻟﻔﺮﺻـﺔ‬ (furṣa) he was given the
‫ ﺗﻴـﺎر‬tayyār pl. -āt flow, stream, course, current, flood; fall (of a stream);
movement, tendency, trend; draft (of air); (el.) current|O ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮ‬ ‫( ﺗﻴﺎر‬mubāšir)
and ‫ ﺗﻴـﺎر ﻣﺴـﺘﻤﺮ‬mustamirr) direct current; O ‫( ﺗﻴـﺎر ﻣﺘﻨـﺎوب‬mutanāwib) and O
‫( ﺗﻴــﺎر ﻣﺘﻐــﲑ‬mutagayyir) alternating current; O ‫ ﺗﻴــﺎر ﻣﺘﺬﺑــﺬب‬mutadabdib)
oscillating current (el.); O ‫ر ﺑـﺾ‬ (nābiḍ) pulaoting current; O ‫ر ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ‬
‫اﻟـﱰدد‬ (sarī‘ at-taraddud) high-frequency current; O ‫ﺗﻴـﺎرﺑﻄﻲء اﻟـﱰدد‬ (baṯī’ at-
taraddud) low-frequency current; O ‫اﳉﻬـﺪ‬ ‫‘( ﺗﻴـﺎر ﻋـﺎﱃ‬ālī l-jahd) heigh-tension
current; O ‫ﺗﻴـﺎر واﻃـﺊ اﳉﻬـﺪ‬ (wāṯI’ al-jahd) low-tension current; O ‫ﺗﻴـﺎر ذاﺗـﻰ‬
(dātī) self-induced current
O ‫ ﻣﺘﺎر‬matār (Byr.) dynamo, generator
‫( ﺗﻴﺰة‬Turk. teyze) tēza maternal aunt
‫ ﺗﻴﺲ‬tais pl. ‫ اﺗﻴﺎس‬atyās, ‫ ﺗﻴﻮس‬tuyūs billy goat
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‫ اﺗﻴﺲ‬atyās2 foolish, crazy

‫ اﳊﻤﻰ اﻟﺘﻴﻔﻮدﻳﺔ‬al-hummā t-tīfūdīya typhoid fever
‫ ﺗﻴﻔﻮس‬tīfūs typhus
‫ ﺗﻴﻚ‬tīka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ‫ ذاك‬dāka
1‫ ﺗﻴﻞ‬II (from Turk. tel) to cable, wire, telegraph (syr.)
2‫ ﺗﻴﻞ‬tīl hemp; linen
3‫ ﺗﻴﻠﺔ‬tīla fiber, staple
1(‫م‬ (‫ ﺗﻴﻢ‬tāma I (taim) to become enslaved, enthralled by love; to enslave,

make blindly subservient (‫ ه‬s.o.; through love) II to enslave, enthrall (love;
‫ ه‬s.o.); to make blindly subservient, drive out of his mind, infatuate (‫ ه‬s.o.;
love)
‫ ﻣﺘﻴﻢ‬mutayyam enslaved, enthralled (by love), infatuated
2 ‫ ﺗﻴﻤﺎء‬taimā’ Taima (oasis in NW Arabia)
‫ ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﺟﻰ‬see ‫ﲤﺮﺟﻰ‬
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‫ ﺗـﲔ‬tīn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬fig |‫( ﺗـﲔ ﺷـﻮﻛﻲ‬šaukī) fruit of the Indian fig (Opuntia
ficusindica Haw.)
‫ ﺗﻴﻨﻚ‬tainika see ‫ ك‬alphabetically
(‫ﻩ‬ (‫ﺗﻴـﻪ‬ tāha i to get lost, wander about, 1ose one's way, go astray; to
stray, wander (thoughts); to escape (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.), slip (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.’s memory); to
perish, be destroyed, be lost; to be perplexed, startled, astonished; to be
haughty; to swagger, boast, brag (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.)|‫اﺑﺘﺴـﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻴـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬ asmile
flits over his face II to mislead, lead astray (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distract, divert (‫ه‬
s.o.); to confuse, confound, bewilder (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II
‫ ﺗﻴﻪ‬tīh desert, trackless wilderness; maze, labyrinth; haughtiness, pride
‫ ﺗﻴﺎﻩ‬tayyāh straying, stray, wandering; haughty
‫ ﺗﻴﻬـﺎن‬taihān2 straying, stray, wandering; perplexed, at a loss, bewildered;
proud, hughty
‫ ﺗﻴﻬﺎء‬taihā’2 and matāha a trackless, desolate region; ‫ ﻣﺘﺎﻫﺔ‬maze, labyrinth
‫ ﺋــﻪ‬tā’ih straying, stray, wandering, roving, errant; lost in thought,
distracted, absent-minded; lost, forlorn; infinite; haughty
‫( ﺗﻴﻮﻟﻴﺐ‬Engl.) tulip
183
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184
‫ث‬
‫ ث‬abbreviation of ‫ ﻧﻴﺔ‬second (time unit)
‫ ء‬tā’ name of the letter ‫ث‬
‫ ﺛﺌﺐ‬ta’iba a (‫ ب‬ta’b) and VI to yawn
‫ ﺛﺆ ء‬tu’abā’ yawning, yawn; fatigue, weariness
‫ ر‬ta’ara a (ta’r) to avenge the blood of (‫ ه‬or ‫)ب‬, take blood revenge (‫ه‬
for s.o. killed), take vengeance, avenge o.s. (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬on s.o. for, also ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ل‬
for) IV and VIII ‫ ا ر‬itta’ara to get one’s revenge, be avenged
‫ ر‬ta’r pl. -āt ‫ أ ر‬at’ār, ‫ آ ر‬ātār revenge, vengeance, blood revenge;
retaliation, reprisal|‫رﻩ‬ ‫ أﺧـﺬ‬or ‫ أﺧـﺬ ﻟﺜـﺄر‬to take revenge, avenge o.s.; ‫ﻣﺒـﺎراة‬
‫ اﻟﺜﺄر‬mubārāt at-t. return match (sports)
‫ ﺋﺮ‬tā’ir avenger
‫ ﺛﺆﻟﻮل‬tu’lūl and ‫ ﺛﺆﻟﻮﻟﺔ‬tu’lūla pl. ‫ ﻟﻴﻞ‬ta’ālīl2 wart
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‫ ى‬ta’ā scars
‫ ﺛﺒـﺖ‬tabata u (‫ ﺛﺒـﺎت‬tabāt, ‫ ﺛﺒـﻮت‬tubūt) to stand firm, be fixed, stationary,
immovable, unshakable, firm, strong, stable; to hold out, hold one's ground
(‫ ل‬against s.o. or s.th.), be firm, remain firm (‫ ل‬toward s.o. or s.th.),
withstand, resist, defy (‫ ل‬s.o. or s.th.); to be established, be proven (fact); to

remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a place); to maintain (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), keep, stick, adhere (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
to s.th.), abide or stand by s.th. (‫ ;ﻋﻠـﻰ‬e.g., by an agreement); to insist (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
on)| ‫ﺛﺒـﺖ ﰱ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬ (fī wajhihī) to hold one’s own against s.o., assert o.s.
against s.o. II to fasten, make fast, fix (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to consolidate, strengthen (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to stabilize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to confirm, corroborate, substantiate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
appoint permanently (. s.o.; to an office); to prove, establish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
demonstrate, show (‫ ن‬that); to prove guilty, convict (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a defendant); to
confirm (Chr.)| ‫ﺑـﻪ‬‫(ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﺼﺮﻩ‬baṣarahu) to fix one’s eyes on, gaze at; ‫ﺛﺒـﺖ ﻗﺪﻣﻴـﻪ‬
(qadamaihi) to gain a foothold IV to establish, determine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to assert
as valid or authentic, affirm (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to confirm, corroborate, substantiate (‫ﻫـ‬
185
s.th.); to prove (‫ﻫـ‬‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. to s.o.; ‫ ل‬to s.o., ‫ ان‬that); to demonstrate, show (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to furnish competent evidence (‫ ﻫـ‬for); to bear witness, attest (‫ ﻫـ‬to); to
acknowledge (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., a qualification, a quality, ‫ ل‬in s.o.), concede (‫ل ﻫـ‬
s.th. to s.o.); to prove guilty, convict (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a defendant); to enter, record,
register, list (‫ﻫـ‬‫ ﰱ‬s.th. in a book, in a rooter, etc.)| ‫( اﺛﺒﺘﻪ ﰱ اﻟـﻮرق‬waraq) to put
s.th. down in writing, get s.th. on paper; ‫( اﺛﺒـﺖ اﻟﺸـﺨﺺ‬šaḳṣa) to determine
s.o.’s identity, identify s.o.; ‫( اﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ‬šaḳṣīyatahū) to identify o.s., prove
one’s identity V to ascertain, verify (‫ ﰱ‬s.th., ‫ ﻫﻞ‬if), make sure (‫ ﰱ‬of s.th., ‫ﻫﻞ‬
if); to consider carefully (‫ ﰱ‬s.th.), proceed with caution (‫ ﰱ‬in) X to show
o.s. stead-fast, persevering; to seek to verify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), try to make sure (‫ﻫ ـ‬
of), seek confirmation of or reassurance with regard to (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to ascertain,

verify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make sure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to find right, proven or true, see
confirmed (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to regard as authentic (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
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‫ ﺛﺒﺖ‬tabt firm, fixed, established; steadfast, unflinching; brave
‫ ﺛﺒﺖ‬tabat reliable, trustworthy, credible
‫ ﺛﺒﺖ‬tabat pl. ‫ اﺛﺒﺎت‬atbāt list, index, roster
‫ ﺛﺒــﺎت‬tabāt firmness; steadiness, constancy, permanence, stability;
certainty, sureness; perseverance, persistence, endurance; continuance,
maintenance, retention (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.th.), adherence (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
‫ ﺛﺒـﻮت‬tubūt constancy, immutability, steadiness; permanence, durability;
certainty, sureness| ‫ﺛﺒـﻮت اﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‬t. aš-šahr the official determination of the
beginning of a lunar month
‫ اﺛﺒﺖ‬atbat more reliable, firmer, steadier, etc.
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴــﺖ‬tatbīt consolidation, strengthening; stabilization; confirmation;
corroboration, substantiation| ‫ﺳــﺮ اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴــﺖ‬ sirr at-t. the Sacrament of
Confirmation (Chr.)
‫ اﺛﺒـﺎت‬itbāt establishment; assertion; confirmation; affirmation, attestation;
demonstration; proof, evidence; registration, entering, listing, recording;
documentation, authentication, verification| ‫ﺷــﺎﻫﺪ اﺛﺒــﺎت‬ witness for the
prosecution; ‫اﻻﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫‘ ﻋﺐء‬ib’ al-i. burden of proof (jur.)
186
‫ اﺛﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬itbātī affirmative, confirmatory, corroborative, positive

‫ ﺗﺜﺒـﺖ‬tatabbut ascertainment; verification, examination, check; careful,
cautious procedure, circumspection; interment (of the remains of a saint;
Chr.)
‫ ﺑــﺖ‬tābit firm, fixed, established; stationary, immovable; steady,
invariable, constant, stable; permanent, lasting, durable, enduring;
confirmed, proven; a constant| ‫ﺑـﺖ اﳉـﺄش‬ t. al-ja’š undismayed, fearless,
staunch, steadfast; ‫ ﺑﺖ اﻟﻌﺰم‬t. al-‘azm firmly resolved, determined; ‫ﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻣﻼك‬
and ‫أﻣـﻮال ﺑﺘـﺔ‬ immovable property, real estate, realty; O ‫ﺑـﺖ اﻻﲡـﺎﻩ‬ t. al-
ittijāh unidirectional, rectified (el.)
‫ ﺑﺘﺔ‬tābita pl. ‫ ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ‬tawābit2 fixed star
‫ ﻣﺜﺒـﻮت‬matbūt established, confirmed; certain, sure, positive, assured;
proven
‫ ﺛـﱪ‬tabara u to destroy, ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.); (‫ ﺛﺒـﻮر‬tubūr) to perish III to apply o.s.
with zeal and perseverance (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.th.), persevere, persist (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in)
‫ ﺛﺒـﻮر‬tubūr ruin, destruction|‫ دى ﻟﻮﻳـﻞ واﻟﺜﺒـﻮر )دﻋـﺎ‬or) nādā (da‘ā) bi-l-wail
Confidential
wa-t-t. to wail, burst into loud laments
‫ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﺮة‬mutābara persistence, perseverance, endurance; diligence, assiduity
‫ ﺛـﺒﻂ‬tabaṯa u and II to hold back, keep, prevent (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from doing
s.th.); to hinder, handicap, impede, slow down, set back (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
bring about the failure (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.), frustrate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺛﺒﻨﺔ‬tubna pl. ‫ ﺛﱭ‬tuban lap, fold of a garment (used as a receptacle)

‫ ﺛﺒﺎن‬tibān = ‫ ﺛﺒﻨﺔ‬tubna
‫ ﺛﻴﺘﻞ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺛﺞ‬tajja u to flow coplously
‫ ﺛﺠﺎج‬tajjāj coplously flowing, streaming
‫ ﺛﺨﻦ‬taḳuna u to be or become thick, thicken; to be firm, solid, compact IV
to wear out, exhaust, weaken (‫ ه‬s.o.)| ‫( اﺛﺨﻨـﻪ ﺿـﺮ‬ḍarban) to wallop s.o., give
s.o. a sound thrashing; ‫‘( اﺛﺨـﻦ ﰱ اﻟﻌـﺪو‬aduw) to massacre the enemy; ‫اﺛﺨﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﳉﺮاح‬ to weaken s.o. by inflicting wounds
187
‫ ﺛﺨـﻦ‬tiḳan, ‫ ﺛﺨﺎﻧـﺔ‬taḳāna, ‫ ﺛﺨﻮﻧـﺔ‬tuḳūna thickness, density; consistency;

compactness
‫ ﺛﺨﲔ‬taḳīn pl. ‫ ﺛﺨﻨﺎء‬tuḳanā’2 thick; dense
‫ ﺛﺪى‬tady and tadyan m. and f., pl. ‫ اﺛﺪاء‬atdā’ female breast; udder
‫ ﺛﺮ‬tarr abounding in water| ‫( ﺛﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻣﻊ‬dam‘) tear-wet, tear-blurred (eye)
‫ ﺛﺮب‬taraba i (tarb) and II to blame, censure (‫ ه‬and ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ ﺗﺜﺮﻳﺐ‬tatrīb blame, censure, reproof
‫ ﺛﺮﺛﺮ‬tartara (‫ ﺛﺮﺛﺮة‬tartara) to chatter, prattle
‫ ﺛﺮ ر‬tartār prattler, chatterbox; ‫ ﺛﺮ رة‬tartāra do. (fem.)
‫ ﺛﺮﺛﺮة‬tartara chatter, prattle
‫ ﺛﺮد‬tarada u to crumble and sop (‫ ﻫـ‬bread)
‫ ﺛﺮﻳﺪ‬jarid a dish of sopped bread, meat and broth
‫ ﻣﺜﺮد‬mitrad bowl
‫ ﺛـﺮم‬tarama i (tarm) to knock s.o.’o (‫ )ه‬tooth out; -- tarima a (taram) to
Confidential
have a gap between two teeth
(‫ ﺛـﺮو‬and‫ ﺛـﺮى( ﺛـﺮى‬tariya a to become wealthy IV to become or be rich,
wealthy (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬through s.th.); to make rich, enrich (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺛـﺮى‬taran moist earth; ground, soil| ‫ اﻳـﻦ اﻟﺜـﺮى ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺜـﺮ‬aina t-t. min t-turayyā
(proverbially of things of disproportionate value) what has the ground to do
with the Pleiades? ‫ﻃﻴـﺐ ﷲ ﺛـﺮاﻩ‬ (ṯayyaba) approx.: may God rest him in
peace!
‫ ﺛـﺮى‬tarīy pl. ‫ اﺛـﺮ ء‬atriyā’2 wealthy, rich|‫ ﺛـﺮى اﳊـﺮب‬t. al-ilarb war profiteer,
nouveau riche
‫ﺛﺮي‬tarīyāt plantations
‫ ﺛـﺮوة‬tarwa and ‫ ﺛـﺮوة‬tarā’ fortune, wealth, riches|‫ اﻫـﻞ اﻟﺜـﺮوة‬ahl at-t. the rich,
the wealthy; ‫ﺛــﺮوة ﻗﻮﻣﻴــﺔ‬ (qaumīya) national wealth; ‫ﺛــﺮوة ﻣﺎﺋﻴــﺔ‬ (mā’īya)
abundance of water, abundant supply of water (of a region)
‫ ﺛﺮ‬turayyā Pleiades; (also ‫ )ﺛﺮﻳﺔ‬pl. ‫ ﺛﺮ ت‬turayyāt chandelier
‫ ﻣﺜﺮ‬mutr wealthy, rich
‫ ﺛﻌﺒﺎن‬tu‘bān pl. ‫ ﺛﻌﺎﺑﲔ‬ta‘ābīn snake| ‫ ﺛﻌﺒﺎن اﳌﺎء‬t. al-mā’ eel
‫ ﺛﻌﺒﺎﱏ‬tu‘bānī snaky, snakelike, serpentine; eely
188
‫ ﻣﺜﻌﺐ‬mat‘ab pl. ‫ ﻣﺜﺎﻋﺐ‬matā‘ib2 drain

‫ ﺛﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬tu‘āla fox
‫ ﺛﻌﻠﺐ‬ta‘lab pl. ‫ ﺛﻌﺎﻟﺐ‬ta‘ālib2 fox| ‫ داء اﻟﺜﻌﻠﺐ‬alopecia (med.), loss of hair
‫ ﺛﻌﻠﱮ‬ta‘labī foxy, foxlike
‫ ﺛﻌﻠﺒﺔ‬ta‘laba vixen; O tetter (med)
‫ ﺛﻐﺮ‬tagir pl. ‫ ﺛﻐﻮر‬tugūr front tooth; mouth; port, harbor, inlet, bay; seaport
‫ ﺛﻐـﺮة‬tagra pl. ‫ ﺛﻐـﺮ‬tugar breach, crevasse, crack, rift, crevice; opening, gap;
cavity, hollow; narrow mountain trail
‫ ﺛﻐﻢ‬tagam white, whiteness
‫ ﻏﻢ‬tāgim white (adj.)
‫ )ﺛﻐﺎ )ﺛﻐﻮ‬tagā u (‫ ﺛﻐﺎء‬tugā’) to bleat (sheep)
‫ ﺛﻐﺎء‬tugā’ bleating, bleat
‫ غ‬tāgin bleating| ‫( ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻏﻴـﺔ وﻻ راﻏﻴـﺔ‬tagiya) he has absolutely nothing, he
is deprived of all resources, prop.: he has neither a bleating (sheep) nor a
braying (camel)
Confidential
‫ ﺛﻔﺮ‬tafar pl. ‫ اﺛﻔﺎر‬atfār crupper (of the saddle)
‫ ﺛﻔﻞ‬tufl dregs, lees, sediment; residues
‫ ﺛﻔـﻦ‬III to associate (‫ ه‬with s.o.), frequent s.o.’s (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬company; to pursue,
practice (‫ ه‬s.th.)
‫ ﺛﻔﻨﺔ‬taftna pl. -āt, ‫ ﺛﻔﻦ‬tifan callus, callosity
‫ اﺛﻔﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺛﻘﺔ‬see ‫وﺛﻖ‬
‫ ﺛﻘـﺐ‬taqaba u (taqb) to bore, or drill, a hole (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in s.th.), pierce, puncture,
perforate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II do. II and IV to light, kindle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V and VII to be
pierced, be punctured, be perforated
‫ ﺛﻘـﺐ‬taqb piercing, boring, puncture, perforation; (also tuqb pl. ‫ﺛﻘـﻮب‬
tuqūb, ‫ اﺛﻘﺎب‬atqāb) hole, puncture, borehole, drill hole
‫ ﺛﻘﺒﺔ‬tuqba pl. ‫ ﺛﻘﺐ‬tuqab hole
‫ ﺛﻘﺎب‬and ‫‘ ﻋﻮد اﻟﺜﻘﺎب‬ūd al-tiqāb match-stick; matches
‫ ﺛﻘﻮب‬tuqūb keenness, acuteness (of the mind)
189
‫ ﻣﺜﻘـﺐ‬mitqab pl. ‫ ﻣﺜﺎﻗـﺐ‬matāqib2 borer, drill, gimlet, auger, brace and bit,
wimble, perforator; drilling machine
‫ اﺛﻘﺎب‬itqāb kindling, lighting
‫ ﻗـﺐ‬dqib penetrating, plercing, sharp (mind, eyes)| ‫ ﻗـﺐ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬t. an-naẓar
perspicacity; sharp-eyed; ‫ﻗــﺐ اﻟﻔﻜــﺮ‬ t. al-fikr sagacity, acumen, mental
acuteness; shrewd, sagacious, sharp-witted
‫ ﻗﺒﺎت‬tāqibāt borers (zool.)
‫ ﺛﻘـﻒ‬taqifa a (taqf) to find, meet (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- taqifa a and taqufa u to be
skillful, smart, clever II to make straight, straighten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to correct, set
right, straighten out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to train, form, teach, educate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.); to arrest
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.); to seize, confiscate (‫ ه‬s.th.) III to fence (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be
trained, be educated
‫ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬taqāfa culture, refinement; education; (pl. -āt) culture, civilization
‫ ﺛﻘـﺎﰱ‬taqāfī educational; intellectual; cultural| ‫( ﻣﻠﺤـﻖ ﺛﻘـﺎﰱ‬mulḥaq) cultural
attaché
Confidential
‫ ﺛﻘﻴﻒ‬tatqīf cultivation of the mind; training, education; instruction
‫ ﻣﺜﺎﻗﻔ ــﺔ‬mutāqafa fencing, art or sport of fencing, swordplay,
swordsmanship
‫ ﺗﺜﻘﻒ‬tataqquf culturedness, culture, refinement, education
‫ ﻣﺜﻘﻒ‬mutaqqaf educated; trained; cultured
‫ ﺛﻘـﻞ‬taqula u (tiql, ‫ ﺛﻘﺎﻟـﺔ‬taqāla) to be heavy; with ‫ ب‬to load or burden s.th.,
make s.th. heavy; to be hard to bear (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.), weigh heavily (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on),
be burdensome, cumbersome, oppressive (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); to be heavy-handed.
sluggish, doltish, dull-witted; to be too dull, too sluggish (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for s.th. to do

s.th.), not to bother (or about) II to make heavy, weight (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to burden,
encumber (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.), overburden (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), overtax s.o.’s (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

strength, ask too much (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.o.); to trouble, inconvenience, bother (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.o. ‫ ب‬with s.th.), pester, molest (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)| ‫ﺛﻘﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﻠـﻪ‬and ‫( اﺛﻘـﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﻠـﻪ‬kāhilahū)
to burden s.o. or s.th; ‫اﳌﻴـﺰان‬‫ اﺛﻘـﻞ ﻛﺎﻫـﻞ‬to burden the budget IV to burden ( ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.); to oppress, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.). weigh heavily (‫ ه‬on); to be hard to
190
bear (‫ ه‬for s.o.)| ‫( اﺛﻘﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﻠﻪ‬kāhilahū) see II; VI to become or be heavy; to be

troublesome, burdensome (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.), trouble. oppress (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to be
sluggish. doltish. slow; to be in a bad mood, be sullen, grumpy; to find
burdensome and turn away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.th.); not to bother (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬about); to be
too dull, too sluggish (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for s.th., to do s.th.) X to find heavy, hard.
burdensome, troublesome (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), find annoying (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.. s.th.)|‫اﺳﺘﺜﻘﻞ ﻇﻠـﻪ‬
(ẓillahū) to find s.o. unbearable, dislike s.o.
‫ ﺛﻘـﻞ‬tiql pl. ‫ اﺛﻘـﺎل‬atqāl weight; burden load; gravity; heaviness| ‫رﻓـﻊ اﻻﺛﻘـﺎل‬
raf‘ al-a. weight lifting (athlet.); ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﻞ‬ (nau‘ī) specific gravity
‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬tiqal heaviness; sluggishness, dullness
‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬taqal pl. ‫ اﺛﻘﺎل‬atqāl load, baggage
‫ اﻟﺜﻘﻼن‬at-taqalān the humans and the jinn
‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬taqla trouble, inconvenience, discomfort
‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬taqala heaviness; sluggishness, doltishness; dullness
‫ ﺛﻘﻴـﻞ‬taqīl pl. ‫ ﺛﻘـﻼء‬tuqalā’2, ‫ ﺛﻘـﺎل‬tiqāl heavy; weighty, momentous, grave,
Confidential
serious, important; burdensome, troublesome, cumbersome, oppressive;
unpleasant, disagreeable, distasteful
insufferable, unpleasant, disagreeable (person);
(person)| ‫ ﺛﻘﻴ ــﻞ اﻟ ــﺪم‬t. ad-dam
‫ ﺛﻘﻴـﻞ اﻟـﺮوح‬t. ar-rūḥ doltish,
dull (person); a bore; ‫ ﺛﻘﻴـﻞ اﻟﻈـﻞ‬t. aẓ-ẓill disagreeable, insufferable (person);
‫ ﺛﻘﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬t. al-fahm slow of understanding, slow-witted; ‫ ﺛﻘﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬t. as-sam‘
hard of hearing; ‫ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺛﻘﻴﻠـﺔ‬ (ṣinā‘a) heavy industry; ‫ﻣـﺎء ﺛﻘﻴـﻞ‬ heavy water
(phys.)
‫ اﺛﻘﻞ‬atqal2 heavier; more oppressive
‫ ﻣﺜﻘﺎل‬mitqāl pl. ‫ ﻣﺜﺎﻗﻴﻞ‬matāqīl2 weight (also s.th. placed as an equipoise on
the scales of a balance); miskal, a weight (in Egypt = 24 4.68 = ‫ ﻗـﺮاط‬g)|
‫ ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ذرة‬m. darra the weight of a dust speck, i.e., a tiny amount; a little bit;
‫ ﻣﺜﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ‬a little of, a little bit of

‫ ﺗﺜﻘﻴﻞ‬tatqīl weighting, burdening; molestation
‫ ﺗﺜﺎﻗﻞ‬tatāqul sluggishness, dullness
191
‫ ﻣﺜﻘـﻞ‬mutaqqal and mutqal burdened, encumbered; overloaded; weighted

(‫ ب‬with s.th.); oppressed (‫ ب‬by); heavy
‫ ﻣﺘﺜﺎﻗﻞ‬mutatāqil sluggish, dull; sullen, grumpy
‫ ﺛﻜـﻞ‬takila a (takal) to lose a child (‫)ه‬, also: to be bereaved of a loved one
(‫ )ه‬by death IV ‫وﻟـﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ اﺛﻜـﻞ اﻷم‬atkala l-umma waladuhā to bereave a mother
of her son
‫ ﺛﻜﻞ‬takal state of one who has lost a friend or relative; mourning over the
loss of a loved one
‫ ﺛﻜﻼن‬taklān (2) bereaved of a child
‫ ﺛﻜﻠﻰ‬taklā bereaved of a child (mother)
‫ ﻛﻠﺔ‬tākila pl. ‫ ﺛﻮاﻛﻞ‬tawākil2 bereaved of a child (mother)
‫ ﺛﻜﻨﺔ‬tuknā pl. ‫ ﺛﻜﻦ‬tukan, -āt barracks (mil.)
‫ ﺛﻞ‬talla u (‫ ﺛﻠﻞ‬talal) to tear down, destroy, overthrow, subvert (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., esp.
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺷﺎ‬aršan to topple a throne) VII to be subverted, overthrown (throne)
‫ ﺛﻠـﺔ‬tulla pl. ‫ ﺛﻠـﻞ‬tulal troop, band, party, group (of people); military
Confidential
detachment
‫ ﺛﻠـﺐ‬talaba i (talb) to criticize, run down (‫ ه‬s.o.); to slander, defame (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ ﺛﻠﺐ‬talb slander, defamation
‫ ﻣﺜﻠﺒــﺔ‬matlaba pl. ‫ ﻣﺜﺎﻟــﺐ‬matālib2 shortcoming, defect, blemish, stain,
disgrace
‫ ﻟﺐ‬tālib slanderous, defamatory; slanderer
‫ ﺛﻠﺚ‬II to triple, make threefold (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to do three times (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺛﻠﺚ‬tult pl. ‫ اﺛـﻼث‬atlāt one third; tulut a sprawling, decorative calligraphic
style
‫ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬talāta (f. ‫ ﺛﻼث‬talāt) three; ‫ ﺛﻠﺜﺎ‬talātan three times, thrice
‫ ﺛﻼﺛﻰ‬talātī tertiary; Tertiary (geol.)|‫ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻰ‬pre-Tertiary
‫ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬talātata ‘ašara, f. ‫ ﺛﻼث ﻋﺸﺮة‬talāta ‘ašrata thirteen
‫ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬at-tālit the third; ‫ ﻟﺜﺎ‬tālitan thirdly; 60/1 ‫ ﻟﺜﺔ‬of a second
‫ ﺛﻼﺛﻮن‬talātūn thirty
‫ اﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎء‬at-talatā’ and ‫ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎء‬yaum at-t. Tuesday
192
‫ ﺛﻼث‬tulāt2 and ‫ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ‬mutallat three at a time

‫ ﺛﻼﺛـﻰ‬tulātī tripartite, consisting of three, (gram.) triliteral, consisting of
three radicals; tri-; trio (mus. )| ‫ ﺛﻼﺛﻰ اﻟـﺰوا‬t. z-zawāyā triangular; ‫ﺛﻼﺛـﻰ اﻟﻮرﻗـﺎت‬
t. l-waraqāt trifoliate
‫ ﻟـﻮث‬tālūt Trinity (CM.); trinity, triad; triplet| ‫ زﻫـﺮة اﻟﺜـﺎﻟﻮث‬zahrat at-t.
pansy (bot.)
‫ ﺗﺜﻠﻴﺚ‬tatlīt doctrine of the Trinity; Trinity (Chr.)
‫ ﺗﺜﻠﻴﺜﻰ‬tatlītī trigonometric(al)
‫ ﻣﺜﻠــﺚ‬mutallat tripled, triple, threefold; having three diacritical dots
(letter); triangular; (pl. -āt) triangle (geom.)| ‫اﻟﺮاﻳـﺔ اﳌﺜﻠﺜـﺔ اﻷﻟـﻮان‬ (rāya), ‫اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬
‫‘( اﳌﺜﻠـﺚ‬alam) and ‫ اﳌﺜﻠـﺚ‬the tricolor; ‫( اﳌﺜﻠـﺚ اﳊـﺎد‬ḥadd) acute-angled triangle;
‫ ﻣﺜﻠــﺚ اﻟــﺰوا‬m. az-zawāyā triangular; ‫( اﳌﺜﻠــﺚ اﳌﺘﺴــﺎوى اﻟﺴــﺎﻗﲔ‬mutasāwā s-
sāqain) isosceles triangle; ‫اﳌﺜﻠـﺚ اﳌﺘﺴـﺎوى اﻷﺿـﻼع‬ equilateral triangle; ‫اﳌﺜﻠـﺚ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬right-angled triangle
‫ اﳌﺜﻠﺜﺎت‬al-mutallatāt and ‫ ﺣﺴﺎب اﳌﺜﻠﺜﺎت‬ḥisāb al-m. trigonometry
Confidential
‫ ﺛﻠـﺞ‬talaja u: ‫( ﺛﻠﺠـﺖ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء‬samā’u) it snowed, was snowing; -- talija a to
be delighted, be gladdened (soul, heart; ‫ ب‬by) II to cool with ice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to freeze, turn into ice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV ‫اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء‬ ‫ اﺛﻠﺠـﺖ‬it snowed, was snowing; to
cool, moisten (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)|‫ﺻﺪرﻩ‬ ‫( اﺛﻠﺞ‬ṣadrahū) to delight, please, gratify s.o. V to
become icy, turn into ice, congeal; to freeze
‫ ﺛﻠــﺞ‬talj pl. ‫ ﺛﻠــﻮج‬tulūj snow; ice; artificial ice|‫ ﻧﺪﻓــﺔ اﻟــﺜﻠﺞ‬nadfat at-t.
snowflake
‫ ﺛﻠﺠﻰ‬taljī snowy, snow- (in compounds); icy, glacial, ice- (in compounds)
‫ ﺛﻠﻴﺞ‬talīj icy
‫ ﺛﻼج‬tallāj pl. -ūn ice vendor
‫ ﺛﻼﺟﺔ‬tallāja pl. -āt iceberg, ice floe; refrigerator, icebox
‫ ﻣﺜﻠﺠﺔ‬matlaja pl. ‫ ﻣﺜﺎﰿ‬matālij2 icebox, refrigerator; cold-storage plant
‫ ﻣﺜﻠﻮج‬matlūj snow-covered; iced, icy; ‫ ﻣﺜﻠﻮﺟﺎت‬frozen food; iced beverages
‫ ﻣﺜﻠﺞ‬mutallaj iced; icy, ice-cold
193
‫ ﺛﻠـﻢ‬talama i (talm) to blunt, make jagged (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), break the edge of (‫;)ﻫ ـ‬
to make a breach, gap or opening (‫ ﻫـ‬in a wall); to defile, sully (‫ ﻫـ‬reputation,
honor); --talima a to be or become jagged, dull, blunt II to blunt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V
to become blunt VII to be defiled, be discredited (reputation)
‫ ﺛﻠـﻢ‬talm nick, notch; breach, opening, gap; crock, fissure, rift|‫ ﺛﻠـﻢ اﻟﺼـﻴﺖ‬t.
aṣ-ṣīt defamation
‫ ﺛﻠﻤﺔ‬tulma pl. ‫ ﺛﻠﻢ‬tulam = talm| ‫ ﺳﺪ ﺛﻠﻤﺔ‬sadda talmatan to fill a gap; ‫ﺛﻠﻤﺔ ﻻ‬
‫( ﺗﺴﺪ‬tusaddu) a gap that cannot be closed, an irreparable loss
‫ ﱂ‬talim dull, blunt
‫ ﻣﺜﻠﻮم‬matlūm defiled, sullied (reputation, honor)
‫ ﻣﺜﻠﻢ‬mutatallim blunted, blunt; cracking (voice)
‫ ﻣﻨﺜﻠﻢ اﻟﺼﻴﺖ‬muntalim aṣ-ṣīt of ill repute, of dubious reputation
‫ ﰒ‬tamma there ‫ ﰒ‬min tamma hence, therefore, for that reason
‫ ﰒ‬tumma then, thereupon; furthermore, moreover; and again, and once
more (emphatically in repetition)|‫ﰒ ﻛـﻼ‬ ‫( ﻛـﻼ‬kallā) no and a hundred times
Confidential
no! ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬min tamma then, thereupon
‫ ﲦﺔ‬tammata (‫ )ﲦﺖ‬there; there is|‫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲦﺔ‬there isn't
‫ ﲦـﺎم‬tumām a grass|‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻃـﺮف اﻟﺜﻤـﺎم‬ṯarafi t-t.) within easy reach, handy;
‫ ﺟﻌﻠــﻪ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻃــﺮف اﻟﺜﻤــﺎم‬he made it readily understandable, he presented it
plsusibly for all
‫ اﲦﺪ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﲦـﺮ‬tamara u to bear fruit IV do. X to profit, benefit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from); to exploit,
utilize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to invest profitably (‫ ﻫـ‬money)
‫ ﲦـﺮ‬tamar pl. ‫ ﲦـﺎر‬timār, ‫ اﲦـﺎر‬atmār fruits, fruit (coll.); result, effect, fruit,
fruitage; yield, profit, benefit, gain
‫ ﲦـﺮة‬tamara (n. un. of tamar) pl. -āt fruit; result, effect; yield, profit,
benefit, gain
‫ اﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬istitmār exploitation (also pol.-econ.), utilization, profitable use
‫ ﻣﺜﻤﺮ‬mutmir fruitful, productive, profitable, lucrative
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ‬mustatmir pl. -ūn exploiter (pol.-econ.); beneficiary
‫ ﲦﻞ‬tamila a (tamal) to become drunk IV to make drunk, intoxicate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
194
‫ ﲦﻞ‬tamal intoxication, drunkenness

‫ ﲦﻠﺔ‬tamala drunken fit, drunkenness
‫ ﲦﻞ‬tamil intoxicated, drunk(en)
‫ ﲦﺎﻟـﺔ‬tumāla residue, remnant, dregs (of a liquid), heeltap (of wine); .cum,
foam, froth
1 ‫ﲦـﻦ‬II to appraise, asses, estimate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), determine the price or value
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to price (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)| ‫ ﻻ ﲦـﻞ‬lā yutammanu invaluable, inestimable,
priceless
‫ ﲦـﻦ‬pl. ‫ اﲦـﻦ‬atmān, ‫ اﲦﻨـﺔ‬atmina price, cost; value|‫( اﻟـﺜﻤﻦ اﻷﺻـﻠﻰ‬aṣlī) cost
price; ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫( اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬asāsī) par, nominal value
‫ ﲦﲔ‬tamīn costly, precious, valuable
‫ اﲦﻦ‬atman2 costlier, more precious, more valuable
‫ ﺗﺜﻤﲔ‬tatmīn estimated, appraisal, assessment, valuation, rating
‫ ﻣﺜﻤﻮن‬matmūn object of value
‫ ﻣﺜﻤﻦ‬mutammin estimator, appraiser|‫ ﺧﺒﲑ ﻣﺜﻤﻦ‬assessor
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺜﻤﻦ‬mutamman prized, valued, valuable, precious
‫ ﻣﺜﻤﻦ‬mutmin costly, precious, valuable
‫ ﻣﺜﻤﻦ‬mutman object of value
2‫ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬tamāniya (f. ‫ ﲦﺎن‬tamānin) eight
‫ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬tamāniyata ‘ašara, f. ‫ ﲦﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮة‬tamāniya ‘ašrata eighteen

‫ ﲦﻦ‬pl. ‫ اﲦﺎن‬atmān one-eighth
‫ ﲦﻨﺔ‬tumna pl. -āt a dry measure (Eg. = 1/3 258. = ‫ ﻗﺪح‬l; Pal. = ca. 2.25 l)
‫ ﲦﺎﻧﻮن‬tamānūn eighty
‫ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬at-tāmin the eighth
‫ ﻣﺜﻤﻦ‬mutamman eightfold; octagonal
‫ ﺛﻨﺔ‬tunna pl. ‫ ﺛﻨﻦ‬tunan fetlock
‫ ﺛﻨﺪوة‬tunduwa pl. ‫ ﺛﻨﺎد‬tanādin breast (of the male)
‫ ﺛﲎ‬tanā i (tany) to double, double up, fold, fold up, fold under (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
bond, flex (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn away, dissuade, keep, prevent, divert (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.
from)| ‫ﺛـﲎ ﻋﻨـﺎن ﻓﺮﺳـﻪ‬ (‘ināna farasihī) he galloped off II to double, make
195
double (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to do twice, repeat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pleat, plait (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to form

the dual (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of a word); to provide with two diacritical dots (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a letter) IV to
commend, praise, laud, extol (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th., s.o.), speak appreciatively (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of)|
‫‘( اﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺜﻨﺎء‬āṯira tanā’) to speak in the most laudatory terms of s.o. V
to double, become double; to be doubled; to be repeated; to bond, fold; to be
bent, be folded. be folded up or under; to walk with a swinging gait VII to
bend, bend up, down or over, lean, incline, bow; to fold, be foldable, be
folded back; to turn away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), give up, renounce (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to turn,
face (‫ل‬I toward); to apply o.s., turn (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); (with foll. imperf.) to set
out, prepare (to do s.th.) X to except, exclude (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or s.o. from),
make an exception (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.)
‫ ﺛﲎ‬tany bonding; folding; turning away, dissuasion, keeping, prevention
‫ ﺛﲎ‬tiny pl. ‫ اﺛﻨﺎء‬atnā’ fold, pleat, plait, crease (in cloth); bond, twist| ‫ﺛﻨﻴﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ ﺛﲎ‬tinyan ba‘da tinyin from time to time
‫ اﺛﻨـﺎء‬atnā’ (prep.) during; in the course of|‫ ﰱ اﺛﻨـﺎء‬fī atnā’i do.; ,‫ﰱ اﺛﻨـﺎء ذﻟـﻚ‬
Confidential
‫ اﺛﻨﺎء ذﻟﻚ‬,‫ ﰱ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻻﺛﻨﺎء‬in the meantime, during all this time, meanwhile
‫ ﺛﻨﻴﺔ‬tanya pl. tanyāt fold, pleat, plait, crease (in cloth)
‫ ﺛﻨﻴﺔ‬tanya pl. ‫ ﺛﻨﺎ‬tanāyā middle incisor; narrow pass; mountain trail| ‫ﰱ ﺛﻨﺎ‬
in, inside, among, between, frequently only a fuller, rhetorically more
elegant expression for "in". e.g., ‫ ﰱ ﺛﻨـﺎ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬in his heart, inwardly, ‫ﰱ ﺛﻨـﺎ‬
‫ اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب‬in the book; ‫ ﺑـﲔ ﺛﻨـﺎ‬in, inside, among, between; ‫ ﻃـﻼع اﻟﺜﻨـﺎ‬ṯallā‘ at-t.
one with high-flung aspirations
‫ ﺛﻨﺎء‬tanā’ commendation, praise, eulogy; appreciation
‫ ﺛﻨﺎء‬tunā’2 and ‫ ﻣﺜﲎ‬matnā two at a time
‫ ﺛﻨﻮى‬tanawī dualist
‫ ﺛﻨﻮﻳﺔ‬tanawīya dualism
‫ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻰ‬tanā’ī laudatory, eulogistic
‫ ﺛﻨـﺎﺋﻰ‬tunā’ī twofold, double, dual, binary, bi-; biradical (gram.); duet, duo
(mus.)| ‫اﳌﺸﻮار‬ ‫( ﳏﺮك ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻰ‬muḥarrik t. l-mišwār) two-cycle engine
O ‫ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬tunā’īya dualism; duet, duo (mus.)
196
‫ اﺛﻨﺎن‬itnāni, f. ‫ اﺛﻨﺘﺎن‬itnatāni two

‫ اﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ‬itnā ‘ašara, f. ‫ اﺛﻨﺘﺎ ﻋﺸﺮة‬itnatā ‘ašrata twelve
‫ ﻳﻮم اﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬yaum al-itnaini and ‫ اﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬Monday
‫ اﻟﺜـﺎﱏ‬at-tānī the second; the next; ‫ ﻧﻴـﺎ‬tāniyan and ‫ ﻧﻴـﺔ‬tāniyatan secondly;
for the second time, once more, again| ‫اﺛﻨـﲔ‬ ‫ﱏ‬ t. itnain the second of a pair,
pendant, companion piece, match
‫ ﻧﻴﺔ‬tāniya pl. ‫ ﺛﻮان‬tawānin second (time unit)
‫ ﻧـﻮى‬tānawī secondary; minor|‫ اﻣـﻮر ﻧﻮﻳـﺔ‬matters of secondary importance,
minor matters; ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ‬secondary school; ‫ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻎ ﻧﻮي‬subletting
‫ ﺗﺜﻨﻴـﺔ‬tatniya repetition; plaiting, pleating; doubling, gemination; (gram.)
dual; second sequel (e.g., of a collection of short stories); commendation,
praise, eulogy| ‫اﻻﺷﱰاع‬ ‫ ﺗﺜﻨﻴﺔ‬Deuteronomy
‫ اﻧﺜﻨـﺎء‬intinā’ bending, flection; flexibility, foldability| ‫ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻟﻼاﻧﺜﻨـﺎء‬foldable,
folding
‫ اﻧﺜﻨﺎءة‬intinā’a pl. -āt (n. vic.) bend, flexure, curve
Confidential
‫ اﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬istitnā’ exception, exclusion| ‫ ﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬with the exception of, except;
‫ ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬without exception
‫ اﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻰ‬istitnā’ī exoeptional; ‫ اﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬istitnā’īyan as an exception| ‫اﺣـﻮال‬
‫ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬emergencies; ‫( ﺟﻠﺴﺔ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬jalsa) emergency session
‫ ﻣﺜﲎ‬matnīy folded; plaited, pleated; doubled
‫ ﻣﺜﲎ‬mutannan ouble, twofold; in the dual (gram.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﲎ‬mustatnan excepted, excluded (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ ﺛﻮة‬see ‫ﺛﻮى‬
1‫)ﺛـﻮب‬ ‫ ) ب‬tāba u to return, come back (also, e.g., a state or condition, ‫اﱃ‬
or ‫ل‬ to s.o.); with ‫ب‬: to return s.th. (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.)| ‫ب اﱃ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ to regain
consciousness, come to; ‫رﺷـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ب اﻟﻴـﻪ‬ (rušduhū) to recover one’s senses II to
reward (‫ ه‬s.o.; said of God) IV to repay, requite (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to reward
(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. for) X to seek reward
197
‫ ﺛـﻮب‬taub pl. ‫ ﺛﻴـﺎب‬tiyāb, ‫ اﺛـﻮاب‬atwāb garment, dress; cloth, material; (fig.)

garb, outward appearance, guise, cloak, mask; pl. ‫ﺛﻴـﺎب‬ clothes, clothing,
apparel| ‫اﻟﺴـﻬﺮة‬ ‫ ﺛﻴـﺎب‬t. as-suhra formal dress, evening clothes; ‫ ﰱ ﺛـﻮب ﺑﺴـﻴﻂ‬in
plain, homely form; ‫اﻟﺜﻴﺎب‬ ‫ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‬of flawless character, irreproachable
‫ ﺛـﻮاب‬tawāb requital, recompense, reward (for good deeds); (Isl. Law)
merit, credit (arising from a pious deed)
‫ ﻣﺜﻮﺑـﺔ‬matūba requital, recompense, reward (bestowed by God for good
deeds)
‫ ﻣﺜـﺎب‬matāb and ‫ ﻣﺜﺎﺑـﺔ‬matāba place to which one returns; meeting place;
rendezvous; resort, refuge
‫ ﻣﺜﺎﺑـﺔ‬matāba (with foll. genit.) place or time at which s.th. appears or
recurs; manner, mode, fashion; see also preceding entry| ‫( ﲟﺜﺎﺑـﺔ‬with foll.
genit.) like, as; tantamount to, equivalent to, having the same function as
2 ‫)ﺛﺌﺐ‬ ‫ ﺗﺜﺎوب = ﺗﺜﺎءب‬VI) to yawn
‫ر )ﺛـﻮر‬ ) tāra u to stir, be stirred up, be aroused, be excited; to swirl up,
Confidential
rise (dust); to arise (question, problem; a difficulty, ‫وﺟﻬﻪ‬ ‫ ﰱ‬fī wajhihī before
s.o.); to be triggered, be unleashed, break out; to revolt, rebel, rise (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
against); to rage, storm| ‫ﺋـﺮﻩ‬ ‫( ر‬tā’irohū) to fly into a rage, become furious,
flare up IV to agitate, excite (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stimulate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
irritate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.); to arouse, stir up, kindle, excite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g.,
feelings), cause, provoke, awaken (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to raise, pose, bring up (‫ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ‬
mas’alatan a question, a problem)| ‫( ا ر ﺋﺮﺗـﻪ‬tā’iratahū) to infuriate s.o.,
excite s.o. X to excite, stir up, kindle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. passions); to rouse (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to arouse, awaken (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. feelings); to elicit, evoke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬wails,
outcries, ‫ﻣــﻦ‬ from s.o.); to incite, set (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ s.o. against)| ‫اﺳــﺘﺜﺎر ﻏﻀــﺒﻪ‬
(gaḍabahū) to infuriate s.o., make s.o. angry
‫ ﺛﻮر‬taur pl. ‫ ﺛﲑان‬tīrān bull, steer; ox; Taurus (astron.)| ‫ ﺷﻮرﺑﺔ ذﻳﻞ اﻟﺜﻮر‬šōrabat
dail at-t. oxtail soup
‫ ﺛﻮرة‬taura excitement, agitation; outbreak, outburst, fit (of fury, of despair,
etc.); eruption (of a volcano); (pl. -āt) upheaval, uprising, insurrection, riot,
rebellion, revolt, revolution|‫اﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﺛﻮرة‬ahlīya) internal strife, civil war
198
‫ ﺛﻮرى‬taurī revolutionary (adj. and n.)

‫ ﺛﻮروى‬taurawī revolutionary (adj. and n.)
‫ ﺛـﻮران‬tawarān agitation, excitation, flare-up, emption, outbreak, outburst,
dust whirl
‫ ﻣﺜﺎر‬matār incentive, stimulus, motive, spur, occasion, cause| ‫ ﻣﺜـﺎر اﳉـﺪل‬m.
al-jadal and ‫اﻟﻨﺰاع‬ ‫ ﻣﺜﺎر‬object of controversy, point of contention
‫ ا رة‬itāra excitation, stirring up, kindling; agitation, incitement;
provocation, (a)rousing, awakening; irritation, stimulation
‫ ﺋـﺮ‬tā’ir excited, agitated, raving, furious, mad; rebellious; fury, rage (in
the idiomatic phrase ‫ر ﺋـﺮة‬ see above); (pl. ‫ ﺛـﻮار‬tuwwār) insurgent, rebel,
revolutionary
‫ ﺋﺮة‬tā’ira pl. ‫ ﺛﻮاﺋﺮ‬tawā’ir2 tumult; excitement, agitation; fury, rage
‫ ﻣﺜـﲑ‬mutīr exciting; provocative; stimulative, irritative; excitant, irritant,
stimulant; instigator; germ, agent; pl. ‫ ﻣﺜﲑات‬stimulants
‫ ﺛﻮرﻳﻮم‬tōriyūm thorium (chem.)
Confidential
‫ ﺛـﻮل‬VII to swarm, crowd, throng (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬around s.o.); to come over s.o.
(‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﺛﻮل‬law and ‫ ﺛﻮل اﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬t. an-nḥl swarm of bees
‫ ﺛﻮم‬tūm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬garlic
‫ ﺛـﻮى‬tawā i (‫ ﺛـﻮاء‬tawā’, ‫ ﺛـﻮى‬tuwīy, ‫ ﻣﺜـﻮى‬matwan) to stay, live (‫ ب‬at a
place); to settle down (‫ ب‬at a place); pass. tuwiya to be buried IV to stay,
live; to lodge, put up as a guest (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ ﺛﻮى‬tawīy guestroom
‫ ﺛﻮة‬tūwa pl. ‫ ﺛﻮى‬tuwan signpost, road-sign
‫ ﻣﺜﻮى‬matwan pl. ‫ ﻣﺜﺎو‬matāwin abode, habitation, dwelling; place of rest
‫ ﺛﻴﺐ‬tayyib pl. -āt a deflowered but unmarried woman, widow, divorcée
‫ ﺛﻴﺘﻞ‬taital pl. ‫ ﺛﻴﺎﺗﻞ‬tayātil2 a variety of wild goat (Capra jaela)
199
‫ج‬
‫ ﺟﺎﺛﻠﻴﻖ‬jātalīq = ‫ﺟﺜﻠﻴﻖ‬
‫ ﺟﺆﺟﺆ‬ju’ju’ pl. ‫ ﺟﺂﺟﺊ‬ja’āji2 breast; prow, bow (of a ship)
‫ ﺟﺄر‬ja’ara a (ja’r, ‫ ﺟﺆار‬ju’ār) to low, moo; to supplicate, pray fervently (‫اﱃ‬
to God)
‫ ﺟﺄر‬ja’r, and ‫ ﺟﺆار‬ju’ār, lowing, mooing (of cattle)
1‫ ﺟﺎز‬giiz pl. -āt (Eg. spelling) gas
2‫ ﺟﺎز‬jāz jazz
‫( ﺟﺎزون‬Fr. gazon, Eg. spelling) gāzōn lawn
‫ ﺟﺄش‬ja’aša a (ja’š) to be agitated, be convulsed (with pain or fright)
‫ ﺟـﺄش‬ja’š emotional agitation; heart, soul| ‫ رﺑـﻂ ﺟﺄﺷـﻪ‬rabaṯa ja’šahū to
remain calm, composed, self-possesed; ‫راﺑــﻂ اﳉــﺄش‬ or ‫ﺑــﺖ اﳉــﺄش‬ calm,
composed, cool, self-possessed, undismayed; ‫ﲜـﺄش راﺑـﻂ‬ with unswerving

courage, unflinchingly
Confidential
‫ ﺟﺎﻛﺘﺔ‬,‫ ﺟﺎﻛﺘﻪ‬and ‫ ﺟﺎﻛﻴﺘﻪ‬žakēta jacket, coat
‫ ﺟﺎﻟﻮن‬galōn gallon
‫( ﺟﺎﻟﲑى‬Eg. spelling) galērī gallery (theat.)
‫ ﺟﺎم‬jām pl. –āt cup; drinking vessel; bowl
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻜﻴﺔ‬jāmakīya pl. -āt, ‫ ﺟﻮاﻣﻚ‬jawāmik2 pay
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻮس‬jāmūs pl. ‫ ﺟﻮاﻣﻴﺲ‬jawāmīs2 buffalo
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻮﺳﺔ‬jāmūsa buffalo cow
‫( ﺟﺎﻧﺮك‬pronounced žānəreg, from Turk. caneriği; coll.; n. un. žānərgēye) a
variety of small green plum with several stones (syr.)
‫ ﺟﺎﻩ‬jāh rank, standing, dignity, honor, glory, fame
‫ ﺟﺎوﻩ‬jāwa Java
‫ ﺟﺎوى‬jāwī Javanese; benzoin; (pl. -ūn) a Javanese
‫ ﺟﺎودار‬jāwadār rye
‫ ﺟﺎوﻳﺶ‬čāwīš sergeant = ‫ ﺷﺎوﻳﺶ‬,‫ﺷﺎوش‬
1‫ ﺟﺐ‬jubb pl. ‫ اﺟﺒﺎب‬ajbāb, ‫ ﺟﺒﺎب‬jibāb well, cistern; pit
200
2‫ ﺟﺒـﺔ‬jubba pl. ‫ﺟﺒـﺐ‬ jubab, ‫ﺟﺒـﺎب‬, jibāb, ‫ﺟﺒﺎﺋـﺐ‬ jabā’ib2 jubbah, a long
outer garment, open in front, with wide sleeves
‫ ﺟﺒﺢ‬jabḥ pl. ‫ اﺟﺒﺢ‬ajbuḥ, ‫ ﺟﺒﺎح‬jibāḥ, ‫ اﺟﺒﺎح‬ajbāḥ beehive
‫ ﺟﺒﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬jabḳāna, jabaḳāna powder magazine; ammunition; artillery depot
‫ ﺟـﱪ‬jabara u (jabr, ‫ ﺟﺒـﻮر‬jubūr) to set (‫ ﻫ ـ‬broken bones); to restore, bring
back to normal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to help back on his feet, help up (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g., on.
fallen into poverty); to force, compel (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.o. to do s.th.)| ‫ﺟـﱪ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬
(ḳāoṯirahū) to console, comfort, gratify, oblige s.o.; to treat (s.o.) in a
conciliatory or kindly manner II to set (‫ ﻫ ـ‬broken bones) III to treat with
kindness with friendliness (‫ ه‬s.o.), be nice (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV to force, compel
(‫ه‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.o. to do s.th.); to hold sway (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over) V to show o.s. proud,
haughty; to act strong, throw one’s weight around; to show o.s. strong or
powerful, demonstrate one’s strength or power; to be set (broken bones)| ‫ﲡﱪ‬
‫( ﷲ ﺑﻨـﻚ‬bi-bnika) God has demonstrated His power on your son, i.e., He
has taken him unto Himself VII to be mended. repaired, restored
Confidential
‫ ﺟـﱪ‬jabr setting (of broken bones); force, compulsion; coercion, duress;
power, might; (predestined, inescapable) decree of fate; ‫ ﺟﱪا‬jab,an forcibly,
by force| ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳉـﱪ‬ ‘ilm al-j. algebra; ‫ﻳـﻮم ﺟـﱪ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ yaum j. al-baḥr a local
holiday of Cairo (the day on which, in former times, the water of the Nile
was channeled into the now-abandoned ḳalīg, or City Canal, thus mar‫ﰱ‬ng
the beginning of the irrigation season)
‫ ﺟـﱪى‬jabrī algebraic; compulsory, forced; -- jabarī an adherent of the
doctrine of predestination and the inescapability of fate; fatalist
‫ ﺟﱪﻳـﺔ‬jabarīya an Islamic school of thought teaching the inescapability of
fate; fatalism
‫ ﺟﺒـﺎر‬jabbār, pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺟﺒـﺎﺑﺮ‬jabābir2, ‫ ﺟﺒـﺎﺑﺮة‬jabābira giant; colossus; tyrant,
oppressor; almighty, omnipotent (God); gigantic, giant, colossal, huge;
Orion (astron.)| ‫ﺟﺒـﺎر اﳋﻄــﻮة‬ j. al-ḳuṯ.wa striding powerfully, ta‫ﰱ‬ng buge
strides
‫ ﺟﺒﺎرة‬jibāra (art of) bonesetting
‫ ﺟﺒﲑة‬jabīra and ‫ ﺟﺒﺎرة‬jībāra pl. ‫ ﺟﺒﺎﺋﺮ‬jabā’ir2 splint (surg.)
‫ ﺟﱪوت‬jabarūt omnipotence; power, might; tyranny
‫ ﺟﱪ ء‬jibriyā’2 pride, haughtiness
201
O ‫ ﲡﺒﲑ‬tajbīr, ‫اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬ ‫ ﲡﺒﲑ‬orthopedics

‫ اﺟﺒﺎر‬ijbār compulsion, coercion
‫ اﺟﺒــﺎرى‬ijbārī forced, forcible, compulsory, obligatory|‫اﻟﺘﺠﻨﻴــﺪ اﻻﺟﺒــﺎرى‬
compulsory recruitment; military conscription
‫ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ‬jābir and ‫ ﳎﱪ‬mujabbir, bonesetter
‫ ﳎﺒﻮر‬majbūr and ‫ ﳎﱪ‬mujbar forced, compelled
‫ ﺟﱪﺋﻴﻞ‬jabra’īl2 ‫ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ‬jibrīl2 Gabriel
2 ‫ﺟـﺒﺲ‬II to plaster, coat, patch, or fix with plaster (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to put in a
cast, set in plaster (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﺒﺲ‬jibs gypsum; plaster of Paris
‫ ﺟﺒﺎﺳﺔ‬jabbāsa gypsum quarry; plaster kiln
2‫ ﺟﺒﺲ‬jabas (coll.; n. un. ‫ ;ة‬syr.) watermelon(s)
1 ‫ ﺟﺒﻞ‬jabala u i (jabl) to mold, form, shape, fashion (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to knead (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to create (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.o. with a natural disposition or propensity for);
Confidential
pass. ‫ﺟﺒـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
propensity for
(jubila) to be born for, be naturally diaposed to, bave a
‫ ﺟﺒﻠﺔ‬jibla, jibilla pl. -āt natural disposition, nature, temper

2 ‫ ﺟﺒـﻞ‬jabal pl. ‫ ﺟﺒـﻞ‬jibāl, ‫ اﺟﺒـﺎل‬ajbāl mountain; mountains, mountain
range| ‫ ﺟﺒـﺎل اﻻﻟـﺐ‬j. al-alb the Alpes; ‫ ﺟﺒـﺎل اﻻوراس‬the Aurès Mountains (in E
Algeria); ‫ﺟﻠﻴﺪ‬ ‫ ﺟﺒﻞ‬iceberg; ‫ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‬j. sīnā Mount Sinai; ‫ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻃـﺎرق‬Gibraltar;
‫ ﺟﺒﻞ ر‬volcano
‫ ﺟﺒﻠــﻰ‬jabalī mountainous, hilly; mountain (adj.); montane; (pl. -ūn)
highlander, mountaineer
‫ ﺟﺒﻼوى‬gabalāwī (eg.) highlander, mountaineer
‫ ﺟﺒﻼﻳﺔ‬gabalāya pl. -āt (eg.) grotto, cave
‫ ﺟـﱭ‬jabuna u (jubn, ‫ ﺟﺒﺎﻧـﺔ‬jabāna) to be a coward, be fearful; to be too
much of a coward (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to do s.th.), shrink (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from s.th.) II to cause to curdle
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬milk); to make into cheese (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to curdle; to accuse of cowardice,
call a coward (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to curdle (milk), turn into cheese

‫ ﺟﱭ‬jubn and ‫ ﺟﺒﺎﻧﺔ‬jabāna cowardice
202
‫ ﺟﱭ‬jubn and ‫ ﺟﺒﻨﺔ‬jubna cheese

‫ ﺟﺒﺎن‬jabān pl. ‫ ﺟﺒﻨﺎء‬jubanā’2 coward; cowardly
‫ ﺟﺒﺎن‬jabbān cheese merchant
‫ ﺟﺒـﲔ‬jabīn pl. ‫ ﺟـﱭ‬jubun, ‫ اﺟﺒﻨـﺔ‬ajbina, ‫ اﺟـﱭ‬ajbun forehead, brow; façade,
front; face ‫ﺟﺒﻴﲎ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬min jabīnī I alone; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺒﲔ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬in the sky
‫ ﺟﺒﻴﲎ‬jabīnī frontal
‫ اﺟﱭ‬ajban2 more cowardly
‫ ﺟﺒﺎﻧﺔ‬jabbāna pl. -āt cemetery
‫ ﲡﺒﲔ‬tajbīn cheese making, processing into cheese
1‫ ﺟﺒﻪ‬jabaha a to moot, face, confront (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to face, confront, oppose,
defy (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.), show a hold front (‫ ه‬to); to face (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a problem, a
difficulty)
‫ ﺟﺒﻬـﺔ‬jabha pl. ‫ ﺟﺒـﺎﻩ‬jibāh, ‫ ﺟﺒﻬـﺎت‬jabahāt forehead, brow; front, face,
façade; frontline, battle front
‫ ﳎﺎ ﺔ‬mujābaha facing, confrontation, opposition
Confidential
2‫ﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ ﺟﺒﻪ‬see ‫ﺟﺒﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ ﺟـﱮ‬jabā i (‫ ﺟﺒﺎﻳـﺔ‬jibāya) to collect, raise, levy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬taxes, duties) II to
prostrate o.s. (in prayer) VIII to pick, choose, elect (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺟﺒﺎﻳﺔ‬jibāya raising, levying (of taxes); (pl. oat) tax, duty, impost
‫ ﺟﺒﺎﺋﻲ‬jibā’ī tax- (in compounds); fiscal
‫ ﳎﱮ‬majban pl. ‫ ﳎﺎب‬majābin tax, impost
‫ ﺟـﺎب‬jābin pl. ‫ ﺟﺒـﺎة‬jubāh tax collector, revenue officer, collector; (bus,
etc.) conductor (ir.)
‫ ﺟﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬jābiya pl. ‫ ﺟﻮاب‬jawābin pool, basin
‫ ﺟﺘﺎ‬jatā (abbreviation of ‫ )ﺟﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻤﺎم‬cosine (math.)
‫ ﺟﺚ‬jatta (jatt) and VIII to tear out, uproot (‫ ﻫـ‬a tree, also fig.)
‫ ﺟﺜﺔ‬jutta pl. ‫ ﺟﺜﺚ‬jutat, ‫ اﺟﺜﺎث‬ajtāt body; corpse, cadaver; carcass
‫ ﳎﺘﺚ‬muitat uprooted (also fig.)
‫ ﺟﺜﻞ‬jatl thick, dense (esp. hair)
‫ ﺟﺜﻠﻴﻖ‬jitlīq pl. ‫ ﺟﺜﺎﻟﻘﺔ‬jatāliqa catholicos, primate of the Armenian Church
203
‫ ﺟـﺜﻢ‬jatama u i (jatm, ‫ ﺟﺜـﻮم‬jutūm) to alight, sit, perch (bird); to crouch,

cower; to fall or lie prone, lie face down; to beset, oppress (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﺜﻤﺔ‬jatma (n. vic.) motionless sitting or lying
‫ ﺟﺜﺎم‬jutām and ‫ ﺟﺎﺛﻮم‬jātūm nightmare, incubus
‫ ﺟﺜﻤﺎن‬jutmān pl. -āt hody, mortal frame
‫ ﺟﺜﻤﺎﱏ‬jutmānī hodily, physical, corporeal
‫ ﺟﺎﰒ‬jātim pl. ‫ ﺟﺜﻢ‬juttam squatting, crouching; perching; prostrate, prone
(‫ﺟﺜـﺎ‬ (‫ ﺟﺜـﻮ‬jatā u (jutuw) to kneel, root on the knees; to bend the knee,
genullect; to fall on one’s knees
‫ ﺟﺜﻮ‬jutūw kneeling pooition
‫ ﺟﺜﻮة‬jutwa rock pile, mound; sepulchral mound, tumulus
‫ ﳎﺜﻰ‬majtan hassock
‫ ﺟﺎث‬jātin kneeling; ‫ اﳉﺎﺛﻰ‬Hercules (astron.)
‫ ﺟﺤﺪ‬jaḥda a (jaiḥd, ‫ ﺟﺤﻮد‬juḥūd) to negate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to disclaim, disavow,
Confidential
disown, deny (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to refuse, reject, repudiate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to renounce,
forswear, adjure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a belief); to deny (‫ه‬
(jamīlahū) to he ungrateful to s.o.
‫ﻫـ‬ s.o. his right)| ‫ﺟﺤــﺪ ﲨﻴﻠــﻪ‬
‫ ﺟﺤـﺪ‬jaḥd denial; repudiation, disavowal, rejection, disclaimer; unbelief

(rel.)
‫ ﺟﺤـﻮد‬juḥūd denial; evasion, dodging, shirking (of a moral obligation);
ingratitude; repudiation, disavowal, rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rel.)
‫ ﺟﺎﺣﺪ‬jāḥid denier; infidel, unbeliever
‫ ﺟﺤﺮ‬VII to hide in ito hole or den (animal)
‫ ﺟﺤﺮ‬juḥr pl. ‫ اﺟﺤﺎر‬ajḥār, ‫ ﺟﺤﻮر‬juḥūr hole, den, lair, burrow (of animals)
‫ ﺟﺤﺶ‬jaḥš pl. ‫ ﺟﺤﺎش‬jiḥāš, ‫ ﺟﺤﺸﺎن‬jiḥšān, ‫ اﺟﺤﺎش‬ajḥāš young donkey; (pl.
‫ ﺟﺤﻮش‬juḥūš) trestle, horse
‫ ﺟﺤﺸﺔ‬jaša young female donkey
‫ ﺟﺤﻆ‬jaḥaẓa a (‫ ﺟﺤﻮظ‬juḥūẓ) to bulge, protrude (eyeball)
‫ ﺟﺤـﻮظ اﻟﻌـﲔ‬juḥūz al-‘ain exophthalmic goiter, abnormal protrusion of the
eyeball
204
‫ ﺟﺤـﻒ‬jaḥafa a (jaḥf) to peel off, scrape off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sweep away (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to have a bias (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬for), side (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o.) IV to harm, hurt, injure,
prejudice (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to ruin. destroy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to wrong (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ اﺟﺤﺎف‬ijḥāf injustice, wrong; bias, prejudice
‫ ﳎﺤﻒ‬mujḥif unjust, unfair; biased, prejudiced
‫ ﺟﺤﻔـﻞ‬jaḥfala pl. ‫ ﺟﺤﺎﻓـﻞ‬jaḥāfil2 multitude, legion, host, large army; army
corps (Syr.); eminent man
‫ ﺟﺤﻴﻢ‬jaḥīm f. (also m.) fire, hellfire, hell
‫ ﺟﺤﻴﻤﻰ‬jaḥīmī hellish, infernal
‫ ﺟـﺦ‬jaḳḳa (eg.) to lord it, give o.s. airs; to boast, brag; (syr.) to dress up
(slightly ironical)
‫ ﺟﺨﺎخ‬jaḳḳāḳ boaster, braggart
1‫ ﺟﺪ‬jadd pl. ‫ ﺟﺪود‬judūd, ‫ اﺟﺎد‬ajdād grand-father; ancestor, forefather| ‫اﳉﺪ‬
‫( اﻻﻋﻠﻰ‬a‘lā) ancestor
‫ ﺟﺪة‬jadda pl. -āt grandmother
Confidential
2‫ ﺟـﺪ‬jadda i to be new; to be a recent development, have happened lately,
have recently become a fact; to be added, crop up or enter as a new factor
(circumstances, costs); to appear for the first time (also, e.g., on the stage);
to be or become serious, grave; to be weighty, significant, important; to take
‫ ﰱ‬s.th.) seriously; to strive earnestly ‫ ﰱ‬for), go out of one’s way (‫ ﰱ‬to do
s.th.), make every effort (‫ ﰱ‬in); to be serious, be in earnest (‫ ﰱ‬about), mean
business; to hurry (‫ ﰱ‬one’s step) II to renew (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make anew, remake

(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to modernize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to restore, renovate, remodel, refit,
recondition, refurbish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be an innovator, a reformer; to feature
s.th. new or novel, produce s.th. new; to rejuvenate, regenerate, revive,
freshen up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to renew, extend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a permit); to begin anew, repeat (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), make a new start (‫ ﻫـ‬in s.th.); to try again (‫ ﺣﻈﻪ‬ḥaẓẓahū one’s luck) IV
to strive, endeavor, take pains; to apply o.s. earnestly and assiduously (‫ﰱ‬
to), be bent, be intent (‫ ﰱ‬on s.th.); to hurry (‫ ﰱ‬one's step); to renew, make
new (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to become new, be renewed; to revive X to be new, be added
205
or enter as a new factor, come newly into existence; to make new, renew (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﺟﺪ‬iadd pl. ‫ ﺟﺪود‬judūd good luck, good fortune
‫ ﺟـﺪ‬jidd seriousness, earnestness; diligence, assiduity, eagerness; ‫ﺟــﺪا‬
jiddan very, much| ‫ ﲜﺪ‬and ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬earnestly, seriously; ‫ ﺟﺪ ﻫﻆ‬jiddu bāhiẓin
very high (price); ‫ ﺟـﺪ ﻋﻈـﻴﻢ‬j. ‘aẓīmin very great; ‫( ﳜﺘﻠﻔـﻮن ﺟـﺪ اﻻﺧـﺘﻼف‬jidda
l-iḳtilāf) they differ widely; ‫( وﻗﻒ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺎق اﳉـﺪ ل‬sāqi l-j.) to apply o.s. with
diligence to, take pains in, make every effort to
‫ ﺟﺪى‬jiddī serious; earnest; ‫ ﺟﺪ‬jiddīyan in earnest, earnestly, seriously
‫ ﺟﺪﻳﺔ‬jiddīya earnestness; seriousness, gravity (of a situation)
‫ ﺟـﺪة‬jidda newness, recency, novelty; modernness, modernity; O rebirth,
renaissance
‫ ﺟﺪة‬judda2 Jidda (eeaport in W Saudi Arabia, on Red Sea)
‫ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ‬jadīd pl. ‫ ﺟـﺪد‬judud, judad new, recent; renewed; modem; novel,
unprecedented|‫ اﳉﺪﻳـﺪان‬al-jadīdān day and night; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ‬anew, again; (eg.)
Confidential
‫ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻨﺞ‬gadīd lang brand-new.
‫ اﺟﺪ‬ajadd2 more serious, more intent; newer, more recent
‫ ﲡﺪﻳــﺪ‬tajdīd renewal (also. e.g., of a permit); creation of s.th. new
origination; new presentation, new production (theat.); innovation;
reorganization, reform; modernization; renovation, restoration, remodeling.
refitting. reconditioning, refurbishing; rejuvenation, regeneration; pl. -āt
innovations; new achievements
‫ ﲡﺪد‬tajaddud renewal, regeneration, revival
‫ ﺟﺎد‬jādd in earnest, earnest; serious (as opposed to comic, funny)
‫ ﺟﺎدة‬jādda pl. –āt, jawādd2 main street; street
‫ ﳎﺪود‬majdūd fortunate. lucky
‫ ﳎﺪد‬mujaddid renewer; innovator; reformer
‫ ﳎـﺪد‬mujaddad renewed, extended; remodeled, reconditioned, renovated,
restored; rejuvenated, regenerated, new, recent, young
‫ ﳎﺪ‬mujidd painstaking, diligent, assiduous
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺪ‬mustajidd new, recent; incipient
206
‫ ﺟـﺪب‬jaduba u ‫ ﺟﺪوﺑـﺔ‬judūba) to be or become dry, arid (soil) IV to suffer

from drought, poverty or dearth; to be barren, sterile; to come to nothing, go
up in smoke, fall flat, fizzle out; (syr.) to explode in the barrel (shell; mil.)
‫ ﺟﺪب‬jadb drought, barrenness, sterility; sterile, barren
‫ ﺟﺪﻳﺐ‬jadīb and ‫ اﺟﺪب‬ajdab2, f. ‫ ﺟﺪ ء‬jadbā’2 barren, sterile
‫ ﳎﺪب‬mujdib barren, sterile; desolate, arid; unproductive, unprofitable
‫ ﺟﺪث‬jadat pl. ‫ اﺟﺪاث‬ajdāt grave, tomb
‫ ﺟﺪﺟﺪ‬judjud pl. ‫ ﺟﺪاﺟﺪ‬jadājid2 cricket (zool.)
1 ‫ ﺟـﺪر‬jadura u (‫ ﺟـﺪارة‬jadāra) to be fit, suitable, proper. appropriate (‫ب‬
for s.o., for s.th.); to befit, behoove (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to be worthy (‫ ب‬of),
deserve (‫ ب‬s.th.)| ‫ذﻛﺮﻩ‬ ‫( ﳚﺪر‬dikruhū) and ‫ ﳚﺪر ﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬it is worth mentioning
‫ ﺟﺪر‬jadr wall
‫ ﺟــﺪﻳﺮ‬jadīr pl. -ūn ‫ ﺟــﺪراء‬judarā’2 worthy, deserving (‫ ب‬of s.th.);
becoming, befitting (‫ ب‬s.th.); proper, suited, suitable fit (‫ ب‬for), appropriate
Confidential
(‫ ب‬to)| ‫ﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫( ﺟﺪﻳﺮ‬dikr) worth mentioning
‫ اﺟﺪر‬ajdar worthier; more appropriate; better suited, more suitable
‫ ﺟــﺪارة‬jadāra worthiness; fitness, suitability, aptitude, qualification;
appropriateness
‫ ﺟﺪار‬jidār pl. ‫ ﺟﺪر‬judur, ‫ ﺟﺪران‬judrān wall
‫ ﺟﺪارى‬jidārī mural, wall (adj.)
2 ‫ ﺟﺪر‬judira (pass.) and II to have smallpox
‫ ﺟﺪرى‬judarī, jadarī smallpox
‫ ﳎﺪور‬majdūr and ‫ ﳎﺪر‬mujaddar infected with smallpox; pock-marked
‫ ﳎـﺪرة‬mujaddara dish made of rice or (in Syr.) of bulgur with lentils,
onions and oil (eg., syr.)
‫ ﺟـﺪع‬jada‘a a (jad‘) to cut off, amputate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. some part of the
body)
‫ ﲜـﺪع اﻻﻧـﻒ‬bi-jad‘i l-anf (prop., at the cost of having the nose cut off) at
any price, regardless of the sacrifice involved
‫ اﺟﺪع‬ajda‘ mutilated (by having the nose, or the like cut off)
207
2 ‫ﺟـﺪع‬ gada‘ (= ‫ﺟـﺬع‬ jada‘) pl. ‫ﺟـﺪﻋﺎن‬ gid‘ān (eg.) young man, young
fellow; heman
1 ‫ ﺟﺪف‬II to curse, blaspheme (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., esp. God)
‫ ﲡﺪﻳﻒ‬tajdīf imprecation, blasphemy
2 ‫ ﺟﺪف‬jadafa i and II to row (o a boat)
‫ ﳎﺪاف‬mijdāf pl. ‫ ﳎﺎدف‬majādif2 oar
1 ‫ ﺟـﺪل‬jadala u i (jadl) to twist tight, tighten, stretch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a rope); to braid,
plait (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., the hair, etc.) II to braid, plait, (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to quarrel, wrangle,
bicker (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to argue, debate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to dispute, contest (‫ﰱ‬
s.th.) VI to quarrel, have an argument; to carry on a dispute
‫ ﺟـﺪل‬jadal quarrel, argument; debate, dispute, discussion, controversy|
‫ ﻓـﺮض ﺟـﺪﻻ‬faraḍa jadalan to assume for the sake of argument, propose as a
basis for discussion
‫ ﺟﺪﱃ‬jadalī controversial; disputatious; a disputant
‫ ﺟـﺪال‬jaddāl and ‫ ﳎـﺪال‬mijdāl disputatious, argumentative; mijdāl see also
Confidential
below
‫ ﺟﺪﻳﻠﺔ‬jadīla pl. ‫ ﺟﺪاﺋﻞ‬jadā’il2 braid, plait; tress
‫ ﳎـﺪال‬mijdāl pl. ‫ ﳎـﺎدل‬majādil2 flagstone, ashlar; see also above under
jaddāl
‫ ﺟــﺪال‬jidāl and ‫ ﳎﺎدﻟــﺔ‬mujādala pl. –āt quarrel, argument; dispute,
discussion, debate| ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒـﻞ اﳉـﺪال‬yaqbalu) incontestable, indisputable; ‫ﻻ‬
‫ ﺟﺪال‬lā jidāla and ‫ ﺑﻼ ﺟﺪال‬bi-lā j. incontestably, indisputably
‫ ﳎـﺪول‬majdūl tightly twisted; braided, plaited; interwoven, intertwined
(tress of hair); slender and trim, shapely (e.g., leg)
‫ ﳎﺎدل‬mujādil disputant, opponent in dispute
2 ‫ ﺟﺪول‬jadwal pl. ‫ ﺟﺪاول‬jadāwil2 creek, brook, little stream; column; list,
roster; index; chart, table, schedule|‫دراﺳـﻰ‬ ‫( ﺟـﺪول‬dirāsī) curriculum; ‫ﺟـﺪول‬
‫ اﻟﺒﻮرﺻـﺔ‬stock list, ‫( ﺧـﺎرج ﺟـﺪول اﻟﺒﻮرﺻـﺔ‬ḳārija) not quoted (stock exchange);
‫ ﺟﺪول اﻻﻋﻤﺎل‬agenda; working plan
‫ )ﺟﺪا )ﺟﺪو‬jadā u to give a present (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.) IV to give as a present ( ‫ب‬
‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.o. s.th.), present (‫ ب ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.o. with); to be of use, be useful,
208
profitable|‫ﻧﻔﻌـﺎ‬‫( اﺟـﺪى‬naf‘an) to be useful; ‫ ﻫـﺬا ﻻ ﳚـﺪﻳﻚ‬that won’t help you,

that will be of no use (to you); ‫ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺪى ﻋﻨﻚ ﻫﺬا‬do.; ‫( ﻻ ﳚﺪى ﻓﺘﻴﻼ‬fatīlan) = ‫ﻻ‬
‫ ﻳﻐﲎ ﻓﺘﻴﻼ‬see ‫ ﻓﺘﻴﻞ‬X to beg for alms; to implore, beg (‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. for s.th.), plead
(‫ ﻫـ‬for s.th.)
‫ ﺟﺪاء‬jadā’ advantage, gain (.r for s.o.)
‫ ﺟـﺪوى‬jadwā gift, present; advantage, benefit, gain| ‫( ﺑـﻼ ﺟـﺪوى‬bi-lā) and
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﺟﺪوى‬gairi) of no avail, useless, futile, in vain
‫ اﺟﺪى‬ajdā more useful, more advantageous
‫ ﺟـﺪى‬jady pl. ‫ ﺟـﺪاء‬jidā’, ‫ ﺟـﺪ ن‬jidyān kid, young billy goat; Capricorn
(astron.); ‫ اﳉﺪى‬the North Star
‫ ﺟﺬ‬jadda u (jadd) to cut off, clip (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﺟـﺬاذة‬jadāda pl. -āt slip of paper; pl. ‫ ﺟـﺬاذات‬small pieces, shreds, scraps,
clippings
‫ ﺟـﺬب‬jadaba i (jadb) to pull, draw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to attract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pull out,
Confidential
draw out, whip out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), draw (‫ ﻫـ‬a weapon, or the like); to appeal, prove
attractive (‫ ه‬to s.o.), attract, captivate, charm, allure (‫ ه‬s.o.), win (‫ ه‬s.o.)
over (‫ اﻟﻴﻪ‬to one’s side) III to contend (‫ ه‬with s.o.) at pulling, tugging, etc. (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.)|‫اﳊﺒـﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺎذﺑـﻪ‬ (ḥabla) to vie with s.o.; (to be able) to compete with s.o.,
measure up to s.o., be a match for s.o.; ‫ ﺟﺎذﺑـﻪ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬or ‫ ﺟﺎذﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪﻳﺜﺎ‬or ‫ﺟﺎذﺑـﻪ‬
‫( اﻃـﺮاف اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬aṯrāfa l-ḥ.) he engaged him in conversation, involved him in a
discussion; ‫( ﺟﺎذﺑـﻪ اﻃـﺮاف اﳊﻀـﺎرة‬aṯrāfa l-ḥaḍāra) to vie with s.o. in culture VI
to pull back and forth (‫ ه‬s.o.); to contend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬for); to attract each other|
‫( ﲡـﺎذﺑﻮا اﻃـﺮاف اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬aṯrāfa l-ḥ.) they were deep in conversstion, they were
talking together VII to be attracted; to be drawn, gravitate (JI toward, to)
VIII to attract (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬to o.s.; also magn.); to allure, entice (‫ه‬
s.o.); to win (‫ ه‬s.o.) over (‫ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬to one's side); to draw, inhale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬puffs from a
cigarette, etc.)
‫ ﺟـﺬب‬jadb attraction; gravitation; appeal, lure, enticement, captivation|
‫ اﺧﺬ ﺟﺬ‬to wrest away, take away by force; ‫( اﳉﺬب اﳉﻨﺴﻰ‬jinsī) sex appeal
209
‫ ﺟــﺬاب‬jaddāb attractive; magnetic (fig.); suction, suctorial; winning,

fetching, engaging; charming, enticing, captivating, gripping
‫ اﺟﺬب‬ajdab2 more attractive, more captivating
‫ اﳒﺬاب‬injidāb attraction, inclination, pronenesa, tendency
‫ اﺟﺘﺬاب‬ijtidāb attraction; enticement, lure
‫ ﺟــﺎذب‬jādib attractive; magnetic (fig.); winning, fetubing, engaging;
charming, enticing, captivating, gripping
‫ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ‬jādibīya gravitation; attraction; attractiveness; charm, fascination;
magnetism (fig.); lure, enticement|O ‫ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴـﺔ اﻟﺜﻘـﻞ‬j. ataql gravitational force;
‫( ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬magnaṯisūya) magnetism; ‫ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﳉﻨﺲ‬j. al-jins sex appeal
‫ ﳎﺬوب‬majdūb attracted; possessed, maniacal, insane; (pl. ‫ ﳎﺎذب‬majādib2)
maniac, lunatic, madman, idiot|‫ﺎذﻳــﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸــﻔﻰ ا‬ mustašfā l-m. mental
hospital
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﺎذب‬mutajādib mutually attractive; belonging together, inseparable
‫ ﻣﻨﺠﺬب‬munjadib attracted; inclined, tending (‫ اﱃ‬to)
Confidential
‫ ﺟـﺬر‬jadara u (jadr) to uproot, tear out by the roots (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II do.; to
extract the root (‫ ﻫـ‬of a number; math.); to take root
‫ ﺟـﺬر‬jidr, jadr pl. ‫ ﺟـﺬور‬judūr root (also math.); stem, base, lower end; (pl.
‫ اﺟـﺬار‬ajdār) stub (of a receipt book, or the like)| ‫( ﺟـﺬر ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻌـﻰ‬tarbī‘ī) square
root (math.)
‫ ﺟﺬرى‬jidrī, radical, roct (adj.)
‫ ﲡﺬﻳﺮ‬tajdīr evolution, root extraction (math.)
‫ ﺟﺬع‬jada‘ pl. ‫ ﺟﺬع‬jud‘ān young man, young fellow (cf. ‫ ﺟـﺪع‬gada‘); new,
incipient| ‫( ﻋــﺎدت اﳊــﺮب ﺟﺬﻋــﺔ‬ḥarbu, jada‘atan) the war broke out again,
started all over again; ‫( اﻋـﺎد اﻻﻣـﺮ ﺟـﺬﻋﺎ‬l-amra) he reopened the whole affair,
he reverted to the earlier status
‫ ﺟﺬع‬jid‘ pl. ‫ اﺟﺬاع‬ajdā‘, ‫ ﺟﺬوع‬judū‘ stem, trunk.; stump, tree stump; torso
‫ ﺟﺬﻋﻰ‬jid‘ī truncal
‫ ﺟﺬف‬II to row (‫ ﻫـ‬a boat)
‫ ﳎﺬاف‬mijdāf pl. ‫ ﳎﺎذف‬majādif2 oar
210
‫ ﺟـﺬل‬jadala a (jadal) to be happy, gay, exuberant, rejoice IV to make

happy, gladden, cheer (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺟﺬل‬jidl pl. ‫ اﺟﺬال‬ajdāl, ‫ ﺟﺬول‬judūl stump (of a tree)
‫ ﺟﺬﻳﻞ‬jadīl wooden post on which camels rub themselves
‫ ﺟﺬل‬jada1 gaiety, hilarity, exuberance, happiness
‫ ﺟــﺬل‬jadil pl. ‫ ﺟــﺬﻻن‬judlān gay, hilarious, cheerful, in high spirits,
exuberant, happy
‫ ﺟﺬﻻن‬jadlān2 gay, hilarious, cheerful, in high spirits, exuberaut, happy
‫ ﺟـﺬم‬ijdama i (jadm) to out off, chop off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. a part of the body);
to remove, ta.ke out, excise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., the tonsils, the appendix; surg.); pass.
judima to be afllicted with leprosy
‫ ﺟﺬم‬jidm pl. ‫ ﺟﺬوم‬judūm, ‫ اﺟﺬام‬ajdām root
‫ ﺟﺬام‬judām leprosy
‫ ﺟﺬاﻣﺔ‬judāma stubble
‫ اﺟﺬام‬ajdām2 pl. ‫ ﺟﺬاﻣﻰ‬jadmā mutilated (from having an arm, a hand, etc.,
Confidential
cut off); leprous; leper
‫ ﳎﺬوم‬majdūm leprous; leper
‫ ﺟﺬﻣﻮر‬judmur stump
‫ ﺟـﺬوة‬jadwa, jidwa, judwa pl. ‫ ﺟـﺬى‬jidan, judan, ‫ ﺟـﺬاء‬jidā’ firebrand;
burning log
‫ ﺟـﺮ‬jarra u (jarr) to draw, pull (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to drag, tug, haul (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to tow
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to trail (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to drag along (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to draw (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.
on s.o.), bring (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) down (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.); to lead (‫ اﱃ‬to), bring on, cause
(‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to entail (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., some evil, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce the
final consonant with i, put (a word) into tho genitive|‫ﺟﺮﻳـﺮة‬ ‫( ﺟـﺮ‬jarīratan) to
commit an outrage, a crime (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.); ‫( ﺟـﺮ ﻗﻴـﻮدا‬quyūdan) to be in
shackles, go shackled; ‫ﺟـﺮ اﻟﻨـﺎر اﱃ ﻗﺮﺻـﻪ‬ (qurṣihī) to secure advantages for
o.s., feather one’s nest; ‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﳚـﺮ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬lisānahū bi-kalima) he won’t let a
word escape his lips IV to ruminate VII passive of I; to be driven; to be
‫( اﳒـﺮ اﱃ اﻟـﻮراء‬warā’i) to withdraw, fall back,
swept along, drift, float| give
way VIII to ruminate| ‫( اﺟﱰ آﻻﻣﻪ‬ālāmahū) to mull over one’s grief
211
‫ ﺟـﺮ‬jarr pull(ing), drawing, draft.; traction, drag(ging), tugging, towage,

hauling; bringing on, causing; genitive| ‫ﺣــﺮف اﳉــﺮ‬ ḥarf al-j. (gram.)
preposition; ‫ﺟﺮا‬ ‫ وﻫﻠﻢ‬wa-halumma jarran and so forth
‫ ﺟﺮة‬jarra pl. ‫ ﺟﺮار‬jirār (earthenware) jar
‫ ﺟـﺮة‬jarra, jurra trail, track; rut (left by a wagon)| ‫ ﲜـﺮة ﻗﻠـﻢ‬bi-j. qalam with
one stroke of the pen
‫ ﺟﺮة‬jirra cud (of a ruminant)
‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺟـﺮى‬min jarrā because of| ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺟـﺮاك‬because of you, on your account,
for your sake
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮاء‬min jarā’i because of, due to|‫ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮاء أن‬because
‫ ﺟـﺮار‬jarrār huge, tremendous (army); potter; (pl. -āt) tractor; tugboat,
steam tug, towing launch
‫ ﺟﺎرور‬jārūr pl. ‫ ﺟﻮارﻳﺮ‬jawārīr2 (syr.) drawer (of a desk, etc.)
‫ ﺟﺎرورة‬jārūra (leb.) rake (tool)
‫ ﺟﺮﻳـﺮة‬jarīr pl. ‫ ﺟﺮاﺋـﺮ‬jarā’ir2 guilt; offense, outrage, crime| ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺮﻳـﺮة‬min
Confidential
jarīrati because of, on account of
‫ ﺟﺮارة‬jarrāra pl. -āt a variety of scorpion; tractor
‫ ﳎﺮ‬mijarr trace, tug (of a harness)
‫ ﳎﺮة‬majarra galaxy
‫ اﳒﺮارﻳﺔ‬injirārīya (eg.) towage charges for watercraft
‫ ﳎﺮور‬majrūr drawn, dragged, towed, etc.; word governed by a preposition,
word in the genitive form; (pl. ‫ﳎـﺎرﻳﺮ‬ magārir2) drain, sewer (eg.); ‫ﳎـﺎرﻳﺮ‬
sewers, sewage system (eg.)
‫ ﳎﱰ‬mujtarr ruminant (adj. and n.)
‫ ﺟـﺮؤ‬jaru’a u (‫ ﺟـﺮأة‬jur’a, ‫ ﺟـﺮاءة‬jarā’a) to dare, venture, risk, hazard (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.th.), take the risk (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of,
‫ ان‬of doing s.th.), have the courage (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for
s.th.) II to encourage (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. to s.th.) V to dare, venture, risk. hazard
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) VIII to be venturesome, be daring; to become bold, make bold
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with s.o.); to venture (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. or upon s.th.), have the audacity (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to
do s.th.)
‫ ﺟـﺮئ‬jarī’ pl. ‫ اﺟـﺮ ء‬ajriyā’2 bold, courageous (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ب‬in s.th.); forward,
immodest, insolent; daring, reckless, fool-bardy
212
‫ ﺟ ـﺮأة‬jur’a and ‫ ﺟـﺮاءة‬jarā’a courage, boldness, daring; forwardness,

insolence
‫ ﳎﱰئ‬mujtari’ bold, forward
‫( ﺟﺮاج‬Fr.) garāž pl. -āt garage (eg.)
‫ ﺟﺮام‬grām gram (eg.)
‫ ﺟﺮاﻧﻴﺖ‬granīt granite (eg.)
‫ ﺟﺮاﻧﻴﱴ‬granītī granitic (eg.)
2‫ ﺟـﺮب‬jariba a (jarab) to be mangy; (eg.) to fade (color) II to test (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to try, try out, essay (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sample (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rehearse, practice (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to attempt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to put to the test, try, tempt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.)| ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺟـﺮب ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
to try one’s hand at; ‫م‬ ‫( ﺟﺮب اﻻ‬ayyāma) to gather experience
‫ ﺟﺮب‬jarab mange; itch, scabies
‫ ﺟﺮب‬jarib mangy; scabby
‫ اﺟـﺮب‬ajrab2, f. ‫ ﺟـﺮ ء‬jarbā’2, pl. ‫ ﺟـﺮب‬jurb and ‫ ﺟـﺮ ن‬jarbān2 mangy;
Confidential
scabby
‫ ﺟـﺮاب‬jirāb pl. ‫ اﺟﺮﺑـﺔ‬ajriba, ‫ﺟـﺮب‬jurub sack, bag, traveling bag; knapsack;
scrotum; covering, case; sheath, scabbard (for the sword)
‫ ﺟﺮاب‬jurāb pl. -āt stocking, sock
‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺐ‬jarīb a patch of arable land
‫ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ‬tajriba pl. ‫ ﲡﺎرب‬tajārib2 trial, test; tryout; attempt; practice, rehearsal;
scientific test, experiment; probation; trial, tribulation; temptation;
experience, practice; proof sheet, galley proof, also ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﲡﺮﺑﺔ‬maṯba‘īya)
‫ ﲡﺮﻳﺐ‬tajrīb trial, test(ing); trial, tribulation; temptation
‫ ﲡ ـﺮﻳﱮ‬tajrībī trial, test (adj.); experimental; based on experience,
empirical|‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﱮ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ilm an-nafs) experimental psychology
O ‫ ﲡﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬tajrībīya empiricism (philos.)
‫ ﳎﺮب‬mujarrib experimental; tester; examiner; tempter
‫ ﳎـﺮب‬mujarrab tried, tested; proven or establisbed by experience, time-
tested, time-tried; experienced, practiced, seasoned; man of experience
2 ‫ ﺟﻮرب‬look up alphabeticaUy
‫ ﺟﺮﺑﺬة‬jarbada = ‫ﺟﺮﺑﺰة‬
213
‫ ﺟﺮﺑﺰ‬jurbuz pl. ‫ ﺟﺮاﺑﺰة‬jarābiza impostor, confidence man, swindler

‫ ﺟﺮﺑﺰة‬jarbaza (also ‫ )ﺟﺮﺑﺬة‬deception, swindle
‫ ﺟﺮﺑﻮع‬jarbū‘ (= ‫ )ﻳﺮﺑﻮع‬pl. ‫ ﺟﺮاﺑﻴﻊ‬jarābī‘2 jerboa (zool.)
‫ ﺟﺮﺑﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬jarabandīya (and ‫ )ﺟﺮاﺑﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬knapsack, rucksack
‫ ﺟﺮﺛﻮم‬jurtūm, ‫ ﺟﺮﺛﻮﻣﺔ‬jurtūma pl. ‫ ﺟﺮاﺛﻴﻢ‬jarātīm2 root; origin; germ; microbe,
bacillus, bacterium| ‫اﳉﺮﺛﻮم‬ ‫ ﲢﺖ‬taḥt al-j. inframicrobe
‫ ﺟﺮاج‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺟﺮﺟـﺮ‬jarjara (‫ ﺟﺮﺟـﺮة‬jarjara) to gargle; to jerk or pull back and forth; to
trail, drag (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tow away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)| ‫ﺧﻄـﺎﻩ‬ ‫( ﺟﺮﺟـﺮ‬ḳuṯāhū) to drag one’s
feet, shuffle along II tajarjara pass. and refl. of I
‫ ﺟﺮﺟﺮة‬jarara gargling; rombling noise; rumble, clatter (of a wagon)
‫ ﺟﺮﺟﺮ‬jirjir (large, thick) beans
‫ ﺟﺮﺟﲑ‬jirjīr watercress (eg., syr.)
‫ ﺟـﺮح‬jaraḥa a (jarḥ to wound (‫ ه‬s.o.); to injure, hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.; also fig., the
Confidential
feelings) II to invalidate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬teatimony), challenge, declare unreliahle (‫ ه‬a
witness), take formal exception (‫ﻫ ـ‬
crime)| ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺂت‬
,‫ ه‬to) VIII to commit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an outrage, a
‫( اﺟﱰح‬sayyi’āt) to do evil things
‫ ﺟـﺮح‬jurḥ pl. ‫ ﺟـﺮاح‬jirāḥ, ‫ ﺟـﺮوح‬jurūḥ, ‫ ﺟﺮوﺣـﺎت‬jurūḥāt, ‫ اﺟـﺮاح‬ajrāḥ wound,
injury, lesion
‫ ﺟﺮاح‬jarrāḥ pl. -ūn surgeon|‫ ﺟﺮاح اﻻﺳﻨﺎن‬dental surgeon
‫ ﺟﺮاﺣﺔ‬jirāḥa surgery
‫ ﺟﺮاﺣﻰ‬jirāḥī surgical| ‫‘( ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺮاﺣﻴﺔ‬amalīya) surgical operation
‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺢ‬jarīḥ pl. ‫ ﺟﺮﺣﻰ‬jarḥā wounded, injured, hurt
‫ ﲡﺮﻳﺢ‬tajrīḥ surgery; defamation, disparagement
‫ ﺟــﺎرح‬jarīḥ injuring; wounding, stinging, painful, hurting; rapacious
(beast), predatory
‫ ﺟﺎرﺣـﺔ‬jāriḥa pl. ‫ ﺟـﻮارح‬jawāriḥ2 predatory animal or bird| ‫ ﺟـﻮارح اﻟﻄـﲑ‬j. aṯ-
ṯair predatory birds
‫ ﺟـﻮارح‬jawāriḥ2 limbes, extremities (of the hody)| ‫ ﺑﻜـﻞ ﺟﻮارﺣـﻪ‬with might
and main, with all his strength
214
‫ ﳎﺮوح‬majrūḥ pl. ‫ ﳎﺎرﻳﺢ‬majārīḥ2 wounded, injured, hurt

‫ ﺟﺮد‬jarada u (jard) to peel, pare (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to remove the shell, peel, rind or
husk (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.); to denude, diveet, strip, bare (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); (com.) to take stock;
to make an inventory (‫ اﻟﺒﻀـﺎﺋﻊ‬of goods on hand) II to peel, pare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
remove the shell, peel, rind or husk (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to denude, divest, strip,
dispossess, deprive (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. of); to withhold (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬from s.o.
s.th.); to draw, unsheathe (‫ اﻟﺴـﻴﻒ‬the sword); to unleash (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. against
s.o.); to send, dispatch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a military detachment, troops, ‫ ﺿـﺪ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against
s.o.); to free (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. from); to isolate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to abstract (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to divest (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬ss.o. of his citizenship, of a rank, of a vested right, etc.)|
‫ ﺟـﺮدﻩ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻼح‬to disarm s.o.; ‫ ﺟـﺮد ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬to free o.s. from, rid o.s. of, give
up s.th. V pass. of II; to strip o.s., rid o.s., get rid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), free o.s. (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to be free (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from, ‫ ل‬for a task); to devote o.s.
Confidential
exclusively (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to give up, renounce (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to isolate o.s. ;
to be absolute
‫ ﺟﺮد‬jard bare, threadbare, shabby, worn; (com.) inventory; stocktaking
‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺪ‬jarīd without vegetation, barren, bleak, stark (landscape)
‫ اﺟـﺮاد‬ajrād2, f. ‫ ﺟــﺮداء‬jardā’2, pl. ‫ ﺟــﺮد‬jurd desolate, bleak, without
vegetation; hairless, bald; threadbare shabby, worn (garment); open,
unprotected (border)
‫ ﺟ ـﺮاد‬jarād (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬locust(s)| ‫( ﺟـﺮاد اﻟﺮﺣــﺎل‬raḥḥāl) migratory
locust(s); ‫ ﺟـﺮاد اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬j. al-baḥr langouste, sea cray-fish; ‫ ﲜﺮادﻫـﺎ‬bi-jarādihā in
its entirety
‫ ﺟﺮﻳـﺪ‬jarīd palm branches stripped of their leaves; jeered, a blunt javelin
used in equestrian games
‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺪة‬jarīda pl. ‫ ﺟﺮاﺋـﺪ‬jarā’id2 (n. un. of ‫ )ﺟﺮﻳـﺪ‬palm-leaf stalk; list, register,
roster, index; newspaper|‫ﻳﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺟﺮﻳـﺪة‬yaumīya) daily newspaper; ‫ﺟﺮاﺋـﺪ اﳌﺴـﺎء‬
j. al-masā’ the evening papers; ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻃﻘﺔ‬ ‫ اﳉﺮﻳﺪة‬and ‫ اﳉﺮﻳﺪة اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬tho newsreel
‫ اﺟﺮودى‬ajrūdī (syr.) beardless, hairless
‫ ﳎﺮد‬mijrad pl. ‫ ﳎﺎرد‬majārid2 scraper
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‫ ﲡﺮﻳ ــﺪ‬tajrīd peeling. paring; disrobement, stripping; denudation;

deprivation; divestment; disarmament; dispatching (of troops); freeing;
isolation; abstraction|‫اﻟﺴﻼح‬ ‫ ﲡﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬disarmament
‫ ﲡﺮﻳﺪة‬tajrīda pl. -āt ‫ ﲡﺎرﻳﺪ‬tajārīd2 military detachment, expeditionary force
‫ ﲡــﺮد‬tajarrud freedom (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋــﻦ‬from); isolatedness, isolation;
independence, impartiality; absoluteness; abstractness, abstraction
‫ ﳎـﺮد‬mujarrad denuded, bare, naked; freed, free (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); pure,
mere, nothing more than; sole; very, absolute; abstract; selfless,
disinterested; 1st stem of tbe verb (gram.)|with foll. noun in genitive = mere,
sheer, nothing but:) ‫ﳍﻮ‬ ‫ ﳎﺮد‬mujarradu lahwin mere play, just fun; ‫ﻟﻌـﲔ ا ـﺮدة‬
with the naked eye; ‫ ﲟﺠـﺮد ﻣـﺎ‬bi-mujarradi mā as soon as, at the very moment
when
‫ ﺟﺮدل‬jardal pl. ‫ ﺟﺮادل‬jaradil2 bucket, pail
‫ ﺟﺮذ‬jurad pl. ‫ ﺟﺮذان‬jirdān, jurdān large rat
‫ ﺟﺮذون‬jirdaun pl. ‫ ﺟﺮاذﻳﻦ‬jarādīn2 large rat
1‫ ﺟـﺮس‬jarasa i (jars) to ring, toll, knell, (re)sound II to make experienced,
Confidential
inure by severe trials, sorely try (‫ ه‬s.o.; time, events); to compromise,
disgrace, discredit, expose, bring into dierepute (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ ﺟﺮس‬jars, jirs sound, tone
‫ ﺟﺮس‬jaras pl. ‫ اﺟﺮاس‬ajrās bell
‫ ﺟﺮﺳﺔ‬jursa defamation, public exposure; scandal, disgrac
2 ‫ ﺟﺮﺳـﺎﻳﺔ‬jirsāya, ‫ ﺟﺮﺳـﻴﺔ‬jirsīya pl. -āt jersey, woolen sweater; ‫ ﺟﺮﺳـﻰ‬jersey
cloth
‫ ﺟﺮش‬jaraša u (jarš) to crush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to grate, bruise, grind (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﺮش‬jarš a grating, scraping noise
‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺶ‬jarīš crushed, bruised, coarsely ground; crushed grain; grits
‫ ﺟﺎروﺷﺔ‬jārūša pl. ‫ ﺟﻮارش‬jawarīš2 quern, hand mill (for grinding grain)
‫ ﺟـﺮض‬jaraḍa a (jaraḍ): ‫( ﺟـﺮض ﺑﺮﻳﻘـﻪ‬bi-rīqihī) he choked on his saliva,
could not swallow his saliva (because of excitement, alarm, or grief), he was
very upset, in a atate of great agitation, deeply moved; -- jaraḍa u (jarḍ) to
choke, sulfocate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV ‫اﺟﺮﺿـﻪ ﺑﺮﻳﻘـﻪ‬ (cf. I) to alarm s.o., fill s.o. with
apprehension
216
‫ ﺟـﺮﻳﺾ‬jarīḍ: ‫ ﺣـﺎل اﳉـﺮﻳﺾ دون اﻟﻘـﺮﻳﺾ‬ḥāla l.j. dūna l-qarīḍ (proverb; lit.:
choking prevented poetry, i.e.) in the face of death one does not think of
rhyming (among other interpretations)
‫ ﺟﺮع‬jara‘a a (jar‘) and jari‘a a (jara‘) to swallow, gulp, devour (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
pour down, toss down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a drink) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) swallow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
gulp down V to drink (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII to swallow, gulp down (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﺮﻋـﺔ‬jur‘a, jar‘a pl. ‫ ﺟـﺮع‬jura‘, -āt gulp, mouthful, draught; potion, dose
(med.)
‫ ﺟـﺮف‬jarafa u (jarf) and VIII to sweep away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wash away (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to shovel away (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to remove (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to tear away, carry off (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to carry along (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th.) VII to be swept away, be carried
away
‫ ﺟﺮف‬jurf, juruf pl. ‫ ﺟـﺮوف‬jurūf, ‫ اﺟـﺮاف‬ajrāf undercut bank or shore; clilf,
steep slope, precipice; bluff (along a river or coast)| ‫ﺟـﺮف ﺟﻠﻴـﺪي‬ (jalīdī)
avalanche
Confidential
‫ ﺟﺮاﻓﺔ‬jarrāfa pl. -āt, ‫ ﺟﺮارﻳﻒ‬jarārīf 2 rake; harrow
‫ ﳎﺮف‬majraf pl. ‫ ﳎﺎرف‬majārif2 torrent, .trong current
‫ ﳎﺮﻓﺔ‬mijrafa shovel, scoop; (syr.) mattock; trowel
‫ ﳎﺮاف‬mijrāf pl. ‫ ﳎﺎرف‬majārīf2 shovel, scoop
‫ ﺟـﺎرف‬jārif torrential (stream, mountain creek); stormy, violent (emotions,
passions)
‫ اﳉﺮﻛﺲ‬al-jarkas the Circassians
‫ ﺟﺮﻛﺴﻰ‬jarkasī pl. ‫ ﺟﺮاﻛﺴﺔ‬jarākisa circassian (adj. and n.)
‫ ﺟـﺮم‬jarama i (jarm) to sone (‫ اﳊـﻢ‬al-laḥma the meat); -- to commit an
offense, a crime, an outrage (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬against s.o.), sin (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬against
s.o.), injure, harm, wrong (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o.) II to incriminate, charge with a
crime (‫ ه‬s.o.; syr.) IV to commit a crime, to sin (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬against s.o.), do
wrong (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), harm, wrong (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o.) VIII = IV
‫ ﺟﺮم‬garm pl. ‫ ﺟﺮوم‬gurūm (eg.) long, flat-bottomed sarge, lighter (naut.)
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‫ ﺟـﺮم‬jirm pl. ‫ اﺟـﺮام‬ajrām, ‫ ﺟـﺮم‬jurum body; mass, sulk, volume (of a body)|
‫( اﻻﺟﺮام اﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬falakīya) the celestial bodies
‫ ﺟﺮم‬iunn pl. ‫ اﺟﺮام‬ajrām, ‫ ﺟﺮوم‬jurūm offense, crime, sin
‫ ﻻ ﺟﺮم‬lā jarama surely, certainly, of course
‫ ﺟﺮﱘ‬jarīm hulking, bulky, huge, voluminous, of great size
‫ ﺟﺮﳝـﺔ‬jarīma pl. ‫ ﺟـﺮاﺋﻢ‬jarā’im2 crime; offense; sin|( ‫ﻋﻈﻤـﻰ‬or) ‫ﺟﺮﳝـﺔ ﻛـﱪى‬
(kubrā, uẓma) capital offense; ‫اﳉﺮاﺋﻢ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬penal code
‫ اﺟﺮام‬ijrām crime; culpability, delinquency
‫ اﺟﺮاﻣﻰ‬ijrāmī criminal
‫ ﳊﻢ ﳎﺮوم‬laḥm majrūm fillet (meat)
‫ ﺳﻨﺔ ﳎﺮﻣﺔ‬sana mujarrama an entire year
‫ ﳎﺮم‬mujrim criminal; (pl. -ūn) a criminal; evildoer, culprit, delinquent| ‫ﳎﺮم‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﺪ‬ recidivous criminal
‫ ﺟﺮاﻣﺰ‬jarāmiz2 and ‫ ﺟﺮاﻣﻴﺰ‬jarāmīz2 limbs, legs| ‫( ﺿﻢ ﺟﺮاﻣﻴـﺰﻩ‬ḍamma) he beat
Confidential
it, he made off
‫ اﳉﺮﻣﺎن‬al-jarmān the Germanic tribes, the Teutons
‫ ﺟﺮﻣﺎﱏ‬jarmānī Germanic, Teutonic
1 ‫ ﺟﺮن‬jurn pl. ‫ اﺟﺮان‬ajrān (stone) basin; mortar; (eg.) threshing floor, barn|
‫ ﺟﺮن اﳌﻌﻤﻮدﻳﺔ‬j. al-ma‘mūdīya baptismal font
2 ‫ﺟـﺮان‬ jirān the front part of a camel’s neck|‫ﲜﺮاﻧــﻪ‬ ‫ﺿــﺮب‬ to become
established, take root; ‫ﺟﺮاﻧـﻪ‬ ‫( اﻟﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬alqā, jirānahū) to apply o.s. to s.th. and
adjust to it, accustom o.s. to s.th.
‫ ﺟـﺮ ل‬jurnāl (eg. also gurnāl) pl. ‫ ﺟﺮاﻧﻴـﻞ‬žarānīl2 (eg., garānīl2) journal,
newspaper, periodical
‫ ﺟﺮاﻧﻴﺖ‬granīt granite
‫ ﺟﺮاﻧﻴﱴ‬grānītī granitic
‫ ﺟﺮو‬jarw (jirw, jurw) pl. ‫ اﺟﺮ‬ajrin, ‫ ﺟـﺮاء‬jirā’, ‫ اﺟـﺮاء‬ajrā’, ‫ اﺟﺮﻳـﺔ‬ajriya puppy,
whelp, cub (of a dog or beast of prey)
‫ ﺟﺮوﺳﺔ‬grōsa gross (= 12 dozen)
‫ ﺟـﺮى‬jarā i (jary) to flow, stream (water); to run; to hurry, rush; to slow
(wind); to take place, come to pass, happen, occur; to be under way, be in
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progress, be going on (work); to befall (‫ ل‬s.o.), happen (‫ ل‬to); to be in

circulation, circulate, be current; to wend one’s way (‫ اﱃ‬to), head (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for);
to proceed (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in accordance with); to follow (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬s.th.), yield, give way (‫ﻣـﻊ‬
to, e.g., to a desire); to entail (‫ ب‬s.th.); (with ‫ )وراء‬to run or be after s.th.,
seek to get s.th.| ‫ﺟـﺮى ﻟـﻪ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﻣـﻊ‬he had a talk with; ‫( ﺟـﺮى ﳎـﺮاﻩ‬majrāhū) to
take the same course as, be analogous to, follow the same way as, proceed
or act in the same manner as; ‫ﳎﺮى اﻟﺪم‬ ‫( ﺟﺮى ﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﺸﻲء‬minhu š-šai’u majrā d-
dam) it had become second nature to him; ‫( ﺟــﺮى ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻻﻟﺴــﻦ‬alsun) to
circulate, make the rounds (rumor); ‫ ﺟـﺮى ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛـﻞ ﻟﺴـﺎن‬to be on everyone’s
lip; ‫( ﺟـﺮى ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﻠﻤـﻪ‬qalamihī) to come to s.o.’s pen (e.g, a poem); ‫ﺟـﺮى ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( ﺧﻄـﺔ‬ḳiṯṯa) to follow a plan; ‫‘( ﻣـﺎ ﳚـﺮى ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬amalu) the way things are
handled, what is customary practice; ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ ﺟﺮى ﺑﻪ‬to be in force, be valid, be
commonly observed (law, custom); ‫ ﺟــﺮت اﻟﻌــﺎدة ب‬to be customary, be
common practice, be a common phenomenon, have gained vogue; ‫ﺟـﺮى‬
Confidential
‫ ﻟﻌـﺎدة ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th. customarily, se in the habit of doing s.th.; ‫ﺟـﺮت ﺑـﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﻋـﺎد ﻢ‬that was their habit II to cause to run|‫( ﺟـﺮى رﻳﻘـﻪ‬rīqahū) to make s.o.’s
mouth water III to concur, agree, be in agreement (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ ﰱ‬in s.th.); to
keep pace, keep up (‫ ه‬with s.o.; also intellectually); to be able to follow (‫ه‬
s.o.); to go (along) (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to adapt o.s. adjust, conform (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), be guided

(‫ ﻫ ـ‬by) IV to cause to flow, make flow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cause to run, set running
(‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) take place or happen, bring about (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to carry out, execute, enforce, put into effect, apply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g.,
rules, regulations); to carry out, perform (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an action); to Set going, set in
motion (‫ ﻫـ‬a project), launch (‫ ﻫـ‬an undertaking); to channel (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ل‬s.th.
to), bestow, settle (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ل ﻫـ‬s.th. upon s.o.); to impose, inflict (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th.,
a penalty, on s.o.)| ‫( اﺟـﺮى ﲡﺮﺑـﺔ‬tajribatan) to carry out an experiment; ‫اﺟـﺮى‬

‫ﲢﻘﻴﻘـﺎ‬ to conduct an investigation; ‫( اﺟـﺮى ﻟـﻪ اﻋﺎﻧـﺔ‬i‘ānatan) to grant s.o. a
219
subsidy; ‫اﺟـﺮاﻩ ﳎـﺮى‬ (majrā, with foll. genitive) to treat s.th. in the same
manner as, put s.th. on equal footing with
‫ ﺟﺮى‬jary course|‫ ﺟﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬jaryan ‘alā in accordance with, according to
‫ ﺟـﺮاك‬min jarāka and min jarā’ika because of you, on your account, for
your sake
‫ ﺟﺮاء‬jarrā’ runner, racer
‫ ﺟﺮاﻳـﺔ‬jirāya pl. -āt daily (food) rations; pay, salary|‫‘ ﻋـﻴﺶ ﺟﺮاﻳـﺔ‬ēš girāya
(eg.) coarse bread
‫ ﺟﺮ ن‬jarayāan flow, flux; course; stream
‫ ﳎـﺮى‬majra.. pl. ‫ ﳎـﺎر‬majārin watercourse, stream, rivulet, gully; torrent or
flood of water; pipeline; canal, channel; drain, sewer, pl. sewers, sewage
system; power line (el.); current (el.); current (of a stream); guide rail
(tech.); course (of events), progress, passage|‫اﻟﺒـﻮل‬ ‫ﳎـﺮى‬ m. l-baul urethra
(anat.); ‫ﳎـﺎرى اﻟﺘـﻨﻔﺲ‬ m. t-tanaffus respiratory tract (anat.); ‫ﳎـﺮى اﳍـﻮاء‬ m. l-

hawā’ air stream, current of air, draft; ‫ اﺧـﺬ ﳎـﺮاﻩ‬to take its course; See also
‫ ﺟﺮى‬I and IV
Confidential
‫ ﻣــﺎﺟﺮ ت‬mājarayāt, mājariyāt (pl. of ‫( )ﻣــﺎ ﺟــﺮى‬course of) events,
happenings
‫ ﳎﺎراة‬mujārāh keeping up (with foll. genitive: with); conformity (with foll.
genitive: with)| ‫ل‬ ‫ ﳎـﺎراة‬mujārātan li in conformity with, in accordance with,
according to
‫ اﺟـﺮاء‬ijrā’ pl. -āt performance (of an action); execution; enforcement; pl.
measures, steps, proceedings| ‫اﲣــﺬ اﺟـﺮاءات‬ (ittaḳada) to take measures;
‫( اﺟﺮاءات ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬qānūnīya) legal step, proceedings at law
‫ ﺟـﺎر‬jārin flowing, streaming, running; circulating; current, present| ‫اﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‬
‫( اﳉﺎرى‬šahr) the current month
‫ ﺟﺎرﻳﺔ‬jāriya pl. –āt, ‫ ﺟﻮار‬jawārin girl; slave girl; maid, servant; ship, vessel
‫ ﺟـﺰ‬jazza u (jazz) to cut off, clip (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to shear, shear off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; esp.
the wool of sheep)
‫ ﺟﺰة‬jizza pl. ‫ ﺟﺰز‬jizaz, ‫ ﺟﺰاﺋﺰ‬jazā’iz2 shorn wool, fleece, slip
‫ ﺟﺰازة‬juzāza pl. -āt slip of paper; label, tag
‫ ﺟﺰاز‬jazzāz pl. –ūn shearer, woolshearer
220
‫ ﳎﺰ‬mijazz woolshears
‫ ﺟﺰأ‬jaza’a a and VIII to be content, content o.s. (‫ ب‬with) II to divide, part,
separate, break up, cut up, partition (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to divide, break up, be or
become divided; to be separated, be detached, be partitioned off; to be
divisible, separable (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫ ﺟـﺰء‬juz’ pl. ‫ اﺟـﺰاء‬ajzā’ part, portion; constituent, component; fraction;
division; section; the 30th part of the Koran (= 2 ḥizb)
‫ ﺟﺰﺋـﻰ‬juz’ī partial; minor, trivial, insignificant, unimportant; (jur.) minor,
petty; ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺎ‬ juz’īyan partly; ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺎت‬ juz’īyāt details, particulars; trivialities;
subordinate partly; divisions, sections (e.g., of a court of justice)| ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮاد‬
(mawādd) petty cases (jur.); ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺟـﻨﺢ‬junaḥ) summary delicts (jur.); ‫ﳏـﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬ courts of summary justice; ‫( ﻧﻴﺎﺑـﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬niyāba) parquet of a summary
court; ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺣﺎدﺛﺔ‬minor incident; ‫( ﺗﺴـﻮﻳﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬taswiya) part payment; ‫اﳉﺰﺋﻴـﺎت‬

‫واﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺎت‬ (kullīyāt) the particular and general aspects, the minor and the
Confidential
major issues
‫ ﺟﺰيء‬juzai’ pl. -āt molecule
‫ اﺟﺰاﺋﻰ‬ajzā’ī pl. -ūn pharmacist, druggist
‫ اﺟﺰاﺟﻰ‬ajzājī pl. -īya pharmacist, druggist
‫ اﺟﺰاﺋﻴﺔ‬ajzā’īya and ‫ اﺟﺰاﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬ajzāḳāna pl. -āt pharmacy, drugstore
‫ ﲡﺰﺋـﺔ‬tajzi’a division; partition; separation; dissociation; breakdown (into
classes, categories, etc.); fragmentation| ‫ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺰﺋـﺔ‬ divisisle; ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴــﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋــﺔ‬
divisibility; ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺮ‬ retailer, retail merchant
‫ ﺟﺰدان‬juzdān, jidān pl. -āt wallet; change purse
‫ ﺟـﺰر‬jazara u (jazr) to slaughter; to kill, butcher (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal); -- i u (jazr)
to sink, fall, drop, ebb (water)
‫ ﺟﺰر‬jazr slaughter; butchering; ebb (of the sea)
‫ ﺟﺰرة‬jazra blood sacrifice
‫ ﺟﺰور‬jazūr pl. ‫ ﺟﺰر‬juzur slaughter camel
‫ ﺟﺰار‬jazzār pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn butcher
221
‫ ﺟﺰﻳـﺮة‬jazīra pl. ‫ ﺟﺰاﺋـﺮ‬jazā’ir2, ‫ ﺟـﺰر‬juzur island| ‫ ﺷـﺒﻪ ﺟﺰﻳـﺮة‬šibhu j. peninsula;

‫ اﳉﺰﻳﺮة‬Al Jazira, (Northwest) Mesopotemia; ‫ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‬Algeria; Algiers; ‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻌـﺮب‬
j. al-‘arab Arabia, the Arabian Peninsula; ‫( اﳉﺰاﺋـﺮ اﳋﺎﻟـﺪات‬ḳālidāt) the Canary
Islands; ‫اﳋﻀﺮاء‬ ‫( اﳉﺰﻳﺮة‬ḳaḍrā’) Algeciras (seaport in SW Spain)
‫ ﺟﺰرى‬jazarī insular; (pl. -ūn) islander
‫ ﺟﺰاﺋﺮى‬jazā’rī pl. -ūn Algerian (adj. and n.); islander
‫ ﳎﺰر‬majzar pl. ‫ ﳎﺎزر‬majāzir2 slaughterhouse, abattoir; butchery
‫ ﳎﺰرة‬majzara pl. ‫ ﳎﺎزر‬majāzir2 butchery; massacre, carnage
2 ‫ﺟﺰر‬jazar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬carrot(s)
‫ ﺟــﺰع‬jazi‘a a (jaza‘, ‫ ﺟــﺰع‬juzū‘) to be or become anxious, worried,
concerned; to be sad, unhappy (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬about); to feel regret (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.), pity
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.); to mourn (j. for s.o.) V to break apart, break, snap

‫ ﺟﺰع‬jaz‘ onyx
‫ ﺟﺰع‬juz’ axle; shaft (techn.)
Confidential
‫ ﺟــﺰع‬jaza‘ anxiety, uneasiness, apprehension, concern; anguish, fear;
sadness
‫ ﺟﺰع‬jazi‘ restless, impatient; anxious, worried, uneasy, apprehensive
‫ ﺟـﺰع‬jazū‘ and ‫ ﺟـﺎزع‬jāzi‘ restless; impatient; anxious, worried, uneasy,
apprehensive
‫ ﳎﺰع‬mujazza‘ marbled, veined; variegated, dappled
‫ ﺟـﺰف‬III to act at random, blindly, Indiscriminately, take a chance; to
speculate (fin.); to speak vaguely, in general terms; to risk, stake (‫ ب‬s.th.)|
‫ﺟــﺎزف ﺑﻨﻔﺴــﻪ‬ to risk one’s life; ‫ﺟــﺎزف ﺑــﻪ ﰱ‬ to plunge s.o. into (some
adventure)
‫ ﺟﺰاف‬juzāf purchase of a certain amount of things (Isl. Law); ‫ ﺟﺰاﻓﺎ‬juzāfan
at random, haphazardly
‫ ﳎﺎزﻓــﺔ‬mujāzafa rashness, recklessness, foolhardiness; risk, hazard;
adventure, venture
‫ ﳎﺎزف‬mujāzif rash, reckless, foolhardy; adventurous; venturesome
2 ‫ ﺟـﺰل‬jazūla u to be considerable, abundant, plentiful IV ‫اﺟـﺰل ﻟـﻪ اﻟﻌﻄـﺎء‬
(‘aṯā’) to give generously, openhandedly, liberally to s.o. VIII to write
shorthand
222
‫ ﺟـﺰل‬jazl and ‫ ﺟﺰﻳـﻞ‬jazīl pl. ‫ ﺟـﺰال‬jizāl abundant, plentiful, ample, much;

pure, lucid, eloquent (style)| ‫ ﺟـﺰل اﻟـﺮأي‬of sound, unerring judgment; ‫ﺷـﻜﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺷـﻜﺮا ﺟـﺰﻳﻼ‬ šakarahū šukran jazīlan he thanked him profusely; ‫ﺷـﻜﺮا ﺟـﺰﻳﻼ‬
many thanks!
‫ ﺟﺰل‬jizla piece, slice
‫ ﺟﺰاﻟﺔ‬jazāla profusion, abundance; (rhet.) purity (of style)
‫ ﳎﺘﺰل‬mujtazil stenographer
1 ‫ ﺟﻮزل‬look up alphabetically
2 ‫ﺟﺰﻻن‬juzlān = ‫ﺟﺰدان‬
1 ‫ﺟـﺰم‬ jawma i (jazm) to cut off, cut short, clip (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to judge; to
decide. Settle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be positive (‫ ب‬about), be absolutely certain (‫ ب‬of
s.th.); to assert authoritatively (‫ ب‬s.th.); to make up one's mind, decide,
resolve (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.); to impose, make incumbent (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. on s.o.);
(gram.) to pronounce the final consonant (of a word) without a vowel; to put
Confidential
(‫ ﻫـ‬a verb) into the apocopate form or the imperative
‫ ﺟـﺰم‬jazm cutting off, clipping; decision; resolution, resolve; apodictic
judgment; (gram.) apocopate form| ‫اﳉﺰم‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬alāmat al-j. = jazma
‫ ﺟﺰﻣــﺔ‬jazma diacritical mark (o) indicating vowellessness of a final
consonant
‫ ﺟــﺎزم‬jāzim decisive; peremptory, definite, definitive, final; firmly
convinced, absolutely certain (‫ ب‬of s.th.); (pl. ‫ ﺟـﻮازم‬jawāzim2) governing
the apocopate form (gram.)
‫ ﳎــﺰوم‬majzūm cut off. cut short, clipped; decided. settled; (gram.)
vowelless (final consonant); in the apocopate form
‫ ﻣﻨﺠﺰم‬munjazim (gram.) in the apocopate form
2 ‫ ﺟﺰﻣـﺔ‬jazma pl. –āt, ‫ ﺟـﺰم‬jizam (pair of) shoes (pair of) boots| ‫ﺟﺰﻣـﺔ ﺑـﺮ ط‬
(bi-ribāṯ) laced soots; ‫( ﺟﺰﻣﺔ ﳌﺎﻋﺔ‬lammā‘a) patent-leather shoes
‫ ﺟﺰﳎـﻰ‬gazmagī (eg.) and ‫ ﺟﺰﻣـﺎﺗﻰ‬gizamātī (eg.), jazmātī (syr.) pl. -īya
shoemaker
‫ ﺟﺰى‬jazā i (‫ ﺟﺰاء‬iazii') to requite, recompense (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for), repay
(‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to reward (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for); to punish (‫ ه‬s.o.,
223
‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for); to satisfy (‫ ه‬s.o.), give satisfaction (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to compensate,

make up (‫ ب ﻫـ‬for s.th. with or by); to compensate, offset (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.)| ‫ﺟﺰاك ﷲ‬
‫( ﺧﲑا‬ḳairan) may God bless you for it!; ‫( ﺟﺰاﻩ ﺟﺰاء ﺳـﻨﻤﺎر‬jazā’a sinimmāra) he
returned to him good for evil III to repay, requite (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ب‬s.th. with, ‫ ب ه‬s.o.
for), recompense (‫ ب ه‬s.o. for); to reward (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. for); to punish
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. for)| ‫( ﺟـﺰاﻫﻢ ﺧـﲑا‬ḳairan) he invoked God’s reward upon
them IV to suffice (‫ ه‬s.o.), do for s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to take the place, serve instead
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬of), replace (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟـﺰاء‬jazā’ requital, repayment; recompense, return; compensation, setoff;
amends, reparation; punishment, penalty| ‫ﻧﻘﺪي‬ ‫( ﺟﺰاء‬naqdī) fine
‫ ﺟﺰاﺋﻰ‬jazā’ī penal
‫ ﺟﺰﻳـﺔ‬jizya pl. ‫ ﺟـﺰى‬jizan, ‫ ﺟـﺰاء‬jizā’ tax; tribute; head tax on free non-
Muslims under Muslim rule
‫ ﲡﺰﻳﺔ‬tajziya reward
Confidential
‫ ﳎﺎزاة‬mujāzāh requital, repayment; punishment
‫ ﺟﺲ‬jassa u (jass, ‫ ﳎﺴﺔ‬majassa) to touch, feel, handle (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to palpate,
examine by touch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to test, sound, probe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to try to gain
information (‫ ﻫ ـ‬about), try to find out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to spy out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)| ‫ﻧﺒﻀـﻪ‬ ‫ﺟـﺲ‬
(nabḍahū) to feel s.o.’s pulse, (fig.) ‫اﻟﺸـﻲء‬
‫ ﺟـﺲ ﻧـﺒﺾ‬to probe, sound out, try
to find out s.th. V to try to gain information (‫ ﻫ ـ‬about), try to find out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to reconnoiter, scout, explore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be a spy, engage in
espionage; to spy, pry, snoop (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on s.o.)| ‫اﺧﺒﺎرا‬‫( ﲡﺴﺲ ﻟﻪ‬aḳbāran) to gather
information for s.o., spy for s.o. VIII to touch, feel, handle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to spy
out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟـﺲ‬jass: ‫ ﻃـﺮى اﳉـﺲ‬ṯarīy al-j. delicate to the touch, having a tender
surface, fresh
‫ ﺟﺎﺳﻮس‬jāsūs pl. ‫ ﺟﻮاﺳﻴﺲ‬jawāsīs2 spy
‫ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﺔ‬jāsūsa woman spy
‫ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﻰ‬jāsūsī of espionage, spy- (in compounds)
224
‫ ﺟﺎﺳﻮﺳﻴﺔ‬jāsūsīya spying, espionage

‫ ﺟﻮﺳﺴﺔ‬jausasa spying, espionage
‫ ﳎـﺲ‬majass spot which one touches or feels; sense of touch| ‫ﺧﺸـﻦ ا ـﺲ‬
ḳašin al-m. coarse to the touch, having a rough surface
‫ ﳎﺲ‬mijass probe (med.)
‫ ﲡﺴﺲ‬tajassus spying, espionage
‫ ﺟﺎﺳﺊ‬jāsi’ hard, rough, rugged
‫ ﺟﺴﺪ‬II to make corporeal, invest with a body, embody, incarnate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.),
give concrete form (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to render or represent in corporeal form (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) V to become corporeal, assume concrete form, materialize; to become
incarnate (Chr.); to become three-dimensional
‫ ﺟﺴﺪ‬jasad pl. ‫ اﺟﺴﺎد‬ajsād body| ‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪ اﳉﺴـﺪ‬īd al-j. and ‫ ﲬـﻴﺲ اﳉﺴـﺪ‬Corpus
Christi Day (Chr.)
‫ ﺟﺴﺪى‬jasadī bodily, fleshly, carnal
‫ ﺟﺴﺪاﱏ‬jusdānī bodily
‫ ﲡﺴﺪ‬taia.snul materialization; incar·
Confidential
nation (OM.)
‫ ﳎﺴﺪ‬mujassad embodied, corporified
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﺴﺪ‬mutajassid corporeal; incarnate (Chr)
‫ ﺟﺴـﺮ‬jasara u to span, cross, traverse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (‫ ﺟﺴـﺎرة‬jasāra, ‫ ﺟﺴـﻮر‬jusūr)
to venture, risk (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), have the courage (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.) II to build a
dam or dike; to embolden, encourage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.) VI to dare,

venture, risk (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), have the audacity (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.); to be sold,
forward, insolent, impudent (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.) VIII to span, cross, traverse (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﺟﺴـﺮ‬jisr pl. ‫ اﺟﺴـﺮ‬ajsur, ‫ ﺟﺴـﻮر‬jusūr bridge; dam, dike, embankment,
levee; -- (pl. ‫ﺟﺴــﻮرة‬ ‫ﺟﺴــﺮ ﻣﺘﺤــﺮك‬
jusūra) beam, girder; axle, axletree|
(muḥarrik) movable bridge; ‫( ﺟﺴـﺮ ﻣﻌﻠـﻖ‬mu‘allaq) suspension bridge; ‫ﺟﺴـﺮ‬
‫ ﻋﺎﺋﻢ‬pontoon bridge, floating bridge
‫ ﺟﺴﻮر‬jasār sold, daring; forward, insolent, impudent
‫ ﺟﺴﺎرة‬jasāra boldness, recklessness, intrepidity; forwardness, insolence
225
‫ ﲡﺎﺳﺮ‬tajāsur boldness, recklessness, intrepidity; forwardness, insolence

‫ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﺳﺮ‬mutajāsir bold, daring; forward, insolent, impudent
‫ ﺟﺴﻄﻦ‬see ‫ﺟﺼﻄﻦ‬
‫ ﺟﺴـﻢ‬jasuma u (‫ ﺟﺴـﺎﻣﺔ‬jasāma) to be great. Big, large. bulky. huge.
immense II to make corporeal. invest with a body (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
shape or form; to materialize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cause to stand out. bring out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to enlarge, magnify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; e.g., microscope); to make big, bulky,
huge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to play up, exaggerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to become corporeal,
become embodied; to materialize; to assume a form, take shape, become
tangible or concrete; to be materialized; to become big, large, huge, increase
in volume, grow in size
‫ ﺟﺴـﻢ‬pl. ‫ اﺟﺴـﺎم‬ajsām, ‫ ﺟﺴـﻮم‬jusūm body (also O of an automobile);
substance, matter; mass; form, shape
‫ ﺟﺴﻤﻰ‬iiaa1 bodily, physical; substantial, material
‫ ﺟﺴـﻴﻢ‬jasīm pl. ‫ ﺟﺴـﺎم‬great, big, large; voluminous, bulky, huge; vast,
Confidential
immense; stout, corpulent; weighty, most significant, momentous,
prodigious
‫ ﺟﺴﻴﻢ‬jusaim pl. -āt particle (phys.); corpuscle (biol.)
‫ اﺟﺴﻢ‬ajsam2 more voluminous, larger; stouter, more corpulent
‫ ﺟﺴﻢ‬jasāma size, volume; stoutness, corpulence
‫ ﺟﺴﻤﺎن‬jusmān body, mass
‫ ﺟﺴــﻤﺎﱏ‬jusmānī bodily, physical. Corporal|‫ اﻟﺘﺄدﻳــﺐ اﳉﺴــﻤﺎﱏ‬corporal
punishment
‫ ﲡﺴـﻴﻢ‬tajsīm embodiment; relief; enlargement, magnification, magnifying
power
‫ ﺟﺴــﻢ‬mujassam bodily, corporeal; (math.) body; three-dimensional;
tangible, material, concrete; raised, relieflike, standing out in relief (e.g.,
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﻄـﺔ ﳎﺴـﻤﺔ‬relief map); relief; enlarged. Magnified| ‫( ﻓﻠـﻢ ﳎﺴـﻢ‬film) three-
dimensional (stereoscopic) film, 3-D motion picture
‫ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬jasmānīya2 Gethseman
‫ )ﺟﺴﺎ )ﺟﺴﻮ‬jasā u to become hard, solid
‫ ﺟﺶ‬jašša u (jašš) to grind, crush, bruise, grate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﺶ‬jušša hoarseness, huskiness, raucity (of the voice)
226
‫ ﺟﺸﻴﺶ‬jašīš ground, grated, crushed

‫ اﺟﺶ‬ajašš2, f. ‫ ﺟﺸﺎء‬jaššā’2 hoarse, husky, raucous (voice)
‫ ﺟﺸﺄ‬II and V to belch, burp
‫ ﺟﺸﺎء‬jušā’ and ‫ ﺟﺸﺄة‬jaš’a belch(ing), burp(ing)
‫ ﺟﺸﺎر‬jušār livestock
‫ ﺟﺸﻊ‬jaši‘a a (jaša‘) and V to be covetous, greedy
‫ ﺟﺸﻊ‬jaša‘ greed, avidity, inordinate desire
‫ ﺟﺸﻊ‬jaši‘ greedy, covetous
‫ ﺟﺸﻢ‬jašāma a (jašm, ‫ ﺟﺸﺎﻣﺔ‬jašāma) to take upon o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬some hardship) II
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) suffer or undergo (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to impose (‫ه‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ on s.o. s.th.
difficult), burden (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. with s.th.) V to take upon o.s., suffer, undergo (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th., e.g., hardships)
‫( ﺟﺸﲎ‬eg., cf. ‫ ﺷﺸﲎ‬šišnī) sample, specimen; sampling
‫ ﺟﺺ‬II to plaster, whitewash (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﺟﺺ‬jiṣṣ gypsum; plaster of Paris
‫ ﺟﺼﻄﻦ‬II tajaṣṯana to lounge, stretch lazily, loll
‫ ﺟﻌﺔ‬ji‘a beer
‫ ﺟﻌﺐ‬II to corrugate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﻌﺒـﺔ‬ja‘ba pl. ‫ ﺟﻌـﺎب‬ji‘āb quiver; tube, pipe; gun barrel; o cartridge pouch
(Syr.)| ‫اﺧﺒﺎر‬ ‫ ﺟﻌﺒﺔ‬j. aḳbār town gossip (person)
‫ ﺟﻌﺠـﻊ‬ja‘ja‘a (‫ ﺟﻌﺠـﻊ‬ja‘ja‘a) to clamor, roar, shout; to clatter, clap; to
bluster, explode in anger
‫ ﺟﻌﺠﻌـﺔ‬ja‘ja‘a hubbub, rumpus, clamor, roar; creak, clapping noise (of a
mill wheel); bluster
‫ ﺟﻌﺠﺎع‬ja‘jā‘ clamorous, boisterous, noisy; bawler, loud-mouthed person
‫ ﺟﻌـﺪ‬ja‘uda a (‫ ﺟﻌـﻮدة‬ju‘ūda, ‫ ﺟﻌـﺎدة‬ja‘āda) and V to become curly, frizzed,
kinky, curl (hair); to be wavy; to be creased; to be wrinkled II to curl, frizz
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; the hair); to wave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; the hair); to crease, pleat, plait (‫ ﻫ ـ‬cloth);
to wrinkle (‫ ﻫـ‬the skin)
‫ ﺟﻌـﺪ‬ja‘d (or ‫ ﺟﻌـﺪ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬j. al-yad, ‫ ﺟﻌـﺪ اﻟﻜـﻒ‬j. al-kaff) stingy, niggardly,
tightfisted
227
‫ ﺟﻌﺪة‬ja‘da curl, lock, ringlet

‫ ﺟﻌﺪى‬ja‘dī and ‫ اﺟﻌﺪ‬aj‘ad2 curly
‫ ﺟﻌﻴﺪى‬gə‘īdī (eg.) bum, loafer, good-for-nothing
‫ ﲡﺎﻋﻴﺪ‬tajā‘īd2 wrinkles, lines (of the face)
‫ ﲡﻌﺪات‬taja‘‘udāt wrinkles
‫ ﳎﻌﺪ‬muja‘‘ad curled, frizzed; wavy; furrowed, creased; wrinkled
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﻌﺪ‬mutaja‘‘id curled, frizzed; wavy; furrowed, creased; wrinkled
‫ ﺟﻌﺪﻧﺔ‬ja‘dana idle talk, gossip (leb.)
‫ ﺟﻌﺮ‬ja‘ara a (ja‘r) to drop its manure (animal)
‫ اﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﺮان‬abū ji‘rān2 scarabaeus; dung beetle
‫ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬ja‘far little river, creek
‫ ﺟﻌﻞ‬ja‘ala a (ja‘l) to make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to put, place, lay (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to create (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to effect, bring about (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫـ ﻫـ‬s.th. a rule, a principle, or
the like, ‫هه‬ s.o., e.g., leader, king, etc.), appoint (‫ه‬ ‫ه‬ s.o. to an office,
Confidential
rank, or the like); to fix, set (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ﻫ ـ‬a sum, a price, at); to think, deem, believe
(‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. to be …, ‫ ﻫـ ﻫـ‬s.th. to be ...), take (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. for, ‫ﻫـ ﻫـ‬
s.th. for); to represent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﰱ ﺻـﻮرة‬as, or in the form of, s.th. else); to
appoint, settle (‫ ل ﻫـ‬s.th. for s.o., in s.o.’s favor); to give, grant, concede (‫ل ﻫـ‬
s.th., an advantage, to s.o.), put s.o. (‫ )ل‬in the way of s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to attribute ( ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ل‬to s.o. s.th.), maintain that s.th. (‫ )ﻫـ‬belong. to s.o. (‫ ;)ل‬to entrust (‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.th.
to s.o.); to put, get (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., into a specific state or condition); (with
foll. imperf.) to begin to, set out to|‫ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ ﺟﻌﻠـﻪ‬to induce s.o. to do; to make
s.o. do s.th. (in a narrative); ‫( ﺟﻌﻠـﻪ ﲟﻨﻨﺰﻟـﺔ‬bi-manzilati) to place s.o. on equal
footing with; ‫( ﺟﻌﻠـﻪ ﰱ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎول ﻳـﺪﻩ‬fī mutanāwali yadihī) to bring or put s.th.
within s.o.’s reach III to seek to bribe, try to win (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with s.th.)
‫ ﺟﻌﻞ‬ju‘l pl. ‫ اﺟﻌﺎل‬aj‘āl pay, wages; piece wages; reward, prize

‫ ﺟﻌﻠﻰ‬ju‘līi: ‫( اﺗﻔﺎق ﺟﻌﻠﻰ‬ittifāq) piece-work contract
‫ ﺟﻌﻞ‬ju‘al pl. ‫ ﺟﻌﻼن‬ji‘lān dung beetle; scarabaeus
228
‫ ﺟﻌﺎﻟـﺔ‬ji‘āla, ja‘āla, ju‘āla pl. ‫ ﺟﻌﺎﺋـﻞ‬ja‘āil2 pay, wages; allowance; reward,

prize: bribe
‫ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴـﺎ‬jugrāfiyā and ‫ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴـﺔ‬jugrāfīya geography|‫( ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴـﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ‬ṯabī‘īya)
physical geography
‫ ﺟﻐﺮاﰲ‬jugrāfī geographical; geographer
‫ ﺟـﻒ‬jaffa (1st pers. perf. jafaftu) i (‫ ﺟﻔـﺎف‬jafāf, ‫ ﺟﻔـﻮف‬jufūf) to dry,
become dry; to dry out II to dry, make dry (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﻔﺎف‬jafāf dryness; desiccation; drying up; dullness
‫ﲡﻔﺎف‬tajfāf pl. ‫ ﲡﺎﻓﻴﻒ‬tajāfīf2 protective armor
‫ ﲡﻔﻴﻒ‬tajfīf drying; desiccation; dehydration; drainage
‫ ﺟﺎف‬jāff dry| ‫( ﻗﻠﻢ ﺣﱪ ﺟﺎف‬qalam ḥibr) ball-point pen
‫ ﳎﻔﻒ‬mujaffaf dried, desiccated, dehydrated; ‫ ﳎﻔﻔﺎت‬dehydrated foods
‫ ﺟﻔـﺎء‬jufā’ useless, vain, futile| ‫ ذﻫـﺐ ﺟﻔـﺎء‬dahaba jufā’an to be in vain, be
of no avail, pass uselessly
‫ ﺟﻔـﺖ‬jift, ‫ ﭽﻓـﺖ‬čift (pronounced šift; eg.) pincers, tweezers; metal clamp|
Confidential
‫ ﺟﻔﺖ ﺷﺮ ن‬j. šaryān arterial clamps
‫( ﭽﻓﺘﺸﻰ‬pronounced šiftišī; eg.) filigree
‫ ﺟﻔﺘﻠﻚ‬jiftlik farm, country estate; government land (Pal.)
‫ ﺟﻔﺮ‬jafr, ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﳉﻔﺮ‬ilm al-j. divination, fortunetelling
‫ ﺟﻔﺮة‬jufra pl. ‫ ﺟﻔﺮ‬jufar pit, hole
‫ ﺟﻔـﻞ‬jafala i u (jafl, ‫ ﺟﻔـﻮل‬jufūl) and IV to start, jump with fright; to shy
(horse) II to start, rouse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., .s.o.); to scare away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺟﻔﻞ‬jafl and ‫ ﺟﻔﻮل‬jufūl fright, alarm; shying
‫( ﭽﻓﻠﻚ‬pronounced šiflik; eg.) = ‫ﺟﻔﺘﻠﻚ‬
‫ ﺟﻔﻦ‬pl. ‫ ﺟﻔﻮن‬jufūn, ‫ اﺟﻔﺎن‬ajfān eyelid
‫ ﺟﻔﻨﺔ‬jafna pl. ‫ ﺟﻔﺎن‬jifān, ‫ ﺟﻔﻨﺎت‬jafanāt bowl; grapsvine
(‫ﺟﻔـﺎ‬ (‫ ﺟﻔـﻮ‬jafā u (jafw, ‫ ﺟﻔـﺎء‬jafā’) to be rough, coarse; to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.)
roughly, harshly; to turn away (. from), shun, avoid, flee (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to treat
(‫ ه‬s.o.) roughly, rudely, harshly; to be cruel (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to be cross (‫ ه‬with
229
s.o.); to elude, flee (‫ ه‬s.o.; slumber); to offend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬against good taste, one’s
sense of honor, or the like) VI to withdraw (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), shun, avoid (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to loathe (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), have an aversion (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to); to display rude manners,
act the ruffian
‫ ﺟﻔﻮ‬jafw roughness, harshness
‫ ﺟﻔﻮة‬jafwa roughness; estrangement, alienation; disagreement, dissension,
quarrel
‫ ﺟﻔـﺎء‬jafā’ roughness; harshness; sternness; antipathy, aversion, distaste,
loathing; estrangement, alienation
‫ اﺟﻔﻰ‬ajfā refraining even more (‫ ل‬from), more averse (‫ ل‬to s.th.)
‫ ﺟﺎف‬jāfin pl. ‫ ﺟﻔﺎة‬jufāh harsh, rough, coarse; brutish, uncouth, rude
‫ ﺟﺎﻛﺘﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺟﻜﺮ‬III (syr.) to tease (‫ ه‬s.o.)
1‫ ﺟـﻞ‬jalla i (‫ ﺟـﻼل‬jalāl) to be great, lofty, exalted, illustrious, sublime; to
be too great (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for), be beyond s.th. (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, be far above s.th. (

‫ﻋـﻦ(| ﺟـﻞ ﻋـﻦ‬
Confidential
‫‘(اﳊﺼـﺮ‬an il-ḥaṣr) to be innumerable II to honor, dignify, exalt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
cover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. the ground, as snow, plants, etc.); to envelop, wrap,
drape, clothe; to border, edge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with) IV to honor, dignify, revere,
venerate, esteem highly, exalt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deem too high, too exalted (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for
s.th.), consider far beyond s.th. (‫ )ﻋﻦ‬VI to deem o.s. far above s.th. (‫ )ﻋﻦ‬X to
be great, exalted, sublime
‫ ﺟﻞ‬great, outstanding; bulky
‫ ﺟﻞ‬jull major portion, bulk, majority, main part|‫ ﺟﻠﻪ‬julluhū most of it; ‫ﺟﻞ‬
‫ اﻻﻣﺔ‬j. al-umma the majority of the people; ‫ ﺟﻞ ﻣـﺎ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬its main contents; ‫وﺟـﻞ‬
‫( ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎل اﻧﻪ‬jullu) that much, at least, can be said that ...
‫ ﺟﻠﻞ‬jalal important, significant, momentous, weighty
‫ ﺟﻠــﻰ‬jullā pl. ‫ ﺟﻠــﻞ‬julal matter of great importance, momentous
undertaking, great feat, exploit
‫ ﺟﻠـﺔ‬julla, jilla droppings, dung (of animals); julla pl. ‫ ﺟﻠـﻞ‬julal (cannon)
ban; bomb
230
‫ ﺟﻠـﺔ‬julla attire, clothing| ‫( )اﳉﻠـﺔ اﳉﱪوﺗﻴـﺔ )اﻟﻜﻬﻨﻮﺗﻴـﺔ‬ḥabrawīya, kahnūtīya)

Episcopal (sacerdotal) vestments (Chr.)
‫ ﺟﻠﻴـﻞ‬jalīl pl. ‫ اﺟـﻼء‬ajillā’2, ‫ اﺟﻠـﺔ‬ajilla, ‫ ﺟﻼﺋـﻞ‬jalā’il2 great, important,
significant, weighty, momentous; lofty, exalted, sublime; revered,
honorable, venerable; glorious, splendid
‫ ﺟﻼل‬jalāl loftiness, sublimity, augustness; splendor, glory
‫ ﺟﻼﻟـﺔ‬jalāla loftiness, sublimity, augustness; majeoty| (‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ )ﺻــﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬
‫ اﳉﻼﻟﺔ‬His (Her) Majesty, ‫ ﺟﻼﻟﺔ اﳌﻠﻚ‬j. al-malik His Majesty, the King
‫ اﺟﻞ‬ajall2 greater; more sublime; more splendid
‫ ﳎﻠـﺔ‬majalla pl. -āt periodical; review, magazine| ‫( ﳎﻠـﺔ اﺳـﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬usbū‘īya)
weekly magazine; ‫ﳎﻠــﺔ ﺷـﻬﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﳎﻠــﺔ ﺧﺎﺻــﺔ ب‬
(šahrīya) monthly publication;
(ḳāṣṣa) professional journal for a. ; ‫ ﳎﻠﺔ اﻻﺣﻜﺎم‬lawbook, code; ‫ ﳎﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﲔ‬do.
‫ ﲡﻠـﺔ‬tajilla and ‫ اﺟـﻼل‬ijlāl honor, distinction; esteem, deference, respect;
reverence
2 ‫ ﺟﻞ‬jull rose
Confidential
‫ ﺟﻼب‬julāb, jullāb rose water; julep
‫( ﺟﻼﺗﲔ‬Fr. gélatine) želātīn jelly
‫( ﺟﻼﺳﻴﺔ‬Fr. glacé) glasēh (eg.) kid leather
1‫ ﺟﻠـﺐ‬jalaba i u (jalb) to attract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fetch, get, bring (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬to
s.o.); to import (‫ ﻫ ـ‬goods); to bring about (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a state, condition); to bring (‫ﻫ ـ‬
harm, shame, etc., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.); to gain, win, obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to earn (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); (‫ ﺟﻠـﻮب‬julūb) to scar over, heal (wound) II to shout, clamor; to be
noisy, boisterous IV to earn, gain, acquire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); = II; VII pass. of I VIII
to procure, bring, fetch, get (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to draw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to import (‫ﻫ ـ‬
goods) X to import (‫ ﻫ ـ‬goods); to fetch, summon, call in (‫ ه‬s.o.); to attract,
draw (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to seek to attract or win (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to get,
procure (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﻠــﺐ‬jalb bringing, fetching; procurement; acquisition; importation,
import; causation, bringing on, bringing about
‫ ﺟﻠﺐ‬jalab imported; foreign
231
‫ ﺟﻠﺐ‬jalab and ‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺔ‬jalaba clamor; uproar, tumult, turmoil

‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺔ‬julba scar
‫ ﺟﻠﻴﺐ‬jalīb imported, foreign; (pl. ‫ ﺟﻠﱮ‬jalbā, ‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺎء‬julabā’2) foreign slave
‫ ﺟ ــﻼب‬jallāb attractive, captivating; importer, trader; see also
alphabetically| ‫اﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ‬ ‫ ﺟﻼب‬slave trader
‫ ﺟﻼﺑﻴـﺔ‬gallābīya (eg.) pl. -at, ‫ﺟﻼﻟﻴـﺐ‬ galālīb2 galabia, a loose, shirtlike
garment, the common dreao of the male population in Egypt
‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺎب‬below under ‫ﺟﻠﺒﺐ‬
‫ ﺟﻠﺐ‬ajlab2 more attractive, more captivating
‫ ﳎﻠﺒـﺔ‬majlaba pl. ‫ ﳎﺎﻟـﺐ‬majālib2 causative factor, motive, reason, cause,
occasion
‫ اﺳـﺘﺠﻼب‬istijlāb procurement, acquisition; importation, import; supply;
attraction| ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺤﲔ‬ ‫ اﺳﺘﺠﻼب‬promotion of tourist traffic
‫ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ‬jālib causative factor, motive, reason, cause, occasion
2 ‫ ﺟﻼب‬julāb, jullāb rose water; julep
Confidential
3 ‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺎ‬jalabā jalap (bot.)
‫ ﺟﻠﺒـﺐ‬II tajalbaba to clothe o.s. (‫ ب‬with), be clothed, be clad (‫ ب‬in a

garment, also fig.)
‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺎب‬jilbāb pl. ‫ ﺟﻼﺑﻴﺐ‬jalābīb2 garment, dress, gown; woman's dress
‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺎن‬julubbān chickling vetch, grass pea (Lathyrus sativua)
1 ‫ ﺟﻠﺠـﻞ‬jaljala to reverberate; to resound, ring out; to rattle; to shake (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﺟﻠﺠﻞ‬juljul pl. ‫ ﺟﻼﺟﻞ‬jalājil2 (little) bell, sleigh bell; cowbell; jingle
‫ ﺟﻠﺠﻠﺔ‬jaljala sound of a bell; loud, shrill sound
‫ ﳎﻠﺠﻞ‬mujaljil shrill, piercing; ringing, resounding, reverberant
2 ‫ ﺟﻠﺠﻠﺔ‬juljula, ‫اﳉﻠﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ ﺟﺒﻞ‬jabal al-j. Golgotha
3 ‫ﺟﻠﺠﻼن‬juljulān, jiljilān sesame
‫ ﺟﻠﺢ‬jaliḥa a (jalaḥ) to be or become bald
‫ اﺟﻠﺢ‬ajlaḥ2, f. ‫ ﺟﻠﺤﺎء‬jalḥā’2, pl. ‫ ﺟﻠﺢ‬julḥ bald-headed, bald
232
‫ ﺟﻠﺦ‬jalaḳa a and II to sharpen (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to whet, hone (‫ ﻫـ‬a knife), strop (‫ﻫـ‬
a razor); to stretch, extend, roll out (‫ ﻫـ‬metal)
‫ ﺟﻠﺦ‬jalḳ grindstone, whetetone, hone
‫ ﺟﻠـﺪ‬jalada i (jald) to whip, flog, lash (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- jalida a to be frozen,
freeze; -- jaluda u to be tough, hardy, undismayed, steadfast, patient II to
bind (‫ ﻫـ‬a book); (to cause) to freeze (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to fight (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to freeze;
to be frozen, be covered with ice V to take heart; to show o.s. tough, hardy,
robust; to resign o.s. to patience; to bear, suffer VI to engage in a sword
fight
‫ ﺟﻠﺪ‬jald flogging; -- (pl. ‫ اﺟﻼد‬ajlād) staunch, steadfast; strong, sturdy
‫ ﺟﻠــﺪ‬jild pl. ‫ ﺟﻠــﻮد‬julūd, ‫ اﺟــﻼد‬ajlād skin, hide; leather| ‫ﺟﻠــﺪ ﺳــﺨﺘﻴﺎن‬
(suḳtiyān) morocco; ‫ﳌﺎع‬ ‫( ﺟﻠﺪ‬lammā‘) patent leather
‫ ﺟﻠـﺪة‬jilda skin, hide; piece of leather; race| ‫ اﺑـﻦ ﺟﻠـﺪﺗﻨﺎ‬ibn jildatinā our
countryman, our fellow tribesman, pl. ‫ﺟﻠﺪﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑﻨﻮ‬banū j.
‫ ﺟﻠﺪى‬jildī dermal, cutaneous, skin (adj.)| ‫ اﻣﺮاض ﺟﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬skin diseases
Confidential
‫ ﺟﻠﻴﺪة‬julaida pl. -āt membrane, pellicle; O film (phot.)
‫ ﺟﻠﺪ‬jalad enduranos; suffering; patience; firmament
‫ ﺟﻠﺪة‬jalda lash, stroke with a whip
‫ ﺟﻠﻴﺪ‬jalīd pl. ‫ ﺟﻠﺪاء‬juladā’2 staunch, steadfast; strong, sturdy
‫ ﺟﻠﻴﺪ‬jalīd ice| ‫ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺟﻠﻴﺪ‬jabal j. iceberg; ‫( ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳉﻠﻴﺪ‬qiṯ‘a) ice floe
‫ ﺟﻠﻴـﺪى‬jalīdī icy, ice-covered, glacial, ice (adj.); snow-covered| ‫اﻟﻌﺼـﺮ‬
‫‘( اﳉﻠﻴﺪى‬aṣr) the Ice Age
‫ ﺟﻠﻮد‬jalūd long-suffering, patient
‫ ﺟﻼد‬jallād pl. -ūn leather merchant; executioner, hangman
‫ ﺟﻼدة‬jalāda and ‫ ﺟﻠﻮدة‬julūda endurance, patience
‫ ﳎﻠﺪة‬mijlada whip, lash, scourge
‫ ﲡﻠﻴﺪ‬tajlīd freezing; bookbinding
‫ ﺟﻼد‬jilād fight, battle (against)
‫ ﲡﻠﺪ‬tajallud endurance, patience
‫ ﳎﻠﺪ‬mujallid: ‫ ﳎﻠﺪ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬m. al-kutub bookbinder
233
‫ ﳎﻠـﺪ‬mujallad frozen, icy, ice-covered; bound (book); (pl. -āt) volume

(book)
‫ ﳎﺎﻟﺪ‬mujālid pl. -ūn gladiator
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﻠﺪ‬mutajallid patient
‫ ﺟﻠﻤﺰ‬jillauz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬hazelnut; hazel
‫ ﺟﻠـﺲ‬jalasa i (‫ ﺟﻠـﻮس‬julūs) to sit down (‫ اﱃ‬with s.o., at a tabl., etc., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on
a chair); to sit (‫ اﱃ‬with s.o., at a table, ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ on a chair)| ‫ﺟﻠـﺲ اﱃ اﻟﺮﺳـﺎم‬
(rassām) to sit for a painter III to sit (‫ ه‬with s.o., next to s.o., in s.o.’s
company); to keep s.o. (‫ )ه‬company IV to ask to sit down, make sit down,
eeat (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺟﻠﺴـﺔ‬jalsa pl. -āt seat (in an auditorium); session (of parliament, of a
committee, of a court, etc.); party, gathering, meeting|‫ﺟﻠﺴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻘـﺪ‬ ‘aqada
jasatan to convene a session; ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫‘( ﺟﻠﺴﺔ‬āmma) plenary session
‫ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ‬jilsa manner of sitting
Confidential
‫ ﺟﻠــﻴﺲ‬pl. ‫ ﺟﻠﺴــﺎء‬julasā’2 participant in a social gathering; table
companion: one with whom one sits together; ‫ ﺟﻠﻴﺴـﻪ‬the man who was at the
party with him
‫ ﺟﻠﻴﺴﺔ‬jalīsa lady companion; fem. of ‫ﺟﻠﻴﺲ‬
‫ ﺟﻠـﻮس‬julūs sitting: sitting down; accession to the throne; pl. of ‫ﺟـﺎﻟﺲ‬
sitting
‫ ﳎﻠﺲ‬majlis pl. ‫ ﳎﺎﻟﺲ‬majālis2 seat; session room, conference room; party,
gathering, meeting; social gathering: session, sitting; council meeting;
council; concilium; collegium, college: board, committee, commission;
administrative board; court, tribunal|‫ﳎﻠﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ in s.o.’s presence, in s.o.’s
company; ‫ ﳎﻠــﺲ اﻟﺘﺄدﻳــﺐ‬and ‫ ﳎﻠــﺲ دﻳــﱮ‬disciplinary board; ‫ﳎﻠــﺲ ﺳﻴﺴــﻰ‬
constituent assembly; ‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ آﻓـﺎﻗﻰ‬regional court (tribunal régional; Tun.);
‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻷﻣـﺔ‬m. al-umma parliament (Ir.); ‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻷﻣـﻦ‬m. al-amn the Security
Council; ‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳـﺔ‬m. al-baladīya and ‫( ﳎﻠـﺲ ﺑﻠـﺪى‬baladī) local council,
municipal council; ‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ اﳊـﺮب‬m. al-ḥarb war council; ‫( ﳎﻠـﺲ ﺣﺴـﱮ‬ḥasbī)
probate court (for Muslim; Eg.); ‫( ﳎﻠـﺲ ﳐـﺘﻠﻂ‬muḳtaliṯ) mixed court (eg.);
234
‫ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻟـﺪﻓﺎع‬ defense council; ‫ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻻدارة‬ m. al-idāra administrative board,

committee of management, directorate; board of directors (of a corporation
or bank); ‫ ﳎﻠــﺲ اﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳ ـﺔ‬m. al-mudīrīya provincial council, provincial
parliament (Eg.); ‫ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬ m. ad-daula Supreme Administrative Court
(Eg.); ‫روﺣﻰ‬ ‫( ﳎﻠﺲ‬rūḥī) religious court, clerical court (of the Coptic Church);
‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ ﺷـﻮرى اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬m. šūrā d-daula council of state; ‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻟﺸـﻴﻮخ‬council of
elders: Senate (Eg.); ‫‘( ﳎﻠـﺲ ﻋـﺪﱃ‬adlī) court, tribunal (Syr.); (‫ ﻋﺴـﻜﺮى‬or)
‫‘( ﳎﻠـﺲ ﻋـﺮﰱ‬urfī, ‘askarī) court-martial; ‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ ﻋﺼـﺒﺔ اﻷﻣـﻢ‬m. ‘uṣbat al-umam
Council of the League of Nations; ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮم‬ ‫ ﳎﻠﺲ‬the House of Commons; ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‬
‫ اﻷﻋﻴـﺎن‬m. al-a‘yān senate (Ir., Jord.); ‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻻﻗـﱰاع‬draft board, recruiting
commission (mil.); ‫( ﳎﻠﺲ ﻗـﺮوى‬qarawī) local council; ‫( ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدى‬iqtiṣādī)
economic council: ‫( ﳎﻠـﺲ ﻗـﻮﻣﻰ‬qaumī) national assembly; ‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ ﻗﻴـﺎدة اﻟﺜـﻮرة‬m.

qiyādat at-taura Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal (Eg.): ‫ ا ﻠـﺲ اﻟﻜﺒــﲑ‬and
‫( ا ﻠـﺲ اﻻﻛـﱪ‬akbar) the Grand Council (= le Grand Conseil; Tun.); ‫ﳎﻠـﺲ‬
Confidential
‫ اﻟﻠﻮردﻳﻦ‬the House of Lords: ‫ ﳎﻠﺲ اﻟﻨﻮاب‬m. an-nuwwāb lower house, chamber
of deputies; ‫ﳎﻠـﺲ ﻧﻴـﺎﰉ‬ (niyābī) parliament;
provincial council (= conseil de région;
‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ اﳉﻬـﺔ‬m. al-jiha approx.:
Tun.); ‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻟـﻮزراء‬m. al-wuzarā’
cabinet, council of ministers
‫ ﳎﺎﻟﺴﺔ‬mujālasa social intercourse
‫ ﺟـﺎﻟﺲ‬jālis pl. ‫ ﺟﻠـﻮس‬julūs, ‫ ﺟـﻼس‬jullās sitting; pl. ‫ ﺟـﻼس‬participants in a
social gathering
‫ ﺟﻠـﻂ‬jalaṯa i (jalṯ) to chafe, gall, abrade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the skin); to shave (‫ اﻟـﺮأس‬ar-
ra’sa the head
‫ ﺟﻠﻄﺔ‬julṯa lump, clot| ‫( ﺟﻠﻄﺔ دﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬damawīya) blood clot, thrombus
‫ ﺟﻠﻒ‬jilf pl. ‫ اﺟﻼف‬ajlāf boorish, rude, uncivil
‫ ﺟﻠﻔﻂ‬jalfaṯa (‫ ﺟﻠﻔﻄﺔ‬jalfaṯa) to calk (‫ ﻫـ‬a ship)
‫ ﺟﻠﻔﻦ‬galfana (eg.) to galvanize
‫ ﺟﻠﻔﻨﺔ‬galfana galvanization
‫ ﳎﻠﻔﻦ‬mugalfan galvanized
‫ ﺟﻼﻗﺔ‬jalāqa: ‫( ﺟﻼﻗﺔ ﻗﺮوﻳﺔ‬qarawīya) yokel, bumpkin
235
‫ ﺟﻠﻢ‬jalama i (jalm) to clip, shear off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﺟﻠﻢ‬jalam pl. ‫ اﺟﻼم‬ajlām shears
‫ اﺑﻮ ﺟﻠﻤﺒﻮ‬abū galambū (eg.) a variety of crab
‫ ﺟﻠﻤﺪ‬II tajalmada to be petrified
‫ ﺟﻠﻤـﺪ‬jalmad pl. ‫ ﺟﻼﻣـﺪ‬jalāmid2 and ‫ ﺟﻠﻤـﻮد‬julmūd pl. ‫ ﺟﻼﻣﻴـﺪ‬jalāmīd2
rook, bolder
‫ ﺟﻠﻨﺎر‬jullanār pomegranate blossom
(‫ ﺟﻠـﻮ‬and ‫ﺟـﻼ‬ (‫ ﺟﻠـﻰ‬jalā u to clean, polish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to clear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the view);
to make clear, make plain, clarity, clear up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), throw light on (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, to
reveal, unveil, disclose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), to dislodge, oust, remove (‫ ﻋﻦ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or
s.th. from), to shine, be brilliant, distinguish o.s. (‫ ﰱ‬in s.th.); to be or
become clear, evident, manifest; to pull out, move out (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of a place), go
away, depart (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from a place), leave, quit, evacuate (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬a place); -- ‫ﺟﻠـﻰ‬
jalā i to polish, burnish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to reveal, disclose, bring to light (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
s.th.); to show, represent (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), IV to remove, dislodge, oust, drive
away (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to evacuate (‫ ه‬s.o. from); to move away, go away
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from a place), leave (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬a place) V to become clear, evident, manifest;
to reveal itself, be revealed, to appear, show, come to light, come out,
manifest itself, to be manifested, be expressed, find expression VII to be
clean or cleaned, be polished, be burnished, to be removed, be dislodged, be
ousted; to move away (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from a place), vacate, evacuate (‫ ﻋﻦ‬a place), to be
dispelled, vanish, go away, pass (crisis, difficulty, etc.), to disappear, to
reveal itself, be revealed, be disclosed; to be unveiled (bride), to become
manifest, manifest itself; to become clear or plain; to clear up and reveal (‫ﻋﻦ‬
s.th.), to lead, come (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to), end (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬in), to result (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬in)|‫اﻷﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻨﺠﻠـﻰ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬
the outcome of the matter, what will come of it VIII to reveal, disclose (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), to regard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look at (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬X to seek to clarify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), to clarify,
clear up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), throw light (‫ ﻫـ‬on); to uncover, unearth, bring to light, find
out, discover, detect (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ اﺑﻦ ﺟﻼ‬ibn jalā a famous, well-known man, a celebrity
236
‫ ﺟﻠـﻰ‬jalīy clear, plain, evident, patent, manifest, obvious, conspicuous;

‫ ﺟﻠﻴﺎ‬jalīyan obviously, evidently
‫ ﺟﻠﻴﺔ‬jalīya pl. ‫ ﺟﻼ‬jalāyā sure thing, plain fact|‫ ﺟﻠﻴﺔ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬jalīyat al-amr the
true state of the affair
‫ اﺟﻠﻰ‬ajlā clearer, more obvious, more distinct
‫ ﺟﻠﻮى‬jalwā unveiling (of the bride)|‫ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ اﳉﻠﻮة‬lailat al-j. wedding night
‫ ﺟــﻼء‬jalā’ clarification, elucidation; clarity, clearness, plainness,
distinctness; departure, (e)migration (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), evacuation (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of an area;
mil.); ‫ ﲜﻼء‬clearly, plainly
‫ ﺟﻠﻴﺎن‬jalayān vision, revelation, apocalypse (Chr.)
‫ ﳎﺎل‬majālin (pl. of ‫ ﳎﻠﻰ‬majlan) manifestations
‫ ﲡﻠﻴﺔ‬tajliya: ‫( ﲡﻠﻴﺔ اﻻﻫﻴﺔ‬ilāhīya) divine revelation; theophany (Chr.)
‫ ﲡــﻞ‬tajallin revelation, manifestation; Transfiguration (of Christ)| ‫ﻋﻴــﺪ‬
‫‘ اﻟﺘﺠﻠﻰ‬īd at-t. Transfiguration Day (Chr.)
Confidential
‫ اﺟﺘﻼء‬ijtilā’ contemplation
‫ اﺳﺘﺠﻼء‬istijlā’ clarification, elucidation
‫ ﺟﺎﻟﻴــﺔ‬jāliya pl. -āt, ‫ ﺟـﻮال‬jawālin colony (of foreigners); colony of
emigrants
‫ ا ﻠﻰ‬al-mujallī the winner (in a race)
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﻞ‬mutajallin obvious, evident, manifest, patent
‫ ﺟﻠﻮن‬galōn pl. -āt gallon (eg.)
‫ ﳎﻠﻮن‬mugalwan galvanized (eg.)
‫ ﺟﻠﻰ‬jullā see 1‫ﺟﻞ‬
‫ ﺟﻠﻴﻮﺗﲔ‬gilyotīn guillotine (eg.)
1‫م‬ ‫ ج‬abbreviation of ‫ ﺟﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﺮى‬Egyptian pound
2‫ ﺟﻢ‬jamma i u (jamm) to gather; to collect one’s thoughts, concentrate; to
rest II and V to grow luxuriantly (plants) X to gather; to collect one’s
thoughts, concentrate; to rest, relax, seek recreation (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ from); to be
covered with luxuriant vegetation (ground)
‫ ﺟـﻢ‬jamm abundant, plentiful; much, a great deal of; many, numerous;
manifold, multiple; crowd, group of people|‫اﻷﺛــﺮ‬ ‫ﺟــﻢ‬ j. al-atar effective,
237
efficacious; ‫ﲨﺎ‬
‫( اﺣﺒﻪ ﺣﺒﺎ‬aḥabbahū ḥubban) to be more than fond of; ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﲨﺔ‬
numerous advantages, ample benefits; ‫ ﺟﻢ ﻏﻔﲑ‬large crowd, throng
‫ ﲨﺎم‬jamām rest, relaxation, recreation, gathering of new strength
‫ ﳎـﻢ‬majamm place where s.th. gathers or flows together| ‫ﳎـﻢ ﻫـﺬا اﻟـﺮأي‬
‫( وﻣﺴﺘﺠﻤﻌﻪ‬mustajma‘uhū) what this opinion amounts to
‫ ﲡﻤﻴﻢ‬tagmīm (eg.) bobbed hairdo (of women)
‫ اﺳـﺘﺠﻤﺎﰎ‬istijmām collectedness; concentration; attentiveness, attentive
reverence; rest, relaxation, recreation
‫ ﺟﻨﺒﺎزى‬,‫ ﲨﺒﺎز‬see ‫ ﺟﻨﺒﺎزى‬,‫ﺟﻨﺒﺎز‬
‫( ﲨﱪى‬from It. gambero) gambarī, ‫ ﲨﺮى‬gammarī (eg.) shrimp (zool.)
2‫ ﲨﺠـﻢ‬jamjama (‫ ﲨﺠﻤـﺔ‬jamjama), ‫( ﲨﺠـﻢ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬kalāma) and II tajamjama
to articulate indistinctly, stammer; to express o.s. poorly, speak
incoherently; to mumble
2‫ ﲨﺠﻤﺔ‬jumjuma pl. ‫ ﲨﺎﺟﻢ‬jamājim2 skull, cranium
‫ ﲨﺠﻤﻰ‬jumjumī cranial
Confidential
‫ ﲨـﺢ‬jamaḥa a (jamḥ, ‫ ﲨـﺎح‬jimāḥ, ‫ ﲨـﻮح‬jumūḥ to holt (horse); to he
refractory, unruly, recalcitrant; to be defiant; to be capricious, whimsical; to
run out on her husband, run away from home (wife)
‫ ﲨﺎح‬jimāḥ recalcitrance, defiance; willfulness
‫ ﲨﻮح‬jumūḥ recalcitrance, defiance; willfulness
‫ ﲨﻮح‬jamūḥ headstrong, defiant, unruly, ungovernable
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﺢ‬jāmiḥ headstrong, defiant, unruly; indomitable, untamable
2 ‫ﲨـﺪ‬ jamada u, jamuda u (jamd, ‫ﲨـﻮد‬ jumūd) to freeze; to congeal,
harden, stiffen, be or become hard or solid, solidify; to coagulate, clot
(blood); to be rigid, inflexible (in one’s thinking); to stagnate; to be
apathetic, indolent, dull, indifferent| ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﲨﺪت ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬to be indifferent toward,
put up with, acquiesce in; ‫( ﲨـﺪت ﻳـﺪﻩ‬yaduhū) to be niggardly, tightfisted II
to freeze, frost, congeal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to solidify, coagulate, harden, stiffen (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to curdle (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to freeze (‫ ﻫـ‬assets V to freeze, become frozen, turn
into ice, freeze up. become icebound; to freeze to death; to congeal; to
solidify; to harden, set (e.g., cement); to coagulate, clot (blood) VII to freeze
up, become icebound; to freeze, become frozen, turn to ice
238
‫ ﲨــﺪ‬jamd freezing; congelation, solidification, coagulation|‫درﺟــﺔ اﳉﻤــﺪ‬

darajat al-j. freezing point
‫ ﲨﺪ‬jamad ice
‫ ﲨـﺎد‬jamād pl. -āt a solid; inorganic body; mineral; inanimate body,
inanimate being; O neuter (gram.)
‫ ﲨﻮد‬jumūd frozen state; solid, compact state, compactness, solidity; rigor,
rigidity, stiffness; inorganic state; hardening, induration; hardness,
inflexibility; deadlock, standstill; inertia, inaction, inactivity; lethargy,
apathy, passivity, indifference
‫ ﲨﻮدة‬jumūda solidity, hardness
‫ ﲡﻤﻴـﺪ‬tajmīd solidification, hardening; consolidation; reinforcement (of a
foundation)|‫اﻻﻣﻮال‬ ‫ ﲡﻤﻴﺪ‬t. al-amwāl freezing of assets
‫ ﲡﻤﺪ‬tajammud freezing; frost; congelation; solidification; coagulation
‫ اﳒﻤﺎد‬injimād freezing up or over, icing up; ice formation
‫ ﺟﺎﻣـﺪ‬jāmid hard, solid; stiff; rigid; motionless; inanimate, inorganic;
(gram.) defective; dry. dull (book, and the like); impervious to progress to
innovation, ossified, ultraconservative; pl. ‫ ﺟﻮاﻣﺪ‬jawāmid2 inanimate things,
Confidential
inorganic matter, minerals
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﻤﺪ‬mutajammid frozen, icy; stiff, congealed; coagulated
‫ ﻣﻨﺠﻤـﺪ‬munjamid frozen, icy, ice (adj.); arctic|‫( اﶈـﻴﻂ اﳌﻨﺠﻤـﺪ‬muḥīṯ) the
Arctic Ocean
2‫ﲨـﺎدى‬jumādā name of the fifth and sixth months of the Muslim year
(‫ ﲨﺎدى اﻻوﱃ‬j. al-ūlā Jumada I and ‫ ﲨﺎدى اﻵﺧﺮة‬j. al-āḳira Jumada II)
‫ ﲨﺮ‬II to roast (‫ ﻫـ‬meat) VIII to bum incense

‫ ﲨـﺮ‬jamr embers, live coal| ‫( ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ اﺣـﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﲨـﺮ‬aḥarra) to be on tenter-
hooks; to be in greatest suspense, be dying with curiosity
‫ ﲨﺮة‬jamra (n. un. of ‫ )ﲨﺮ‬live coal; firebrand, smoldering embers; rankling
resentment; (pl. -āt) carbuncle (med.)|O ‫اﳋﺒﻴﺜﺔ‬ ‫ اﳉﻤﺮة‬anthrax
‫ ﲨـﺎر‬jummār palm pith, palm core (edible tuber growing at the upper end
of the palm trunk)
‫ ﳎﻤﺮة‬mijmara pl. ‫ ﳎﺎﻣﺮ‬majāmir2 brazier; censer
2‫ ﲨﺮى‬see ‫ﲨﱪى‬
239
‫( ﲨـﺮك‬eg.) gumruk pl. ‫ ﲨـﺮك‬gamārik2 customs; customhouse|‫رﺳـﻢ اﳉﻤـﺮك‬

rasm al-g. customs duty, tariff
‫ ﲨﺮﻛـﻰ‬gumrukī customs, tariff (used attributively)| ‫( اﲢـﺎد ﲨﺮﻛـﻰ‬ittih d)ā
customs union
‫ ﳎﻤﺮك‬mugamrak duty paid
‫ ﲨﻴﺰ‬jummaiz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sycamore (Ficus sycomorus; bot.)
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻮس‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﲨﺶ‬jamaša i u (jamš) to unhair (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II to make love, caress, pet
‫ ﲨﻊ‬jama‘a a (jam‘) to gather (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to collect (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., money); to unite,
combine, bring together (parts into a whole); to put together. join (‫ ﻫـ‬things);
to set, compose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬type; typ.); to compile (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a book); to summarize. sum up
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to rally, round up (‫ ﻫـﻢ‬people); to pile up, amass accumulate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to assemble (‫ ﻫـﻢ‬several persons); to convoke, convene, call (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a

meeting); to add (‫ ﻫ ـ‬numbers), add up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a column); (gram.) to make plural,
Confidential
pluralize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a word); to unite, link, bring together (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬several things or
persons); to combine (‫و‬ – ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬e.g., both strength and courage); to contain,
hold, comprise (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)|‫اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ ‫( ﲨـﻊ اﻃـﺮاف‬aṯrāfa) to summarize, sum up s.th.;
to give a survey of s.th.; ‫( ﲨـﻊ اﻟﱪاﻋـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻃﺮاﻓﻬـﺎ‬barā‘ata) to be very efficient,
do an excellent job, do superlatively good work; ‫( ﲨـﻊ ﴰـﻞ اﻟﻘﻄﻴـﻊ‬šamla l-q.)
to round up the herd; ‫ﺎ‬ ‫( ﳚﻤﻊ اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب ﺑـﲔ ﺻـﻔﺤﺎ‬ṣafaḥātihā) the book contains,
lists …; ‫( ﳚﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﻴـﻮت‬yujma‘u) the plural of bait is buyūt II to pile up,
amass, accumulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rally, round up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻫـﻢ‬s.o.); to assemble
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬the parts of a machine) III to have sexual intercourse (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a woman)
IV to agree (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.th., to do s.th.); to be agreed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to decide
unanimously (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), resolve (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.)|‫اﻣـﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫( اﲨﻌـﻮا‬amrahum) they
came to terms, they made a joint decision V to gather; to assemble,
congregate; to rally, band together, flock together (people); to pile up; to
accumulate; to gather into a mass, agglomerate; to cluster; to coagulate VIII
to be close together; to come together, meet, join; to unite, combine (‫ب‬
with); to assemble, meet, convene (an organization, a committee, etc.); to be
240
or get together, have a meeting, interview or conference, hold talks (‫ﻣـﻊ‬ ,‫ب‬
with s.o.), meet (‫ﻣـﻊ‬ ,‫ ب‬s.o.; to concur (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in), agree, be agreed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on
s.th.) X to gather, collect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; also ‫ ﻗـﻮاﻩ‬quwāhu one’s strength, ‫اﻓﻜـﺎرﻩ‬
afkārahū one’s thoughts); to summarize, sum up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to possess,
combine (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﲨــﻊ‬jam’ gathering; collection; combination; connection, coupling,
joining; accumulation; (arith.) addition; union, merger, aggregation,
integration (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬of) holding together (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬of divergent, separate things); (pl.
‫ ﲨـﻮع‬jumū‘) gathering, crowd, throng; gang, troop; (gram.) plural| ‫ﲨـﻊ اﻟﺸـﻤﻞ‬
j. aš-šaml union, integration; ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺴﲑ‬ ‫ ﲨﻊ‬the broken (= internal) plural, ‫اﳉﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺴـﺎﱂ‬ the regular (= external) plural; ‫ اﺳـﻢ اﳉﻤـﻊ‬ism al-j. collective noun
(gram.); ‫اﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ ﲨﻊ‬j. al-yad fist
‫ ﲨـﻊ‬jum‘, ‫ ﲨـﻊ اﻟﻜـﻒ‬j. al-kaff, ‫ ﲨـﻊ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬j. al-yad fist, clenched hand| ‫ﲜﻤـﻊ‬
‫ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‬with clenched fists
Confidential
‫ ﲨﻌـﺔ‬jum‘a pl. ‫ ﲨـﻊ‬juma‘, -āt week; Friday| ‫ ﻳـﻮم اﳉﻤﻌـﺔ‬yaum al-j. Friday;
‫ﲨﻌـﺔ اﻵﻻم‬
(Chr.)
Passion Week; ‫اﳉﻤﻌـﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤـﺔ‬ and ‫ﻳـﻮم اﳉﻤﻌـﺔ اﳊﺰﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ ﲨﻌﻴـﺔ‬jam‘iya pl. -āt club, association, society; corporation, organization;

Good Friday
assembly|‫اﻷﻣــﻢ‬ ‫ﲨﻌﻴــﺔ‬ j. al-umam League of Nations; ‫ﲨﻌﻴــﺔ ﺧﲑﻳــﺔ‬ (ḳairīya)
charitable organization; ‫ﲨﻌﻴـﺔ اﻻﺳـﻌﺎف‬ j. al-is‘āf approx.: civil ambulance

service; ‫( ﲨﻌﻴـﺔ‬tašrī‘īya) legislative assembly; ‫‘ ﲨﻌﻴـﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬umūmīya) and
‫‘( ﲨﻌﻴـﺔ ﻋﺎﻣــﺔ‬āmma) general assembly; general meeting; plenum, plenary
session; ‫( ﲨﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﻴﺔ‬ta‘āwunīya) cooperative
‫ ﲨﻴـﻊ‬jamī‘ (with foll. genitive) total; whole, entire; all; entirety; e.g., ‫ﲨﻴـﻊ‬
‫ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬all men, all mankind; ‫ اﳉﻤﻴـﻊ‬all people, everybody; the public at large;
‫ ﲨﻴﻌـﺎ‬jamī‘an in a body, altogether, one and all, all of them; entirely, wholly,
totally
‫ ﲨﻊ‬ajma‘2 pl. -ūn, f. ‫ ﲨﻌﺎء‬jam‘ā’2, pl. ‫ ﲨـﻊ‬juma‘2 entire, whole, all`| ‫اﻟﻌـﺎﱂ‬
‫اﻻﺳـﻼﻣﻰ اﲨـﻊ‬ (ajma‘a) the entire Islamic world; ‫اﻟــﺪار ﲨﻌـﺎء‬ (jam‘ā’a) the
241
whole house; ‫ ﲨﻌـﻪ‬bi-ajma‘ihī in its entirety, to its full extent, completely,

altogether; ‫ ﺟﺎؤوا ﲨﻌﻬﻢ‬all of them came
‫ ﲨﺎع‬jummā‘ aggregate; total, total amount
O ‫ﺋﻰ‬ ‫ ﲨﺎع ﻛﻬﺮ‬jammā‘ kahrabā‘ī; storage battery
‫ ﲨﺎﻋــﺔ‬jamā‘a pl. -āt group (of people); band, gang, party, troop;
community; squad (military unit; Eg. 1939)| ‫ﲨﺎﻋـﺎت واﻓـﺮادا‬ jamā‘ātin wa-
afrādan in groups and individually
‫ ﲨﺎﻋﻰ‬jamā‘ī collective (as opposed to ‫ ﻓﺮدى‬fardī individual)
‫ ﳎﻤـﻊ‬majma‘ pl. ‫ ﳎـﺎﻣﻊ‬majāmi‘2 place where two or more things meet,
place or point of union, junction; meeting, congregation, convention,
assembly; (also ‫ ﳎﻤـﻊ ﻋﻠﻤـﻰ‬m. ‘ilmī) academy (scientific); college (e.g., of
ecclesiastical dignitaries); synod|‫( ﳎﻤـﻊ ﺑﻠـﺪى‬baladī) provincial synod (Chr.);
‫( ﳎﻤﻊ اﻛﻠﲑﻛﻰ‬iklīrīkī) clerical synod (of the Coptic Church); ‫اﺧﺬ ﲟﺠﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻠـﻮب‬
to win or captivate the hearts; ‫ ﲟﺠـﺎﻣﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬bi-m. ‘ainaihi (to look at s.o.)
Confidential
with complete concentration, intently
‫ ﳎﻤﻌﻰ‬majma‘ī academy member, academician
‫ ﲡﻤﻲ‬tajmī‘ assembly, assemblage (of the parts of machinery)
‫ ﲨـﺎع‬jimā‘ sexual intercourse; s.th. comprising or involving another thing
or a number of things| ‫اﻻﰒ‬ ‫اﳋﻤﺮ ﲨﺎع‬al-ḳamr j. al-itm wine involves sin, wine
‫ اﲨـﺎع‬ijmā‘ agreement, unanimity (also ‫ ;)اﲨـﺎع اﻟـﺮأي‬unanimous resolution
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.); (Isl. Law) consensus (of the authorities in a legal question;
one of the four uṣūl of Islamic Law)| ‫ ﻻﲨﺎع‬unanimously
‫ اﲨــﺎﻋﻰ‬ijmā‘ī based on general agreement, unanimous; collective,
universal
‫ ﲡﻤــﻊ‬tajammu‘ pl. -āt coming together, meeting; gathering; troop
concentration; crowd, throng, mob; agglomeration; O agglutination (chem.-
med.)
‫ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎع‬ijtimā‘ pl. -āt meeting (‫ ب‬with s.o.; of a corporate body; of
parliament); get-together, gathering, assembly; reunion; rally; convention;
conjunction, constellation (astron.); confluence (of rivers); life in a social
group, community life, social life; ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤــﺎع‬ human society|‫اﻟﻄــﺮق‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻤــﺎع‬
242
ijtimā‘ aṯ-ṯuruq crossroads, intersection, junction; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤـﺎع‬ ‘ilm al-ijt.

sociology; ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬sociologists
‫ اﺟﺘﻤ ــﺎﻋﻰ‬ijtimā‘ī community, group (used attributively); social;
socialist(ic); sociological|‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ‬ ‫ وزارة اﻟﺸــﺆون‬ministry for social affairs;
‫ اﳊﺎﻟـﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬personal status; ‫( اﳋﺪﻣـﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬ḳidma) social service, social
work; ‫اﳌﺴــﺎواة اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ‬ (musāwāh) social equality; ‫اﳍﻴﺌــﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ‬ (hai’a)
human society
‫ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ijtimā‘īya socialism
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬jāmi‘ comprehensive, extensive, broad, general, universal; collector;
compiler (of a book); compositor, typesetter; (pl. ‫ ﺟﻮاﻣـﻊ‬jawāmi‘2) mosque|
‫ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺟــﺎﻣﻊ‬ (masjid) great, central mosque where the public prayer is
performed on Fridays
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ‬jāmi‘a pl. -āt league, union, association; community; federation;
religious community, communion; commonness, community of interests or
purpose; university|O ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌ ــﺔ اﻟﻜﻬ ــﺮ ء‬ j. al-kahrabā’ storage battery,
Confidential
accumulator; ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ اﻻﻣــﻢ‬
(islāmīya) Pan-Islamism;
j. al-umam League of Nations; ‫اﳉﺎﻣﻌــﺔ اﻻﺳــﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‘( اﳉﺎﻣﻌــﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴــﺔ‬arabīya) and ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌــﺔ اﻟــﺪول اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴــﺔ‬
(duwal) the Arab League; ‫( ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﺷـﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬ša‘bīya) university extension, adult
education courses, evening courses
‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻰ‬jāmi‘ī academic, collegiate, university (adj.); university graduate
‫ ﳎﻤـﻮع‬majmū‘ collected, gathered; totality, whole; total, sum (arith.)|
‫ اﳊﺮوف ا ﻤﻮﻋـﺔ‬matter (typ.); ‫ ﳎﻤـﻮع اراﺿـﻰ اﻟﻘﻄـﺮ‬m. arāḍī l-quṯr the total area of
the country; ‫ ﳎﻤـﻮع ﻃﻮﻟـﻪ‬m. ṯūlihī its total length; ‫‘( ا ﻤـﻮع اﻟﻌﺼـﱯ‬aṣabī) the
nervous system
‫ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬majmū‘a pl. -āt, ‫ ﳎﺎﻣﻴﻊ‬majāmī‘2 collection (e.g., of works of art, of
stamps, etc., also of stories); compilation, list; group {also, e.g., of trees, of
islands, etc.); series (e.g., of articles in a newspaper; O battery (el.); alliance,
league, bloc (e.g., of states); collective, collectivistic organization;
aggregate; complex, block (of buildings); system; bulletin, periodical|
‫( ا ﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬šamāīya) the solar system; ‫( ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ṣinā‘īya) syndicate
‫ ﳎﻤﻊ‬mujammi‘ collector (techn.); O storage battery, accumulator
‫ ﳎﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬mujma‘ ‘alaihi (that which is) agreed upon, unanimous
243
‫ ﳎﺘﻤـﻊ‬mujtama‘ pl. -āt gathering place, place of assembly; meeting place,

rendezvous; assembly, gathering, meeting; society; human society;
community, commune, collective
‫ ﲨﻜﻴﺔ = ﺟﺎﻣﻜﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
1 ‫ ﲨـﻞ‬jamala u (jaml) to sum up, summarize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- jamula u (‫ﲨـﺎل‬
jamāl) to be beautiful; to be handsome, pretty, comely, graceful; to be
proper, suitable, appropriate (‫ ب‬for s.o.), befit (‫ ب‬s.o.) II to make beautiful,
beautify, embellish, adorn (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.) III to be polite, courteous,
amiable (. to 8.0.) IV to sum, total, add (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to treat as a whole, mention
collectively (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sum up, summarize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to act well, decently,
be nice V to make o.s. pretty, adorn o.s. VI to be courteous, be friendly to
one another
‫ ﲨﻠـﺔ‬jumla pl. ‫ ﲨـﻞ‬jumal totality, sum, whole; group, troop, body; crowd;
wholesale; (gram.) sentence, clause; ‫ ﲨﻠـﺔ‬jumlatan completely, wholly, on
the whole, altogether, in general, at all| ‫ ﲨﻠـﺔ واﺣـﺪة‬jumlatan wāḥidatan all at
once, at one swoop; ‫ ﲨﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت‬everything in existence; ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠـﺔ اﺻـﺤﺎﺑﻪ‬
Confidential
he was one of his companions, he belonged to his companions; ‫ﻗﺎل ﰱ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟـﻪ‬ (jumlati) among other things, he said ... ; ‫ وﲨﻠـﺔ اﻟﻘـﻮل ان‬wa-jumlatu l-
qauli anna or ‫ وﲨﻠـﺔ اﻻﻣـﺮ ان‬in short ... , to sum up …, briefly stated ... ; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ اﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬in short, in a word; ‫ ﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬wholly, on the whole, altogether, in general,
at all; by wholesale (com.); ‫ ﲨﻠـﺔ اﻻﺟـﺮة اﳌﺴـﺘﺤﻘﺔ‬j. al-ujra al-mustaḥiqqa gross
wage; ‫اﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺟـﺮ‬wholesaler, wholesale dealer; 41.J:1 ~ sr,. al·j. whole-sale

price; ‫( ﲨﻠﺔ اﲰﻴﺔ‬ismīya) nominal clause; ‫( ﲨﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬fi‘līya) verbal clause; ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫( اﺧﺒﺎرﻳﺔ‬iḳbārīya) or ‫( ﲨﻠﺔ ﺧﱪﻳﺔ‬ḳabarīya) declarative sentence (or clause); ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻧﺸــﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ (inšā’īya) exclamatory sentence; ‫ﲨﻠــﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴــﺔ‬ (ḥālīya) circumstantial
clause; ‫(ﲨﻠــﺔ ﺷــﺮﻃﻲ‬šarṯīya) conditional clause; ‫ﲨﻠــﺔ ﻣﻌﱰﺿــﺔ‬ (mu‘tariḍa)
parenthetical clause
‫ ﺣﺴـﺎب اﳉﻤـﻞ‬ḥisāb al-jummal (or jumal) use of the letters of the alphabet
according to their numerical value
‫ ﲨﺎل‬jamāl beauty|O ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﳉﻤﺎل‬ilm al-j. aesthetics
244
‫ ﲨﻴـﻞ‬jamīl beautiful, graceful, lovely, comely, pretty, handsome; friendly

act, favor, service, good turn; courtesy|‫اﳉﻤﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬,‫ اﻋﱰاف ﳉﻤﻴﻞ‬ma‘rifat al-
j. and ‫ﳉﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﺮﻓﺎن‬irfān) gratitude; ‫ﻧﻜﺮان اﳉﻤﻴﻞ‬nukrān al-j. ingratitude; ‫ﻛﺮ‬
‫ اﳉﻤﻴـﻞ‬ungrateful; ‫( ﺣﻔـﻆ ﻟـﻪ ﲨـﻴﻼ‬ḥafiẓa) to keep s.o. in fond remembrance,
remember s.o. with gratitude
‫ اﲨﻞ‬ajmal2 more beautiful
‫ ﲡﻤﻴﻞ‬tajmīl beautification, embellishment; cosmetics
‫ ﳎﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬mujāmala pl. -āt (act of) courtesy; civility, amiability; flattery; ‫ﳎﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‬
mujāmalatan amicably, in a friendly way| ‫ﳎﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ ز رة‬ziyārat m. courtesy call;
‫ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ا ﺎﻣﻼت‬etiquette
‫ اﲨـﺎل‬ijmāl summation, summing up; summarization; ‫ اﲨـﺎﻻ‬ijmālan on the
whole, in general, generally speaking, as a general principle| ‫اﻗـﻮل‬ ‫اﲨـﺎﻻ ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ‬
to sum up, I (would) say ... ; ‫ ﰱ اﲨﺎﻟـﻪ‬in its entirety, as a whole; ‫ ﻻﲨـﺎل‬and
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻻﲨـﺎل‬in general, on the whole, altogether; ‫ ﺑﻮﺟـﻪ اﻻﲨـﺎل‬bi-wajhi l-i. =
Confidential
‫اﲨﺎﻻ‬
‫ اﲨ ــﺎﱃ‬ijmālī comprehensive, summary, general, over-all, total,
collective|‫اﲨـﺎﱃ‬ ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮ‬over-all report; ‫( ﻏﺮاﻣـﺔ اﲨﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬garāma) collective penalty;
‫( ﻧﻈﺮة اﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬naẓra) general view
‫ ﳎﻤﻞ‬mujmil pl. -ūn wholesaler, wholesale dealer
‫ ﳎﻤـﻞ‬mujmal summary, resume, synopsis, compendium; general concept;
sum, total|‫ﻤﻞ‬ by wholesale
2 ‫ﲨــﻞ‬ jamal pl. ‫ﲨــﺎل‬ jimāl, ‫اﲨــﺎل‬ ajmāl camel|‫اﻟﻴﻬـﻮد‬ ‫ﲨــﻞ‬ j. a1-yahūd
chameleon
‫ ﲨﺎل‬jammāl pl. -ūn camel driver
‫ ﲨﺎن‬jumān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pearls
‫ ﲨﻬـﺮ‬jamhara to gather, collect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); to assemble (‫ ه‬s.o.) II
tajamhara to gather, flock together (crowd)
‫ ﲨﻬﺮة‬jamhara multitude, crowd, throng; the great mass, the populace
‫ ﲨﻬﻮر‬jumhūr pl. ‫ ﲨـﺎﻫﲑ‬jamāhīr2 multitude; crowd, throng; general public,
public; ‫ اﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑ‬the masses, the people
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‫ ﲨﻬﺮى‬iumhllri republican (adj. and n.)

‫ ﲨﻬﻮرﻳ ــﺔ‬jumhūriya pl. -āt republic|‫‘( اﳉﻤﻬﻮرﻳ ــﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ ــﺔ اﳌﺘﺤ ــﺪة‬arabīya,
muttaḥida) the United Arab Republic; ‫اﻻﳌﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( اﳉﻤﻬﻮرﻳـﺔ اﻻﲢﺎدﻳـﺔ‬ittiḥādīya) the
Federal Republic of Germany; ‫( اﳉﻤﻬﻮرﻳـﺔ اﻟﺪﳝﻮﻗﺮاﻃﻴـﺔ اﻻﳌﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬dīmūqrāṯīya) the
German Democratic Republic
‫ ﲡﻤﻬﺮ‬tajamhur gathering (of people; crowd
‫ ﺟـﻦ‬janna u (jann, ‫ ﺟﻨـﻮن‬junūn) to cover, hide, conceal, veil (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to descend, fall, be or become dark (night); pass. junna: to be or become
possessed, insane, mad, crazy| ‫( ﺟـﻦ ﺟﻨﻮﻧـﻪ‬junūnuhū) to get madly excited,
become frantic II to craze, make crazy, drive insane, madden, enrage,
infuriate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to cover, veil, hide, conceal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); = II; V to go mad,
become crazy X to be covered, veiled, concealed; to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as crazy,
think (‫ ه‬s.o.) mad
‫( ﺟـﻦ‬coll.) jinn, demons (invisible beings, either harmful or helpful, that
interfere with the lives of mortals)
Confidential
‫ ﺟﲎ‬jinnī demonic; jinni, demon
‫ ﺟﻨﻴﺔ‬jinnīya female demon
‫ ﺟﻨـﺔ‬janna pl. -at, ‫ ﺟﻨـﺎن‬jinān garden; paradise| ‫ ﺟﻨـﺎت اﻟﻨﻌـﻴﻢ‬paradise; ‫ﺳـﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ اﳉﻨﺎن‬inhabitant of paradise, deceased person, one of blessed memory
‫ ﺟﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬junaina pl. -āt, ‫ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻦ‬janā’in2 little garden; garden
‫ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﲎ‬janā’inī gardener
‫ ﺟﻨﺔ‬jinna possession, obsession; mania, madness, insanity
‫ ﺟﻨﺔ‬junna pl. ‫ ﺟﻨﻦ‬junan protection, shelter, shield
‫ ﺟﻨﺎن‬janān pl. ‫ اﺟﻨﺎن‬ajnān heart, soul
‫ ﺟﻨﺎن‬jannān gardener
‫ ﺟﻨـﲔ‬janīn pl. ‫ اﺟﻨـﺔ‬ajinna, ‫ اﺟﻨـﻮن‬ajnūn embryo, fetus; germ (in a seed,
etc.)
‫ ﺟﻨـﻮن‬junūn possession, obsession; mania, madness, insanity, dementia;
foolishness, folly; frenzy, rage, fury; ecstasy, rapture|‫ﻓﻨـﻮن‬ ‫ اﳉﻨـﻮن‬al-j. funūn
madness has many varieties, manifests itself in many ways
‫ ﺟﻨﻮﱐ‬junūnī crazy, insane, mad; frantic, frenzied
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‫ ﳎﻦ‬mijann pl. ‫ ﳎﺎن‬majānn2 shield

‫ ﳎﻨﺔ‬majanna madness, insanity
‫ ﺟﺎن‬jānn jinn, demons
‫ ﳎﻨــﻮن‬majnūn pl. ‫ ﳎــﺎﻧﲔ‬majānīn2 possessed, obsessed; insane, mad;
madman, maniac, lunatic; crazy, cracked; crackpot; foolish; fool
‫ ﺟﻨـﺐ‬janaba u to avert, ward off (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.) II to keep away,
avert, ward off (‫ه‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ from s.o. s.th.), keep s.o. (‫ )ه‬out of the way of (‫)ﻫ ـ‬,
spare (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.) III to be or walk by s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬side; to run alongside of
(‫)ﻫ ـ‬, run parallel to (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, skirt, flank (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to avoid (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to avoid (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to keep away (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬from), steer clear, get out of the way (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
of) VI and VIII = V; VIII to be at the side of (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, run side by side with (‫)ﻫ ـ‬,
run alongside of (‫)ﻫـ‬, skirt, flank (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﺟﻨـﺐ‬janb pl. ‫ ﺟﻨـﻮب‬junūb, ‫ اﺟﻨـﺎب‬ajnāb side; janba (prep.) beside, next to,
near, at|‫ﺟﻨـﺐ‬ ‫( ﺟﻨﺒـﺎ اﱃ‬also ‫ )ﺟﻨﺒـﺎ ﳉﻨـﺐ‬side by side; ‫( ﺑـﲔ ﺟﻨﺒﻴـﻪ‬janbaihi) inside
Confidential
(it), within;
contents; ‫ﺟﻨﺐ‬
‫( ﻣـﺎ ﺑـﲔ ﺟﻨﺒﻴـﻪ‬baina janbaihi) what it contains, comprises, its
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬aside, apart; ‫ ذات اﳉﻨﺐ‬pleurisy
‫ ﺟﻨﺒـﺔ‬janba pl. janabāt side; region, area| ‫ ﰱ ﺟﻨﺒﺎﺗـﻪ‬in it, within, wide; ‫ﺿـﻤﻪ‬
‫( ﺑـﲔ ﺟﻨﺒﺎﺗـﻪ‬ḍammahū) to comprise, hold, contain s.th.; ‫ ﺟﻨﺒـﺎت اﻟﻐﺮﻓـﺔ‬j. al-gurfa
the whole room; ‫ﺑـﲔ ﺟﻨﺒـﺎت اﻟﻐﺮﻓـﺔ‬ in (the middle of) the room; ‫زاﺧـﺮ اﳉﻨﺒـﺎت‬
crammed, chock-full, brimful, filled to overflowing or bursting
‫ ﺟﻨﱮ‬janbī lateral, side (adj.)
‫ ﺟﻨـﺐ‬junub in a state of major ritual impurity; not belonging to the tribe,
not a kinsman| ‫اﳉﻨﺐ‬ ‫اﳉﺎر‬the neighbor not belonging to the family
‫ ﺟﻨـﺎب‬jināb (title of respect) approx.: Right Honorable; ‫ﺟﻨــﺎﺑﻜﻢ‬ Your
Honor; you (polite form)
‫ ﺟﻨﺎﺑﺔ‬janāba major ritual impurity (Isl. Law)
‫ ﺟﻨﺎب‬junāb (= ‫ )ذات اﳉﻨﺐ‬pleurisy
‫ ﺟﻨﻮب‬janūb south; ‫ ﺟﻨﻮ‬janūban southward, to the south
‫ ﺟﻨﻮب‬janūbī southern| ‫ ﺟﻨﻮﰉ اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬South Africa
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‫ ﺟﻨﺐ‬jānib pl. ‫ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ‬jawānib2 side; lateral portion; sidepiece; flank; wing;

face (geom.); part, portion, partial amount; partial view, section (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of a
scene, picture or panorama); quantity, amount; a certain number (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), a
few, some| ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬on his part; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ – ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ آﺧـﺮ‬on the one hand --
on the other hand; ‫ اﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺒـﻪ‬to him, to his address; at his (its) side, next to
him (it); ‫ ﲜﺎﻧﺒـﻪ‬beside him (it), next to him (it); ‫ اﱃ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‬and ‫ ﲜﺎﻧـﺐ‬side by
side with; in addition to; apart from, aside from; ‫ وﺿﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎ‬to put s.th. aside;
‫ودﻋـﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒـﺎ‬ to leave s.th. aside, omit s.th.; ‫ﰱ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‬ in comparison with, as
compared with, as against; regarding, with regard to; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﺑـﲔ ﺟـﻮاﻧﺒﻬﻢ‬their
hearts; ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒــﺎ اﻟﻔــﻢ‬ jānibā l-fam the comers of the mouth; ‫ ﺟﺎﻧــﺐ ﻣــﻦ‬a
considerable, or certain, degree of; a considerable amount of, a good deal of;
‫ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ ﻛﺒـﲑ ﻣـﻦ‬a great deal of, a large portion of; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ ﻛﺒـﲑ ﻣـﻦ‬he is very
…; ‫( ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺮم‬karam) to be very generous; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫( ﻣـﻦ اﻻﳘﻴـﺔ‬ahammīya) of great importance; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻋﻈـﻢ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ ﻣـﻦ اﳋﻄـﻮرة‬alā
Confidential
a‘ẓami jānibin min al-kuṯūra of utmost importance, of greatest significance;
‫ﰱ ﻛـﻞ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‬
terms;
everywhere, on all sides; ‫ﺧﻔـﺾ ﻟـﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒـﻪ‬
amina jānibahū to be safe from s.o.;

(ḳafaḍa, jānibahū) to
show o.s. condescending, affable or gracious to s.o.; to meet s.o. on fair
‫اﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺒــﻪ‬ ‫ﱂ اﻋـﺮﻩ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ اﻫﺘﻤــﺎم‬
(u‘irhu) I paid not the least attention to him; ‫ ﻫــﺎب( ﺟﺎﻧﺒــﻪ‬،‫ﺧــﺎف )رﻫــﺐ‬
(jānibahū) to fear s.o., be afraid of s.o.; ‫ ﻣﻠـﻚ اﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬milk al-j. crown lands;
‫ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ اﳌـﲑي‬j. al-mīrī (eg.) fisc, treasury; ‫ ﻟـﲔ اﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬layyin al-j. gentle; docile,
tractable, compliant; ‫ ﻟـﲔ اﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬līn al-j. gentleness; ‫ رﺣـﺐ اﳉﻮاﻧـﺐ‬raḥb al-j.
roomy; spacious, unconfined; ‫ رﻗﻴـﻖ اﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬friendly, amiable, gentle; ‫ﻣﺮﻫـﻮب‬
‫ اﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬feared, dreaded; ‫ ﻋﺰﻳـﺰ اﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬powerful, mighty, strong; ‫‘ ﻋـﺰة اﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬izzat
al-j. power; ‫اﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬ ‫ ﻣﻬﻴـﺐ‬mahīb al-j. dreaded, respected; ‫ ﰱ ﺟﻮاﻧـﺐ اﻟـﺪار‬about
the house, all over the house; often ‫ﰱ ﺟﻮاﻧﺒﻪ = ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﺟﺎﻧﱮ‬jānibī lateral, side, by- (in compounds)
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‫ اﺟﻨـﱯ‬ajnabī foreign, alien; (pl. -ūn, ‫ اﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‬ajānib2 foreigner, alien| ‫اﻟـﺒﻼد‬

‫ اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴـﺔ‬the foreign countries, the outside world; ‫ ﻓﺮﻗـﺔ اﻻﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‬firqat al-ajānib
the Foreign Legion
‫ ﺟﻨﺎﺑﻴـﺔ‬gannābīya pl. –āt (eg.) curb; embankment, levee; side channel,
lateral (following a road or railroad tracks); bypass (of a lock or sluice)
‫ ﲡﻨﺐ‬tajannub avoidance
‫ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب‬ijtināb avoidance
‫ ﳎﻨﺒﺔ‬mujanniba flank, wing (of an army
‫ ﺟﻨﱪي‬see ‫ﲨﱪي‬
‫ ﺟﻨﺒﺎز‬junbāz, ‫ ﲨﺒﺎز‬calisthenics; gymnastics; athletics
‫ ﺟﻨﺒ ــﺎزي‬junbāzī (‫ )ﲨﺒ ــﺎزي‬calisthenic(al), gymnastic| ‫اﻻﻟﻌ ــﺎب اﳉﻤﺒﺎزﻳــﺔ‬
gymnastic exercises, physical exercises
‫ ﺟـﻨﺢ‬janaḥa a (‫ ﺟﻨـﻮح‬junūḥ) to incline, be inclined, tend (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to); to
lean (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to or toward); to turn, go over (‫ اﱃ‬to), join (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), associate
o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬with); to strand (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or‫ اﱃ‬on a coast; ship); to diverge, deviate,
Confidential
depart (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to turn away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), break (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with) II to provide (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) with wings, lend wings (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.) IV to incline, be inclined, tend (‫ ل‬or
‫ اﱃ‬to); to lean (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to or toward); to turn (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); to strand
(ship)
‫ ﺟﻨﺢ‬jinḥ side
‫ ﺟـﻨﺢ‬junḥ, jinḥ darkness gloom|‫( ﰱ ﺟـﻨﺢ اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬j. il-lail) in the dark of night,
under cover of night; ‫( ﺑـﲔ ﺟﻨﺤـﻲ اﻟﻜـﺮى‬junḥay il-karā) lit.: between the two
halves of slumber, i.e., at night when everyone’s asleep
‫ ﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬junḥa pl. ‫ ﺟﻨﺢ‬junaḥ misdemeanor (jur., less than a felony, ‫ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬, and
more than an infraction, ‫)ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﺟﻨﺎح‬janāḥ pl. ‫ اﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬ajniḥa, ‫ اﺟﻨﺢ‬ajnuḥ wing (of a bird. of an airplane, of a
building, of an army); side; flank| ‫ﰱ ﺟﻨﺎﺣﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ I am under his protection; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﺟﻨـﺎح اﻻﺛـﲑ‬over the ether, by radio; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺟﻨـﺎح اﻟﺴـﺮﻋﺔ‬j. is-sur‘a) with winged
haste
‫ ﺟﻨـﺎح‬junāḥ misdemeanor (jur.); sin| ‫( ﻻ ﺟﻨـﺎح ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬junāḥa) it won’t be held
against him if he ... ; it won't do any harm if he …
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‫ اﺟﻨﺢ‬ajnaḥ2 more inclined (‫ اﱃ‬to

‫ ﺟﻨﻮح‬janūḥ inclined (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﻨﻮح‬junūḥ inclination, leaning, bent, tendency (‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ﺟﺎﻧﺢ‬jāniḥ side, flank, wing
‫ ﺟﺎﳓﺔ‬jāniḥa pl. ‫ ﺟﻮاﻧﺢ‬jawāniḥ2 rib; pl. also bosom, heart, soul|‫ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻮاﳓﻲ‬in
my bosom, at heart; ‫( ﻃﻔـﺮت ﺟﻮاﳓﻬـﺎ‬ṭafarat) she became happily excited, she
trembled with joy
‫ ﳎﻨﺢ‬mujannaḥ winged
‫ ﺟﻨـﺪ‬II to draft, conscript, enlist, recruit (‫ ه‬s.o.; mil.); to mobilize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an
army, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against) V to be drafted, be conscripted, be enlisted (for military
service)
‫ ﺟﻨﺪ‬jund m. and f., pl. ‫ ﺟﻨﻮد‬junūd, ‫ اﺟﻨـﺎد‬ajnād soldiers; army|‫ ﺟﻨـﺪ اﳋـﻼص‬j.
al-ḳalāṣ Salvation Army
‫ ﺟﻨـﺪى‬jundī pl. ‫ ﺟﻨـﻮد‬junūd soldier, private| ‫( ﺟﻨـﺪى اول‬awwal) private first
class (Ir., Syr.); ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺪ‬ ‫( ﺟﻨﺪى‬mustajidd) recruits (Ir., Syr.); ‫ اﳉﻨﺪي ا ﻬﻮل‬the
Confidential
Unknown Soldier
‫ ﺟﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬jundīya military affairs, the army, the military; military service
‫ ﲡﻨﻴــﺪ‬tajnīd draft, enlistment (mil.) recruitment; mobilization| ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻨﻴــﺪ‬
‫( اﻻﺟﺒﺎري‬ijbārī) military conscription
‫ ﲡﻨﺪ‬tajannud military service
‫ ﳎﻨﺪ‬mujannad recruit
‫ ﺟﻨﺪارى‬gindārī standard-bearer, comet (Eg.)
‫ ﺟﻨﺪب‬jundub pl. ‫ ﺟﻨﺎدب‬janādib2 grasshopper
1 ‫ ﺟﻨﺪر‬gandara (eg.) to mangle (‫ ﻫـ‬laundry)
‫ ﺟﻨﺪرة‬gandara mangling (of laundry); press; O rotary press (typ.)
2 ‫ ﺟﻨﺪارى‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺟﻨﺪرﻣﺔ‬žandarma gendarmery
‫ ﺟﻨﺪرﻣﻰ‬žandarmī gendarme
‫ ﺟﻨﺪﻓﻠﻰ‬ganduflī (eg.) oysters
1‫ ﺟﻨﺪل‬jandala to throw to the ground, bring down, fell (‫ ه‬s.o.)
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‫ ﺟﻨﺪل‬jandal pl. ‫ ﺟﻨﺎدل‬janādil2 stone; pl. ‫ ﺟﻨﺎدل‬cataract, waterfall (eg.)

2‫ ﺟﻨﺪول‬gundūl (eg.) pl. ‫ ﺟﻨﺎدﻳﻞ‬ganādīl2 gondola
‫ ﺟﻨﺮال‬jenərāl, ginrāl (eg.) general (military rank)

‫ ﺟﻨـﺰ‬II to say the burial prayers, conduct the funeral service (‫ ه‬for the
deceased; Chr.)
‫ ﺟﻨﺎزة‬jināza, janāza pl. -āt ‫ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﺰ‬janā’iz2 bier; funeral procession
‫ ﺟﻨـﺎز‬junnāz pl. ‫ ﺟﻨـﺎﻧﻴﺰ‬janānīz2 requiem, funeral rites, obsequies; funeral
procession
‫ ﺟﻨﺰﺑﻴﻞ‬janzabīl (= ‫ )زﳒﺒﻴﻞ‬ginger
1‫ ﺟﻨﺰﻳﺮ‬janzara (= ‫ )زﳒﺮ‬to be or become covered with verdigris
‫ ﺟﻨﺰار‬jinzār (=‫ )زﳒﺎر‬verdigris

2‫ ﺟﻨﺰﻳـﺮ‬jinzīr (=‫ )زﳒـﲑ‬pl. ‫ ﺟﻨـﺎزﻳﺮ‬janāzīr2 chain; track (of a caterpillar, of a
tank, etc.); a linear measure (= 5 qaṣaba = 17.75 m; also = 20 m; Eg.)| ‫ﻃـﺎرة‬
‫ ﺟﻨﺰﻳﺮ‬ṭārat j. track sprocket, sprocket wheel
Confidential
‫ ﳎﻨﺰر‬mujanzar track-laying (vehicle)
‫ ﺟـﻨﺲ‬II to make alike, make similar (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to assimilate, naturalize (‫ه‬
s.o.); to class, classify, sort, categorize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to be akin, be related,
similar (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬to), be of the same kind or nature (‫ ه‬as s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬as s.th.), be like
s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ )ﻫ ـ‬resemble (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to have o.s. naturalized,
acquire the citizenship (‫ ;)ب‬to be naturalized VI to be akin, related, of the

same kind or nature, homogeneous
‫ ﺟــﻨﺲ‬jins pl. ‫ اﺟﻨــﺎس‬ajnās kind, sort, variety, species, class, genus;
category; sex (male, female); gender (gram.); race; nation| ‫اﳉﻨﺲ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ism al-j.
(gram.) generic noun, collective noun of nonpersonal things (which form a
n. un. in ‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮي‬ ‫( ة(; اﳉﻨﺲ‬bašarī) the human race; ‫ اﺑﻨﺎء ﺟﻨﺴﻨﺎ‬abnā’ jinsinā our
fellow tribesmen; ‫اﳉـﻨﺲ‬ ‫ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼـﺮي‬he is Egyptian by nationality; ‫اﳉـﻨﺲ اﻟﻠﻄﻴـﻒ‬
the fair sex; ‫اﳋﺸﻦ‬ ‫ اﳉﻨﺲ‬the strong sex
‫ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬jinsī generic; sexual; racial
‫ ﻻﺟﻨﺴﻲ‬lā-jinsī asexual, sexless
‫ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬jinsīya pl. -āt nationality, citizenship
251
‫ ﲡﻨﻴﺲ‬tajnīs naturalization; paronomasia (rhet.)

‫ ﺟﻨﺎس‬jinās (rhet.) assonance, pun, paronomasia
‫ ﳎﺎﻧﺴــﺔ‬mujānasa relatedness, kinship, affinity; similarity, likeness,
resemblance
‫ ﲡﻨﺲ‬tajannus acquisition of citizenship, naturalization
‫ﲡ ــﺎﻧﺲ‬tajānūs homogeneity, homogeneousness; likeness, similarity,
resemblance
‫ ﳎﺎﻧﺲ‬mujānis similar, like, related; homogeneous
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﻨﺲ‬mutajannis naturalized
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬mutajānis akin, related, of the same kind or nature, homogeneous
‫( ﺟﻨﻄﻴﺎ‬Lat. Gentiana) gentian (eg.)
1 ‫ﺟﻨﻒ‬VI to deviate (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); to incline, be inclined (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to s.th.)
2 ‫ ﺟﻨﻴﻒ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺟﻨﻔﺎص‬junfāṣ, ‫ ﺟﻨﻔﻴﺺ‬junfaiṣ sackcloth, sacking

‫ ﺟﻨﻚ‬junk pl. ‫ ﺟﻨﻮك‬junūk harp
Confidential
‫ ﺟﻨﻮا‬janowā Genoa (seaport in NW Italy)
‫ ﺟـﲎ‬janā i (jany) to pick, gather, harvest, reap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also the fruits of
one’s work); to pocket, rake in, collect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to derive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬profit, ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from); to secure, realize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬profits, an advantage); to incur (‫ ﻫ ـ‬evil, harm,
punishment); to cause, provoke, bring about (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- (‫ ﺟﻨﺎﻳـﺔ‬jināya) to
commit a crime, an outrage (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on); to offend, sin (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against); to commit,
perpetrate (‫ذﻧﺒـﺎ‬ ,‫ ﺟﻨﺎﻳـﺔ‬danban a crime, an offense; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, less frequently ‫اﱃ‬, on
or against); to inflict (‫ ﻫـ‬some evil, ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on s.o.); to harm (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.) V to
incriminate, accuse, charge with a crime (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), lay the blame (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on
s.o.), blame (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.); to act meanly VIII to gather, harvest (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﲎ‬jany harvest; reaping (fig.); -- janan (coll.) fruits
‫ ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬jināya pl. -āt perpetration of a crime; felony (jur.; in the strictly legal
sense, more than a misdemeanor, ‫ﺟﻨﺤـﺔ‬, and an infraction, ‫)ﳐﺎﻟﻔـﺔ‬, capital
offense | ‫ت‬ ‫ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ اﳉﻨﺎ‬maḥkamat al-j. criminal court
252
‫ ﺟﻨـﺎﺋﻲ‬jinā’ī criminal| law ‫( ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬maḥkama) criminal court; ‫اﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮن‬

‫ اﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬criminal law, penal law
‫ ﳎـﲎ‬majnan pl. ‫ ﳎـﺎن‬majānin that which is picked or harvested, a crop;
source of profit or advantage
‫ ﲡـﻦ‬tajannin incrimination, accusation (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.o.); mean way of acting,
low, underhand dealings
‫ ﺟﺎن‬jānin pl. ‫ ﺟﻨﺎة‬junāh perpetrator (of a delict); delinquent, criminal
‫ ﳎﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬majnīy ‘alaih, harmed, injured; aggrieved party; victim of a crime
‫( ﺟﻨﻴﻒ‬Fr. Geneve) žənēf Geneva
‫( ﺟﻨﻴـﻪ‬Engl. guinea) ginēh, also gunaih pl. –āt pound (eg.)| ‫ﺟﻨﻴـﻪ اﳒﻠﻴـﺰي‬
‫))اﺳ ـﱰﻟﻴﲏ‬ pound sterling, English pound; ‫ﺟﻨﻴــﻪ ﻣﺼــﺮي‬ Egyptian pound
(abbreviation: ‫م‬ ‫)ج‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺔ‬see ‫وﺟﻪ‬
‫ ﺟﻬﺒـﺬ‬jahbad pl. ‫ ﺟﻬﺎﺑـﺬة‬jahābida man endowed with a critical mind; great
Confidential
scholar; bright, brilliant, intelligent
‫ ﺟﻬـﺪ‬jahada a (jahd) to endeavor, strive, labor, take pains, put o.s. out; to
over-work, overtax, fatigue, exhaust (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to endeavor, strive; to fight
(‫اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ ‫ ﰱ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ‬for s.th.); t.o wage holy war against the infidels IV to strain,
exert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tire, wear out, fatigue (‫ ه‬s.o.), give trouble (‫ ه‬to)| ‫اﺟﻬـﺪ‬
‫( ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﰱ‬nafsahū) to go to great lengths, go out of one’s way (‫ ﰲ‬for or in
s.th.); ‫ﰱ‬ ‫( اﺟﻬـﺪ ﻓﻜـﺮﻩ‬fikrahū) to concentrate on, put one's mind to, apply o.s.
t.o VIII to put o.s. out (‫ ﰱ‬for s.th.), work hard; (Isl. Law) to formulate an
independent judgment in a legal or theological question (based on the
application of the 4 uṣūl; as opposed to taqlid, q.v.)
‫ ﺟﻬــﺪ‬jahd pl. ‫ ﺟﻬــﻮد‬juḥūd strain; exertion; endeavor, attempt, effort;
trouble, pains (‫ ﰱ‬on behalf or for the sake of s.th.); O voltage, tension
(el.)|‫ﺟﻬـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﻬـﺪ‬ jahada jahdahū, also ‫ﻋﻤــﻞ )ﺣـﺎول( ﺟﻬــﺪﻩ‬ to do (try) one’s
utmost, do (try) all in one’s power, make every conceivable effort; ‫ﺟﻬﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﲜﻬﺪ‬
bi-jahdin jahīdin with great difficulty, by dint of atrenuous efforts; ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺟﻬـﺪ‬
‫ ﺟﻬﻴﺪ‬after a lot of trouble O ‫‘( ﺟﻬﺪ ﻋﺎل‬ālin) high tension (el.)
253
‫ ﺟﻬـﺪ‬juhd strain, exertion; juhda (used prepositionally) to the limit of ...

|‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ‬
‫ ﺟﻬـﺪ‬juhda ṭ-ṭāqa as far as possible, as much as possible; ‫ ﺟﻬـﺪ ﻃﺎﻗﺘـﻪ‬j.
ṭāqatihī as much as he can, to the limit of his abilities; ‫ ﺟﻬـﺪ اﻣﻜﺎﻧـﻪ‬juhda
imkānihī do.; ‫ ﺟﻬـﺪ ﻣـﺎ‬juhda mā as much as. to the limits of what ... ; ‫ﺟﻬـﺪي‬
juhdī as far as I can
‫ ﺟﻬﻴﺪ‬jahīd see ‫ ﺟﻬﺪ‬jahd
‫ ﺟﻬﺎد‬jihād fight, battle; jihad, holy war (against the infidels, as a religious
duty)
‫ ﺟﻬﺎدي‬jihādī fighting, military
‫ ﳎﺎﻫﺪة‬mujāhada fight, battle
‫ اﺟﻬﺎد‬ijhād exertion; overexertion, overstrain(ing)
‫ اﺟﺘﻬــﺎد‬ijtihād effort, exertion, endeavor, pains, trouble; application,
industry, diligence; (Isl. Law) independent judgment in a legal or
theological queetion, based on the interpretation and application of the 4
uṣūl, as opposed to taqlīd, q.v.; individual judgment
‫ ﳎﻬـﻮد‬majhūd pl. -āt endeavor, effort, exertion, pains, trouble, work; O
Confidential
voltage, tension (el.)|‫ﳎﻬﻮداﺗﻪ‬ ‫ ﺑﺬل‬to make every effort, go to greatest lengths
‫ ﳎﺎﻫـﺪ‬mujāhid pl. -ūn fighter, freedom fighter; warrior; sergeant (Eg.
1939)
‫ ﳎﻬـﺪ‬mujhid strenuous, exacting, trying, grueling; -- mujhad overworked,
exhausted
‫ ﳎﺘﻬــﺪ‬mujtahid diligent, industrious; (pl. -ūn) mujtahid, a legist
formulating independcnt decisions in legal or theological matters, based on
the interpretation and application of the four uṣūl, as oppoeed to muqallid,
q.v.
‫ ﺟﻬـﺮ‬jahara a (jahr, ‫ ﺟﻬـﺎر‬jihār) to be brought to light, come out, show,
appear; -- to declare publicly, announce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to avow in public,
proclaim (‫ ب‬s.th.); to raise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the voice); -- jahura u (‫ ﺟﻬـﺎرة‬jahāra) to be
loud, be clearly audible (voice) III to declare or say openly, voice, utter,
express frankly (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﻬـﺮ‬jahr and ‫ ﺟﻬـﺎر‬jihār publicness, publicity, notoriety; ‫ ﺟﻬـﺮا‬jahran and
‫ ﺟﻬﺎرا‬jihāran publicly, in public
‫ ﺟﻬﺮة‬jahratan openly, overtly, frankly, publicly
254
‫ ﺟﻬﺮي‬jahrī notorious, well-known, public

‫ ﺟﻬﲑ‬jahīr loud (voice, shout)
‫ اﺟﻬﺮ‬ajhar2 day-blind
‫ اﺟﻬﺮ‬ajhar2 (elative) louder, more audible
‫ ﲨﻬﺮي‬jahwarī loud (voice)
‫ ﳎﻬﺮ‬mijhar loud-voiced
‫ ﳎﻬﺮ‬mijhar pl. ‫ ﳎﺎﻫﺮ‬majāhir2 microsoope
‫ ﳎﻬﺮى‬mijharī microscopic(al)
‫ ﳎﻬﺎر‬mijhār loud-voiced; O loudspeaker
‫ ﳎﺎﻫﺮة‬mujāhara franknees, candor (of one’s words)
‫ ﺟﻬﺰ‬jahaza a to finish off (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬a wounded man), deliver the coup de grace
to (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬II to make ready, prepare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to arrange (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to provide,
supply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to equip, fit out, furnish, supply, provide (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or
s.o. with) IV to finish off (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬a wounded man), deliver the coup de grace to
Confidential
(‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to finish, ruin (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) V to he equipped, furnished, supplied,
provided; to equip o.s.; to prepare o.s., get ready; to be ready, be prepared
‫ ﺟﻬــﺎز‬jahāz (alas pronounced jihāz) pl. -āt, ‫ اﺟﻬــﺰة‬ajhiza equipment,
appliances, outfit, gear, rig; trousseau; contrivance, gadget; implement,
appliance, utensil; installation, apparatus (techn.); system, apparatus (anat.) |
‫( ﺟﻬﺎز ﻻﺳـﻠﻜﻲ‬lā-silkī) wirelees set, radio; ‫ ﺟﻬـﺎز رادﻳـﻮ‬radio (receiving set); O
‫( ﺟﻬــﺎز ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬mustaqbil), O ‫ﺟﻬــﺎز اﻻﺳــﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬, O ‫ ﺟﻬــﺎز اﻻﻟﺘﻘــﺎط‬receiver,
receiving set (radio); ‫ﻣﺬﻳﻊ‬ ‫( ﺟﻬﺎز‬muḍī‘), O ‫ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻻرﺳﺎل‬j. al-irsāl transmitter
(radio); ‫ ﺟﻬـﺎز ﺗﻠﻴﻔﺰﻳـﻮﱐ‬television set; ‫ ﺟﻬـﺎز اﳊﻔـﺮ‬j. al-ḥafr drilling rig; oil
derrick; ‫( ﺟﻬـﺎز دوري‬daurī) circulatory system (anat.); ‫ﺟﻬـﺎز ﻟﺘﺴـﺠﻴﻞ اﻻﻫﺘـﺰازات‬
‫ اﻻرﺿـﻴﺔ‬or ‫( ﺟﻬـﺎز ﻗﻴــﺎس اﳍـﺰات اﻻرﺿـﻴﺔ‬hazzāt, arḍīya)seismograph; ‫ﺟﻬــﺎز ﺳــﺮي‬
(sirrī) secret organization, underground organization; ‫ ﺟﻬـﺎز اﻻﺳـﺘﻤﺎع‬sound
locator; ‫اﳉﻬــﺎز اﻟﻌﺼـﱯ‬ (‘aṣabī) the nervous system; ‫ ﺟﻬــﺎز اﳍﻀـﻢ‬j. al-haḍm
digestive apparatus
‫ ﲡﻬﻴـﺰ‬tajhīz equipment, furnishment; preparation; pl. ‫ ﲡﻬﻴـﺰات‬equipment,
gear
‫ ﲡﻬﻴﺰي‬tajhīzī preparatory; (of a school) preparing for college
255
‫ ﺟﺎﻫﺰ‬jāhiz ready, prepared; readymade; equipped | ‫ ﺟﺎﻫﺰة )ﻣﻠﺒﻮﺳﺎت‬or) ‫اﻟﺒﺴﺔ‬

(albisa) ready-made clothes
‫ ﳎﻬـﺰ‬mujahhaz equipped, provided, furnished, supplied (‫ ب‬with); armed
(‫ ب‬with guns; of a ship, tank, etc.)
‫ ﺟﻬﺶ‬IV to sob, break into sobs| ‫( اﺟﻬﺶ ﻟﺒﻜﺎء‬bukā’) to be on the verge of
tears, struggle with tears; to break into tears
‫ ﺟﻬﺸﺔ‬jahša (n. vic.) pl. -āt sob; outburst of tears
‫ اﺟﻬﺎش‬ijhāš outburst of tears
‫ ﺟﻬـﺾ‬IV to bear young ones, litter; to have a miscarriage (woman)|
‫( اﺟﻬﻀﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬nafsahā) she induced an abortion
‫ ﺟﻬﺾ‬jihḍ miscarried fetus
‫ ﺟﻬﻴﺾ‬jahīḍ miscarried fetus
‫ اﺟﻬﺎض‬ijhāḍ miscarriage, abortion; induced abortion
‫ ﺟﻬـﻞ‬jahila a (jahl, ‫ ﺟﻬﺎﻟـﺔ‬jahāla) to be ignorant; not to know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
how to do s.th.); to be irrational, foolish; to behave foolishly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward)
Confidential
VI to ignore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to refuse to have anything to do (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), shut one’s
eyes (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), disregard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a fact); to affect ignorance, pretend to know
nothing X to consider ignorant or stupid (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺟﻬﻞ‬jahl and ‫ ﺟﻬﺎﻟـﺔ‬jahāla ignorance; folly, foolishness, stupidity| ‫ﻋـﻦ ﺟﻬـﻞ‬
out of ignorance
‫ ﺟﻬﻮل‬jahūl ignorant; foolish, stupid
‫ ﳎﻬـﻞ‬majhal pl. ‫ ﳎﺎﻫـﻞ‬majāhil2 unknown region, unexplored territory |
‫ ﳎﺎﻫﻞ اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬unknown Africa
‫ ﲡﻬﻴﻞ‬tajhīl stultification
‫ ﲡﺎﻫﻞ‬tajāhul ignoring, disregard(ing)
‫ ﺟﺎﻫـﻞ‬jāhil pl. ‫ ﺟﻬﻠـﺔ‬jahala, ‫ ﺟﻬـﻞ‬juhhal, ‫ ﺟﻬـﺎل‬juhhāl, ‫ ﺟﻬـﻼء‬juhalā’ not
knowing (‫ ب‬s.th., how to do s.th.); ignorant, uneducated, illiterate; foolish;
fool
‫ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻰ‬jāhilī pagan, of or pertaining to pre-Islamic times
‫ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬jāhilīya state of ignorance; pre-Islamic paganism, pre-Islamic times
256
‫ ﳎﻬﻮل‬majhūl unknown; anonymous (also ‫ ﳎﻬـﻮل اﻻﺳـﻢ‬m. al-ism); pl. ‫ﳎﺎﻫﻴـﻞ‬

majāhīl2 unknown things| ‫ﻬﻮل‬ ‫ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ا‬ṣīgat al-m. passive (gram.)
‫ ﳎﻬﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬majhūlīya being unknown, unknown nature
‫ ﺟﻬﻢ‬jahuma u (‫ ﺟﻬﺎﻣﺔ‬jahāma, ‫ ﺟﻬﻮﻣﺔ‬juhūma) to frown, glower V to frown,
scowl, glower; to regard with displeasure (,‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ل‬s.o. or s.th.), frown (‫ﻫ ـ‬
or ‫ ل‬on); to eye gloomily, coolly, grimiy (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.); to become
sullen, gloomy (face)
‫ ﺟﻬﻢ‬jahm sullen, glum, morose, gloomy (face)
‫ ﺟﻬﺎم‬jahām clouds
‫ ﺟﻬﺎﻣﺔ‬jahāma and ‫ ﺟﻬﻮﻣﺔ‬juhūma grim look, sullen expression; gloominoss;
brooding silence
‫ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ‬jahannam2 (f.) hell
‫ ﺟﻬﻨﻤﻲ‬jahannamī hellish, infernal
‫ ﺟﻮ‬jaww pl. ‫ اﺟـﻮاء‬ajwā’, ‫ ﺟـﻮاء‬jiwā’ (pl. frequently with singnlar meaning)
‫ﺟـﻮا‬
Confidential
air; atmosphere (also fig.); sky; weather; sphere, milieu, environment;
jawwan by air; by telegraph, telegraphically|‫اﳉـﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻳـﺪ‬ air mail; ‫ﻃﺒﻘـﺎت اﳉـﻮ‬
ṭabaqāt al-j. air layers; ‫ﳑﻄﺮ‬ ‫( ﰱ ﺟﻮ‬mumṭir) in rainy weather
‫ ﺟــﻮى‬jawwī air, aerial, aero- (in compounds); airy, atmospheric(al);
weather (used attributively), meteorologic(al)|‫اﳉـ ــﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻀـ ــﻐﻂ‬ (ḍagṯ)
atmospheric pressure; ‫ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻃﺒﻘـﺎت‬ṭabaqāt) air layers; ‫( اﺳـﻄﻮل ﺟـﻮي‬usṭūl) air

fleet; ‫ ﻏـﺎرة ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬air raid; ‫( اﻟﻘـﻮات اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬quwāt) air force; ‫ اﳌﻼﺣـﺔ اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬aviation;
‫( ﻣﻴﻨـﺎء ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬mīnā’) airport; ‫ ارﺻـﺎد ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬meteorological observations; ‫ﺣﺠـﺮ ﺟـﻮي‬
(ḥajar) meteorite
‫( ﺟﻮا‬colloq.) jawwā (pronounced gūwa in Eg.) in it, within; inside
‫ ﺟﻮاﱏ‬jawwānī, juwwānī inner, inside, interior
‫ ﺟﻮاﻓﺔ‬guwāfa (eg.) guava (fruit); guavshrub
‫( ﺟﻮال‬eg.) guwāl pl. -āt sack
‫( ﺟﻮاﻧﱵ‬It. guanti; eg.) gloves
1‫( ﺟﻮب‬Fr. jupe) skirt
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2(‫ﺟـﺎب‬ (‫ ﺟـﻮب‬jāba u (jaub) to travel, wander (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through), traverse, roam,

tour, explore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., foreign lands); to pierce, penetrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), cut
through (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to wander, cruise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬about a place) III to answer (‫ ه‬s.‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,.‫خ‬
s.th.), reply, respond (‫ ه‬to s.o.,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.); to comply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), accede (‫ﻫ ـ‬
to) IV to answer (‫ ه‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a question), reply, respond (‫ ه‬or ‫اﱃ‬
to s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.); to comply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with a request), accede, defer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to
hear (‫ ه‬s.o.), accede to the request or wishes of (‫ ;)ه‬to fulfill, grant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
wish); to consent, assent, agree (‫ اﱃ‬to); to concur (‫ اﱃ‬in)|‫ﻃﻠﺒــﻪ‬ ‫اﺟـﺎب اﱃ‬
ṯalabihi) to comply with s.o.’s request VI to reply to one another; to echo ( ,‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ب‬from); to ring out (voices); to be (mutually) corresponding, harmonize; to
be favorahle, propitious (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬to s.o.; situation) VIl to scatter, break up, pass
over (clauds); to be dispelled, disappear, vanish (worries); to fade (darkness)
X ‫ اﺳـﺘﺠﺎب‬to hear, answer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a prayer), grant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a request); to comply with
the request of (‫)ل‬, accede or defer to the wiohes of (‫ ;)ل‬to react (‫ ل‬to); to
Confidential
respond (‫ ل‬to,
meet, answer (‫ل‬

‫ ب‬with), listen, pay attention (‫ ل‬to), show interest (‫ ل‬in); to
‫ ب‬s.o. with), reply (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. with or hy doing s.th.); to
resound, reverberate, re-echo; to resonate (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.), be in resonance
with (phys.); -- ‫ اﺳـﺘﺠﻮب‬istajwaba to interrogate, examine, question (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to hear (‫ ه‬the defendant or witn...); to interpellate (‫ ه‬s.o.; in parliament)

‫ ﺟـﻮب‬jaub travening, touring, exploration (of foreign countries); piercing,
penetration
‫ ﺟﻮﺑﺔ‬jauba pl. -āt, ‫ ﺟﻮب‬juwab opening, gap; hole, pit
‫ ﺟﻮاب‬jawāb pl. ‫ اﺟﻮﺑـﺔ‬ajwiba answer, reply; octave (to a given tone; mus.);
(eg.; pronounced gawāb pl. -āt) letter, message|‫اﻟﺸـﺮط‬ ‫ ﺟـﻮاب‬j. aš-šarṭ, main
clause (conclusion) of a conditional sentence, apodosis
‫ ﺟﻮاﰉ‬jawābī answering (used attributively)
‫ ﺟﻮاب‬jawwāb traverser (of foreign countries), traveler, explorer
‫ اﺟﺎﺑـﺔ‬ijāba answer(ing), reply(ing), response, respondence; compliance;
fulfillment, granting (of a request); accession, consent, assent|‫ﻟﻄﻠـﺒﻜﻢ‬ ‫اﺟﺎﺑـﺔ‬
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ijābatan li-ṭalabikum, in compliance with your request; in answer to your

request
‫ ﲡﺎوب‬tajāwub agreement, conformity; harmony
‫ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬istijāba hearing, answering (of a prayer); granting, fulfillment (of a
request); resonance; consonance (phys.)| ‫اﺳــﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ل‬ istijābatan li in
compliance with, in answer to, in deference to
‫ اﺳـﺘﺠﻮاب‬istijwāb pl. -āt interrogation, questioning; hearing; interview;
interpellation (in parliament)
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﺎوب‬mutajāwib harmonious
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﺠﻴﺐ‬mustajīb hearing, answering, granting; reverberant, resonant,
resonating; responsive, susceptible, impressible
‫( ﺟﻮت‬Engl.) jūt jute
‫ )ﺟﺎح )ﺟﻮح‬jāḥa u and IV to annihilate, destroy, ruin; to flood, inundate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
the land) VIII do.; to carry away, sweep away (‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.; storm); to put
down, subdue, quell (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., a riot)
‫ اﺟﺎﺣﺔ‬destruction, annihilation; crop damage; crop failure, bad harvest
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‫ اﺟﺘﻴﺎح‬ijtiyāḥ destruction, annihilation; subdual, suppression
‫ ﺟﺎﺋﺢ‬jā’iḥ crushing, devastating; disastrous
‫ ﺟﺎﺋﺤـﺔ‬jā’iḥa pl. ‫ ﺟـﻮاﺋﺢ‬jawā’iḥ2 calamity, disaster, ruin; epldemic; crop
damage
‫ ﺟﻮخ‬jūḳ pl. ‫ اﺟﻮاخ‬ajwāḳ broadcloth
‫)ﺟـﺎد )ﺟـﻮد‬ jāda u (‫ ﺟـﻮدة‬jūda) to be or become good, become better,
improve; -- (jūd) to grant generously (‫ ب‬s.th.), be so generous as to do s.th.
(‫ ب‬with verbal noun); to be liberal, openhanded (‫ ب‬with s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward
s.o.), bestow liberally (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.), grant, give lavishly (‫ ب‬of
s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.), shower (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. with); to donate (‫ ب‬a sum of money,
etc.) |‫ ﺟـﺎد ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬to sacrifice o.s.; to give up the ghost; ‫ﺟـﺎدت ﻋﻴﻨـﺎﻩ ﻟـﺪﻣﻊ‬
(‘aināhu bi-d-dam‘) tears welled from his eyes; ‫( ﺟـﺎدت اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء‬heavens
granted rain) it rained II to do well (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make better, improve, better,

ameliorate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to recite (the Koran; cf. ‫)ﲡﻮﻳــﺪ‬ IV to do well, do
excellently (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to master (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be skilled, proficient (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in), be an
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expert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at), be conversant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with an art or field of knowledge); to

accomplish or say good, excellent thing; to achieve excellent results; to be
excellent, outstanding, distinguish o.s. (e.g., as a poet) |‫ﻟﻐـﺔ‬ ‫اﺟـﺎد‬ (lugatan) to
master language; ‫اﺟـﺎد اﻟﻌـﺰف ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺒﻴـﺎﻧﻮ‬ (‘azfa) to play the piano well X to
think (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) good or excellent, approve of (‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to consider (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) suitable
for or appropriate to (‫)ل‬
‫ ﺟﻮد‬jūd openhandedness, liberality, generosity
‫ ﺟﻮد‬jaud heavy rains
‫ ﺟﺎدة‬see under 2‫ﺟﺪ‬
‫ ﺟﻮدة‬jūda goodness, excellence
‫ ﺟﻴـﺪ‬jayyid pl. ‫ ﺟﻴـﺎد‬jiyād good, perfect, faultless; outstanding, excellent,
first-rate; good (as an examination grade); ‫ ﺟﻴـﺪا‬jayyidan well, excellently;
thoroughly | ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫( ﺟﻴﺪ‬jidda) very good (also as an examination grade)
‫ اﺟﻮد‬ajwad2 better ,
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‫ ﺟـﻮاد‬jawād pl. ‫ اﺟـﻮاد‬ajwād, ‫ اﺟــﺎود‬ajāwid2, ‫ اﺟﺎوﻳــﺪ‬ajawīd2, ‫ ﺟــﻮد‬jūd
openhanded, liberal, generous, magnanimous; jawād pl.
ajyād, ‫ اﺟﺎوﻳﺪ‬ajāwīd2 race horse, racer; charger | ‫اﻻﺟﻮاد‬

‫ﺟﻴـﺎد‬
‫اﺑﻦ‬noble man
‫ ﲡﻮﻳـﺪ‬tajwīd art of reciting the Koran, Koran reading (in accordance with
jiyād, ‫اﺟﻴـﺎد‬
established rule, of pronunciation and intonation)

‫ ﳎﻴﺪ‬mujīd adept, efficient, proficient
‫ ﺟﻮدار‬jaudār see ‫( ﺟﺎودار‬alphabetically)
‫ )ﺟـﺎر )ﺟـﻮر‬jāra u (jaur) to deviate, stray (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to commit an outrage
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), bear down (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon), wrong, persecute, oppress, tyrannize (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.o.); to encroach, make inroads (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on another’s territory) III to be the
neighbor of s.o. (‫)ه‬, live next door to (‫ ;)ه‬to be adjacent, be next (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.),
adjoin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be in the immediate vicinity of (‫)ه ﻫ ـ‬, be close to (‫ﻫ ـ‬
,‫;)ه‬
to border (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on) IV to grant asylum or a sanctuary (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to protect (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), take (‫ ه‬s.o.) under one’s wing; to stand by s.o. (‫)ه‬, aid (‫ه‬
s.o.) VI to be neighbors; to be adjacent; to have a common border X to seek
260
protection, seek refuge (‫ ب‬with s.o., ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from s.th.), appeal for aid (‫ ه‬to s.o.,
‫ ﻣﻦ‬against s.th.)
‫ ﺟﻮر‬jaur injustice; oppression, tyranny; outrage
‫ ﺟﺎر‬jār pl. ‫ ﺟﲑان‬jīrān neighbor; refugee; protégé, charge
‫ ﺟﺎرة‬jāra pl. -āt neighboress
‫ ﺟﲑة‬jīra neighborhood
‫ ﺟﻮرة‬jūra pl. ‫ ﺟﻮر‬juwar pit, hole
‫ ﺟﻮرى‬see alphabetically
‫ ﺟـﻮار‬jiwār neighborhood, proximity; ‫ ﲜـﻮار‬in the neighborhood of, in the
vicinity of, near, close to
‫ ﳎﺎورة‬mujāwara neighborhood, proximity
‫ ﺟـﺎﺋﺮ‬jā’ir pl. ‫ ﺟـﻮرة‬jawara, ‫ ﺟـﺎرة‬jāra unjust. unfair; tyrannical, despotic;
tyrant, oppressor, despot
‫ ﳎـﺎور‬mujāwir neighboring, adjacent; near, close by; (pl. -ūn) student (esp.
of Al Azhar University; living in the vicinity of the Mosque)
Confidential
‫ ﺋﻤﺠﲑ‬mujīr protector
‫ ﻣﺘﺠــﺎور‬mutajāwir having a common border; adjoining, adjacent,
contiguous
‫ ﺟﻮرب‬jaurab pl. ‫ ﺟﻮارب‬jawārib2 stocking; sock
‫ ﺟﻮرﺟﻴﺎ‬jorjiyā Georgia (republic of the U.S.S.R.)
1‫ ﺟﻮري‬jūrī damask rose (Rosa damascena, bot.); crimson
2‫( ﺟﻮري‬Engl.) jūrī jury
1(‫ﺟـﺎز‬ (‫ﺟـﻮز‬ jāza u (‫ ﺟـﻮاز‬jawāz, ‫ﳎـﺎز‬ majāz) to pass, come, travel (‫ﻫ ـ‬
through); to pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an examination, a test); to be allowed, permitted,
permissible; to be possible, conceivable; to work, succeed (‫ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬with s.o.;
deceit, artifice) |‫اﳊﻴﻠـﺔ‬‫( ﺟـﺎزت ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ḥīla) the trick worked with him, he fell for
the trick II to permit, allow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to approve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), sanction, warrant,
authorize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to pass (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. or by s.th.), go or walk past s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to
go beyond s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, overstep, cross, leave behind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), also, e.g., ‫ﺟـﺎوز‬
‫‘( اﻟﺜﻼﺛـﲔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌﻤـﺮ‬umr) he is past thirty; to exceed, surpass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pass
261
over s.th. (‫)ﻋﻦ‬, disregard (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.), pay no attention (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to); to let (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.)
go unpunished; to give up, forgo, relinquish (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) IV to traverse, cross
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬on the way to); to permit, allow (‫ ﻫـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to authorize ( ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ل‬s.o. to do s.th., also ‫ ;)ﻫـ ه‬to license (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to approve, confirm, endorse
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a decision, a judgment); to approve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), sanction (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to
tolerate, suffer, bear VI to pass (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. or by s.th.), go or walk past s.th. (‫;)ﻫ ـ‬
to go beyond s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, overstep, cross, leave behind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to exceed,
surpass (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., also ‫ ;)ﻋﻠﻰ‬to go too far, overstep all bounds, encroach, make
inroads; to pass over s.th. (‫)ﻋﻦ‬, disregard (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) pay no attention (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to);
to give up, forgo, relinquish (A s.th.); to refrain from) VIII to pass, run, go
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬through), cut across (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to cross (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a border, a street, a mountain range);
to traverse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a country or sea); to cover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a distance); to pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through

the mind; said of ideas, thoughts); to go (‫ ﻫـ‬through hard times or a crisis); to
surmount, overcome (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a crisis) X to deem permissible (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to ask
Confidential
permission
‫ ﺟﻮز‬jauz pl. ‫ اﺟﻮاز‬ajwāz heart, center (of a desert, of a large area, etc.) | ‫ﰱ‬
‫اﺟﻮاز‬amid, in the middle of, in; ‫( ﰱ اﺟﻮاز اﻟﻔﻀﺎء‬faḍā’) in space
‫ ﺟـﻮاز‬jawāz permissibility, admissibility; lawfulness, legality; permission,
(official) permit, license, authorization; possibility, conceivability; passing
(of an examination) | ‫اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ ﺟﻮاز‬j. as-safar (pl. -āt) (traveling) passport
‫ ﳎـﺎز‬majāz crossing; passage; corridor (pol.-georgr.); metaphor, figurative
expression (rhet.) |‫ ﳎﺎزا‬majāzanl, ‫ﺎز‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ا‬figuratively, metaphorically
‫ ﳎﺎزى‬majāzī figurative, metaphorical
‫ اﺟــﺎزة‬ijāza pl. -āt permission, authorization; approval; license; = Fr.
licence as an academic degree; permit; vacation, leave (of absence) | ‫اﺟـﺎزة‬
‫ اﳊﺼـﺮ‬i. al-ḥaṣr grant of patent, issue of letters patent; patent; ‫اﺟـﺎزة ﻗﻨﺼـﻠﻴﺔ‬
(qunṣulīya) exequatur of a consul (dipl.); ‫( اﺟـﺎزة ﻣﺮﺿـﻴﺔ‬maraḍīya) sick leave;
‫اﻻﺟــﺎزات اﳌﺪرﺳــﻴﺔ‬ (madrasīya) school vacation; ‫ﻏﺎﺋــﺐ ﻻﺟــﺎزة‬ on leave, on
vacation
262
‫ ﳎــﺎوزة‬mujāwaza and ‫ ﲡــﺎوز‬tajāwuz crossing; exceeding; overdraft,

overdrawing (of an account); disregard (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for); relinquishment (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.)
‫ اﺟﺘﻴــﺎز‬ijtiyāz traversing, crossing; passage; transit; covering (of a
distance); passing (of an examination); surmounting (of difficulties)
‫ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ‬jā’iz permitted, lawful, legal; conceivable, thinkable
‫ ﺟــﺎﺋﺰة‬jā’iza pl. ‫ ﺟ ـﻮاﺋﺰ‬jawā’iz2 prize, reward, premium |‫ﺟــﺎﺋﺰة دراﺳــﻴﺔ‬
(dirāsīya) stipend, scholarship
‫ ﳎـﺎز‬mujāz licensed; licentiate (as an academic title, = Fr. licencié; e.g.,
‫ ﳎﺎز ﰱ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬licencié ès sciences)
2 ‫ ﺟﻮز = زوج‬II to give in marriage
‫ ﺟﻮز‬jauz pl. ‫ اﺟﻮاز‬ajwāz = ‫ زوج‬couple

‫( ﳎـﻮز‬syr.; pronounced məžwez, < ‫ ﻣـﺰوج‬muzwaj) wind instrument with a
double pipe, corresponding to the Egyptian zummāra)
3‫ اﳉﻮزاء‬al-jauzā’ Gemini (astron.)
4 ‫ ﺟـﻮز‬jauz (coll.; n. un. ‫ ة‬pl. -āt) walnut |‫اﻟﻄﻴـﺐ‬

‫ ﺟـﻮز‬j. aṭ-ṭīb nutmeg; ‫ﺟـﻮز‬
Confidential
‫ اﻟﻘـﻲء‬j. al-qai’ nux vomioa; ‫ ﺟـﻮز اﳍﻨـﺪ‬j. al-hind, ‫( ﺟـﻮز ﻫﻨـﺪي‬hindī) coconut;
‫ ﺟﻮز اﻟﻘﺰ‬j. alqazz cocoon, chrysalis of the silkworm
‫ ﺟﻮزة‬gōza (eg.) narghile
‫ ﺟﻮزي‬jauzī nut (used attributively and in compounds); nut-brown, hazel
5‫ ﺟﺎز‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺟﻮزل‬jauzal pl. ‫ ﺟﻮازل‬jawāzil2 young pigeon

(‫ﺟـﺎس‬ (‫ ﺟـﻮس‬jāsa u to peer around, pry around, look around (‫ ﺧـﻼل‬kilāla
in); to search, investigate, explore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII to search, investigate,
explore (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟﻮﺳﻖ‬jausaq pl. ‫ ﺟﻮاﺳﻖ‬jawāsiq2 palace; manor, villa
‫ ﺟﻮﻳﻄﺔ‬gawīṭa pl. ‫ ﺟﻮاﺋﻂ‬gawā’iṭ2 (eg.) dowel, peg
‫)ﺟـﺎع )ﺟـﻮع‬ jā‘a u to be hungry; to starve II to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to starve,
starve out, famish (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do.

‫ ﺟﻮع‬jū‘ hunger, starvation |‫ ﻣﺎت ﺟﻮﻋﺎ‬to starve to death
‫ ﺟﻮﻋﺎن‬jau‘ān2, f. ‫ ﺟﻮﻋﻰ‬jau‘ā’, pl. ‫ ﺟﻴﺎع‬jiyā‘ hungry, starved, famished
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‫ ﳎﺎﻋﺔ‬majā‘a pl. -āt famine

‫ ﺟﺎﺋﻊ‬jā’i‘ pl. ‫ ﺟﻴﺎع‬jiyā‘,‫ ﺟﻮع‬juwwa‘ hungry, starved, famished
‫ ﲡﻮﻳﻊ‬tajwī‘ starving out
‫ اﺟﺎﻋﺔ‬ijā‘a starving out
‫ ﺟﻮف‬II to make hollow, hollow out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺟـﻮف‬jauf pl. ‫ اﺟـﻮاف‬ajwāf hollow, cavity; depression; interior, inside,
center, heart; belly, abdomen; north (magr.) |‫ﺟـﻮف‬ ‫ ﰲ‬inside, in the interior
of, in the middle of; ‫( ﰲ ﺟﻮف اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬j. il-lail) or ‫( ﺟﻮف اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬jaufa) in the middle
of the night
‫ ﺟـﻮﰲ‬jaufī inner, interior, inside; subterranean, underground, subsurface
(of geological strata); northern (magr.) | ‫ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ground water
1‫ اﺟـﻮف‬ajwaf2, f. ‫ ﺟﻮﻓـﺎء‬jaufā’, pl. ‫ ﺟـﻮف‬jūf hollow; empty; vain, futile,
inane, pointless, senseless
‫ ﲡﻮﻳﻒ‬tajwīf pl. ‫ ﲡﺎواف‬tajāwīf2, hollow, cavity
‫ ﳎﻮف‬mujawwaf hollowed out, hollow
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‫ ﺟـﻮق‬jauq pl. ‫ اﺟـﻮاق‬ajwāq and ‫ ﺟﻮﻗـﺔ‬jauqa pl. -āt troop, group; theatrical
troupe, operatic company; choir (mus.); orchestra, band (also (‫ﺟﻮﻗـﺔ ﻣﻮﺳـﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ | ﻣـﺪﻳﺮ اﳉـﻮق‬mudīr al-j. conductor, bandleader, choir leader; ‫ ﺟﻮﻗـﺔ اﻟﺸـﺮف‬j.
aš-šaraf Legion of Honor
1‫)ﺟـﻮل‬ ‫ )ﺟـﺎل‬jāla u (jaul, ‫ ﺟﻮﻟـﺔ‬jaula, ‫ ﲡـﻮال‬tajwāl, ‫ ﺟـﻮﻻن‬jawalān) to roam,
rove, wander about; to move freely, be at home (‫ ﰲ‬in a field of learning),
occupy o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬with); to be circulated, go the rounds; to pass (‫ب‬ ,‫ ﰲ‬through
the mind)|‫ﺑﺮأﺳـﻪ‬ ‫ﺟـﺎل‬ to preoccupy s.o., engross s.o.’s attention; ‫ﻣـﺎ ﳚـﻮل ﰲ‬
‫ )ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩ )ﲞﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬what he is preoccupied with, what is on his mind; ‫ﺟﺎل اﻟﺪﻣﻊ ﰲ‬
‫( ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‬dam‘, ‘ainaihi) his eyes swam in tears; ‫( ﺟﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﺪﻩ ﰲ‬yaduhū) he laid his
hands on, he committed defalcations of IV to circulate, pass around (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
|‫اﻟـﺮأي‬ ‫( اﺟـﺎل‬ra’ya) to weigh s.th. thoroughly, ponder s.th.; ‫( اﺟـﺎل اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬naẓara)
to let one’s eyes wander about; to look around V to roam, rove, wander
about, move around; to patrol, go the rounds; to cruise; to tour, travel from
place to place, travel about
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‫ ﺟﻮﻟـﺔ‬jaula pl. -āt circuit, round; patrol; excursion, outing; tour; (round)
trip; voyage, run (of a steamer); (round-trip) flight (of an airplane); round
(in sports)
‫ ﺟـﻮال‬jawwāl wandering, migrant, itinerant, roving; cruising; traveling;
ambulant; traveler, tourist; see also alphabetically | ‫ﺟـﻮال‬ ‫رام‬rāmin jawwāl pl.
‫ رﻣﺎة ﺟﻮاﻟﺔ‬rumāh jawwāla rifleman (mil.; Syr.)
‫ ﺟﻮاﻟـﺔ‬jawwāla one given to roaming or traveling; wanderer, wayfarer; O
motorcycle; cruiser
‫ ﲡ ـﻮال‬tajwāl migration, wandering, roving, traveling; nomadic life,
nomadism
‫ ﺟــﻮﻻن‬jawalān migration, wandering, roving, traveling; nomadic life,
nomadism | ‫اﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ ﺟﻮﻻن‬j. al-yad embezzlement, defalcation
‫ ﳎـﺎل‬majāl pl. -āt room, space (‫ ل‬for s.th.); field, domain, sphere; scope,
extent; reach; range; elbowroom, free scope; play, clearance; field (magn.)| ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫( ﺗﺮك ﳎﺎﻻ ﻟﻠﺸﻚ‬šakk) to admit of no doubt; ‫( ﻻ ﳎﺎل ﻟﻠﻄﻌﻦ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬majālan, ṭa‘n) (it
is) incontestable; ‫ ﰲ ﻫــﺬا ا ــﺎل‬in this connection; ‫ودع ا ــﺎل اﻣﺎﻣــﻪ ﻓﺴــﻴﺤﺎ‬
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(amāmahū) to give s.o. a free hand, wide scope of action; ‫ﳎــﺎل ﺣﻴــﻮي‬
(ḥayawī) lebensraum; ‫ ﳎـﺎل اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬m. al-‘amal field of activity; ‫ﳎـﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴـﻲ‬
(magnaṭīsī) magnetic field; ‫ ﺷﺪة ا ﺎل‬šiddat al-m. field intensity (magn.)
‫ ﲡـﻮل‬tajawwul roaming, roving, wandering, migration; going out, moving
about; patrol, round; (round) trip, tour; traveling | ‫ﻣﻨـﻊ اﻟﺘﺠـﻮل‬ man‘ at-t.
curfew
‫ﺋﻊ ﺟﺎول‬ bā’i‘ jāwil pl. ‫ﺟﺎﺋﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﺔ‬ peddler, hawker
‫ ﻣﺘﺠــﻮل‬mutajawwil wandering, migrant, roaming, roving, itinerant;
ambulant; traveling; traveler |‫ﻣﺘﺠــﻮل‬ ‫وﻛﻴــﻞ‬ traveling salesman; ‫ﺑﻴــﺎع ﻣﺘﺠــﻮل‬
(bayyā‘) peddler, hawker; ‫ﻣﺘﺠﻮل‬ ‫( ﻗﺴﻴﺲ‬qissīs) itinerant preacher
2‫ ﺟﻮال‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺟﻮﻟﻒ‬golf golf (eg.)
‫ ﺟﺎم‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺟﻮن‬jūn pl ‫ اﺟﻮان‬ajwān gulf, inlet, bay
‫ ﺟﻮﻧﻴﻠﺔ‬,‫ ﺟﻮﻧﻼ‬,‫( ﺟﻮﻧﻠﺔ‬It. gonnella)gonella pl. -āt (woman’s) skirt (eg.)
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‫ ﺟﺎﻩ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬II tajauhara to become substance
‫ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ‬jauhar pl. ‫ ﺟﻮاﻫﺮ‬jawāhir2 intrinsic, essential nature, essence; content,
substance (as opposed to form; philos.); matter, substance; atom; jewel,
gem; pl. jewelry |‫واﳉﻮﻫﺮ‬ ‫( اﻟﺰﻳﻒ‬zaif) the spurious and the genuine
‫ ﺟﻮﻫﺮة‬jauhara jewel, gem
‫ ﺟــﻮﻫﺮي‬jauharī substantial; intrinsic, essential, inherent; fundamental,
main, chief, principal; material; jeweler
‫ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﺟﻲ‬jauharjī jeweler
‫ ﳎﻮﻫﺮات‬mugauharāt (eg.) jewelry, trinkets; jewels, gems
1‫ ﺟﻮى‬jawiya a (jawan) to be passionately stirred by love or grief
‫ ﺟﻮى‬jawan ardent love, passion
2‫ ﺟﺎوى‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺟﻮﻳﺪار = ﺟﺎودار‬look up alphabetically

‫ )ﺟـﺎء )ﺟـﻲء‬jā’a ‫ ﳚـﻲء‬yajī’u (‫ ﳎـﻲء‬majī’) to come (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬to); to get (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to),
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reach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a place); to arrive; to bring (‫ ب‬s.th.; ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to bring
forth, produce (‫ ب‬s.th.); to set forth (‫ ب‬s.th.); to do, perform; to commit,

perpetrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to occur, be mentioned, be said (‫ ﰱ‬in an article,
document or book); (with foll. Imperf.) to be about or set out to do s.th. | ‫ﺟﺎء‬
‫ ﰱ ﺟﺮﻳﺪة اﻷﻫﺮام ان‬the newspaper “Al Ahram” reports that ... ; ‫ﺟﺎء ﻣـﻦ رﻳـﺲ ان‬
a report from Paris says that ... ; ‫ﺟـﺎءت ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠـﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘـﺔ ل‬ (muṭābiqatan) its
results coincided with ...
‫ ﺟﻴﺌﺔ‬jī’a, jai’a coming, arrival |‫( ﺟﻴﺌﺔ وذﻫﺎب‬dahāb) coming and going, ‫ذﻫﺐ‬
‫ ﺟﻴﺌﺔ وذﻫﺎ‬to pace the floor, walk up and down
‫ ﳎﻲء‬majī’ coming, arrival, advent
‫ اﳉﺎﺋﻴﺎت‬al-jā’iyāt the things to come
1‫ ﺟﻴﺐ‬jaib pl. ‫ ﺟﻴﻮب‬juyūb breast, bosom, heart; sine (math.); hole, hollow,
cavity, excavation; pocket; purse | ‫(اﳉﻴـﺐ اﳋـﺎص‬ḳaṣṣ) the privy purse; ‫ﲤـﺎم‬
‫اﳉﻴـﺐ‬ tamām al-j., ‫ﺟﻴــﺐ اﻟﺘﻤــﺎم‬ cosine (math.); ‫ﺳــﺎﻋﺔ اﳉﻴــﺐ‬ pocket watch;
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‫ ﻣﺼـﺮوف اﳉﻴـﺐ‬pocket money; ‫( اﳉﻴـﻮب اﻻﻧﻔﻴـﺔ‬anfīya) the nasal sinuses (anat.);

‫ ﺟﻴﻮب اﳌﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬j. al-muqāwama pockets of resistance (mil.)
‫ ﺟﻴﱯ‬jaibī pocket (adj.)
2‫ ﺟﻴﺐ‬jīp, ‫ ﺟﻴﺐ‬jīb and ‫ﺟﻴﺐ‬ ‫ ﺳﻴﺎرة‬sayyārat j. jeep
‫( ﭽﻳﺖ‬ir.) čīt a colorful cotton fabric, chintz
1‫ ﺟﻴﺪ‬jīd pl. ‫ اﺟﻴﺎد‬ajyād, ‫ ﺟﻴﻮد‬juyūd neck
2‫ ﺟﻴﺪ‬jayyid see ‫ﺟﻮد‬
3‫اﺟﻴﺎد‬ ,‫ ﺟﻴﺎد‬see ‫ﺟﻮاد‬jawād

1‫ ﺟﲑ‬jairi surely, truly, verily
2‫ ﺟﲑ‬jīr lime
‫ ﺟﲑ‬jīrī calcareous, lime (adj.)
‫ ﺟﻴﺎر‬jayyār unslaked lime
‫ ﺟﻴﺎرة‬jayyāra limekiln
3‫ ﺟﲑ‬II to endorse (fin.)
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‫( ﺟﲑو‬It. giro) endorsement (fin.)
4‫ﺟﲑان‬ ,‫ ﺟﲑة‬see ‫ﺟﻮر‬
‫ ﺟﻴﺰة‬gīza Giza (city in N Egypt); a brand of Egyptian cotton
‫)ﺟـﺎش )ﺟـﻴﺶ‬ jāša i (‫ ﺟﻴﺸـﺎن‬jayašān) to be excited, be agitated; to rage,
storm; to boil, simmer II to levy troops, mobilize an army X to raise,
mobilize (‫ ﻫـ‬an army, also, e.g., ‫ اﻧﺼﺎرا‬anṣāran followers)
‫ ﺟـﻴﺶ‬jaiš pl. ‫ ﺟﻴـﻮش‬army, troops, armed forces | ‫ ﺟـﻴﺶ اﻻﺣـﺘﻼل‬occupation
forces; ‫ ﺟـﻴﺶ اﺣﺘﻴـﺎﻃﻲ‬army reserve; ‫( ﺟـﻴﺶ ﻣـﺮاﺑﻂ‬murābiṭ) territorial army;
‫ اﻻﻧﻘـﺎذ ﺟـﻴﺶ‬j. al-inqād Salvation Army; ‫ ﺟـﻴﺶ اﳌﺴـﺎء‬al-masā’ dusk, evening
twilight
‫ ﺟﻴــﺎش‬jayyāš agitated, impassioned; excited, boiling up; ebullient;
pleasurably excited, happily stimulated
‫ ﺟﻴﺸﺎن‬jayašān excitement, agitation; raging
‫ )ﺟﺎف )ﺟﻴﻒ‬jāfa i, II and V to be putrid, stink (decaying cadaver)
‫ ﺟﻴﻔﺔ‬jīfa pl. ‫ ﺟﻴﻒ‬jiyaf, ‫ اﺟﻴﺎف‬ajyāf corpse, cadaver
‫ ﭽﻳﻜﻰ‬čīkī Czech
267
‫ ﺟﻴﻞ‬jīl pl. ‫ اﺟﻴﺎل‬ajyāl people, nation, tribe; generation; century; epoch, era
‫( ﺟﻴﻼﰐ‬It. gelati) jēlātī ice cream
‫ ﺟﻴﻢ‬jīm name of the letter ‫ج‬
‫( ﺟﲔ‬Fr. gaine) corselet, sheath corset (eg.)
‫ﺟﻴﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴ ـ ــﺎ‬ jiyogrāfiyā geography | ‫اﳉﻴﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴـ ــﺎ اﻟﺒﺸ ـ ـﺮﻳﺔ‬ (bašarīya)
anthropogeography
‫ ﺟﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰ‬jiyofīziyā geophysics
‫ ﺟﻴـﻮﻓﻴﺰ ﺋﻲ‬jiyofīziyā’ī geophysical | ‫( اﻟﺴـﻨﺔ اﳉﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰ ﺋﻴـﺔ‬sana) the geophysical
year
‫ ﺟﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻘﻲ‬jiyofīzīqī geophysical
‫ ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬jiyolōjiyā geology
‫ ﺟﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬jiyolōjī geologic(al)
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268
‫ح‬
‫ ﺣﺎء‬ḥā’ name of the letter ‫ح‬
‫ ﺣﺎﺧﺎم‬ḥāḳām rabbi|‫ اﳊﺎﺧﺎم اﻻﻛﱪ‬the chief rabbi
‫ ﺣﺆول‬see ‫ﺣﻮل‬
‫ ﺣﺎﻣﻰ‬ḥāmī Hamitic
‫ ﺣﺎن‬and ‫ ﺣﺎﻧﺔ‬see ‫ﺣﲔ‬
‫( ﺣﺎﻧﺒـﺔ‬pronounced ḥamba) pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاﻧـﺐ‬ḥawānib2 (formerly Tun.) hamba,
palace gendarme of the Bey of Tunis
‫ ﺣﺎﻧﻮت‬see ‫ﺣﻨﻮ‬
1‫ ﺣـﺐ‬ḥabba i (ḥubb) to love, like II to evoke (‫ اﱃ‬in s.o.) love or a liking
(‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ ه‬for s.th. or s.o.), make (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.) love or like (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ ه‬s.th. or s.o.); to
endear (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫اﱃ‬ s.th. to s.o.), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) dear, lovable, attractive (‫ اﱃ‬for
s.o.), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) palatable, acceptable (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to urge (‫ﻫ ـ‬

‫ اﱃ‬s.th. on
s.o.), suggest (‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to s.o.) IV (‫ ﺣـﺐ‬ḥubb, ‫ ﳏﺒـﺔ‬maḥabba) to love, like ( ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
‫ه‬ s.o., s.th.); to wish, want, or like, to do s.th. (‫ان‬
should like to ... ; ‫اﺣـﺐ ﻟـﻪ ان‬ to like about s.o.
‫ ان(|اﺣـﺐ‬uḥibbu an I
that he ... ; ‫ﻻ ﳛـﺐ اﳋـﲑ ﻟـﻪ‬
(ḳaira) he doesn’t want him to be happy, he grudges him everything V to
show love, reveal one’s affections (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to endear o. s. (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.),
make o.s. popular, ingratiate o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬with s.o.); to court, woo (‫ اﱃ‬a woman)
VI to love one another X to like (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to deem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) desirable,

recommendable; to prefer (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. to s.th. else)
‫ ﺣــﺐ‬ḥubb love; affection, attachment |‫ﺣــﺐ اﻟــﺬات‬ ḥ. ad-dāt self-love,
amour-propre; ‫ ﺣــﺐ اﻻﺳــﺘﻄﻼع‬curiosity, inquisitiveness; ‫ ﺣــﺐ اﻟــﻮﻃﻦ‬ḥ. al-
waṭan patriotism; ‫( ﺣﺒــﺎ ل‬ḥubban) out of love or affection for, out of
friendship for; ‫ ﺣﺒﺎ ﰲ‬in the desire to …
‫ ﺣــﱯ‬ḥubbī friendly, amicable, loving; ‫ ﺣﺒﻴــﺎ‬ḥubbīyan in an amicable
manner, amicably; by fair means (jur.)
‫ ﺣﺐ‬ḥibb pl. ‫ اﺣﺒﺎب‬aḥbāb darling, dear, dearest (one)
‫ ﺣﺒﺎب‬ḥabāb aim, goal, end
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‫ ﺣﺒﻴـﺐ‬ḥabīb pl. ‫ اﺣﺒـﺎء‬aḥibbā’2, ‫ اﺣﺒـﺔ‬aḥibba, ‫ اﺣﺒـﺎب‬beloved, sweetheart,

lover; darling; dear one, friend; dear (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); popular; ‫اﻻﺣﺒـﺎب‬ the
beloved ones, the dear ones
‫ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ‬labība pl. ‫ ﺣﺒﺎﺋﺐ‬ḥabā’ib2 sweet·heart, darling, beloved woman
‫ اﺣﺐ‬aḥabb2 dearer, more desirable, preferable (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.)
‫ ﺣﺒـﺬا‬ḥabbadā (with foll. Nominative) how nice, how lovely is ... ! how
good, excellent, perfect is …! | ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ ﺣﺒﺬا‬how nice it would be if …; ‫ﺣﺒﺬا اﳊﺎل‬
‫ ﻟـﻮ ﻓﻌـﻞ‬h. l-ḥālu lau fa‘ala it would be nice, or he would do well, if he did it;
‫( ﺣﺒﺬا اﳊﺎل‬ḥālu) that’s just wonderful!
‫ ﳏﺒﺔ‬maḥabba love; affection, attachment |‫ ﳏﺒﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻦ‬m. al-waṭan patriotism
‫ ﲢﺒﺐ‬taḥabbub courtship, wooing
‫ ﲢﺎﺑﺐ‬taḥābub mutual love, concord, harmony
‫ ﳏﺒــﻮب‬maḥbūb beloved; dear; lovable, desirable; popular; favorite;
beloved one, lover; (pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﺑﻴـﺐ‬maḥābīb2) gold piece, sequin (in Ottoman
Confidential
times; eg.)
‫ ﳏﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬maḥbūba sweetheart, darling, beloved woman
‫ ﳏﺒـﺐ‬muḥabbab agreeable, pleasant, desirable, lovable, dear (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.);
nice, likable
‫ ﳏـﺐ‬muḥibb pl. -ūn loving; lover; fancier, amateur, fan; friend |‫ﳏـﺐ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬
philanthropic(al), affable; ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ ﳏﺒﻨﺎ‬our
dear friend; ‫ر‬ ‫ ﳏﺒﻮ اﻵ‬friends of archeology; ‫( ﳏﺐ ﻟﺬاﺗﻪ‬li-datihī) egoist
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺎب‬mutaḥābb loving one another, concordant
‫ ﻣﺴــﺘﺤﺐ‬mustaḥabb (re)commendable, desirable (said of acts whose
neglect is not punished by God, but whose performance is rewarded; Isl.
Law); well-liked, popular
2‫ ﺣـﺐ‬II to produce seed, go to seed (plant); to bear seed (grain); to
granulate, become granulated; to granulate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to produce seed

‫ ﺣـﺐ‬ḥabb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬grains; seed; -- pl. ‫ ﺣﺒـﻮب‬ḥubūb grain, cereals,
corn; seed(s); grains, kernels; granules; pellets; pills, pastilles; berries; acne,
pustules, pimples|‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳـﺰ‬ ‫ ﺣـﺐ‬chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.; bot.); ‫ ﺣـﺐ اﻟﻔﻘـﺪ‬ḥ.
al-faqad chaste tree (Vitex agous castus L.; bot.); croton seeds (seeds of
270
Croton tiglium; bot.); (magr.) cherries; ‫اﳍـﺎل‬

‫ ﺣـﺐ‬ḥ. al-hāl and ( ‫ﺣﺒﻬـﺎن( ﺣـﺐ‬
‫ اﳍﺎن‬ḥ. al-hān cardamom (Amomum cardamomum L.; bot.); ‫ ﺣـﺐ اﻟﻐﻤـﺎم‬ḥ. al-
gamām hail, hail-stones
‫ ﺣﺒـﺔ‬ḥabba (n. un.; see also ‫ ﺣـﺐ‬ḥabb) pl. -āt grain, granule; seed; kernel;
pill, pastille; berry; pustule, pimple; triviality, trille; a square measure (Eg.;
= 58.345 m2); pl. ‫ﺣﺒـﺎت‬ beads (of the rosary)|‫ﺷـﻌﲑ‬ ‫ ﺣﺒـﺔ‬ḥ. ša‘īr a linear
measure (Eg.; = 0.205 cm); ‫( ﺣﺒـﺔ ﺣﻠـﻮة‬ḥulwa) aniseed; ‫( ﺣﺒـﺔ ﺳـﻮداء‬saudā’)
black caraway (Nigella sativa L.; bot.); ‫ ﺣﺒـﺎت اﻟﺮﻣـﺎل‬grains of sand; ‫ﺣﺒـﺔ اﻟﻌـﲔ‬
ḥ. al-‘ain eyeball; pupil (of the eye); ‫ ﺣﺒـﺔ اﻟﻘﻠــﺐ‬ḥ. al-qalb dearest one,
beloved, darling
‫ ﺣﺒﺐ‬ḥabab blister
‫ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ‬ḥubaiba pl. -āt little grain, small kernel; small pimple or pustule
‫ ﺣﺒﻴﱯ‬ḥubaibī granular, granulated| ‫( اﻟﺮﻣﺪ اﳊﺒﻴﱯ‬ramad) trachoma (med.)
‫ ﺣﺒﺤﺐ‬ḥabḥab (coll.) watermelon (hij.)
‫ ﺣﺒﺎﺣﺐ‬ḥubāḥib firefly, glowworm
Confidential
‫ ﺣﺒـﺬ‬II to approve, think wall (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), commend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to applaud,
acclaim, cheer (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺒﺬا‬see 1‫ﺣﺐ‬
‫ ﲢﻴﻴﺬ‬taḥyīd approval; acclamation, acclaim, applause, cheering
‫ ﺣـﱪ‬ḥabara u (ḥabr) to gladden, make happy, delight (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ḥabira a
(‫ ﺣﺒـﻮر‬ḥubūr) to be glad, happy II to embellish, refine, make workmanlike (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to compose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) in elegant style; to write, compose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣـﱪ‬ḥibr ink|‫ ام اﳊـﱪ‬umm al-ḥibr squid, cuttlefish; ‫( ﺣـﱪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ورق‬waraq)
mere ink on paper, of no effect (e.g., an agreement, a treaty)
‫ ﺣـﱪ‬ḥabr, ḥibr pl. ‫ اﺣﺒـﺎر‬aḥbār a non-Muslim religious authority, learned
man, scribe; hishop; rabbi|‫اﻻﻋﻈــﻢ‬ ‫اﳊــﱪ‬ the Pope; ‫ﺳــﻔﺮ اﻻﺣﺒــﺎر‬ sifr al-a.
Leviticus (Old Test.)
‫ ﺣﱪي‬ḥabrī pontifical |‫( ﻗﺪاس ﺣﱪي‬quddās) pontifical mass (Chr.)
‫ ﺣﱪﻳﺔ‬ḥabrīya office or dignity of a bishop, bishopric, pontificate
‫ ﺣﱪة‬ḥabara, ḥibara pl. -āt silken shawl or wrap (worn in public by ladies)
‫ ﺣﺒﺎر‬ḥabār, ḥibār pl. -āt mark, trace (esp. of blows), welt, wale
271
‫ﺣﺒﻮر‬ḥubūr joy
‫ ﺣﺒﺎري‬ḥubārā pl. ‫ ﺣﺒﺎر ت‬ḥubārayāt bustard (zool.)
‫ ﳛﺒﻮر‬yaḥbūr bustard chick (zool.)
‫ ﳏﱪ‬miḥbara, maḥbara pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﺑﺮ‬maḥābir2 inkwell
‫ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ḥabasa i (ḥabs) to obstruct, shut off, confine (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), block,
bar, hold back, check (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from; also tears, laughter, etc.); to withhold
(‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻦ‬from s.o. s.th.); to hold in custody, detain (‫ ه‬s.o.) to apprehend, arrest,
jail, imprison (‫ ه‬s.o.); to keep, keep back, put aside, put away (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.
for); to tie up, invent inalienably (‫ ﻫ ـ‬capital) |‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﺣـﺒﺲ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to devote o.s.
entirely to ... ; ‫ﺣـﺒﺲ ﻳـﺪﻩ ﻋـﻦ‬ (yadahū) to take (s.th.) out from under s.o.’s
power; ‫( ﺣـﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻧﻔﺎﺳـﻪ‬anfāsahū) to make s.o. catch his breath, take s.o.’s
breath away; ‫اﻟﺸـﻐﻞ‬ ‫ ﺣـﺒﺲ ﻣـﻊ‬ḥubisa ma‘a š-šugl he was committed to prison
under hard labor II to tie up inalienably (‫ ﻫ ـ‬funds, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for, esp. for a pious
purpose), make a religious bequest (‫ﻫ ـ‬, for the benefit of ‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬VII to be held
Confidential
back, be held up, stop, be interrupted, intermit; to restrain o.s., hold back
VIII to block, obstruct, bar, confine (‫ه‬
custody (‫ه‬
,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to detain, hold in
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to hold back, retain, suppress (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
be detained, held up; to be impeded, held back; to falter, break, fail (voice),
stop (breath)
‫ ﺣــﺒﺲ‬ḥabs (act of) holding or keeping back, obstruction, check,
repression; blocking off, barring, confinement; damming up, staving off;
safekeeping, custody, retention; imprisonment, arrest, detention, jailing; (pl.
‫ﺣﺒــﻮس‬ ḥubūs) prison, jail |‫اﺣﺘﻴــﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﺣــﺒﺲ‬ (iḥtiyāṭī) detention (pending
investigation); ‫( ﺣـﺒﺲ اﻧﻔـﺮادي‬infirādī) solitary confinement; ‫ ﺣـﺒﺲ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ‬penal
servitude
‫ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ḥibs pl. ‫ اﺣﺒﺎس‬dam, weir, barrage
‫ ﺣـﺒﺲ‬ḥubs, ḥubūs pl. ‫ اﺣﺒـﺎس‬aḥbās (Tun., Alg. Mor. = waqf) inalienable
property the yield of which is devoted to pious purposes, religious bequest,
(Fr. jur.) “habous”|‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫‘( ﺣﺒﺲ‬āmm) public habous, ‫( ﺣـﺒﺲ ﺧـﺎص‬ḳaṣṣ) private
habous; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ )ﻛﺎن ﺣﺒﺴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ) = ﻛﺎن وﻗﻔﺎ‬to be entirely dependent on …
‫ ﺣﺒﺴﺔ‬ḥubsa speech defect, impediment of speech
272
‫ ﺣﺒـﻴﺲ‬ḥabīs blocked-off, shut-off, barred, confined, locked-up; secluded;

bated (breath); choking (voice); (pl. ‫ ﺣﺒﺴﺎء‬ḥubasā’2) hermit
‫ ﳏـﺒﺲ‬maḥbas, maḥbis pl. ‫ ﳏـﺎﺑﺲ‬maḥābis2 place where s.th. is confined or
locked up; jail, prison; (prison) cell
‫ ﳏﺒﺲ‬miḥbas device for shutting off or blocking off
‫ ﳏﺒﺴﺔ‬maḥbasa hermitage
‫ اﳓﺒﺎس‬inḥibās seclusion, confinement; stoppage, interruption; cessation
‫ اﺣﺘﺒـﺎس‬iḥtibās retention, restraint; inhibition, impediment, obstruction,
stoppage |‫اﻟﺒﻮل‬ ‫ اﺣﺘﺒﺎس‬iḥtibās al-baul suppression of urine, ischuria
‫ ﳏﺒــﻮس‬maḥbūs shut-off (from the outside world), isolated, secluded,
confined, locked-up; imprisoned, captive; tied-up (funds); (pl. ‫ﳏــﺎﺑﺲ‬
maḥābis2) prisoner, prison inmate, convict
‫ ﳏﺒﺲ‬muḥabbis donor of a habous (see ‫ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ḥubs)
‫ اﶈﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬al-muḥabbas ‘alaihi beneficiary of a habous (see ‫ ﺣﺒﺲ‬ḥubs)
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﺒﺲ‬munhabis secluded, shut-off
Confidential
‫ اﳊﺒﺶ‬al-ḥabaš Abyssinia, Ethiopia; (pl. ‫ اﻻﺣﺒﺎش‬al-aḥbāš) the Abyssinians,
Ethiopians
‫ اﳊﺒﺸﺔ‬al-ḥabaša (and ‫ )ﺑﻼد اﳊﺒﺶ‬Abyssinia, Ethiopia
‫ اﳊﺒﺸﻲ‬ḥabašī pl. ‫ اﺣﺒﺎش‬aḥbāš Abyssinian, Ethiopian
‫ ﺣــﺒﻂ‬ḥabaṭa i (‫( ﺣﺒــﻮط‬ḥubūṭ) and ḥabiṭa a to come to nothing, fail,
miscarry, go wrong; to be futile, be of no avail, be lost IV to frustrate,
thwart, foil, defeat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬ in s.th. s.o.; negotiations, efforts, an
attempt, etc.)
‫ ﺣﺒﻂ‬ḥabaṭ scar of a wound, wale, welt
‫ ﺣﺒﻮط‬ḥubūṭ futility, failure
‫ اﺣﺒﺎط‬aḥbāṭ frustration, thwarting, foiling
‫ ﺣﺒـﻖ‬ḥabaq basil (bot.); (eg.) a variety of speedwell (Veronica anagallis
aquatica L.)
‫ ﺣﺒـﻚ‬ḥabaka i u (ḥabk) to weave well and tight (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to braid, plait (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to twist, twine, tighten (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to knit (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to devise, contrive (‫ﻫـ‬
a plan, a plot) II to twist, twine, tighten (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) to fasten (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
273
‫ ﺣﺒﻜﺔ‬ḥabka fabric, tissue; texture, structure

‫ ﺣﺒﻚ‬ḥubuk: p. ‫ ﺣﺒﻚ اﻟﻨﺠﻮم‬ḥ. an-nujūm the orbits of the celestial bodies
‫ ﺣﺒﺎﻛﺔ‬ḥibāka weavers trade, weaving
‫ ﳏﺒﻮك‬maḥbūk tightly woven; tight, taut; sturdy, strong, robust, husky
‫ ﳏﺘﺒﻚ‬muḥtabik interwoven, intersecting
1‫ ﺣﺒﻞ‬VIII to ensnare, catch in a snare (‫ه‬ , ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺒـﻞ‬ḥabl pl. ‫ ﺣﺒـﺎل‬ḥibāl, ‫ اﺣﺒـﻞ‬aḥbul, ‫ ﺣﺒـﻮل‬ḥubūl, ‫ اﺣﺒـﺎل‬aḥbāl rope, cable,
hawser; cord, string, thread; (pl. ‫ ﺣﺒـﺎل‬ḥibāl) beam, ray (e.g., of the sun, of
light), jet (e.g., of water); vein; sinew, tendon |‫ ﺣﺒـﻞ اﻟﻮرﻳـﺪ‬jugular vein; ‫اﳊﺒـﻞ‬
‫( اﻟﺴـﺮي‬surrī) umbilical cord; ‫( اﳊﺒـﻞ اﻟﺸـﻮﻛﻲ‬šaukī) spine; ‫( ﺣﺒـﺎل ﺻـﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬ṣautīya)
vocal cords; ‫اﳌﺴـﺎﻛﲔ‬ ‫ ﺣﺒـﻞ‬ivy (bot.); ‫ ﺣﺒـﺎل اﳌـﺎء‬jets of water; ‫اﻟﻘـﻰ )اﻃﻠـﻖ( اﳊﺒـﻞ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻐﺎرب‬alqā (aṭlaqa) l-ḥabla ‘alā l-gārib to let things go, slacken the reins,
give a free hand, impose no restraint; ‫ ارﲣـﺎء اﳊﺒـﻞ‬slackening of the reins,
‫اﺿــﻄﺮب ﺣﺒﻠــﻪ‬ iḍṭraba ḥabluhū to get into a state of
Confidential
yielding; relenting;
disorder, of disorganization, of disintegration, get out of control; ‫ﺗﻌـﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫اﳊﺒﻠﲔ‬ (la‘iba, ḥablain) to play a double game, work both side, of the street
‫ اﺣﺒﻮﻟـﺔ‬uḥbūla pl. ‫ اﺣﺎﺑﻴـﻞ‬aḥābīl2 snare, net; rope with a noose; pl. ‫اﺣﺎﺑﻴـﻞ‬
tricks, wiles, artifices, stratagems (in order to get s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺒﺎﻟﺔ‬ḥibāla pl. ‫ ﺣﺒﺎﺋﻞ‬ḥabā’il2 snare, net
‫ ﺣﺎﺑـﻞ‬ḥābil: ‫( اﺧـﺘﻠﻂ اﳊﺎﺑـﻞ ﻟﻨﺎﺑـﻞ‬iḳtalaṭa) everything became confused, got
into a state of utter confusion; ‫ﺑﻠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ ﺣﺎﺑﻞ و‬all together, all in a medley
2‫ ﺣﺒﻞ‬ḥlabila a (ḥabal) to be or become pregnant, conceive and IV to make
pregnant ( ‫ﻫﺎ‬a woman)

‫ ﺣﺒﻞ‬ḥabal conception; pregnancy
‫ ﺣﺒﻠﻰ‬ḥublā pl. ‫ ﺣﺒﺎﱃ‬ḥabālā and ‫ ﺣﺒﻼﻧﺔ‬ḥablāna pregnant
‫ ﺣﱭ‬ḥabana dropsy
‫ﺣﺒﻬـﺎن )ﺣﺒـﺐ اﳍـﺎن‬ ḥabb al-hān) cardamom (Amomum cardamomum L.;
bot.)
274
‫ )ﺣﺒـﺎ )ﺣﺒـﻮ‬ḥabā u (ḥabw) to crawl, creep: to present (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. with s.th.),

give, award (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) III to be obliging (‫ ه‬to s.o.), show one’s good
will (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to favor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to side (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be partial (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to show respect, deference (‫ ه‬to s.o.) VIII to sit with one’s legs drawn
up and wrapped in one's garment
‫ ﺣﺒﻮة‬ḥibwa, ḥubwa, ḥabwa gift, present
‫ ﺣﺒﺎء‬ḥibā’ gift, present
‫ ﳏ ــﺎ ة‬muḥābāh obligingness complaisance, courtesy; favor(ing),
favoritism, partiality
‫ ﺣﺖ‬ḥatta u (ḥatt) to rub off, scrape off, scratch off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺘﺔ‬ḥitta pl. ḥitat (eg.) piece, bit, morsel
‫ ﺣﱴ‬ḥattā (prep.) until, till, up to, as far as; (conj.; with perf.) until, so that;
(with subj.) until, that, so that, in order that; --(particle) even, eventually
even; and even; ‫ﻟـﻮ‬ ‫ ﺣﱴ‬even if; (with preceding negation) not even, and be it
only…
‫ ﺣﺘﺎت‬ḥutāt scraps; morsels, crumbs
Confidential
‫ ﲢﺎت‬taḥāt corrosion
‫ ﺣﺘﺪ‬ḥatida a (ḥatad) to be of pure origin
‫ ﳏﺘﺪ‬maḥtid descent, origin, lineage
‫ ﺣﱰة‬ḥutra small piece, bit, trifle
‫ ﺣﺘﺎر‬ḥitār pl. ‫ ﺣﱰ‬ḥutur border, edge, fringe, surroundings, vicinity
‫ ﺣﺘﻒ‬ḥatf pl. ‫ ﺣﺘﻮف‬ḥutūf death |‫ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ )ﻳﺴﻌﻰ اﱃ( ﺣﺘﻔﻪ ﺑﻈﻠﻔﻪ‬yabḥatu ‘an
(yas‘ā ilā) ḥatfihī bi-ẓilfihī he brings about his own destruction, digs his own
grave; ‫اﻧﻔﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣﺎت ﺣﺘﻒ‬māta ḥatfa anfihī he died a natural death
‫ ﺣـﺘﻢ‬ḥatama i (ḥatm) to decree, make necessary, prescribe (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. for
s.o.), make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) a duty, a necessity (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.); to impose, enjoin ( ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. upon s.o.); to decide, determine definitely (‫ ب‬s.th.) II to decree,
make necessary, prescribe (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th. for s.o.), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) a duty, a
necessity (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.) V to be necessary; to be s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬duty, be

incumbent (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.o.)
275
‫ ﺣﺘﻢ‬ḥatm pl. ‫ ﺣﺘﻮم‬ḥutūm imposition, injunction; final decision, resolution,

determination; ‫ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬ḥatman decidedly, definitely, neceaoarily, inevitably
‫ ﺣﺘﻤـﻲ‬ḥatmī decided, definite, final, conclusive, definitive, unalterable,
irrevocable, inevitable
‫ ﺣﺘﻤﻴـﺔ‬ḥatmīya decidedness, definiteness, definitiveness, determinateness,
unalterableness; necessity
‫ ﻻ ﺣﺘﻤﻴﺔ‬lā-ḥatmīya indeterminism (philos.)
‫ ﳏﺘــﻮم‬maḥtūm imposed, enjoined, obligatory; determined, definitive,
determinate, unalterable, ineviroble; destined, predestined, ordained (fate)
‫ ﳏــﺘﻢ‬muḥattam imposed, enjoined, obligatory; determined, definitive,
determinate, unalterable, inevitable; destined, predeotined, ordained (fate)
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺘﻢ‬mutaḥattim absolutely necessary; imperative (duty)
‫ ﺣﱴ‬see ‫ﺣﺖ‬
1‫ ﺣـﺚ‬ḥatta u (ḥatt) to urge, incite, prompt, goad, spur on, egg on, prod,
provoke, impel (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.) |‫( ﺣﺚ ﺧﻄﺎﻩ‬ḳuṭāhū) to quicken one’s

pace, hurry (‫ اﱃ‬to a place); ‫( ﺣـﺚ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬ṭarīqa) to hurry, hasten; ‫ﺣـﺚ ﻗﺪﻣﻴـﻪ‬
Confidential
(qadamaihi) to quicken one’s pace, break into a run VIII and X = I
‫ ﺣﺜﻴﺚ‬ḥatīt quick, rapid, quick
‫ ﺣﺎﺛﺔ‬ḥātta hormone
2‫ ﺣﺜﻲ‬ḥittī Hittite (n. and adj.)
‫ ﺣﺜﺎﻟﺔ‬ḥutāla dregs, lees, sediment; scum (fig.); offal, discard, scraps | ‫ﺣﺜﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ اﳊﺮﻳﺮ‬silk combings
‫ )ﺣﺜﺎ )ﺣﺜﻮ‬ḥatā u (ḥatw) to strew, scatter, spread, disperse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣـﺞ‬ḥajja u to overcome, defeat (‫ ه‬s.o., with arguments, with evidence),
confute (‫ ه‬s.o.); to convince (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- (ḥajj) to make the pilgrimage (to
Mecca), perform the hadj III to dispute, debate, argue, reason (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
VI to argue against each other, carry on a dispute, to debate; to take counsel
VIII to advance (‫ ب‬s.th.) as an argument, plea, excuse, or pretext; to allege
in support or vindication, plead (‫ ب‬s.th.); to vindicate, justify (‫ ل‬s.th.); to

protect, remonstrate (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against), object, raise objections (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
276
‫ ﺣـﺞ‬ḥajj and ‫ ﺣﺠـﺔ‬ḥijja pl. -āt, ‫ ﺣﺠـﺞ‬ḥijaj pilgrimage; hadj, the official
Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca |‫ ذو اﳊﺠﺔ‬dū l-ḥijja Zu’lhijjah, the last month of
the Islamic calendar
‫ ﺣﺠــﺔ‬ḥujja pl. ‫ ﺣﺠــﺞ‬ḥūjaj argument; pretense, pretext, plea; proof,
evidence; document, writ, deed, record; authority |‫ان‬ ‫ﲝﺠــﺔ‬ under the
pretense that …, on the plea … on the pretext of …
‫ ﺣﺠﺎج‬ḥajāj pl. ‫ اﺣﺠﺔ‬aḥijja circumorbital ring (anat.)
‫ ﳏﺞ‬maḥajj destination (of a journey)
‫ ﳏﺠـﺔ‬maḥajja pl. ‫ ﳏـﺎج‬maḥājj2 destination of a pilgrimage, object of
pilgrimage, shrine; destination (of s journey); goal; road; way; procedure,
method | ‫ ﳏﺠـﺔ اﻟﺼـﻮاب‬m. aṣ-ṣawāb the Right Way, the Straight Path; ‫ﳏﺠـﺔ‬
‫ اﳊﺪﻳﺪ‬railroad
‫ ﺣﺠﺎج‬ḥijāj argument, dispute, debate
‫ ﲢﺠـﺞ‬taḥajjuj argumentation, pleading, offering of a pretext, pretense,
excuse
Confidential
‫ اﺣﺘﺠــﺎج‬iḥtijāj pl. -āt argumentation; pretext, excuse, plea, pretense;
protest, remonstrance (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against), objection, exception (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
‫ ﺣـﺎج‬ḥājj pl. ‫ ﺣﺠـﺎج‬ḥujjāj, ‫ ﺣﺠـﻴﺞ‬ḥajīj pilgrim; hadji, Mecca pilgrim,

honorific title of one who has performed the pilgrimage to Mecca
‫ ﺣﺠـﺐ‬ḥajaba u (ḥajb) to veil, cover, screen, shelter, seclude (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
from); to hide, obscure (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. from s.th. else, e.g., from sight); to
eclipse, outshine, overshadow (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make imperceptible, invisible ( ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); to conceal (‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to make or form a separation
(‫ وﺑﲔ‬-- ‫ ﺑﲔ‬between – and) II to veil, hide, conceal; to hide from sight, keep
in seclusion (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a woman); to disguise, mask (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with) V to conceal
o.s. hide (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), flee from sight, veil o.s. VII to veil o.s., conceal o.s.; to
be covered up, become hidden be obscured VIII to vanish, become invisible,
disappear from sight; to veil conceal (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬hide; to become hidden, be
concealed (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to withdraw; to elude perception; to ease or interrupt
publication (newspaper, periodical)
‫ ﺣﺠﺐ‬ḥajb seclusion; screening off; keeping away, keeping off
277
‫ ﺣﺠـﺎب‬ḥijāb pl. ‫ ﺣﺠـﺐ‬ḥujub, ‫ اﺣﺠﺒـﺔ‬aḥjiba cover, wrap, drape; curtain;

woman’s veil; screen, partition, folding screen; barrier, bar; diaphragm (also
‫ ;اﳊﺠﺎب اﳊﺎﺟﺰ‬anat.); amulet
‫ ﺣﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬ḥijāba office of gatekeeper
‫ اﺣﺘﺠـﺎب‬iḥtijāb concealment, hiddenness, seclusion; veiledness, veiling,
purdah
‫ ﺣﺎﺟـﺐ‬ḥājib concealing, screening, protecting; (pl. ‫ ﺣﺠـﺎب‬ḥujjāb, ‫ﺣﺠﺒـﺔ‬
ḥajaba) doorman, gatekeeper; chamberlain; orderly (Syr., mil.); (pl. ‫ﺣﻮاﺟـﺐ‬
ḥawājib2) eyebrow |‫اﳍﻮاء‬ ‫ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ‬ḥ. al-hawā’ airtight, hermetic
‫ ﳏﺠﻮب‬maḥjūb concealed, hidden, veiled
1‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ‬ḥajara u (ḥajr, ḥijr, ḥujr, ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮان‬ḥijrān, ḥujrān) to deny access (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
to s.o.); to stop, detain, hinder (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to forbid, interdict (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th.
to s.o.), prohibit (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) from doing s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to place (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) under
guardianship, declare (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) legally incompetent
Confidential
‫ ﺣﺠــﺮ‬ḥajr restriction, curb(ing), check(ing), obstruction, impeding,
limitation, curtailing (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.); barring, closing, debarment, preclusion;
detention; blocking, confinement, containment, suppression (as a protective
measure); interdiction, prohibition, ban; revocation, or limitation, of s.o.’s
(‫ )ﻋﻠﻰ‬legal competence |‫( ﺣﺠﺮﺻﺤﻲ‬ṣiḥḥī) quarantine
‫( ﺣﺠـﺮ‬ḥijr forbidden, interdicted, prohibited; lap; (pl. ‫ اﺣﺠـﺎر‬aḥjār, ‫ﺣﺠـﻮر‬

ḥujūr, ‫ ﺣﺠﻮرة‬ḥujūra) mare
‫ ﺣﺠـﺮة‬ḥujra pl. ḥujarāt, ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ‬ḥujar room; cell; (railroad) compartment;

chamber |‫اﻻﻧﺘﻈـﺎر‬ ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮة‬waiting room; ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮة اﻟﻨـﻮم‬ḥ. an-naum bedroom; ‫اﳊﺠـﺮة‬
‫( اﻟﻔﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬fallāḥīya) chamber of agriculture
‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ‬maḥjar pl. ‫ ﳏـﺎﺟﺮ‬maḥājir2 military hospital, infirmary; prison, jail,
dungeon |‫ﺻﺤﻲ‬ ‫( ﳏﺠﺮ‬ṣiḥḥī) quarantine, quarantine station
‫ ﺣﺠﺮ‬maḥjir, miḥjar, maḥjar pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﺟﺮ‬maḥājir2 (=‫ﳏﺠﺮ اﻟﻌﲔ‬ m. al-‘ain) eye
socket; see also below
‫ ﲢﺠﲑ‬taḥjīr interdiction, prohibition, ban; see also below
‫ ﳏﺠــﻮر‬maḥjūr pl. ‫ ﳏــﺎﺟﺮ‬maḥājir2 (and ‫ )ﳏﺠــﻮر ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ‬one placed under
guardianship; minor; ward, charge
278
2‫ ﺣﺠﺮ‬II to petrify, turn into stone (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make hard as stone (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
V to turn to stone, petrify, become petrified
‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ‬ḥajar pl. ‫ اﺣﺠـﺎر‬aḥjār, ‫ ﺣﺠـﺎرة‬ḥijāra, ‫ ﺣﺠـﺎر‬ḥijār stone; weight (placed
as an equipoise on the scale of a balance) |‫اﻻﺳﺎﺳــﻲ‬ ‫اﳊﺠــﺮ‬ (asāsī) the
foundation stone, cornerstone, ‫وﺿــﻊ اﳊﺠــﺮ اﻻﺳﺎﺳــﻲ‬ (waḍ‘) laying of the
cornerstone; ‫ﺣﺠـﺮ اﻟـﺒﻼط‬ ḥ. al-balāṭ flagstone, paving stone; ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ ﺟﻬـﻨﻢ‬ḥ.
jahannam lunar caustic, silver nitrate; ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ اﳉـﲑ‬ḥ. al-jīr limestone; ‫اﳊﺠـﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎﻗﻲ‬or ‫( ﺣﺠـﺮ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎﻗﻲ‬summāqī) porphyry; ‫( اﳊﺠـﺮ اﻻﺳـﻮد‬aswad) the Black
Stone (of the Kaaba); ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ اﻟﺸـﺎدﻧﺔ‬hematite (min.); ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ اﻟﻌﺜـﺮة‬ḥ. al-‘atra
stumbling block; ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ اﻟﻔﻼﺳـﻔﺔ‬philosopher’s stone; O ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ اﻟﻘﻤـﺮ‬ḥ. al-qamar
selenite; ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ ﻛـﺮﱘ‬and ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ ﲦـﲔ‬precious stone, gem; ‫( ﻃﺒـﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳊﺠـﺮ‬tab‘)
lithograph; ‫اﳊﺠﺮ‬ ‫ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬Lithography

‫ ﺣﺠـﺮي‬ḥajarī stony, stone (adj.) |‫‘( اﻟﻌﺼـﺮ اﳊﺠـﺮي‬aṣr) the Stone Age; ‫اﻟﻌﺼـﺮ‬
‫ اﳊﺠﺮي اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬the Neolithic period; ‫ اﻟﻌﺼﺮ اﳊﺠﺮي اﻟﻘﺪﱘ‬the Paleolithic period
Confidential
‫ ﺣﺠﲑ‬ḥajīr stony, petrified
‫ ﺣﺠﺎر‬ḥajjār stone mason, stone cutter
‫ ﳏﺠﺮ‬maḥjir pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﺟﺮ‬maḥājir2 (stone) quarry
‫ ﲢﺠﲑ‬taḥjīr petrification; stone quarrying
‫ ﲢﺠﺮ‬taḥajjur petrification
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬mutaḥajjir petrified
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺠﺮ‬mustaḥjir petrified
‫ ﺣﺠـﺪز‬ḥajaza u i (ḥajz) to hold back, restrain, hinder, prevent (‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
from); to keep away (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. from); to block (off), close, bar; to isolate,
insulate, confine, seclude; to make inaccessible; to set apart; to separate (‫ﺑـﲔ‬
two things); to arrest, detain; to seize, sequester, impound (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
e.g., s.o.’s property, salary); to confiscate, safeguard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to reserve (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.); to make a reservation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for a. theater seat, a steamer cabin, a ticket,
etc.) VIII to retain for o.s., reserve to o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
279
‫ ﺣﺠــﺰ‬ḥajz curbing, prevention, restraint; seclusion, confinement,

containment, isolation, insulation, separation; arrest, detention, seizure,
confiscation, sequestration (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.); reservation (of seats) |‫اﳊﺮﻳـﺔ‬‫ ﺣﺠـﺰ‬ḥ
al-ḥurrīya deprivation of liberty, unlawful detention duress (jur.); ‫اﻟﻘـﻰ اﳊﺠـﺮ‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ‬alqā) to confiscate s.th.
‫ اﳊﺠﺎز‬al-ḥijāz Hejaz, region in W Arabia, on the Red Sea coast
‫ ﺣﺠﺎزي‬ḥijāzī of or pertaining to Hejaz; pl. -ūn) an inhabitant of Hejaz
‫ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ‬ḥājiz and ‫ ﺣﺎﺟﺰة‬pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ‬ḥawājiz2 obstacle, hindrance, impediment,
obstruction; partition, screen, dividing wall j block, blockade, road block;
fence, gate, railing, balustrade; hurdle; bar, barrier; barricade | ‫اﳊـﺎﺟﺰ‬ ‫اﳊﺠـﺎب‬
diaphragm (anat.); O ‫ﺣــﺎﺟﺰ اﻻﻣ ـﻮاج‬ ‫)اﳊ ـﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﻘﻤﺮﻗﻴــﺔ )اﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴــﺔ‬
breakwater;
(qumruqīya, gumrukīya) customs barriers; O ‫ ﺣﺎﺟﺰة اﻟﺼﻮاﻋﻖ‬lightning rod
‫ ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ‬muwaẓẓaf ḥājiz approx.: bailiff
1 ‫ﳏﺎﺟﻔﺔ‬muḥājafa singlestick fencing
Confidential
2 ‫اﺣﺠﺎف‬iḥjāf = ‫اﺟﺤﺎف‬
‫ ﺣﺠﻞ‬ḥajala u i (ḥajl, ‫ ﺣﺠﻼن‬ḥajalān) to hop, leap; to skip, gambol
‫ ﺣﺠﻞ‬ḥajl, ḥijl pl. ‫ ﺣﺠﻮل‬ḥujūl, ‫ اﺣﺠﺎل‬aḥjāl anklet
‫ ﺣﺠــﻞ‬ḥajal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺣﺠــﻼن‬ḥajlān, ‫ ﺣﺠﻠــﻰ‬ḥijlā partridge;
mountain partridge, mountain quail
‫ ﺣﺠﻞ‬ḥajala pl. ‫ ﺣﺠﺎل‬ḥijāl curtained canopy, or alcove, for the bride | ‫ر ط‬
‫ اﳊﺠﺎل‬rabbāṭ al-ḥ. the ladies
‫ ﻟﻌﺒﺔ اﳊﺠﻠﺔ‬la‘bat al-ḥajala hopscotch
‫ ﳏﺠـﻞ‬muḥajjal wearing anklets (woman); white-footed (horse); bright,
brilliant, radiant; unique, singular, esp. in the phrase ‫ﳏﺠﻞ‬ ‫( أﻏﺮ‬agarr2)
‫ ﺣﺠﻢ‬ḥajama u (ḥajm) to cup (‫ ه‬s.o.; med.) IV to recoil, shrink, flinch (‫ﻋﻦ‬
from); to desist, abstain, refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), forbear (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to withdraw,
retreat
‫ ﺣﺠـﻢ‬ḥajm pl. ‫ ﺣﺠـﻮم‬ḥujūm, ‫ اﺣﺠـﺎم‬aḥjām bulk, size, volume; caliber (of a
cannon) |‫اﳊﺠﻢ‬ ‫ ﻛﺒﲑ‬bulky, sizable, massive
‫ ﺣﺠﺎم‬ḥajjām cupper
280
‫ ﺣﺠﺎﻣﺔ‬ḥijāma cupping, scarification, art of cupping

‫ ﳏﺠﻢ‬miḥjam, m‫ ﳏﺠﻢ‬miḥjama pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﺟﻢ‬maḥājim2 cupping glass
‫ اﺣﺠﺎم‬iḥjām desistance, abstention; restraint, aloofness, reserve
‫ ﺣﺠﻦ‬ḥajana i (ḥajn) to bend, curve, crook (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII to snatch up, grab
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) take hold (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.)
‫ اﺣﺠﻦ‬aḥjan2 curved, crooked, bent
‫ ﳏﺠﻦ‬miḥjan pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﺟﻦ‬maḥājin2 staff or stick with a crooked end, crosier;
hook
‫)ﺣﺠـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﲑا )ﺣﺠـﻮ‬ ḥajā bihī ḳairan to think well of s.o., have a good
opinion of s.o. III to propose a riddle (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to speak in riddles, be

enigmatic
‫ ﺣﺠــﻰ‬, ‫ﺣﺠــﺎ‬ ḥijan pl. ‫اﺣﺠــﺎء‬ aḥjā’ intellect, brains, understanding,
discernment, acumen, sagacity, wit, intelligence
‫ ﺣﺠﻲ‬ḥajiy appropriate, suitable, proper (‫ ب‬for)
‫ اﺣﺠـﻰ‬aḥjā more appropriate, more suitable, more proper; more correct,
Confidential
better
‫ اﺣﺠﻴﺔ‬uḥjīya pl. ‫ اﺣﺎﺟﻰ‬aḥājīy, ‫ اﺣﺎج‬aḥājin riddle, puzzle, enigma
‫ ﺣﺨﺎم‬ḥaḳām = ‫( ﺣﺎﺧﺎم‬look up alphabetically)
‫ ﺣـﺪ‬ḥadda u (ḥadd) to sharpen, hone (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a knife); to delimit, delineate,
demarcate, mark off, stake off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬land, ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to set bounds (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.),
limit, restrict, confine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to impede, hinder, curb, check (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); -- i (‫ ﺣـﺪة‬ḥidda) to become furious, angry (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at): -- i u (‫ ﺣـﺪاد‬ḥidād)
to wear mourning, mourn (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬the deceased) II to sharpen, hone (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a knife);
to forge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; syr.); to delimit, demarcate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set bounds (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to
s.th.), circumscribe, mark off, delineate sharply; to limit, restrict, confine
(‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to determine, appoint, assign, schedule, lay down, set down,
establish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fix). e.g., prices); to define (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |‫ﺑﺼــﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺣــﺪد‬
(baṣarahū) to dart sharp glances; to scrutinize (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), look sharply (‫ ﰲ‬at
s.th.) III to oppose (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) act contrary (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.),
contravene, counteract, violate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to sharpen, make sharp (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |
281
‫( اﺣـﺪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ اﱃ‬naẓar) to look sharply at, stare at; ‫( اﺣـﺪ ﺑﺼـﺮﻩ‬baṣarahū) to dart
sharp glances; to scrutinize (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), look sharply (‫ ﰲ‬at s.th.); ‫اﺣـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺑﺼـﺮﻩ‬
(baṣarihī) to glance sharply; -- to put on garments of mourning V to be
delimited, be delineated, be bounded, be circumscribed; to be determined,
be established, be set down, be scheduled, be fixed; to by defined, be
definable VIII to be or become angry; to become infuriated, be furious (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
at), be exasperated (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with); to be agitated, be upset, be in a state of
commotion
‫ ﺣـﺪ‬ḥadd pl. ‫ ﺣـﺪود‬ḥudūd (cutting) edge (of a knife, of a sword); edge,
border, brink, brim, verge; border (of a country), boundary, borderline; limit
(fig.), the utmost, extremity, termination, end, terminal point, terminus; a
(certain) measure, extent, or degree (attained); (math.) member (of an
equation), term (of a fraction, of a proportion); divine ordinance, divine
statute; legal punishment (Isl. Law) |‫ ﳊﺪ‬li-ḥaddi or ‫ﺣـﺪ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬until, till, up to, to
the extent of, ‫ ﳊـﺪ اﻵن‬,‫اﱃ ﺣـﺪ اﻵن‬ li-ḥ. l-āna up to now, so far; ‫اﱃ ﺣـﺪ ﻣـﺎ‬
(ḥaddin) to a certain degree, to a certain extent; ‫ اﱃ ﺣـﺪ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ‬,‫ اﱃ ﺣـﺪ ﻛﺒـﲑ‬to a

extensively; ‫( اﱃ أي ﺣـﺪ‬ayyi
Confidential
considerable extent or degree, considerably,
ḥaddin) how far, to what degree or extent; ‫( ﻻ ﺣـﺪ ﻟـﻪ‬ḥadda) boundless,
infinite, unbounded, unlimited; ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ ﺑﻼ‬bi-lā ḥaddin,
‫ اﱃ ﻏـﲑ ﺣـﺪ‬ilā gairi ḥaddin boundless, unlimited, without limits; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﺪ‬
‫‘ ﺳـﻮاء‬alā ḥaddin sawā’, ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﺪ ﺳـﻮى‬alā ḥaddin siwan in the same manner;
equally, likewise; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﺪ‬ḥaddi) according to, commensurate with; ‫ﰲ ﺣـﺪ‬
‫ ذاﺗـﻪ‬fī ḥaddi dātihī and ‫ ﲝـﺪ ذاﺗـﻪ‬in itself, as such; ‫( اﳊـﺪ اﻻﻋﻠـﻰ‬a‘lā), ‫اﳊـﺪ اﻻﻗﺼـﻰ‬
(aqṣā) the maximum; ‫( اﳊـﺪ اﻻدﱏ‬adnā) the minimum; (‫‘ ﺣـﺪ ﻋﻤـﺮي‬umrī) age
limit; ‫ ذو ﺣـﺪﻳﻦ‬dū ḥaddain two-edged; ‫( ﰲ ﺣـﺪود‬ḥudūdi) within, within the
framework of; ‫( ﺑﻠـﻎ اﻗﺼـﻰ ﺣـﺪودﻩ‬aqṣā ḥudūdihI) to attain its highest degree;
‫ ﺣـﺪود ﷲ‬the bounds or restrictions that God has placed on man's freedom of
action
‫ ﺣــﺪة‬ḥidda sharpness, keenness; pitch (of a tone); distinctiveness,
markedness; vehemence, violence, impetuosity; fury, rage, wrath, ire, anger;
excitability, irascibility, passionateness
‫ ﺣﺪة‬ḥida see ‫وﺣﺪ‬
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‫ ﺣﺪد‬ḥadad forbidden
‫ ﺣـﺪاد‬ḥidād (act of) mourning (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over) | ‫ ﺛـﻮب اﳊـﺪاد‬taub al-h. garmente
of mourning; ‫اﻟﺒﻼط‬ ‫ ﺣﺪاد‬ḥ. al-balāt court mourning
‫ ﺣﺪﻳـﺪ‬ḥadīd iron; pl. ‫ ﺣﺪاﺋـﺪ‬ḥadā’id2 iron parts (of a structure); forgings,
hardware, ironware | ‫ ﺣﺪﻳـﺪ ﺧـﺎم‬crode iron, pig iron, iron ore; O ‫ﺣﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣﻄـﺎوع‬
(mutāwi‘) wrought iron; ‫( ﺣﺪﻳـﺪ ﻏﻔـﻞ‬gufl) unprocessed iron, pig iron; ‫ﻇﻬـﺮ‬
‫ اﳊﺪﻳﺪ‬ẓahr al-ḥ. ‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬cast iron; ‫ ﺳﻜﺔ اﳊﺪﻳﺪ‬sikkat al-ḥ. railroad; ‫ﺿﺮب ﰲ‬
‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﻳﺪ‬see ‫ﺿﺮب‬
‫ ﺣﺪﻳـﺪ‬ḥadīd pl. ‫ ﺣـﺪاد‬ḥidād, ‫ اﺣـﺪاء‬aḥiddā’2, ‫ اﺣـﺪة‬aḥidda sharp (knife, eye,
tongue, etc.), keen (mind)
‫ اﺣﺪ‬aḥadd2 sharper, keener; more vehement, more violent
‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺪة‬ḥadīda pl. ‫ ﺣﺪاﺋﺪ‬ḥadā’id2 piece of iron; object or tool made of iron |
‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﳊﺮث‬ḥ. al-ḥart plowshare; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳊﺪﻳـﺪة‬eg.) in financial straits, pinched
for money
Confidential
‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺪي‬ḥadīdī iron (adj.) | ‫( ﺳﻜﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬sikka) railroad
‫ اﳊﺪﻳﺪة‬al-ḥudaida Hodeida (seaport in W Yemen)
‫ ﺣﺪاد‬ḥaddād ironsmith, blacksmith
‫ ﺣﺪادة‬ḥidāda smithcraft, art smithing
‫ ﲢﺪﻳـﺪ‬taḥdīd pl. -āt limitation, delimitation; delineation, demarcation;
restriction, curb, confinement; determination, fixation, appointment;
definition |‫اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ and ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺟـﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳـﺪ‬ (wajh) to be exact …, strictly
speaking …
‫ ﺣـﺎد‬ḥādd sharp (also, fig., of a glance), keen (mind); high-pitched (tone);
vehement, fiery, impetuous; fierce; vivid; acute (illness) |‫اﳌـﺰاج‬ ‫ﺣـﺎد‬ ḥ. al-
mizāj, ‫ ﺣـﺎد اﻟﻄﺒـﻊ‬ḥ. aṭ-ṭab‘ hot-blooded, hot-headed, hot-tempered, irascible;
‫( زاوﻳﺔ ﺣﺎدة‬zāwiya) acute angle; ‫ ﲢﺖ اﳊﺪ‬subacute
‫ ﳏــﺪود‬maḥdūd bounded, bordered (‫ ب‬by); circumscribed, confined;
limited (= small, e.g., number, knowledge, etc.); delimited, determinate,
fixed, definite, definitive |‫اﳌﻌـﲎ‬ ‫ ﳏﺪود‬m. al-ma‘nā unambiguous; ‫ﳏـﺪود اﻟﻀـﻤﺎن‬
m. aḍ-ḍamān of limited liability; ‫( )ﺷــﺮﻛﺔ ﳏــﺪودة )اﳌﺴــﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬širka) limited
company, corporation
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‫ ﳏـﺪد‬muḥaddad sharpened, sharp; determined, fixed, appointed, destined

(‫ ل‬for) strictly delimited, clearly defined
‫ ﳏﺘﺪ‬muḥtadd angry, furious, exasperated
‫ ﺣﺪأة‬ḥid’a, pl. ‫ ﺣﺪأ‬ḥida’, ‫ ﺣﺪاء‬ḥidā’, ‫ ﺣﺪآن‬ḥid’ān kite (zool.)
‫ ﺣﺪأة‬ḥada’a pl. ‫ ﺣﺪاء‬ḥidā’ double-bladed axe
‫ ﺣــﺪب‬ḥadiba a (ḥadab) to be convex, dome-shaped, cambered, bent
outward; to be hunchbacked; to be nice, kind, friendly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.). be
solicitous (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬about s.o.), care (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬for s.o.) take care (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ب‬
of s.o.) II to make convex, emboss, camber, vault, curve, crook, bend (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) V and XII ‫اﺣــﺪودب‬ iḥaudaba to be crooked, vaulted, cambered,
embossed, convex
‫ ﺣـﺪب‬ḥadab affection, fondness, love; kindliness; solicitude, care; (pl.
‫ ﺣﺪاب‬ḥidāb, ‫ اﺣﺪاب‬aḥdāb) elevation of the ground | ‫( ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺪب وﺻـﻮب‬wa-
ṣaubin) or ‫ ﻛــﻞ ﺻــﻮب وﺣــﺪب‬from all sides, from all directions, from
Confidential
everywhere; ‫وﺣﺪب‬ ‫ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻮب‬everywhere, in every quarter, on all sides
‫ ﺣـﺪب‬ḥadib curved, cambered, vaulted, convex; hunchbacked; kindly,
friendly
‫ ﺣﺪب‬ḥadaba hunchback, hump; camber, vaulting, curvature
‫ اﺣـﺪب‬aḥdab2, f. ‫ ﺣـﺪ ء‬ḥadbā’, pl. ‫ ﺣـﺪب‬ḥudb hunchbacked, humped; --
(elative) kindlier, friendlier
‫ ﳏﺪب‬muḥaddab embossed; cambered, convex
‫ ﺣﺪث‬ḥadata u (‫ ﺣﺪوث‬ḥudūt) to happen, occur, take place, come to pass; -
- (ḥaduta u (‫ ﺣﺪاﺛـﺔ‬ḥadāta) to be new, recent; to be young II to tell, relate,
report (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ﻋﻦ‬,‫ ﰲ‬about); to speak, talk (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ﰲ‬
about, of) |‫( ﺣﺪﺛـﻪ ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬ḥaddatahū qalbuhū and ‫ ﺣﺪﺛﺘـﻪ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ḥaddatathu nafsuhū
his heart, his innermost feeling told him (‫ ب‬s.th.); ‫( ﺣﺪث ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ب‬nafsahū) to
talk o.s. into (s.th.), try to believe s.th. or see s.th. (as factual); to resolve,
make up one’s mind to do s.th.; ‫ ﺣﺪث ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ان‬he said to himself, told himself
that … III to speak, talk (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬to s.o. about s.th.); to discuss (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ه‬with s.o. s.th.), converse (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﰲ ه‬with s.o. about); to negotiate, confer
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(‫ ه‬with s.o.) to address, accost (‫ ه‬s.o.); to call up (‫ ه‬s.o., by telephone) IV

to bring forth, produce, create, originate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to found, establish (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to bring about, cause, occasion, provoke, effect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to drop
excrement | ‫( اﺣـﺪث ﺣـﺪ‬ḥadatan) to bring about s.th.; to cause or do s.th.,
esp., s.th. evil, do mischief V to speak, talk (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬,‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or j about or
of s.th.), converse, chat (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to, ‫ ب‬or j about s.th.) VI to
talk with one another, converse, have a conversation X to renew (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to
buy new (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to introduce, start, invent, originate, create (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
find or deem (‫ ه‬s.o.) to be young
‫ ﺣـﺪث‬ḥadat pl. ‫ اﺣــﺪاث‬aḥdāt a new, unprecedented thing, a novelty,
innovation; event, incident, occurrence, happening; phenomenon; evil
symptom; misdeed; misfortune; ritual impurity (Isl. Law); excrement, feces;
(pl. ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺣﺪ‬,‫ اﺣﺪاث‬ḥudtān) young man, youth; ‫ اﺣﺪاث‬juveniles
‫ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ‬ḥadīt pl. ‫ ﺣـﺪاث‬ḥidāt, ‫ ﺣـﺪ ء‬ḥudatā’2 new, novel, recent, late;
Confidential
modern; ‫ ﺣـﺪﻳﺜﺎ‬ḥadītan recently, lately |‫ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺒﻨـﺎء‬ḥ. al-binā’ new-built,
recently built; ‫ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺴـﻦ‬ḥ. as-sinn young; ‫ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ‬ḥ. al-‘ahd of recent
date, recent, new, young; ‫ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻬـﺪ ب‬,‫( ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ ب‬ḥ. ‘ahdin) having
adopted or acquired (s.th.) recently; not long accustomed to (s.th.),
inexperienced at (s.th.), new at (s.th.), newly, e.g., ‫( ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ ﻟـﻮﻻدة‬bi-l-
wilāda) newborn, ‫ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻐﻬـﺪ ﻟـﺰواج‬ (bi-z-zawāj) newly wed; ‫ﻛـﺎن ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ ور‬he had not known Europe until recently

‫ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ‬ḥadīt pl. ‫ اﺣﺎدﻳـﺚ‬aḥādīt2, ‫ ﺣـﺪ ن‬ḥadtān speech; chat, chitchat, small
talk; conversation, talk, discussion; interview; prattle, gossip; report,
account, tale, narrative; Prophetic tradition, Hadith, narrative relating deeds
and utterances of the Prophet and his Companions | ‫ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺧﺮاﻓـﺔ‬ḥ. ḳurāfa
fabulous story, silly talk; ‫ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺪﺳـﻲ‬ (qudsī) Muslim tradition in which
God Himself speaks, as opposed to ‫ﺣــﺪﻳﺚ ﻧﺒــﻮي‬ (nabawī) an ordinary
Prophetic tradition; ‫ﺣــﺪﻳﺚ اﻟــﻨﻔﺲ‬ ḥ. an-nafs s.th. one talks o.s. into;
premonition
‫ ﺣـﺪوث‬ḥudūt setting in (of a state or condition), occurrence, incidence (of
a phenomenon); occurrence, incident, happening
285
‫ ﺣﺪاﺛﺔ‬ḥadāta newness, recency, novelty; youth, youthfulness

‫ اﺣﺪاث‬aḥdāt2 newer, more recent
‫ﺣﺪ ن اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‬ ḥidtān (or ḥadatān) ad-dahr misfortune, adversities, reverses
‫ اﺣﺪوﺛـﺔ‬uḥdūta pl. ‫ اﺣﺎدﻳـﺚ‬aḥādīt2 speech; discussion, talk, conversation;
chatter; fabling, fibbing; topic, subject of a conversation; gossip, rumor
(about a person) |‫اﻻﺣﺪوﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ḥusn al-u. praise (of s.o.) ‫اﻻﺣﺪوﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮء‬ sū’ al-
u. slander, defamation
‫ ﳏﺎدﺛﺔ‬muḥādata pl. -āt discourse, conversation, discussion, talk, parley
‫ اﺣــﺪاث‬iḥdāt production, creatuion, invention, origination; causation,
effectuation
‫ اﺣـﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬iḥdātīyāt (pl.) co-ordinates (math.) | ‫‘( اﺣـﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻋﻤﻮدﻳـﺔ‬amūdīya)
ordinates; ‫أﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫( اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ufuqīya) abscissas (math.)
‫ اﺳﺘﺤﺪاث‬istiḥdāt invention, creation, production, origination
‫ ﺣـﺎدث‬ḥādīt occurring, happening, taking place; new, recent; fresh; -- (pl.
‫ ﺣـﻮادث‬ḥawādit2, also -āt) occurrence, incident, event, happening; episode;
Confidential
case (jur.) accident, mishap | ‫ ﺣـﺎدث ﺗﺰوﻳـﺮ‬a case of forgery; ‫ﻣﻜـﺎن اﳊـﺎدث‬
makān al-ḥ. site of action, scene of the crime, locus delicti
‫ ﺣﺎدﺛـﺔ‬ḥādita pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮادث‬ḥawādit2 occurrence, event, happening; plot (of a
play) ; incident, episode; accident, mishap | ‫ﺣﺎدﺛـﺔ اﳌـﺮور‬ḥ. al-murūr traffic
accident
‫ ﳏـﺪث‬muḥaddit pl. -ūn speaker, talker; spokesman; conversation partner,
interlocutor; relator, narrator; a transmitter of Prophetic traditions,
traditionary, representative of the science or study of Hadith (see above); O
phonograph, gramophone
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺪث‬mutaḥaddit spokesman, speaker
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﺪث‬mustaḥdat new, novel, recent, -- (pl. –āt) novelty, innovation;
recent invention, modern product; neologism
‫ ﺣﺪج‬ḥadaja i and II to stare, look sharply (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬at s.o., at s.th., often with
‫ ﺑﺒﺼﺮﻩ‬bi-baṣarihī or ‫ ﺑﻨﻈﺮﻩ‬bi-naẓarihī)
‫ ﺣﺪج‬ḥidj pl. ‫ ﺣﺪوج‬ḥudūj, ‫ اﺣﺪاج‬aḥdāj load, burden, encumbrance
‫ اﺑﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺞ‬abū ḥadīj stork
‫ ﺣﺪاﺟﺔ‬ḥidāja pl. ‫ ﺣﺪاﺋﺞ‬ḥadā’ij2 camel saddle
286
‫ ﺣـﺪر‬ḥadara, ḥadura u (ḥadr, ‫ ﺣـﺪارة‬ḥadāra) to be thick; -- ḥadara u i (ḥadr,

‫ ﺣـﺪر‬ḥudūr) to bring down, lower (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to descend; to
drop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬tears); ‫( ﺣـﺪر ﺣـﺪرا‬ḥadran) to rattle off, express
quickly (an utterance, a thought); -- (ḥadr) to come down, step down,
descend; to glide down, swoop II to drop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to lower, inclines, dip (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) V to descend gradually; to glide down; to come down, descend; to
flow down (tears); to derive, stem, originate (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) VII to come or go
down, descend; to glide down, sink down; to be in decline, be on the
downgrade, to decline, wane; to flow down (tears); to slope down, slant
down, be inclined (terrain); to come (‫ اﱃ‬to a place), arrive (‫ اﱃ‬at)
‫ ﺣﺪر‬ḥadr rapid recitation of the Koran (a terminus technicus of tajwīd)
‫ ﺣﺪور‬ḥadūr slope, downgrade, declivity, declivitous terrain
‫ ﲢﺪر‬taḥaddur descent, slant, slope, inclination, incline, declivity
‫ اﳓـﺪار‬inḥidār slant, dip, pitch, inclination, decent, slope; declivity; fall (of
a river); decline, waning; ruin, decay, decadence
‫ ﺣﺎدر‬ḥādir thick
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺪر‬mutaḥaddir descending, slanting, sloping downward
‫ ﻣﻨﺤ ــﺪر‬munḥadir descending; lowered, dipped; slanting, sloping,
declivitous (terrain); declining, waning, being on the downgrade, in a state
of decadence or decline; run-down, seedy, down-at-the-heels, down-and-out
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﺪر‬munḥadar pl. -āt depression; slope, talus, incline, descent, declivity;
fall (of a river)
‫ ﺣﺪس‬ḥadata i u (ḥadt) to surmise, guess, conjecture (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺪس‬ḥadt surmise, guess, conjecture; O intuition
‫ ﺣﺪاف‬ḥaddāf (<‫ ﺣﺪاف اﳌﺎﻛﻮك‬,(‫( ﺣﺬاف‬syr.) shuttle (weaving)
‫ ﻃﺎرة ﺣﺪاﻓﺔ‬ṭāra ḥaddāfa (syr.) flywheel
1 ‫ ﺣـﺪق‬ḥadaqa i (ḥadq) to surround, encircle, encompass (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.);
(with ‫ ﺑﻌﻴﻨـﻪ‬bi-‘ainihī) to look, glance (‫ ه‬at s.o.) II to look, glance, gaze, stare
(‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬at, also ‫(ب( | ﺣـﺪق اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ ﰲ‬naẓara) to fix one’s glance on … IV to
surround, encircle, encompass, enclose (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to look, glance (‫ اﱃ‬,‫ﰲ‬
or ‫ ب‬at) | ‫ﰲ‬ ‫( اﺣﺪق اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬naẓara) to fix one’s glance on …
287
‫ ﺣﺪﻗـﺔ‬ḥadaqa pl. -āt, ‫ ﺣـﺪق‬ḥadaq, ‫ ﺣـﺪاق‬ḥidāq, ‫ اﺣـﺪاق‬aḥdāq pupil (of the

eye); pl. ‫ اﺣﺪاق‬glances
‫ ﺣﺪﻳﻘـﺔ‬ḥadīqa pl. ‫ ﺣـﺪاﺋﻖ‬ḥadā’iq2 garden | ‫ ﺣﺪﻳﻘـﺔ اﳊﻴـﻮا ت‬ḥ. al-ḥayawānāt
zoological garden, zoo
‫ اﺣﺪاق‬iḥdāq encirclement, encompassment (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﺧﻄﺮ ﳏﺪق‬ḳaṭar muḥdiq imminent danger
2 ‫ ﺣﺪق‬II (=‫ )ﺣﺪق‬to make acid, sour, tart, or sharp (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺎدق‬ḥādiq (= ‫ )ﺣﺎذق‬sour, tart, acid, sharp (taste)
‫ ﺣـﺪل‬ḥadala i to flatten, level, even, roll (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (ḥadl, ‫ ﺣـﺪول‬ḥudūl) to
treat unjustly (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ ﳏﺪﻟﺔ‬miḥdala pl. ‫ ﷴل‬maḥādil2 roller, steamroller
‫ ﺣـﺪم‬VIII to burn, glow, blaze; to burn up, be consumed by fire; to flare
up, break out (fight); to be furious, burn with wrath (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at, over), also ‫اﺣﺘﺪم‬
‫( ﻏﻴﻈﺎ‬gaiẓan)
Confidential
‫ اﺣﺘﺪام‬iḥtidām paroxysm
‫ ﷴم‬muḥtadim furious, infuriated, enraged
‫ ﺣﺪة‬ḥida see ‫وﺣﺪ‬
1 ‫ ﺣﺪوة‬ḥidwa horseshoe
2(‫ ﺣـﺪو‬and ‫ ﺣـﺪى( ﺣـﺪا‬ḥadā u (ḥadw, ‫ ﺣـﺪاء‬ḥudā’, ḥidā’ to urge forward
by singing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬camels); to urge, spur on, egg on, prompt, instigate, induce,
move (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ اﱃ‬to s.th., to do s.th.); ‫ب‬

‫ ﺣـﺪا‬to instigate s.th.; to sway,
rock, roll (rider, camel); to swing along, rock along (in riding) | ‫ﺣـﺪا ـﻢ‬
‫ اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ اﱃ‬their conversation led them to …; ‫( ﻏـﺮض ﲢـﺪى اﻟﻴـﻪ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋـﺐ‬garaḍun
tuḥdā) a goal much sought after or worth striving for V to compete, vie (‫ه‬
with s.o.); to challenge, provoke (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to defy, oppose, resist,
withstand (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), stand up (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬against s.o., against s.th.) to
incite, stimulate, arouse, animate, sharpen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; ‫ ذﻛـﺎءﻩ‬dakā’ahū s.o.’s
intellect); to intend (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., to do s.th.), be bent (‫ ﻫـ‬on doing s.th.)
288
‫ ﺣﺪاء‬ḥudā’ animating singsong, chanting of the caravan leader

‫ ﺣﺪاء‬ḥaddā’ camel driver, cameleer
‫ اﺣﺪوة‬uḥduwa, ‫ اﺣﺪﻳﺔ‬uḥdīya song of the camel drivers
‫ ﲢﺪ‬taḥaddin pl. ‫ ﲢﺪ ت‬taḥaddiyāt challenge, provocation
‫ ﺣـﺎد‬ḥādin pl. ‫ ﺣـﺪاة‬ḥudāh caravan leader (who urges the camels forward
by singing); camel driver, cameleer; leader
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ‬mutaḥaddin challenger, provoker
1‫ ﺣﺪي‬ḥadiya a to remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a place), stick (‫ ب‬to a place)
2‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ ﺣﺎدى‬see ‫اﺣﺪ‬

3 ‫ ﺣﺪاﻳﺔ‬ḥidāya, ḥiddāya = ‫ ﺣﺪأة‬ḥid’a
‫ ﺣـﺬر‬ḥadira a (ḥidr, ḥadar) to be cautious, wary, to beware (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of
s.o., of s.th.), be on one’s guard (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬against) II to warn, caution ( ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. of or about), put (‫ ه‬s.o.) on his guard (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬against) III to watch out, be
careful; to be on one’s guard (‫ ه‬against), be wary (‫ ه‬of s.o.) V to beware, be
Confidential
wary (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of) VIII = I
‫ ﺣ ــﺬر‬ḥidr and ḥadar caution, watchfulness, alertness, wariness,
circumspection; precaution |‫ﺣـﺬرﻩ‬ ‫( اﺧـﺬ‬ḥadarahū) to be on one’s guard; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‘ ﺟﺬر‬alā ḥadarin cautiously, warily; on one’s guard (‫ ﻣﻦ‬against)
‫ ﺣﺬر‬ḥadir cautious, wary
‫ ﺣـﺬاري‬ḥadārī beware (‫ ان‬of doing …, ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.)! watch out (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬for)! be
careful (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)!
‫ ﲢﺬﻳﺮ‬taḥdīr warning, cautioning (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of, against)
‫ﳏﺎذرة‬muḥādara caution, precaution, precautionary measure
‫ ﳏـﺬور‬maḥdūr that of which one should beware, against which one should
guard; object of caution; -- (pl. -āt) danger, peril; trouble, difficulty,
misfortune
‫ ﺣـﺬف‬ḥadafa i (ḥadf) to shorten, clip, curtail (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to take s.th.
away, cut s.th. off, clip s.th. off (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from s.th.), reduce (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.), strike or
cross s.th. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬off s.th.); to cancel, strike out, delete, drop, leave out, omit,
suppress (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); (gram.) to elide, apocopate, drop by aphaeresis; to deduct,
289
subtract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to throw (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬at s.o. s.th.), pelt (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with s.th.); to
cast away, throw away, discard (‫ ب‬s.th.) II to clip, trim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to give (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) shape, to trim, clip, or cut (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) into proper shape
‫ ﺣـﺬف‬ḥadf shortening, curtailing, cutting off, trimming, etc.; canceling,
cancellation, striking off, crossing off, deletion; omission, dropping,
suppression; (gram.) elision, ellipsis, apocopation
‫ ﺣـﺬاﻓﲑ‬ḥadāfīr2: ‫ اﺧـﺬﻩ ﲝـﺬاﻓﲑﻩ‬he took all of it, he took it lock, stock and
barrel
‫ ﺣـﺬق‬ḥadiqa a, ḥadaqa i (ḥidq, ‫ ﺣﺬاﻗـﺔ‬ḥadāqa) to be skilled, skillful, well-
versed, proficient (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ﰲ‬ in s.th.), master (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- ḥadaqa u (‫ﺣـﺬوق‬
ḥudūq) to turn sour (milk) V to feign skillfulness, proficiency, cleverness or
smartness
‫ ﺣــﺬق‬ḥidq and ‫ ﺣﺬاﻗــﺔ‬ḥadāqa skill, dexterity, proficiency; smartness,
cleverness, intelligence; perspicacity, sagacity, acumen
‫ ﺣـﺎذق‬ḥādiq pl. ‫ ﺣـﺬاق‬ḥuddāq skillful, skilled, proficient; well-versed,
clever, smart; intelligent; sour
Confidential
‫ ﺣــﺬﻟﻖ‬II taḥadlaqa to pretend to be clever or skilful, feign skiIl or
knowledge; to be pedantic
‫ ﺣﺬﻟﻘﺔ‬ḥadlaqa skillfulness, dexterity
‫)ﺣـﺬا )ﺣـﺬو‬ ḥadā u: ‫ﺣـﺬا ﺣـﺬوﻩ‬ (ḥadwahū) to imitate s.o., take after s.o.,
follow s.o.’s example III to be opposite s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬face, parallel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), run
parallel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to) VI to be opposite each other, be parallel VIII to imitate, copy
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. s.th., also ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take or follow (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th., also ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) as an example or model; to be shod; to wear (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) as footgear

‫ ﺣـﺬو‬ḥadwa (prep.) opposite, face to face with |‫ ﺣـﺬوك اﻟﻨﻌـﻞ ﻟﻨﻌـﻞ‬ḥadwaka
n-na‘la bi-n-na‘li in a completely identical manner, to a T, like two peas in a
pod
‫ ﺣﺬاء‬ḥidā’ pl. ‫ اﺣﺬﻳﺔ‬aḥdiya shoe; sandal |‫ ﺻﺎﻧﻎ اﻷﺣﺬﻳﺔ‬shoemaker
‫ ﺣﺬاء‬ḥidā’a (prep.) and ‫ ﲝﺬاء‬bi-ḥidā’i opposite, face to face with
‫ ﺣﺬاء‬ḥaddā’ shoemaker, cobbler
‫‘ ﳏﺎذاة )ﰲ( ﻋﻠﻰ‬alā (fī) muḥādāti along, alongside of, parallel to
‫ اﺣﺘﺬاء‬iḥtidā’ imitation, copying
290
‫ ﳏﺎذ‬muḥādin opposite, facing

‫ ﺣـﺮ‬ḥarra u i (ḥarr, ‫ ﺣـﺮارة‬ḥarāra) to be hot II to liberate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to free, set
free, release (‫ ه‬s.o.); to emancipate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to consecrate (‫ ه‬s.o.) to the
service of God; to clarify, clear up, make clear (‫ ه‬s.th.); to formulate
precisely, phrase accurately, define exactly, pinpoint (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to revise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
book); to edit, redact (‫ ﻫـ‬a book, a periodical); to write, pen, indite, compose,
compile (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to become free; to be freed, be liberated (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from); to be
emancipated VIII to be kindled, be heated, flare up
‫ ﺣﺮ‬ḥarr heat, warmth
‫ ﺣـﺮ‬ḥurr pl. m. ‫ اﺣـﺮار‬aḥrār, pl. f. ‫ ﺣﺮاﺋـﺮ‬ḥarā’ir2 noble, free-bom; genuine
(jewels, etc.), pure, unadulterated; free; living in freedom; freeman;
independent; free unrestrained; liberal (pol.; ‫اﻻﺣـﺮار‬ the Liberals); frank,
candid, open (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬toward s.o.); free, available, uninvested (money) | ‫اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط‬

‫اﳊـﺮ‬ (ihtiyaṭī) free reserves, unencumbered reserves; ‫ﻣـﻦ ﺣـﺮ ﻣﺎﻟـﻪ‬ min ḥurr
Confidential
mālihī with his own cash, with funds at his disposal
‫ ﺣﺮة‬ḥarra pl. -āt stony area; volcanic country, lava field
‫ ﺣﺮﻳـﺔ‬ḥurrīya pl. -āt freedom, liberty; independence, unrestraint, license
(e.g., poetic) | ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة‬
‫ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ‬ḥ. al-‘ibāda freedom of worship; ‫ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ḥ. al-fikr
freedom of thought; ‫ ﺣﺮﻳـﺔ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬ḥ. al-kalām freedom of speech; ‫( ﺣﺮﻳـﺔ اﻟﻨﺸـﺮ‬or
‫ )اﻟﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ḥ. an-našr (aṣ-ṣiḥafa) liberty of the press

‫ ﺣﺮﻳـﺮ‬ḥarīr silk; pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاﺋـﺮ‬ḥarā’ir2 (‫ )ﺣﺮاﻳـﺮ‬silken wares, silks |‫ﺣﺮﻳـﺮ ﺻـﺨﺮي‬
(ṣaḳrī) asbestos; ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ ﺣﺮﻳﺮ‬rayon
‫ ﺣﺮﻳﺮي‬ḥarīrī silken, silky, of silk
‫ ﺣﺮاﺋﺮي‬ḥarā’irī silken, silk- (in compounds), of silk; silk weaver
‫ ﺣﺮار‬ḥarrār ssailk weaver
‫ ﺣﺮارة‬ḥarāra heat; warmth; fever heat, fever; temperature; ardor, fervor (of
emotion), passion; eagerness, enthusiasm, zeal; vehemence, violence,
intensity; burning (of the skin)
‫ ﺣﺮﻳﺮة‬ḥuraira pl. -āt calorie
‫ ﺣـﺮاري‬ḥarārī thermal, thermic, thermo-, heat (used attributively); caloric
|‫ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ‬ ‫( وﺣﺪة‬waḥda) calorie
291
O ‫ ﺣﺮارﻳﺔ‬ḥarārīya pl. -āt calorie

‫ ﺣﺮور‬ḥarūr f., pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاﺋﺮ‬ḥarā’ir2 hot-wind
‫ ﺣـﺮان‬ḥarrān2, f. ‫ ﺣـﺮى‬ḥarrā, pl. ‫ ﺣـﺮار‬ḥirār, ‫ ﺣـﺮارى‬ḥarārā thirsty; passionate,
fervent, hot (fig.) |‫ﺣﺮى‬‫( زﻓﺮة‬zafra) a fervent sigh; ‫ دﻣﻮع ﺣﺮى‬hot tears
‫ اﺣﺮ‬aḥarr2 hotter, warmer |‫( ﻋﻠﻰ اﺣﺮ ﻣﻦ اﳉﻤﺮ‬jamr) on pins and needles, on
tenterhooks, in greatest suspense or excitement
O ‫ ﳏﺮ‬miḥarr heating system, heating installation
‫ ﲢﺮﻳـﺮ‬taḥrīr liberation; release; emancipation; record(ing), writing; editing,
redaction; editorship (of a newspaper, a periodical); (pl. -āt, ‫ ﲢـﺎرﻳﺮ‬taḥārīr2)
piece of writing, record, brief, document | ‫ رﺋـﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳـﺮ‬editor-in-chief; ‫ادارة‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬board of editors, editorial staff
‫ ﲢﺮﻳـﺮي‬taḥrīrī liberational; emancipational; liberal; recorded in writing,
written, in writing
‫ ﺣﺎر‬ḥār hot; warm; ardent, glowing, fervent, passionate
Confidential
‫ ﳏﺮور‬maḥrūr hot-tempered, hot-headed, fiery, passionate, furious
‫ ﳏـﺮر‬muḥarrir pl. -ūn liberator, emancipator; writer, clerk; editor (of a
newspaper, of a periodical)
‫ ﳏــﺮر‬muḥarrar consecrated to God; let down in writing, recorded in
writing, written; booked; pl. ‫ ﳏﺮرات‬booking, entries
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺮر‬mutaḥarrir emancipated; an advocate of emancipation
‫ ﺣـﺮب‬ḥariba a (ḥarab) to be furious, enraged, angry III to fight, combat (‫ه‬
s.o.) battle, wage war (‫ ه‬against s.o.) VI to fight (one another), be engaged
in war VIII = VI
‫( ﺣـﺮب‬ḥarb f., pl. ‫ ﺣـﺮوب‬ḥurūb war, warfare; fight, combat, battle; enemy,
enemies (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ل‬ of s.o.) | ‫ﺣــﺮب اﻫﻠﻴـﺔ‬ (ahlīya) civil war; ‫ﺣــﺮب ﺻــﺤﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
(ṣiḥāfīya) press feud; ‫اﳊـﺮوب اﻟﺼـﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ (ṣalībīya) the Crusades; ‫اﳊـﺮب اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﻰ‬
(‘uẓmā), ‫‘( اﳊـﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴـﺔ‬ālamīya), ‫‘( اﳊـﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬āmma) World War I; ‫ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ‬
‫ اﳊﺮب ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬kašafat il-ḥarbu ‘an sāqihā and ‫ ﻗﺎﻣـﺖ اﳊـﺮب ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺎق‬qāmat il-
ḥ. ‘alā sāqin war flared up, fierce fighting broke out
‫ ﺣﺮﰊ‬ḥarbī warlike, bellicose, belligerent, martial, war (adj.), military; (pl.
-ūn) warrior, soldier, military man | ‫اﳊﺮﰊ‬ ‫( اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬būlīs) military police
292
‫ ﺣﺮﺑﺔ‬ḥarba pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاب‬ḥirāb lance, spear; spearhead; bayonet, sidearm

‫ ﺣﺮ ء‬ḥirbā’ pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاﰉ‬ḥarābīy chameleon (zool.)
‫ وا ﺣﺮ ﻩ‬wā ḥarabāh! (exclamation of lament) alas! goodness no! oh my!
‫ ﳏـﺮاب‬miḥrāb pl. ‫ ﳏـﺎرب‬maḥārib2 a recess in a mosque indicating the
direction of prayer, prayer niche, mihrab
‫ ﳏﺎرﺑﺔ‬muḥāraba struggle, combat, fight, battle; warfare
‫ اﺣﱰاب‬iḥtirāb mutual struggle
‫ ﳏـﺎرب‬muḥārib warring, belligerent; warrior, combatant, fighter; corporal
(Eg. 1939)
‫ اﳌﺘﺤﺎرﺑﻮن‬al-mutaḥāribūn the belligerents, the warring parties
‫ ﺣﺮﺑﻮﺷﺔ‬ḥarbūša pl. ‫( ﺣﺮاﺑﺶ‬ḥarābiš2 (tun.) pastille, pill
‫ ﺣﺮث‬ḥarata i u (ḥart) to plow (‫ ﻫـ‬the soil); to cultivate, till (‫ ﻫـ‬the ground)
‫ ﺣﺮث‬ḥart plowing, tilling, tillage, cultivation of the soil; arable land, tilth;
plantation, culture
‫ ﺣﺮﺛﺔ‬ḥarta (n. un.) arable land, tilth
Confidential
‫ ﺣﺮاﺛﺔ‬ḥirāta cultivation of the soil, farming, agriculture
‫ ﺣﺮاث‬ḥarrāt plowman
‫ ﳏﺮاث‬miḥrāt pl. ‫ ﳏﺎرث‬maḥārit2 plow
‫ ﺣﺎرث‬ḥārit pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاث‬ḥurrāt plowman |‫ اﺑﻮ اﳊﺎرث‬abū l-ḥārit lion
‫ ﺣــﺮج‬ḥarija a (ḥaraj) to be close, tight narrow; to be straitened, be
confined, get into a strait, be cornered, be hard pressed; to be oppressed, be
anguished (heart); to be forbidden (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.) to narrow, tighten, straiten
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to complicate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) difficult; to forbid (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.th. to s.o.); to persist (J in s.th.) IV to narrow, straiten, confine, cramp.
hamper, impede, restrict (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to complicate, make difficult, aggravate,
jeopardize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬situation, s.o.’s position); to embarrass (‫ ه‬s.o.); to coerce,
constrain, press (‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to); to forbid (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th. to s.o.) V to refrain from
sin or evildoing; to abstain, refrain (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬from), avoid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to be
cornered, be forced to the wall; to become or be oppressed, anguished,
distressed; to become critical, become complicated or difficult, be
aggravated (situation), be jeopardized (s.o.’s position) |‫)ب‬ ‫)ﲢـﺮج ﺻـﺪرﻩ ﻣـﻦ‬
293
(ṣadruhū) to feel depressed by, feel annoyed at; ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ ﲢﺮج ﺑﻪ‬this made things
difficult for people
‫( ﺣــﺮج‬ḥaraj closeness, tightness, narrowness; confinement, straitness.
constriction, crampedness; restriction, impediment; oppression, distress,
anguish; difficulty; critical situation; prohibition, interdiction; s.th.
forbidden, s.th. interdicted, sin |‫( ﻻ ﺣﺮج‬ḥaraja) there is no objection; ‫ﻻ ﺣﺮج‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬nothing stands in your way, you are at liberty
‫ ﺣـﺮج‬ḥaraj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt, ‫ ﺣـﺮج‬ḥirāj, ‫اﺣـﺮاج‬ aḥrāj thicket; dense
forest; woodland, timberland
‫ ﺣــﺮج‬ḥarij narrow, close, tight, confined, straitened; oppressed, hard
pressed, harassed; critical (situation, position)
‫ اﺣﺮج‬aḥrāj2 narrower, closer, tighter, more straitened; more critical
‫ ﺣﺮاج‬ḥarāg (eg.) auction
‫ ﺣﺮاﺟــﺔ‬ḥarāja seriousness, gravity, difficulty, complicatedness (of a
situation)
‫ ﲢﺮﻳﺞ‬taḥrīj forestation, afforestation
Confidential
‫ ﺣــﺮج‬taḥarruj restraint, reserve, aloofness; timidity, diffidence, faint-
heartedness; critical complication, gravity, difficulty (of a situation)
‫ ﺣــﺮج‬muḥarrijāt: ‫ ﳏﺮﺟــﺎت اﻻﳝــﺎن‬m. al-aimān binding, committing, or
solemn, oaths
‫ ﳏﺮج‬muḥrij disconcerting, embarrassing
‫ ﻣﺘﺤـﺮج‬mutaḥarrij: ‫ ﻣﺘﺤـﺮج اﻟﺼـﺪر‬m. aṣ-ṣadr annoyed, vexed, anguished,
oppressed
‫ ﺣـﺮد‬ḥarida a (ḥarad) to be annoyed, disgruntled, angry, furious (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at,
with)
‫ ﺣـﺎرد‬ḥārid, ‫ ﺣــﺮد‬ḥarid and ‫ ﺣـﺮدان‬ḥardān annoyed, disgruntled, angry,
furious
‫ ﺣﺮذون‬ḥardaun pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاذﻳﻦ‬ḥarādīn2 lizard
‫ ﺣﺮز‬ḥaraza u (ḥarz) to keep, guard, protect, preserve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), take care (‫ﻫـ‬
of); -- ḥaruza u (‫ ﺣـﺮازة‬ḥarāza) to be strong be strongly fortified, be
impregnable IV to keep, preserve, guard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to obtain, attain, achieve,
win (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( )اﺣـﺮز ﻧﺼـﺮا )اﻧﺘﺼـﺎرا‬naṣran) to win a victory; ‫اﺣـﺮز ﻗﺼـﺐ اﻟﺴـﺒﻖ‬
(qaṣaba s-sabq) to come through with flying colors, carry the day, score a
294
great success V to be wary (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of), be on one’s guard (‫ ﻣﻦ‬against) VIII to be

wary (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), guard, be on one’s guard (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬against), be careful, take heed,
take precautions
‫ ﺣـﺮز‬pl. ‫ اﺣـﺮاز‬aḥrāz fortified place; refuge, sanctuary, retreat; custody; (pl.
‫ ﺣﺮوز‬,‫ )اﺣﺮاز‬amulet
‫ ﺣﺮﻳﺰ‬ḥarīz strongly fortified, guarded; inaccessible, impregnable
‫اﺣ ـ ـﺮاز‬iḥrāz acquisition, acquirement, obtainment, attainment,
achievement, winning, gaining
‫ اﺣ ـﱰاز‬iḥtirāz pl. -āt caution, wariness, prudence, circumspection;
reservation, reserve |‫اﻻﺣﱰاز‬ ‫ ﺑﻜﻞ‬with all reservation
O ‫ ﺣﺎرزة‬ḥāriza fuse (el.)
‫ ﳏـﺮز‬muḥriz obtainer, acquirer, winner, gainer; possessor, holder (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of
s.th.)
‫ ﺣـﺮس‬ḥarasa u (ḥars, ‫ ﺣﺮاﺳـﺔ‬ḥirāsa) to guard, watch, control (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th.,
s.o.); to oversee, supervise, superintend (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); to secure, protect,
Confidential
safeguard, preserve, keep (‫ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); to watch (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over) V and VIII
to beware, be wary (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of), guard, be on one’s guard (‫ ﻣﻦ‬against)
‫ ﺣـﺮس‬ḥaras watch; guard, escort; bodyguard |‫( اﳊـﺮس اﻟﺴـﻴﺎر‬sayyār) militia,
"garde mobile" (syr.) |‫اﻟﺸــﺮف‬ ‫ﺣــﺮس‬ ḥ. aš-šaraf honor guard; ‫اﳊــﺮس اﳌﻠﻜــﻲ‬
(malakī) the royal guard (formerly Ir., Eg.); ‫اﳌﻠـﻮﻛﻲ‬ ‫( اﳊـﺮس‬mulūkī) (formerly)
bodyguard of the Bey (Tun.); ‫اﻟﻮﻃﲏ‬ ‫( اﳊﺮس‬waṭanī) the National Guard
‫ ﺣﺮاﺳــﺔ‬ḥirāsa guarding, watching, control; watch, guard, guard duty;
supervision, superintendence; guardianship, tutelage, custody, care,
protection; safe conduct, escort; administration; administration of an estate
(jur.); sequester |‫اﻟﺴﻮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ ﺣﺮاﺳﺔ‬coast guard
‫ اﺣـ ـﱰاس‬iḥtirās caution, wariness, prudence; (pl. -āt) precaution,
precautionary measure |‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ اﺣﱰاﺳﺎ‬for protection from or against
‫ ﺣـﺎرس‬ḥāris pl. ‫ ﺣﺮﺳـﺔ‬ḥarasa, ‫ ﺣـﺮاس‬ḥurrās vigilant, watchful; watchman;
sentry, sentinel, guard; overseer, supervisor, superintendent; administrator;
guardian, custodian, keeper, protector, tutelary (in compounds) |‫اﻟﱰﻛـﺔ‬ ‫ﺣـﺎرس‬
ḥ. at-tirka administrator of aD estate; ‫ ﺣـﺎرس اﳋـﻮاﰎ‬keeper of the seal; ‫ﺣـﺎرس‬
295
‫ اﳌﺮﻣﻰ‬ḥ. al-marmā goal keeper; ‫( ﺣﺎرس ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻲ‬qaḍā’ī) sequestrator, receiver (in

bankruptcy, in equity); ‫( ﻣﻼك ﺣﺎرس‬mal’ak) guardian angel (Chr.); ‫ﺣﺎرس اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬
ḥ. al-lail night watchman
‫ ﳏـﺮوس‬maḥrūs guarded, safeguarded, secured; protected (by God; esp.
used ss an epithet after the names of cities); ‫ اﶈﺮﺳﻮن‬the children, the family
‫ ﳏﱰس‬muḥtaris cautious, wary, careful
‫ ﺣﺮش‬ḥaraša i (ḥarš) to scratch (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) II to instigate, prod, incite,
provoke, incense (‫ ه‬s.o.); to set (‫ ﺑﲔ‬people against each other), sow discord,
dissension (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬among) V to pick a quarrel, start a brawl (‫ ب‬with s.o.)
provoke (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ ﺣﺮش‬ḥirš, ḥurš pl. ‫ اﺣﺮاش‬aḥrāš, ‫ ﺣﺮوش‬ḥurūš forest, wood(s)

‫ ﺣﺮش‬ḥariš and ‫ اﺣﺮش‬aḥraš, rough, coarse, scabrous
‫ ﺣﺮش‬ḥaraš, ‫ ﺣﺮﺷﺔ‬ḥurša, ‫ ﺣﺮاﺷﺔ‬ḥarāša roughness, coarseness, scabrousness
‫ ﲢـﺮﻳﺶ‬taḥrīš instigation, prodding, incitement, provocation, agitation,
Confidential
incensement
‫ ﲢﺮش‬taḥarruš provocation, importunity, obtrusion, meddling, uncalled-for
interference
‫ ﺣﺮﺷﻒ‬ḥaršaf pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاﺷﻒ‬ḥarāšif2 scales (of fish)
‫ ﺣـﺮص‬ḥaraṣa i and ḥariṣa a (ḥirṣ) to desire, want, covet (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to be
intent, be bent (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on); to strive (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for), aspire (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
‫ ﺣــﺮص‬ḥirṣ greed, avidity, cupidity, covetousness; desire; aspiration,
endeavor, wish (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); avarice |‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺻـﺎ‬ in the desire for …, in the
endeavor to …; ‫اﻻرواح‬ ‫ ﺣﺮﺻﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬danger! (on warning signs)
‫ ﺣـﺮﻳﺺ‬ḥarīṣ pl. ‫ ﺣـﺮاص‬ḥirāṣ, ‫ ﺣﺮﺻـﺎء‬ḥuraṣā’2 covetous, greedy, avid, eager
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for); bent (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on), desirous (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of)
‫ اﺣﺮص‬aḥraṣ more covetous, greedier
‫ ﺣـﺮض‬II to goad, prod, spur on, egg on, incite, rouse, provoke (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o.
to s.th. or to do s.th.); to instigate, abet, stir up, agitate (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. to or
against); O to induce (el.)
296
‫ ﲢﺮﻳﺾ‬taḥrīḍ incitement, provocation; instigation, abetment, agitation (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

to); inflammatory propaganda (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.); O induction (el.) | ‫ﲢـﺮﻳﺾ‬
‫ ذاﰐ‬self-induction (el.)
‫ ﲢﺮﻳﻀﻲ‬taḥrīḍī inciting, instigative, agitative, inflammatory; provocative
‫ ﺣﺎرض‬ḥāriḍ bad, wicked, evil
‫ ﳏـﺮض‬muḥarriḍ pl. -ūn inciter, baiter; instigator, abettor; demagogue,
rabble rouser; agitator, provocator; O inductor (el.)
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺮض‬mutaḥarriḍ O induced (el.)
‫ ﺣـﺮف‬II to slant, incline, make oblique (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bend off, up, down or
back, turn up, down or back, deflect (‫ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to distort, corrupt, twist,
pervert, misconstrue, falsify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |‫ﻣﻮﺿــﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓــﻪ ﻋـﻦ‬ (‘an mauḍi‘ihī) to
distort the sense of s.th., rob s.th. of its true meaning V to turn off, branch
off, take a turning; to deviate, depart, digress (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to avoid (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.);
to be or become bent off, distorted, corrupted, perverted VII to tum off,
branch off, ta.ke a turning; to deviate, depart, digress, turn away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from);
Confidential
to slope down, slant, be inclined (terrain); to turn (‫ اﱃ‬to, toward); to be
twisted, be distorted; to be oblique, slanting; to be cocked, rakish
(headgear); with ‫ ب‬to make s.th. appear oblique, slanted, or distorted; to be
corrupted, perverted | ‫اﳓــﺮف ﺑــﻪ ﻋــﻦ‬ to dissuade s.o. from; ‫اﳓــﺮف ﻣﺰاﺟــﻪ‬
(mizājuhū) to be indisposed, be ill VIII to do (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) professionally,
practice (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) as a profession; to strive for success
‫ ﺣـﺮف‬ḥarf pl. ‫ ﺣـﺮف‬ḥiraf (cutting) edge (of a knife, of a sword); sharp

edge; border, edge, rim, brink, verge; -- (pl. ‫ ﺣـﺮوف‬ḥurūf, ‫ اﺣـﺮف‬aḥruf) letter;
consonant; particle (gram.); type (typ.) |‫ﺣـﺮف‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ irresolute, wavering, on
the fence; ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻇـﻪ ﲝﺮوﻓﻬـﺎ‬ alfāẓuhū bi-ḥurūfihā his words literally; ‫ﳊـﺮف‬ or
‫ﳊـﺮف اﻟﻮاﺣـﺪ‬ literally, verbatim, to the letter; ‫ﺣﺮﻓــﺎ ﲝـﺮف‬ ḥarfan bi-ḥarfin
literally, word for word; ‫( وﻗـﻊ ﻻﺣـﺮف اﻻوﱃ‬waqqa‘a, ūlā) to initial (e.g.,
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪة‬mu‘āhadatan a treaty); ‫( اﳊـﺮوف اﻻﲜﺪﻳـﺔ‬abjadīya) the alphabetic letters,
the alphabet; ‫ﺣـﺮوف ﳎﻤﻮﻋـﺔ‬ matter (typ.); ‫اﳊـﺮوف اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻴﺔ‬ (šamsīya) the sun
letters (i.e., sibilants, dentals, r, l, n to which the l of the article assimilates),
297
‫( اﳊـﺮوف اﻟﻘﻤﺮﻳـﺔ‬qamarīya) the moon letters (to which the l of the article does
not assimilate); ‫ ﺣـﺮف اﳉـﺮ‬ḥ al-jarr preposition (gram.) ‫ ﺣـﺮف اﳋﻔـﺾ‬ḥ al-ḳafḍ
do.; ‫ ﺣــﺮف اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳــﻒ‬article (gram.); ‫ ﺣــﺮف اﻟﻌﻄــﻒ‬ḥ al-‘aṭf coordinating
conjunction (gram.); ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬ ‫ ﺣﺮف‬interrogative particle (gram.); ‫ﺣـﺮف اﻟﻘﺴـﻢ‬
ḥ. al-qasam particle introducing oaths (gram.)
‫ ﺣﺮﰲ‬ḥarfī literal
‫ ﺣﺮف‬ḥurf common garden pepper cress (Lepidium sativum L.; bot.)
‫ ﺣﺮﻓـﺔ‬ḥirfa pl. ‫ ﺣـﺮف‬ḥiraf profession, occupation, vocation, business, craft,
trade
‫ ﺣﺮﻳﻒ‬ḥarīf pl. ‫ ﺣﺮﻓﺎء‬ḥurafā’2 customer, patron, client (tun.)
‫ ﺣﺮﻳﻒ‬ḥirrīf pungent, acrid (taste); ‫ ﺣﺮﻳﻔﺎت‬spicy food, delicacies
‫ ﺣﺮاﻓﺔ‬ḥarāfa pungency, acridity (taste)
‫ ﲢﺮﻳـﻒ‬taḥrīf pl. -āt alteration, change; distortion; perversion, corruption,
esp. phonetic corruption of a word
‫ اﳓ ـﺮاف‬inḥirāf pl. -āt deviation, digression; obliqueness, obliquity,
Confidential
inclination, slant; declination (astrom.); ailment, indisposition, also
‫اﳌﺰاج‬
‫ اﺣﱰاف‬iḥtirāf professional pursuit (of a trade, etc.)
‫ ﳏﺮف‬muḥarraf corrupted (word)
‫اﳓـﺮاف‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺤـﺮف‬munḥarif oblique; slanted, slanting, sloping, inclined; distorted,

perverted, corrupted, twisted; deviating, divergent; trapezium (geom.)
‫ ﳏـﱰف‬muḥtarif one gainfully employed (‫ ب‬in), person doing s.th. (‫)ب‬
professionally; professional, a pro (sports); professional (adj.), e.g., ‫ﺻـﺤﺎﰲ‬
‫( ﳏﱰف‬ṣiḥāfī) professional journalist; climber, careerist
‫ ﳏﱰف‬muḥtaraf pl. -āt studio, atelier
‫ ﺣـﺮق‬ḥaraqa i (ḥarq) to burn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to burn, hurt, sting, smart |‫ﺣـﺮق ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬
(qalbahū), pl.‫( ﺣـﺮق ﻗﻠـﻮ ﻢ‬qulūbahum) to vex, exasperate s.o.; -- u (ḥarq) to
rub together (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to burn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); ‫( ﺣـﺮق اﺳـﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬asnānahū) to gnash
one’s teeth V to burn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to destroy by fire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to singe, scorch,
parch (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to scald (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to kindle, ignite, set on fire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫اﺣـﺮق‬
298
‫(ﻓﺤﻤـﺔ ﻟﻴﻠـﻪ ﰲ‬faḥmata lailihī) to spend the night doing (s.th.), burn the
midnight oil over… V to burn, be aflame, burn up, take fire, he consumed
hy fire, he burned; to be consumed (by an emotion), pine away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), he
pained (‫ ﻫ ـ‬by), eat one’s heart out |‫ﺷـﻮﻗﺎ‬ ‫( ﲢـﺮق‬šauqan) to be overcome with
longing or nostalgia VIII to burn, be aflame, burn up, take fire, be consumed
by fire, he burned
‫ ﺣـﺮق‬ḥarq burning, incineration, combustion; kindling, igniting, setting
afire; arson, incendiarism; pl. ‫ ﺣﺮوق‬ḥurūq burn (med.)
‫ ﺣﺮق‬ḥaraq fire, conflagration
‫ ﺣﺮﻗـﺔ‬ḥurqa, ḥarqa burning, incineration, combustion; stinging, smarting,
burning (as a physical sensation); torture, torment, agony, pain, ordeal
‫ ﺣﺮاق‬ḥurāq, ḥurraq tinder
‫ ﺣﺮاق‬ḥarrāq hurning, aflame, afire; hot
‫ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ‬ḥarīq and ‫ ﺣﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ‬ḥarā’iq2 fire; conflagration
O ‫ ﺣﺮاﻗﺔ‬ḥarrāqa torpedo
‫ ﺣﺮﻗـﺎن‬ḥaraqān burning, stinging, smarting (as a painful sensation; e.g., of
Confidential
the feet)
O ‫ ﳏﺮق‬maḥraq pl. ‫ ﳏﺎرق‬maḥāriq2 focus (phys.)
‫ ﲢﺎرﻳﻖ‬taḥārīq2 (Eg.) season of the Nile’s lowest water level, hottest season
of the year
‫ اﺣﺮاق‬burning, incineration, combustion
‫ ﲢﺮق‬taḥarruq buming, combustion; burning desire
‫ اﺣـﱰاق‬iḥtirāq burning, combustion; fire, conflagration |O ‫ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ اﻻﺣـﱰاق‬
gurfat al-i. combustion chamber (techn.); ‫اﻻﺣﱰاق‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬qābil al-i. combustible
‫ ﺣﺎرق‬ḥāriq arsonist, incendiary
‫ ﳏــﺮوق‬maḥrūq burned, charred, scorched, parched; reddish, hronze-
colored; pl. ‫ ﳏﺮوﻗﺎت‬maḥrūqāt fuel | ‫ﳏﺮوق‬ ‫(ﻓﺨﺎر‬faḳḳār) fired clay
‫ ﳏﺮق‬muḥriq: ‫( ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ ﳏﺮﻗﺔ‬qunbula) incendiary bomb
O ‫ ﳏﺮق‬muḥraq crematory
‫ ﳏﺮﻗﺔ‬maḥraqa burnt sacrifice
‫ ﺣﺮﻗﺪ‬ḥarqada pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاﻗﺪ‬ḥarāqid2 Adam’s apple
299
‫ ﺣﺮﻗﻔﺔ‬ḥarqafa pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاﻗﻒ‬ḥarāqif2 protruding part of the hipbone

‫ ﺣـﺮك‬II to move, set in motion, drive, propel, operate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to march,
move (‫ ه‬troops); to stir (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to start, get started, get underway (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to agitate, excite, stimulate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to incite, instigate, goad, prod, provoke,
actuate, urge (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. to do s.th.); to awaken, arouse, foment, stir up (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to vowel, vowelize (gram., ‫ ﻫـ‬a consonant) |‫( ﺣﺮك ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻩ‬mašā‘irahū) to
grip, excite, thrill s.o.; ‫ ﺣـﺮك اﻟﻌﻮاﻃـﻒ‬to affect the feelings, be touching,
moving, pathetic; ‫( ﻻ ﳛـﺮك ﺳـﺎﻛﻨﺎ‬sākinan) he doesn’t budge, he doesn’t hend
his little finger, he remains immobile, apathetic; ‫( ﺣـﺮك ﺳـﺎﻛﻨﻪ‬sākinahū) to
rouse s.o., put s.o. in a state of excitement, commotion or agitation V to
move, be in motion, stir, hudge; to start moving, get moving; to start out, get
underway (traveler); to depart, leave (train); to put out, to sail (fleet); to he
set in motion, be driven, be operated; to be agitated, be excited, be
stimulated; to be awakened, be roused, be fomented, be provoked, be caused
‫ ﺣﺮك‬ḥarik lively, active, brisk, agile, nimble
‫ ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ‬ḥaraka pl. -āt movement, motion; commotion; physical exercise;
Confidential
stirring, impulse; proceeding, procedure, policy; action, undertaking,
enterprise; military operation; continuation, progress; traffic (rail,
ohipplng, otreet); movement (as a social phenomenon); vowel (gram.) |
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺗـﻪ وﺳـﻜﻨﺎﺗﻪ‬ (sakanātihī) in all his doings; in every situation;
‫ﰲ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ اﳌـﺮور‬
(through) traffic; ‫ﺣﺮﻛــﺔ اﳌﺮاﻛــﺐ‬ shipplng traffic; ‫ﺣﺮﻛــﺔ اﻟﺒﻀــﺎﺋﻊ‬ exchange of
goods;‫ ﺣﺮﻛــﺔ اﻷﻣ ـﻮال‬turnover (com.); ‫( اﳊﺮﻛــﺔ اﻟﻨﺴــﻮﻳﺔ‬niswīya) feminist

movement; ‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ اﳊﺮﻛـﺔ‬nimble, lithe, light, quick, agile, adroit; ‫ﺛﻘﻴـﻞ اﳊﺮﻛـﺔ‬
slow in motion, heavy-handed, clumsy, sluggish, lumbering, inert, indolent
O ‫ ﺣﺮﻛﻲ‬ḥarakī kinetic (phys.)
‫ ﺣﺮاك‬ḥarāk movement, motion
‫ ﳏﺮك‬maḥrak path, trajectory (of a projectile)
‫ ﳏﺮاك‬miḥrāk poker, fire iron
‫ ﲢﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬taḥrīkī dynamic
‫ ﲢـﺮك‬taḥarruk pl. -āt movement, motion; forward motion; start; departure;
sailing (of a fleet)
‫ ﺣﺎرك‬ḥārik withers
300
‫ ﳏـﺮك‬muḥarrik mover, stirrer; rouser, inciter, fomenter, awakener, agent;

instigator; -- (pl. -M) motive, springs, incentive, spur, motivating
circumstance, causative factor; motor, engine (tech.)
‫ ﻣﺘﺤـﺮك‬mutaḥarrik moving, movable, mobile; pronounced with following
vowel, voweled, vowelized (consonant; gram.) |‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺻـﻮر‬ṣuwar) movies,
motion pictures
‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺚ‬ḥarkata (and ‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺶ‬ḥarkaša) to stir up, agitate, excite, thrill
‫ ﺣﺮم‬ḥaruma u, ḥarima a to be forbidden, prohibited, interdicted, unlawful,
unpermitted (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); -- ḥarama i (ḥirm, ‫ﺣﺮﻣـﺎن‬ ḥirmān) to deprive,
bereave, dispossess, divest (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. of s.th.) take away, withdraw,
withhold (‫ ﻫـ ه‬or ‫ ﻫـ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬form s.o. s.th.), deny, refuse (‫ ﻫـ ه‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to exclude, debar, preclude, cut off (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. from
s.th.); to excommunicate (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to declare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) sacred, sacrosanct,
inviolable, or taboo, to taboo (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to declare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) unlawful, not
permissible, forbid, interdict, proscribe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., j. to s.o.); to render (‫ ه‬s.o.)
Confidential
immune or proof (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬against), immunize (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. against) |‫ﺣﺮﻣـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
to deny o.s. s.th., abstain, refrain from s.th. IV to excommunicate (‫ ه‬s.o.;
Chr.); to enter into the state of ritual consecration (esp., of a Mecca pilgrim;
see ‫ اﺣﺮام‬iḥrām) V to be forbidden, interdicted, prohibited; to be holy, sacred,
sacrosanct, inviolable VIII to honor, revere, venerate, esteem, respect (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.) |‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
‫ اﺣـﱰم‬to be self-respecting X to deem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) sacrosanct,
sacred, holy, inviolable; to deem (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) unlawful or unpermissible
‫ ﺣﺮم‬ḥirm excommunication (Chr.)
‫ ﺣـﺮم‬ḥaram p1. ‫ اﺣـﺮام‬aḥrām forbidden, prohibited, interdicted; taboo; holy,
sacred, sacrosanct; s.th. sacred, sacred object; sacred possession; wife;
sanctum, sanctuary, sacred precinct; ‫ اﳊﺮﻣـﺎن‬the two Holy Places, Mecca and
Medina |‫اﳊﺮﻣﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﺚ‬ tālit al-ḥaramain the third Holy Place, i.e., Jerusalem
‫ ﺣﺮﻣــﺔ‬ḥurma pl. -āt, ḥurumāt, ḥuramāt holiness, sacredness, sanctity,
sacrosanctity, inviolability; reverence, veneration, esteem, deference,
respect; that which is holy, sacred, sacrosanct, inviolable, or taboo; -- (pl.
‫ ﺣﺮم‬ḥuram) woman, lady; wife
301
‫ ﺣـﺮام‬ḥarām pl. ‫ ﺣـﺮم‬ḥurum forbidden, interdicted, prohibited, unlawful;

s.th. forbidden, offense, sin; inviolable, taboo; sacred, sacrosanct; cursed,
accursed |‫ﺣـﺮام‬ ‫ اﺑـﻦ‬ibn ḥ. illegitimate son, bastard; ‫ اﻻراﺿـﻲ اﳊـﺮام‬no man’s
land; neutral territory; ‫( اﻟﺒﻴﺖ اﳊﺮام‬bait) the Kaaba; ‫( اﻟﺸـﻬﺮ اﳊـﺮام‬šahr) the Holy
Month Muharram; ‫( اﳌﺴـﺠﺪ اﳊـﺮام‬masjid) the Holy Mosque in Mecca; ‫ﺣـﺮام‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬you mustn’t do (say) that! ‫ ﳊﺮام‬illicitly, illegally, unlawfully
‫ ﺣـﺮام‬ḥirām pl. -āt, ‫ اﺣﺮﻣـﺔ‬aḥrima a woolen blanket (worn as a garment
around head and body)
‫ ﺣـﺮﱘ‬ḥarīm pl. ‫ ﺣـﺮم‬ḥurum a sacred, inviolable place, sanctum, sanctuary,
sacred, precinct; harem; female members of the family, women; wife
‫ ﺣﺮﳝﻲ‬ḥarīmī women’s (in compounds), for women
‫ ﺣﺮوم‬ḥurūm pl. -āt excommunication (Chr.)
‫ ﺣﺮاﻣﻲ‬ḥarāmī pl. -īya thief, robber, bandit
‫ ﺣﺮﻣﺎن‬ḥirmān deprivation, bereavement, dispossession (of s.o., ‫ ﻣﻦ‬of s.th.)
debarment, exclusion, preclusion (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬from); excommunication (CHr.);
Confidential
privation |‫ ﺣﺮﻣﺎن اﻻرث‬ḥ. al-irt exclusion from inheritance, disinheritance (Isl.
Law)
‫ ﳏــﺮم‬maḥram pl. ‫ ﳏــﺎرم‬maḥārim2 s.th. forbidden. inviolable, taboo,
sacrosanct, holy, or sacred; unmarriageable, being in a degree of
consanguinity precluding marriage (Isl. Law)
‫ ﳏﺮﻣﺔ‬maḥrama pl. ‫ ﳏﺎرم‬maḥārim2 handkerchief
‫ ﲢﺮﱘ‬taḥrīm forbiddance, interdiction, prohibition, ban
‫ اﺣـﺮام‬iḥrām state of ritual consecration of the Mecca pilgrim (during
which the pilgrim, wearing two seamless woolen or linen sheets, usually
white, neither combs nor shaves, and observes sexual continence); garments
of the Mecca pilgrim
‫ اﺣ ـﱰام‬iḥtirām pl. -āt deference, respect, regard, esteem, reverence;
honoring (e.g., of a privilege); pl. honors, respects, tributes
‫ ﳏـﺮوم‬maḥrūm deprived, bereaved, bereft (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); excluded, precluded,
debarred (‫ ﻣ ــﻦ‬from); suffering privation (as opposed to ‫;)ﻣ ــﺮزوق‬
excommunicated (Chr.)
‫ ﳏــﺮم‬muḥarram forbidden, interdicted; Muharram, name of the first
Islamic month; ‫اﳊﺮام‬ ‫ ﳏﺮم‬m. al-ḥarām honorific name of this month
302
‫ ﳏــﺮم‬muḥrim Mecca pilgrim who has entered the state of ritual

consecration (see ‫ اﺣﺮام‬iḥrām)
‫ ﳏـﱰم‬muḥtaram honored, revered, venerated, esteemed, respected; (in the
salutation of letters:) my dear …; venerable, reverend; notable, remarkable,
considerable
‫ ﺣﺮﻣﻞ‬ḥarmal African rue (Peganum harmala L.; bot.)
‫ ﺣﺮﻣـﻞ‬ḥarmala pl. ‫ ﺣﺮاﻣـﻞ‬ḥarāmil2 loose wrap worn over the shoulders
(garment of the dervishes)
‫ ﺣــﺮن‬ḥarana, ḥaruna u (‫ ﺣــﺮن‬ḥiran, ḥuran) to be obstinate, stubborn,
headstrong
‫ ﺣــﺮون‬ḥarūn pl. ‫ ﺣــﺮن‬ḥurun obstinate, stubborn, refractory, reluctant,
resistant
‫ ﺣﺎرون‬ḥārūn brazior
‫ ﺣـﺮوة‬ḥarwa burning; wrath, rage; acridity, pungency (of taste); pungent,
disagreeable odor
‫ ﺣـﺮى‬V to seek, pursue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), strive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), asplre (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to examine,
Confidential
investigate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to inquire (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬into), make inquiries (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬
about); to be intent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.), take cars (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), attend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th., also
‫)ﰲ‬, look (‫ ﻫـ‬after s.th., also ‫ ;)ﰲ‬to see to it (‫ ان‬that)

‫ ﳊﺮى‬bi-l-ḥarā hardly, barely
‫ ﺣــﺮى‬ḥarīy pl. ‫ اﺣــﺮ ء‬aḥriyā’ adequate, appropriate, suitable (‫ ب‬for),
worthy (‫ ب‬of s.th.) | ‫ﻟـﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫( ﺣﺮى‬dikr) worth mentioning, considerable; ‫ﺣـﺮي‬
‫ ﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬credible, believable; ‫ او ﳊﺮي‬or to be exact, or rather
‫ اﺣﺮى‬aḥrā more adequate, more proper, more appropriate | ‫ او ﻻﺣـﺮى‬or to
tell the truth, or more explicitly, or put more exactly, or rather
‫ ﲢـﺮ‬taḥarrin pl. ‫ ﲢـﺮ ت‬taḥarriyāt inquiry; investigation | ‫ ﺷـﺮﻃﺔ اﻟﺘﺤـﺮي‬šurṭat
at-t. or ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮي‬ ‫ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬maṣlaḥat al-t. secret police
‫ ﺣـﺰ‬ḥazza u (ḥazz) to notch, nick, incise, indent (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), make an
incision, cut (‫ ﰲ‬into s.th.) II and VIII = I
‫ ﺣـﺰ‬ḥazz pl. ‫ ﺣـﺰوز‬ḥuzūz incision, notch, nick; the right time, the nick of
time
303
‫ ﺣـﺰة‬ḥazza incision, notch, nick; tim; the right time, the nick of time;
predicament, plight
‫ ﺣﺰاز‬ḥazāz head scurf, ringworm; tetter, eruption (med.)
‫ ﺣﺰازة‬ḥazāza rancor, hatred, hate
‫ ﳏﺰ‬maḥazz notch, nick |‫ اﺻـﺎب اﶈـﺰ‬to find the right solution, hit the nail on
the head, hit the mark, strike home
‫ ﺣـﺰب‬ḥazaba u (ḥazb) to befall (‫ ه‬s.o.), happen, occur (‫ ه‬to s.o.) | ‫ﺣـﺰب‬
‫ اﻻﻣـﺮ‬the matter became serious II to rally (‫ ه‬s.o.); to form or found a party
111 to side, take sides (‫ ه‬with), be an adherent (‫ ه‬of s.o.) V to take sides; to
form a party, make common cause, join forces
‫ ﺣـﺰب‬ḥizb pl. ‫ اﺣـﺰاب‬aḥzāb group, troop, band, gang; party (pol.); the 60th
part of the Koran | ‫ ﻫـﻮ ﻣـﻦ اﺣﺰاﺑـﻪ‬he belongs to his clique. he is of the ...me
breed
‫ ﺣﺰﰊ‬ḥizbī party (adj.), factional
‫ ﺣﺰﺑﻴﺔ‬ḥizbīya party activities; partisanship, partiality; factionalism
‫ ﺣﻴﺰﺑﻮن‬ḥaizabūn old hag
Confidential
‫ ﲢﺰب‬taḥazzub factiousness; factionalism
‫ ﺣﺎزب‬ḥāzib: ‫ ﺣﺰﺑﻪ ﺣﺎزب‬ḥazabahū ḥāzib he met with a mishap
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺰب‬mutaḥazzib partial, biased; partisan
‫ ﺣـﺰر‬ḥazara i u (ḥazr, ‫ ﳏـﺰرة‬maḥzara) to estimate, assess, appraise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to make a rough estimate (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.), guess (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺰر‬ḥazr estimation, assessment, appraisal; conjecture, guess, surmise
‫ ﺣﺰورة‬ḥazūra riddle, puzzle
‫ ﳏــﺰرة‬maḥzara estimation, assessment, appraisal; conjecture, guess,
surmise
‫ ﺣﺰﻳﺮان‬ḥazīrān June (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)
‫ ﺣﺰﻗﺎﱐ‬ḥuzuqqānī choleric
‫ ﺣﺰوﻗﺔ‬ḥazūqa, ‫ ﺣﺎزوﻗﺔ‬ḥāzūqa hiccups
‫ ﺣـﺰم‬ḥazama i (ḥazm) to tie up, bundle, wrap up, pack, do up in a package
or bundle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to girth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal); to make fast, fasten, tie (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |
‫( ﺣـﺰم اﻣـﺮﻩ‬amrahū) to take matters firmly in hand; -- ḥazuma u (ḥazm, ‫ﺣﺰاﻣـﺔ‬
304
ḥazāma, ‫ ﺣﺰوﻣـﺔ‬ḥuzūma) to be resolute, firm, stouthearted, intrepid II to gird

(‫ ه‬s.o.) V and VIII to be girded; to gird o.s. put on a belt
‫ﺣــﺰم‬ḥazm packing, packaging, wrapping; determination, resoluteness,
firmness, energy; judiciousness, discretion, prudence
‫ ﺣﺰﻣـﺔ‬ḥuzma pl. ‫ ﺣـﺰم‬ḥuzam s.th. wrapped up or tied up, bundle, fagot,
fascine; beam of rays, radiation beam (phys.); bunch (of herb., etc.); sheaf;
package, parcel
‫ ﺣ ـﺰام‬ḥzām pl. -āt, ‫ اﺣﺰﻣــﺔ‬aḥzima, ‫ ﺣــﺰم‬ḥuzum belt, girth; girdle;
cummerbund, waistband (worn over the caftan to fasten it); sword belt | ‫ﺣﺰام‬
‫ اﻻﻣﻦ‬ḥ. al-amn wety belt
‫ اﺣﺰم‬aḥzam2 more resolute: more judicious
‫ ﺣـﺎزم‬ḥāzim pl. ‫ ﺣﺰﻣـﺔ‬ḥazama and ‫ ﺣـﺰﱘ‬ḥazīm pl. ‫ ﺣﺰﻣـﺎء‬ḥuzamā’ resolute,
energetic; judicious, discreet, prudent
‫ ﺣـﺰن‬ḥazana u to make sad, sadden, grieve (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ḥazina a (ḥuzn,
ḥazan) to be sad, grieved (‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at or because of): to grieve. mourn (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Confidential
over) II and IV to make sad, sadden, grieve (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺣﺰن‬ḥuzn pl. ‫ اﺣﺰان‬aḥzān sadness, grief, sorrow, affliction
‫ ﺣﺰن‬ḥazn pl. ‫ ﺣﺰون‬ḥuzūn rough, rugged, hard ground
‫ ﺣﺰن‬ḥazin sad, mournful, grieved
‫ ﺣـﺰﻳﻦ‬ḥazīn pl. ‫ﺣـﺰ ء‬ḥuzanā’2, ‫ ﺣـﺰاﱏ‬ḥazānā sad; mourning (for a deceased
person); sorrowing, mournful, grieved |‫اﳊﺰﻳﻨـﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻌـﺔ‬ (jum‘a) Good Friday
(Chr.)
‫ ﺣﺰ ن‬ḥaznān2 very sad, very grieved, worried; in mourning
‫ ﺣـﺰاﻳﲏ‬ḥazāyinī (‫ ﺣـﺰاﺋﲏ‬ḥazā’inī) sad, mournful, melancholic; mourning (in
compounds), mortuary, funereal |‫ﺣـﺰاﻳﲏ‬ ‫ﻗﻤـﺎش‬ (qumāš) cloth for mourning
garments
‫ ﲢﺰن‬taḥazzun sadness; behavior of a mourner
‫ ﳏﺰون‬maḥzūn grieved, grief-stricken, pained, sad, saddened
‫ ﳏــﺰن‬muḥzin grievous, saddening; sad; melancholic; tragic: ‫ﳏــﺰ ت‬
muḥzināt grievous things | ‫ﻗﺼــﺔ ﲤﺜﻴﻠﻴـﺔ ﳏﺰﻧـﺔ‬ (qiṣṣa tamtīlīya) and ‫رواﻳـﺔ ﳏﺰﻧــﺔ‬
(riwāya) tragedy (theat.)
305
‫ ﺣـﺲ‬ḥassa (1st pers. perf. ḥasastu) u (ḥass) to curry, currycomb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an

animal); to feel, sense (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); -- ḥassa (1st pers. perf. ḥasistu) a to feel srry,
feel sympathy or compassion (‫ ل‬for), sympathize (‫ ل‬with), II to grope, feel
IV to perceive, sense, experience (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to feel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to
notice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to hear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a sound, a noise, etc.); to take notice (‫ ه‬of
s.o.) V to grope, probe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.), finger, handle, touch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), run the
hand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th.); to grope about, feel around: to seek information, make
inquiries (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬about); to sense, experience, perceive (‫ب‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to feel (‫ب‬
s.th.); to be affected, be deeply touched (‫ ب‬by s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺲ‬ḥass sensation, perception, feeling, sentiment
‫ ﺣـﺲ‬ḥiss sensory perception, sensation; feeling, sentiment; sense; voice;
sound; noise
‫ ﺣﺴــﻲ‬ḥissī sensory; sensuous; perceptible; palpable |O ‫اﳌــﺬﻫﺐ اﳊﺴــﻲ‬
(madhab) sensationalism, sensualism
Confidential
‫ ﺣﺴﻴﺎت‬ḥissīyāt sensations
‫ ﺣﺴﻴﺲ‬ḥasīs faint noise
‫ ﺣﺴـﺎس‬ḥassās sensitive; sensible; readily affected, susceptible; sensual
(pleasure)
‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬ḥassāsa sensory organ
‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻲ‬ḥassāsī allergic | ‫ اﻣﺮاض ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬allergic diseases, allergies (med.)
‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬ḥassāsīya sensitivity (also techn.); sensibility; faculty of sensory
perception; susceptibility; sensuality | ‫ﻣــﺮض اﳊﺴﺎﺳــﻴﺔ‬ maraḍ al-ḥ. allergy
(med.)
‫ ﳏﺴﺔ‬miḥassa currycomb
‫ اﺣﺴـﺎس‬iḥsās pl. -āt, ‫ اﺣﺎﺳـﻴﺲ‬aḥāsīs2 feel, feeling: sensation, sense (‫ ب‬of
s.th.) perception (‫ ب‬of s.th.); sensitivity; pl.
‫ اﺣﺴﺎﺳـﺎت‬feelings, sentiments
|O ‫ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻟﻨﻮر‬sensitivity to light; O ‫ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻻﺣﺴﺎس‬highly sensitive; ‫اﺣﺴﺎس‬
‫( ﻣﺸﱰك‬muštarak) feeling of harmony, concord, unanimity; ‫ ﻗﻠـﺔ اﻻﺣﺴـﺎس‬qillat

al-i. insensitivity, dullness, obtuseness
O ‫اﻻﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬aṭ-ṭā’ifa al-iḥsāsīya the impressionists
306
‫ ﺣﺎﺳـﺔ‬ḥāssa pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮاس‬ḥawāss2 senastion; sense | ‫ اﳊـﻮاس اﳋﻤـﺲ‬the five

senses
‫ ﳏﺴـﻮس‬maḥsūs felt; sensed; perceptible, noticeable, palpable, tangible;
appreciable, considerable (e.g., loss); ‫ اﶈﺴــﻮس‬that which ill perceptible
through the senses; appearance, evidence; ‫ اﶈﺴﻮﺳــﺎت‬things perceptible
through the senses
‫ ﺣﺴـﺐ‬ḥasaba u (ḥasb, ‫ ﺣﺴـﺎب‬ḥisāb, ‫ ﺣﺴـﺒﺎن‬ḥisbān, ḥusbān) to compute,
reckon, calculate; to count; to charge, debit (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s
account); to credit (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ل‬ s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account) | ‫ﺣﺴــﺐ ﺣﺴــﺎﺑﻪ‬
(ḥisābahū) to take s.th. or s.o. into account or into consideration, reckon
with s.th. or s.o., count on s.th. or s.o.; ‫ل ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫( ﺣﺴﺎ‬ḥisāban) do.; to attach
importance to s.o. or s.th.; ‫( ﺣﺴـﺐ اﻟـﻒ ﺣﺴـﺎب ل‬alfa) to hove a thousand
apprehensions about …; -- ḥasiba a i (‫ ﺣﺴــﺒﺎن‬ḥisbān, ‫ ﳏﺴــﺒﺎ‬maḥsaba,
maḥsiba) to regard (‫ه‬ ‫ه‬ s.o. as), consider, deem (‫ه‬

‫ ه‬s.o. to be …); to
think, believe, suppose, assume; to consider, regard (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. as belonging
Confidential
to), count (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. among); to see (‫ ﻫ ـ ﰲ‬in s.o. s.th.); -- ḥasuba u (ḥasab,
‫ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﺔ‬ḥasāba) to be of noble origin, be highborn; to be highly esteemed, be
valued III to settle an account, get even (with s.o.); to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
account, ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for an accounting; to hold (‫ ه‬s.o.) responsible, make (‫ه‬
s.o.) answerable | ‫ ﺣﺎﺳـﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to be careful, be on one’s guard V to be
careful, be on one’s guard; to take precautions; to seek to know, try to find
out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to settle a mutual account VIII to debit or credit; to take into
account, take into consideration (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to reckon (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); (to
anticipate a reward in the hereafter by adding a pious deed to one’s account
with God -- such as resigning in God’s will at the death of a relative; hence:)
‫ اﺣﺘﺴـﺐ وﻟـﺪا‬waladan) to give a son, be bereaved of a son; ‫اﺣﺘﺴـﺐ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﷲ‬
‫ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬to sacrifice s.th. in anticipation of God’s reward in the hereafter; to
charge (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th. for); to think, believe, suppose; to take (‫ ه ه‬s.o. for or to
be …); to be content, content o.s.(‫ ب‬with); to disapprove (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in
307
s.o.), take exception (‫ﻫـ‬‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.th. in s.o.), reject (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th. in s.o.); to call
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) to account, ask (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) for an accounting
‫ ﺣﺴـﺐ‬ḥasb reckoning, computing, calculation; thinking, opinion, view;
sufficiency |‫درﻫـﻢ‬ (‫ ﺣﺴـﺒﻚ )ﲝﺴـﺒﻚ‬ḥasbuka (bi-ḥasbika) dirhamun one dirham
is enough for you; ‫ ﺣﺴـﺒﻚ ان‬it suffices to say that …; you know enough
when you hear that …; you need only ... ; ‫( ﲝﺴـﺒﻚ ﻣﻘﻨﻌـﺎ ان‬muqni‘an) it will
be enough to convince you if …; ‫( وﺣﺴـﺒﻚ ـﺬا ﻛﻠـﻪ ﺷـﺮا‬bi-hādā kullihī šarran)
but enough of all these negative aspect! ‫ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‬fa-ḥasb and that’s all, and no
more, only (interchangeable with ‫)ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ ﺣﺴــﱯ‬ḥasbī ‫( ﳎﻠــﺲ ﺣﺴــﱯ‬majlis) pl. ‫ ﳎــﺎﻟﺲ ﺣﺴــﺒﻴﺔ‬guardianship court,
probate court (Eg.)
‫ ﺣﺴـﺐ‬ḥasab pl. ‫ اﺣﺴـﺎب‬aḥsāb measure, extent, degree, quantity, amount;
value; esteem, high regard enjoyed by s.o.; noble descent; ḥasaba (prep.),
‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ bi-ḥasabi and ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻰ‬alā ḥasabi according to, in accordance with,
Confidential
commensurate with, depending on
‫ ﺣﺴـﺒﻤﺎ‬ḥasbamā (conj.) according to what ... , as, depending on how …
|‫اﺗﻔﻖ‬ ‫( ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ‬ttafaqa) as chance will have it
‫ ﺣﺴﺒﺔ‬arithmetical problem, sum
‫ ﺣﺴﻴﺐ‬ḥasīb pl. ‫ ﺣﺴﺒﺎء‬ḥusabā’2 respected, esteemed; noble, of noble birth,
highborn
‫ ﺣﺴـﺒﺎن‬ḥusbān calculation, reckoning, accounnting; computation | ‫ﻛـﺎن ﰲ‬
‫ اﳊﺴـﺒﺎن‬to be taken into account, be taken into consideration; to be expected,
be anticipated; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﰲ اﳊﺴـﺒﺎن ان‬it was expected that ... ; ‫ ﺣﺴـﺒﺎﱐ ان‬I expect
that …
‫ ﺣﺴـﺎب‬ḥisāb arithmetic, reckoning, calculus; computation; calculation,
estimation, appraisal; accounting, settlement; consideration,
consideratedness; caution; -- (pl. -āt) bill, invoice; statement of costs (bank)
account; pl. ‫ ﺣﺴـﺎ ت‬bookkeeping |‫ ﺣﺴـﺎب اﳉﻤـﻞ‬ḥ. al-jummal (al-jumal) use
of the alphabetic letters according to their numerical value; ‫اﳊﺴـﺎب‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ‬ilm
al-ḥ. arithmetic; ‫ﺣﺴـﺎب اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿـﻞ‬ ḥ. al-tafāḍul differential calculus; ‫ﺣﺴـﺎب‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣـﻞ‬ḥ. at-takāmul integral calculus; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﰲ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﻪ‬he reckoned with it, he
308
expected it, he was prepared for it; ‫ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺣﺴـﺎ ﻟـﻪ‬to take s.o. or s.th. into
consideration; to reckon with s.o. or s.th.; ‫( اﳊﺴﺎب اﳋﺘﺎﻣﻲ‬ḳitāmī) and ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬
‫( ـﺎﺋﻲ‬nihā’ī) final statement of account, final accounting; ‫دﻋـﺎﻩ اﱃ اﳊﺴـﺎب‬
(da‘āhū) he called him to account; ‫ ﻳــﻮم اﳊﺴــﺎب‬yaum al-ḥ. the Day of
Reckoning, Judgment Day; ‫ اﻗـﺎم ﺣﺴـﺎ ل‬to render account to s.o.; ‫ﺑـﻼ ﺣﺴـﺎب‬
without limit or bounds, to excess, to an unlimited extent; ‫ﻣـﻦ ﻏـﲑ ﺣﺴـﺎب‬
blindly, without forethought, at random; ‫ ﳊﺴـﺎب ﻓـﻼن‬to s.o.’s credit, to s.o.’s
advantage; ‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺣﺴــﺎب ﻓــﻼن‬to s.o.’s debit, at s.o.’s expense, to s.o.’s
disadvantage; ‫ ﻟﻘـﻲ ﺳـﻮء اﳊﺴـﺎب‬laqiya sū’a 1-ḥ. he got a raw deal, he was in
for it; ‫( ﺣﺴـﺎب ﺟـﺎر‬jārin) current account; ‫ ﺣﺴـﺎ ت ﺻـﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘـﻮﻓﲑ‬ḥ. ṣundūq at-
taufīr savings-bank accounts; ‫ ﺣﺴـﺎب ﻣﻮﻗـﻮف‬blocked account; ‫ﺣﺴـﺎ ت دوﺑﻴـﺔ‬

double-entry bookkeeping; ‫( اﳊﺴﺎب اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ‬šarqī) the Julian calendar; ‫اﳊﺴﺎب‬
‫( اﻟﻐﺮﰊ‬garbī) the Gregorian calendar
Confidential
‫ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ‬ḥisābī arithmetical, mathematical, computational
‫ ﳏﺎﺳـﺒﺔ‬muḥāsaba pl. -āt accounting; clearing (com.); bookkeeping; request
for accounting; examination of conscience (theol.) |‫اﶈﺎﺳـﺒﺔ‬
accounting department, comptroller’s office; clearing house
‫ﻗﺴـﻢ‬ qism al-m.
‫ اﺣﺘﺴــﺎب‬iḥtisāb computation; calculation, consideration, reflection;

debiting; crediting; valuation; contentedness, satisfaction
‫ ﺣﺎﺳﺐ‬ḥāsib counter, reckoner, arithmetician, calculator, computer
‫ ﳏﺴـﻮب‬maḥsūb pl. -ūn, ‫ ﳏﺎﺳـﺐ‬maḥāsib2 protégé, pet, favorite; obedient,
subservient (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.)
‫ ﳏﺴــﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬maḥsūbīya esteem enjoyed by s.o., position of distinction;
patronage, favored position, favoritism
‫ ﳏﺎﺳــﺐ‬muḥāsib, ‫ ﳏﺎﺳــﺒﺠﻲ‬muḥāsibgī (eg.) accountant, bookkeeper;
comptroller, auditor
‫ ﳏﺘﺴـﺐ‬muḥtasab that for which one can expect reward in the hereafter
(e.g., suffering, loss, etc.)
‫ ﺣﺴـﺪ‬ḥasada u (ḥasad) to envy, grudge (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be envious
(‫ ه‬of s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬because of s.th.) VI to envy each other
309
‫ ﺣﺴﺪ‬ḥasad envy
‫ ﺣﺴﻮد‬pl. ‫ ﺣﺴﺪ‬ḥusud envious
‫ ﲢﺎﺳﺪ‬taḥāsud mutual envy
‫ ﺣﺎﺳﺪ‬pl. ‫ ﺣﺴﺎد‬ḥussād, ‫ ﺣﺴﺪة‬ḥasada envious; envier, grudger
‫ ﳏﺴﻮد‬maḥsūd envied; smitten by the evil eye
‫ ﺣﺴـﺮ‬ḥasara u i (ḥasr) to pull away or off, remove (‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., a cover, a
veil, from); to uncover, lay bare, unveil (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); -- (ḥusūr) to become dim
(sight); -- ḥasira a ((ḥasar, ‫ ﺣﺴـﺮة‬ḥasra) to regret (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), be grieved, be
pained (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬by s.th.); to sigh (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th.); -- ḥasara i, ḥasira a (ḥasar) to
become tired, fatigued II to fatigue, tire, weaken, sap (‫ ه‬s.o.); to grieve,
sadden (‫ ه‬s.o.), cause pain or grief (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to remove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a cover, ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from), lay bare, unveil (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) V to be distressed, be pained, be grieved
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬by); to sigh (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over) VII to be pulled away or off, be removed (‫ﻋـﻦ‬

‫ﻋــﻦ‬
Confidential
from); to be rolled up. be turned back (sleeve, from the arm); to
disappear suddenly (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫ ﺣﺴ ــﺮ‬ḥasar fatigue, debility, weakness |‫ ﺣﺴ ــﺮ اﻟﺒﺼ ــﺮ‬ḥ. al-baṣar

nearsightedness, myopia
‫ ﺣﺴﺮ‬ḥasir grieved, sad; fatigued, languid, weary, tired
‫ ﺣﺴـﺮ‬ḥasra pl. ḥasarāt grief, sorrow, pain, distress, affliction; sigh |
‫ ﻟﻠﺤﺴـﺮة‬yā la-l-ḥasrati alas! Unfortunately! ‫ﺣﺴـﺮﰐ‬ yā ḥasratī and ‫وا ﺣﺴـﺮ ﻩ‬
wā ḥasratāh what a pity! too bad!
‫ ﺣﺴـﲑ‬ḥasīr pl. ‫ ﺣﺴـﺮى‬ḥasrā tired, weary, fatigued, exhausted; dim, dull
(eye), nearsighted |‫اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﲑ‬ ḥ. al-baṣar nearsighted, myopic
‫ ﺣﺴﻮر‬ḥasūr nearsightedness, myopia
‫ ﺣﺴﺮان‬ḥasrān regretful, sorry, sad, distressed, grieved
‫ ﲢﺴﺮ‬taḥassur sighing; regret
‫ ﺣﺎﺳـﺮ‬ḥāsir pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاﺳـﺮ‬ḥawāsir2 bared, denuded | ‫ ﺣﺎﺳـﺮ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬ḥ. al-baṣar
nearsighted, myopic; ‫اﻟﺮأس‬ ‫ ﺣﺎﺳﺮ‬ḥ. ar-ra’s bareheaded, hatless
‫ ﺣﺴـﻚ‬ḥasak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬thorns, spines; spikes, pricks; fish bones;
awns, beard (bot.); name of several prickly herbs, esp. of the genus Tribulus
310
‫ ﺣﺴﻜﻲ‬ḥasakī thorny, prickly, spiny

‫ ﺣﺴـﻢ‬ḥasama i (ḥasm) to cut, sever, cut off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to finish, complete,
terminate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to decide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a question); to settle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an argument); to
deduct, discount (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an amount from a sum of money) VII to be severed, be
cut off; to be finished, be completed, be terminated; to be settled (argument)
‫ ﺣﺴــﻢ‬ḥasm finishing, completion, termination; decision; settling,
settlement (of an argument); discontinuance, shutdown, closing down;
deduction, discounting (of an amount)
‫ ﺣﺴﺎم‬ḥusām sword, sword edge
‫ ﺣﺴﻮم‬ḥasūm fatal, trying, grueling (pl.; days, nights, also years)
‫ ﺣﺎﺳﻢ‬ḥāsim decisive; final, peremptory, conclusive, definite, definitive
‫ ﺣﺴـﻦ‬ḥasana u (ḥusn) to be handsome, beautiful, lovely, nice, fine, good;
to be expedient, advisable, suitable, proper, fitting; to be in a proper state, be
in a desirable condition |‫ﻟـﺪﻳﻚ‬ ‫ ان ﺣﺴـﻦ‬in ḥ. ladaika if you like it, if it seems
all right to you; ‫ان‬
‫ ﳛﺴـﻦ ﺑـﻚ‬it is to your advantage that you ... ; you ought to
…; ‫ ﺣﺴـﻦ اﺳـﺘﻌﺪادﻩ ل‬he was all willing to … II to beautify, embellish (‫ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
s.th.); to adorn, decorate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to improve, put into better form,
ameliorate, better (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make a better presentation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to

present in a favorable light, depict as nice or desirable (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.; to
sugar-coat, make more palatable (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. unpleasant, s.th. disadvantageous)
III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) with kindliness IV to do right, act well; to do (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th),
well, expertly, nicely; to know (‫ ﻫ ـ‬how to do s.th.), be able (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to do s.th.); to

master (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), have command (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), be proficient (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in s.th.; a
language, an art, a handicraft, etc.), be conversant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to do good,
be charitable; to do favors, do good (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.), do (‫ ب‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.) a

good turn, be nice, friendly (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.); to give alms, give charity (‫اﱃ‬
to s.o.) |‫ ﻣـﺎ اﺣﺴـﻨﻪ‬mā aḥsanahū how good he is! how handsome he is! ‫اﺣﺴـﻨﺖ‬
aḥsanta well done! bravo! ‫( اﺣﺴـﻦ اﻻﳌﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬almānīya) to master the German
language, know German well; ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ اﺣﺴﻦ‬to aim well or accurately; ‫اﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺸـﻮرﺗﻪ‬ (mašūratahū) to give good advice; ‫( اﺣﺴـﻦ اﻟﻈـﻦ ب‬ẓanna) to have a
311
good opinion of ... , judge s.th. favorably; ‫( اﺣﺴـﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘـﻪ‬mu‘āmalatahū) to

treat s.o. well V to become nicer, more handsome, more beautiful; to
improve, ameliorate, get better X to deem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) nice, etc., or good; to
regard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) as right, advisable or appropriate; to approve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.),
sanction, condone (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to come to like, to appreciate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), find
pleasure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in s.th.); also = IV: ‫اﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳـﺔ‬ ‫( اﺳﺘﺤﺴـﻦ‬ingilīzīya) to know English
well; pass. ustuḥsina to be good, commendable, advisable
‫ ﺣﺴــﻦ‬ḥusn beauty, handsomeness, prettiness, loveliness; excellence,
superiority, perfection |‫اﳊـﻆ‬ ‫ﳊﺴـﻦ‬ fortunately; ‫ ﺣﺴـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻠﻮك‬good manners,
good behavior; good conduct; ‫( ﺣﺴ ــﻦ اﻟﺴ ــﲑ واﻟﺴ ــﻠﻮك‬ḥ. as-sair) an
irreproachable life; ‫ﺣﺴــﻦ اﻟﺘﺼــﺮف‬ ḥ. al-taṣarruf discretion, individual
judgment; ‫ ﺣﺴــﻦ اﻟﻈــﻦ‬good opinion, favorable judgment; ‫ﺣﺴــﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺒــﲑ‬
euphemism; ‫ )ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻘﺼﺪ )اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ‬ḥ. al-qaṣd (an-nīya) good intention, good will,
good faith; ‫ﺣﺴـﻦ ﻳﻮﺳـﻒ‬ ḥ. yūsuf beauty spot, patch; ‫ﺳـﺖ اﳊﺴـﻦ‬ a kind of
Confidential
bindweed (Convolvulus cairicus L.; bot.); deadly nightshade, belladonna
‫ ﺣﺴـﻦ‬ḥasan pl. ‫ ﺣﺴـﺎن‬ḥisān beautiful, handsome, lovely; pretty, nice;
good, agreeable; excellent, superior, exquisite; ‫ﺣﺴــﻨﺎ‬ ḥasanan well,
splendidly, excellently, beautifully; ‫ اﳊﺴﺎن‬the ladies; -- high sandhill
‫ اﳊﺴﻨﻴﻮن‬al-ḥasanīyūn the Hasanides, the descendants of ḥasan, son of ‘Alī
and Fāṭima
‫ اﺣﺴـﻦ‬aḥsan2 pl. ‫ اﺣﺎﺳـﻦ‬aḥāsin2 better; nicer, lovelier, more beautiful;
more excellent, more splendid, more admirable|‫ﻣـﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻫـﻮ اﺣﺴـﻦ ﺣـﺎﻻ‬ he is
better off than they are; ‫ﻟــﱵ ﻫــﻲ اﺣﺴــﻦ‬ (bi-llatī) in a friendly manner,
amicably, with kindness
‫ ﺣﺴﻨﺎء‬ḥasnā’2 pl. ‫ ﺣﺴﺎن‬ḥisān (of a woman) beautiful, a beauty, a belle
‫ اﳊﺴـﲎ‬al-ḥusnā pl. -āt (f. of ‫ اﻻﺣﺴـﻦ‬al-aḥsan) the best outcome, the happy
ending; fair means, amicable manner |‫ ﳊﺴـﲎ‬amicably, by fair means, in a
friendly manner; ‫اﳊﺴﲎ‬ ‫( اﻻﲰﺎء‬asmā’) the 99 attributes of God
‫ ﺣﺴـﻨﺔ‬ḥasana pl. -āt good deed, benefaction; charity, alms; pl. ‫ﺣﺴـﻨﺎت‬
advantages, merits
312
‫ ﺣﺴﻮن‬ḥassūn pl. ‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﲔ‬ḥasāsīn2 gold-finch

‫ ﳏﺴــﻨﺔ‬maḥsana s.th. nice, s.th. good; advantage; pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﺳــﻦ‬maḥāsin2
beauties, charms, attractions, merits, advantages, good qualities
‫ ﲢﺴـﲔ‬taḥsīn beautification, embellishment; improvement, amelioration,
betterment; processing, refining, finishing; (pl. ‫ﲢﺎﺳـﲔ‬ taḥāsīn) ornament,
decoration |O ‫اﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫ ﲢﺴﲔ‬t. an-nasl eugenics
‫ ﳏﺎﺳﻨﺔ‬muḥāsana friendly treatment, kindliness amicability
‫ اﺣﺴﺎن‬iḥsān beneficence. charity, almsgiving, performance of good deeds
‫ ﲢﺴــﻦ‬taḥassun improvement, amelioration |‫ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺤﺴــﻦ‬on the way to
recovery
‫ اﺳﺘﺤﺴـﺎن‬istiḥsān approval, consent; acclaim; discretion; application of
discretion in a legal decision (Isl. Law)
‫ ﳏﺴـﻦ‬muḥassin embellisher, beautifier, improver; pl. ‫ ﳏﺴـﻨﺎت‬muḥassināt
cosmetics
‫ ﳏﺴﻦ‬muḥsin beneficent, charitable
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ‬mustaḥsan approved, commendable; pleasant, agreeable
Confidential
(‫ﺣﺴﺎ‬ (‫ ﺣﺴﻮ‬ḥasā u (ḥasw), V and VIII to drink, sip (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺴﻮ‬ḥasw and ‫ ﺣﺴﺎء‬ḥasā’ soup, broth
‫ ﺣﺴﻮة‬ḥaswa pl. ḥasawāt a sip
‫ ﺣﺴـﻮة‬ḥuswa pl. ḥusuwāt, ḥusawāt, ‫ اﺣﺴـﻴﺔ‬aḥasiya a sip, small quantity of
liquid; soup, broth; bouillon
‫ ﺣﺶ‬ḥašša u (ḥašš) to mow, cut (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II to smoke hashish
‫ ﺣﺸـﻴﺶ‬ḥašīš (coll.) pl. ‫ﺣﺸـﺎﺋﺶ‬hāšā’iš2 herbs, grasses; weeds; hay; hemp
(Cannabis sativa L.; bot.), hashish, Cannabis; stillborn child | ‫ ﺣﺸﻴﺶ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎر‬ḥ.
ad-dīnār hops
‫ ﺣﺸﻴﺸﺔ‬ḥašīša (n. un.) herb
‫ ﺣﺸﺎش‬ḥaššāš pl. -ūn smoker or chewer of hashish. hashish addict
‫ ﺣﺸﺎش‬ḥuššāš, ‫ ﺣﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ḥušāša last breath, last spark of life
‫ ﺣﺸﻴﺸﻲ‬ḥašīšī (eg.) sap-green, reseda-colored
‫ ﳏﺶ‬miḥašš, ‫ ﳏﺸﺔ‬miḥašša pl. ‫ ﳏﺎش‬maḥāšš2 sickle, scythe; fire iron, poker
‫ ﳏﺸﺔ‬miḥašša pl. -āt (eg.) tool for weeding, weeder
313
‫ ﳏﺸﺶ‬maḥšaš, ‫ ﳏﺸﺶ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬m. ḳāna hashish den

‫ ﳏﺸﺸﺔ‬pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﺷﺶ‬maḳāšiš2 hashish den
‫ ﺣﺸـﺪ‬ḥašada i u (ḥašd) to gather, concentrate, mass (‫ ه‬esp. troops), call
up, mobilize (‫ ه‬an army); to pile up, store up, accumulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬at a
place) II to amass, accumulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), mass, concentrate (‫ ه‬esp. troops) V
and VIII to rally, come together, assemble, gather, crowd together, throng
together; to be concentrated, be massed (troops); to fall into line (troops)
‫ ﺣﺸـﺪ‬ḥašd pl. ‫ ﺣﺸـﻮد‬ḥušūd assembling, rallying; gathering, assembly,
crowd, throng; concentration, massing (esp. of troops); mobilization. calling
up (of an army)
‫ ﺣﺸﺪ‬taḥaššud pl. -āt concentration (of troops)
‫ اﺣﺘﺸﺎد‬iḥtišād pl. -āt gathering, crowd; concentration (of troops)
‫ ﺣﺸﻴﺪ‬numerous (of an assembly), crowded (of a public demonstration)
O ‫ ﺣﺎﺷﺪة‬ḥāšida battery (el.)
‫ ﺣﺸـﺮ‬ḥašara i u (ḥašr) to gather, assemble, rally (‫ ه‬people); to cram,
Confidential
crowd, pack, jam (together); to squeeze. press, force, stuff, tuck (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. into)
‫ ﻳـﻮم اﳊﺸـﺮ‬yaum al-ḥašr the day of congregation (of the dead), the Day of
resurrection
‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﺣﺸـﺮة‬ḥašara pl. -āt insect; pl. vermin, insect pests | ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳊﺸـﺮات‬ilm al-ḥ.
entomology
‫ ﺣﺸﺮي‬ḥašarī insectile, insectival, insect- (in compounds); entomologic(al)
‫ ﺣﺸﺮج‬ḥašraja and II taḥašraja to rattle in the throat
‫ ﺣﺸﺮﺟﺔ‬ḥašraja rattling, rattle in the throat
‫ ﺣﺸﻒ‬V to be dressed shabbily, dress slovenly
‫ ﺣﺸﻒ‬ḥašaf dates of inferior quality
‫ ﺣﺸﻔﺔ‬ḥašafa glans (penis; anat.)
‫ ﺣﺸﻚ‬ḥašaka i (ḥašk) to cram, jam, squeeze, stuff (‫ ﰲ ﻫـ‬s.th. into)
‫ ﺣﺸﻢ‬ḥašama i (ḥašm) to shame, put to shame (‫ ه‬s.o.) 11 and IV do. V and
VIII to be ashamed to face s.o. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫;)ﻋـﻦ‬ to be reticent, modest, shy,
bashful, diffident
‫ ﺣﺸﻢ‬ḥašam servants, retinue, entourage, suite
314
‫ ﺣﺸـﻤﺔ‬ḥišma shame, bashfulness, timidity, diffidence; modesty; decency,

decorum
‫ ﺣﺸﻴﻢ‬ḥašīm pl. ‫ ﺣﺸﻤﺎء‬ḥušamā’2 modest, timid, bashful, shy, diffident
‫ ﳏﺎﺷﻢ‬maḥāšim2 pubes, genitals
‫ ﲢﺸـﻢ‬taḥaššum and ‫ اﺣﺘﺸـﺎم‬iḥtišām shame, shyness, modesty, reticent,
decency, decorum
‫ ﳏﺘﺸﻢ‬muḥtašim shy, bashful; modest, reticent, decent, decorous
‫ )ﺣﺸـﺎ )ﺣﺸـﻮ‬ḥaša u (ḥašw) to stuff, fill, dress (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with; esp. fowl,
etc.); to fill in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to load (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a firearm; ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with, e.g., a camera);
to fill (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a tooth); to insert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) 11 to interpalate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to insert (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to provide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) with a margin; to hem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a dress); to supply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
book) with marginal notes or glosses III to except, exclude (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. from)
V to keep away, stand aloof, abstain (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬from), avoid, shun (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.),
beware (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of), be on one’s guard (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬against) VI to keep away, abstain (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
Confidential
or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from), beware (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬of), avoid, shun (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺸـﻮ‬ḥašw that with which s.th. is stuffed or filled; dressing, stuffing (of
fowl, .to.); filling (of tooth); insertion; (gram.) parenthesis; interpolation
‫ ﺣﺸـﻮ‬ḥašwa pl. -āt filling, stuffing (cushion, cookery, etc.); load (of a
cartridge), charge (of a min.); panel, inlay, inserted piece (in paneling, in a
door)
‫ ﺣﺸـﺎ‬ḥašan pl. ‫ اﺣﺸـﺎء‬aḥšā’ bowels, intestines; interior, inside |‫ ﰲ اﺣﺸـﺎء‬in
the interior of, within, in
‫ ﺣﺸﻰ‬ḥašan = ‫ ﺣﺸﺎ‬ḥašan
‫ ﺣﺸﻴﺔ‬ḥašīya pl. –āt, ‫ ﺣﺸﺎ‬ḥašāyā cushion, pillow; mattress
‫ ﺣﺎﺷـﺎ‬ḥāšā (with genit., acc. or ‫ )ل‬except, save | ‫ ﺣﺎﺷـﺎ‬, ‫ ﺣﺎﺷـﻰ‬God
forbid! ‫ان‬
‫ ﺣﺎﺷـﺎ ﻟـﻚ‬far be it from you that you ...; ‫ ﺣـﺎش ﻟـﻚ‬, ‫( ﺣـﺎش‬ḥāša) =
‫ ﺣﺎﺷﺎ ﻟﻚ‬, ‫ﺣﺎﺷﺎ‬
‫ ﲢﺸﻴﺔ‬taḥšya insertion; interpolation
‫ ﲢﺎش‬taḥāšin avoidance
‫ ﺣﺎﺷـﻴﺔ‬ḥāšiya pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮاش‬ḥawāšin border; seam, hem; edge; margin (of a
book); marginal gives; marginal notes; commentary on certain words and
passages of a book, supercommentary; footnote; postscript; retinue,
315
entourage, suite, servants; dependents; pl. ‫ﺣـﻮاش‬ critical apparatus | ‫رﻗﻴـﻖ‬

‫اﳊﺎﺷـﻴﺔ‬ and‫ رﻗﻴـﻖ اﳊﻮاﺷـﻲ‬nice, polite, courteous, gracious, amiable, kindly,
friendly; ‫ رﻗﺔ اﳊﻬﺸﻴﺔ‬riqqat al-ḥāš. niceness, amiability, graciousness
‫ ﳏﺸــﻮ‬maḥšūw filled, dressed; stuffed; loaded (firearm); pl. ‫ﳏﺸـﻮات‬
maḥšūwāt filled, or stuffed, dishes
‫ ﳏﺸﻲ‬maḥšīy filled, stuffed (esp. food); s.th. filled or stuffed
‫ ﺣـﺺ‬ḥaṣṣa u to fall as a share (‫ ه‬to s.o.) III to share (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with s.o.)
IV to allot s.o. (‫ )ه‬his share
‫ ﺣﺺ‬ḥuṣṣ saffron
‫ ﺣﺼــﺔ‬ḥiṣṣa pl. ‫ ﺣﺼــﺺ‬ḥiṣaṣ share, portion, allotment; share (fin.);
contingent, quota; span of time; lesson, class period | ‫اﻟﺮﺑﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺔ ﰲ‬ḥ. fī r-rabḥ
dividend (fin.); O ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬
‫ ﺣﺼﺔ‬founders’ share; O ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم اﳊﺼﺺ‬quota system,
apportionment; ‫ ﰲ ﺣﺼﺔ وﺟﻴﺰة‬in a short time
‫ ﲢﺼﻴﺺ‬taḥṣīṣ quota system, apportionment
Confidential
‫ ﳏﺎﺻﺔ‬muḥāṣṣa allotment; sharing (with s.o.), partaking, participation
‫ ﺣﺼﺎﻟﺒﺎن‬see ‫ﺣﺼﻰ‬
‫ ﺣﺼـﺐ‬ḥaṣaba i u to cover or strew with pebbles or gravel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬ground); to
macadamize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬ground), metal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a road); -- ḥaṣiba a and pass. ḥuṣiba to
have the measle II to cover or strew with pebbles or gravel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬ground); to

macadamize (‫ ﻫـ‬ground), metal (‫ ﻫـ‬a road)
‫ ﺣﺼﺐ‬ḥaṣab road metal, crushed rock, ballast
‫ ﺣﺼﺐ‬ḥaṣbā’2 (coll.) pebbles; gravel
‫ ﺣﺼﺐ‬ḥaṣba measles (med.)
‫ ﺣﺎﺻﺒﺔ‬ḥāṣiba storm, hurricane
‫ ﺣﺼـﺤﺺ‬ḥaṣḥaṣa to be or become clear, plain, manifest; to come to light
(truth)
‫ ﺣﺼـﺪ‬ḥaṣada i u (ḥaṣd, ‫ ﺣﺼـﺎد‬ḥaṣad, ḥiṣad) to harvest, reap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
mow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV, VIII and X to be ripe
‫ ﺣﺼﺪ‬ḥaṣd and ‫ ﺣﺼﺎد‬ḥiṣād harvesting, reaping, harvest; ‫ ﺣﺼﺎد‬harvest time
316
‫ ﺣﺼـﻴﺪ‬ḥaṣid, ‫ ﺣﺼـﻴﺪة‬ḥaṣīda pl. ‫ ﺣﺼـﺎﺋﺪ‬ḥaṣā’id2 crop, harvest yield | ‫ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ‬

‫ وﺣﺼﻴﺪ‬everything without exception
‫ ﺣﺼﺎد‬ḥaṣṣād reaper; harvester
‫ ﳏﺼﺪ‬miḥṣad pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﺻﺪ‬maḥāṣid2 sickle
O ‫ﺣﺼـﺎدة‬ ḥaṣṣāda and O ‫ﳏﺼـﺪة‬ miḥṣada mowing machine, mower | O
‫( ﺣﺼﺎدة دراﺳﺔ‬darrāsa) combine
‫ ﺣﺎﺻﺪ‬ḥāṣid reaper
O ‫ ﺣﺎﺻﺪة‬ḥāṣid mowing machine, mower
‫ ﳏﺼﻮد‬maḥṣūd harvested, reaped, mown
‫ ﳏﺼﺪ‬muḥṣid and mustaḥṣid ripe
‫ ﺣﺼـﺮ‬ḥaṣara i u (ḥaṣr) to surround, encircle, encompass, ring (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
enclose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to parenthesize (‫ ﻫـ‬a word); to blockade (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
besiege, beleaguer (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to detain, deter, restrain, contain, hold
back (‫ ه‬s.o.); to limit, restrict (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th. to); to condense, reduce in
Confidential
scope (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to narrow down, confine (‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to, also a suspicion to
s.o.); to bring together, compile, arrange (‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. under a rubric); to enter
(‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in a list); to put together, set up, list, enumerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
comprise, contain, include, involve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); -- ḥaṣira a (ḥaṣar) to be in a fix,

be in a dilemma III to encircle, surround (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to shut off,
seclude (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to block (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to beleaguer, besiege (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to blockade (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to detain, deter, restrain (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to
be straitened, confined, narrowed in; to be or become restricted, limited (‫ب‬
or ‫ ﰲ‬to); to limit o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬to); to be condensed (‫ ﰲ‬to), be concentrated
(‫ ﰲ‬in); to be or become united (e.g., ‫ﲢـﺖ ﺣﻜﻤـﻪ‬ under s.o.’s rule); to be

reducible (‫ ﰲ‬to), be expressible (‫ ﰲ‬in terms of), consist (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ ﺣﺼ ــﺮ‬ḥaṣr encirclement, encompassment, enclosure, corralling;
parenthesizing; blocking, blockading, beleaguering, siege; detention,
determent; restraint, retention, containment, check; limitation, restriction,
confinement ~ narrowing; gathering, collecting (of s.th. scattered),
compilation; enumeration, listing, counting, computing; centralization,
317
concentration; (tobacco) monopoly | ‫ﳊﺼــﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺳــﺒﻴﻞ‬

strictly speaking;
‫ اﳊﺼﺮﺣﺼــﺮ‬exhaustively; ‫ ﺣﺼــﺮ اﻟﺘﻤــﻮﻳﻦ‬ḥ. al-tamwīn rationing; ‫ﻋﻼﻣــﺔ اﳊﺼــﺮ‬
‘alāmat al-ḥ. parentheses, brackets (typ.); ‫( ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﲢﺖ اﳊﺼـﺮ‬yadḳulu) or ‫ﻻ‬
‫( ﺣﺼـﺮ ﻟـﻪ‬ḥaṣra) boundless, infinite, immeasurable, innumerable; ‫ﻳﻔـﻮق اﳊﺼـﺮ‬
yafūqu al-ḥaṣra do.; O ‫ اﺟـﺎزة اﳊﺼـﺮ‬ijāzat al-ḥ. patent on an invention; ‫ادارة‬
‫ ﺣﺼــﺮ اﻟﺘﺒــﻎ واﻟﺘﻨﺒــﺎك‬idārat ḥ. at-tibg wa-t-tumbāk Government Tobacco
Monopoly (Syr.)
‫ ﺣﺼﺮ‬ḥuṣr retention (of urine); constipation
‫ ﺣﺼﺮ‬ḥaṣar dyslogia, inability to express o.s. effectively
‫ ﺣﺼﲑ‬ḥaṣīr pl. ‫ ﺣﺼﺮ‬ḥuṣur mat
‫ ﺣﺼﲑة‬ḥaṣīra pl. ‫ ﺣﺼﺎﺋﺮ‬ḥaṣā’ir2 mat
‫ ﺣﺼﺎر‬ḥiṣār block, blockage, barrier; blockade; siege
‫ ﳏﺎﺻﺮة‬muḥāṣara block, blockage, barrier; blockade; siege
‫ اﳓﺼﺎر‬inḥiṣār restrictedness, limitation, confinement; (tobacco) monopoly
Confidential
‫ ﳏﺼــﻮر‬maḥṣūr blocked, blockaded; beleaguered, besieged; limited,
restricted, confined (‫ ﰲ‬to); narrow
‫ ﺣﺼﺮم‬ḥiṣrim (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬unripe and sour grapes (syr.)
‫ ﺣﺼـﻒ‬ḥaṣufa u (‫ ﺣﺼـﻒ‬ḥaṣāfa) to have sound judgment, be judicious,
discriminating
‫ ﺣﺼﻒ‬ḥaṣif endowed with sound judgment, judicious, discriminating
‫ ﺣﺼﻴﻒ‬ḥaṣīf endowed with sound judgment, judicious, discriminating
‫ ﺣﺼﺎﻓﺔ‬ḥaṣāfa sound judgment, judiciousness
‫ ﺣﺼـﻞ‬ḥaṣala u (‫ ﺣﺼـﻮل‬ḥuṣūl) to set in; to be there, be existent, extant; to
arise, come about; to result, come out; to happen, occur, transpire, come to
pass, take place; to happen, occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come (‫ ل‬upon s.o.), befall,
overtake (‫ ل‬s.o.); to originate, emanate, derive, stem (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), be caused,

be produced (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by); to attain, obtain, get, receive, achieve (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), win
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. or s.th.); to come into possession (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.); to seek (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a
permit), apply (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for a permit); to collect, recover (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬a debt), call in (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
funds); to receive. take in (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) II to cause s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬to happen or set in;
318
to attain. obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to acquire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also knowledge); to infer,

deduce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to collect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a fee, fare, etc.), levy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬taxes, fees, etc.), call
in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬money); to summarize, sum up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to result (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), come
out (sum); to be obtained, be attained; to be raised, be levied, be required. be
demanded; to be taken in, come in (fees, taxes, funds); to be collected
(taxes); to procure for o.s., get (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to attain, receive, obtain (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.th.); to acquire (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to collect (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬fees) X to procure for o.s., get
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to attain. Receive, obtain (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to acquire (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺼـﻮل‬ḥuṣūl setting in, occurrence, incidence. happening (of an event or
process); obtainment. attainment (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.); achievement (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.);
acquisition (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.th.)

‫ ﺣﺼــﻴﻠﺔ‬ḥaṣīla pl. ‫ ﺣﺼــﺎﺋﻞ‬ḥaṣā’il2 rest, remainder; amount collected,
proceeds, returns; revenue, receipts, yield, income, takings
‫ ﺣﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬,‫ ﺣﻮﺻﻞ‬and ‫ ﺣﻮﻳﺼﻠﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺣﺼﺎﻟﺔ‬ḥaṣāla collection box, alms box
Confidential
‫ ﳏﺼﻞ‬maḥṣal result, outcome, upshot, issue
‫ ﲢﺼـﻴﻞ‬taḥṣīl pl. -āt attainment, obtainment, gain; acquisition (also of
knowledge); learning, studying, scientific studies; collection, raising,
levy(ing), calling in (of funds, taxes); income, revenue, receipts, returns,
proceeds; résumé, summary, gist (of a speech or opinion); ‫ﻣـﻦ ﲢﺼـﻴﻞ اﳊﺎﺻـﻞ‬
‫ ان ﻳﻘﺎل‬in summary, it may be said ...
‫ ﲢﺼﻴﻠﺠﻲ‬taḥṣīlgī (eg.) = ‫ ﳏﺼﻞ‬muḥaṣṣil
‫ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ‬ḥāṣil pl. ‫ﺣﻮاﺻــﻞ‬ ḥawāsil2 setting in, occurring, taking place,
happening; result, outcome, sum, total, product (also math.); revenues,
receipts, proceeds, gain; income, returns; crop, harvest; warehouse,
storehouse, granary, depot, magazine; main content, purport, gist, essence,
substance (of a speech); ‫اﳊﺎﺻـﻞ‬ briefly, in short; pl. ‫ﺣﺎﺻـﻼت‬ product(s),
yield. produce. production (econ.)
‫ ﳏﺼـﻮل‬maḥsūl pl. -āt, ‫ ﳏﺎﺻـﻞ‬maḥāṣīl2 result, outcome, issue; yield, gain;
product, produce; crop, harvest; production
‫ ﳏﺼﻞ‬muḥaṣṣil collector; tax collector; cashier; (bus, streetcar) conductor
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺼﻞ‬mutaḥaṣṣil yield, revenue, proceeds, receipts, returns (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
319
‫ ﺣﺼـﻦ‬ḥaṣuna u (‫ ﺣﺼـﺎﻧﺔ‬ḥaṣāna) to be inaccessible, be well fortified; to be

chaste (woman) II to make inaccessible (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to strengthen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
fortify, entrench (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to immunize, make proof (‫ ﺿﺪ‬ḍidda against) IV to
make inaccessible (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fortify, entrench (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be chaste, pure
(woman); to remain chaste, be of unblemished reputation (woman) V to
strengthen one’s position, protect o.s.; to be fortified; to be secure, be
protected
‫ ﺣﺼــﻦ‬ḥiṣn pl. ‫ ﺣﺼــﻮن‬ḥuṣūn fortress, fort, castle, citadel, stronghold;
fortification, entrenchment; protection | ‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ ﺣﺼﻦ‬Flying Fortress
‫ ﺣﺼـﺎن‬ḥiṣān pl. ‫ ﺣﺼـﻦ‬ḥuṣun, ‫ اﺣﺼـﻨﺔ‬aḥsina horse; stallion | ‫ ﺣﺼـﺎن اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ḥ.
al-baḥr hippopotamus; ‫ﲞﺎري‬ ‫( ﺣﺼﺎن‬buḳārī) iron horse; ‫ ﻗﻮة ﺣﺼﻦ‬qūwat ḥ., or
‫ ﺣﺼﺎن‬alone, horse power
‫ ﺣﺼــﲔ‬ḥaṣīn inaccessible, strong, fortified, firm, secure(d), protected;
immune, proof, invulnerable (‫ ﺿــﺪ‬ḍidda against) | ‫اﳊﺼــﻦ اﳊﺼــﲔ‬ (ḥiṣn)
stronghold (fig.; e.g., of radicalism)
Confidential
‫ اﺑﻮ اﳊﺼﲔ‬abū l-ḥuṣain fox
‫ ﺣﺼــﺎﻧﺔ‬ḥaṣāna strength, ruggedness, forbiddingness, impregnability,
inaccessibility; shelteredness, chastity (of a woman); invulnerability,
inviolability; immunity (of deputies, diplomats; against illness)
‫ ﲢﺼـﲔ‬taḥṣīn pl. -āt fortification, entrenchment; strengthening, cementing,
solidification; immunization
‫ اﺣﺼﺎن‬iḥṣān blamelessness, unblemished reputation, integrity (Isl. Law)
‫ ﲢﺼﻦ‬taḥaṣṣun securing, safeguarding, protection, protectedness
‫ ﳏﺼﻦ‬muḥaṣṣan fortified; entrenched; immune, proof (‫ ﺿﺪ‬ḍidda against)
‫ ﳏﺼﻨﺔ‬muḥṣina, muḥṣana sheltered, well-protected, chaste; of unblemished
reputation (woman; Isl. Law)
‫ ﺣﺼـﻰ‬IV to oount, enumerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to calculate, compute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from); to debit, charge (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th. to s.o.’s account), hold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
against s.o.) |‫ﳛﺼﻰ‬ ‫( ﻻ‬yuḥṣā) innumerable
‫ ﺣﺼﻰ‬ḥaṣan (coll.) pebbles, little stones
320
‫ ﺣﺼﺎة‬ḥaṣāh, ‫ ﺣﺼـﻮة‬ḥaṣwa pl. ‫ ﺣﺼـﻴﺎت‬ḥaṣayāt little stone; pebble; calculus,

stone (med.) | ‫ﺑﻮﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺣﺼـﺎة‬baulīya) cystic calculus; ‫( ﺣﺼـﺎة ﺻـﻔﺮاوﻳﺔ‬ṣafrāwīya)
gallstone, biliary calculus
‫ ﺣﺼﻰ ﻟﺒﺎن‬ḥaṣā lubān, ‫ ﺣﺼﺎﻟﺒﺎن‬rosemary (bot.)
‫ ﺣﺼﻮي‬ḥaṣawī stony, pebbly, gravelly
‫ اﺣﺼ ــﺎء‬iḥṣā’ pl. -āt count, counting; enumeration; calculation,
computation; statistics | ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫ اﺣﺼﺎء‬i. as-sukkān census
‫ اﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ‬iḥṣā’ī statistic(al); (pl. -ūn) statistician
‫ اﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬iḥṣā’īya pl. -āt statistics
‫ ﺣﺾ‬ḥaḍḍa u (ḥaḍḍ) and II to spur on, incite (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to), goad, prod (‫ه‬
s.o.• ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺾ‬ḥaḍḍ incitement, inducement, prodding, prompting, instigation
‫ ﺣﻀﻴﺾ‬ḥaḍīḍ, pl. ‫ ﺣﻀﺾ‬ḥuḍuḍ, ‫ اﺣﻀـﺔ‬aḥiḍḍa foot of a mountain; lowland;
perigee (astron.); depth; state of decay | ‫ ﻧﺰل اﱃ اﳊﻀﻴﺾ‬to sink low (fig.); ‫دﻛﻪ‬
Confidential
‫( اﱃ اﳊﻀﻴﺾ‬dakkahū) to ruin s.th. completely, run s.th. into the ground
‫ ﺣﻀـﺮ‬ḥaḍara u (‫ ﺣﻀـﻮر‬ḥuḍūr) to be present (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at), be in the presence (‫ ه‬of
s.o.); to attend (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to be present (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in s.o.’s mind), be readily recalled
(‫ ه‬by s.o.); to take part, participate (‫ ﳎﻠﺴـﺎ‬majlisan in a meeting); to come,

get (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to a place), arrive (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬at a place); to visit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
place), attend (‫ ﻫـ‬a public event), go (‫ ﻫـ‬to a performance, etc.); to appear (‫اﻣﺎم‬
before a judge, etc., ‫ اﱃ‬in, at), show up (‫ اﱃ‬in, at); to betake o.s., go (‫اﱃ ﻣـﻦ‬
from ... to); (‫ ﺣﻀـﺎرة‬ḥaḍāra) to be settled, sedentary (in a civilized region, as
opposed to nomadic existence)
II to ready, make ready, prepare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also, e.g., as medicine = to
compound), make, produce, manufacture (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to study, prepare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
lesson); to fetch, get, bring (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), procure, supply (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to settle
(‫ ه‬s.o), make s.o. (‫ )ه‬sedentary; to civilize (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.) III to give a
lecture, present s.th. in a lecture (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to lecture, give a course of
lectures IV to fetch, get, bring (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), procure, supply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
321
take (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬to a place) |‫ اﺣﻀـﺮﻩ ﻣﻌـﻪ‬to have s.th. with one, bring
s.th. along V to prepare o.s., ready o.s., get ready (‫ ل‬for); to be ready,
prepared; to become settled, be sedentary in a civilized region; to be
civilized, be in a state of civilization; to become urbanized, become a town
dweller VIII to come (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be in the presence (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to live in a
civilized region; pass. ustuḥḍira to die X to have s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬brought, to call,
send (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.o., for s.th.), have s.o. (‫ )ه‬come; to summon (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
fetch, procure, supply, get, bring (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to conjure, call up, evoke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
spirit); to visualize, envision, call to mind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to carry with o.s., bring
along (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to prepare (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., a medicinal preparation)
‫ ﺣﻀـﺮ‬ḥaḍar a civilized region with towns and villages and a settled
population (as opposed to desert, steppe); settled population, town dwellers
(as opposed to nomads)
‫ ﺣﻀـﺮي‬ḥaḍarī settled, sedentary, resident, not nomadic, non-Bedouin, like
urbanites; civilized; urban; town dweller
‫ ﺣﻀـﺮة‬ḥaḍra presence |‫ ﰲ ﺣﻀـﺮة‬in the presence of ...; ‫‘( اﳊﻀـﺮة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬āliya)
Confidential
His Highness (formerly, title of the Bey of Tunis);
form of address, esp. in letters; ‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر‬ ‫ﺣﻀﺮة‬
‫ﺣﻀـﺮﺗﻜﻢ‬ a respectful
cf. Fr. Monsieur le docteur
‫ ﺣﻀﻮر‬ḥuḍūr presence; visit, participation, attendance; (as one pl. of ‫)ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
those present |‫ ﲝﻀﻮرﻩ‬in his presence; ‫ ﺣﻀﻮر اﳊﻔﻠﺔ‬ḥ. al-ḥafla attendance of the
celebration‫اﻟـﺬﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻀـﻮر‬ ḥ. ad-dihn presence of mind; ‫ ورﻗـﺔ ﺣﻀـﻮر‬waraqat ḥ.
summons (jur.)
‫ ﺣﻀﻮري‬ḥuḍūrī: ‫( اﺣﻜﺎم ﺣﻀﻮرﻳﺔ‬aḥkām) judgments delivered in the presence
of the litigant parties after oral proceedings (jur.); ‫ﺣﻀــﻮر‬ ḥuḍūrīyan
contradictorily (jur.)
‫ ﺣﻀﺎرة‬ḥaḍāra civilization; culture; settledness, sedentariness
‫ ﺣﻀـﲑة‬ḥaḍīra pl. ‫ ﺣﻀـﺎﺋﺮ‬ḥaḍā’ir2 a small group of 6 to 12 people (specif.,
the smallest unit of boy scouts = patrol); section, squad (mil.; Syr.)
‫ ﳏﻀــﺮ‬maḥḍar presence; attendance, coming, appearance (of s.o.);
assembly, meeting, gathering, convention; (pl. ‫ﳏﺎﺿـﺮ‬ maḥāḍir2) minutes,
322
official report, process-verbal, record of the factual findings |‫ ﳏﻀﺮ اﳉﺮد‬m. al-
jard inventory list; ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ ﲟﺤﻀﺮ‬bi-maḥḍarin minhu in s.o.’s presence
‫ ﲢﻀـﲑ‬taḥḍīr preparing, readying, making ready; (pl. -āt) preparation (‫ل‬
for; also e.g., for an examination); making, preparation, cooking (of food,
etc.), production, manufacture
‫ ﲢﻀـــﲑي‬taḥdīrī preparatory, preparative |‫اﳌ ــﺪارس اﻟﺘﺤﻀـ ـﲑﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻤ ــﲔ‬
(mu‘allimīn) preparatory institutes for teachers, teachers’ colleges (Eg.)
‫ ﳏﺎﺿﺮة‬muḥāḍara pl. -āt lecture
‫ اﺣﻀﺎر‬iḥḍār procurement, supply, fetching, bringing
‫ ﲢﻀﺮ‬taḥaḍḍur civilized way of life
‫ اﺣﺘﻀﺎر‬iḥtiḍār demise, death
‫ اﺳﺘﺤﻀ ــﺎر‬istiḥḍār making, production, manufacture; preparation;
summoning |‫اﻻرواح‬ ‫ اﺳﺘﺤﻀﺎر‬istiḥḍār al-arwāḥ evocation of spirits, spiritism
‫ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ‬ḥāḍir pl. ‫ ﺣﻀـﺮ‬ḥuḍḍar, ‫ ﺣﻀـﻮر‬ḥuḍūr present; attending; ‫ اﳊﺎﺿـﺮ‬the
present (time); prepared (‫ ل‬for); ready; (pl. ‫ﺣﻀـﺎر‬ ḥuḍḍār, ‫ﺣﻀـﺮة‬ ḥaḍara)
Confidential
settled, sedentary, resident, village or town dweller, not nomadic | ‫اﳊﺎﺿـﺮ‬
or ‫اﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬at present, now; ‫ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ḥ. al-fikr quick-witted, quick at
repartee; ‫( ﻧﻘﺪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬naqd) cash, ready money
‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮة‬ḥāḍira pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاﺿـﺮ‬ḥawāḍir2 capital city, metropolis; city (as a center

of civilization)
‫ ﳏﻀﻮر‬maḥḍūr possessed, haunted or inhabited by a jinni; demoniac
‫ ﳏﻀﺮ‬muḥaḍḍir maker, producer, manufacturer; dissector (med.)
‫ ﳏﺎﺿﺮ‬muḥāḍir lecturer, speaker
‫ ﳏﻀﺮ‬muḥḍir court usher
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﻀﺮ‬mutaḥaḍḍir civilized
‫ ﳏﺘﻀـﺮ‬muḥtaḍar dying, in the throes of death, on the brink of death; a
dying person; haunted or inhatbited by a jinni; demoniac
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀـﺮ‬mustaḥḍar pl. -āt preparation (chem., pharm.) | ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀـﺮ دواﺋـﻲ‬
(dawā’ī) medicinal preparation
‫ ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮت‬ḥaḍramaut2 Hadhramaut
‫ ﺣﻀ ــﺮﻣﻲ‬ḥaḍramī pl. ‫ ﺣﻀ ــﺎرم‬ḥaḍārim2 man from Hadhramaut;
Hadhramautian (adj.)
323
‫ ﺣﻀﻦ‬ḥaḍana u (ḥaḍn, ‫ ﺣﻀـﺎﻧﺔ‬ḥiḍāna) to clasp in one’s arms, embrace, hug

(‫ ه‬s.o.);
to nurse, bring up, raise (‫ ه‬a child); (ḥaḍn, ‫ ﺣﻀـﺎن‬ḥidān, ‫ ﺣﻀـﺎﻧﺔ‬ḥiḍāna,
‫ ﺣﻀـﻮن‬ḥuḍūn) to hatch, brood, incubate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an egg; of a bird) VI to embrace
one another, cling to one another, nestle against each other VII to clasp in
one’s arms, embrace, hug (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to harbor in one,s bosom (‫ﻫ ـ‬
feeling); to hatch, concoct, contrive (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to bring up, raise (‫ ﻫـ‬a child)
‫ ﺣﻀـﻦ‬ḥaḍn pl. ‫ اﺣﻀـﺎن‬aḥḍān breast, bosom (between the outstretched
arms); armful, that which can be carried in one's arms | ‫ﳊﻀﻦ‬ ‫( ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬qabilahū)
he received him with open arms; ‫ ﺑـﲔ اﺣﻀـﺎن‬and ‫ ﰲ اﺣﻀـﺎن‬amid, among;
with, in the presence of (s.o.); ‫( ﰲ اﺣﻀـﺎن اﻟﺼـﺤﺮاء‬saḥrā’) in the heart (or
folds) of the desert; ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ اﺧﺬﺗﲏ ﺑﲔ اﺣﻀﺎ‬she took me in her arms
‫ ﺣﻀـﺎﻧﺔ‬ḥiḍāna, ḥaḍāna raising, bringing up, nursing (of a child); hatching
(of an egg), incubation | ‫اﳊﻀﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫دار‬children’s home, day nursery, crèche
Confidential
‫ ﺣﻀﲔ‬in embraced, bugged, resting in s.o.’s arms
‫ ﳏﻀﻦ‬maḥḍan pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﺿﻦ‬maḥādin2 children’s home, day nursery, crèche
‫ اﺣﺘﻀﺎن‬iḥtiḍān embrace, hug(ging), accolade
‫ ﺣﺎﺿﻨﺔ‬ḥāḍina pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاﺿﻦ‬ḥawāḍin2 nurse-maid, dry nurse
‫ ﳏﺘﻀﻦ‬muḥtaḍin embracing, hugging; tender, affectionate
‫ ﺣﻂ‬ḥaṭṭa u (ḥaṭṭ) to put, place, put down, set down (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to take down
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a load, burden); to lower, decrease, diminish, reduce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to
depreciate (‫ﻗـﺪرﻩ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬min qadrihī or ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺘـﻪ‬min qudratihī the value of s.th.)
|‫اﻟﺮﺣـﺎل‬ ‫( ﺣـﻂ‬riḥāla) to halt, make a stop, dismount, encamp (while traveling
on horseback, camelback. etc.); -- u (ḥaṭṭ, ‫ ﺣﻄﻮط‬ḥuṭūṭ) to sink, descend, go
down; to alight (bird); to land (airplane); to drop (price) II to put down, set
down, take off, unload (‫ ﻫـ‬a load) VII to sink, descend, go down; to decrease,
diminish; to decline, decay, wane VIII to put down, set down, take down (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
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‫ ﺣــﻂ‬ḥaṭṭ (act of) putting or setting down; depreciation, belittling,

derogation, disparagement (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.); reduction, diminution, decrease (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
of s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻄــﺔ‬ḥiṭṭa alleviation, relief, mitigation; abasement, debasement,
demotion, degradation (in rank, dignity, prestige); humiliation, insult,
indignity
‫ اﺣﻂ‬aḥaṭṭ lower
‫ ﺣﻄﻴﻄﺔ‬ḥaṭīṭa price reduction
‫ ﳏـﻂ‬maḥaṭṭ place at which s.th. is put down or deposited; stopping place,
stop; pause fermata, hold, concluding strain, cadence (mus.) |‫اﻵﻣــﺎل‬ ‫ﳏـﻂ‬
object of hope, that on which one's hopes are pinned; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﳏـﻂ اﻷﻧﻈـﺎر‬to
attract the glances, draw attention to o.s.; ‫ ﳏـﻂ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬m. al-kalām sense, or
meaning, of one’s words
‫ ﳏﻄـﺔ‬maḥaṭṭa pl. -āt stopping place, stop (also of public conveyances);
station, post; railroad station; broadcasting station, radio station | ‫ﳏﻄـﺔ ﲢﻮﻳـﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻴـﺎر‬ ‫ )ﳏﻄـﺔ اﻻذاﻋـﺔ )اﻟﻼﺳـﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬m. al-
Confidential
m. taḥwīl at-tayyār transformer station;
idā‘a (al-lāsi1kīya) broadcasting station, radio station; transmitter (station);
‫ﳏﻄـﺔ رﺋﻴﺴـﻴﺔ‬ (ra’īsīya) (railroad) main station; O ‫ﳏﻄـﺔ اﻻﺷـﺎرات‬ m. al-išārāt
signal post; O ‫ ﳏﻄﺔ اﻻرﺳﺎل‬m. al-irsāl transmitter (station; radio); ‫ﳏﻄﺔ ﻟﻼرﺻﺎد‬
‫( اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬li-l-arṣād al-jawwīya) meteorological station, weather station; ‫ﳏﻄـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺼـﺮف‬m. aṣ-ṣarf (Eg.) pump station (for drainage); power plant; O ‫ﳏﻄـﺔ‬
‫ اﻻﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬receiving station (radio); O ‫( ﳏﻄــﺔ ﻻﺳــﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻗﺼــﲑة اﻷﻣـﻮاج‬lā-silkīya
qaṣīrat al-amwāj) short-wave transmitter station; ‫ ﳏﻄـﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ اﻟﻜﻬـﺮ ء‬m. taulīd
al-kahrabā’ and ‫ﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﳏﻄﺔ ﻛﻬﺮ‬power plant
‫ اﳓﻄـﺎط‬inḥiṭāṭ decline, fall, decay, decadence; inferiority |‫اﺣﺴـﺎس اﻻﳓﻄـﺎط‬
iḥsās al-inḥ. sense of inferiority
‫ اﳓﻄﺎﻃﻲ‬inḥiṭāṭ postclassical writer
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻂ‬munḥaṭṭ low, base, low-level, low-grade; fallen, degraded (woman);
mean, vile, vulgar; inferior
‫ ﺣﻄﺐ‬ḥaṭaba i to gather firewood | ‫(ﺣﻄﺐ ﰲ ﺣﺒﻠـﻪ‬fī ḥablihī) to support s.o.,
stand by s.o., back s.o. up VIII to gather firewood
‫ ﺣﻄﺐ‬ḥaṭab pl. ‫ اﺣﻄﺎب‬aḥṭāb firewood
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‫ ﺣﻄﺎب‬ḥaṭṭāb wood gatherer; wood-cutter, lumberjack; vendor of firewood

‫ ﲢﻄﻴﺐ‬taḥṭīb singlestick fencing (a popular game, esp. in rural areas; eg.)
‫ ﺣﺎﻃﺐ‬taḥṭīb wood gatherer; woodcutter, lumberjack; vendor of firewood |
‫ﻛﺤﺎﻃـﺐ ﻟﻴـﻞ‬ ka-ḥāṭibi lailin lit.: like one who gathers wood at night, i.e.,
blindly, at random, heedlessly (said of s.o. who does not realize, or think
about, what he is doing)
‫ ﺣﻄﻢ‬ḥaṭama i (ḥaṭm) to break, shatter, smash, wreck, demolish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II
= I; V to break. go to pieces; to be broken, b. smashed, be shattered; to crash
(e.g., airplane, structure, etc.); to be wrecked (ship) VII = V
‫ ﺣﻄﻤـﺔ‬ḥiṭma pl. ‫ ﺣﻄـﻢ‬ḥiṭam particle, small piece, shred, bit, morsel; s.th.
broken
‫ ﺣﻄـﺎم‬ḥuṭām debris, rubble; fragments, shards, broken pieces; wreckage,
wreck (of a ship) |‫اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ ﺣﻄـﺎم‬ad-dunyā the ephemeral things of this world,
the vanities of the world
‫ ﺣﻄﻴﻢ‬ḥaṭīm smashed, shattered, wrecked
‫ ﲢﻄــﻴﻢ‬taḥṭīm smashing, shattering, wrecking, breaking, demolition,
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destruction, disruption |O ‫اﳉﻠﻴﺪ‬ ‫ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﲢﻄﻴﻢ‬icebreaker
‫ ﲢﻄـﻢ‬taḥaṭṭum crumbling, disintegration; crash (of an airplane); collapse,
breakdown
‫ ﺣﺎﻃﻤﺔ‬ḥāṭima: O ‫ ﺣﺎﻃﻤﺔ اﳉﻠﻴﺪ‬icebreaker (naut.)
‫ ﳏﻄـﻢ‬muḥaṭṭim crashing, thundering, roaring (of an explosion. etc.) –
muḥaṭṭam broken (language)
‫ ﳏﻄﻤﺔ‬muḥaṭṭima: ‫( ﳏﻄﻤﺔ ﺛﻠﺠﻴﺔ‬taljīya) icebreaker (naut.)
‫ ﺣﻆ‬ḥaẓẓa a (ḥaẓẓ) to be lucky, Fortunate IV=I
‫ ﺣﻆ‬ḥaẓẓ pl. ‫ ﺣﻈـﻮظ‬ḥuẓūẓ part, portion, share, allotment; lot, fate, destiny;
good luck, good fortune; affluence, wealth, fortune; prosperity; pleasure | ‫ذو‬
‫ ﺣـﻆ ﻣـﻦ‬endowed with; ‫ ﳊﺴـﻦ اﳊـﻆ‬li-ḥusni l-ḥ. and ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﺴـﻦ اﳊـﻆ‬fortunately,
luckily; ‫ ﺳــﻮء اﳊــﻆ‬sū’ al-ḥ. bad luck, misfortune; ‫ ﺳــﻲء اﳊــﻆ‬sayyi’ al-ḥ.
unlucky, unfortunate; ‫ ﻟﺴﻮء اﳊﻆ‬unfortunately; ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺣﻈـﻲ‬luckily for me,
fortunately; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻦ ﺣﺴـﻦ ﺣﻈـﻪ ان‬he was lucky in that he ...; ‫ﻟـﻴﺲ اﺣﺴـﻦ ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ ﺣﻈﺎ‬he is no better off than she is

‫ ﺣﻈﻴﻆ‬ḥaẓīẓ lucky, fortunate
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‫ ﳏﻈﻮظ‬lucky, fortunate; content(ed), happy, glad

‫ ﺣﻈﺮ‬ḥaẓara u (ḥaẓr) to fence in, hedge in (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to forbid (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.
s.th.), prohibit (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. from doing s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻈﺮ‬ḥaẓr forbiddance, interdiction, prohibition, ban; embargo
‫ ﺣﻈﺎر‬ḥiẓār, ḥaẓār wall, partition, screen; fence, palisade, railing
‫ ﺣﻈـﲑة‬ḥaẓīra pl. ‫ ﺣﻈـﺎﺋﺮ‬ḥaẓā’ir2 enclosure, railing, fence, palisade, hedge;
compound, yard, pound, pinfold; corral, pen, paddock, coop; hangar, shed;
field, domain, realm (fig.) |‫ﺣﻈﲑة‬ ‫( ﰲ‬with foll. genit.) inside of, within; ‫ﺟﺬﺑﻪ‬
‫اﱃ ﺣﻈﲑﺗـﻪ‬ (jadabahū) to bring s.o. under one’s influence; ‫ﺣﻈــﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻄــﺎﺋﺮات‬
aircraft hangars; ‫اﻟﻘﺪس‬ ‫ ﺣﻈﲑة‬ḥ. al-quds Paradise

‫ ﳏﻈـﻮر‬maḥẓūr interdicted, prohibited, forbidden (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); embargoed;
pl. ‫ ﳏﻈﻮرات‬forbidden things, restrictions
(‫ ﺣﻈـﻮ‬and ‫ﺣﻈـﻲ‬ (‫ ﺣﻈـﻲ‬ḥaẓiya a (‫ ﺣﻈـﻮة‬ḥuẓwa, ḥiẓwa) to enjoy the favor or
good graces of s.o. (‫)ﻋﻨـﺪ‬, be in s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻨـﺪ‬favor or good graces; to acquire,
Confidential
obtain, attain, gain, win (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻈـﻮة‬ḥuẓwa, ḥiẓwa favored position, role of favorite; precedence; favor,
grace; good will, benevolence; prestige, credit, standing, respect, esteem |
‫ل ﺣﻈﻮة ﻋﻨﺪ )ﻟﺪى‬ ) to find favor with s.o.
‫ ﺣﻈﻴﺔ‬ḥaẓīya pl. ‫ ﺣﻈﺎ‬ḥaẓāyā paramour, mistress, concubine
‫ ﳏﻈﻴﺔ‬maḥẓīya pl. -āt paramour. mistress, concubine
‫ ﺣـﻒ‬ḥaffa u (ḥaff) to surround (‫ ه‬,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. with, also ‫ ب‬and ‫ﺣـﻮل‬
s.o., s.th.), enclose, encompass, border (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ ب‬s.th.); to depilate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a part of
the body), unhair (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the skin); to trim, clip (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the beard); to chafe, rub off,
abrade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﲢـﻒ ﺑـﻪ اﻟﻌـﲔ‬he is the object of admiring glances, he is the
center of attention, all eyes are upon him; -- i (‫ ﺣﻔﻴـﻒ‬ḥafīf) to rustle II and
VIII to surround, (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ب‬,‫ﺣـﻮل‬ s.o., s.th.), enclose, encompass, border
(‫ﻫـ‬ ,‫ب‬,‫ ﺣﻮل‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻔﺎف‬ḥifāf side
‫ ﺣﻔﻴﻒ‬ḥafīf rustle, rustling
327
‫ ﳏﻔﺔ‬miḥaffa (also maḥaffa) pl. -āt litter, stretcher; roller stretcher; sedan
‫ ﺣـﺎف‬ḥaff: ‫( ﺧﺒـﺰ ﺣـﺎف‬ḳubz) plain bread (without anything to go with it;
eg.)
‫ ﺣﺎﻓـﺔ‬ḥāffa pl. -āt enclosure, edge, margin; brim of a vessel; border, brink,
verge; fringe, hem | ‫اﳋﺮاب‬ ‫’ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ‬alā ḥ. al-ḳarāb on the brink of ruin
‫ ﺣﻔﻴـﺪ‬ḥafīd pl. ‫ اﺣﻔـﺎد‬aḥfād, ‫ ﺣﻔـﺪة‬ḥafada grandson; descendant, offspring,
scion
‫ ﺣﻔﻴﺪة‬ḥafīda granddaughter
‫ ﺣﻔﺮ‬ḥafara i (ḥafr) to dig (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to drill (for oil): to excavate (archeol.):
to carve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.): to engrave, etch (‫ ﻫـ‬metal) | ‫ﺧﻨﺎدق‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮ‬to dig trenches; ‫ﺣﻔـﺮ‬
‫( ﺣﻔـﺮة‬ḥufratan) to prepare a pitfall, prepare an ambush VII pass. of I; VIII to
dig
‫ ﺣﻔــﺮ‬ḥafr digging, earthwork, excavation (also archeol.); unearthing;
drilling (for oil): carving, inscribing (e.g., of letters); engraving, etching;
graphic arts (etching, wood engraving); scurvy (syr.) | ‫اﳊﻔـﺮ‬ ‫ ﺟﻬـﺎز‬jahāz al-ḥ.
Confidential
oil rig; oil derrick
‫ ﺣﻔﺮة‬ḥufra pl. ‫ ﺣﻔﺮ‬ḥufar pit; hollow, cavity, excavation; hole
‫ ﺣﻔﺮﻳـﺔ‬ḥafrīya digging, excavation; O gravure; pl. ‫ ﺣﻔـﺮ ت‬excavations
(archeol.)
‫ ﺣﻔﺎر‬ḥaffār digger; engraver; driller; stone mason | ‫ ﺣﻔﺎر اﻟﻘﺒﻮر‬gravedigger
‫ ﺣﻔﲑ‬ḥafīr dug, dug out, excavated, unearthed
‫ ﺣﻔﲑة‬ḥafīra pl. ‫ ﺣﻔـﺎﺋﺮ‬ḥafā’ir2 s.th. excavated or unearthed; pl. excavations
(archeol.)
‫ اﺣﻔــﻮر‬uḥfūr pl. ‫ اﺣــﺎﻓﲑ‬aḥāfīr2 s.th. excavated; fossil; pl. excavations
(archeol.)
‫ ﳏﻔﺮ‬miḥfar pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﻓﺮ‬maḥāfir2 spade
‫ ﺣـﺎﻓﺮ‬ḥāfir pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮاﻓﺮ‬ḥawāfir2 hoof |‫ وﻗـﻊ اﳊـﺎﻓﺮ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳊـﺎﻓﺮ‬to coincide, happen
to correspond exactly; ‫اﳊﺎﻓﺮ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on the spot, right away, at once
‫ ﺣﺎﻓﺮي‬ḥāfirī ungular, ungulate
‫ ﺣـﺎﻓﺮة‬ḥāfira original condition, beginning |‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﳊـﺎﻓﺮة‬on the spot, right
away, at once; ‫ﺣﺎﻓﺮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ رﺟﻊ اﱃ‬to revert to its original state or origin
‫ ﳏﻔﻮر‬maḥfūr dug; inscribed, engraved; carved
328
‫ ﺣﻔـﺰ‬ḥafaza i (ḥafz) to pierce, stab (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬with the spear); to incite,

instigate, urge, prompt, induce (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. to s.th.) V to prepare o.s. get
ready, be ready, be about to do s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫)اﱃ‬. set out to do s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫ ;)اﱃ‬to
get ready to jump, make a running start; to listen, pay attention VIII to be
about to do s.th., be ready (‫ ل‬for)
‫ ﲢﻔﺰ‬taḥaffuz preparedness, readiness; vim, dash, verve, sweep, élan
‫ ﺣـﺎﻓﺰ‬ḥāfiz pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮاﻓﺰ‬ḥawāfiz2 spur, drive (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.), incentive (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
to), initiative
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻔﺰ‬mutaḥfiz ready, prepared (‫ ل‬for)
‫ ﺣﻔﻆ‬ḥafiẓa a (ḥifẓ) to preserve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to protect, guard, defend (‫ ه‬s.o.):
to observe, bear in mind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), comply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.), be mindful, be
heedful (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to keep up, maintain, sustain, retain, uphold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
hold, have in safekeeping (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take care (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to keep, put away,
save, store (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th); to conserve, preserve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to retain in one’s
Confidential
memory, remember, know by heart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to memorize, learn by heart,
commit to memory (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. the Koran); to reserve (‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ for o.s.
s.th.): to stay, discontinue, suspend (‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ‬a judicial investigation; jur.)
|‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈـﻪ‬ may God protect him! ‫ﺣﻔــﻆ ﻟﱪﻳــﺪ‬ to hold in care of general
delivery (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); ‫اﻟﺒﻮﺳـﻄﺔ‬ ‫( ﳛﻔﻆ ﰲ‬yuḥfaẓu) in care of general delivery, poste
restante;‫( ﺣﻔـﻆ اﻟﻮﻓـﺎء ل‬wafā’a) to be loyal to s.o., keep faith with s.o. II to
have s.o. (‫ )ه‬memorize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to preserve, keep up, maintain, uphold,
sustain (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to supervise, control (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), watch (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th.);

to watch out (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for), take care, be heedful, be mindful (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), look (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
after), attend, pay attention (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to keep, follow, observe, bear in mind
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), comply (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with), conform (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to) ; to protect, guard, defend
(‫ ﻫـ‬and ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬, also ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.) IV to vex, annoy, gall, irritate, hurt, offend (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V to keep up, maintain, preserve (‫ ب‬s.th.); to observe, keep in mind (‫ب‬
s.th.), be mindful, be heedful, take care (‫ ب‬of s.th.), be concerned (‫ ب‬with);
to be cautious, be wary, be on one’s guard; to be reserved, aloof; to have
329
reservations VIII to maintain, uphold (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ ﲝﻘﻮﻗـﻪ‬one’s rights);

to keep up, maintain, retain (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., a posture, a characteristic); to
take care, take over custody (‫ ب‬of s.o.), protect, guard (‫ ب‬s.o.); to defend
(against encroachment), hold, maintain (‫ ب‬a possession); to preserve,
sustain, continue, keep up (‫ ب‬s.th.); to hold, possess (‫ ب‬s.th.); to put away,
hold, have in safekeeping (‫ ب‬s.th.), take care (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to keep, retain (‫ب‬
s.th.); ‫ اﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬to keep for o.s., appropriate, reserve for o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.),
take complete possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of) X to ask s.o. (‫ )ه‬to guard or protect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to entrust (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), commit s.th. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ )ﻫ ـ‬to the
charge of s.o. (‫)ه‬
‫ ﺣﻔ ــﻆ‬ḥifẓ preservation; maintenance, sustentation, conservation,
upholding; protection, defense, guarding; custody, safekeeping. keeping,
storage; retention; observance, compliance (with); memorizing,
memorization; memory; (jur.) discontinuance, stay, suspension (of legal
‫ﺣﻔــﻆ اﻵ ر‬preservation
Confidential
action, of a judicial investigation) | of ancient
monuments (Eg.); ‫ﺣﻔـﻆ اﻟﺼـﺤﺔ‬ ḥ. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa hygiene, sanitation; ‫رﺟـﺎل اﳊﻔـﻆ‬

police
‫ ﺣﻔﻈﺔ‬ḥifẓa anger, indignation, resentment, rancor
‫ ﺣﻔـﺎظ‬ḥifāẓ pl. -āt dressing, ligature, bandage | ‫ ﺣﻔـﺎظ اﳊـﻴﺾ‬ḥ. al-ḥaiḍ
sanitary napkin
‫ ﺣﻔﻴﻆ‬ḥafīẓ attentive, heedful, mindful; preserving, keeping, guarding (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻔﻴﻈﺔ‬ḥafīẓa pl. ‫ ﺣﻔﺎﺋﻆ‬ḥafā’iẓ2 grudge, resentment, rancor
‫ ﳏﻔﻈــﺔ‬maḥfaẓa, miḥfaẓa pl. -āt, ‫ ﳏــﺎﻓﻆ‬maḥāfiẓ2 folder, bag, satchel,
briefcase dispatch case, portfolio; wallet, pocket, book
‫ ﳏﻔﻈﺔ‬miḥfaẓa capsule
‫ ﲢﻔﻴﻆ‬taḥfīẓ memorization drill, inculcation (esp. of the Koran)
‫ ﺣﻔــﺎظ‬ḥifāẓ defense, protection, guarding (esp. of cherished, sacred
things); preservation, maintenance (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of interests); keeping, upholding (of
loyalty), adherence (to a commitment)
‫ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬muḥāfaẓa guarding; safeguarding; preservation; protection, defense;
conservation, sustaining, upholding; retention, maintenance (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.)
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conservativism (pol.), conservative attitude; following, observance (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of

s.th.), compliance (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.th.), adherence (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); guarding (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬against
misfortune), saving (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬from misadventure); garrison (mil.); (pl. -āt)
governorate (one of five administrative divisions of Egypt, in addition to a
mudīrīyāt); office of the muḥāfiẓ (head of a governorate); province, anyone
of the larger administrative districts (Syr.) | ‫اﶈﺎﻓﻈــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟــﻨﻔﺲ‬ self-
preservation; ‫ﻣ ــﺬﻫﺐ اﶈﺎﻓﻈ ــﺔ‬ madhab al-m. conservative movement,
conserativism, Toryism
‫ ﲢﻔـﻆ‬taḥaffuẓ caution, wariness, restraint, reticence, reserve, aloofness; --
(pl. -āt) precaution, precautionary measure; reservation, limiting condition,
conditional stipulation, proviso |‫اﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫ ﻣﻊ‬with full reservation
‫ ﲢﻔﻈ ــﻲ‬taḥaffuẓī precautionary, preventive |‫( اﺟ ـﺮاءات ﲢﻔﻈﻴ ــﺔ‬ijrā’āt)
precautionary measures; ‫ﺻــﻠﺢ ﲢﻔﻈــﻲ‬ (ṣulḥ) settlement before action,
preventive settlement (jur.)
‫ اﺣﺘﻔـ ــﺎظ‬iḥtifāẓ guarding, safeguarding; preservation; retention,
maintenance, continuation, conservation, defense, protection, vindication,
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sustaining, upholding; keeping, holding, safekeeping, custody (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‬ḥāfiẓ keeper, guarder, guardian, custodian, caretaker; (pl. ‫ﺣﻔﺎظ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
ḥuffāẓ, ‫ﺣﻔﻈـﺔ‬
honorific epithet)
ḥafaẓa) one who knows the Koran by heart (formerly an
‫ ﺣﺎﻓﻈـﺔ‬ḥāfiẓa memory; -- (pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮاﻓﻆ‬ḥawāfiẓ) wallet, pocketbook, money

order (Eg.)
‫ ﳏﻔـﻮظ‬maḥfūẓ kept, held in safekeeping, deposited, guarded, preserved;
memorized, committed to memory, etc.; conserved, preserved (food);
reserved; ensured, secured, safeguarded; -- pl. ‫ﳏﻔﻮﻇــﺎت‬ canned goods,
concerves; archives; memorized material, what s.o. knows by heart | ‫دار‬
‫اﶈﻔﻮﻇــﺎت اﳌﺼ ـﺮﻳﺔ‬ the Egyptian Public Record Office; ‫ﻣــﺄﻛﻮﻻت ﳏﻔﻮﻇــﺔ‬
concerves, canned goods; ‫ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ ‫ ﲨﻴﻊ اﳊﻘﻮق‬all rights reserved
‫ ﳏـﺎﻓﻆ‬muḥāfiẓ supervisory, controlling; observing (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), complying
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with), etc.; conservative (pol.), ‫ اﶈـﺎﻓﻈﻮن‬the Conservatives, the Tories;
keeper, guarder, guardian, custodian, caretaker, supervisor, superintendent;
mayor; governor (Eg.: title of the chief officer of a governorate; Syr.: chief
officer of a province); director general, president (= Brit. governor)
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‫ ﻣـﺘﺤﻔﻆ‬mutaḥaffiẓ vigilant, alert, wary, cautious; reticent, reserved, aloof;

staid, sedate
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻔﻆ‬mustaḥfaẓ pl. -āt reserve (mil.)
‫ ﺣﻔـﻞ‬ḥafala i (ḥafl) to gather, assemble, congregate; to flow copiously; to
be replete, teem, superabound (‫ ب‬with); to pay attention, attend, give one’s
mind (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬to s.th.), concern o.s. (‫ ب‬with), make much (‫ ب‬of), set great
store (‫ ب‬by) | ‫ﺑـﻪ‬
‫(ﻻ ﺣﻔـﻞ‬lā ḥafla) indifferent, of no consequence II to adorn,
decorate, ornament (‫ ب ه‬s.th. with) VIII to gather, rally, throng together; to
celebrate (‫ ب‬s.th., s.o.); to concern o.s. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬with), attend, pay attention.
give one’s mind (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬to s.th.); to honor, welcome, receive kindly (‫ب‬
s.o.)
‫ ﺣﻔﻞ‬ḥafl gathering, meeting, assembling; assembly, congregation, throng,
crowd; performance, show, public event; celebrations; feast, festival
‫ ﺣﻔﻠــﺔ‬ḥafla pl. -āt assembly, gathering, meeting, congregation; party;
(social or public) event; show, performance (theater, cinema); concert;
‫ﺣﻔﻠ ــﺔ‬
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festivity, ceremony, festival, festive event, celebration |
‫اﻟﺘـﺄﺑﲔ‬commemoration. Commemorative, ceremony for a deceased person;

‫( اﳊﻔﻠﺔ اﻷوﱃ‬ūlā) premiere; ‫ ﺣﻔﻠﺔ ﺣﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬numerous assembly; ‫( ﺣﻔﻠﺔ ﺧﲑﻳﺔ‬ḳairīya)
charity performance, charity event; ‫ ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ اﻟـﺪﻓﻦ‬ad-dfn funeral ceremony,
obsequies; ‫دﻳﻨﻴـﺔ‬‫( ﺣﻔﻠﺔ‬dīnīya) religious ceremony, Divine Service; ‫ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ ﺳـﺎﻫﺮة‬

and ‫ ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ ﲰـﺮ‬ḥ. samar evening party, soirée; ‫ ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ ﺳـﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬motion-picture
show; ‫ ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ اﻟﺸـﺎي‬tea party; ‫ ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ اﻟﻌـﺮس‬ḥ. al-‘urs wedding;‫ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬
(public) reception; ‫ ﺣﻔﻠﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬concert
‫ ﺣﻔﻴﻞ‬ḥafīl eager, assiduous, diligent
‫ ﳏﻔﻞ‬maḥfil pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﻓﻞ‬maḥāfil2 assembly, congregation, meeting, gathering;
party; body, collective whole; circle, quarter |‫ﻣﺎﺳـﻮﱐ‬ ‫ ﳏﻔـﻞ‬Masonic lodge;
‫)اﶈﺎﻓـﻞ اﻟﺮﲰﻴـﺔ )اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬ (rasmīya, siyāsīya) the official (political) circles or
quarters
‫ اﺣﺘﻔﺎل‬iḥtifāl pl. -āt celebration, ceremony, festival, festivities
‫ ﺣﺎﻓـﻞ‬ḥāfil pl. ‫ ﺣﻔـﻞ‬ḥuffal, ‫ ﺣﻮاﻓـﻞ‬ḥawāfil2 full (‫ ب‬of), filled, replete (‫ب‬
with); abundant, copious, lavish; much frequented, well attended (by
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visitors, participants, etc.), numerous (of attendance); solemn, ceremonial,

festive
‫ ﺣﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬hāfila pl. -āt, ‫ ﺣﻮاﻓﻞ‬ḥawāfil 2 O autobus
‫ ﳏﺘﻔﻞ‬muḥtafil: ‫ اﶈﺘﻔﻠﻮن‬the participants in a festive event, the celebrators
‫ ﳏﺘﻔﻞ‬muḥtafal assembly place, gathering place; party; ‫ ﳏﺘﻔﻞ ﺑﻪ‬celebrated
‫ ﺣﻔـﻦ‬ḥafana u to scoop up with both hands (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to give a little (‫ ل‬to
s.o.)
‫ ﺣﻔﻨﺔ‬ḥafna pl. ḥafanāt handful
1(‫ ﺣﻔـﻮ‬and ‫ﺣﻔـﻰ( ﺣﻔـﻲ‬ ḥafiya a (‫ ﺣﻔـﺎوة‬ḥafāwa) to receive kindly and
hospitably, to welcome, receive with honors, honor (‫ ب‬s.o.) V to behave
with affection, be affectionate (‫ ب‬toward) VIII do.; to celebrate (‫ ب‬an
occasion, a festival)
‫ ﺣﻔﻲ‬ḥafīy welcoming, receiving kindly, greeting (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻔـﺎوة‬ḥafāwa friendly reception, welcoming, welcome, salutation (‫ ب‬of
s.o.)
‫ اﺣﺘﻔـﺎء‬iḥtifā’ reception, welcome, salutation (‫ ب‬of s.o.); celebration,
Confidential
festivity
2 ‫ﺣﻔﻲ‬ḥafiya a (‫ ﺣﻔﺎء‬ḥafā’) to go barefoot; to have sore feet
‫ ﺣﺎف‬ḥāfin pl. ‫ ﺣﻔﺎة‬ḥufāh barefoot(ed)

‫ ﺣـﻖ‬ḥaqqa i u to be true, turn out to be true, be confirmed; to be right,
correct; (also pass. ḥuqqa) to be necessary, obligatory, requisite, imperative
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.), be incumbent (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.); to be adequate, suitable, fitting,
appropriate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); to be due (‫ ل‬s.o.); ‫ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ ﳛـﻖ‬he is entitled to it, he has
a right to it; ‫ ﺣـﻖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬he deserved it (punishment); -- u to ascertain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
make sure, be sure (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.); to recognize. identify (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to make s.th.
(‫ )ﻫ ـ‬come true; to realize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a hope), carry out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a wish),
carry into effect, fulfill, put into action, consummate, effect, actualize (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to implement (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., an agreement); to produce, bring on, yield (‫ﻫ ـ‬
results); to determine, ascertain, find out, pinpoint, identify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
prove s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬to be true, verify, establish, substantiate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to confirm,
assert, aver, avouch, affirm (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be exact, painstaking, meticulous,
333
careful (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in doing s.th.), e.g.,

‫( ﺣﻘـﻖ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬naẓara) to look closely; to study,
examine, investigate, explore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look, inquire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into s.th.); to verify,
check (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to investigate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th., police); to make an official
inquiry (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into s.th.), institute an investigation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of or into; court; jur.); to
interrogate (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬s.o.), conduct a hearing (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬of s.o.; jur.) III to contend for a
right (‫ ه‬with s.o.), contest or litigate a right (‫ ه‬against s.o.) IV to tell the
truth; to be right (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.); to enforce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a legal claim) V to
prove true. turn out to be true, be confirmed, prove to be correct; to
materialize, become a fact; to be realized, be effected, come into effect; to
be examined, be explored; to ascertain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., also ‫)ﻣﻦ‬, make sure, reassure
o.s., gain proof, convince o.s., be convinced, be sure, be certain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.);
to check, verify (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ﻣﻦ‬. s.th.); to be serious (‫ ب‬about s.th.) X to be entitled,
have a claim (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.); to claim (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), lay claim (‫ ﻫـ‬to); to deserve, merit
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be worthy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to require, demand, necessitate, make requisite
Confidential
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fall due. become payable (sum of money), mature. become due
(note); to be due (‫ ل‬s.o.) |‫اﻟـﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫( ﻳﺴـﺘﺤﻖ‬dikra) worth mentioning, noteworthy;
‫( ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬rasmu) not subject to a fee. free of charge
‫ ﺣـﻖ‬ḥaqq truth; correctness, rightness; rightful possession. property; one’s
due; duty; proper manner; true, authentic, real; right, fair and reasonable;
correct, sound, valid; ‫ اﳊـﻖ‬an attribute of God; (pl. ‫ ﺣﻘـﻮق‬ḥuqūq) right, title,
claim, legal claim (‫ ﰲ‬to); ‫ اﳊﻘـﻮق‬law, jurisprudence, legal science; ‫ﺣﻘـﺎ‬
ḥaqqan really, in reality, in effect, actually, in fact, indeed, truly, in truth;
justly, rightly, by rights |‫ذﻟـﻚ؟‬ ‫اﺣﻘـﺎ‬ is that (really) so? really? ‫ﲝـﻖ‬ justly,
rightly, by rights; ‫ ﳊﻖ‬truly, in reality, actually; properly, appropriately, in a

suitable manner; ‫ ﲝـﻖ‬bi-haqqi and ‫ ﰲ ﺣـﻖ‬as to ..., as for ..., with respect to,
concerning, regarding; ‫ ﻫـﻮ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﻖ‬he is in the right; ‫ اﳊـﻖ ﻣﻌـﻦ‬you are right;
‫ اﳊﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬you are wrong; ‫ ﻫﻮ ﺣﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬it is your duty; ‫ ﻫﺬا ﺣﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ‬you owe
this to me; ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬‫‘( ﻋﺮﻓﺎ ﳊﻘﻬـﺎ‬irfānan) in recognition of what he owed her; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ﺣﻘـﻪ‬he is entitled to it, it is his due; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻦ ﺣﻘـﻪ ان‬he should have ..., he
334
ought to have …; ‫ ﻟـﻪ اﳊـﻖ ﰲ‬he is entitled to ...; ‫( واﳊـﻖ ﻳﻘـﺎل‬yuqāl) one may
say, it must be admitted, it’s only fair to say, say what you will ..., ... though
(as a parenthetical phrase); ‫اﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫( ﻋﺮف ﺣﻖ‬ḥaqqa l-ma‘rifa) to know exactly,
know for certain, know very well, also ‫( ﻋﻠـﻢ ﺣـﻖ اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬ḥaqqa l-‘ilm); ‫ﻓﻬـﻢ ﺣـﻖ‬
‫ اﻟﻔﻬـﻢ‬fahima ḥaqqa l-fahm to understand precisely, comprehend thoroughly,
be fully aware; ‫( اﻟﺴـﻌﺎدة اﳊﻘـﺔ‬sa‘āda) true happiness; ‫ ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ اﳊﻘـﻮق‬kullīyat al-ḥ.
law school, faculty of law
‫ ﺣﻖ‬ḥuqq hollow, cavity; socket of a joint (anat.); also = ‫ ﺣﻘﺔ‬ḥuqqa
‫ ﺣﻘﺔ‬ḥuqqa pl. ‫ ﺣﻘﻖ‬ḥuqaq, ‫ ﺣﻘﺎق‬ḥiqāq, ‫ اﺣﻘﺎق‬aḥqāq small box, case, pot or
jar; receptacle, container; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ ﺣﻘـﻖ‬ḥuqaq) a weight (Syr., Pal.) = ‫اﻗـﺔ‬
uqqa; 1.280 = ‫ ﺣﻘﺔ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬kg (Ir.)
‫ اﺣـﻖ‬aḥaqq2 worthier, more deserving (‫ ب‬of s.th.); more entitled (‫ ب‬to
s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻘﻴــﻖ‬ḥaqīq pl. ‫ اﺣﻘــﺎء‬aḥiqqā’2 worthy, deserving (‫ ب‬of s.th.), fit,
competent, qualified; entitled (‫ ب‬to)
Confidential
‫ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﺔ‬ḥaqīqa pl. ‫ ﺣﻘـﺎﺋﻖ‬ḥaqā’iq2 truth, reality (also philos.); fact; the true
state of affairs, the facts; true nature, essence; real meaning, true sense;
ḥaqīqatan really, in reality, in effect, actually, in fact, indeed, truly, in truth |
‫ رأﻳﺘـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘـﻪ‬I saw its true nature, as it really is; ‫ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﺔ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬in reality,
really, actually; ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ‬it does not really exist, it is not real
‫ ﺣﻘﻴﻘــﻲ‬ḥaqīqī real, true; actual; proper, intrinsic, essential; genuine;
authentic; positive
‫ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ‬ḥuqūqī juristic(al); (pl. -ūn) jurist, jurisprudent, lawyer
‫ اﺣﻘﻴﺔ‬aḥaqqīya legal claim, title, right
‫ ﺣﻘﺎﱐ‬ḥaqqānī correct, right, proper, sound, valid, legitimate, legal
‫ ﺣﻘﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬ḥaqqānīya justice, law | ‫ وزارة اﳊﻘﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬Ministry of Justice (formerly
Eg.)
‫ ﲢﻘﻴــﻖ‬taḥqīq realization, actualization, effectuation, implementation;
fulfillment (of a claim, of a wish, etc.); achievement, accomplishment,
execution; ascertainment, determination, identification, verification;
substantiation; assertion, affirmation, confirmation; pinpointing, precise
determination; exactness, accurateness, precision; (= ‫ ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ اﻟﻨﻄـﻖ‬t. an-nuṭq)
precise pronunciation; -- (pl. -āt) verification, check, checkup, investigation;
335
official or judicial inquiry, inquest |‫ان‬ ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ‬it is a matter of fact that ..., it
is certain that ...;‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ‬properly speaking, strictly speaking, actually;
exactly, precisely; positively, definitely; ‫ ﻋﻨــﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴــﻖ‬properly speaking,
strictly speaking, actually; ‫ ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬t. aš-šaḳšīya identification (of a
person), proof of identity; ‫ ﺷـﻬﺎدة ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬šahādat t. aš-šaḳšīya identity
card; ‫ ﻗﻠـﻢ ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬qalam t. aš-š. bureau of identification; ‫ ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ اﻟﺬاﺗﻴـﺔ‬t.
ad-dātīya identification; ‫ ﻗﺎﺿــﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴــﻖ‬examining magistrate; ‫ﲢﻘﻴــﻖ اﻷر ح‬
realization of profits (stock market)
‫ اﺣﻘﺎق‬iḥqāq: ‫ اﺣﻘﺎﻗﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ‬iḥqāqan li-l-ḥaqq (so) that truth may prevail
‫ ﲢﻘــﻖ‬taḥaqquq ascertainment, making sure; conviction, certainty,
certitude; verification, check, checkup
‫ اﺳـﺘﺤﻘﺎق‬istiḥqāq pl. -āt worthiness, deservingness, merit; one’s due or
desert; maturity, payability, falling due (of a sum of money); reclaiming or
calling in of s.th. due, demand of a right; vindication (1.1. Law), replevin,
detinue|‫اﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎق‬ ‫ ﻋﻦ‬deservedly, justly, by rights; ‫ ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎق‬undeservedly;
Confidential
‫ رﻳـﺦ اﻻﺳـﺘﺤﻘﺎق‬date of maturity (e.g., of a bond); ‫( اﻻﺳـﺘﺤﻘﺎق اﻟﻠﺒﻨـﺎﱐ‬lubnānī)
name of a Lebanese order
(‫ل‬
‫ ﳏﻘـﻮق‬maḥqūq worthy, deserving (‫ ل‬,‫ ب‬of), fit, competent, qualifying
,‫ ب‬for); wrong, at fault, on the wrong track
‫ ﳏﻘﻖ‬muḥaqqiq investigator; inquirer; examining magistrate
‫ ﳏﻘـﻖ‬muḥaqqaq sure, certain, beyond doubt, unquestionable, indubitable;
assured, established, accepted, recognized | ‫ان‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ اﶈﻘـﻖ‬it is certain that ..., it
is a fact that …
‫ ﳏﻖ‬muḥiqq telling the truth, in the right, being right
‫ ﳏﻘﻖ‬mutaḥaqqiq convinced, sure, certain, positive
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﻖ‬mustaḥiqq entitled; claiming; beneficiary (of a wakf); deserving,
worthy |‫اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻖ‬m. ad-daf‘ due, payable (sum)
‫ ﺣﻘﺐ‬VITI to put into one's bag, to bag (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻘﺐ‬ḥuqb pl. ‫ اﺣﻘﺎب‬aḥqāb, ‫ ﺣﻘﺎب‬ḥiqāb long stretch of time, long period
‫ ﺣﻘﺒﺔ‬ḥiqba pl. ‫ ﺣﻘﺐ‬ḥiqab long time, stretch of time; period, age | ‫ﺣﻘﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬ḥiqbatan min az-zamān for quite a time, for some time
336
‫ ﺣﻘﺐ‬ḥaqab pl. ‫ اﺣﻘﺎب‬aḥqāb a kind of ornamental belt

‫ ﺣﻘﺎب‬ḥiqāb pl. ‫ ﺣﻘﺐ‬ḥuqub a kind of ornamental belt
‫ ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺔ‬ḥaqība pl. ‫ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﺐ‬ḥaqā’ib2 valise, suitcase, traveling bag; leather bag
|‫ ﺣﻘﻴﺒـﺔ دﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬diplomatic pouch; ‫ ﺣﻘﻴﺒـﺔ اﻟﻨﻘـﻮد‬portemonnaie, change purse;
‫ ﺣﻘﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﻴﺪ‬ḥ. al-yad ladies’ purse, handbag
‫ ﺣﻘـﺪ‬ḥaqida a, ḥaqada i (ḥaqd, ḥiqd) to harbor feelings of hatred (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
against) IV to incite to hatred or resentment, embitter, envenom (‫ ه‬s.o.) V =
I; VI to hate one another
‫ ﺣﻘـﺪ‬ḥiqd pl. ‫ اﺣﻘـﺎد‬aḥqād, ‫ ﺣﻘـﻮد‬ḥuqūd hatred, malice, spite, resentment,
rancor
‫ ﺣﻘﻴﺪة‬ḥaqida pl. ‫ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﺪ‬ḥaqā’id2 hatred, malice, spite, resentment, rancor
‫ ﺣﻘـﻮد‬ḥaqūd full of hatred, spiteful, resentful, malicious, malevolent,
rancorous
‫ ﺣﺎﻗــﺪ‬ḥāqid full of hatred, spiteful, resentful, malicious, malevolent,
rancorous; pl. ‫ ﺣﻘﺪة‬ḥaqada malevolent people
Confidential
‫ ﺣﻘـﺮ‬ḥaqara i (ḥaqr) to despise, scorn, disdain (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to look
down (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬on), have a low opinion (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); -- ḥaqura u
contemptible, despicable; to be despised, degraded, humiliated II to
to below, base,
disparage, decry, depreciate (‫ ه‬s.o.), detract, derogate (‫ ه‬from s.o.); to

degrade, debase, humble, humiliate; to regard with contempt, despise, scorn,
disdain (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII to despise, scorn, disdain (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look
down (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬on) X to regard as contemptible or despicable, disdain, despise
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), look down (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬on)
‫ ﺣﻘـﲑ‬ḥaqīr pl. ‫ ﺣﻘـﺮاء‬ḥuqarā’2 low, base, mean, vulgar, vile; little, small,
paltry, inconsiderable, poor, wretched, miserable; despised; despicable,
contemptible
‫ اﺣﻘﺮ‬aḥqar2 lower, baser, more contemptible
‫ ﺣﻘـﺎرة‬ḥaqāra lowness, vulgarity, baseness, vileness, meanness; smallness,
paltriness, insignificance, poorness, wretchedness, miserableness;
despicability, contemptibleness; ignominy, infamy
‫ ﲢﻘﱰ‬taḥqīr contempt, disdain, scorn; degradation, humiliation, abasement
337
‫ اﺣﺘﻘـﺎر‬iḥtiqār contempt, disdain, scorn | ‫(ﻧﻈـﺮ اﻟﻴـﻪ ﺑﻌـﲔ اﻻﺣﺘﻘـﺎر‬bi-‘aini l-iḥt.)

to regard s.o. with contempt, look down one’s nose at s.o.
‫ ﳏﺘﻘﺮ‬muḥtaqar despised; contemptible, despicable
‫ ﺣﻘـﻞ‬ḥaql pl. ‫ ﺣﻘـﻮل‬ḥuqūl field (also fig. = domain); column | ‫ﺣﻘـﻮل‬
‫اﻟﺒـﱰول‬oil fields; ‫ ﺣﻘـﻞ اﻟﺰﻳـﺖ‬ḥ. az-zait, ‫ ﺣﻘـﻞ اﻟـﻨﻔﻂ‬ḥ. an-nafṭ oil field; oil area;
‫ ﺣﻘﻮل اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب‬experimental fields; ‫( ﺣﻘﻞ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋﻲ‬kahrabā’ī) electric field
‫ ﺣﻘﻠﻲ‬ḥaqlī field- (in compounds)
‫ ﳏﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬muḥāqala sale of grain while still in growth, dealing in grain futures
(Isl. Law)
‫ ﺣﻘـﻦ‬ḥaqana u (ḥaqn) to hold back, withhold, keep back, detain, retain (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to suppress, repress, restrain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to keep to o.s. (‫ اﻟﺴـﺮ‬as-sirra the
secret); to spare (‫ دﻣـﻪ‬damahū s.o.’s blood or life); to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) an
injection (med.) VIII to become congested (esp. blood); to suffer from
strangury; to take an enema, a clyster; to be injected |‫وﺟﻬـﻪ‬ ‫( اﺣـﺘﻘﻦ‬wajhahū)
his face was flushed, his face turned red
Confidential
‫ ﺣﻘﻦ‬ḥaqn retention, withholding; sparing; injecting. injection (med.) | ‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬
‫ ﻟـﺪﻣﺎﺋﻬﻢ‬ḥaqnan li-dimā’ihim in order to spare their blood; ‫ﺣﻘـﻦ ﰲ ﺣﺒـﻞ اﻟﻮرﻳـﺪ‬
intravenous injection (med.)
‫ ﺣﻘﻨﺔ‬ḥuqna pl. ‫ ﺣﻘﻦ‬ḥuqan injection (med.); hypodermic; clyster; enema
‫ ﳏﻘﻨﺔ‬miḥqana pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﻗﻦ‬maḥāqin2 syringe (med.)
‫ اﺣﺘﻘﺎن‬iḥtiqān congestion | ‫ اﺣﺘﻘﺎن اﻟﺪم‬iḥt. ad-dam vascular congestion
‫ ﳏﺘﻘﻦ‬muḥtaqan reddened by blood congestion, flushed, red (face)
‫ ﺣﻘـﻮ‬ḥaqw pl. ‫ ﺣﻘـﺎء‬ḥiqā’, ‫ اﺣﻘـﺎء‬aḥqā’ loin, groin |‫ ﺷـﺪد ﺣﻘﻮﻳـﻪ‬šaddada
ḥaqwaihi to gird one’s loins
1‫ ﺣﻚ‬ḥakka u (ḥakk) to rub, chafe; to scrape; to scratch; to rub off, scrape
off, scratch off, abrade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﺣـﻚ ﰲ ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬ṣadrihī) it impressed him,

affected him, touched s.th. inside him IV to itch V to rub o.s., scrape, chafe
(‫ ب‬against); to pick a quarrel (‫ ب‬with s.o.) VI to rub or scrape against each
other VIII to rub o.s. scrape, chafe (‫ ب‬against); to be in contact, in touch (‫ب‬
with) | ‫( اﺣﺘـﻚ ﰲ ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬ṣadrihī) it impressed him, affected him, touched s.th.
inside him
‫ ﺣﻚ‬ḥakk rubbing, chafing; friction; scratching
338
‫ ﺣﻚ‬ḥakka itching; scabies, itch (med.)

‫ ﺣﻜﺎك‬ḥakkāk lapidary
‫ ﳏـﻚ‬miḥakk touchstone; test |‫ ﺛﺒـﺖ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﳏـﻚ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬tabata ‘alā m. in-naẓar to
stand a critical test
‫ ﳏﻜﺔ‬miḥakka currycomb
‫ ﲢﺎك‬taḥākk (reciprocal) friction
‫ اﺣﺘﻜـﺎك‬iḥtikāk pl. -āt (reciprocal) friction; close touch or contact; friction
(fig., = dissension, controversy) |‫اﺣﺘﻜﺎك‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ‬min gair ḥt. frictionless
‫ ﳏﻜﻚ‬muḥakkak chafed, worn away
2‫ ﺣﻜﺔ‬ḥukka (tun., = ḥuqqa) pl. ‫ ﺣﻜﻚ‬ḥukak small box, case, pot or jar
‫ ﺣﻜـﺮ‬VIII to buy up, hoard and withhold, corner (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a commodity); to

monopolize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a commercial article); to have exclusive possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of
s.th.), hold a monopoly (‫ ﻫـ‬over s.th.)

‫ ﺣﻜﺮ‬ḥikr, ḥukr and ‫ اﺟﺮة اﳊﻜﺮ‬ujrat al-ḥ. ground rent, quitrent
Confidential
‫ ﺣﻜﺮ‬ḥakar, ḥukar hoarded
‫ ﺣﻜﺮة‬ḥukra hoarding (of goods); monopoly
‫ ﺣﺎﻛﻮرة‬ḥākūra small vegetable garden
‫ اﺣﺘﻜــﺎر‬iḥtikār pl. -āt cornering, buying up; monopoly; preferential
position; supremacy, hegemony | ‫اﺣﺘﻜــﺎر ﲡــﺎرة اﻟــﱭ‬al-bunn coffee-trade
monopoly; ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ اﺣﺘﻜﺎر‬iḥ. as-sukkar sugar monopoly
‫ اﺣﺘﻜﺎري‬iḥtikārī rapacious, grasping, greedy
‫ ﺣﻜـﻢ‬ḥakama u (ḥukm) to pass judgment, express an opinion (‫ ﰲ‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on
s.th.), judge (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.,‫ ب‬by, from); to decide, give a decision, pass a
verdict, pass sentence (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on); to sentence (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., ‫ ب‬to a penalty; said of
the judge), impose, inflict (‫ ب‬a penalty) on s.o. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to pronounce a
verdict or judgment, deliver judgment, rule (‫ ل‬in s.o.’s favor); to adjudicate,
adjudge, award (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.); to take (‫ ب‬s.th.) as a standard or norm; to
have judicial power, have jurisdiction, have authority (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬and ‫ ه‬over),
govern, rule, dominate, control (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to order, command (‫ ب‬s.th.);
339
to bridle, check, curb (‫ﻫـ‬ ,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.) | ‫( ﺣﻜـﻢ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻻﻋـﺪام‬ḥukima, i‘dām) he
was sentenced to death; ‫( ﺣﻜـﻢ داﻧﺘـﻪ‬bi-idānatihī) to convict s.o., find s.o.
guilty (jur.); ‫( ﺣﻜـﻢ ﺑﱪاءﺗـﻪ‬bi-barā’atihi) to acquit s.o. (jur.) II to appoint (‫ه‬
s.o.) as ruler; to choose (‫ ه‬s.o.) as arbitrator, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) the judge (‫ ﰲ‬over
or in s.th.,‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between) III to prosecute (‫ ه‬s.o.); to arraign, bring to trial,
hale into court (‫ ه‬s.o.); to interrogate, hear (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) firm,
strong, sturdy, solid; to fortify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to strengthen, consolidate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to do well, do expertly, master (‫ ﻫـ‬field, work), be proficient (‫ ﻫـ‬in) | ‫اﻣﺮﻩ‬ ‫اﺣﻜﻢ‬
(amrahu) to do s.th. thoroughly, carefully, properly; ‫اﻟﺒـﺎب‬ ‫( اﺣﻜـﻢ ﻗﻔـﻞ‬qafla l-
bāb) to lock the door firmly; ‫( اﺣﻜـﻢ ﻟﻐـﺔ‬lugatan) to master a language V to
have one's own way (‫ ﰲ‬in), proceed (‫ ﰲ‬with) at random, at will, handle (‫ﰲ‬
s.th.) arbitrarily; to pass arbitrary judgment (‫ ﰲ‬on); to make o.s. the judge
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of), pass judgment (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on); to decide (‫ ب‬on); to rule, reign, hold sway
Confidential
(‫ ﰲ‬over); to dominate, control (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), be in control, be in command (‫ ﰲ‬of)
VI to bring one another before the judge (‫اﳊـﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ ;)اﱃ‬to appeal (‫ اﱃ‬to) for a
legal decision; to be interrogated, be heard (in court) VIII to have one’s own
way (‫ ﰲ‬in), proceed (‫ ﰲ‬with, in s.th.) at will, at random, handle (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.)
arbitrarily, judge arbitrarily; to rule, reign, hold sway (‫ﰲ‬ ,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over); to be in
control, be in possession (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of); to appeal (‫ اﱃ‬to) for a legal decision, seek
a decision (‫ اﱃ‬from), have s.o. (‫ )اﱃ‬decide X to be strong, sturdy, solid, firm;
to become stronger, be strengthened, be consolidated; to take root, be or
become deep-rooted, deep-seated, ingrained, inveterate, marked,
pronounced (feeling, trait)
‫ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ḥukm pl. ‫ اﺣﻜﺎم‬aḥkām judgment, valuation, opinion; decision, (legal)
judgment, verdict, sentence; condemnation, conviction; administration of
justice; jurisdiction, legal consequence of the facts of a case (Isl. Law);
regulation, rule, provision, order, ordinance, decree; judiciousness, wisdom,
judgeship, command, authority, control, dominion, power; government,
regime; pl. ‫اﺣﻜــﺎم‬ statutes, by-laws, regulations, rules, provisions,
stipulations, principles, precepts; ‫ﺣﻜﻤـﺎ‬ ḥukman virtually; legally |‫ ﲝﻜـﻢ‬bi-
ḥukmi by virtue of, on the strength of, pursuant to, by force of; ‫ ﰲ ﺣﻜـﻢ‬as
340
good as, all but, e.g., ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫( ﻫﻮ ﰲ‬fī ḥukm l-‘adam) it is as good as nothing, it
is practically nonexistent; ‫ اﺻﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺣﻜـﻢ اﳌﻘـﺮر‬aṣbaḥa fī ḥukmi l-muqarrar it is
all but decided, ‫ ﻛﺎن ﰲ ﺣﻜﻢ اﻟﺸﻲء‬also: to be subject to s.th.; ‫ ﻧﺰل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‬to
give in, yield to s.o., ‫ ﺣﻜـﻢ اﻟـﱪاءة‬ḥ. al-barā’a acquittal, ‫( ﺣﻜـﻢ ﺣﻀـﻮري‬ḥuḍūrī)
judgment delivered in the presence of the litigant parties, after oral
proceedings (jur.), ‫( اﳊﻜـﻢ ﻻﻋـﺪام‬i‘dām) death sentence; ‫( ﺣﻜـﻢ ﻏﻴـﺎﰊ‬giyābī)
judgment by default (jur.); ‫( اﳊﻜـﻢ اﻟـﺬاﰐ‬dātī) self-determination, autonomy
(pol.); ‫( اﳊﻜـﻢ اﳉﻤﻬــﻮري‬jumhūrī) the republican form of government, the
republican regime; ‫اﳊﻜــﻢ اﳌﻄﻠــﻖ‬ (muṭlaq) the absolute, i.e., authoritarian,
regime, ‫( اﳊﻜـﻢ اﻟﻨﻬـﺎﺋﻲ‬niyābī) the parliamentary regime, parliamentarianism;
‫ ﳉﻨــﺔ اﳊﻜــﻢ‬lajna al-ḥ. board of examiners, review board; ‫اﻻﺣﻜــﺎم اﻟﻌﺮﻓﻴــﺔ‬
(‘urfīya) martial law; ‫( اﺣﻜـﺎم اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬intiqālīya) provisional regulations (jur.);
‫( اﺣﻜـﺎم ﺧﺘﺎﻣﻴـﺔ‬ḳitāmīya) final regulations (jur.); ‫( اﺣﻜـﺎم ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬ḳāṣṣa) special
regulations; ‫( ﻟﻜـﻞ ﺳـﻦ ﺣﻜﻤـﻪ‬sinn) every age has its own set of rules, must be
Confidential
judged by its own standards, ‫( ﻟﻠﻀـﺮورة اﺣﻜـﺎم‬li-ḍ-ḍarūra) necessity has its
(own) rules, (approx.: necessity knows no law)
‫ ﺣﻜﻤﻲ‬ḥukmī legal
‫( ﺣﻜﻤﺪار‬eg.; pronounced ḥikimdār) commandant; chief of police
‫( ﺣﻜﻤﺪارﻳﺔ‬eg.; pronounced ḥikimdārīya) commandant’s office
‫ ﺣﻜﻢ‬ḥakam pl. ‫ ﺣﻜﺎم‬ḥukkām arbitrator, arbiter; umpire, referee
‫ ﺣﻜﻤــﺔ‬ḥikma pl. ‫ ﺣﻜــﻢ‬ḥikam wisdom; sagacity; philosophy, maxim,
rationale, underlying reason | ‫( ﳊﻜﻤﺔ‬with foll. genit.) on account of, because
of
‫ ﺣﻜﻤـﻲ‬ḥikmī gnomic, aphoristic, expressing maxims | ‫( اﻟﺸـﻌﺮ اﳊﻜﻤـﻲ‬ši'r)
gnomic poetry
‫ ﺣﻜﻤﺔ‬ḥakama pl. -āt bit (of a horse’s bridle)
‫ ﺣﻜــﻴﻢ‬ḥakīm pl. ‫ ﺣﻜﻤــﺎء‬ḥukamā’2 wise, judicious; wise man, sage;
philosopher; physician, doctor
‫ ﺣﻜﻴﻤﺒﺎﺷﻲ‬ḥakīmbāšī senior physician, chief surgeon
‫ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ḥukūma pl. -āt government
341
‫ ﺣﻜـﻮﻣﻲ‬ḥukūmī of government, governmental; official, state-owned, state-

controlled of the state, state- (in compounds)
‫ اﺣﻜﻢ‬aḥkam2 wiser
‫ ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ‬maḥkama pl. ‫ ﳏـﺎﻛﻢ‬maḥākim2 court, tribunal | ‫ ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﺌﻨﺎف‬m. al-
isti’nāf court of appeal, appellate court; ‫اﻫﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ‬ahlīya) indigenous court
(Eg.; jurisdiction limited to Egyptian nationals), ‫( ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴـﺔ‬ibtidā’īya)
court of first instance, ‫اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴـﺔ ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ‬kullīya) civil court with jurisdiction
in cases of major importance, at the same time appellate instance of ‫ﳏـﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫( ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬Eg.); ‫ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺔ‬ (juz’īya) in Eg., lowest court of both ‫ﳏـﺎﻛﻢ اﻫﻠﻴـﺔ‬
(approx.: district courts) and of ‫ﳏــﺎﻛﻢ ﺷــﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ canonical courts (with
jurisdiction in marital and family matters); summary court; ‫ت‬ ‫ ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ اﳉﻨـﺎ‬m.
al-jinīyāt criminal court; ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﳏـﺎﻛﻢ اﻷﺣـﻮال‬šaḳṣīya) courts dealing with
vital statistics; ‫( ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻄـﺔ‬muḳtaliṭa) mixed court (with jurisdiction over
residents of foreign nationality); ‫( ﳏﻜﻤــﺔ ﺷــﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬šar’īya) canonical court
Confidential
(administering justice on the basis of the Sharia), court dealing with family
matters of Muslims;
idārī administrative court;

‫ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳـﺔ‬ (markazīya) county court, dealing with
minor offenses, esp. misdemeanors (Eg.); ‫اﻻداري‬ ‫ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬m. al-qaḍā’ al-
‫ ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ اﻟـﻨﻘﺾ واﻻﺑـﺮام‬m. an-naqḍ wa-l-ibrām Court
of Cassation, the highest court of appeal in Egypt; ‫ ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺰ‬Court of
Cassation (Syr., Leb. = ‫واﻻﺑﺮام‬ ‫ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺾ‬in Eg.); ‫ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ اﶈﺎﻛﻢ‬tribunals

‫ ﲢﻜـﻴﻢ‬taḥkīm appointment of an arbitrator; arbitration; arbitral decision,
award; pl. ‫ ﲢﻜﻴﻤـﺎت‬fortifications | ‫ ﲢﻜـﻴﻢ اﳊـﺎل‬starting from the present state
of a court’s findings (Isl. Law); ‫ ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜـﻴﻢ‬hai’at at-t. board of arbitration;
jury, committee of judges, committee of umpires (in sports), committee of
referees (in mil. maneuvers); ‫ﲢﻜﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﳉﻨﺔ‬lajna) do.
‫ ﳏﺎﻛﻤــﺔ‬muḥākama judicial proceeding; trial, hearing (in court); legal
prosecution
‫ اﺣﻜـﺎم‬iḥkām perfection; accuracy, exactness, exactitude, precision; exact
performance, precise execution | ‫ ﻻﺣﻜـﺎم‬accurately, exactly, precisely; ‫ﻟـﻎ‬
‫ ﰲ اﻻﺣﻜﺎم‬of highest perfection
342
‫ ﲢﻜــﻢ‬taḥakkum arbitrariness, arbitrary powers or action; despotism;

domination, dominion, rule, sway, power; control (‫ ﰲ‬of, over)
‫ ﲢﻜﻤﻲ‬taḥakkumī arbitrary; despotic
‫ اﺳـﺘﺤﻜﺎم‬istiḥkām intensification, increase, strengthening; consolidation,
stabilization; fortification; pl. ‫ اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻣﺎت‬fortifications
‫ ﺣـﺎﻛﻢ‬ḥākim ruling, governing; decisive; --(pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺣﻜـﺎم‬ḥukkām) ruIer,
sovereign; governor; judge | ‫(ﺣـﺎﻛﻢ‬bi-amrihī) autocratic; autocrat, dictator;
‫‘( ﺣـﺎﻛﻢ ﻋـﺎم‬āmm) governor general; ‫ ﺣـﺎﻛﻢ اﳌﺒـﺎراة‬al-mubārāh umpire, referee
(athlet.); ‫اﻟﺼـﻠﺢ‬ ‫ ﺣـﺎﻛﻢ‬ḥ. aṣ-ṣulḥ (Syr.) justice of the peace; ‫ ﺣـﺎﻛﻢ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴـﺔ‬ḥ. an-
nāḥiya (Tun.) district magistrate
‫ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴــﺔ‬ḥākimīya domination, dominion, rule, sovereignty; judgeship,
judicature, jurisdiction (ir.)
‫ﳏﻜـﻮم ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ maḥkūm ‘alaih sentenced (‫ ب‬to) | ‫(ﳏﻜـﻮم ﻋﻠـﻴﻬﻢ ﻻﻋـﺪام‬i‘dām)
those sentenced to death; ‫ﻟﻔﺸﻞ‬ ‫( ﳏﻜﻮم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬fašal) doomed to fail
‫ ﳏﻜﻢ‬muḥakkam pl. -ūn arbitrator, arbiter; umpire, referee (‫ ﰲ‬in, over)
Confidential
‫ ﳏﻜـﻢ‬muḥkam strengthened, reinforced; firm, solid, sturdy; tight, taut;
perfect, masterly, masterful; well-aimed (blow, hit); accurate, precise, exact
| ‫اﻟﺘﺪﺑﲑ‬ ‫ ﳏﻜﻢ‬well-planned, well-contrived
‫ ﻣﺴــﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬mustaḥkam reinforced, fortified; strengthened, consolidated,
strong; inveterate, deep-seated, deep-rooted, ingrained (custom, trait, etc.);
pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻤﺎت‬defenses, fortifications
‫ ﺣﻜﻤﺪارﻳﺔ‬,‫ ﺣﻜﻤﺪار‬see ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬

‫ ﺣﻜـﻰ‬ḥakā i (‫ ﺣﻜﺎﻳـﺔ‬ḥikāya) to tell, relate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), report, give an account
(‫ ﻫـ‬of); to speak, talk (syr., leb.); to imitate, copy (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.) III to imitate, copy (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), assimilate o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬to); to be similar (‫ﻫـ‬
to), be like s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, resemble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be attuned, adjusted, adapted (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to),
be in harmony (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with) ‫ ﺣﻜﺎﻳـﺔ‬ḥikāya pl. -āt story, tale, narrative, accountj
(gram.) literal quotation (of the words of others)
‫ ﳏﺎﻛﺎة‬muḥākāh imitation; similarity, resemblance; harmony
‫ ﺣﺎك‬ḥākin narrator, storyteller; phonograph; O loudspeaker, radio
‫ ﳏﻜﻲ‬maḥkīy imitated, imitation (adj.)
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‫ ﺣﻜﻴﻤﺒﺎﺷﻲ‬see ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬
1‫ ﺣـﻞ‬ḥalla u (ḥall) to untie (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a knot), unbind, unfasten, unravel, undo (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to solve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a problem, a puzzle); to decipher, decode (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to

dissolve in water (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; chem.); to resolve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into its components),
analyze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to melt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to decompose, disintegrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
disband, break up, dissolve (‫ ﻫـ‬an organization or party, parliament); to open,
unpack (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a package, and the like); to loosen, relax (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to release, set
free, let go (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to clear, exonerate, exculpate (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. from),
absolve (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from his sins; Ch,.); pass. ḥulla to be free; to be relaxed; -
- i u (‫ ﺣﻠـﻮل‬ḥulūl) to dismount, alight, stop, halt; to settle down, stay (‫ ب‬at a
place, also ‫ ﰲ‬and ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ;‫ ﻫـ‬with s.o., at s.o.’s house), come (for a visit, ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to);
to take up residence (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in a place or country); to descend, come down; to
descend (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.o.; wrath); to overcome, overwhelm (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.; sleep); to
Confidential
befall (‫ ب‬and ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.; punishment, suffering), occur, happen (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to
become incarnate (‫ ﰲ‬in s.o.; God); to set in, arrive, begin (time, season); -- i
to pass into solution, dissolve: to fade (color); -- i (ḥill) to be allowed,
permitted, permissible, lawful; to be due, payable (debt) |‫ﻣﻨﺼــﺐ‬ ‫ﺣــﻞ ﰲ‬
(manṣib) to take over or hold an office; ‫ﺣـﻞ ﳏﻠـﻪ‬ (maḥallahū) to be in the
right place; ‫اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ ‫ ﺣـﻞ ﳏـﻞ‬,‫( ﺣـﻞ ﳏـﻞ ﻓـﻼن‬maḥalla) to take the place of s.o. or
s.th., replace, supersede s.o. or s.th., substitute for s.o. or s.th.; ‫ﺣﻠـﺖ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬
‫ﳏـﻼ‬ (qalbihī) she held a place in his heart; ‫( ﺣـﻞ ﳏـﻞ اﻟﺘﻘـﺪﻳﺮ ﻟﺪﻳـﻪ‬maḥalla t-
taqdīri ladaihi) to enjoy s.o.’s. high esteem; ‫( ﺣــﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻔـﻮس اﻟﻘـﺮاء ﳏــﻞ‬min
nufūsi l-qurrā’i maḥalla l-istiḥsān) to appeal to the readers, meet with the
readers' approval II to dissolve, resolve (into its component parts), break up,
decompose, analyze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to make a chemical analysis (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.): to be
dissolvent, act as a solvent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on; med.): to discharge, absolve, clear,
exonerate, exculpate (‫ ه‬s.o.); (‫ ﲢﻠـﺔ‬taḥilla) to expiate an oath: to make
permissible or lawful, legitimate, sanction, justify, warrant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to

declare permissible or lawful, allow, permit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to discharge,
344
release, absolve, disengage (‫ه‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.o. from); to declare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) lawful,
legally permissible, permit, allow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cause to set in or occur, bring
about, produce, cause to take root, establish, stabilize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to cause (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) to take or occupy the place (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), shift, move, translocate (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a tribe, to a place); to settle (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬s.th. among) |‫( اﺣﻠـﻪ ﳏـﻞ‬maḥallahū) to
cause s.o. or s.th. to take the place of s.o. or s.th. else, replace s.o. or s.th. by,
substitute s.o. or s.th. for, take s.o. or s.th. as substitute for; ‫أﺣـﻞ اﻟﺸـﻲء ﳏـﻞ‬
‫( اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳـﺔ‬maḥalla l-‘ināya) to pay attention to s.th., make s.th. one’s concern V
to dissolve, melt, disintegrate; to disengage o.s., disassociate o.s., extricate
o.s., free o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) VII to be untied (knot); to be solved, be unraveled
(problem); to be dissolved, be broken up, be disbanded (also, of an
organization, a party, etc.); to dissolve, melt; to become .lock, limp, weak,
loose, relaxed; to disintegrate; to melt away VIII to settle down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at a
place); to occupy (mil., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a territory); to assume, take over, occupy, hold,
have (‫ ﻫـ‬a place, a rank, an office) |‫اﻷول‬ ‫( اﺣﺘﻞ اﳌﻜﺎن‬al-makāna l-awwala) to
Confidential
occupy the foremost place; ‫( اﺣﺘــﻞ أﻋﻤﺎﻟــﻪ‬a‘mālahū) to take over s.o.’s
functions X to regard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) as permissible or lawful, think that one may
do s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to regard as fair game, as easy prey, seize unlawfully,
misappropriate, usurp (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﺣـﻞ‬ḥall pl. ‫ ﺣﻠـﻮل‬ḥulūl untying, unfastening, undoing (of a knot); solution
(of a problem, of a puzzle, etc.); unriddling, unraveling, explanation;
solution (chem.); dissolution, disbandment, breaking up (of all organization,
etc.), abolition, cancellation, annulment; release, freeing, liberation;
decontrol, release, unblocking (e.g., of a blocked sum); discharge. clearing,
exoneration, exculpation; absolution (Chr.) |‫ﻟﻠﺤـﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬ soluble, solvable; O
‫( اﳊـﻞ اﻟﻄﻴﻔـﻲ‬ṭaifī) spectral analysis; ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﳊـﻞ واﻟﻌﻘـﺪ‬ahl al-ḥ. wa-l-‘aqd or ‫اﻫـﻞ‬
‫( اﳊـﻞ واﻟـﺮﺑﻂ‬rabṭ) influential people, those in power; ‫( ﰲ ﺣﻠـﻪ وﺗﺮﺣﺎﻟـﻪ‬tarḥālihī)
in all his doings, in everything he did
‫ ﺣﻞ‬ḥill: (‫( ﻋـﻦ( ﻛـﺎن ﰲ ﺣـﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬ḥillin) he was free to …, he was at liberty to
...; he had free disposal of ...; ‫اﻧـﺖ ﰲ ﺣـﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬ you’re free to ..., you may
readily ...
‫ ﺣﻠﺔ‬ḥalla pl. ‫ ﺣﻠﻞ‬ḥilal low copper vessel; cooking pot (eg.)
345
‫ ﺣﻠــﺔ‬ḥilla way station, stopping place, stop, stopover; encampment;

absolution (Chr.); dispensation (Chr.)
‫ ﺣﻠـﺔ‬ḥulla pl. ‫ ﺣﻠـﻞ‬ḥulal clothing, dress, garb; vestments (ecclesiastic;
Chr.); (complete) suit of clothes; (Western) suit |‫رﲰﻴــﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻠــﺔ‬ (rasmīya)
uniform; ‫اﻟﺴﻬﺮة‬ ‫ ﺣﻠﺔ‬ḥ. as-suhra formal dress
‫ ﺣـﻼل‬ḥalāl that which is allowed, permitted or permissible; allowed,
permitted, permissible, allowable, admissible, lawful, legal, licit, legitimate;
lawful possession |‫ﺣـﻼل‬ ‫ اﺑـﻦ‬ibn ḥ. legitimate son; respectable man, decent
fellow
‫ ﺣﻠــﻮل‬ḥulūl stopping, putting up, staying; descending, coming on,
befalling, overtaking; incarnation; setting in, advent, arrival (of a time, of a
deadline), beginning, dawn; substitution (for s.o.)
‫ ﺣﻠﻴﻞ‬ḥalīl pl. ‫ اﺣﻼء‬aḥillā’2 husband
‫ ﺣﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ḥalīla pl. ‫ ﺣﻼﺋﻞ‬ḥalā’il2 iI' wife
‫ اﺣﻠﻴﻞ‬iḥlīl outer opening of the urethra; urethra (anat.)
‫ ﳏـﻞ‬maḥall pl. -āt, ‫ ﳏـﺎل‬maḥāll2 place, location, spot, site, locale, locality,
Confidential
center; (place of) residence; business; business house, firm, commercial
house; store, shop; object, cause (e.g., of dispute, admiration, etc.); gear
(automobile) |‫ﳏﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ ﺣـﻞ‬and ‫ اﺣﻠـﻪ ﳏﻠـﻪ‬see ‫ ﺣـﻞ‬I and IV; ‫( ﳏﻠـﻪ‬maḥallahū) in his
(its) place; ‫ ﰲ ﳏﻠـﻪ‬in his (its) place, in his (its) stead, instead of him; ‫ﻛـﺎن ﰲ‬
‫ ﳏﻠـﻪ‬to be in the right place; to be appropriate, expedient, advisable; to be

justified, warranted; ‫ ﰲ ﻏـﲑ ﳏﻠـﻪ‬improper, misplaced, unsuitable, ill-suited;
out of place; inappropriate, inexpedient, inopportune; ‫ ﺻــﺎدف ﳏﻠـﻪ‬ṣādafa
maḥallahū to be convenient, be most opportune; ‫( ﻻ ﳏـﻞ ﻟـﻪ‬maḥalla) there is
no room for ... ; it is out of place, quite déplacé; ‫اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬
‫ ﳏـﻞ‬m. al-‘amal place
of employment; ‫ ﳏـﻞ اﻻﻗﺎﻣـﺔ‬m. al-iqāma (place of) residence, address; ‫ﳏـﻞ‬
‫( ﳒـﺎري‬tijārī) business house, commercial house; ‫‘( اﶈـﻼت اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬umūmīya,
tijārīya) public utilities and commercial houses; ‫ اﺳﻢ اﶈﻞ‬ism al-m. firm; ‫ﳏﻞ‬
‫ رﻫـﻮ ت‬m. ruhūnāt pawnshop; ‫ ﳏـﻼت اﻟﺴـﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬m. as-siyāḥfa travel agencies;

‫ ﳏـﻞ ﻣﺮﻃﺒـﺎت‬m. muraṭṭibāt refreshment parlor; ‫ ﳏـﻞ اﻟﻠﻬـﻮ‬m. al-lahw and ‫ﳏـﻞ‬
‫ اﳌﻼﻫـﻲ‬m. al-malāhī (pl. ‫ )ﳏـﺎل‬amusement center; ‫ ﳏـﻞ ﻧـﺰاع‬m. nizā‘ object of
346
controversy, controversial matter; ‫ﻻ ارى ﳏـﻼ ﻟﻌﺠـﺐ‬ lā arā m. li-‘ajabin I

don’t see any reason for amazement, there is nothing to be astonished about;
‫ ﳏﻞ‬m. naẓar s.th. deserving attention, a striking, remarkable thing
‫ ﳏﻠـﻲ‬maḥallī local; native, indigenous; parochial; pl. ‫ ﳏﻠﻴـﺎت‬local news,
local page (of a newspaper)
‫ ﳏﻞ‬maḥill due date; date of delivery
‫ ﳏﻠــﺔ‬maḥalla pl. -āt way station, stopping place, stop, stopover,
encampment; camp; section, part, quarter (of a city) |‫اﻟﻜـﱪى‬ ‫اﶈﻠـﺔ‬ (kubrā)
Mahalla el Kubra (city in N Egypt)
‫ ﲢﻠﻴ ــﻞ‬taḥlīl dissolution, resolution, breaking up, decomposition,
specification, detailing, analyzation; (pl. ‫ﲢﺎﻟﻴـﻞ‬ taḥālīl2) analysis (chem.);
absolution (Chr.) |‫ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ‬ in detail; ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﻞ ﲢﻠﻴـﻞ‬ ma‘mal t. laboratory for

chemical analyses; ‫ﲢﻠﻴــﻞ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋــﻲ‬ (kahrabā’ī) electrolysis; ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴــﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺴــﻲ‬
‫( ))اﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﱐ‬nafsī) psychoanalysis
‫ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬taḥlīlī analytic(al)
Confidential
‫ﲢﻠـ ــﻞ‬taḥallul dissolution, breakup; separation, disengagement,
disassociation
‫ اﳓـﻼل‬inḥilāl dissolution, breakup, decomposition; disintegration; decay,
putrefaction; slackening, exhaustion, prostration, weakness, impotence
‫ اﺣﺘﻼل‬iḥtilāl occupation (mil.) |‫ ﺟﻴﻮش اﻻﺣﺘﻼل‬occupation forces
‫ اﺣـﺘﻼﱄ‬iḥtilālī occupying, occupation (used attributively); advocate of
foreign occupation
‫ ﳏﻠــﻮل‬maḥlūl solved; dissolved, resolved, broken up; loose; untied,
unfastened, unfettered, free, at large; weakened, prostrate, exhausted,
languid; solution (liquid; chem.) |‫اﻟﺸــﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﳏﻠــﻮل‬ m. aš-ša‘ar with loose,
disheveled hair
‫ ﳏﻠﻞ‬muḥallil analyzer
‫ ﻣﻨﺤـﻞ‬munḥall solved; dissolved, resolved, broken up; disbanded; languid,
prostrate, weak; permitted, allowed
‫ ﺟﻴﻮش ﳏﺘﻠﺔ‬juyūš muḥtalla occupation forces
2‫ ﺣﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬see ‫ﺣﻮل‬
2‫ ﺣﻠـﺐ‬ḥālaba i u (ḥalb) to milk (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal) |‫ ﺣﻠـﺐ اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ اﺷـﻄﺮﻩ‬ḥalaba d-

dahra ašṭurahū he has seen good and bad days V to run, drip, trickle, ooze,
347
seep, leak; to water. drool (mouth, with appetite) |‫اﻷﻓـﻮاﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻠـﺐ ﻟـﻪ‬ (afwāh)
making the mouth water, appetizing;‫( ﲢﻠـﺐ اﻟﻠﻌـﺎب ﰲ ﻓﻤـﻲ‬al-lu‘ābu fī famī)
my mouth was watering VIII to milk (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal) X do.; to squeeze juice
(‫ ﻫـ‬from)
‫ ﺣﻠﺐ‬ḥalb milking
‫ ﺣﻠﺐ‬ḥalab milk
‫ ﺣﻠﺒـﺔ‬ḥalba pl. ḥalabāt race track; arena; dance floor; race horses | ‫ﺣﻠﺒـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟـﺮﻗﺺ‬ḥ. ar-raqṣ dance floor; ‫ اﻧـﻪ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠـﻚ اﳊﻠﺒـﺔ‬he is not made for that, he
doesn’t belong there, it is not in his line; ‫ ﻓـﺎرس ﺣﻠﺒـﺔ ب‬a master of, excelling
or outstanding in
‫ ﺣﻠﺒـﺔ‬ḥulba fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum; bot.); tonic, prepared
of yellowish grains, for women in childbed (eg., syr.)
‫ ﺣﻠﻴﺐ‬ḥalīb milk |‫ ﻟﱭ ﺣﻠﻴﺐ‬laban ḥ. cow’s milk (eg.)
‫ ﺣﻠــﻮب‬ḥalūb lactiferous |‫( ﺑﻘــﺮة ﺣﻠــﻮب‬baqara) milk cow; ‫اﳌﺎﺷــﻴﺔ اﳊﻠــﻮب‬
Confidential
(māšiya) dairy cattle
‫ ﺣﻼب‬ḥallāb milker
‫ ﺣﻼﺑﺔ‬ḥallāba milkmaid, dairymaid; dairywoman; milk cow
‫ ﳏﻠﺐ‬maḥlab mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb; bot.)
‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺐ‬ḥālib ureter
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻠﺐ‬mustaḥlab emulsion|‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﻠﻮز‬m. al-lauz almond milk
2‫ ﺣﻠﺐ‬ḥalab2 Aleppo
‫ ﺣﻠﺘﻴﺖ‬ḥiltīt, ḥaltīt asafetida (Ferula assafoetida; bot.)
‫ ﺣﻠﺞ‬ḥalaja i u (ḥalj, ‫ ﺣﻠﻴﺞ‬ḥalīj) to gin (‫ ﻫـ‬cotton)
‫ ﺣﻠﺞ‬ḥalj ginning (of cotton)
‫ ﺣﻠﻴﺞ‬ḥalīj ginning (of cotton); ginned (cotton)
‫ ﺣﻼﺟﺔ‬ḥilāja cotton ginner’s work or trade
‫ ﺣﻼج‬ḥallāj cotton ginner
‫ ﳏﻠﺞ‬miḥlaj, ‫ ﳏﻠﺠﺔ‬miḥlaja pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﰿ‬maḥālij2 cotton gin
‫ ﳏﻠﺞ‬maḥlaj pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﰿ‬maḥālij2 cotton ginnery
‫ ﺣﻠﺤـﻞ‬ḥalḥala to remove, drive away, shove away II taḥalḥala to stir from
one’s place; to move, stir, budge
348
‫ ﺣﻠﺰون‬ḥalazūn snail; spiral

‫ ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﺔ‬ḥalazūna (n. un.) snail; spiral
‫ ﺣﻠﺰوﱏ‬ḥalazūnī spiral, helical, volute, winding
‫ ﺣﻠـﺲ‬ḥalisa a to remain, stay permanently (‫ ب‬at a place), stick (‫ ب‬to a
place)
‫ ﺣﻠـﺲ‬ḥi1s pl. ‫ اﺣـﻼس‬aḥlās (with foll. genit.) one addicted or given to s.th.,
one adhering to s.th.|‫اﻟﻠﻬـﻮ‬ ‫اﺣـﻼس‬ a. al-lahw people given to pleasure and
amusement, bons vivants, playboys
‫ ﺣﻠﺲ‬ḥils pl. ‫ اﺣﻼس‬aḥlās, ‫ ﺣﻠﻮس‬ḥulūs saddle blanket
‫ اﺣﻠﺲ‬aḥlas2, f. ‫ ﺣﻠﺴﺎء‬ḥulasā’2 bay, chestnut (horse)
‫ ﺣﻠﻒ‬ḥalafa i (ḥalf, ḥilf) to swear ( by God)| ‫( ﺣﻠﻒ ﳝﻴﻨﺎ‬yamīnan) to take
an oath II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) swear; to put to oath, swear in (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adjure,
entreat earnestly (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to enter into a confederation, into an alliance (‫ه‬
with s.o.), become an ally (‫ ه‬of s.o.) VI to commit one another by oath (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Confidential
to do s.th.), join in alliance; to ally, makc an alliance (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with) X to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) swear, exact an oath (‫ ه‬from s.o.); to adjure, entreat earllestly (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺣﻠﻒ‬ḥalf, ḥilf swearing, oath| ‫ ﺣﻠﻒ اﻟﻴﻤﲔ‬taking the oath
‫ ﺣﻠـﻒ‬ḥilf sworn alliance, confederacy, league; federation; (pl. ‫اﺣـﻼف‬
aḥlāf) ally| ‫‘( ﺣﻠـﻒ ﻋﺴـﻜﺮى‬aakarī) military alliancc; ‫( اﳊﻠـﻒ اﻻﻃﻠﻨﻄـﻰ‬aṯlanṯī)
the Atlantic Pact
‫ ﺣﻠﻴـﻒ‬ḥaīf pl. ‫ ﺣﻠﻔـﺎء‬ḥulafā’2 confederate; ally; allied |‫ اﳊﻠﻔـﺎء‬the Allies
(pol.)
‫ ﺣﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬ḥalīfa pl. -āt f. of ‫ﺣﻠﻴﻒ‬
‫ ﺣﻠﻮف‬ḥallūf pl. ‫ ﺣﻼﻟﻴﻒ‬ḥalālīf2 (magr., eg.) wild boar; pig, swine
‫ ﺣﻠﻔﺎء‬ḥulafā’ and ‫ ﺣﻠﻔﺔ‬ḥalfa (bot.) alfa, esparto
‫ ﲢﻠﻴﻒ‬taḥlīf swearing in |‫ ﳉﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻒ‬lajnat at-t. the jury (in court)
‫ ﳏﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬muḥālafa alliance
‫ ﲢﺎﻟﻒ‬taḥāluf state of alliance; alliance, treaty of alliance
‫ ﳏﻠﻒ‬muḥallaf sworn, bound by oath; (pl. -ūn) juror (in court)
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺎﻟﻒ‬mutaḥālif interallied, allied
349
‫ ﺣﻠـﻖ‬ḥalaqa i (ḥalq) to shave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the head, the face); to shave off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
beard) II to circle in the air, hover; to fly, soar (bird; airplane; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬and ‫)ﻓـﻮق‬
over or above s.th.); to round, make round, circular or ring-shaped (‫ﻫ ـ‬
Sotho); to ring, surround, encircle (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to clothe V to form a
circle, sit in a circle; to gather in a circle (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬around s.o.)
‫ ﺣﻠـﻖ‬ḥalq shaving, shave; (pl. ‫ ﺣﻠـﻮق‬ḥulūq, ‫ اﺣـﻼق‬aḥlāq) throat, gullet,
pharynx
‫ ﺣﻠﻘﻰ‬ḥalqī guttural, pharyngeal
‫ ﺣﻠﻖ‬ḥalaq rings, earrings
‫ ﺣﻠﻘـﺔ‬ḥalqa, ḥalaqa pl. ‫ ﺣﻠـﻖ‬ḥalaq, ‫ ﺣﻠﻘـﺎت‬ḥalaqāt ring (also earring, etc.);
link (of a chain); circle (also of people); group of students studying under a
professor, hence: lecture, course (e.g., at Al Azhar University); part of a
sequence or series; ringlet; disk; decade; market| ‫اﻟﻨﺠـﺎة‬ ‫ ﺣﻠﻘـﺔ‬ḥ. an-najāh life
buoy, life preserver; Jl- ‫ ﺣﻠﻘـﺔ اﻻﺗﺼـﺎل‬ḥ. al-ittiṣāl and ‫ ﺣﻠﻘـﺔ اﻟﻮﺻـﻞ‬ḥ. al-waṣl
connecting link (‫ ﺑــﲔ‬between; fig.); ‫ اﳊﻠﻘــﺔ اﳌﻔﻘــﻮدة‬the missing link, the
Confidential
intermediate form; ‫‘( ﰱ اﳊﻠﻘـﺔ اﻟﺴﺎدﺳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮﻩ‬umrihī) in the sixth decade of
his life, in his fifties; ‫ ﺣﻠﻘـﺔ اﻻﲰـﺎك‬fish market; ‫ ﺣﻠﻘـﺔ اﻟﻘﻄـﻦ‬ḥ. al-quṯn cotton
market
‫ ﺣﻠﻘﻲ‬ḥalaqī annular, ring-shaped, circular
‫ ﺣـﻼق‬ḥallāq pl. -ūn barber |‫( ﺣـﻼق ﺻـﺤﻲ‬ṣiḥḥī), ‫ ﺣـﻼق اﻟﺼـﺤﺔ‬ḥ. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa
barber-surgeon
‫ ﺣﻠﻴﻖ‬ḥalīq shaved, shaven, shorn
‫ ﺣﻼﻗـﺔ‬ḥallāqa shaving, shave; barber’s trade | ‫ ﺻـﺎﺑﻮن اﳊﻼﻗـﺔ‬ṣābūn al-ḥ.
shaving soap;‫ ﺻـﺎﻟﻮن اﳊﻼﻗـﺔ‬barbershop; ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺔ اﳊﻼﻗـﺔ‬qā‘at al-ḥ. do.; O ‫ﻣﺎﻛﻴﻨـﺔ‬
‫ ﺣﻼﻗﺔ‬and O ‫ آﻟﺔ ﺣﻼﻗﺔ‬safety razor
‫ ﳏﻠﻖ‬miḥlaq pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﻟﻖ‬maḥāliq2 straight razor
‫ ﲢﻠﻴﻖ‬taḥlīq flying, flight (of all aircraft; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬and ‫ ﻓﻮق‬over a country); take-
off (of an airplane)
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﻖ‬min ḥāliq from above
‫ ﺣﻠﻘـﻮم‬ḥulqūm pl. ‫ ﺣﻼﻗـﻢ‬ḥalāqim2 throat, gullet |‫اﳊﻠﻘـﻮم‬ ‫راﺣـﺔ‬ rāḥat al-ḥ. a
kind of sweet made of cornstarch, sugar, mastic and pistachios (eg.)
350
‫ ﺣﻠـﻚ‬ḥalika a (ḥalak) to be pitch-black, deep-black XII ‫ اﺣﻠﻮﻟـﻚ‬iḥlaulaka

do.
‫ ﺣﻠﻚ‬ḥalak intense blackness
‫ ﺣﻠﻜﺔ‬ḥulka intense blackness
‫ ﺣﻠﻚ‬ḥalik pitch-black, deep-black; gloomy, murky
‫ ﺣﻠﻮﻛﺔ‬ḥulūka gloominess, darkness; blackness
‫ ﺣﺎﻟﻚ‬ḥālik pitch-black, deep-black; gloomy, murky
‫ ﺣﻠﻢ‬ḥalama u to dream (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬of; ‫ ﰱ ان‬of being, becoming, doing, etc.,
in the future); to muse, reflect, meditate (‫ ب‬on s.th.); to attain puberty; --
ḥaluma u to be gentle, mild-tempered VIII to attain puberty
‫ ﺣﻠﻢ‬ḥulm, pl. ‫ اﺣﻼم‬aḥlām, dream; pl. irreality, utopia
‫ ﺣﻠﻤﻲ‬ḥulmī dream- (in compounds), of or pertaining to dreams
‫ ﺣﻠﻢ‬ḥulum sexual maturity, puberty | ‫ﺑﻠﻎ اﳊﻠﻢ‬to attain puberty
‫ ﺣﻠـﻢ‬ḥilm, pl. ‫ ﺣﻠـﻮم‬ḥulūm, ‫ اﺣـﻼم‬aḥlām gentleness, clemency, mildness;
forbearance, indulgence; patience; insight, discernment, understanding,
Confidential
intelligence, reason | ‫اﻻﺣﻼم‬
breast)
‫ﺻﻐﺎر‬ simpleminded people, simple souls
‫ ﺣﻠﻢ‬ḥalam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tick; mite; nipple, teat, mammilla (of the female
‫ ﺣﻠﻤﻲ‬ḥalamī parasitic; mammillary, nipple-shaped

‫ ﺣﻠﻴﻢ‬ḥalīm, pl. ‫ ﺣﻠﻤﺎء‬ḥulamā’ 2 mild, mild-tempered, gentle; patient
‫ﺣﻠﻮم‬ḥālūm, ‫ ﺣﺎﻟﻮم‬ḥālūm a kind of Egyptian cheese
‫ ﺣﺎﱂ‬ḥālim pl. -ūn dreamer
‫ ﳏﺘﻠﻢ‬muḥtalim sexually mature, pubescent, marriageable
(‫ ﺣﻠﻮ‬and ‫ )ﺣﻠﻰ‬ḥaluwa u, ḥaliya a, ‫ ﺣﻼ‬ḥalā u (‫ ﺣﻼوة‬ḥalāwa, ‫ ﺣﻠﻮان‬ḥulwān)
to be sweet; to be pleasant, agreeable (‫ ل‬to s.o.) |‫اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ ‫ ﺣﻼ ﻟـﻪ‬he enjoyed the
thing; ‫ ﺣـﻼ ﻟـﻪ ان‬it pleased him that ..., he was delighted that ...; ‫ﺣﺴـﺒﻤﺎ ﳛﻠـﻮ ﻟـﻪ‬
(ḥasabamā) at his discretion, as he pleases; -- ‫ ﺣﻠـﻰ‬ḥalā i to adorn, grace; --
‫ ﺣﻠـﻰ‬ḥaliya a to be adorned (‫ ب‬with) II to sweeten (II s.th., e.g., a beverage
with sugar); to adorn, bedeck, embellish, attire, furnish, provide (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th., ‫ ب‬with) V to adorn o.s., be adorned, decked out, embellished, graced,
351
endowed, furnished, provided (‫ ب‬with) X to find sweet or pleasant, like (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.), be delighted (‫ ﻫـ‬by)
‫ ﺣﻼ‬ḥalan sweetness, pleasantness
‫ ﺣﻠـﻮ‬ḥulw sweet; pleasant, nice, charming, delightful, pretty |‫ ﺣﻠـﻮ اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬a
gifted raconteur, amusing, entertaining; ‫اﳊﻠﻮة‬ ‫( اﻟﻐﺪة‬gudda) pancreas (anat.)
‫ ﺣﻠﻲ‬ḥaly pl. ‫ ﺣﻠﻲ‬ḥulīy piece of jewelry, trinket
‫ ﺣﻠﻴــﺔ‬ḥilya pl. ‫ ﺣﻠــﻰ‬ḥilan, ḥulan decoration, embellishment, finery;
ornament
‫ ﺣﻠــﻮى‬ḥalwa pl. ‫ ﺣــﻼوى‬ḥalāwa candy, confection, confectionery,
sweetmeats
‫ ﺣﻠﻮاء‬fi.alwa'2 candy, confection, con·
fectionery, sweetmeats
‫ ﺣﻠـﻮ ت‬ḥalwayāt (and eg. ḥalawīyāt) sweets (in general); sweet pastry;
candies, confectionery, sweetmeats
‫ ﺣــﻼوة‬ḥalāwa sweetness; candies, confectionery, sweetmeats; grace,
Confidential
gracefulness, charm, refinement, wittiness, wit; present of money; ransom |
‫( ﺣـﻼوة ﲪﺼـﻴﺔ‬ḥummuṣīya) a sweet made of roasted chick-peas; ‫ﺣـﻼوة ﻃﺤﻴﻨﻴـﺔ‬
(ṭahīnīya) a sweet made of sesame-seed meal; ‫( ﺣـﻼوة ﻟﻮزﻳـﺔ‬lauzīya) a sweet
made of almonds
‫ ﺣﻠﻮان‬ḥulwān present of money, gratuity, tip
‫ ﺣﻠﻮاﱐ‬ḥalwānī and ‫ ﺣﻠـﻮاﺋﻲ‬ḥalwā’ī confectioner, candy dealer; pastry cook,
fancy baker
‫ ﻣﺎ اﺣﻴﻠﻰ‬mā uḥailā oh, how sweet is ..., ‫ ﻣﺎ اﺣﻴﻼﻩ‬oh, how sweet he is!
‫ ﲢﻠﻴﺔ‬taḥliya decoration, embellishment, ornamentation
‫ ﳏﻠـﻰ‬muḥallan sweetened; decorated, embellished, adorned, ornamented
(‫ ب‬with)
1 ‫ﺣـﻢ‬ ḥam pl. ‫اﲪـﺎء‬ aḥmā’ father-in-law; pl. relatives of the wife by
marriage, in-laws of the wife
‫ ﲪﺎة‬ḥamāh pl. ‫ ﲪﻮات‬ḥamawāt mother-in-law; see also 1 ‫ ﲪﻰ‬and 2‫ﲪﻰ‬
2‫ ﺣﻢ‬ḥuma see 2 ‫ﲪﻮ‬
3‫ ﺣـﻢ‬ḥamma u (ḥamm) to heat, make hot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); pass. ḥumma to be
feverish, have a fever |‫ذﻟـﻚ‬ ‫( ﺣـﻢ ﻟـﻪ‬ḥumma) that was decreed to him, that is
352
his lot, his destiny II to heat, make hot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bathe, wash (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.
or s.th.) IV to heat, make hot (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) X to bathe, take a bath
‫ ﲪﺔ‬ḥamma hot spring
‫ ﲪﺔ‬ḥumma blackness, swarthiness, dark coloration; fever
‫ ﲪـﻢ‬ḥumam (n. un. ‫ )ة‬charcoal; anything charred or carbonized; ashes,
cinder; lava
‫ ﲪـﻰ‬ḥumma f., pl. ‫ ﲪﻴـﺎت‬ḥummayāt fever, fever heat |‫ اﳊﻤـﻰ اﻟﺘﻴﻔﻮدﻳـﺔ‬and
‫( اﳊﻤـﻰ اﻟﺘﻴﻔﻴـﺔ‬tīfīya) typhoid fever, typhus fever; ‫ ﲪـﻰ اﻟـﺪق‬ḥ. d-diqq hectic
fever; ‫ ﲪـﻰ اﻟﺮﺑـﻊ‬ḥ. r-rib‘ quartan fever; ‫ اﳊﻤـﻰ اﻟﺮاﺟﻌـﺔ‬relapsing fever; ‫اﳊﻤـﻰ‬
‫ اﻟﺼـﻔﺮاء‬or ‫( اﳊﻤـﻰ اﻟﺼـﻔﺮاوﻳﺔ‬ṣafrā’, ṣafrāwīya) yellow fever; ‫ ﲪـﻰ اﻟﻐـﺐ‬ḥ. l-gibb
tertian fever; ‫اﻟﻔﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫( اﳊﻤﻰ‬faḥmīya) anthrax; ‫( اﳊﻤﻰ اﻟﻘﺮﻣﺰﻳـﺔ‬qirmizīya) scarlet
fever; ‫ ﲪـﻰ اﻟﻘـﺶ‬ḥ. l-qašš hayfever; ‫( اﳊﻤـﻰ اﻟﻘﻼﻋﻴـﺔ‬qulā‘īya) foot-and-mouth
disease; ‫( اﳊﻤــﻰ اﳌﺨﻴــﺔ اﻟﺸــﻮﻛﻴﺔ‬mukkīya, šaukīya) cerebrospinal meningitis;
‫( اﳊﻤﻰ اﳌﺘﻤﻮﺟـﺔ‬mutamawwija) undulant fever, Malta fever, brucellosis; ‫اﳊﻤـﻰ‬
Confidential
‫( اﻟﻨﻔﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬nifāsīya) puerperal fever, childbed fever; O ‫( اﳊﻤـﻰ اﻟﻨﻤﺸـﻴﺔ‬namašīya)
spotted fever
‫ ﲪﻲ‬ḥummī feverish, febrile, fever- (in compounds)
‫ ﲪﺎم‬ḥamām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt, ‫ ﲪﺎﺋﻢ‬ḥamā’im2 dove, pigeon |‫ﲪﺎم اﻟﺰاﺟﻞ‬
carrier pigeon; ‫اﳊﻤﺎم‬ ‫ ﺳﺎق‬bugloss, oxtongue (Anchusa officinalis; bot.)
‫ ﲪﺎم‬ḥimām (fate of) death
‫ ﲪـﺎم‬ḥammām pl. -āt bath; swimming pool; spa, watering place |‫ﲪـﺎم ﴰـﺲ‬
ḥ. šams sunbath; ‫ﲝﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﲪﺎﻣﺎت‬baḥrīya) seaside resorts
‫ ﲪﻴﻢ‬ḥamīm pl. ‫ اﲪﺎء‬aḥimmā’2 close friend; close, intimate; -- hot water
‫ اﺣﻢ‬aḥamm2, f. ‫ ﲪﺎء‬ḥammā’2, pl. ‫ ﺣﻢ‬ḥumm black
‫ ﳏﻢ‬miḥamm hot-water kettle, caldron, boiler
‫ اﺳﺘﺤﻤﺎم‬istiḥmām bathing, bath
‫ ﳏﻤﻮم‬maḥmūm feverish, having a fever; frantic, hectic
1‫ ﲪﺄ‬ḥama’a a to clean out, dredge (‫ ﻫـ‬a well)
‫ ﲪﺄ‬ḥama’, ‫ ﲪﺄة‬ḥam’a mud, mire, sludge
353
2‫ ﲪﺊ‬ḥami’a to be or become angry, furious, mad (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at s.o.)
‫ ﲪﺤﻢ‬ḥamḥama (‫ ﲪﺤﻤﺔ‬ḥamḥama) to neigh, whinny (horse)

‫ ﲪﺤﻤﺔ‬ḥamḥama neigh(ing), whinnying, whinnies
‫ ﲪﺤﻢ‬ḥimḥim oxtongue, bugloss (Anchusa officinalis; bot.)
‫ ﲪـﺪ‬ḥamida a (ḥamd) to praise, commend, laud, extol (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. for, ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) II to praise highly (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﲪـﺪ‬ḥamd commendation, praise, laudation | ‫ اﳊﻤـﺪ‬al-ḥamdu lillāh thank
God! praise be to God! praised be the Lord!
‫ ﲪﻴــﺪ‬ḥamīd praiseworthy, laudable, commendable; benign, harmless
(disease)
‫ ﲪﻮد‬ḥamūd praiseworthy, laudable, commendable, praised
‫ اﲪﺪ‬aḥmad2 more laudable, more commendable
‫ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻷﲪﺪﻳﺔ‬aš-šarī‘a al-aḥmadīya Mohammedan Law
‫ ﷴة‬maḥmada pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﻣـﺪ‬maḥāmid2 commendable act; pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﻣـﺪ‬praises,
encomiums
Confidential
‫ ﳏﻤﻮد‬maḥmūd praised; commendable, laudable, praiseworthy
‫ ﷴ‬muḥammad praised; commendable, laudable
‫ ﷴي‬muḥammadī pertaining or attributable to Mohammed
‫ ﲪﺪل‬ḥamdala to pronounce the formula ‫" اﳊﻤﺪ‬Praise be to God!”
‫ ﲪﺪﻟﺔ‬ḥamdala the formula ‫( اﳊﻤﺪ‬see above)
‫ ﲪـﺮ‬II to redden, color or dye red (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to roast (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fry (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to brown (‫ ﻫـ‬flour in preparing a roux) IX to turn red, take on a reddish
color, redden, blush
‫ ﲪﺮ‬ḥumar asphalt
‫ ﲪﺮي‬ḥumarī asphaltic, asphalt, tar, tarry
‫ ﲪـﺮة‬ḥumra redness, red color(ation), red; rouge (cosm.); brick dust, brick
rubble; erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire (med.)
‫ ﲪـﺎر‬ḥimār pl. ‫ ﲪـﲑ‬ḥamīr, ‫ ﲪـﺮ‬ḥumur, ‫ اﲪـﺮة‬aḥmira donkey, ass |‫ﲪـﺎر اﻟـﻮﺣﺶ‬
ḥ. al-waḥš and ‫ﲪـﺎر وﺣﺸـﻲ‬ (waḥšī) wild ass, onager; ‫ﺳـﻢ اﳊﻤـﺎر‬ samm al-ḥ.
oleander (Nerium oleander; bot.)
‫ ﲪﺎرة‬ḥimāra pl. ‫ ﲪﺎﺋﺮ‬ḥamā’ir2 she-ass, female donkey
354
‫ ﲪﻮر‬ḥumūr red, red color(ation), redness

‫ ﲪﲑة‬ḥumaira redstart (zool.)
‫ ﲪﺎر‬ḥammār pl. ‫ ة‬donkey driver
‫ اﲪـﺮ‬aḥmar2, f. ‫ ﲪـﺮاء‬ḥamrā’2, pl. ‫ ﲪـﺮ‬ḥumr red, red-colored, ruddy; rosy,
pink |‫اﻷﲪﺮ‬ ‫ دون‬,‫ ﲢﺖ اﻷﲪﺮ‬infrared; ‫ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﲪﺮ‬the Red Sea; ‫ اﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ اﻷﲪـﺮ‬the
Red Cross; ‫( اﳌــﻮت اﻷﲪــﺮ‬maut) violent death; ‫( اﳍــﻮى اﻷﲪــﺮ‬hawā) sexual
intercourse; ‫“( اﻷﲪـﺮان‬the two red ones”, i.e.) wine and meat; ‫اﻻﺳـﻮد واﻻﲪـﺮ‬
(“the black and the red”, i.e.) all mankind; ‫ اﲪﺮ اﻟﺸﻔﺎﻩ‬lipstick
‫ ﲪـﺮاء‬ḥamrā’2 smut, rust (disease affecting cereals); ‫ اﳊﻤـﺮاء‬Alhambra, the
Citadel of Granada
‫ ﳛﻤﻮر‬yaḥmūr red; deer, roe, roebuck; wild ass; hemoglobin (physiol.)
‫ اﲪـﺮار‬iḥmirār reddening, blush(ing), redness, red coloration; erythema
(med.)
‫ ﳏﻤﺮ‬muḥammar roasted |‫( ﺑﻄﺎﻃﺲ ﳏﻤﺮة‬baṭāṭis) fried potatoes
‫ ﲪﺰ‬ḥamaza i (ḥamz) to bite, or burn, the tongue (taste)
Confidential
‫ ﲪـﺲ‬ḥamisa a to work with zeal, be zealous, eager, ardent, be or become
enthusiastic, get all worked up, get excited, be filled with fanatic enthusiasm
V = I; to be overzealous or over-enthusiastic (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.); to advocate
fervently (‫ ل‬s.th.), throw o.s. wholeheartedly behind s.th. (‫)ل‬
‫ ﲪـﺲ‬ḥamis and ‫ اﲪـﺲ‬aḥmas2 unflinching, staunch, steadfast, ardent,
eager, zealous, stout, hearty; fiery, enthusiastic, full of enthusiasm
‫ ﲪـﺎس‬ḥamās, and ‫ ﲪﺎﺳــﺔ‬ḥamāsa enthusiasm, fire, ardor, fervor, zeal,
fanaticism
‫ ﲪﺎﺳﻲ‬ḥamāsī enthusiastic, ardent, fiery, zealous, fanatic; stirring, rousing,
thrilling, electrifying
‫ ﲢﻤﺲ‬taḥammus unflinching zeal, enthusiasm (‫ ل‬for), fanaticism
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺲ‬mutaḥammis enthusiastic, ardent, fiery, zealous, fanatic; an ardent
follower, a fanatic adherent, a fanatic
‫ ﲪﺶ‬ḥamaša u to excite, irritate, infuriate, enrage (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﲪﺸﺔ‬ḥamša catgut (med.)
1‫ ﲪﺺ‬II to roast; to fry, broil (A s.th.)
‫ ﲪﺺ‬ḥimmiṣ, ḥimmmaṣ; (colloq.) ḥummuṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬chick-pea
355
2‫ ﲪﺺ‬Mm,' Homs (the ancient Emesa, city in oentral Syria)
‫ ﲪـﺾ‬ḥamuḍa u (‫ ﲪﻮﺿـﺔ‬ḥumūḍa) to be or become sour II to make sour,

sour, acidify, acidulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to develop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a photographic plate, a film;
phot.); to cause (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) to oxidize
‫ ﲪﺾ‬ḥamaḍa pl. ‫ اﲪﺎض‬aḥmāḍ acid (chem.) |‫( ﲪﺾ ﺑﻮﱄ‬baulī) uric acid
‫ ﺷﺠﺮ ﲪﻀﻲ‬šajar ḥamḍī citrus trees
‫ ﲪﻀﻴﺔ‬ḥamḍīya pl. -āt citrus fruit
‫ ﲪﻮﺿـﺔ‬hummūḍa sourness, acidity |‫ ﻣﻮﻟـﺪ اﳊﻤﻮﺿـﺔ‬muwallid al-ḥ. oxygen
(chem.)
‫ ﲪﺎض‬ḥammāḍ, ‫ ﲪﻴﺾ‬ḥummaiḍ sorrel (bot.)
‫ ﲢﻤﻴﺾ‬taḥmīḍ souring, acidification; development (phot.)
‫ اﲪﺎض‬iḥmāḍ jocular language, joking remark
‫ ﺣـﺎﻣﺾ‬sour, acid; acidulous; (pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮاﻣﺾ‬ḥawāmiḍ) acid (chem.) | ‫ﺣـﺎﻣﺾ‬
‫ اﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬ḥ. al-faḥm carbonic acid: ‫( ﺣﺎﻣﺾ ﻛﱪﻳﱵ‬kibrītī) sulphuric acid
Confidential
‫ ﲪـﻖ‬ḥamiqa a and ḥamuqa u (ḥumq, ‫ ﲪﺎﻗـﺔ‬ḥamāqa) to be stupid, silly,
foolish, fatuous; to become angry or furious II and IV to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as a
fool, consider (‫ ه‬s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic n pretend to be stupid VII to
become angry or furious X to consider (‫ ه‬s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic
‫ ﲪﻖ‬ḥumq stupidity, silliness, foolishness, folly
‫ ﲪﺎﻗـﺔ‬ḥamāqa stupidity, silliness, foolishness, folly; anger, wrath ‫ﲪـﺎق‬
ḥumāq, ḥamāq smallpox, variola (med.)
‫ ﲪﻖ‬aḥmaq2, f. ‫ ﲪﻘﺎء‬ḥamqā’2, pl. ‫ ﲪﻖ‬ḥum(u)q, ‫ ﲪﻘﻰ‬ḥamqā, ‫ ﲪﺎﻗﻰ‬ḥamāqā
dumb, stupid, silly, foolish, fatuous; fool, simpleton, imbecile
‫ ﲪﻖ‬ḥamqān dumb, stupid, silly, foolish; angry, furious
‫ ﲪﻞ‬ḥamala i (ḥaml) to carry, bear (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to lift, pick up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. in order
to carry it), load up and take along (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to hold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., in one’s hand);
to carry on or with one. take or bring along (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to transport, carry,
convey (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bring, take (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬

‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.); to take upon o.s. (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
instead of or for s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a burden), carry, assume (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the burden, ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.o.
356
else), relieve (‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. from s.th.), take (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a burden, a grievance, etc.) from
s.o. (‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to extend, show, evince, cherish, ha.rbor (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a feeling, ‫ ل‬toward
s.o.); to become or be pregnant (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by s.o.): to bear fruit (tree); to induce,
cause, prompt, get (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. to do s.th.), make s.o. (‫ )ه‬do s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to
convert, bring around, win over (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ رأﻳـﻪ ه‬s.o. to one’s opinion), convince
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ رأﻳـﻪ ه‬s.o. of one’s opinion); to attack (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), also ‫ﲪـﻞ ﲪﻠـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
(ḥamlatan) to launch or make an attack on; to know by beart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a book); to
relate, refer (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to). bring (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s. th.) to bear (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.th.), link,
correlate, bring into relation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with); to trace, trace back (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. to); to ascribe, attribute, impute (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to make (‫ ﻫـ‬a word)
agree grammatically (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with another) | ‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﲪـﻞ ﰲ‬to feel annoyed, be in a

melancholy mood, feel blue; ‫ ﲪـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to pull o.s. together, brace o.s.;
‫( ﲪﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﻞ‬maḥmali) to take s.th. to mean …, interpret or construe s.th. in
Confidential
the sense of …, as if it were ...; ‫ ﲪﻠــﻪ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻏــﲑ ﳏﻤــﻞ‬to misinterpret,
misconstrue s.th.; ‫اﳉـﺪ‬ ‫( ﲪﻠﻪ ﳏﻤـﻞ‬maḥmala l-jidd) to take s.th. seriously, take
s.th. at face value II to have or make (‫ ه‬s.o.) carry or bear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), load,
burden, charge, task (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. or s.th. ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), impose (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬on s.o. s.th.) V
to hear, assume, take upon o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ اﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎت‬an-nafaqāt the expenses,
‫ اﳌﺴـﺆوﻟﻴﺔ‬al-mas’ūlīya the responsibility); to bear up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬under), bear, stand,
sustain, endure, tolerate, stomach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to undergo, suffer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be
able to stand (‫ ه‬s.o.) or put up (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to set out, get on one’s way; to
depart VI to maltreat, treat unjustly (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.), be prejudiced, be biased, take

sides (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.); to struggle to one’s feet, rise with great effort |
‫( ﲢﺎﻣـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsihi) to brace o.s.; to pull o.s. together, take heart, pluck
up courage VIII to carry, bring (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to carry away, take away, haul off,
lug off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to suffer, undergo, bear, stand, endure, sustain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
allow, permit, suffer, tolerate, brook, stomach (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), acquiesce (‫ ﻫـ‬in), put
up, bear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to hold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), have capacity (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to imply that
357
s.th. (‫ )ﻫـ‬is possible, permissible, or conceivable; ‫ ﳛﺘﻤـﻞ‬yaḥtamilu and (pass.)

yuḥtamalu (it is) bearable, tolerable; (it is) conceivable, possible, probable,
likely
‫ ﲪـﻞ‬ḥaml carrying, bearing; inducement, prompting, encouragement (of
s.o., ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ to); delivery; transport, transportation, conveyance; portage,
carrying charges; -- (pl. ‫اﲪـﺎل‬ aḥmāl, ‫ﲪـﺎل‬ ḥimāl) foetus; pregnancy | ‫ﻋـﺪم‬
‫‘ اﳊﻤﻞ‬adam al-ḥ. sterility (of a woman)
‫ ﲪﻞ‬ḥiml, ḥaml pl. ‫ اﲪﺎل‬aḥmāl cargo, load, burden |‫ ﲪﻞ ﺣﻲ‬ḥaml ḥayy pay
load, commercial load, live load; ‫ ﲪـﻞ ﻣﻴـﺖ‬mayyit) dead load; dead weight
(arch.); ‫ﻣﻮازن‬ ‫( ﲪﻞ‬muwāzin) counterpoise, counterweight
‫ ﲪـﻞ‬ḥamal pl. ‫ ﲪـﻼن‬ḥumlān, ‫ اﲪـﺎل‬aḥmāl lamb; (unconsecrated) Host
(Chr.Copt.); Aries, Ram (astron.)
‫ ﲪﻠـﺔ‬ḥamla pl. ḥamalāt attack (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); offensive; campaign; military
expedition; expeditionary force |‫دﻳﺒﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﲪﻠـﺔ‬ (ta’dībīya) punitive expedition;
m‫ﺻ ــﺤﺎﻓﻴﻲ‬ ‫ﲪﻠــﺔ‬ ‫ﲪﻠــﺔ اﺳﺘﻜﺸــﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
Confidential
(ṣiḥāfīya) press campaign; (istikšāfīya)
reconnaissance raid (mil.); ‫ ﲪﻠـﺔ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴـﺔ‬motorized detachment (mil.); ‫ﲪﻠـﺔ‬

‫( اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬intikābīya) election campaign
‫ ﲪﻠﻲ‬ḥamalī pl. -īya ambulant water vendor
‫ ﲪﻴﻞ‬ḥamīl foundling; guarantor, warrantor
‫ ﲪﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ḥamīla ‘alā a burden to, completely dependent upon
‫ ﲪﻮل‬ḥamūl long-suffering; gentle, mild-tempered
‫ ﲪﺎل‬ḥamnāl pl. -ūn, ‫ ة‬porter, carrier
‫ ﲪﺎﻟﺔ‬ḥimāla work and trade of a porter or carrier
‫ ﲪﺎﻟـﺔ‬ḥammāla (carrier) beam, girder, support, base, post, pier, pillar;
suspenders |‫اﻟﺼﺪر‬ ‫( ﲪﺎﻟﺔ‬ṣadr) brassiere
‫ ﲪﻮﻟـﺔ‬ḥumūla pl. -āt load capacity, load limit, capacity; tonnage (of a
vessel); portage, freightage, transport charges; (pl. ‫ﲪﺎﺋـﻞ‬ ḥamā’il2) family
(Ir.)
‫ ﳏﻤـﻞ‬maḥmal see ‫ ﲪـﻞ‬ḥamala; also ‫( أﺧـﺬ ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﳏﻤـﻞ اﳉـﺪ‬m. il-jidd) to
take s.th. seriously
358
‫ ﳏﻤـﻞ‬maḥmil (colloq. maḥmal) pl. ‫ ﳏﺎﻣـﻞ‬maḥāmil2 camel-borne litter;

mahmal, a richly decorated litter sent by Islamic rulers to Mecca as an
emblem of their independence, at the time of the hadj
‫ ﲢﻤﻴــﻞ‬taḥmīl burdening; encumbrance; imposition; loading, shipping,
shipment
‫ ﲢﻤﻴﻠﺔ‬taḥmīla pl. ‫ ﲢﺎﻣﻞ‬taḥāmil2 suppository (med.)
‫ ﲢﻤـﻞ‬taḥammul taking over, assumption (of burdens); bearing, standing,
sufferance, endurance; durability; strength,hardiness, sturdiness, solidity (of
a material)
‫ ﲢﺎﻣﻞ‬taḥāmul prejudice, bias, partiality; intolerance
‫ اﺣﺘﻤــﺎل‬iḥtimāl bearing, standing, suffering, sufferance, toleration;
probability, likelihood, potentiality |‫اﻻﺣﺘﻤــﺎل‬ ‫ﺻــﻌﺐ‬ (ṣa‘b) hard to bear,
oppressive
‫ ﺣﺎﻣـﻞ‬ḥāmil pl. ‫ ﲪﻠـﺔ‬ḥamala porter, carrier; bearer (of a note, of a check,
etc.; of an order or decoration); holder (of an identification paper, of a
diploma, of a certificate); holding device, holder, clamp, fastener, hold,
support (tech.); fighter (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against), (pl.‫ ﺣﻮاﻣـﻞ‬ḥawāmil2) pregnant | ‫ﺣﺎﻣـﻞ‬
Confidential
‫ اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬courier, ‫ ﲪﻠـﺔ اﻷﺳـﻬﻢ‬ḥ. al-ashum shareholders; ‫ ﲪﻠـﺔ اﻷﻗـﻼم‬the publicists,
the writers; ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ ﺣﺎﻣـﻞ ﻛـﻼم‬ḥ. kalām allāh one who knows the Koran by heart;
‫( ﺗﻴـﺎر ﺣﺎﻣـﻞ‬tayyār) carrier current (el.), ‫( ﻣﻮﺟـﺎت ﺣﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‬maujāt) carrier waves
(el.)
‫ ﺣﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‬ḥāmila pl. -āt device for carrying, carrier | ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻠـﺔ ﺧﺮﻳﻄـﺔ‬map case;
‫ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻃﺎﺋﺮات‬ḥ. ṭā’irāt aircraft carrier
‫ ﳏﻤـﻮل‬maḥmūl carried, borne, bearable, tolerable; load weight, service
weight, cargo; tonnage (of a vessel); predicate, attribute (logic), ‫ﳏﻤـﻮل ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
subject (logic) |‫ﳏﻤﻮﻟـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﺸـﺎة‬mušāh) motorized infantry (mil.); ‫ﺟﻨـﻮد ﳏﻤﻮﻟـﻮن‬
‫ ﺟﻮا‬airborne troops (mil.)
‫ ﳏﻤـﻞ‬muḥammal loaded, laden, heavily charged, burdened (‫ ب‬with),
encumbered (‫ ب‬by)
‫ ﳏﺘﻤﻞ‬muḥtamal bearable, tolerable; probable, likely
‫ ﲪﻠﻖ‬ḥamlaqa (‫ ﲪﻠﻘﺔ‬ḥamlaqa) to stare, gaze (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬at)
‫ ﲪﻼ‬ḥimalāyā Himalaya
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1‫ ﲪﻮ‬ḥamū (construct state of ‫ ﺣﻢ‬ḥam) and ‫ ﲪﺎة‬ḥamāh see 1 ‫ﺣﻢ‬
2‫ )ﲪـﻮ‬and ‫ ﲪـﻰ( ﲪـﻲ‬ḥamiya a to be or become hot; to glow (metal); to

flare up; to fly into a rage, become furious (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at) | ‫ﲪـﻰ اﻟـﻮﻃﻴﺲ‬fierce
fighting broke out II to make hot, heat (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), to heat to glowing (‫ ﻫـ‬metal);
to fire up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a stove); to kindle, inflame, stir up, excite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bathe (=
3 ‫ ﺣﻢ‬II) IV to make hot, heat (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﲪـﻮ‬ḥamw heat |‫ ﲪـﻮ اﻟﻨﻴـﻞ‬ḥ. an-nīl prickly heat, heat rash, lichen tropicus
(eg.)
‫ ﲪﻮ‬ḥumūw heat
‫ ﲪـﺔ‬ḥuma pl. -āt, ‫ ﲪـﻰ‬ḥuman sting, stinger (of insects); prick, spine (of
plants)
‫ ﲪﻲ‬ḥamīy hot, glowing; heated, exited
‫ ﲪﻰ‬ḥummā see 3 ‫ﺣﻢ‬
‫ ﲪﻴــﺔ‬ḥamīya zeal, ardor, fervor; enthusiasm, ardent zeal, fanaticism;
Confidential
violence, vehemence; passion, rage, fury; heat of excitement; temper,
temperament | ‫اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫(اﳊﻤﻴﺔ‬qaumīya) chauvinism
‫ ﲪﻴــﺎ‬ḥumayyā heat; excitement, agitation; enthusiasm; fire, passion,
impetuosity, vehemence; fury, rage; wine
‫ ﲪﺎوة‬ḥamāwa heat
‫ ﳏﻤﻰ‬maḥman fire chamber, furnace (of a stove, oven, etc.)
‫ ﺣـﺎم‬ḥāmin hot; heated, violent, fierce (e.g., a battle); glowing, passionate,
fiery; burning
1 ‫ ﲪـﻰ‬ḥamā i (ḥamy, ‫ ﲪﺎﻳـﺔ‬ḥimāya) to defend, guard (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
against), protect, shelter, shield (‫ه‬
,‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to deny (‫ اﳌـﺮﻳﺾ‬the
patient) harmful food (‫ = ;ﻫ ـ‬to put him on diet); to forbid (‫ ان ه‬s.o. to do
s.th.) III to defend (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. or s.th., also, of a lawyer in court); to shield,
protect, support (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o. or s.th.), take up the cause of (‫)ﻋﻦ‬, stand up for (‫)ﻋﻦ‬
VI to keep away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from), shun, avoid (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII to protect o.s. (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ه‬
from s.th., from s.o.), defend o.s., cover o.s. (‫ ب‬with s.th.), seek protection,
seek shelter or refuge (‫ ب‬with s.o., also ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ;‫ ﻋﻨﺪ‬from)
‫ ﲪﻰ‬ḥiman protection; defense; sanctuary
360
‫ ﲪﻴﺔ‬ḥimya that which is defended; diet

‫ ﲪﺎﻳــﺔ‬ḥimāya pl. -āt protection, patronage, sponsorship, auspices;
protectorate (pol.)
‫ ﳏﺎﻣـﺎة‬muḥāmāh defense (jur.); legal profession, practicing of law | ‫ﻫﻴـﺄة‬
‫ اﶈﺎﻣﺎة‬ḥai’at al-m. the bar
‫ اﺣﺘﻤﺎء‬iḥtimā’ seeking cover, seeking protection; cover, shelter, protection
‫ ﺣـﺎم‬ḥāmin pl. ‫ ﲪـﺎة‬ḥumāh protector, defender, guardian; patron | ‫اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬
‫( اﳊﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬daula) protecting power (of a protectorate)
‫ ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ḥāmiya pl. -āt patroness, protectress; garrison (mil.)
‫ ﳏﻤـﻲ‬maḥmīy protected (‫ ب‬by); being under a protectorate, having the
status of a protectorate |‫ﳏﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬minṭaqa) protectorate (country)
‫ ﳏﻤﻴﺔ‬maḥmīya pl. -āt protectorate (country; pol.)
‫ ﳏـﺎم‬muḥāmin pl. ‫ ﳏـﺎﻣﻴﻮن‬muḥāmūn defense counsel, counselor-at-law,
lawyer, barrister, attorney (at law), advocate
‫ ﳏﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬muḥāmiya woman lawyer
Confidential
‫ ﳏــﺘﻢ‬muḥtamin one who seeks protection; protégé; being under a
protectorate, having the status of a protectorate
2 ‫ﲪﺎﻩ‬ ,‫ ﲪﺎة‬ḥamāh Hama (city in W Syria)
‫ ﺣﻦ‬ḥanna i (‫ ﺣﻨـﲔ‬ḥanīn) to long, yearn, hanker (‫ اﱃ‬for), crave (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); --
(‫ ﺣﻨـﺔ‬ḥanna, ‫ﺣﻨـﺎن‬ ḥanān) to feel tenderness, affection, sympathy (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for
s.o.); to sympathize, commiserate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with), feel compassion (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); to
pity (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), have mercy (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) II to move, touch, fill with tenderness,
soften, fill with compassion (‫ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬qalbahū s.o.’s heart); to blossom, flower, be
in bloom (tree) V to feel sympathy, feel pity, feel compassion (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.),
commiserate (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with s.o.); to be tender, affectionate
‫ ﺣﻨـﺔ‬ḥanna sympathy; commiseration, compassion, pity; favorable aspect,
advantage
‫ ﺣﻨــﺎن‬ḥanān sympathy, love, affection, tenderness; commiseration,
compassion, pity; ‫ ﺣﻨﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬ḥanānaika have pity! have mercy!
‫ ﺣﻨﺎﻧﺔ‬ḥanāna compassion, pity, commiseration
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‫ ﺣﻨﲔ‬ḥanīn longing, yearning, hankering, nostalgia, craving, desire

‫ﺣﻨـ ــﻮن‬
ḥanūn affectionate, loving, soft-hearted, tenderhearted,
compassionate, merciful; tender, soft, gentle, kind, moving, touching (voice)
‫ ﺣﻨﺎن‬ḥannān affectionate, loving, tender; compassionate, sympathetic
‫ ﲢﻨﺎن‬tiḥnān attachment, devotion, loyalty
‫ ﲢﻨﻦ‬taḥannun tenderness, affection, sympathy
‫ ﺣﻨﺄ‬II to dye red (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., with henna)
‫ ﺣﻨـﺎء‬ḥinnā’ henna (a reddish-orange cosmetic gained from leaves and
stalks of the henna plant) |‫اﳊﻨﺎء‬ ‫ اﺑﻮ‬abū l-ḥ. robin (redbreast); ‫( ﲤﺮ اﳊﻨﺎء‬colloq.
tamr el-ḥinna) henna plant (Lawsonia inermis; bot.)
‫ ﺣﺎﻧﺒﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺣﻨﺒﻠـﻲ‬ḥanbalī Hanbalitic, of or pertaining to the madhab of Aḥmad ibn
ḥanbal; puritanical, strict in religious matters; (pl. ‫ ﺣﻨﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ḥanābila) Hanbalite
‫ ﺣﺎﻧﻮﰐ‬,‫ ﺣﺎﻧﻮت‬see ‫ﺣﻨﻮ‬
‫ ﺣﻨـﺚ‬ḥanita a (ḥint) with ‫ ﰲ ﳝﻴﻨـﻪ‬or ‫ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨـﻪ‬: to break one’s oath V to practice
Confidential
piety, perform works of devotion; to seek religious purification; to scorn sin,
not yield to sin
‫ ﺣﻨﺚ‬ḥint pl. ‫ اﺣﻨﺎث‬aḥnāt perjury; sin
‫ ﺣﻨﺠﺮة‬ḥanjara pl. ‫ ﺣﻨﺎﺟﺮ‬ḥanājir2 larynx, throat
‫ ﺣﻨﺠﻮر‬ḥunjūr pl. ‫ ﺣﻨﺎﺟﲑ‬ḥanājīr 2 larynx, throat
‫ ﺣﻨﺠـﻞ‬ḥanjala to prance (horse); to caper, gambol II taḥanjala to dance,
caper, gambol, frisk
‫ ﺣﻨﺪس‬ḥindis pl. ‫ ﺣﻨﺎدس‬ḥanādis2 dark night
‫ ﺣﻨﺪﻗﻮق‬ḥandaqūq (bot.) melilot, (yellow) sweet clover (Melilotus)
‫ ﺣﻨﺶ‬ḥanaš pl. ‫ اﺣﻨﺎش‬aḥnāš snake
‫ ﺣﻨﻂ‬II to embalm (‫ ه‬a corpse); to stuff (‫ ﻫـ‬a carcass)
‫ ﺣﻨﻄﺔ‬ḥinṭa wheat
‫ﺣﻨﺎﻃﺔ‬ḥināṭa embalming
‫ ﲢﻨﻂ‬taḥannuṭ mummification
‫ ﳏﻨﻂ‬muḥannaṭ mummified
‫ﻋﺮﺑـﺔ اﳊﻨﻄـﻮر‬ ‘arabat al-ḥanṭūr, victoria, light carriage. designed for two
passengers
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‫ ﺣﻨﻈﻞ‬ḥanẓal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬colocynth (Citrullue colocynthis; bot.)

‫ ﺣﻨﻒ‬ḥanafa i to turn or bend sideways
‫ ﺣﻨﻴـﻒ‬ḥanīf pl. ‫ ﺣﻨﻔـﺎء‬ḥunafā’2 true believer, orthodox; one who scorns the
false creeds surrounding him and professes the true religion; true (religion)
|‫اﳊﻨﻴــﻒ‬ ‫اﻟــﺪﻳﻦ‬ (din) the True (i.e., Islamic) Religion, also ‫اﳊﻨﻴﻔــﺔ اﻟﺴــﻤﺤﺎء‬
(samḥā’)
‫ ﺣﻨﻔﻲ‬ḥanafī pagan, heathen, idolater (Chr.); Hanafitic (see ‫( ;)ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬pl. -ūn)
Hanafi
‫ ﺣﻨﻔﻴــﺔ‬ḥanafīya paganism, heathendom (Chr.); Hanafitic madhab (an
orthodox school of theology founded by Abu Hanifah); -- (pl. -āt) faucet,
tap; hydrant
‫ اﳊﻨﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬al-ḥanīfīya the True (i.e., Islamic) Religion
‫ اﺣﻨﻒ‬aḥnaf2 afflicted with a distortion of the foot
‫ ﺣﻨــﻖ‬ḥaniqa a (ḥanaq) to be furious, mad, angry; to be annoyed,
exasperated, peeved, irritated (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬at, by), be resentful (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of)
IV to infuriate, enrage, embitter, exasperate, irritate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
Confidential
‫ ﺣﻨﻖ‬ḥanaq fury, rage, ire, wrath, anger, exasperation, resentment, rancor
‫ ﺣﻨـﻖ‬ḥaniq furious, mad, angry; resentful, bitter, embittered, annoyed,
exasperated, peeved
‫ ﺣـﺎﻧﻖ‬ḥāniq furious, mad, angry; resentful, bitter, embittered, annoyed,
exasperated, peeved |‫اﳊﻴــﺎة‬ ‫ﺣــﺎﻧﻖ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ (ḥayāh) weary of life, dispirited,
dejected; ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺎء‬ ‫( ﺣﺎﻧﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬nisā’) misogynist
‫ ﳏﻨﻖ‬muḥannaq infuriated, enraged; embittered, bitter, angry, exasperated,
resentful
‫ ﺣﻨـﻚ‬ḥanaka i u, II and IV to sophisticate, make experienced or worldly-
wise through severe trials (said of fate, time, age)
‫ ﺣﻨﻚ‬ḥanak pl. ‫ اﺣﻨﺎك‬aḥnāk palate
‫ ﺣﻨﻜﻲ‬ḥanakī palatal
‫ ﺣﻨـﻚ‬ḥunk, ḥink and ‫ ﺣﻨﻜـﺔ‬ḥunka worldly experience, worldly wisdom
gained through experience, sophistication
‫ ﳏﻨــﻚ‬muḥannak experienced, worldly wise, sophisticated |‫ﳏﻨــﻚ ﻣﺒﻨــﻚ‬
(mubannak) shrewd, smart, sharp
363
(‫ ﺣﻨـﻮ‬and ‫ ﺣـﲎ( ﺣﻨـﺎ‬ḥanā u and ‫ ﺣـﲎ‬ḥanā i to bend, curve, twist, turn; to

lean, incline (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬toward s.o.); to feel for s.o. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, sympathize (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
with s.o.), commiserate, pity (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), feel compassion, feel pity (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for
s.o.); to bend, bow, flex, curve, crook (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to bend, bow, tilt, incline
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; e.g.,
‫ رأﺳـﻪ‬ra’sahū one’s head); to sympathize (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.), feel
compassion, feel pity (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.), commiserate, pity (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) VII to bend,
curve, twist, turn; to be winding, be tortuous, wind, meander (e.g., a road);
to turn, deviate, digress (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); to bow (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to lean, incline (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or
‫ ;ﻓـﻮق‬over s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬toward s.o., toward s.th.); to devote o.s. eagerly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to
s.th.); to contain, harbor (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.) |‫( ان ﺿﻠﻮﻋﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺤﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿـﻐﻦ‬ḍulū‘ī, ḍign)
I harbor no grudge, I feel no resentment
‫ ﺣﻨــﻮ‬ḥanw bending, deflection, flexing, flexure, curving, curvature,
twisting, turning
‫ ﺣﻨـﻮ‬ḥinw pl. ‫ اﺣﻨــﺎء‬aḥnā’ bend, bow, turn, twist, curved line, curve,
contour; pl. ribs |‫اﺣﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑﲔ‬in her bosom
Confidential
‫ ﺣﻨﻮ‬ḥunuw sympathy, compassion, tenderness, affection
‫ ﺣــﲏ‬ḥanīy bending, deflection, flexing, flexure, curving, ourvature,
twisting, turning
‫ ﺣﻨﻴﺔ‬ḥanya bend, turn, curve
‫ ﺣﻨﻴـﺔ‬ḥanīya pl. ‫ ﺣﻨـﺎ‬ḥanāyā arc; camber, curvature |‫ ﰲ ﺣﻨـﺎ ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬in his
bosom; ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ ﰲ ﺣﻨﺎ‬in his heart, deep inside him
‫ ﺣﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬ḥināya curving, curvature, twisting, turning, bending
‫ ﺣﺎﻧﻮت‬see below
‫ ﳏﲎ‬maḥnan pl. ‫ ﳏﺎن‬maḥānin curvature, bend, flexure, bow, turn, curve
‫ اﳓﻨـﺎء‬inḥinā’ bend, deflection, curvature; curve; arc; inclination, tilt; how,
curtsy
‫ اﳓﻨﺎءة‬inḥinā’a (n. vic.) bow, curtsy
‫ اﳊـﻮاﱐ‬al-ḥawānī the longest ribs; (fig.) breast, bosom |‫ ﲟـﻞء ﺣـﻮاﻧﻴﻬﻢ‬bi-mil’i
ḥ. (they shouted) at the top of their lungs, with all their might
‫ ﳏﲎ‬maḥnīy bowed, inclined (head); bent, curved, crooked
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻦ‬munḥanin bent, curved, crooked, twisted; inclined, bowed
364
‫ ﻣﻨﺤــﲎ‬munḥanan pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴــﺎت‬munḥanayāt bend, flexure, deflection,

curvature; turn, twist, break, angle; curve (of a road, end math.); slope
‫ ﺣﺎﻧﻮت‬ḥānūt pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاﻧﻴﺖ‬ḥawānīt2 store, shop; wineshop, tavern
‫ ﺣــﺎﻧﻮﰐ‬ḥānūtī pl. -īya (eg.) corpse washer; undertaker, mortician,
gravedigger
‫ ﺣﻮاء‬ḥawwā’2 Eve
‫ ﺣـﻮب‬V to abstain from sin; to lead ‫ ش‬pious life; to refrain, abstain (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻮﺑﺔ‬ḥauba sin, offense, misdeed, outrage
‫ ﺣﻮ ء‬ḥaubā’2 soul
‫ ﺣـﻮت‬pl. ‫ ﺣﻴﺘـﺎن‬ḥītān, ‫ اﺣـﻮات‬aḥwāt fish; whale; Pisces, Fishes (astron.)
|‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ ‫ ﺣﻮت‬ḥ. sulaimān salmon
‫ ﺣـﻮج‬IV aḥwaja to have need, stand in need, be in went (‫ اﱃ‬of s.th.), need,
require, went (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in need of (‫)اﱃ‬, make necessary (‫ه‬ ‫اﱃ‬
for s.o. s.th.), require (‫ه‬
‫ اﱃ‬of s.o. s.th.), compel, oblige (‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. to); to
Confidential
impoverish, reduce to poverty (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫( ﻣﺎ اﺣﻮﺟﻪ اﱃ‬aḥwajahū) how much he
.tends in need of ...! how urgently he needs ...! VIII to have need, stand in
need, be in went (‫ اﱃ‬of; also ‫)ل‬, need, want, require (‫ اﱃ‬s.th. s.o.)
‫ ﺣﻮج‬ḥauj need, want, lack, deficiency, destitution
‫ ﺣﺎﺟـﺔ‬ḥāja pl. -āt need (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ب‬of); necessity, requirement, prerequisite;
natural, bodily need; pressing need, neediness, poverty, indigence,
destitution; object of need or desire; desire, wish, request; necessary article,
requisite; matter, concern, business, job, work; thing, object; -- pl. ‫ﺣـﻮاﺋﺞ‬
ḥawā’ij2 needs necessities, necessaries; everyday objects, effects,
belongings, possessions, stuff; clothes, clothing |‫)ل‬ ‫ )ﻛﺎن ﰲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﱃ‬to stand
in need, be in want of (s.th.), need, require (s.th.); ‫( )ﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ اﱃ )ل‬ḥājata) …
is not necessary, not required, there is no need of ...; ‫ ﻻ ﺣﺎﺟـﺔ ﱄ ﺑـﻪ‬I don’t
need it; ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﳊﺎﺟـﺔ‬if (or when) necessary, if need be, in case of need; ‫ﰲ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫( ﺣﺎﺟــﺔ‬gairi ḥājatin) unnecessarily; ‫ ﻣــﺎ ﺑــﻪ اﳊﺎﺟــﺔ‬the essentials; ‫ﳏــﻞ اﳊﺎﺟــﺔ‬
maḥall al-ḥ. the essential passage, the gist, the substance, the crux, the
interesting part (of an exposition); ‫ ﺳـﺪ ﺣﺎﺟﺘـﻪ‬sadda ḥājatahū to meet s.o.’s
365
needs, provide for s.o.’s needs; ‫ﻗﻀـﻰ ﺣﺎﺟﺘـﻪ‬ qaḍā ḥājatahū to fulfill s.o.’s
wish; ‫اﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ ﻗﻀﻰ‬to relieve nature
‫ ﺣﺎﺟﻴـﺎت‬ḥājīyyāt everyday commodities, utensils, utilities, necessaries,
necessities
‫ اﺣﻮج‬in greater need (‫ اﱃ‬of s.th.); more necessary
‫ اﺣﺘﻴـﺎج‬iḥtiyāj want, need, requirement, (pre)requisite, necessity; pl. -āt
needs, necessities, necessaries
‫ ﳏﺎوﻳﺞ‬maḥāwīj2 (pl. of ‫ ﳏﻮج‬muḥwij) needy, poor, destitute people
‫ ﳏﺘـﺎج‬muḥtāj in need, in want (‫ اﱃ‬of s.th.), requiring (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); poor,
destitute, indigent
‫ ﺣﻮﺟﻠﺔ‬ḥaujala pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاﺟﻞ‬ḥawājil2 phial (chem.)
‫ )ﺣـﺎد )ﺣـﻮد‬ḥāda u (ḥaud) to turn aside, turn away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), turn (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬off)
II to turn off, take a turning
‫( ﺣﻮدة‬ḥauda) turn, turning
‫ )ﺣـﺎذ )ﺣـﻮذ‬ḥāda u (ḥaud) to urge on, spur on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬animals) IV do. X ‫اﺳـﺘﺤﻮذ‬
Confidential
istaḥwada to overwhelm, overcome, overpower (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.; esp. emotions), get
the better of (‫)ﻋﻠــﻰ‬, gain mastery (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬over); to seize (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬on), take

possession (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of), usurp (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻮذي‬ḥūdī coachman, cabman, driver
‫ ﺣﻮذﻳﺔ‬ḥūdīya coachman’s work or trade
‫ )ﺣـﺎر )ﺣـﻮر‬ḥāra u to return (‫ اﱃ‬to); to recede, decrease, diminish, be
reduced (‫ اﱃ‬to) II to change, alter, amend, transform, reorganize, remodel,
modify (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.); to roll out (‫ ﻫـ‬dough); to make white, whiten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to bleach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a fabric) III to talk, convene, have a conversation (‫ ه‬with s.o.);
to discuss, debate, argue IV (with ‫ﺟـﻮا‬ jawāban) to answer, reply (with
negations only) V to be altered, changed, amended, transformed,
reorganized, remodeled, modified VI to carry on & discussion
‫ ﺣـﻮر‬ḥawar white poplar (also pronounced ḥaur); bark-tanned sheepskin,
basil; marked contrast between the white of the cornea and the black of the
iris
366
‫ ﺣـﺎرة‬hāra pl. -āt quarter, part, section (of & city); (Tun.) ghetto; lane,
alley, side street (with occasional pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاري‬ḥawārī |‫اﻟﺴﺪ‬ ‫ ﺣﺎرة‬ḥ. as-sadd blind
alley, dead-end street
‫ اﺣـﻮار‬aḥwār2, f. ‫ ﺣـﻮراء‬ḥaurā’2, pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮر‬ḥūr having eyes with a marked
contrast of white and black, (also, said of the eye:) intensely white and deep-
black
‫ ﺣﻮارة‬ḥawāra (ḥawarāt) cretaceous rook; chalk
‫ ﺣﻮاري‬ḥawārī pl. -ūn disciple, apostle (of Jesus Christ); disciple, follower
‫ ﺣﻮارى‬ḥawārā cretaceous rock; chalk
‫ ﺣﻮرﻳـﺔ‬ḥūrīya pl. -āt, ‫ ﺣـﻮر‬ḥūr houri, virgin of paradise; nymph; (pl. -āt)
young locust |‫اﳌﺎء‬ ‫ ﺣﻮرﻳﺔ‬water nymph, nixie
‫ ﺣـﻮران‬ḥaurān2 the Hauran, a mountainous plateau in SW Syria and N
Jordan
‫ ﳏﻮر‬miḥwar pl. ‫ ﳏـﺎور‬maḥāwir2 rolling pin; pivot, core, heart, center; axis;
axle, axletree
‫ ﳏـﺎر‬maḥār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬oysters; shellfish, mussels; mother-of-pearl,
Confidential
nacre
‫ ﳏﺎرة‬maḥāra (n. un.) oyster; oyster shell, mussel; trowel
‫ ﲢـﻮﻳﺮ‬taḥwīr alteration, change, transformation, reorganization, reshuffle,
remodeling, modification
‫ ﺣـﻮار‬ḥiwār talk, conversation, dialogue; argument, dispute; text (of a
play); script, scenario (of a motion picture)
‫ ﳏﺎورة‬muḥāwara talk, conversation, dialogue; argument, dispute
‫ ﲢﺎور‬taḥāwur discussion
(‫ ﺣـﻮز‬and ‫ ﺣﻴـﺰ( ﺣـﺎز‬ḥāza u (ḥauz, ‫ ﺣﻴـﺎزة‬ḥiyāza) to possess, own, have (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to gain, win, get, receive, obtain, achieve, attain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., success,
victory, etc.); to gain pos....ion. gain control (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), seize, monopolize
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- ḥāza i (‫ ﺣﻴـﺰ‬ḥaiz) to drive on, urge on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬camels) V taḥawwaza

and taḥayyaza to writhe, twist, coil; -- taḥayyaza to stay away, keep away,
seclude o.s., isolate o.s. (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to be disposed, incline, tend, lean (‫اﱃ‬
toward); to join (‫ اﱃ‬s.o. or s.th.); to side (‫اﱃ‬ ,‫ ل‬with), take sides (‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ل‬in
favor of) VII to isolate o.s., seclude o.s. separate, segregate,· disengage o.s.,
dissociate o.s., stay away, keep away, retire, withdraw (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to
367
join (‫ اﱃ‬S.o. or s.th.); to unite (‫ اﱃ‬with); to side (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬with), take sides (‫اﱃ‬
or J in favor of) VIII to possess, own, have (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to take possession (‫ ﻫـ‬of
s.th.); to keep, prevent, hinder (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o. from)
‫ ﺣﻮز‬ḥauz possession, holding, tenure; obtainment, attainment, acquisition;
taking possession, occupation, occupancy; (jur.) tenancy; -- (pl. ‫ اﺣﻮاز‬aḥwāz)
enclosed area, enclosure; precinct(s), boundary, city limits
‫ ﺣﻮزي‬ḥauzī possessor, tenurial
‫ ﺣﻮزة‬ḥauza possession, holding, tenure; property; area, territory |‫ ﰲ ﺣـﻮزﻩ‬or
‫ﰲ ﺣـﻮزة ﻳـﺪﻩ‬ fī ḥ. yadihī in his possession; ‫ اﻟـﺪﻓﺎع ﻋـﻦ ﺣـﻮزة ﻣﺼـﺮ‬the defense of
Egyptian territory
‫ ﺣﻴـﺰ‬ḥayyiz, ḥaiz pl. ‫ اﺣﻴـﺎز‬aḥyāz scope, range, reach, extent, compass,
confines, field, domain, realm; sphere |‫اﳌﻌﻘـﻮل‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳـﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺣﻴـﺰ‬ (yadkul) it is
not within the bounds of reason; ‫اﳌﻌﻘﻮل‬ ‫( ﺑﺮز اﱃ ﺣﻴﺰ‬to advance to the realm of
fact, i.e.) to become a reality; ‫ ﰲ ﺣﻴـﺰ اﻻﻣﻜـﺎن‬fī ḥ. il-imkān within the realm
Confidential
of possibility, quite possible
‫ ﺣﻴـﺎزة‬ḥiyāza possession, holding, tenure; taking possession, occupation,
occupancy; acquisition of title, acquisition of the right of possession;
obtainment, attainment, acquisition
‫ ﲢﻴﺰ‬taḥayyuz partiality; prejudice, bias
‫ اﳓﻴﺎز‬inḥiyāz isolation, seclusion, retirement; partiality; prejudice, bias
‫ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ‬ḥā’iz possessor, holder, tenant
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﻴﺰ‬mutaḥayyiz partial, prejudiced, biased
‫ ﻣﻨﺤــﺎز‬munḥāz secluded, retired, withdrawn, removed (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬from); an
outsider, a stranger (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to)
‫ ﺣﻮس‬VIII (eg.) to be in a quandary, waver, hesitate
1‫)ﺣـﻮش‬ ‫ )ﺣـﺎش‬ḥāša u (ḥauš) to round up, drive into a trap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬game); to
stop, check, prevent, hinder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), stand in the way (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to hold back,
stem, stave off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to gather, collect, amass, accumulate, pile up,
hoard (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to save, put by (‫ ﻫـ‬money); to find (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺣــﻮش‬ḥauš p1. ‫ اﺣـﻮاش‬aḥwāš, ‫ ﺣﻴﺸــﺎن‬ḥīšān enclosure, enclosed area;
courtyard
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‫ ﺣﻮش‬ḥawaš mob, rabble, riffraff

‫ ﺣﻮﺷﻲ‬ḥūšī wild; unusual, odd, queer, strange
‫ اﺳﺒﻮع اﳊﺎش‬usbū‘ al-ḥāš Passion Week (Chr.)
2‫ﺣﺎﺷﻰ‬ ,‫ ﺣﺎﺷﺎ‬see ‫ ﺣﺎش‬,‫ ﺣﺸﻮ‬ḥāša lillāh = ‫ﺣﺎﺷﻰ‬
‫ ﺣـﻮص‬ḥawaṣ squinting of the eye (caused by constant exposure to glaring
light)
‫ اﺣـﻮص‬aḥwaṣ2 f. ‫ ﺣﻮﺻـﺎء‬ḥauṣā’2, pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮص‬ḥūṣ having narrow, squinting
eyes
‫ ﺣﻴﺎﺻﺔ‬ḥiyāṣa girth
‫ ﺣﻮﺻـﻞ‬ḥauṣa, ‫ ﺣﻮﺻـﻠﺔ‬ḥauṣala craw (of a bird); bladder; pelican | ‫اﳊﻮﺻـﻠﺔ‬
‫( اﳌﺮارﻳﺔ‬marārīya) gall bladder, bile (anat.)
‫ ﺣﻮﻳﺼﻞ‬ḥuwaisil blister, bleb, vesicle; water blister
‫ ﺣﻮﻳﺼﻠﺔ‬ḥuwaisila pl. -āt blister, bleb, vesicle
‫ ﺣـﻮض‬ḥauḍ pl. ‫ اﺣـﻮاض‬aḥwāḍ, ‫ ﺣﻴـﺎض‬ḥiyāḍ basin; water basin; trough,
tank, cistern, reservoir, container; basin of a river or sea; pool; (in the
Confidential
Egyptian irrigation system) a patch of land surrounded by dikes, flooded by
high water of the Nile; pond; pelvis (anat.); (garden) bed; dock; pl.
(ḥiyāḍ) ground, area, domain (to be protected), sanctum |

dry dock;
‫ﺣﻴـﺎض‬
‫( ﺣـﻮض ﺟـﺎف‬jāff)
‫ ﺣـﻮض ﲪـﺎم‬ḥammām bathtub; ‫‘( ﺣـﻮض ﻋـﻮام‬awwām) floating dock;
‫ ذاد ﻋـﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺿـﻪ‬to assume the defense of s.o., make o.s. the champion of s.o.;
to defend o.s.; ‫( ذب ﺣـﻦ ﺣﻴـﺎض اﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬dabba) to defend the faith; ‫اﺣـﻮاض اﻟﻔـﻢ‬
‫ واﳊﺪﻳﺪ‬coal and iron deposits
O ‫ ﺣﻮﻳﻀﺔ‬ḥuwaiḍa renal pelvis (anat.)
‫ )ﺣـﺎط )ﺣـﻮط‬ḥāṭa u (ḥauṭ, ‫ ﺣﻴﻄـﺔ‬ḥaiṭa, ‫ ﺣﻴﺎﻃـﺔ‬ḥiyāṭa) to guard, protect (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.), watch (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.o., over s.th.), have the custody (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to
attend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), take care (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), look after s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to surround, encircle,
enclose, encompass (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) II to build a wall (‫ ﻫ ـ‬around s.th.), wall in
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to encircle, surround (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), close in from all sides (‫ ﻫـ‬on s.th.) III
to try to outwit, dupe, or outsmart (‫ ه‬s.o.); to mislead, lead astray, seduce (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to surround (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th., also ‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th., y with); to
369
encompass, enclose, embrace, comprise, contain (‫ ب‬s.th., also ‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to ring,
encircle (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th., also ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬with s.th.), close in from all
sides (‫ ب‬on); to know thoroughly, comprehend, grasp completely,
understand fully (‫ ب‬s.th.), be familiar, be thoroughly acquainted (‫ ب‬with)
|‫ﻋﻠﻤــﺎ‬ ‫اﺣــﺎط ﺑــﻪ‬ (’ilman) to know s.th. thoroughly, have comprehensive
knowledge of s.th.; to take cognizance, take note of s.th.; ‫ اﺟﺎﻃـﻪ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎ ب‬he
informed him of ..., he let him know about ... ; he brought ... to his notice V
to guard, protect (.., 6 s.o., s.th.); to take precautions (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with regard to),
attend (‫ ﻫـ‬to); to be careful, be cautious, be on one’s guard VIII to be careful,
be cautious, watch out, be on one’s guard; to take precautions, make
provision (‫ ل‬for, so as to ensure ... ); to surround (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to guard,
protect, preserve (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. from), take care (‫ ب‬of), attend (‫ ب‬to), look
after (‫)ب‬, see to it (‫ ن‬that)
‫ ﺣﻴﻄــﺔ‬ḥīṯa, ḥaṭa, ‫ ﺣﻮﻃــﺔ‬ḥauṭa cautiousness, caution, provident care,
Confidential
prudence, circumspection |
precautions; ‫ﺣﻴﻄﺔ‬
‫(أﺧـﺬ ﺣﻴﻄﺘـﻪ‬ḥīṭatahu) to be on one’s guard,
‫ ﺑﻼ‬thoughtlessly, unthinkingly, inadvertently
‫ ﺣﻴﺎﻃﺔ‬ḥiyāṭa guarding, custody, protection, care
‫ ﲢﻮﻳﻂ‬taḥwīṭ encirclement
take
‫ اﺣﺎﻃ ــﺔ‬iḥāṭa encirclement, encompassment; comprehension, grasp,

understanding, knowledge, cognizance (‫ ب‬of s.th.), acquaintance,
familiarity (‫ ب‬with); information, communication
‫ ﲢـﻮط‬taḥawwuṭ provision, care, attention, precaution, prudence; pl. -āt
precautionary measures, precautions
‫ اﺣﺘﻴـــﺎط‬iḥtiyāṭ caution, cautiousness, prudence, circumspection,
carefulness; provision, care, attention, precaution, prevention; pl. -āt
precautionary measures, precautions |‫اﳌﺜـﺎل‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ‬as a precaution, out of
precaution, to be on the safe side
‫ اﺣﺘﻴــﺎﻃﻲ‬ihṭiyāṭī precautionary; prophylactic; preventive; replacement;
spare- (in compounds); reserve- (in compounds); stand-by; reserve funds,
capital reserves (fin.); reserve (mil.) |‫اﺣﺘﻴـﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫( ﺣـﺒﺲ‬ḥabs) detention pending
investigation; ‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﺪاﺑﲑ‬precautionary measures, precautions ‫ﻗﻮات اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ‬
370
(quwāt) reserves (mil.); ‫ ﻣـﺎل اﺣﺘﻴـﺎﻃﻲ‬capital reserve, reserve fund; ‫اﺣﺘﻴـﺎﻃﻰ‬

‫( اﻟﺰﻳﺖ اﳋﺎم‬crude-)oil reserves
‫ ﺣـﺎﺋﻂ‬pl. ‫ ﺣﻴﻄـﺎن‬ḥīṭān, ‫ ﺣﻴـﺎط‬ḥiyāṭ, ‫ ﺣـﻮاﺋﻂ‬ḥawā’iṭ2 wall |‫ ﺣـﺎﺋﻂ اﳌﺒﻜـﻰ‬ḥ. al-
mabkā Wailing Wall (in Jerusalem); ‫ﺿــﺮب( ﺑــﻪ ﻋــﺮض اﳊــﺎﺋﻂ‬ or) ‫اﻟﻘــﻰ‬ alqā
(ḍaraba) bihī ‘urḍa l-ḥā’iṭ to make little of s.th., scorn, disdain, despise s.th.;
to reject s.th., discard s.th., throw s.th. overboard; to ruin, thwart, foil s.th.
‫ ﺣﻮﻳﻂ‬ḥāwiṭ (eg.) clever, smart, shrewd
‫ ﳏﻴﻂ‬muḥīṭ surrounding (‫ ب‬s.th.); comprehensive; familiar, acquainted (‫ب‬
with); -- (pl. -āt) circumference, periphery; extent, range, scope, compass,
reach, domain, area; milieu, environment, surroundings; ocean; pl. ‫ﳏﻴﻄـﺎت‬
surroundings, environment | ‫(اﶈـﻴﻂ اﻻﻃﻠﻨﻄـﻲ‬aṭlanṭī) the Atlantic Ocean; ‫اﶈـﻴﻂ‬
‫( اﳍﺎدئ‬ḥādi’) the Pacific Ocean

‫ ﳏﺎط‬muluiJ surrounded (‫ ب‬by)
‫ ﻣﺘﺤـﻮط‬mutaḥawwiṭ cautious, prudent, provident, circumspect, careful,
watchful
Confidential
‫ ﺣﻮف‬ḥauf edge, rim, brim, brink; border, hem, fringe
‫ ﺣﺎﻓـﺔ‬ḥāfa pl. -āt, ‫ ﺣـﻮاف‬ḥawāfin border, rim, brim, brink, verge; edge;
fringe, hem |‫ﺣﻮاﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ ﺑﲔ‬within it, in it, therein
‫ )ﺣـﺎق )ﺣـﻮق‬ḥāqa u (ḥauq) to surround, enclose, infold, embrace (‫ ب‬s.o..
s.th.) II = I (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., s.th.)
1 ‫ ﺣﻮﻗﻞ‬ḥauqala (‫ ﺣﻮﻗﻠﺔ‬ḥauqala) to pronounce the formula: ‫ﻻ ﺣﻮل وﻻ ﻗﻮة اﻻ‬
(see ‫ ﺣﻮل‬ḥaul)
2 ‫ﺣﻮﻗﻠﺔ‬ḥauqala pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاﻗﻞ‬ḥawāqil2 phial (chem.), Florence flask
‫ )ﺣـﺎك )ﺣـﻮك‬ḥāka u (ḥauk, ‫ ﺣﻴـﺎك‬ḥiyāk, ‫ ﺣﻴﺎﻛـﺔ‬ḥiyāka) to weave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
interweave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to knit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to braid, plait (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to contrive,
devise, hatch, concoct (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; e.g., ruses, intrigues, pretexts), think up,
fabricate, create (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. in one’s imagination)

‫ ﺣﻴﺎﻛﺔ‬ḥiyāka weaving; knitting; braiding, plaiting
‫ ﺣﺎﺋـﻚ‬ḥā’ik pl. ‫ ﺣﺎﻛـﺔ‬ḥāka weaver; -- (mor.) an outer garment made of a
long piece of white woolen material, covering body and head
371
(‫ ﺣـﻮل‬and ‫ﺣـﺎل‬ (‫ ﺣﻴـﻞ‬ḥāla u to change, undergo a change, be transformed;

to shift, turn, pass, grow (‫ اﱃ‬into s.th., also ‫)ﻫ ـ‬, become (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to deviate,
depart (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from, e.g., a commitment), dodge, evade, fail to meet (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.);
to elapse, pass go by (time); -- (‫ ﺣﻴﻠﻮﻟـﺔ‬ḥailūla) to prevent (‫ دون‬s.th.); to
intervene, interfere, interpose, come (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between) |‫ﻋﻬـﺪ‬ ‫ﺣـﺎل ﻋـﻦ‬ (‘ahd) to
withdraw from a contract; ‫اﻷﻣـﺮ‬ ‫ﺣـﺎل ﺑـﲔ ﻓـﻼن وﺑـﲔ‬ to make s.th. inaccessible
to s.o., impossible for s.o.; to bar or obstruct s.o.’s way to s.th.; to prevent
s.o. from s.th., deny s.o. s.th.; ‫ﺣـﺎل ﺑـﲔ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ وﺑـﲔ اﻹﺷـﻔﺎق‬ (išfāq) to resist
compassion, deny o.s. any sympathy II ḥawwala to change (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫـ ﻫـ‬s.th.
to s.th. else), transform, transmute, convert, turn, make (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
into s.th. else); to transplant (s.th.); to transfer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to convert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
mathematically); to switch commutate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬current; el.); to convert, transform

(‫ ﻫ ـ‬current; el.); to shunt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a railroad car); to switch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a railroad track); to
remit, send, transmit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., money by mail, ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to pass on,
Confidential
hand on (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to s.o.); to forward (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o. or to an address); to
endorse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a bill of exchange, a promissory note); to direct, turn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
also‫ ﻧﻈـﺮة‬naẓratan a glance, ‫ اﱃ‬to or toward); to divert, distract, keep (‫ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬
or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. from); to turn away, avert (‫ ﺑﺼـﺮﻩ ﻋـﻦ‬baṣarahū one's eyes
from); to turn off, switch off, disconnect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬current; el.) |‫اﻟﺪﻓـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺣـﻮل‬daffa) to
turn the helm, change the course III (ḥāwala to try, attempt, endeavor (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.), make an attempt, make an effort (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to seek
to gain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) by artful means; to deceive by pretenses, make excuses,
hedge, dodge IV to change ‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to), transform, transmute, turn,

make (‫ ﻫـ ﻫـ‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.th. into); to convert, translate (‫ ﻫـ ﻫـ‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into); to
transfer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to remit, send (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); to assign (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.); to turn over, hand over, pass on (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.
or s.th. to); to forward (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th. to); to refer (‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to); to cede,
transfer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a debt, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.; jur.) |‫( اﺣﻴـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ )اﱃ( اﳌﻌـﺎش‬uḥīla, ma‘āš) and
372
‫( اﺣﻴﻞ اﱃ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻋـﺪ‬taqā‘ud) he was pensioned off; ‫ اﺣﻴﻠـﺖ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﺎﻟـﺔ اﱃ اﻟﱪوﺗﺴـﺘﻮ‬the

bill was protested (fin.) V taḥawwala to change, undergo a change; to be
changed (‫ اﱃ‬to), be transformed, be transmuted, be converted (‫ اﱃ‬into),
become (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), turn, grow (‫ اﱃ‬into), transform (‫اﱃ‬ --‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from --
into), change, develop, evolve (‫اﱃ‬ -- ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from to); to withdraw, go away,
leave; to move (‫ اﱃ‬to a residence); to turn away (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), turn one’s back
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬on); to deviate (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to depart, digress, stray (‫ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬from the
way); to renounce, forgo, relinquish, disclaim (s.th.); to proceed slyly or
cunningly |‫ﺣﻴﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ ﲢـﻮل ﻛـﻞ‬to employ every conceivable trick; -- taḥayyala to
employ artful means; to ponder ways and means (‫ ل‬to an end, in order to
attain s.th.) VI taḥāwala to try, endeavor, take pains (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.), strive
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); -- taḥāyala and VIII to employ artful means, resort to tricks, use
stratagems (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬against s.o.); to deceive, beguile, dupe, cheat, outwit,

outsmart (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to be out (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.th.) or achieve (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) by artful
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means, by tricks VIII to work or strive (on one’s own resources), make
efforts (on one’s own) IX ‫اﺣـﻮل‬
transubstantiated (bread and wine,

aḥwala to be cross-eyed, to squint X to
change (‫ اﱃ‬to, into), turn, be transformed, be converted (‫ اﱃ‬into); to be
‫اﱃ‬ into the body and blood of Christ;
Chr.); to proceed, pass on, shift, switch (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th. new or s.th. different); to
be impossible (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.); to be inconceivable, absurd, preposterous
‫ ﺣـﺎل‬ḥāl m. and f., pl. ‫ اﺣـﻮال‬aḥwāl condition, state; situation; position,

status; circumstance; case; present, actuality (as opposed to future);
circumstantial expression or phrase (gram.); pl.: conditions, circumstances;
matters, affairs, concerns; cases; ḥāla (prep.) during; immediately upon,
right after; just at; in case of …, in the event of …; ‫ﺣـﺎﻻ‬ ḥālan presently,
immediately, at once, right away, without delay; now, actually, at present | ‫ﰲ‬
‫ اﳊـﺎل‬and ‫ ﻟﻠﺤـﺎل‬on the spot, at once, immediately; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛـﻞ ﺣـﺎل‬kulli ḥālin)
and ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ أي ﺣـﺎل‬ (ayyi ḥ.) in any case, at any rate, anyhow; ‫ﻳﺒﻘـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣﺎﻟـﻪ‬
(yabqā) it remains unchanged, just as it is; ‫اﻷﺣـﻮال‬ ‫ ﰲ ﺣﺎل ﻣﻦ‬in some case or
other, anyway, if occasion should arise, possibly; (with neg.) by no means,
under no circumstances, not at all, in no way; ‫ ي ﺣـﺎل‬,‫ ﲝـﺎل‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﺎل‬bi-
373
ayyi ḥ. with neg.: by no means, not at all, in no way; ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﳊـﺎل‬the same
goes for ..., it is the same with …; it is also the case with ...; ‫ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻮ اﳊـﺎل ﰲ‬
as is the case with; ‫ ﻛﻴـﻒ ﺣﺎﻟـﻚ‬how are you? ‫ ﺷـﻲء ﲝﺎﻟـﻪ‬a thing in itself, a
separate, independent thing; ‫اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫( اﻷﺣـﻮال‬jawwīya) atmospheric conditions;
‫( ﳏـﺎﻛﻢ اﻷﺣـﻮال اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬šakṣīya) courts dealing with vital statistics; ‫اﻷﺣـﻮال‬
‫ اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ )ﻧﻈـﺎم‬or) ‫ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن‬personal statute; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﳊـﺎل‬noun referent of a
circumstantial phrase (gram.); ‫‘ ﻋــﺮض ﺣــﺎل‬arḍ ḥ. application, memorial,
petition; ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ ﻟﺴﺎن‬,‫ ﻟﺴﺎن اﳊﺎل‬see ‫ﻟﺴﺎن‬
‫ ﺣﺎﳌﺎ‬ḥālama (conj.) as soon as
‫ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬ḥala pl. -āt condition, state; situation; (possible, actual) case; ḥālata
(prep.) during |‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ḥālata an (conj.) whereas; ‫واﳊﺎﻟـﺔ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ under these
circumstances, such being the case, things being as they are; ‫ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫( ﰲ‬ḥālati)
in (the) case of ..., in the event of …, e.g., ‫ﻏﻴﺎﺑـﻪ‬ ‫( ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬giyābihī) in case of
‫( ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﻮﻓـﺎة‬wafāh) in case of death; ‫ ﰲ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﳊﺎﻟـﺔ‬in this (that)
Confidential
his absence,
case; ‫ ﳊﺎﻟـﺔ ان‬li-ḥālati an in case that …, in the event that …; ‫ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﻣـﺎ اذا‬if;
‫ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻲ اﳊﺎﻟـﺔ ﰲ‬if as is the case with …; ‫( ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬ijtimā‘īya) marital
status; ‫( اﳊﺎﻟـﺔ اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬jawwīya) atmospheric conditions; ‫ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ اﳋﻄـﺮ‬ḥ. al-kaṭar
stand-by, alert, state of alarm; ‫ اﳊﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﺮاﻫﻨـﺔ‬the status quo; ‫ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﻄـﻮارئ‬ḥ. aṭ-
ṭawāri’ state of emergency; ‫( ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ اﻟﺘﻠـﺒﺲ‬talabbus) flagrante delicto (jur.);
‫( اﳊﺎﻟــﺔ اﳌﺪﻧﻴــﺔ‬madanīya) civil status, legal status; ‫ ﺳــﻮء اﳊﺎﻟــﺔ‬sū’ al-ḥ.
predicament, plight
‫ ﺣﺎﱄ‬ḥālī present, current, actual, existing; momentary, instantaneous; ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬
ḥālīyan at present, actually |‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﺻﻮرة‬ṣūra) snapshot (phot.)
‫ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ḥālīya actuality, topicality, timeliness
‫ ﺣﻮل‬ḥaul pl. ‫ اﺣـﻮال‬aḥwāl year; might, power | ‫ ﻻ ﺣـﻮل وﻻ ﻗـﻮة اﻻ‬lā ḥaula
wa-lā quwata illā bi-llāh there is no power and no strength save in God; ‫ﻻ‬
‫( ﺣـﻮل ﻟـﻪ وﻻ ﺣﻴﻠـﺔ‬wa-lā ḥīlata) he is completely powerless, he can do nothing,
he is at the end of his resources
374
‫ ﺣـﻮل‬ḥiwal change of place, change |‫( ﻻ ﻳﺒﺘﻐـﻮن ﻋﻨـﻪ ﺣـﻮﻻ‬yabtagūna) they

don’t want it otherwise, they ask for it
‫ ﺣـﻮل‬ḥaula (prep.) around, about; circa, about, some, approximately,
roughly (with following number); about (esp. in news headings, approx. =
re, concerning) | ‫ﺣﻮﻟـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻣـﻦ‬ḥaulihī) (= ‫ )ﺣﻮﻟـﻪ‬around him (or it), about him (or
it); ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴﻬﻤـﺎ‬ ‫( ﻣـﻦ‬ḥaulaihimā) around the two of them, about them; from their
vicinity, from their surroundings (dual)
‫ ﺣـﻮﱄ‬ḥaulī periodic, temporary, interim; one year old (animal), yearling;
young animal; lamb, wether
O ‫ﺣﻮﻟﻴــﺎت‬ ḥaulīyāt yearbook, annals (= Fr. annales, as a scientific
publication)
‫ ﺣﻴﻞ‬ḥail strength, force, power, vigor | ‫(ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻴﻠﻪ‬standing) upright, erect; ‫ﻻ‬
‫( ﻗﻮة ﻟﻪ وﻻ ﺣﻴﻞ‬qūwata) completely helpless and paralyzed
‫ ﺣﻴﻠـﺔ‬ḥīla pl. ‫ ﺣﻴـﻞ‬ḥiyal, ‫ اﺣﺎﻳﻴـﻞ‬aḥāyīl2 artifice, ruse, stratagem, maneuver,
subterfuge, wile, trick; device, shift; a means to accomplish an end;
expedient, makeshift, dodge, way-out; legal stratagem (for the purpose of in
Confidential
fraudem legis agere) |‫اﳊﻴﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣـﺎ‬what’s to be done! ‫( ﻻ ﺣﻴﻠـﺔ ﻟـﻪ ﰲ‬ḥīlata) I have
no possibility to …, I am in no position to …; ‫ﺣﻴﻠـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﺪي‬bi-yadī) I can do
nothing, I can get nowhere; ‫اﻻ‬
‫ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ‬lam yajid ḥīlatan illā he couldn’t do
anything except …, he had no other choice than …; ‫( اﻋﻴﺘـﻪ اﳊﻴﻠـﺔ‬a‘yathu) he
was at a loss, he was at the end of his wits
‫ ﺣﻴﻠﻲ‬ḥiyalī cunning, crafty, wily, sly, tricky, foxy
‫ اﺣﻴﻞ‬aḥyal2 craftier, wilier
‫ ﺣﻮل‬ḥawal squinting, strabismus
‫ اﺣـﻮل‬aḥwal2, f. ḥaula’2 ḥaulā2, pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮل‬ḥūl squinting, squint-eyed, wall-
eyed, walleyed
‫ ﺣـﺆول‬ḥu’ūl change, transformation, transmutation; prevention (‫ دون‬of
s.th.)
‫ ﺣﻮال‬ḥiwāl obstacle; partition, screen
‫ ﺣﻴـﺎل‬ḥiyāla (prep.) in view of ..., with regard to …, in the lace of,
opposite, in front of, before
375
‫ ﺣﻮاﻟــﺔ‬ḥawāla pl. -āt assignment, cession (jur.); bill of exchange,

(promissory) note, check, draft |‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺣﻮاﻟـﺔ‬,‫ﺣﻮاﻟـﺔ اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬ money order; ‫ﺣﻮاﻟـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬ḥ. safar traveler’s check
‫ ﺣـﻮاﱃ‬ḥawālā (prep.) around, about; circa, approximately, roughly, about,
some (with following number)
‫ ﺣﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬ḥailūla separation, interruption, disruption; prevention (‫ دون‬of s.th.)
‫ ﻻ ﳏﺎل‬lā maḥalla = ‫( ﻻ ﳏﺎﻟﺔ‬see below)
‫ ﳏﺎﻟﺔ‬muḥāla roller, wheel (of a draw well)
‫ ﻻ ﳏﺎﻟـﺔ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬lā maḥālata minhu it is inevitable; there is no doubt about it;
(also ‫ﳏﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬alone) most certainly, positively, absolutely, by all means
‫ ﲢﻮﻳـﻞ‬taḥwīl transformation, transmutation, conversion (‫ اﱃ‬into s.th.);
change, alteration, modification; transplantation; transposition, reversal,
inversion, translocation, dislocation, displacement; transfer, assignment;
conversion (e.g., of currency); conversion, transformation (of electric
current); O transfer (fin.; also ‫اﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﲢﻮﻳـﻞ‬t. ad-dain); remittance (of money),
Confidential
transmittal, sending, forwarding; bill of exchange, promissory note, draft
(com.); check; endorsement (com.); c.o.d., cash on delivery | ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻳــﻞ اﱃ اﻟﻌﻤــﻼت اﻻﺟﻨﺒﻴــﺔ‬ (qābilīyal al-’mla, ajnabīiya) convertibility of
currency
‫ ﲢﻮﻳﻠــﺔ‬taḥwīla pl. ‫ ﲢﺎوﻳــﻞ‬taḥāwīl2 branch, offshoot; siding, sidetrack
(railroad); side canal (irrigation; Eg.); switch (railroad)
‫ ﳏﺎوﻟــﺔ‬muḥāwala pl. -āt attempt, try; effort, endeavor;. recourse to
expedients, shifts, or dodges, dodging, hedging | ‫(ﳏﺎوﻟـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣﻴﺎﺗـﻪ‬ḥayātihī)
attempt on s.o.’s life, murderous assault
‫ اﺣﺎﻟــﺔ‬iḥāla transfer, conveyance, assignment; remittance; forwarding,
referring (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to a competent authority); transmission, transmittal; O
transfer (fin.); cession, assignment (Isl. Law); absurdity | ‫ ﻻﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with
reference to; ‫اﻻﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬‫ ﻗﺎﺿـﻲ‬magistrate sitting at defendant’s arraignment, trial

judge; ‫( اﺣﺎﻟـﺔ اﱃ )ﻋﻠـﻰ( اﳌﻌـﺎش‬ma‘āš) and ‫( اﺣﺎﻟـﺔ اﱃ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻋـﺪ‬taqā‘ud) pensioning
off
376
‫ ﲢــﻮل‬taḥawwul change, transformation, transmutation; abrupt change,

sudden turn, reversal; shift, transition; departure, deviation, digression (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from); renunciation (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of) |‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬nuqṭat at-t. turning point
‫ ﲢﻴﻞ‬taḥayyul use of tricks, trickery
‫ ﲢﺎﻳـﻞ‬taḥāyul and ‫ اﺣﺘﻴـﺎل‬iḥtiyāl use of tricks, trickery; cunning, craft,
subtlety, artfulness; malice, treachery, perfidy; deception, fraud
‫ ﲢـﺎﻳﻠﻲ‬taḥāyulī and ‫ اﺣﺘﻴـﺎﱄ‬iḥtiyālī fraudulent, e.g., ‫( اﻓــﻼس اﺣﺘﻴـﺎﱄ‬iflās)
fraudulent bankruptcy
‫ اﺳــﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬istiḥāla change, transformation, transmutation, turn, shift,
transition; transubstantiation (Chr.); impossibility, inconceivability,
absurdity, preposterousness
‫ ﺣﺎﺋـﻞ‬ḥā’il pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاﺋـﻞ‬ḥawā’il obstacle, obstruction, impediment (‫ دون‬on the
way to s.th., ‫ و‬-- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬see ‫ ﺣـﺎل‬ḥāla I); barrier; partition, screen, folding
screen; -- (pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮل‬ḥuwwal) changeable, variable, frequently changing;
feeble, languid, wan, pallid
‫ ﳏﻮل‬muḥawwil pl. -āt converter, transformer (el.); endorser
Confidential
‫ ﳏﻮﻟﺔ‬muḥawwila switch (railroad)
‫ ﳏـﻮل ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬muḥawwal ‘alaihi c.o.d., cash on delivery; ‫ ﳏـﻮل ﺑـﻪ‬collected on
delivery
‫ ﳏﻴﻞ‬muḥīl transferor, assignor (Isl. Law)
‫ ﳏـﺎل‬muḥāl inconceivable, unthinkable, impossible, absurd, preposterous,
unattainable
‫ ﻣﺘﺤـﻮل‬mutaḥawwil changeable, variable, changing | ‫(اﻷﻋﻴـﺎد اﳌﺘﺤﻮﻟـﺔ‬a‘yād)
the movable feasts (Chr.)
‫ ﳏﺘﺎل‬muḥtāl artful, cunning, deceitful, treacherous, perfidious, fraudulent;
swindler, cheat, impostor, fraud; crook, scoundrel; assignee (Isl. Law) | ‫ﳏﺘﺎل‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬debtor of a ceded claim, transferee (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬mustaḥīl impossible, absurd, preposterous; ‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﺤﻴﻼت‬impossible
things, impossibilities, absurdities
(‫ﺣﺎم‬ (‫ ﺣﻮم‬ḥāma u (ḥaum, ‫ ﺣﻮم‬ḥawamān) to circle, hover. glide (in the air;
of a bird, also of an aircraft); to hover, swarm, buzz (‫ ﺣـﻮل‬and ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬around) |
‫( ﺣﺎﻣـﺖ اﻟﺸـﺒﻬﺔ ﺿـﺪﻩ‬šubha, ḍiddahū) suspicion concentrated on him, he was
suspected II to circle in the air; to hover in circles, to circle; to go around,
377
revolve (thoughts and images, in one’s head or mind); to browse (‫ ﰲ‬in a

book)
‫ ﺣﻮﻣـﺔ‬ḥauma pl. -āt turmoil of battle, thick of the fray; main part, bulk,
main body; (tun.) quarter, section (of a city)
‫ ﺣﺎن‬and ‫ ﺣﺎﻧﺔ‬see ‫ﺣﲔ‬
‫ ﺣﺎﻧﻮت‬see ‫ﺣﻨﻮ‬
‫ ﺣـﻮى‬ḥawā i to gather, collect, unite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to encompass, embrace,
contain, hold, enclose, comprise, include (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to possess, own, have (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to clasp (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., the hand) V to curl (up), coil (up) VIII to encompass,
embrace, contain, hold, enclose, comprise, include (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th.); to
possess, own, have (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)

‫ ﺣﻮﻳــﺔ‬ḥawīya convolution, coil, curl, roll; pl. ‫ ﺣـﻮا‬ḥawāyā intestine,
bowels, entrails
‫ ﺣﻮاﻳـﺔ‬ḥiwāya pl. -āt (eg.) wase round pad to support a burden on the head
or on the back
Confidential
‫ ﺣﺎو‬ḥāwin pl. ‫ ﺣﻮاة‬ḥuwāh snake charmer; juggler, conjurer, magician
‫ ﳏﺘـﻮ ت‬muḥtawayāt content(s) (of a book. of a receptacle) |‫ﳏﺘـﻮ ت اﻟﻨﻔـﻮس‬
the innermost thoughts. the secrets of the heart
(‫ﺣﻴـﻲ‬ (‫ ﺣﻴـﻮ‬,‫ﺣـﻰ‬ ḥayiya, ‫ﺣـﻲ‬ ḥayya ‫ﳛﻴـﺎ‬ yaḥyā (‫ ﺣﻴـﺎة‬ḥayāh) to live; ‫ﺣـﻲ‬
ḥayya to live to see, experience, witness (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), live (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through a time)
‫ ﻟﻴﺤـﻲ اﳌﻠـﻚ‬li-yaḥyā l-malik long live the king! ‫ ﺣﻴـﻲ‬ḥayiya
‫ ﳛﻴـﺎ‬yaḥyā (‫ﺣﻴـﺎء‬
ḥayā’) to be ashamed (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of; because of) II ‫ ﺣﻴـﺎ‬ḥayyā to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) alive,
grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) a long life; to say to s.o. (‫ﷲ‬ ‫ ﺣﻴـﺎك‬:(‫ ه‬may God preserve your
life!; to greet, salute (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV ‫ اﺣﻴـﺎ‬aḥyā to lend life (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.),
enliven, animate, vitalize, endow with life, call into being (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give
birth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to revive, reanimate, revivify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give new life (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to
put on, produce, stage, arrange (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a theatrical performance, a
celebration, and the like); to celebrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also a festival) |‫اﻟـﺬﻛﺮى‬ ‫اﺣﻴـﺎ‬
(dikrā) to commemorate (a deceased person), observe the anniversary (of
s.o.’s death); ‫اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬ ‫( اﺣﻴـﺎ‬lail) to burn the midnight oil, ‫( اﺣﻴـﺎ اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ ﺻـﻼة‬ṣalātan)
378
to spend the night in prayer; ‫( اﺣﻴـﺎ اﻟﺴـﻬﺮة‬sahrata) to perform in the evening

(of an artist); ‫( اﺣﻴـﺎ ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ‬ḥaflatan) to give a performance; to perform at a
celebration (artist); ‫ ﻗﺪ اﺣﻴـﺖ اﻟﻔﺮﻗـﺔ ﺛـﻼث ﻟﻴـﺎل‬qad aḥyat il-firqatu talāta layālin
the theatrical troupe gave three evening performances X ‫ اﺳـﺘﺤﻴﺎ‬istaḥyā to
spare s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬life, let live, keep alive (‫ ه‬s.o.); ‫ اﺳـﺘﺤﻴﺎ‬istaḥyā, ‫ اﺳـﺘﺤﻰ‬istaḥā
to be ashamed (‫ ه‬to face s.o.; ‫ ﻣﻦ‬of s.th., because of s.th.); to become or feel
embarrassed (‫ ﻣﻦ‬in front of s.o.), be embarrassed (‫ ﻣﻦ‬by); to be bashful, shy,
diffident
‫ ﺣـﻲ‬ḥayy pl. ‫ اﺣﻴـﺎء‬aḥyā’ living, live, alive; lively, lusty, animated, active,
energetic, unbroken, undaunted, undismayed; living being, organism; tribe,
tribal community; block of apartment houses; section, quarter (of a city) | ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻴــﺎء‬ ‘ilm al-aḥyā’ biology; ‫ﺣــﻲ اﻟﻌــﺎﱂ‬ ‘ilm al-‘ālam houseleek tree
(Sempervivum arboreum L.; bot.)
‫ ﺣﻲ‬ḥayya: ‫ ﺣﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻼة‬ḥayya ‘alā ṣ-ṣalāh come to prayer!
‫ ﺣﻴﺔ‬ḥayya pl. -āt snake, serpent, viper
Confidential
O ‫اﺣﻴـﺎﺋﻲ‬
bio-chemistry
aḥyā’ī biologic(al); (pl. -ūn) biologist |‫اﺣﻴﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﻲ‬ḥayīy bashful, shy, diffident, modest

‫ﻛﻴﻤﻴـﺎء‬ (kīmiyā’)
‫ ﺣﻴـﺎء‬ḥayā’ shame, diffidence, bashfulness, timidity; shyness |‫ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ اﳊﻴـﺎء‬

shameless impudent; ‫اﳊﻴﺎء‬ ‫ ﻗﻠﺔ‬qillat al-ḥ. shamelessness, impudence
‫ ﺣﻴـﺎة‬ḥayāh pl. ‫ ﺣﻴـﻮات‬ḥayawāt life; life-blood; liveliness animation | ‫ﺣﻴـﺎة‬
‫ اﻟﺮﻳـﻒ‬ḥ. ar-rīf country life, rural life; ‫‘( اﳊﻴـﺎة اﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬āmma) public life; ‫اﳊﻴـﺎة‬
‫ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴـﺔ‬family life; ‫ ﻣﻴﺘـﻮى اﳊﻴـﺎة‬mustawā l-ḥ. living standard; O ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬ilm
al-ḥ. biology
‫ ﺣﻴﻮي‬ḥayawī lively, full of life, vital, vigorous; vital, essential to life
‫ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ḥayawīya vitality, vigor, vim
‫ ﺣﻴﻮ ت‬ḥayawīyāt: ‫( ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻀﺎدة ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮ ت‬mawādd muḍādda) antibiotics
‫ ﺣﻴـﻮان‬ḥayawān pl. -āt animal, beast; (coll.) animals, living creatures
|‫ﺛﺪﻳـﺔ‬
‫( ﺣﻴـﻮا ت‬tadyīya) mammals; ‫( ﺣﻴـﻮا ت ﳎـﱰة‬mujtarra) ruminants; ‫ﺣﻴـﻮان‬
‫( ﻃﻔﻴﻠﻲ‬ṭufailī) parasite; ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﳊﻴﻮان‬ilm al-ḥ. zoology
379
‫ ﺣﻴﻮاﱐ‬ḥayawānī animal (adj.); zoologic(al)

‫ ﺣﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬ḥayawānīya bestiality; animality, animal nature
‫ ﺣﻮﻳﻦ‬ḥuwayyin pl. -āt minute animal, animalcule
‫ اﺣﲕ‬aḥyā livelier; more vigorous, more vital
‫ ﲢﻴـﺔ‬taḥīya pl. –āt, ‫ ﲢـﺎ‬taḥāyā greeting, salutation; salute; cheer (= wish
that God may give s.o. long life) |‫ﻟـﺬﻛﺮاﻩ‬ ‫ ﲢﻴـﺔ‬taḥīyatan li-dikrāhu in order to
keep his memory alive, in remembrance of him; ‫‘( اﻟﺘﺤﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌﺴـﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬askarīya)
military salute
‫ اﺣﻴـﺎء‬iḥyā’ animation, enlivening; revival, revitalization, revivification;
arranging, staging. conducting, putting on, holding (of a celebration) | ‫اﺣﻴـﺎء‬
‫اﻟـﺬﻛﺮى‬ i. ad-dikrā commemoration (of a deceased person);‫ اﺣﻴـﺎء ﻟـﺬﻛﺮى‬I
(iḥyā’an) (with foll. gen.) in commemoration of …, in memoriam ...; ‫اﺣﻴـﺎء‬
‫ اﳌﻮات‬i. al-mawāt cultivation of virgin land

‫ اﺳﺘﺤﻴﺎء‬istiḥyā’ shame; diffidence, bashfulness, timidity; shyness
Confidential
‫ ﳏﻴﺎ‬mūḥayyan face, countenance
‫ اﻟﺴﺖ اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻴﺔ‬as-sitt al-mustahīya sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica; bot.)
1‫ ﺣﻴـﺚ‬ḥaitu (conj.) where (place and direction); wherever; since, as, due
to the fact that; whereas; inasmuch as |‫ان‬ ‫( ﺣﻴﺚ‬anna) since, as, because, due
to the fact that ... ; in that ... ; ‫ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻛـﺎن‬wherever it be; in any case, at any
rate; ‫ﺣﻴـﺚ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬ilā ḥaitu where (direction); to where …, to the place where ...;
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬min ḥaitu from where, whence, wherefrom; where (place); whereas;
(with foll. nominative) as to, as for, concerning, regarding, with respect to,
in view of, because of; ‫ﻣــﻦ ﺣﻴــﺚ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓــﺔ‬ min ḥ. taqāfatu with regard to
education, as far as education is concerned; ‫وﻻ ﻳﺪري‬ ‫( ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺪري‬yadrī wa-
lā yadrī) whether he knows it or not, knowingly or without his knowledge;
‫( ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ‬with foll. perf.) without (being, doing, etc.); ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻫـﻮ‬such, in
itself, ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫‘( اﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ālam) the world in itself, the world as such; ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫( ان‬anna) inasmuch as; in view of the fact that; since, as, due to the fact that;
‫ ﲝﻴـﺚ‬bi-ḥaitu inasmuch as; in such a manner that ..., so as to ...; so that ...;
such as ...; (he found himself) at a point or degree where, e.g., ‫ﻛﺎن ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﱪاءة‬
380
‫( ﲝﻴـﺚ ﻻ ﺗـﺮى‬barā’a, tarā) = she was so naive that she couldn't see ...; ‫ﲝﻴـﺚ ﻻ‬
insofar as ... not, provided that … not; ‫( ﲝﻴـﺚ ان‬anna) in such a manner that
..., so as to ..., so that ...
‫ ﺣﻴﺜﻤـﺎ‬ḥatumā wherever, wheresoever (place); wherever, no matter where
... (direction) |‫اﺗﻔــﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤــﺎ‬ (ittafaqa) anywhere, wherever it was (or he),
haphazardly, at random
‫ ﺣﻴﺜﻴـﺔ‬ḥaitīya pl. -āt standpoint; view, point, point of view, approach;
aspect, respect, regard, consideration; high social standing, social
distinction, dignity; pl. also: considerations, legal reasons on which the
judgment is based, opinion (jur.) |‫)اﻟﺒـﺎرزة‬ ‫( )ذوو اﳊﻴﺜﻴـﺔ‬dawū) or ,‫اﺻـﺤﺎب اﳊﻴﺜﻴـﺔ‬
‫ اﺻﺤﺎب اﳊﻴﺜﻴﺎت‬people of (high) social standing, prominent people, people of
distinction; ‫اﳊﻴﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻦ اﳊﻴﺜﻴﺔ‬ḥayawānīya) from a zoological viewpoint
2‫ اﳊﻴﺜﻴﻮن‬al-hātīyūn the Hittites
(‫ﺣﺎد‬ (‫ ﺣﻴﺪ‬ḥāda i (ḥaid, ‫ ﺣﻴﻮد‬ḥuyūd, ‫ ﺣﻴﺪان‬ḥayadān, ‫ ﳏﻴﺪ‬maḥīd) to deviate,

swerve, depart, desist (If from); to leave, quit, give up, abandon, relinquish
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.);‫ ﺣـﺎد ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﻦ‬to dissuade or get s.o. away from ... ; to incline, tend
Confidential
(‫ ﳓـﻮ‬,‫ اﱃ‬to, toward), sbade, blend (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬,‫ اﱃ‬into) II to keep aside, put aside (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) III to stay away, keep apart (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.o., from s.th.); to avoid, shun
(‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) VII to depart, deviate, digress, swerve (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫ ﺣﻴــﺪ‬ḥaid, ‫ ﺣﻴــﺪان‬ḥayadān deviation, digression, departure, swerving,
turning aside, turning away
‫ ﺣﻴـﺪة‬ḥaida deviation, digression, swerving, departure (from a course);
neutrality; impartiality |‫ﺣﻴﺪة‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬aside, apart, to one side
‫ ﳏﻴﺪ‬maḥīd avoidance (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.) |‫( ﻻ ﳏﻴﺪ‬maḥīda) it is unavoidable
‫ ﺣﺎﻳــﺪ‬ḥiyād neutrality (pol.) |‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﳊﻴــﺎد‬neutral; ‫( ﺣﻴــﺎد ﻋــﻦ اﳋــﻂ‬kaṭṭ)
derailment (railroad)
‫ ﺣﻴﺎدي‬ḥiyādī neutral (pol.)
‫ ﳏﺎﻳﺪة‬muḥāyada neutrality (pol.)
‫ ﺣﺎﺋﺪ‬ḥā’id neutral (pol.)
‫ ﳏﺎﻳﺪ‬muḥāyid neutral (pol.); ‫ اﶈﺎﻳﺪون‬the neutrals (pol.)
‫ ﻣﺘﺤﺎﻳﺪ‬mutaḥāyid neutral (pol.)
381
‫ ﺣﻴﺪرا د‬ḥaidarābād2 Hydarabad

‫ )ﺣﺎر )ﺣﲑ‬ḥāra (1st pers. perf. ‫ )ﺣﺮت‬a (‫ ﺣﲑة‬ḥaira, ‫ ﺣﲑان‬ḥayarān) to become
confused; to become or be helpless, be at a loss, know nothing (‫ ﰲ‬of, about);
to waver, hesitate, be unable to choose (‫ وﺑـﲔ‬-- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between - and) | ‫ﺣـﺎر ﰲ‬
‫( اﻣﺮﻩ‬amrihi) to be confused. baffled, bewildered, dismayed to be at a loss, be
at one’s wit’s end II to confuse, baffle, bewilder, nonplus, embarrass (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V to become confused; to be or become dismayed, startled, baffled,
perplexed (‫ ﰲ‬by), be at a loss (‫ ﰲ‬to); to waver (uncertainly) (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between)
|‫اﻣﺮﻩ‬ ‫( ﲢﲑ ﰲ‬amrihi) to be confused, baffled, bewildered, disconcerted, be at a
loss, be at one’s wit’s end VIII = V
‫ ﺣـﲑ‬ḥair fenced-in garden, enclosure |‫ ﺣـﲑ اﳊﻴـﻮان‬ḥ. al-ḥayawān zoological
garden, zoo
‫ ﺣ ــﲑة‬ḥaira confusion, perplexity, bewilderment, embarrassment,
helplessness ‫ﺣﲑة‬ ‫ ﰲ‬embarrassed, at a loss, helpless
‫ ﺣﲑان‬ḥairān2, f. ‫ ﺣﲑى‬ḥairā, pl. ‫ ﺣﻴﺎرى‬ḥayārā, ḥuyārā confused, perplexed,
Confidential
startled, dismayed, disconcerted, baffled, Nonplused, bewildered, appalled,
taken aback, stunned; embarrassed, at a loss, at one’s wit’s end; uncertain,
helpless, sheepish (smile, etc.), confused, incoherent (words, and the like)
‫ ﲢـ ــﲑ‬taḥayyur confusion, perplexity, bewilderment, dismay;
embarrassment, helplessness
‫ ﺣــﺎﺋﺮ‬ḥā’ir disconcerted, perplexed, startled. dismayed; embarrassed,
helpless, at a lost, at one’s wit’s end; baffled, bewildered, confused,
uncertain (‫ ﰲ‬about); straying, astray |‫اﻣـﺮﻩ‬ ‫( ﺣـﺎﺋﺮ ﰲ‬amrihī) confused, baffled,
bewildered, embarrassed, at a loss, helpless
‫ ﳏﲑ‬muḥayyar embarrassed, at a loss, helpless
‫ ﳏﲑ‬muḥayyir and ‫ ﳏﺘﺎر‬muḥtār = ‫ﺣﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺰ‬see ‫ﺣﻮز‬
‫ ﺣﻴﺰﺑﻮن‬see ‫ﺣﺰب‬
‫ )ﺣﺎص )ﺣﻴﺺ‬ḥāṣa i (ḥaiṣ, ‫ ﺣﻴﺼﺔ‬ḥaiṣa, ‫ ﳏﻴﺺ‬maḥīṣ) to flee, escape (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.
or from s.th.), run away (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), turn one’s back (‫ ﻋﻦ‬on) VII do.
‫ ﺣﻴﺺ‬ḥaiṣ, ‫ ﺣﻴﺼﺔ‬ḥaiṣa flight, escape
382
‫ وﻗـﻊ ﰲ ﺣـﻴﺺ ﺑـﻴﺺ‬waqa‘a fī ḥaiṣa baiṣa to get into a bad fix, meet with
difficulties
‫ ﺣﻴﺎﺻﺔ‬see ‫ﺣﻮص‬
‫ ﳏـﻴﺺ‬maḥīṣ flight, escape; place of refuge, retreat, sanctuary |‫ﻣـﺎ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﳏـﻴﺺ‬
it is unavoidable; ‫ ﱂ ﻳﻜـﻦ ﳍـﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﳏـﻴﺺ‬they couldn’t but ..., they had no other
alternative but to ...
(‫ﺣﺎﺿــﺖ‬ (‫ﺣــﻴﺾ‬ ḥāḍat i (ḥaiḍ, ‫ﳏــﻴﺾ‬ maḥīḍ, ‫ﳏــﺎض‬ maḥāḍ) and V to
menstruate, have a monthly period
‫ ﺣﻴﺾ‬ḥaiḍ (n. un. ‫ )ﺣﻴﻀﺔ‬and ‫ ﺣﻴﺎض‬ḥiyāḍ menstruation, monthly period
‫ ﺣﺎﺋﺾ‬ḥā’iḍ (f.) and ‫ ﺣﺎﺋﻀﺔ‬menstruating
‫ ﺣﻴﺎط‬,‫ ﺣﻴﻄﺎن‬,‫ ﺣﻴﺎﻃﺔ‬,‫ ﺣﻴﻄﺔ‬see ‫ﺣﻮط‬
1‫ )ﺣـﺎف )ﺣﻴـﻒ‬ḥāfa i (ḥaif) to deal unjustly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.), wrong, injure,
harm (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to restrict, limit, curtail, impair (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), encroach (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
upon) V to impair, injure, prejudice, violate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.th.), encroach,

infringe (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬upon)
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‫ ﺣﻴـﻒ‬ḥaif wrong, injustice; harm, damage, prejudice | ‫ﺣﻴـﻒ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬what a
pity! too bad! ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﺣﻴﻒ‬ḥaifa) it is not out of place, it is quite appropriate
2 ‫ ﺣﻴﻔﺎء‬ḥaifā’ Haifa (seaport in NW Israel)
‫)ﺣـﺎق )ﺣﻴـﻖ‬ ḥāqa i to surround, beset from all sides (‫ ب‬s.o.); to fall,
descend, come (‫ ب‬upon s.o., punishment), befall, overtake, grip, seize,
overcome (‫ ب‬s.o.), happen, occur (‫ ب‬to); to penetrate, pierce (‫ ﰲ‬the body;

of a sword); to affect, influence (‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th.) IV to surround, beset from all
sides (‫ ب‬s.o.); to bring down (‫ب‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ upon s.o. s.th.), cause s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬to
descend (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬upon s.o.)
‫ ﺣﻴــﻖ‬ḥaiq consequence, effect (of a misdeed redounding upon the
evildoer)
‫ ﺣﻴﻚ‬II to weave
‫ ﺣﻴﺎﻛﺔ‬see ‫ﺣﻮك‬
‫ ﺣﻴﻚ‬ḥaik = ‫ ﺣﺎﺋﻚ‬see ‫ﺣﻮك‬
383
1 ‫ ﺣﻴﻞ‬V, ‫ﺣﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬ ,‫ ﺣﻴﺎل‬,‫ اﺣﻴﻞ‬,‫ﺣﻴﻠﺔ‬, etc., see ‫ ﺣﻮل; اﺣﻴﻠﻲ‬see ‫ﺣﻠﻮ‬

2 ‫ﺣﺎﻳﻞ‬ḥāyil2 Hail (town and oasis in N Nejd)
‫ )ﺣـﺎن )ﺣـﲔ‬ḥāna i to draw near, approach, come, arrive (time); to happen
accidentally |‫اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‬
‫ ﺣـﺎن‬the (right) time has come; now is the time; ‫ﺣـﺎن ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ اﻟﻮﻗــﺖ‬the time has come for him to …; ‫( اﻣــﺎ ﺣــﺎن ﳍــﻢ ان ﻳﻔﻬﻤـﻮا‬amā, an
yafhamū) haven’t they understood yet ...?; ‫( ﺣﺎﻧـﺖ ﻣـﲏ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺗـﺔ‬minnī iltifāta) I
happened to turn around (‫ اﱃ‬to), it just happened that my eyes fell on (‫ )اﱃ‬II
to set a time (‫ ه‬for s.o.) IV to destroy, wipe out (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to watch, wait (‫ﻫ ـ‬
fur a time or an opportunity) |‫اﻟﻔﺮﺻـﺔ‬ ‫( ﲢـﲔ‬furṣata) to wait for an opportunity,
bide one's time X ‫ اﺳﺘﺤﲔ‬istaḥyana to wait for the right time
‫ ﺣﺎن‬ḥān bar; cabaret
‫ ﺣﺎﻧﺔ‬ḥāna pl. -āt bar, wineshop, wine tavern; pub, tavern, taproom
‫ ﺣﲔ‬ḥain death, destruction
‫ ﺣـﲔ‬ḥīn pl. ‫ اﺣﻴـﺎن‬aḥyān, ‫ اﺣـﺎﻳﲔ‬aḥāyīn2 time; propitious time, good time,
Confidential
opportunity; ḥīna (prep.) at the time of ..., at, upon; (conj.) at the time when,
when; as soon as; ‫ ﺣﻴﻨـﺎ‬ḥīnan for some time; once, one day; ‫ اﺣﻴـﺎ‬aḥyānan
occasionally, from time to time, sometimes |‫ﺣﻴﻨــﺎ‬ -- ‫ﺣﻴﻨــﺎ‬ sometimes --
sometimes, at times -- at times; ‫ ﰲ اﻻﺣـﺎﻳﲔ‬at times, sometimes, once in a
while; ‫ )ﰲ ﺑﻌــﺾ اﻷﺣﻴــﺎن )اﻷﺣــﺎﻳﲔ‬fī ba‘ḍi l-a. and ‫ ﺑﻌــﺾ اﻷﺣﻴــﺎن‬ba‘ḍa l-a.
sometimes, occasionally, now and then, once in a while, from time to time,
at times; ‫ ﰲ اﻏﻠﺐ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‬fī aglabi l-a. mostly, most of the time, in most cases;
‫ اﱃ ﺣـﲔ‬for some time; meanwhile, for the time being; ‫ ﰲ ﺣﻴﻨـﻪ‬then, at the
time, in his (its) time; in due time, at the appointed time; ‫ ذا اﳊـﲔ‬dā l-ḥīna
just now, right now; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ذﻟـﻚ اﳊـﲔ‬from that time on, from then on; ‫اﱃ ذﻟـﻚ‬
‫ اﳊـﲔ‬until that time, till then; ‫( ﰲ ﺣـﲔ‬with foll. verb) whereas; ‫ ﰲ ﺣـﲔ ان‬and
‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﲔ ان‬ḥīni) at the same time when ..., while; whereas, also without ‫ان‬,
e.g., ‫ﻳﺰﻋﻤـﻮن‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﲔ ﻫـﻢ‬alā ḥīni hum yaz‘umūna whereas they, on the other
hand, claim; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺣـﲔ ﻵﺧـﺮ‬,‫ ﺣﻴﻨـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺣـﲔ‬,‫ ﺑـﲔ ﺣـﲔ وﺣـﲔ‬,‫( ﻣـﻦ ﺣـﲔ اﱃ ﺣـﲔ‬li-
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ākara) and ‫( ﺑـﲔ ﺣـﲔ وﻵﺧـﺮ‬wa-ākara) from time to time, now and then, once
in a while
‫ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ‬ḥīna’idin at that time, then, that day
‫ ﺣﻴﻨﺬاك‬ḥīnadāka at that time, then, that day
‫ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ḥīnamā (conj.) while; when, as
‫ ﺣﻴﻮي‬,‫ ﺣﻴﻮان‬and ‫ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ see ‫ﺣﻲ‬
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‫خ‬
‫ ﺧﺎء‬ḳā’ name of the letter ‫خ‬
‫ ﺧﺎﺗﻮن‬ḳātūn pl. ‫ ﺧﻮاﺗﲔ‬ḳawātīn2 lady, socially prominent woman|‫زﻫﺮة اﳋﺎﺗﻮن‬
zahrat al-ḳ. little blue flower of the steppe (syr.)
‫ ﺧﺎﺧﺎم‬ḳāḳām (=‫ )ﺣﺎﺧﺎم‬rabbi
‫ ﺧﺎرﺻﲔ‬ḳāriṣīn and ‫ ﺧﺎرﺻﻴﲎ‬ḳāriṣīnī (eg.) zinc
‫ ﺧـﺎزوق‬ḳāzūq pl. ‫ ﺧﻮازﻳـﻖ‬ḳawāzīq2 post, stake, pole; dirty trick| ‫ﻫـﺬا ﺧـﺎزوق‬
that’s tough luck!
‫ ﺧﺎﻗـﺎن‬ḳāqān pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮاﻗﲔ‬ḳawāqīn2 overlord, ruler, sovereign, monarch,
emperor
‫ ﺧﺎﻛﻰ‬ḳākī earth-colored, khaki
‫ ﺧﺆوﻟﺔ‬,‫ ﺧﺆول‬see ‫ﺧﻮل‬
‫ ﺧـﺎم‬ḳām raw, unworked, unprocessed; untanned; linen; calico; (pl. -āt)
raw material; inexperienced, green, untrained, unskilled, artless, uncouth,
boorish; pl. ‫ ﺧﺎﻣـﺎت‬raw materials|‫ﺧـﺎم‬ ‫ ﺟﻠـﻮد‬raw leather; ‫ ﺧﻴـﻮط ﺧـﺎم‬raw fibers;
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‫( زﻳﺖ ﺧﺎم‬zait) crude oil; ‫( ﺳﻜﺮ ﺧﺎم‬sukkar) raw sugar; ‫( اﳌﻮاد اﳋـﺎم‬mawādd) the
raw materials
‫ ﺧـﺎن‬ḳān pl. -āt hostel, caravansary; inn, pub, tavern|‫( اﳋـﺎن اﳋﻠﻴﻠـﻰ‬ḳalīlī)
district of Cairo (center of art trade and market activity); ‫ﺧـﺎن ﻳـﻮﻧﺲ‬ Khan
Yunis (town in Gaza sector)
‫ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬pl. -at column (e.g., of a newspaper); square (e.g., on a chessboard)
‫ ﺧـﺐ‬ḳabba u (ḳabb, ‫ ﺧﺒـﺐ‬ḳabab, ‫ ﺧﺒﻴـﺐ‬ḳabīb) to amble (animal); to trot
(horse); to jog, saunter (person), to sink (‫ ﰱ‬in sand); -- u (ḳabb) to surge,
heave, be rough (sea) V and VIII to amble (animal); to trot (horse)
‫ ﺧﺒﺐ‬ḳabab amble; trot
‫ ﺧﺐ‬ḳabb, ḳibb heaving, surging (of the sea, rough sea
‫ ﺧﺐ‬ḳabb impostor. swindler
‫ ﺧﺐ‬ḳaba’a a and II to bide, conceal (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th) V to hide, conceal o.s.; to be
hidden, be concealed VIII to hide, conceal o.s.; to disappear; to be hidden,
be concealed
‫ ﺧﺐء‬ḳib’ that which is hidden, a hidden thing
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‫ ﺧﺒﻴﺌـﺔ‬ḳabī’a pl. ‫ ﺧﺒـﺎ‬ḳabāyā that which is hidden; a hidden, secret thing; a

cache| ‫اﻻرض‬ ‫ ﺧﺒﺎ‬ḳ. l-arḍ that which is hidden in the earth; natural resources
‫ ﳐﺒـﺄ‬maḳba’ pl. ‫ ﳐـﺎﺑﺊ‬maḳābi’2 hiding place; hide-out, refuge, haunt,
retreat; cellar, shelter, air-raid shelter
‫ ﺧﺒﺎء‬ḳibā’ pl. ‫ اﺧﺒﺌﺔ‬aḳbi’a, ‫ اﺧﺒﻴﺔ‬aḳbiya tent; husk, hull (of grain)
‫ ﺧﺎﺑﺌـﺔ‬ḳābi’a, ‫ ﺧﺎﺑﻴـﺔ‬ḳāiya pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮاﺑﺊ‬ḳawābī’2, ‫ ﺧـﻮاب‬ḳawābin large vessel,
cask, jar
‫ ﳐﺒﺂت‬muḳabba’āt hidden, secret things; secrets
‫ ﳐﺘﺒﺊ‬muḳtabi’ hidden, concealed
‫ ﺧﺒﺖ‬IV to be humble (‫ اﱃ‬before God(
‫ ﺧﺒـﺚ‬ḳabuta u (ḳubt, ‫ )ﺧﺒﺎﺛـﺔ‬to be bad; to be wicked, evil, malicious,
vicious, malignant VI to behave viciously, display malice; to feel awkward,
feel embarrassed
‫ ﺧﺒـﺚ‬ḳubt badness, wickedness; malignancy (e.g., of a disease); malice,
malevolence, viciousness
‫ ﺧﺒﺚ‬ḳabat refuse, scum, dross, slag
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‫ ﺧﺒﻴـﺚ‬ḳabīt pl. ‫ ﺧﺒـﺚ‬ḳubut, ‫ ﺧﺒﺜـﺎء‬ḳubatā’2, ‫ اﺧﺒـﺎث‬aḳbāt, ‫ ﺧﺒﺜـﺔ‬ḳabata bad,
evil, wicked; malicious, vicious, spiteful; noxious, injurious, harmful;
malignant (disease); offensive, repulsive, nauseating, disgusting (odor)
‫ اﺧﺒﺚ‬aḳbat worse; more wicked
‫ ﺧﺒﺎﺛــﺔ‬ḳabāta badness wickedness; malice, malevolence, viciousness,
malignancy
‫ ﺧﱪ‬ḳabara u (ḳubr, ‫ ﺧﱪة‬ḳibra) to try, test (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to experience (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to have tried, have experienced, know by experience (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to get to know
thoroughly, know well (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); ḳabura u to know thoroughly (‫ ب‬or
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be fully acquainted (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.) II to notify, advise, apprise,
inform, tell (‫ ه‬s.o.,‫ ب‬of or about) III to write (‫ ه‬to s.o.). address (‫ ه‬s.o.),
turn, appeal (‫ ه‬to s.o.), contact (‫ ه‬s.o.) in writing; to negotiate, treat, parley
(‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to notify, inform, apprise, advise (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. of), let know,
tell (‫ ب ه‬s.o. about); to communicate, report, relate (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.), tell
(‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.) V to inquire (‫ ه‬of s.o.), ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to inform one
another, notify one another; keep one another informed; to correspond, write
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each other; to negotiate, treat, parley (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬about) VIII to explore
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), search (‫ ﻫـ‬into), seek information (‫ ﻫـ‬about); to test, examine (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to try, put to the test (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to have tried, have
experienced, know by experience (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to know well (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to
inquire (‫ه‬‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.o. about), ask (‫ ﻋﻦ ه‬s.o. about)
‫ ﺧــﱪ‬ḳabar pl. ‫ اﺧﺒــﺎر‬aḳbār news; information, intelligence: report,
communication, message; notification; rumor; story; matter, affair; (gram.)
predicate of a nominal clause; pl. annals |‫أﺧﺒـﺎرﻩ‬ ‫ﺳـﺄﻟﻪ ﻋـﻦ‬ to inquire of s.o.
about s.o. else; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﰲ ﺧـﱪ ﻛـﺎن‬or ‫( دﺧـﻞ ﰲ ﺧـﱪ ﻛـﺎن‬ḳabari kana) to belong to
the past, be passé, be no longer existent
‫ ﺧﱪة‬ḳibra, ‫ ﺧﱪ‬ḳubr experience; knowledge
‫ ﺧﺒــﲑ‬kabīr experienced, expert (‫ ب‬in); familiar, conversant, well-
acquainted (‫ ب‬with), cognizant (‫ ب‬of); ‫اﳋﺒـﲑ‬ the Knowing (one of the
attributes of God); (pl. ‫ﺧـﱪاء‬ kubarā’2) expert, specialist | ‫ﺧﺒـﲑ اﻟﻀـﺮاﺋﺐ‬tax
Confidential
expert, tax adviser
‫ ﺧﺎﺑﻮر‬kābūr pl. ‫ ﺧﻮاﺑﲑ‬kawābīr2 peg; pin; wedge
‫ ﳐﱪ‬makbar sense, intrinsic significance; (pl: ‫ ﳐﺎﺑﺮ‬makābir2) laboratory
‫ ﳐﺒﺎر‬mikbār pl. ‫ ﳐﺎﺑﲑ‬makābīr2 test tube (chem.)
‫ ﳐـﺎﺑﺮة‬mukābara pl. -āt correspondence, (esp. written) information (in
classified ads: ‫اﳌﺨــﺎﺑﺮة ب‬ please write to ..., please contact ...), notice,
notification, communication | ‫ﳐــﺎﺑﺮة ﺗﻠﻔﻮﻧﻴــﺔ‬ telephone call, telephone
conversation; ‫ﳐـﺎﺑﺮة ﺧﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ‬ (kārijīya) long-distance call; ‫ﳐـﺎﺑﺮة ﺳـﺮﻳﺔ‬ (sirriya)
secret communiqué; ‫ﻗﻠـﻮ اﳌﺨـﺎﺑﺮات‬ qalam al-m. intelligence bureau; ‫اﳌﺨـﺎﺑﺮة‬

‫( ﺣﻀﻮر‬ḥuḍūrīyan) apply in person (in classified ads)
‫ اﺧﺒــﺎر‬ikbār notification, information, communication, note, message;
report; indirect discourse, oratio obliqua (gram.)
‫ اﺧﺒﺎري‬ikbārī news-, information- (in compounds)
‫ ﲣﺎﺑﺮ‬takābur negotiation; correspondence
‫ اﺧﺘﺒـﺎر‬iktibār pl. -āt exploration, study; examination; test; test item (of an
examination); trial, testing; (scientific) investigation, research, experiment;
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experience, empirical knowledge; practical experience |‫ﲢﺮﻳﺮﻳــﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒــﺎرات‬

(taḥrīrīya) written examination items; ‫ذاﰐ‬ ‫( اﺧﺘﺒـﺎر‬dātī) personal experience;
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒـﺎر‬experimentally; ‫ ﲢـﺖ اﻻﺧﺘﺒـﺎر‬on probation, on trial; ‫ﺣﻘـﻮل‬
‫ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬experimental fields
‫ اﺧﺘﺒﺎري‬iktibārī experimental; experiential; empirical
‫ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرﻳﺔ‬ihtibārīya empiricism
‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺘﺒﺎر‬istikbàr pl. -āt inquiry | ‫داﺋﺮة اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺘﺒﺎرات‬information bureau
‫ ﳐﱪ‬mukbir pl. -ūn reporter; detective
‫ ﳐﺘﱪ‬muktabar pl. -āt laboratory
‫ ﺧﺒﺰ‬kabaza i (kabz) to bake (‫ ﻫـ‬bread) VIII do.
‫ ﺧﺒﺰ‬kubz pl. ‫ اﺧﺒﺎز‬akbāz bread
‫ ﺧﺒﺰة‬kubza loaf of bread
‫ ﺧﺒﺎز‬kubza pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺧﺒﺎزة‬baker
‫ ﺧﺒﺎز‬kubbaz, ‫ ﺧﺒﻴﺰ‬kubbaiz, ‫ ﺧﺒﺎزى‬kubbazā mallow (bot.)
Confidential
‫ ﺧﺒﺎزة‬kibāza baker’s trade, art of baking
‫ ﳐﺒﺰ‬makbaz, ‫ ﳐﺒﺰة‬pl. ‫ ﳐﺎﺑﺰ‬makābiz2 bakery
‫ ﺧـﺒﺺ‬kabaṣa i (kabṣ) to mix, mingle, intermix (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with) II to mix,
mingle, intermix (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to muddle, jumble, confuse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), make a mess
(‫ ﻫـ‬of)
‫ ﺧﺒــﻴﺺ‬kabīl, ‫ ﺧﺒﻴﺼــﺔ‬medley, mess, mishmash, hodgepodge; ‫ ﺧﺒﺼــﺔ‬a
jellylike sweet
‫ ﺧﺒـﺎص‬kabbāṣ one who causes confusion, who messes things up; an
irresponsible, light-minded person
‫ ﺧـﺒﻂ‬kabaṭa i (kabṭ) to beat, strike (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., against s.th.); to knock, rap (‫ﻫ ـ‬
on, ‫ اﻟﺒـﺎب‬on the door); to stamp (‫ اﻻرض‬the ground; of animals) | ‫ﳜـﺒﻂ ﺧـﺒﻂ‬
‫( ﻋﺸﻮاء‬kabṭa ‘ašwā’) he acts haphazardly, he proceeds rashly or at random V
to beat, strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bring down, fell, knock out, throw to the
ground (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bump, hit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬against), collide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), stumble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over);

to be lost, wander about, stray; to grope about, fumble about; to struggle,
resist; to clatter over the ground, gallop (horse) VIII to bump (against); to
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struggle, resist; to grope about, fumble about; to be lost, wander around,

stray; to stir, bustle
‫ ﺧﺒﻄﺔ‬kabta blow, stroke; rap, knock; noise, din, uproar
‫ ﺧﺒﺎط‬kubāṭ insanity, madness, mental disorder
‫ ﺧﺒـﻞ‬kabala u (kabl) to confound, confuse, mess up, complicate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to hinder, impede, handicap, stop, hold back (‫ ه‬s.o.); to befuddle (‫ ه‬s.o.),
confuse s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind, rob (‫ ه‬s.o.) of his senses make (‫ ه‬s.o.) crazy; --
kabila a (kabal, ‫ﺧﺒـﺎل‬ kabal) to get confused; to be or become mentally
disturbed, crazy, insane II to confound, confuse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬ s.o.); to
complicate, entangle, mess up, muddle, throw into disorder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rob
of his senses, drive insane (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to become muddled, disordered
(mind)
‫ ﺧﺒﻞ‬kabl, kabal confusion; mental disorder, insanity
‫ ﺧﺒﻞ‬kabil mad, crazy, insane; feebleminded, dim-witted
‫ اﺧﺒﻞ‬akbal 2 mad, crazy, insane; feeble-minded, dim-witted
Confidential
‫ اﺧﺘﺒﺎل‬iktibāl mental disorder
‫ ﳐﺒـﻮل‬makbūl mad, crazy, idiotic, imbecilic, mentally deranged, insane;
muddlehead, dolt, fool
‫ ﳐﺒـﻞ‬makbal confused. baffled, perplexed, dismayed; muddled, confused,
mixed up
(‫ﺧﺒﺎ‬ (‫ ﺧﺒﻮ‬kabā u (kabw, kubūw) to go out, die (fire)
‫ ﺧﺒﺎ‬and ‫ ﺧﺒﺎء‬pl. ‫ اﺧﺒﻴﺔ‬see ‫ﺧﺒﺄ‬
‫ ﺧﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬pl. ‫ ﺧﻮاب‬see ‫ﺧﺒﺄ‬
‫ ﺧﺒﻴﺎري‬kibyārī caviar
‫ ﺧﱰ‬katara i (katr) to betray (‫ ه‬s.o.), act perfidiously, disloyally (‫ ه‬toward
s.o.); to deceive, cheat, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺧـﱰ‬katr disloyalty, breach of confidence, perfidy, treachery, betrayal,
deception
‫ ﺧﺘﺎر‬kattār traitor, disloyal person, cheat, swindler
‫ ﺧﺎﺗﺮ‬kātir treacherous, perfidious, disloyal
390
‫ ﺧﺘـﻞ‬katala i u (katl, ‫ ﺧـﺘﻼ‬katalan) to dupe, gull, cheat, double-cross,

deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to deceive, cheat, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.); to behave hypocritically
VIII = I
‫ ﺧﺘﻞ‬katl and ‫ ﳐﺎﺗﻞ‬mukātala deception, trickery, double-dealing, duplicity,
duping, gulling
‫ ﳐﺎﺗﻞ‬mukātil deceitful, crafty, wily, foxy
‫ ﺧـﺘﻢ‬katama i (katm, ‫ ﺧﺘـﺎم‬kitām) to seal, provide with a seal or signet (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to stamp, impress with a stamp (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to seal off, close, make
impervious or inaccessible (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; also ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬the hearts, said of God); to put
one’s seal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on), conclude, terminate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wind up, finish, complete
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to close, heal, cicatrize (wound) V to put on or wear a ring ( | (‫ب‬

‫( ﲣﺘﻢ ﻟﺬﻫﺐ‬dahab) to wear a golden ring VIII to conclude, finish, terminate,
wind up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧـﺘﻢ‬katm sealing; -- (pl. ‫ اﺧﺘـﺎم‬aktām, ‫ ﺧﺘـﻮم‬kutūm) seal, signet, seal
Confidential
imprint; stamp, stamp imprint; also = ‫( ﺧﺘﻤـﺔ‬see below) | ‫اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬
(postal) cancellation stamp; ‫اﳋﺘﻢ‬ ‫ ﴰﻊ‬šam‘ al-k. sealing wax
‫ﺧـﺘﻢ‬postmark,
‫ ﺧﺘﻤــﺔ‬katma pl. katamāt recital of the entire Koran, esp. on festive

occasions
‫ ﺧـﺎﰎ‬kātam, kātam pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮاﰎ‬kawātim2 seal ring, signet ring; ring, finger
ring; seal, signet; stamp |‫اﻟـﺰواج‬ ‫ ﺧـﺎﰎ‬k. zawāj wedding ring; ‫ ﺧـﺎﰎ اﻟﻨﺒﻴـﲔ‬k. an-
nabīyīn the Seal (i.e., the last) of the Prophets = Mohammed
‫ ﺧﺎ م‬kātām pl. ‫ ﺧﻮاﺗﻴﻢ‬kawātīm2 seal ring, signet ring; ring
‫ ﺧﺘـﺎم‬kitām sealing wax; end, close, conclusion, termination |‫ ﰲ اﳋﺘـﺎم‬at the
end, at last, finally, eventually
‫ ﺧﺘﺎﻣﻲ‬kitāmī final, concluding |‫( ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺧﺘﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬kalima) concluding speech
‫ اﺧﺘﺘﺎم‬iktitām end, close, conclusion, termination
‫ ﺧﺎﲤـﺔ‬kātima pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮاﰎ‬kawātim2, ‫ ﺧـﻮاﺗﻴﻢ‬kawātīm2 end, close, conclusion,
termination; epilogue (of a book); ‫ ﺧﻮاﺗﻴﻢ‬final stage
‫ ﳐﺘﻢ‬mukattam ringed, adorned with a ring or rings (hand)
‫ ﳐﺘﺘﻢ‬muktatam end, close, conclusion, termination
391
1 ‫ﺧﱳ‬katana i (katn) to circumcise (‫ ه‬a boy) VIII pass

‫ ﺧﱳ‬katn circumcision
‫ ﺧﱳ‬katan pl. ‫ اﺧﺘﺎن‬aktān son-in-law bridegroom
‫ ﺧﺘﺎن‬kitān, ‫ ﺧﺘﺎﻧﺔ‬kitāna circumcision
2 ‫ ﺧﺎﺗﻮن‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺧﺜﺮ‬katara u and katira a to become solid, become thick, solidify, thicken;
to be or become viscous, syrupy; to clot, coagulate (liquid); to curdle (milk)
II and IV to thicken, inspissate, condense, coagulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬liquid); to curdle (‫ﻫ ـ‬
milk) V = I
O ‫ ﺧﺜﺮة‬katra thrombosis (med.)
‫ ﺧﺜﺎر‬kutar dregs (of a liquid); scum of the earth, riffraff, mob
‫ ﺧﺜﺎرة‬kutāra dregs (of a liquid); sediment, lees
‫ ﲣﺜﺮ‬takattur coagulation |O ‫( ﲣﺜﺮ اﳌﺦ‬mukk) cerebral thrombosis
‫ ﺧــﺎﺛﺮ‬kātir thickened, inspissated, condensed; viscous, ropy, sirupy;
curdled, coagulated, clotted; yoghurt, curd
Confidential
‫ ﳐﺜـﺮ‬mukattar thickened, inspissated, condensed; viscous, ropy, sirupy;
curdled, coagulated, clotted
‫ ﺧﺠﻞ‬kajila a (kajal) to become embarrassed; to be ashamed (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of s.th. or
to face s.o.), be abashed ( by s.th.), feel embarrassed (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬about s.th. or in
front of s.o.) II and IV to shame (‫ ه‬s.o.); to embarrass, abash, put to shame
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺧﺠــﻞ‬kajal shame (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬at); bashfulness diffidence, timidity, shyness;
abashment; disgrace, shame, ignominy |‫ﻟﻠﺨﺠـﻞ‬ (la-l-kajal) O disgrace! the
shame of it!
‫ ﺧﺠﻞ‬kajil abashed, embarrassed; bashful, diffident, shy, timid; overgrown
with luxuriant, profuse vegetation; long and flowing (garment)
‫ ﺧﺠﻮل‬kajūl abashed, ashamed, shame-faced; shy, bashful, diffident, timid
‫ ﺧﺠـﻼن‬kajalān abashed, ashamed, shamefaced; shy, bashful, diffident,
timid; bewildered with shame, embarrassed
‫ ﳐﺠﻮل‬makjūl ashamed, shamefaced
‫ ﳐﺠ ــﻞ‬mukjil arousing shame, shameful; shocking, disgraceful,
ignominious |‫اﳌﺨﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫( اﻋﻀﺎء‬a‘ḍā’) the pudenda
392
‫ ﺧـﺪ‬kadda u to furrow, plow (a the ground) V to be furrowed; to become

wrinkled (akin)
‫ ﺧـﺪ‬kadd pl. ‫ ﺧـﺪود‬kudūd cheek; lateral portion, side |‫ ﺻـﻌﺮ ﺧـﺪﻩ‬ṣa‘‘ra
kaddahū to put on a contemptuous mien
‫ ﺧﺪ‬kadd and ‫ ﺧﺪة‬kudda pl. ‫ ﺧﺪد‬kudad furrow, ridge, groove, rut
‫ اﺧــﺪود‬ukdūd pl. ‫ اﺧﺎدﻳــﺪ‬akādīd2 furrow, ridge, groove, rut; trench,
excavation
‫ ﺧﺪ‬mikadda pl. ‫ ﳐﺎد‬makadd2 cushion, pillow; seat cushion
‫ ﺧﺪﻳﺞ‬kadīj premature child
‫ ﺧﺪاج‬kidāj abortion, miscarriage
‫ ﺧـﺪر‬kadira a (kadar) to be numb, prickle, tingle (leg, arm); to be or
become limp, benumbed, paralyzed; -- kadara u to confine to women’s
quarters, keep in seclusion (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a girl) II to numb, benumb, stupefy (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫ ـ‬
a s.th.); to anesthetize, narcotize, put to sleep (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.; med.); to
confine to women’s quarters, keep in seclusion (la a girl) IV to make torpid,
stupefy, benumb, deprive of sensation, narcotize (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.) V to be
Confidential
numbed. be stunned, be stupefied, be deprived of sensation; to come to rest,
calm down
‫ ﺧـﺪر‬kidr pl. ‫ ﺧــﺪور‬kudūr, ‫ اﺧـﺪار‬akdār, ‫ اﺧـﺎدﻳﺮ‬akādīr2 curtain, drape;
women’s quarters of a tent; boudoir, private room (of a lady)
‫ ﺧـﺪر‬kadar and ‫ ﺧـﺪرة‬kudra numbness, insensibility (esp. of a limb gone to
sleep); daze. torpor, stupor
‫ ﺧﺪر‬kadir numb (limb); benumbed, torpid, dazed
‫ ﺧﺪر‬takdīr anesthetization, narcotization
‫ ﺧـﺎدر‬kādir limp, languid; benumbed, torpid, dazed; hidden in his den,
lurking (lion)
‫ ﺧﺎدرة‬kādira chrysalis (of a caterpillar; zool.)
‫ ﳐﺪر‬mukaddir anesthetic, painkilling, tranquilizing; (pl. -āt) an anesthetic;
a narcotic, drug, dope
‫ ﳐﺪر‬mukaddar numb, torpid, insensible; (eg.) tipsy, fuddled, drunk
‫ ﳐﺪرة‬mukaddira girl kept in seclusion from the outside world
393
‫ ﺧـﺪش‬kadaša i (kadš) to scratch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to maul, lacerate, tear to pieces

(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to violate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the rules of decency, s.o.’s honor, and the like); to
disturb (‫ ﻫـ‬the
peace); to ruin, sully, run down (‫ ﲰﻌﺘـﻪ‬sum‘atahū s.o.’s reputation) II to
scratch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) j to maul, lacerate, tear to pieces (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to violate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
rules of decency, s.o.’s honor, etc.); to ruin, sully, run down (‫ ﲰﻌﺘﻪ‬sum‘atahū
s.o.’s reputation)
‫ ﺧـﺪش‬kadš pl. ‫ ﺧـﺪوش‬kudūš, ‫ اﺧـﺪاش‬akdāš scratch, scratch mark; graze,
abrasion
‫ ﺧـﺪع‬kada‘a a to cheat (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬out of s.th.); to deceive, mislead, dupe,
gull (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. kudi‘a to be mistaken, be wrong (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬about); to fail to see
clearly (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with regard to), get the wrong impression (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.th.) III to
cheat, dupe, deceive, take in (‫ ه‬s.o.); to try to deceive or double-cross (‫ه‬

s.o.) VII to let o.s. be deceived, be deceived, deluded, misled (‫ ب‬by); to be
Confidential
mistaken, be wrong
‫ ﺧﺪع‬kud‘a pl. ‫ ﺧﺪع‬kuda‘, -āt deception, cheating, swindle
‫ ﺧﺪﻋﺔ‬kuda‘a impostor, swindler, cheat, sharper
‫ ﺳﻮى ﺧﺪع‬sawwā akda‘ahū to crush s.o.’s pride, humble s.o.
‫ ﺧﺪﻳﻌـﺔ‬kadī‘a pl. ‫ ﺧـﺪاﺋﻊ‬kadā’i‘2 deception, deceit, betrayal, treachery,
perfidy, trickery, imposture
‫ ﺧﺪاع‬kaddā‘ impostor, swindler, sharper, cheat, crook; deceptive, delusive
‫ ﺧﻴﺪع‬kaida‘ fata morgana, mirage
‫ اﺧ ــﺎدﻳﻊ‬akādi‘2 swindles, underhand dealings, crooked practices;
phantoms, phantasms, delusions
‫ ﳐـﺪع‬mika‘, mukda‘, makda‘ pl. ‫ ﳐـﺎدع‬makādi2 small room, chamber,
cabinet; bedchamber
‫ ﺧـﺪاع‬kidā‘ deception, deceit, swindle, imposture, betrayal, treachery,
perfidy, trickery, duplicity
‫ ﺧﺪاﻋﻲ‬kidā‘ī deceitful, fraudulent; deceptive, delusive, fallacious
‫ ﳐﺎدع‬mukādi‘ swindler, impostor, cheat, sharper, crook
‫ ﺧﺪل‬kadala a to stiffen, become rigid; to become numb, torpid, limp
394
‫ ﺧـﺪم‬kadama i u (‫ ﺧـﺪم‬kidma) to serve, be at service, do service; to have a

job; to work; to wait (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to serve (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to render a service
(‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), stand up (‫ ه‬for s.o.) | ‫ ﺧـﺪم اﻷرض‬to till or cultivate the
soil; ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻛﺜـﲑة‬ ‫( ﺧﺪﻣﻪ‬kidamātin katīratan) he rendered him many services;
‫( ﺧــﺪم رﻛــﺎب ﻓــﻼن‬rikāba) to be at s.o.’s beck and call; ‫ﺧــﺪم ﻣﺼــﺎﱀ ﻓــﻼن‬
(maṣāliḥa) to serve s.o.’s interests; ‫( ﺧـﺪم اﻟﻘـﺪاس‬quddāsa) to celebrate Mass
(Chr.) II to employ, hire (‫ ه‬s.o.), engage the services (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to give
work (‫ ه‬to s.o.), provide work (‫ ه‬for) X to employ, hire, take on (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ل‬
for s.th.), engage the services (‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ of s.o. for s.th.); to put in operation,
operate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a public utility); to employ, use (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for), make use,
avail o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th., ‫ ل‬for a purpose)
‫ ﺧﺪم‬kadam servants, attendants
‫ ﺧﺪﻣـﺔ‬kidma pl. ‫ ﺧـﺪم‬kidam, -āt a service (rendered); attendance, service;
Confidential
operation; office, employment, occupation, job; work |
service of s.th.; ‫ﰲ ﺧـﺪﻣﺘﻜﻢ‬ at your service;
interest of truth, for the sake of truth;

service; ‫اﳋﺪﻣـﺔ اﻻﺟﺒﺎرﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺧـﺪم ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣـﺔ ﻋﺴـﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣـﺔ ﺷـﻲء‬in the
(kidmatan) in the
('askarīya) military
(ijbārīya) conscription, compulsory service; ‫اﳋﺪﻣـﺔ‬
‫( اﻟﺴـﺮﻳﺔ‬sirrīya) secret service (pol.); ‫ ﺧﺪﻣـﺔ اﻟﻘـﺪاس‬k. al-quddās celebration of
Mass (Chr.)
‫ ﺧـﺪام‬kaddām pl. ‫ ة‬manservant, servant, attendant; woman servant, female
domestic servant, maid
‫ ﺧﺪام‬kadāma attendance, service; employment, occupation, office, job
‫ ﺧﺪام‬kaddāma pl. -āt woman servant, female domestic servant, maid
‫ ﲣـﺪﱘ‬takdīm work, occupation or duty of an employment agent (‫ﳐـﺪم‬
mukaddim see below) | ‫اﻟﺘﺨـﺪﱘ‬ ‫ ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ‬maktab at-t. labor office, employment
bureau
‫ اﺳـﺘﺨﺪام‬istikdām (putting into) operation; use, utilization; employment,
hiring (of an employee); service, occupation, position, job
‫ ﺧــﺎدم‬kādim pl. ‫ ﺧــﺪام‬kuddām, ‫ ﺧﺪﻣــﺔ‬kudama domestic servant, help;
manservant; woman servant; employee; attendant; waiter; deacon (Chr.)
395
‫ ﺧﺎدﻣـﺔ‬kādima woman servant; female domestic servant, maid; woman

attendant
‫ ﺧﺎدﻣﻴﺔ‬kādimīya status of a servant
‫ ﳐﺪوم‬makdūm pl. -ūn, ‫ ﳐﺎدﱘ‬makādīm2 master, employer
‫ ﳐﺪوﻣﺔ‬makdūma mistress, lady (of the house), woman employer
‫ ﳐﺪوﻣﻴﺔ‬makdūmīya status of the master or employer
‫ ﳐﺪم‬mukaddim pl. -ūn employment agent
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﺨﺪم‬mustakdim pl. -ūn employer; -- mustakdam (colloq. mustakdim)
pl. -ūn employee, official
‫ ﺧـﺪن‬III to befriend (‫ ه‬s.o.), make friends (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to associate
socially (‫ ه‬with)
‫ ﺧﺪن‬kidn pl. ‫ اﺧﺪان‬akdān (intimate) friend, companion, confidant
‫ ﺧﺪﻳﻦ‬kadīn (intimate) friend, companion, confidant
‫ ﺧﺪﻳﻮ‬kidīw, ‫ ﺧﺪﻳﻮي‬kudaiwī khedive
‫ ﺧﺪﻳﻮي‬kidīwī khedivial
Confidential
‫ ﺧﺬأ‬X to submit, subject o.s.
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺬئ‬mustakdi’ submissive, servile, subservient, obedient
‫ ﺧﺬروف‬kūdrūf pl. ‫ ﺧﺬارﻳﻒ‬kadārīf2 (spinning) top
‫ ﺧﺬروﰲ‬kudrūfī turbinate, toplike
‫ ﺧﺬف‬kadafa i (kadf) to hurl away (‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﳐﺬﻓﺔ‬mikdafa sling, slingshot, catapult
‫ ﺧـﺬل‬kadala u (kadl, ‫ ﺧـﺬﻻن‬kidlān) to leave, abandon, forsake, desert,
leave in the lurch (‫ ه‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o.); to stay behind; to disappoint; pass. kudila to
fail, suffer a setback, meet with disappointment III to leave, abandon,
forsake, desert, leave in the lurch (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to let up, flag, grow slack,
languish, wane, decrease, fade, grow feeble VII to be left in the lurch; to be
helpless; to be defeated; to meet with disappointment
‫ ﺧﺬل‬kidlān disappointment
‫ ﲣﺘــﺬل‬ta!:d4u.l fatigue, languor, weakness, feebleness; relaxation,
lessening of tension; disagreement, dissent, disunion
‫ اﳔﺬال‬inkidāl forsakenness, desertedness, abandonment; defeat
‫ ﺧﺬل‬mutakādil languid, weak, exhausted, spent, effete
396
‫ ﺧﺬو‬X to submit, subject o.s.

‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺬاء‬istikdā’ subservience, submissiveness, servility
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺬ‬mustakdin submissive, servile, subservient, obedient
‫ ﺧـﺮ‬karra i (‫ ﺧﺮﻳـﺮ‬karīr) to murmur, bubble, gurgle, purl (of running water);
to ripple, trickle; to snore; -- (karr, ‫ﺧـﺮور‬ kurūr) to fall, fall down, drop; to
sink to the ground, prostrate o.s. | ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬fall to the ground; ‫ﺧﺮ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‬
(baina yadaihi) he prostrated himself before him; ‫ﺧــﺮ ﲢــﺖ ﻗﺪﻣﻴــﻪ‬ (taḥta
qadmnaihi) he fell at hill feet
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﺮ‬karīr purl, murmur, ripple (of water)
‫ ﺧﺮئ‬kari’a a (‫ ﺧﺮء‬kar’) to evacuate the bowels, defecate
‫ ﺧﺮء‬kur’ and ‫ ﺧﺮاء‬karā’ excrement, feces
‫ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن‬kurāsān2 Khurasan (province in NE Iran)
1‫ ﺧـﺮب‬karaba i (karb) to destroy, wreck, demolish, shatter, devastate, lay
waste (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- kariba a (‫ ﺧـﺮاب‬karāb) to be or become destroyed, ruined,
Confidential
waste, go to ruin, fall apart, disintegrate II to devastate, lay waste, destroy,
wreck, demolish, ruin, lay in ruins (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV = II; V to be or become
destroyed, ruined, waste, go to ruin, Call apart, disintegrate
‫ ﺧﺮب‬karb destruction, devastation
‫ ﺧﺮب‬kurb hole; eye of a needle; anus
‫ ﺧ ــﺮب‬karib destroyed, demolished, wrecked, devastated, waste;
dilapidated, tumble-down, ramshackle; broken, ruined, out of order
‫ ﺧﺮﺑﺔ‬kirba pl. ‫ ﺧﺮب‬kirab (site of)
ruins; ruin, disintegrating structure
‫ ﺧﺮﺑﺔ‬karba, kurba irreligion, lawlessness
‫ ﺧﺮﺑﺔ‬kurba pl. ‫ ﺧﺮب‬kurab hole; eye of a needle; anus
‫ ﺧﺮﺑﺔ‬kariba (site of) ruins
‫ ﺧﺮاب‬karàb ruin, ruination; state of destruction or dilapidation; desolation;
(pl. ‫ اﺧﺮﺑﺔ‬akriba) (site of) ruins
‫ ﺧﺮاﺑﺔ‬karāba pl. -āt, ‫ ﺧﺮاﺋﺐ‬karā’ib2 disintegrating structure, ruin, ruins

‫ ﺧـﺮ ن‬karbān, kirbān destroyed, wrecked, demolished, devastated, waste;
ruined, broken, out of order
397
‫ ﲣﺮﻳــﺐ‬takrīb pl. -āt devastation, destruction, wrecking, demolition;

sabotage
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻞ ﲣﺮﻳﱯ‬amal takrībī act of sabotage
‫ ﺧﺎرب‬kārib annihilator, destroyer
‫ ﳐﺮب‬mukarrib pl. -ūn annihilator, destroyer; saboteur
‫ ﳐﺮب‬mukrib annihilator, destroyer
2‫ ﺧـﺮوب‬karrūb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬carob, locust; carob bean, locust pod, St.-
John’s-bread
‫ ﺧﺮوﺑﺔ‬karrūba pl. -āt kharouba, a dry measure (Eg.; = 1/16 291. = ‫ ﻗﺪح‬l)
‫ ﺧﺮﺑﺶ‬karbaša to scratch; to scrawl, scribble
‫ ﺧﺮﺑﻮش‬karbuš pl. ‫ ﺧﺮاﺑﻴﺶ‬karābīš (syr.) tent
O ‫ ﳐﺮﺑﺸﺎت‬mukarbašāt graffiti
‫ ﺧﺮﺑﻂ‬karbaṭa to throw into disorder, disarrange, confuse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧﺮﺑﻖ‬karbaqa to perforate, riddle (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to spoil, mar (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧﺮﺑﻖ‬karbaq hellebore (bot.)
Confidential
‫ ﺧﺮت‬karata u (kart) to pierce, bore, perforate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), make a hole (‫ ﻫـ‬in)
‫ ﺧﺮت‬kurt, kart pl. ‫ اﺧﺮات‬akrāt, ‫ ﺧﺮوت‬kurūt hole; bore, drill hole; ring, eye,
eyelet
‫ ﺣﺮﻳﺖ‬kirrīt experienced, practiced, skilled; guide
‫ ﺧﺮﺗﻴﺖ‬kartīt rhinoceros
‫ ﺧـﺮج‬karaja u (‫ ﺧـﺮوج‬kurūj) to go out, walk out; to come out (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of),
emerge (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to drive or ride out, go out (in a vehicle); to flow out,
exude, effuse; to go away, depart, leave, retire; to protrude, project, stick
out; to leave (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to dismount, alight, disembark (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), get out,
step out (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of); to emanate, issue, arise, originate, result (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to draw
away, segregate, separate, secede, dissent (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), disagree (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with); to
deviate, depart (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬from an arrangement, from a principle); to be an
exception (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to); to be outside a given subject (‫)ﻋﻦ‬, go beyond a topic (‫)ﻋﻦ‬,
exceed (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬a topic); to be alien (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to), be extraneous (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), not to
belong (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to), be not included (‫ ﻋﻦ‬in), have nothing to do with ( ‫ﻻ ﳜﺮج‬ ;(‫ﻋﻦ‬
398
‫ ﻋـﻦ‬it is limited to ..., it is nothing but ... ; to go forth (into battle); to attack
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.), rise, fight (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to rebel, revolt (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to
violate, break, infringe (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a rule, a regulation); ‫ ﺧـﺮج ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ب‬to come up to
s.o. with …, confront s.o. with ... ; to get out, bring out, take out (‫ ب‬s.o.); to
turn out, oust, dislodge (‫ ب‬s.o.); to lead away, dissuade (‫ ﻋﻦ ب‬s.o. from); to
find out, discover (‫ ب‬s.th.) |‫اﳋـﻂ‬ ‫( ﺧـﺮج ﻋـﻦ‬kaṭṭ) to be derailed, run off the
track (train) II to move out, take out, dislodge (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn out,
oust, expel, evict, drive out (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to remove, eliminate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to exclude, except (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to train (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬in a skill, and the like);
to educate, bring up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distill (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pull out, extract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to gather, deduce, infer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to explain, interpret, expound, elucidate (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.) IV to move out, take out, get out, bring out, dislodge (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to unload (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), disembark, detrain, etc. (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., troops); to turn out,
Confidential
oust (‫ ه‬s.o.); to emit, send out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., electric waves); to stick out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
e.g., the tongue); to fish out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from the pocket); to bring out into the
open, make public (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to remove, extract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to eliminate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to expel, evict, exile, expatriate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻣــﻦ‬ from a country); to
dismiss, fire, remove (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from an office); ‫ﺛﺮوﺗـﻪ‬ ‫( اﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬tarwatihī) to

rob s.o. of his property, dispossess, expropriate s.o.; to give off, sound, emit
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a tone; said of a musical instrument); to set forth, state,
express, utter, voice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an opinion); to break (‫ رﳛـﺎ‬rīḥan wind); to educate,
bring up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to train (‫ ه‬s.o.); to stage, produce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a play; theat.); to
bring out, make, shoot (‫ رواﻳـﺔ‬riwāyatan a film, said of a director); to except,
exclude (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to pull out, extract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to select (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V
to be educated; to be trained (‫ ﰲ‬in a school, college, also ‫ ﻣـﻦ; ﰲ‬in a field);
to graduate (‫ ﰲ‬from a school, from a college, also ‫ )ﻣـﻦ‬VI to part company,
separate; to disengage, disassociate, withdraw from one another; to cede,
assign, transfer, make over (‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ل‬ s.th. to s.o.) X to get out, move out,
399
remove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to take out, draw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to pull out,
extract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to mine, extract, recover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬mineral resources); to
win, gain, make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a product, ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to copy, excerpt (A s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from a
book or document); to derive, draw, deduce, figure out, compute (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.
from); to elicit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., astonishment, ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ from s.o.); to find out,
discover (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧﺮج‬karj expenditure, outlay, expense(s), costs; land tax; s.th. appropriate
or suitable, that which is s.o.’s due, which s.o. deserves, which s.o. needs;
(eg.) ration (food); (pl. ‫ ﺧﺮوﺟﺎت‬kurūjāat) trimming; edge, edging, piping; pl.
lace; trimmings |‫ﺧﺮاﺟـﻚ‬ ‫ ﻫـﺬا‬that’s what you need, what you deserve; ‫ﺧـﺮج‬
‫ اﳌﺸﻨﻘﺔ‬k. al-mašnaqa one who deserves to be hanged
‫ ﺧﺮج‬kurj pl. ‫ ﺧﺮﺟﺔ‬kiraja saddlebag, portmanteau
‫ ﺧﺮﺟﺔ‬karja pl. karajāt exit, departure; protrusion, protuberance, projection,
salient part; (eg.) funeral
Confidential
‫ ﺧﺮاج‬karāj tax; kharaj, land tax (Isl. Law)
‫ ﺧﺮاﺟـﻲ‬karājī of or pertaining to land tax; of or pertaining to the taxed and
cultivable area
‫ ﺧﺮج‬kurāj (coll.; n. un. ‫ة‬, pl. -āt) skin eruption; tumor, abscess
‫ ﺧـﺮوج‬kurūj exit; egression, emergence; departure; exodus; emigration;
raid,
foray, sortie (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against), attack, assault (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) | ‫( ﺧـﺮوج ﻋـﻦ اﳋـﻂ‬kaṭṭ)
derailment (of a train)
‫ ﺧـﺮﻳﺞ‬kirrīj pl. -ūn graduate (of a school, college, or university) | ‫ﻣـﺆﲤﺮ‬
‫ اﳋـﺮﳚﲔ اﻟﻌـﺮب‬mu’tamar al-k. al-‘arab Congress of Arab Graduates (a supra-
national organization of university graduates advocating a unified Arab
world)
‫ ﳐـﺮج‬makraj pl. ‫ ﳐـﺎرج‬makārij2 (place of) exit; way out (of a difficult
situation), outlet, escape, loophole, shift, dodge, excuse; articulation (of a
sound); O cathode (el.) |‫اﳊﺮوف‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻢ ﳐﺎرج‬phonetics
‫ ﲣـﺮﻳﺞ‬takrīj education, training (in schools, colleges); raising, upbringing,
rearing (of children); extraction; derivation, deduction; interpretation,
exegesis
400
‫ اﺧـﺮاج‬ikrāj taking out, moving out, removal; unloading, disembarkment,

detrainment; emission; moving, carting away, hauling off; evacuation;
publication, publicizing, bringing before the public; extraction, removal;
elimination; dismissal, removal (from an office); ousting, expulsion,
eviction, expatriation, banishment (from a country); excretion (biol.);
finding out, discovery, figuring out; training, formation, education;
direction, production, staging (motion pictures, theater) |‫اﻻﺧﺮاج‬ ‫( ﺗﻮﱃ‬tawallā)
to have the, direction (motion pictures, theater); ‫ﻣـﻦ اﺧـﺮاج‬ ... directed by
(motion picture)
‫ ﲣﺮج‬takarruj graduation (from a school or college)
‫ ﲣ ــﺎرج‬takāruj separation, disassociation, disengagement, (mutual)
withdrawal
‫ اﺳ ــﺘﺨﺮاج‬istikrāj taking out, moving out, pulling out, removal;
withdrawing; extraction, derivation, gaining (of industrial products, etc.),
mining, recovery (of mineral resources); preparation of an extract;
excerpting, copying; deduction, inference; solution (of a problem)
‫ ﺧـﺎرج‬kārij outer, outside, outward, exterior; external, foreign j outside,
exterior (n.); foreign country or countries; quotient (arith.); karija (prep.)
Confidential
outside, out of ‫ ﺧﺎرﺟـﺎ‬kārijan outside |‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ ﺧﺎرﺟـﺎ‬outside of, apart from; ‫ﰲ‬
‫اﳋـﺎرج‬ abroad, in foreign countries; outside; ‫اﱃ اﳋـﺎرج‬ abroad, to foreign
countries; to the outside, outward, out
‫ اﳋﺎرﺟﺔ‬El Khārga (town in central Egypt, in Khārga oasis)
‫ ﺧــﺎرﺟﻲ‬kārijī outer, out- (in compounds), outside, outward, exterior,
external; foreign; nonresident |‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻴـﺎدة‬ (‘iyāda) policlinic; ‫وزارة ﺧﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ‬
ministry of foreign (external) affairs, foreign ministry; ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬ ‫( ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺬ‬tilmīd) a
student not living at a boarding school, a day student
‫ ﺧـﻮارج‬kawārij2 the Khawarij, Kharijites (the oldest religious sect of
Islam); dissenters, dissidents, backsliders, rebels
‫ ﳐﺮج‬mukrij pl. -ūn (screen or stage) director
‫ ﳐﺮج‬mukraj excerpt, extract (from a book); ‫ ﳐﺮﺟﺎت‬excretions (biol.)
‫ ﻣﺘﺨﺮج‬mutakarrij pl. -ūn graduate (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬of a school or college)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮج‬mustakraj pl. -āt extract; excerpt (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from), partial copy (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
‫ ﺧﺮﺧﺮ‬karkara to snore
1‫ ﺧﺮد‬karida a to be a virgin, be untouched, innocent, chaste
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﺪة‬karida pl. ‫ ﺧﺮاﺋﺪ‬karā’id2, ‫ ﺧﺮد‬kurud virgin; unbored pearl
401
2‫ ﺧــﺮدة‬kurda scrap metal, scrap iron; pl. ‫ﺧــﺮدوات‬ kardawāt notions,

smallwares; small goods, smalls, miscellaneous small articles; (eg. also)
novelties, fancy goods for ladies
‫ ﺧﺮدﺟﻲ‬kurdajī dealer in miscellaneous smallwares
‫ ﺧﺮدق‬kurdaq, kurduq small shot, buckshot
‫ ﺧﺮدل‬kardal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬mustard seeds; mustard
‫ ﺧﺮز‬karaza I u to pierce, bore (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧﺮز‬karaz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pearls
‫ ﳐﺮز‬mikraz pl. ‫ ﳐﺎرز‬makāriz2 awl; punch
‫ ﳐﺮاز‬mikrāz awl; punch
1 ‫ ﺧـﺮس‬karisa a (karas) to be dumb mute; to become silent, keep silent,
hold one’s tongue IV to silence, reduce to silence, gag (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺧﺮس‬karas dumbness, muteness
‫ اﺧﺮس‬akras2, f. ‫ ﺧﺮﺳﺎء‬karsā’2 pl. ‫ ﺧﺮس‬kurs, ‫ ﺧﺮﺳﺎن‬kursān dumb, mute
‫ ﺧﺮﺳﺎن‬karsān2 dumb, mute
Confidential
2 ‫ﺧﺮﺳــﺎن‬ karasān, ‫ﺧﺮﺳــﺎﻧﺔ‬ karasāna concrete (béton) |O
(musallaḥa) armored (or reinforced) concrete
‫ ﺧﺮﺷﻮف‬kuršūf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺧﺮاﺷﻴﻒ‬karāšīf artichoke
‫ﺧﺮﺳــﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴــﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ ﺧـﺮص‬karaṣa u (karṣ) to guess estimate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to conjecture, surmise (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.), form conjectures (‫ ﻫ ـ‬about); to tell an untruth, a falsehood, to lie V to
fabricate lies (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against s.o.); to raise false accusations (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against s.o.)
‫ ﺧﺮص‬kirṣ, kurṣ, pl. ‫ ﺧﺮﺻﺎن‬kirṣān, kurṣān earring
‫ ﺧﺮاص‬karrāṣ pl. -ūn Ii&!', slanderer, calumniator
‫ ﺧﺮط‬karaṭa u i (karṭ) to pull off, strip (‫ ﻫـ‬leaves from a tree); to turn, lathe,
shape with a lathe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬wood, metal); to exaggerate, boast, brag, lie; -- u (eg.)
to cut into small pieces; to mince, chop, dice (‫ ﻫـ‬meat, carrots, etc.) II (eg.) to
cut into small pieces, mince, chop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VII to be turned. be lathed. be
shaped with a lathe; to join, enter (‫ﺳـﻠﻚ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬,‫ﰲ‬ fī silk an organization, a

community), affiliate (‫ﺳـﻠﻚ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬,‫ﰲ‬ with an organization, a community); to
402
penetrate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th. or into); to plunge headlong (‫ ﰲ‬into), embark rashly (‫ﰲ‬

upon); to labor, slave, toil |‫اﻟﺒﻜﺎء‬ ‫( اﳔﺮط ﰲ‬bukā’) to break into tears
‫ ﺧــﺮط‬karṭ pulling-off (of leaves); ‫ دون ذﻟــﻚ ﺧــﺮط اﻟﻘﺘــﺎد‬see ‫دون‬ turning,
turnery
‫ ﺧﺮاط‬karrāṭ pl. -ūn turner, lather; braggart, bluffer, storyteller
‫ ﺧﺮاﻃﺔ‬kirāṭa turner’s trade, turnery, art of turning
‫ ﺧﺮاﻃﺔ‬karrāta skirt (syr.)
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ‬karīṭa pl. ‫ ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬karā’iṭ, ‫ ﺧﺮط‬kuruṭ map, chart
‫ ﳐﺮﻃﺔ‬mikraṭa, makraṭa pl. ‫ ﳐﺎرط‬makāriṭ2 lathe
‫ ﺧﺎرﻃﺔ‬kāriṭa pl. -āt map, chart
‫ ﳐﺮوط‬makrūṭ cone (math.); conic
‫ ﳐﺮوﻃﻲ‬makrūṭī conic
‫ ﺧﺮﻃـﻮش‬karṭūš, ‫ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﺷـﺔ‬karṭūša pl. ‫ ﺧـﺮاﻃﻴﺶ‬karāṭīš 2 cartridge; lead (of a
pencil); cartouche (arch.); daybook
‫ ﺧﺮﻃﺎل‬karṭāl oats
Confidential
‫ ﺧﺮﻃﻮم‬karṭūm pl. ‫ ﺧﺮاﻃﻴﻢ‬karāṭīm2 proboscis, trunk (of the elephant); hose
‫ اﳋﺮﻃﻮم‬al-karṭūm Khartoum (capital of the Sudanese Republic)
‫ ﺧﺮاﻃﲔ‬karāṭīn2 a kind of earthworm
‫ ﺧﺮاﻃﻴﲏ‬karāṭīnī wormlike, vermiform
‫ ﺧﺮﻃﻴﻂ‬karṭīṭ rhinoceros
‫ ﺧـﺮع‬karu‘a u (kur‘, ‫ ﺧﺮاﻋـﺔ‬kurā‘a) and kari‘a a (kara‘) to droop, be or
become slack, limp, flabby; to be or become languid, soft, spineless,
yielding VII do. VIII to invent, devise, contrive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to create. originate
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧـﺮع‬kari‘ and ‫ ﺧﺮﻳـﻊ‬karī‘ soft, languid, yielding, spineless, devoid of
energy, nerveless
‫ ﺧﺮوع‬kirwa‘ castor-oil plant, palma Christi (Ricinus communis; bot.)
‫ اﺧﱰاع‬iktirā‘ pl. -āt invention
‫ ﳐﱰع‬muktari‘ pl. -ūn inventor
‫ ﳐﱰع‬muktara‘ pl. -at invention
403
‫ ﺧـﺮف‬karifa a (karaf) to dote, be senile and feeble-minded; to drivel, talk

foolishly
‫ ﺧـﺮف‬karaf feeble-mindedness, dotage, senility; childishness (of an old
man)
‫ ﺧﺮف‬karif and ‫ ﺧﺮﻓﺎن‬karfān feeble- minded, doting; childish; dotard
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﻒ‬karīf autumn, fall
‫ ﺧﺮﻳﻔﻲ‬karīfī autumnal
‫ ﺧـﺮوف‬karūf pl. ‫ ﺧـﺮاف‬kirāf, ‫ اﺧﺮﻓـﺔ‬akrifa, ‫ ﺧﺮﻓـﺎن‬kirfān young sheep, lamb,
yearling; wether
‫ ﺧﺮاﻓﺔ‬kurāfa pl. -āt superstition; fable, fairy tale
‫ ﺧﺮاﰲ‬kurāfī fabulous, fictitious, legendary
‫ ﳐﺮﻓﺔ‬makrafa prattle, drivel, twaddle, bosh
‫ ﲣﺮﻳﻒ‬takrīf folly, delusion; foolish talk, drivel, twaddle, bosh, buncombe
‫ ﳐـﺮف‬mukarrif childish, foolish; (pl. -ūn) prattler, chatterbox, windbag;
charlatan
‫ ﺧﺮﻓﺶ‬kartaša to shuffle, mix (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﺧﺮﻓﻮﺷـﺔ‬karfūša pl. ‫ ﺧـﺮاﻓﻴﺶ‬karāfīš2 card of low value, discard (in card
playing)
‫ ﺧـﺮق‬karaqa I u (karq) to tear, rend, tear apart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make a hole (‫ﻫ ـ‬
in); to perforate, pierce, bore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to penetrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), break, pass (‫ﻫ ـ‬
through s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., a country); to violate,

impair, infringe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), encroach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬upon); to break (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a vow, and the
like), commit a breach of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to exceed the ordinary, be unusual,
extraordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of |‫اﻟﻌـﺎدة‬ ‫ ﺧـﺮق‬to go beyond what is

ordinary or customary IV to lurk, lie in wait V and VII to be torn, be rent, be
pierced, be broken VIII to pierce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cut, break, pass' (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through
s.th.), penetrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), travel through
s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to exceed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a limit), go beyond s.th. (‫ﻣﺴـﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻫ ـ( |اﺧـﱰق‬
(masāmi‘ahū) to shrill in s.o.’s ears
‫ ﺧــﺮق‬karq tearing, rending, laceration; piercing, boring, perforation;
penetration; disruption; breakthrough; traversion, crossing, transit; violation,
breach; (pl. ‫ ﺧﺮوق‬kurūq) hole, aperture, opening |‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ ﺧﺮق اﻷﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ‬k. al-amn
404
al-‘āmm violation of public security; ‫ ﺧـﺮق اﻟﻌـﺎدة‬offense against common

usage, violation of mores; ‫( اﺗﺴـﻊ اﳋـﺮق ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺮاﻗـﻊ‬ittasa‘a) the rent is beyond
repair
‫ ﺧـﺮق‬kurq and ‫ ﺧﺮﻗـﺔ‬kurqa awkwardness, clumsiness; stupidity | ‫ﺧـﺮق ﰲ‬
‫( اﻟـﺮأي‬ra’y) stupidity; folly, madness; ‫ ﻣـﻦ اﳋـﺮق ﰲ اﻟـﺮأي ان‬... it would be very
unwise to ...
‫ ﺧﺮﻗـﺔ‬kirqa pl. ‫ ﺧـﺮق‬kiraq tatter, shred; rag; scrap (of paper); polishing
cloth; eraser (cloth)
‫ اﺧـﺮق‬akraq2 f. ‫ ﺧﺮﻗـﺎء‬karqā’2, pl. ‫ ﺧـﺮق‬kurq clumsy, awkward; stupid;
irregular; illegal, illicit, unlawful
‫ ﳐﺮﻗــﺔ‬makraqa trickery, sleight of hand, legerdemain, hocus-pocus,
swindle
‫ ﳐﺎرق‬makāriq2 a kind of pastry (tun.)
‫ اﺧﱰاق‬iktirāq penetration; piercing, disruption; traversion, crossing, transit
‫ ﺧـﺎرق‬kāriq and (‫ ﻟﻠﻌـﺎدة‬or) ‫ ﺧـﺎرق اﻟﻌـﺎدة‬exceeding the customary, unusual,
‫ ﺧـﻮارق‬kawāriq2 preternatural
Confidential
extraordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of; pl.
phenomena. miracles; that which transcends the conceivable or the rational |
‫ﺧــﺎرق اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌــﺔ‬ supernatural; ‫ﺧ ـﻮارق اﳌﺼــﺎدﻓﺎت‬ k. al-muṣādafāt miraculous
coincidences
‫ ﳐﱰق‬muktaraq passage, passageway
‫ ﺧﺮم‬karama i (karm) and II to pierce (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), make a hole or holes (‫ ﻫـ‬in);
to perforate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VII to be pierced, be riddled, be torn; to be deranged,
unsettled, disorganized; to come to an end, run out, peter out, get lost VIII to
destroy, annihilate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to carry off, carry away (‫ ه‬s.o., of death); to
break (‫ اﻟﺼﻔﻮف‬the ranks), pass through s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬
‫ ﺧﺮم‬karm pl. ‫ ﺧﺮوم‬kurūm gap, blank (e.g., in a manuscript, or the like)

‫ ﺧﺮم‬kurm hole | ‫ ﺧﺮم اﻻﺑﺮة‬k. al-ibra eye of the needle
‫ ﺧﺮاﻣﺔ‬karāma drill, bit, auger, gimlet; punch, perforator
‫ ﺧﺮم‬akram2 having a perforated nasal septum
‫ ﲣـﺮﱘ‬takrīm piercing, boring, drilling; perforation; punching; lace-making,
lace-work
‫ ﲣﺮﳝﺔ‬takrīma lace, lace-work, openwork, filigree
405
‫ اﳔ ـﺮام‬inkirām state of unsettlement, disturbance, disorganization,

derangement |‫اﻟﺘﻮازن‬ ‫( اﳔﺮام ﰲ‬tawāzun) disturbance of equilibrium
‫ ﳐﺮوم‬makrūm defective, incomplete (e.g., a manuscript)
‫ ﳐﺮم‬mukarram perforated; done in openwork, in filigree
‫ ﺧﺮﻣﺎﺷﺔ‬kurmāša pl. -āt (ir.) harrow
‫ ﺧﺮﻧﻮب‬kurnūb carob, locust; carob bean, locust pod, St.-John’s-bread
‫ ﺧﺮﻧﻖ‬kirniq pl. ‫ ﺧﺮاﻧﻖ‬karāniq2 young hare, leveret
‫ ﺧﺮوع‬kirwa‘ castor-oil plant, palma Christi (Ricinus communis; bot.)
1 ‫ ﺧـﺰ‬kazza u to pierce, transfix (‫ ه‬s.o.); to stab (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬with) VIII to
pierce, transfix (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬with)
2‫ ﺧﺰ‬pl. ‫ ﺧﺰوز‬kuzūz silk fabric
1‫ ﺧﺰر‬kazara uto look askance (‫ ه‬at s.o.), give s.o. (‫ )ه‬a sidelong glance
2‫اﳋﺰر‬ ‫ ﲝﺮ‬baḥr al-kazar the Caspian Sea

‫ ﺧﻴﺰران‬kaizurān pl. ‫ ﺧﻴﺎزر‬kayāzir2 cane, reed; rattan; bamboo
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻴﺰراﻧﺔ‬kaizurāna cane, stick
‫ ﺧﺰع‬kaza‘a a (kaz‘) to cut, sever (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧﺰﻋﺒﻞ‬kuza‘bal idle talk, bosh
‫ ﺧﺰﻋﺒﻞ‬kuza‘bala pl. -āt idle talk, bosh; joke, jest, hoax; fib, yarn; cock and
bull story
‫ ﺧﺰف‬kazaf pottery, earthenware; porcelain, china; ceramics
‫ ﺧﺰﰲ‬kazafī (made of) porcelain; porcelaneous, porcelain, china (adj.)
‫ ﺧﺰاف‬kazzāf dealer in chinaware; potter
‫ ﺧﺰاﻓﺔ‬kizāfa potter’s trade, pottery
‫ ﺧـﺰق‬kazaqa i to pierce, stab, transfix (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to drive, ram ‫ﻫ ـ ﰲ‬
‫ اﻷرض‬s.th. into the ground); to tear, rend, rip apart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to tear, rend,
rip apart (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V and VII pass of I and II
‫ ﺧﺰق‬kazq rip, rent, tear, hole (in a garment)
‫ ﺧـﺎزوق‬kāzūq pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮازق‬kawāziq2 post, stake, pole; dirty trick |‫ﻫـﺬا ﺧـﺎزوق‬
that’s tough luck!
2‫ ﺧﻮزق‬look up alphabetically
406
‫ ﺧـﺰل‬kazala i (kazl) to cut off, sever (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hinder, prevent, hold

back, restrain, keep (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) VIII to cut off, cut short, end abruptly
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to shorten, abridge, abbreviate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stand alone (‫ ب‬with an
opinion)
‫ اﺧﺘﺰال‬iktizāl abridgment, abbreviation; shorthand, stenography
‫ ﳐﺘﺰل‬muktazil stenographer
‫ ﺧـﺰم‬kazama i (kazm) to string, thread (‫ ﻫ ـ‬pearls) | ‫( ﺧـﺰم اﻧﻔـﻪ‬anfahū) to
pierce the nasal septum (of a camel) and insert the nose ring for the bridle;
to make s.o. subservient to one’s will
‫ ﺧﺰام‬kizām, ‫ ﺧﺰاﻣﺔ‬kizāma pl. ‫ ﺧﺰاﺋﻢ‬kazā’im2 nose ring
‫ ﺧﺰاﻣﻰ‬kuzāmā lavender (bot.)
‫ ﺧـﺰن‬kazana u (kazn) to store, stock, lay up, hoard, amass, accumulate; to
keep secret, keep (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a secret) II and VIII to store, stock, lay up, warehouse
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to store up, accumulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to dam (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to put in

safekeeping, keep (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﺧ ــﺰن‬kazn storing; accumulation, hoarding, amassing; storage,
warehousing
‫ ﺧﺰﻧﺔ‬kazna treasure house; safe, coffer, vault; wardrobe, locker; cupboard
‫ ﺧﺰاﻧـﺔ‬kizāna pl. -āt, ‫ ﺧـﺰاﺋﻦ‬kazā’in2 treasure house; vault, coffer, safe;
treasury, treasury department (of an official agency), any office for the
deposit and disbursement of funds; locker, wardrobe, closet; cupboard;
library |‫اﻟﺪوﻟــﺔ‬
‫ ﺧﺰاﻧــﺔ‬k. ad-daula and ‫‘( ﺧﺰاﻧــﺔ ﻋﺎﻣــﺔ‬āmma) public treasury,
exchequer; ‫ ﺧﺰاﻧـﺔ اﻟـﺜﻠﺞ‬k. at-talj icebox, refrigerator; ‫ ﺧﺰاﻧـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ‬k. al-kutub
bookcase; library; ‫ﺧﺰاﻧــﺔ ﺧﺼﻮﺻــﻴﺔ‬ (kuṣūṣīya) private library; ‫ﺧﺰاﻧــﺔ اﳌﻼﺑــﺲ‬

wardrobe, closet, locker
‫ ﺧﺰﻳﻨـﺔ‬kazīna pl. ‫ ﺧـﺰاﺋﻦ‬kazā’in2 treasure house; public treasury, exchequer;
treasury, treasury department (of an official agency), any office for the
deposit and disbursement of funds; cashier’s office; vault, coffer, safe;
cashbox, till (of a merchant) | ‫اﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫( اﳋﺰﻳﻨﺔ‬kāṣṣa) (formerly) the Royal Privy
Purse (Ir.); ‫ ﺧﺰﻳﻨـﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬k. ad-daula public treasury, exchequer; ,‫ﺧﺰﻳﻨـﺔ راﺻـﺪة‬
‫ ﺧﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻘﻮد راﺻﺪة‬cash register
407
‫ ﺧـﺰان‬kuzzān pl. -āt, ‫ ﺧـﺰازﻳﻦ‬kazāzīn2 dam; reservoir; basin, sump, pool;

storage tank (also for oil); - (pl. -ūn) storehouseman, warehouseman
‫ ﳐـﺰن‬makzan pl. ‫ ﳐـﺎزن‬makāzin2 storeroom, storehouse; depository; stock-
room, storage room; depot, magazine, warehouse; store, shop, department
store; ‫ اﳌﺨـﺰن‬al-makzan the Makhzan, the Moroccan government (formerly:
govemmental finance department; Mor.) | ‫ ﳐﺰن ادوﻳﺔ‬m. adwiya drugstore; ‫ﳐﺰن‬
‫ اﻻﺻـﺪار‬m. al-iṣdār shipping room (com.); ‫ ﳐـﺰن اﻟﻌﻔـﺶ‬m. al-‘afš trunk (of an
automobile)
‫ ﳐــﺰﱐ‬makzanī being under government control or administration.
belonging to the government (Mor.) |‫ﳐﺰﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫اﻣـﻼك‬ (amlāk) government land
(Mor.)
‫ ﳐﺎزﱐ‬makāzinī pl. -īya native gendarme (Mor.)
‫ ﳐـﺎزن‬makāzin2, ‫ ﳐـﺎزن اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬m. aṭ-ṭarīq the nearest, shortest way, a short
cut
‫ ﳐﺰﳒﻲ‬makzanjī storehouseman, warehouseman
‫ ﺧﺰﻧﺪار‬kazandār, kaznadār treasurer
Confidential
‫ ﲣـﺰﻳﻦ‬takzīn storage, storing, warehousing; storing up, accumulation;
damming
‫ ﺧﺎزن‬kāzin pl. ‫ ﺧﺰﻧﺔ‬kazana, ‫ ﺧﺰان‬kuzzān treasurer
‫ ﳐـﺰون‬makzūn stored, stored up, deposited, warehoused; (pl. -āt) stock,
supply, stock in trade
‫ ﺧـﺰي‬kaziya a (kizy, kazan) to be or become base, vile, despicable,
contemptible; (‫ ﺧﺰاﻳـﺔ‬kazāya) to be ashamed (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); -- kazā i to disgrace,
dishonor, discredit, put to shame (‫ ه‬s.o.); to shame, abash, embarrass (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to humiliate, degrade, dishonor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to shame, put to shame (‫ه‬
s.o.) X to be ashamed
‫ ﺧـﺰى‬kizy, kazan shame, disgrace, ignominy |‫ ! ﻟﻠﺨـﺰى‬yā la-l-kazā what a
shame!
‫ ﺧـﺰ ن‬kazayān2 f. ‫ ﺧـﺰ‬kazyā, pl. ‫ ﺧـﺰا‬kazāya ashamed, shamefaced,
abashed; shameful, disgraceful, scandalous, infamous, base, mean, vile
‫ ﳐـﺰاة‬makzāh pl. ‫ ﳐـﺎز‬makāzin a shameful thing, a disgrace; reason for
shame; pl. shameful things, disgraceful acts, infamies
408
‫ ﳐــﺰي‬makzīy ashamed, shamefaced, abashed; embarrassed, confused;

‫ اﳌﺨﺰي‬the Devil
‫ ﳐﺰ‬mukzin disgraceful, shameful, scandalous, infamous
‫ ﳐﺰﻳﺔ‬mukziya pl. -at disgraceful act, infamy
‫ ﺧـﺲ‬kassa (1st pers. perf. kasistu) a (‫ ﺧﺴـﺔ‬kissa, ‫ ﺧﺴﺎﺳـﺔ‬kasāsa) to be
mean, base, vile; to become less, decrease, diminish, depreciate, fall in
value; -- kassa u to lessen, reduce, diminish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to lessen, reduce,
diminish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧﺲ‬kass lettuce (Lactuca sativa; bot.)
‫ ﺧﺲ‬kassa (n. un.) head of lettuce
‫ ﺧﺲ‬kissa and ‫ ﺧﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬kasāsa meanness, baseness, vileness
‫ ﺧﺴــﻴﺲ‬kasīs pl. ‫ اﺧﺴــﺎء‬akissā’2 mean, base, low, vile, despicable,
contemptible, miserable
‫ ﺧﺴﻴﺴﺔ‬kasīsa pl. ‫ ﺧﺴﺎﺋﺲ‬kasā’is mean trick, infamy
‫ ﺧﺴـﺄ‬kasa’a a (kas’) to chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ‫ ﺧﺴـﺊ‬kasi’a a to be driven
Confidential
away, make off |‫ ﺧﺴﺌﺖ‬kasi’ta beat it! scram! ‫اﻟﻴﻚ‬
‫ اﺧﺴﺄ‬aksa’2 baser, meaner, more despicable; weaker
‫ اﺧﺴﺄ‬iksa’ ilaika do.
‫ ﺧﺎﺳــﺊ‬kāsi’ spurned, rejected, outcast; low, base, vulgar, despicable,

contemptible; disgraceful, shameful, scandalous, infamous; futile, vain
(attempt); weak, feeble, languid
‫ ﺧﺴﺘﻜﺔ‬kastaka indisposition
‫ ﳐﺴﺘﻚ‬mukastak indisposed, unwell, sickly
‫ ﺧﺴـﺮ‬kasara a (kusr, ‫ ﺧﺴـﺎر‬kasār, ‫ ﺧﺴـﺎرة‬kasāra, ‫ ﺧﺴـﺮان‬kusrān) to incur a
loss, suffer damage; to lose, forfeit (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to go astray, lose one’s way, get
lost; to perish II to cause loss or damage (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o.); to do harm (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
destroy, ruin (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.); to corrupt, deprave (‫ ه‬s.o.)
IV to cause a loss (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to shorten, cut, reduce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to grudge

(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th.), envy s.o. (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ )ﰲ‬the possession of (‫)ﻫـ‬
‫ ﺧﺴﺮ‬kur loss, damage
‫ ﺧﺴـﺮان‬kusrān loss, damage, forfeiture; decline, deterioration; depravity,
profligacy
409
‫ ﺧﺴـﺎرة‬kasāra pl. ‫ ﺧﺴـﺎﺋﺮ‬kasā’ir2 loss, damage; pl. losses, casualties (‫ ﰲ‬in;

mil.) | ‫ﺧﺴﺎرة‬ what a pity! too bad!
‫ ﺧﺴﺮان‬kusrān (eg.) loser; affected by damage or loss
‫ ﺧﺎﺳـﺮ‬kāsir lost, hopeless; involving substantial losses; loser; depraved,
corrupted; profligate, disreputable person, scoundrel
‫ ﳐﺴﺮ‬mukassir causing damage, harmful, noxious, injurious, detrimental
‫ ﺧﺴـﻒ‬kašafa i (kasf, ‫ ﺧﺴـﻮف‬kusūf) to sink, sink down, give way, cave in,
disappear, go down; to be eclipsed (moon); -- i (kasf) to cause to sink, cause
to give way | ‫ ﺧﺴـﻒ ﷲ ﺑـﻪ اﻷرض‬k. llāh bihī l-arḍa God made him sink into
the ground, God made the ground swallow him up VII to sink, sink down,
go down
‫ ﺧﺴـﻒ‬kasf baseness, ignominy, disgrace, shame; inferiority | ‫ﺳـﺎم ﺧﺴـﻔﺎ‬
sāma kasfan to humiliate, abase, degrade (.s.o.)
‫ ﺧﺴﻮف‬kusūf occultation (astron.); lunar eclipse
‫ ﺧﺶ‬kašša i u (kašš) to enter (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧﺸﺎش‬kišāš vermin, insects
Confidential
‫ ﺧﺸـﺐ‬II to lignify, become woody or woodlike; to line, face or cue with
wood, to panel, wainscot (8 ‫ﻫـ‬.tb.) V to lignify, become woody or woodlike;
to become bard, still, firm, rigid; to stiffen, freeze (e.g., with panic)
‫ ﺧﺸـﺐ‬kašab pl. ‫ ﺧﺸـﺐ‬akšāb wood, lumber, timber |‫ ﺧﺸـﺐ اﻷﻧﺒﻴـﺎء‬k. al-
anbiyā’ guaiacum wood, lignum vitae
‫ ﺧﺸـﺒﺔ‬kašaba pl. –āt, ‫ اﺧﺸـﺎب‬akšāb piece of wood; a timber; pale, post;
plank, board |‫اﳌﻴـﺖ‬ ‫ ﺧﺸـﺐ‬al-mayyit coffin; ‫ ﺧﺸـﺒﺔ اﳌﺴـﺮح‬al-masraḥ stage (of a
theater), ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺸﺒﺔ اﳌﺴﺮح‬on the “boards”
‫ ﺧﺸـﱯ‬kašabī wooden, woody, ligneous, made of wood; timber-, lumber-
(in compounds)
‫ ﺧﺸﺎب‬kaššāb pl. ‫ ة‬lumber merchant
‫ ﲣﺸﻴﺐ‬takšīb paneling, wainscoting
‫ ﲣﺸﻴﺒﺔ‬takšība pl. -āt, ‫ ﲣﺎﺷﻴﺐ‬takāšīib2 barrack, wooden shed
‫ ﲣﺸﺐ‬takaššub stiffness, rigor, rigidity; stiffening
‫ ﻣﺘﺨﺸﺐ‬mutakaššib frozen, rigid; stiff, bard, firm
‫ ﺧﺸﺖ‬kušt pl. ‫ ﺧﺸﻮت‬kušūt javelin
410
1‫ ﺧﺸﺨﺎش‬kaškāš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺧﺸﺎﺧﻴﺶ‬kašākīš2 poppy
‫ ﺧﺸﺨﺶ‬kaškša to clank, clatter, rattle; to rustle

‫ ﺧﺸﺨﺸﺔ‬kaškaša pl. -āt noise; clank, clatter, rattle; rustle, rustling; crash
‫ )ﺧﺸﺨﺸﻴﺔ )= ﺷﺨﺸﻴﺨﺔ‬rattle (toy)
‫ ﺧﺸـﺎرة‬kušāra leftover (of a meal); offal, refuse; a discard, a worthless
thing
‫ ﺧﺸـﻊ‬kaša‘a a (‫ ﺧﺸـﻮع‬kušū‘) to be submissive, be humble; to humble o.s.;
to fade (voice) | ‫( ﺧﺸـﻊ ﺑﺒﺼـﺮﻩ‬baṣarihī) to lower one’s eyes II to humble,
reduce to submission (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to display humility; to be humble; to be
moved, be touched
‫ ﺧﺸﻮع‬kušū‘ submissiveness, submission, humility
‫ ﺧﺎﺷﻊ‬kaši‘ pl. ‫ ﺧﺸﻌﺔ‬kaša‘a submissive, humble
‫ ﺧﺸـﺎف‬kušāf various fruits, stewed and waked in syrup or rose water,
compote
‫ ﺧﺸﻜﺎر‬kuškār coarsely ground grain, grits
Confidential
‫ ﺧﺸﻜﺮﻳﺸﺔ‬kaškarīša scab, slough, scurf
‫ ﺧﺸﻢ‬II to intoxicate, make drunk (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺧﺸﻢ‬kašm nose; mouth; vent, outlet
‫ ﺧﻴﺸﻮم‬kaišūm pl. ‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺷﻢ‬kayāšim2 nose; gills; also pl. ‫ ﺧﻴﺎﺷﻴﻢ‬nose
‫ ﺧﺸـﻦ‬kašuna u (‫ )ﺧﺸـﻮﻧﺔ‬to be rough, coarse, crude; to be raw, uncut,
unpolished II to roughen, coarsen, make crude (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to be rude,
uncivil, boorish (‫ ه‬to s.o.) V to display rough, rude, or coarse, manners; to
be rough, uneven; to lead as rough life XII ‫ اﺧﺸﻮﺷـﻦ‬ikšaušana to be rough,
coarse, crude; to lead a rough life
‫ ﺧﺸﻦ‬kašin pl. ‫ ﺧﺸﺎن‬kišān rough, crude; coarse (as opposed to ‫ ﻋﻢ‬nā‘im);
rude, unpolished, uncouth; tough, harsh (life); hoarse, raucous (voice) | ‫ﺧﺸﻦ‬
‫ اﻟﻠﻤـﺲ‬k. al-lams coarse to the touch, rough, uneven, wrinkled; ‫ ﺧﺸـﻦ اﳋﻠـﻖ‬k.
al-kulq uncouth, boorish; ‫ ﺧﺸـﻦ اﻟﻘﺸـﺮة‬k. al-qišra thick-shelled; ‫اﳉـﻨﺲ اﳋﺸـﻦ‬
(jins) the strong sex
‫ اﺧﺸـﻦ‬akšan2, f. ‫ ﺧﺸـﻨﺎء‬kašnā’2, pl. ‫ ﺧﺸـﻦ‬kušn rough, tough, harsh, rude,
uncouth
411
‫ اﳋﺸﻨﺎء‬al-kašnā’ the vulgar, uneducated people

‫ ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺔ‬kušūna roughness, coarseness; crudeness; rudeness
‫ ﺧﺸﻲ‬kašiya a (kašy, ‫ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ‬kašya) to fear, dread (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.
or s.th.), be afraid (‫ ه‬of) II to frighten, scare, terrify, alarm (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I;
VIII to be embarrassed; to be ashamed
‫ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ‬kašya fear, anxiety, apprehension |‫ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬kašyatan min for fear of
‫ اﺧﺸــﻰ‬akšā more timorous, more fearful; more to be feared. more
frightening
‫ ﺧﺸــﻴﺎن‬kašyān2. f. ‫ ﺧﺸــﻴﺎ‬kaāyā, pl. ‫ ﺧﺸــﺎ‬timorous, timid, anxious,
apprehensive
‫ ﺧﺎش‬kāšin timorous, timid, anxious, apprehensive
‫ ﺧﺺ‬kašša u to distinguish, favor (especially, before others), single out (‫ه‬
s.o.), bestow special honors (‫ ه‬upon s.o., in preference to others); to endow
(‫ ب‬s.o. with), confer, bestow (‫ ب‬upon s.o. s.th.); to apportion, allot, assign,
accord, give, dedicate, devote (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th., in preference to others);
Confidential
with ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬ to take possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), demand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; also ‫ﺧـﺺ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
nafsahū); to be specifically associated (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be characteristic (‫ ه‬of
s.o.), be peculiar (‫ ه‬to); to apply in particular (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), be especially valid (‫ﻫ ـ‬
for); to concern, regard (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), have special relevance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), bear
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬on) |‫ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺘـﻪ‬ ‫( ﺧﺼـﻪ‬bi-‘ināyatihī) to devote one’s attention to s.o., favor s.o.
with one’s attention; ‫( ﺧﺼـﻪ ﻟـﺬﻛﺮ‬bi-d-dikr) to make special mention of s.o.
‫( واﺧـﺺ ﻣـﻨﻬﻢ‬akuṣṣu) I mention, among them, especially (with foll.
or s.th.;
acc.); ‫ ﻫﺬا ﻻ ﳜﺼﲏ‬this does not concern me, this is none of my business II to
specify, particularize, itemize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to specialize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), narrow,

restrict (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ل‬s.th. to); to designate, destine, set aside, earmark, single out ( ‫ل‬
‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. for a purpose); to devote in particular, dedicate, assign ( ‫ل‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); to allocate, allot, apportion (‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); to appropriate (‫ل ﻫ ـ‬
funds for); to reserve, held, withhold (‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ل‬s.th. for); to tie down (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to
a special field) V to specialize (‫ ل‬in, also ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in a scientific field); to
412
devote all one’s attention (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to apply o.s. (‫ ل‬to), go in for s.th. (‫;)ل‬
to be peculiar (‫ ب‬to); to be chosen, destined, earmarked (‫ ل‬for) VIII to
distinguish, favor (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with), confer distinction (‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. by); to
devote, give, accord, afford (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th., in preference to others); to
dedicate (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th., e.g., one’s services); (with ‫ )ﻟﻨﻔﺴــﻪ‬to take
exclusive possession (‫ ﻫـ‬of), claim, demand (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), lay special claim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to;
also ‫ اﺧـﺘﺺ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsahu); to be distinguished, be marked (‫ ب‬by); to
possess alone, in distinction from all others, have above others (‫ ب‬s.th.),
have the advantage over others (‫ ب‬that); to be peculiar (‫ ب‬to); to concern,
regard (‫ ب‬s.th.), bear (‫ ب‬on); to be pertinent, have relevance (‫ ب‬to), have to
do (‫ ب‬with); to be duly qualified, be competent, have jurisdiction (‫ ب‬in;

e.g., an authority); to have as a special function or task (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧﺺ‬lettuce (bot.)
Confidential
‫ ﺧـﺺ‬kuṣṣ pl. ‫ ﺧﺼـﺎص‬kiṣāṣ, ‫ اﺧﺼـﺎص‬akṣāṣ, ‫ ﺧﺼـﻮص‬kuṣūṣ, hut, shack,
shanty, hovel
‫ ﺧﺼﺔ‬kaṣṣa jet of water
‫ ﺧﺼﺎص‬kaṣāṣ interstice, interval, crevice, crack, gap
‫ ﺧﺼﺎﺻﺔ‬kaṣāṣa crevice, crack, interval, gap
‫ ﺧﺼﻴﺼــﺔ‬kaṣīṣa pl. ‫ ﺧﺼــﺎﺋﺺ‬kaṣā’iṣ2 special characteristic or quality,
specialty, particularity, peculiarity
‫ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎ‬kiṣṣīṣan particularly, especially, specifically
‫ ﺧﺼــﻮص‬kuṣūṣ specialness; ‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻــﺎ‬kuṣūṣan especially, in particular,
specifically |‫ﺧﺼـﻮص‬ ‫ ﰲ‬,‫ﲞﺼـﻮص‬ and ‫ﻣـﻦ ﺧﺼـﻮص‬ (with foll. genit.) as to,
concerning, regarding, with respect to, as regards; ‫ـﺬا اﳋﺼـﻮص‬ and ‫ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬا‬
‫اﳋﺼــﻮص‬ in this connection, in this matter, in this respect, about this,
concerning this; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳋﺼـﻮص‬ and ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺟـﻪ اﳋﺼـﻮص‬wajhi l-k.) especially,
particularly, in particular, specifically
‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‬kuṣūṣī; special; private, personal
‫ ﺧﺼﺎﺻﺔ‬kaṣāṣa poverty, penury, privation, destitution, want
413
‫ اﺧﺺ‬akaṣṣ2 more special, more specific |‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻷﺧـﺺ‬especially; ‫ﰲ اﻷﺧـﺺ‬

do.
‫ اﺧﺼﺎء‬akiṣṣā’2 intimate friends, confidante
‫ اﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ‬ikṣā’ī see 2‫ﺧﺼﻰ‬
‫ ﲣﺼـﻴﺺ‬takṣīṣ specialization; specification, particularization, itemization;
designation, destination (for a purpose); allotment, apportionment,
allocation; reservation; (pl. -āt) appropriation, financial allocation; credit
|‫ﲣﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬and ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬specifically
‫ ﲣﺼﺺ‬takaṣṣuṣ specialization (esp., in a scientific field)
‫ اﺧﺘﺼــﺎص‬iktiṣāṣ pl. -āt jurisdiction, competence; special province or
domain, bailiwick (fig.); pl. prerogatives, privileges, monopolies;
concessions (Intern. Law); ‫ ( ذو )ذات( اﻻﺧﺘﺼـﺎص‬duly qualified, authorized,
responsible, competent; ‫داﺋــﺮة اﻻﺧﺘﺼــﺎص‬ scope of competence, sphere of
authority, jurisdiction, province, domain, field
‫ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ‬iktiṣāṣī pl. -ūn specialist
‫ ﺧــﺎص‬kaṣṣ special, particular; specific, peculiar; relative, relevant,
Confidential
pertinent (‫ ب‬to), concerning (‫ ب‬s.th.); earmarked, Designated, destined, set
aside (‫ ب‬for); especially valid or true (‫ ب‬for), especially applicable (‫ ب‬to),
characteristic (‫ ب‬of); distinguished; private; exclusive, not public | ‫ﺟﺮﻳـﺪة‬
‫ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ب‬professional journal for ...; ‫‘( اﳋـﺎص واﻟﻌـﺎم‬āmm) the special and the
general; high and low, all people; ‫اﳋﺎص‬ ‫ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬physician in ordinary
‫ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬kāṣṣa pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮاص‬kawāṣ2 exclusive property; private possession;
specialty, particularity, peculiarity, characteristic, property, attribute;
essence, intrinsic nature; leading personalities, people of distinction, ‫اﳋﺎﺻـﺔ‬
the upper class, the educated; kāṣṣatan and ‫ ﲞﺎﺻـﺔ‬bi-kāṣṣatin especially, in
particular |‫اﻧﻔﺴـﻬﻢ‬ ‫ ﰲ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬fī k. anfusihim at the bottom of their hearts, deep
inside
‫ ﺧﺎﺻ ــﻴﺔ‬kāṣṣīya pl. -āt, ‫ ﺧﺼــﺎﺋﺺ‬kaṣā’iṣ2 specialty, particularity,
characteristic, peculiarity, property, special attribute, feature, trait,
qualification; prerogative, privilege; jurisdiction, competence
‫ ﺧﻮﻳﺼﺔ‬kuwaṣṣa (dimin. of ‫ )ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬one’s own business, private affair | ‫ﻳـﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ ﰲ ﺧﻮﻳﺼﺔ اﻣﺮي‬he meddles in my private affairs
414
‫ ﳐﺼﻮص‬makṣūṣ special
‫ ﳐﺼـﺺ‬mukaṣṣaṣ chosen, set aside, earmarked, designated, destined (‫ل‬
‫( ﳐﺼﺼـﺎت‬financial) allocations;
for); allotted, apportioned, allocated; -- pl.
appropriations, credits; (daily) allowance; (food) rations | ‫ﳐﺼﺼـﺎت اﺿـﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
(iḍāfīya) extra allowances; ‫ ﳐﺼﺼﺎت اﳌﻠﻚ‬m. al-malik civil list
‫ ﳐــﺘﺺ‬muktaṣṣ pertaining, pertinent, relevant, relative (‫ ب‬to); duly
qualified, authorized, responsible, competent; special; pl. ‫ ﳐﺘﺼـﺎت‬muktaṣṣāt
competences | ‫اﳌﻘﺎﻣــﺎت اﳌﺨﺘﺼــﺔ‬the competent authorities; ‫اﻟــﺪواﺋﺮ اﳌﺨﺘﺼــﺔ‬
competent (or authoritative) quarters
‫ ﺧﺼـﺐ‬kaṣaba i and kaṣiba a (kiṣb) to be fertile (soil) II to make fertile (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to fructify, fertilize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV = I
‫ ﺧﺼﺐ‬kaṣib fertility; abundance, plenty; superabundance, profusion
‫ ﺧﺼﺐ‬kaṣib and ‫ ﺧﺼﻴﺐ‬kaṣīb fertile, productive, fat
‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺑﺔ‬kuṣūba fertility
Confidential
‫ ﲣﺼﻴﺐ‬takṣīb fructification, fertilization
‫ اﺧﺼﺎب‬ikṣāb fertility
‫ ﳐﺼﺒﺎت‬mukaṣṣibāt fertilizers
‫ ﳐﺼﺐ‬mukṣib fertile, productive, fat
‫ ﺧﺼـﺮ‬kaṣira a (kaṣar) to become cold; to suffer from the cold III to clasp
(‫ ه‬s.o.) around the waist, put one’s arm around s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬waist VIII to
shorten, condense, abridge, epitomize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to summarize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧﺼﺮ‬kaṣr pl. ‫ ﺧﺼﻮر‬kuṣūr hip, haunch, waist

‫ ﳐﺼﺮة‬mikṣara pl. ‫ ﳐﺎﺻﺮ‬makāṣir2 stick, baton, wand; mace, scepter
‫ اﺧﺘﺼــﺎر‬iktiṣār shortening, condensation, abridgment, summarization,
epitomizing (of a statement); brevity |‫ ﻻﺧﺘﺼـﺎر‬and ‫ ﺧﺘﺼـﺎر‬briefly, in short,
in a few words
‫ ﳐﺘﺼـﺮ‬muktaṣar shortened, condensed, abridged; brief, short; concise,
terse, succinct; (pl. -āt) short excerpt, brief exposition, synopsis, outline,
summary, abstract, epitome, compendium
‫ ﺧﺎﺻـﺮة‬kāṣira pl. ‫ ﺧﻮاﺻـﺮ‬kawāṣir2 hip, haunch, waist | ‫ﺷــﻮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺧﺎﺻـﺮﺗﻪ‬
(šauka) a thorn in his side
415
‫ ﺧﺼﻒ‬kaṣafa i (kaṣf) to mend, repair, sew (‫ ﻫـ‬a shoe)

‫ ﺧﺼﻔﺔ‬kaṣfa pl. ‫ ﺧﺼﺎف‬kiṣāf basket (made of palm leaves)
‫ ﺧﺼﻠﺔ‬kuṣla pl. ‫ ﺧﺼﻞ‬kuṣal, -āt tuft; bunch, cluster; lock, wisp (of hair)
‫ ﺧﺼـﻠﺔ‬kaṣla pl. ‫ ﺧﺼـﺎل‬kiṣāl quality, property, characteristic, peculiarity,
trait; (natural) disposition
‫ ﺧﺼـﻢ‬kaṣama i to defeat (‫ ه‬an opponent) in argument; to deduct, subtract
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from): to discount (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a bill, a note III to argue, quarrel, dispute
(‫ ه‬with s.o.
to bring legal action (‫ ه‬against s.o.), sue (‫ ه‬s.o.), litigate (‫ ه‬with); VI to
quarrel, argue, have a fight; to go to law, carry on a lawsuit, litigate (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with
s.o.) VII to be deducted, be subtracted VIII to quarrel, argue, have a fight
‫ﺧﺼــﻢ‬ kaṣm pl. ‫ﺧﺼــﻮم‬ kuṣūm, ‫اﺧﺼــﺎم‬ akṣām adversary, antagonist,
opponent; opposing party (in a lawsuit)
‫ ﺧﺼﻢ‬deduction; subtraction; rebate; discount; pl. ‫ ﺧﺼﻮم‬kuṣūm
liabilities (fin.) |‫اﳋﺼـﻮم‬ ‫ﺳــﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺼــﻢ‬
Confidential
si‘r al-k. discount rate, bank rate;
‫ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﺎﻻت‬k. al-kambiyālāt bill discount
‫ ﺧﺼـﻴﻢ‬kaṣīm pl. ‫ ﺧﺼـﻤﺎء‬kuṣamā’2, ‫ ﺧﺼـﻤﺎن‬kuṣmān adversary, antagonist,
opponent
‫ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﺔ‬kuṣūma quarrel, argument, dispute, controversy, feud; lawsuit
‫ ﺧﺼﺎم‬kiṣām quarrel, argument, dispute, controversy, feud; lawsuit
‫ ﳐﺎﺻــﻢ‬mukāṣim adversary, opponent, opposing party (in a lawsuit);
antagonist; litigant
1‫ ﺧﺼﻰ‬kaṣā (‫ ﺧﺼﺎء‬kiṣā’) to castrate, emasculate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺧﺼﻰ‬kasīy pl. ‫ ﺧﺼﻴﺎن‬kiṣyān, ‫ ﺧﺼﻴﺔ‬kiṣya a castrate, eunuch

‫ ﺧﺼﻴﺔ‬kuṣya pl. ‫ ﺧﺼﻰ‬kuṣan testicle
‫ ﳐﺼﻰ‬makṣīy castrated, emasculated
‫( ﻓﺮس ﳐﺼﻰ‬faras) gelding
2‫ اﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ‬ikṣā’ī pl. -ūn specialist; expert (of a specialized field)
‫ ﺧﺾ‬kaḍḍa (kaḍḍ) to jolt, jog (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to shake (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to frighten, scare

(‫ ه‬s.o.)
416
‫ ﻟﱭ ﺧﺾ‬laban kaḍḍ buttermilk

‫ ﺧﻀﺔ‬kaḍḍa concussion, shock, jolt; fright, terror, fear
‫ ﺧﻀﺐ‬kaḍaba i (kaḍb) to dye, color, tinge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- kaḍaba i and kaḍiba
a (‫ ﺧﻀـﻮب‬kuḍūb) to be or become green (plant) II to color, tinge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
dye (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th) XII ‫ اﺧﻀﻮﺿﺐ‬ikḍauḍaba to be or become green (plant)
O ‫ ﺧﻀﺐ‬kaḍb chlorophyll (biol.)
‫ ﺧﻀﺎب‬kiḍāb dye, dyestuff |O ‫ ﺧﻀﺎب اﻟﺪم‬k. ad-dam hemoglobin (biol.)
‫ ﺧﻀﻮب‬kuḍūb green, greenness, green color
‫ ﺧﻀﻴﺐ‬kaḍīb dyed
‫ ﺧﻀـﺨﺾ‬ḳaḍkaḍa (‫ ﺧﻀـﺨﺾ‬ḳaḍkaḍa) to set in motion, upset, rock, shake
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺧﻀﺨﺾ‬kaḍkaḍa concussion, shock, jolt
‫ ﺧﻀــﺪ‬kaḍada i (kaḍd) to cut off, break off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬thorns) | ‫ﺧﻀــﺪ ﺷــﻮﻛﺘﻪ‬
(šaukatahū) to tame s.o., hold s.o. in check, curb s.o.’s power
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻀـﺮ‬kaḍira a (kaḍar) to be green II to make green, dye or color green (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫( ﺧﻀـﺮ اﻷرض‬arḍ) to sow the land, till the earth IX to be or become
s.th.) |
green XII ‫ اﺧﻀﻮﺿﺮ‬ikḍauḍara = IX
‫ ﺧﻀﺮ‬kaḍir green, verdant; verdure, greenery; young green crop (of grain)
‫ اﳋﻀﺮ‬al-kaḍir, al-kiḍir a well-known legendary figure
‫ ﺧﻀـﺮة‬kuḍra green, greenness, green color; - (pl. ‫ ﺧﻀـﺮ‬kuḍar) vegetation,
verdure, greenery, greens; meadow; ‫ ﺧﻀﺮ‬vegetables
‫ ﺧﻀﺮي‬kuḍarī greengrocer
‫ ﺧﻀﺎر‬kaḍār green, greenness, green color; greens, herbs, potherbs
‫ ﺧﻀﲑ‬kadīr green
‫ ﺧﻀﺎرة‬kaḍāra greens, herbs, potherbs
‫ ﺧﻀﺎر‬kaḍḍār greengrocer
‫ اﺧﻀـﺮ‬akḍar f. ‫ ﺧﻀـﺮاء‬kaḍrā’ pl. ‫ ﺧﻀـﺮ‬kuḍr green |‫اﺗـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻻﺧﻀـﺮ واﻟﻴـﺎﺑﺲ‬
(atā) to destroy everything, wreak havoc
‫ اﳋﻀﺮاء‬al-kaḍrā’ “the Verdant” (epithet of Tunis); the sky
‫ ﺧﻀﺮاوات‬kaḍrāwāt vegetables; greens, herbs, potherbs
417
‫ اﳋﻀﲑاء‬al-kuḍairā’ Paradise
O ‫ ﳜﻀﻮر‬yakḍūr chlorophyll (biol.)
‫ ﳐﻀﺮة‬makḍara meadow, lawn, turf, sod, greens, verdant land
‫ ﳐﻀﺮات‬mukaḍḍarāt vegetables
‫ ﺧﻀــﺮم‬kiḍrim pl. ‫ ﺧﻀــﺎرم‬kaḍārim2 abundant, copious; well-watered,
abounding in water; openhanded, generous, liberal, munificent
‫ ﳐﻀـﺮم‬mukaḍram designation of such contemporaries of Mohammed, esp.
of poets, whose life span bridges the time of paganism and that of Islam; an
old man who has lived through several generations or historical epochs
‫ ﺧﻀـﻊ‬kaḍa‘a a (‫ ﺧﻀـﻮع‬kuḍū‘) to bow, defer, submit, yield, surrender (‫ ل‬to
s.o., to s.th.), humble o.s. (‫ ل‬before), obey, follow (‫ ل‬s.o. or s.th.); to be
subject (‫ ل‬and ‫ اﱃ‬to a law, to a power, etc.), be under s.o.’s (‫ ل‬or ‫ )اﱃ‬control
II and IV to humble, subjugate, subdue, make tractable (‫ ه‬s.o.); to submit,
subject, expose (‫ه‬ ‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. or s.o. to s.th.)

‫ ﺧﻀﻮع‬kuḍū‘ submission, obedience, humility, subjection
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻀﻮع‬kaḍū‘ pl. ‫ ﺧﻀﻊ‬kuḍu‘ submissive, humble
‫ اﺧﻀﺎع‬ikḍā‘ subjugation, subdual; subjection
‫ ﺧﺎﺿـﻊ‬kāḍi‘ pl. ‫ ﺧﻀـﻊ‬kuḍa‘, ‫ ﺧﻀـﻌﺎن‬kuḍ‘ān, kiḍ‘ān submissive, humble;
obedient, pliant, tractable; subject, liable, prone (‫ ل‬to s.th.)
‫ ﺧﻀﻞ‬kaḍila a to be or become moist II and IV to moisten, wet (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IX
=I
‫ ﺧﻀﻞ‬kaḍil moist, wet; juicy, succulent; refreshing, gay, lighthearted
‫ ﺧﻀـﻢ‬kaḍama i (kaḍm) to munch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., with a full mouth), bite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into
s.th.)
‫ ﺧﻀﻢ‬kiḍamm vast (said of the sea); sea, ocean
‫ ﺧـﻂ‬kaṭṭa u (kaṭṭ) to draw or trace a line (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to draw, trace, sketch,
design (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to write, pen (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to carve, engrave, inscribe (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
outline, mark, trace out, prescribe (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.o. s.th.) | ‫)ﺧـﻂ ﺧﻄـﺎ )ﺳــﻄﺮا‬
(kaṭṭan, satran) to draw a line; ‫( ﺧﻄـﻪ اﻟﺸـﻴﺐ‬šaibu) his hair turned gray II to
draw lines; to rule (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to furrow, ridge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to mark with lines or
stripes, stripe, streak (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pencil (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the eyebrows); to mark,
418
designate, earmark, indicate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to demarcate, delimit, delineate, stake

out, survey (‫ ﻫ ـ‬land, real estate); to layout, map out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬roads) VIII to trace
out, mark, outline, prescribe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a way); to mark, demarcate, delimit, stake
out, delineate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to map out, plan, project (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., the construction of a
city); to make, design, devise (‫ ﻫـ‬a plan); to plan (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), make plans (‫ ﻫـ‬for)
‫ ﺧـﻂ‬kaṭṭ pl. ‫ ﺧﻄـﻮط‬kuṭūṭ line; stroke; stripe, streak; (railroad) line, line of
communication; telephone line; frontline (mil.); furrow, ridge; handwriting;
writing, script; calligraphy, penmanship |O ‫ﺧـﻂ ارﺿـﻲ‬ (arḍī) ground wire
(radio); O ‫( اﳋـﻂ اﻻﺳـﻔﻴﲏ‬isfīnī) cuneiform writing; ‫( اﳋﻄـﻮط اﻷﻣﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬amāmīya)
the foremost lines, battle lines (mil.); ‫( ﺧـﻂ رز‬bāriz) relievo script; ‫ﺧـﻂ‬
‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻮﱐ‬telephone line; ‫( ﺧﻄﻮط ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬jawwīya) airlines; ‫( ﺧـﻂ ﺣﺪﻳـﺪي‬ḥadīdī) and
‫ ﺧﻂ ﺳﻜﺔ اﳊﺪﻳﺪ‬k. sikkat al-ḥadīd railroad line, railroad track; ‫ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺰوال‬k. az-
zawāl meridian (astron.; = ‫ ﺧـﻂ ﻧﺼـﻒ اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬k. niṣf an-nahār); O ‫اﳋـﻂ اﳌﺴـﻤﺎري‬
(mismārī) cuneiform writing; ‫ ﺧـﻂ اﻻﺳـﺘﻮاء‬k. al-istiwā’ equator; ‫ ﺧـﻂ اﻟﻄـﻮل‬k.
Confidential
aṭ-ṭūl or ‫( ﺧـﻂ ﻃـﻮﱄ‬ṭūlī) circle of longitude, meridian (geogr.); ‫ ﺧـﻂ اﻟﻌـﺮض‬k.
al-‘arḍ or‫‘( ﺧـﻂ ﻋﺮﺿـﻲ‬arḍī) parallel (of latitude) (geogr.); ‫ ﺧـﻂ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢ اﳌﻴـﺎﻩ‬k.
taqsīm al-miyāh divide, watershed; ‫ ﺧــﻂ اﻟﻘــﻮة اﻟﻜﻬﺮ ﺋﻴــﺔ‬k. al-qūwa al-
kahrabā’īya power lines; ‫ ﺧﻂ اﳍﺎﺟﺮة‬meridian (grogr.); ‫ ﺧﺮج ﻋـﻦ اﳋـﻂ‬to derail,
run off the rails (train); ‫( ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺧــﻂ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬mustaqīm) straightaway, in a

straight line; outright, out and out; ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل اﳋﻂ‬ṭūl al-k.) all along the line
‫ ﺧﻂ‬kuṭṭ section, district, quarter (of a city)
‫ ﺧﻄﻲ‬kaṭṭī handwritten; linear; spear
‫ ﺧﻄﺔ‬kuṭṭa matter, affair; condition, state; office, function, position
‫ ﺧﻄـﺔ‬kiṭṭa, kuṭṭa pl. ‫ ﺧﻄـﻂ‬kiṭaṭ, kuṭaṭ a place of land acquired for the
purpose of building a house; a place of real estate, lot; district; map or plan
of a place of real estate, layout; plan, project, design, intention; line of
action, course, policy, rule, precept, guiding principle |‫اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ ‫ ﺧـﻂ‬k. al-‘amal
operation plan, work plan; ‫ﳋﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫( ﻃﺒﻘﺎ‬ṭibqan) according to schedule, as
scheduled or planned
419
‫ ﺧﻄـﺎط‬kaṭṭāṭ pl. -ūn penman, calligrapher; -- tracing lines, leaving straight

trace |‫ﺧﻄﺎط‬ ‫( ﻓﺸﻚ‬fašak) or ‫ ﻗﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺧﻄﺎﻃﺔ‬tracer bullet, tracer (mil.)
‫ ﲣﻄــﻴﻂ‬takṭīṭ ruling, drawing of, or marking with, lines; lineation;
designation, marking, earmarking; surveying, survey (of land); planning;
projecting, mapping out, laying out (of cities, of roads); plan, design
‫( رﺳﻢ ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻲ‬rasm) rough draft, first sketch, design
‫ ﳐﻄﻮط‬makṭūṭ handwritten; manuscript
‫ ﳐﻄﻮط‬makṭūṭa pl. -āt manuscript
‫ ﳐﻄـﻂ‬mukaṭṭaṭ striped, streaked, ruled; furrowed; designated, marked,
earmarked; planned, guided, controlled; (pl. -āt) sketch, design, plan, layout;
map (of a city)
‫ ﺧﻄـﺊ‬kaṭI’a a (‫ ﺧﻄـﺄ‬kaṭa’) to be mistaken; to commit an error, make a
mistake; to sin II to charge with an offense, incriminate, declare guilty (‫ه‬
s.o.); to accuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) of an error or mistake; to fine (‫ ه‬s.o.; tun.) IV to be

mistaken, to err, commit an error, be at fault (‫ ﰲ‬in); to be wrong (‫ ﰲ‬about,
in); to make a mistake (‫ ﰲ‬in, with); to miss (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., a shot; ‫ ﻫـ‬the target);
Confidential
to escape (‫ ه‬s.o. or s.o.’s notice; a fact) | ‫(أﺧﻄـﺄ ﻓﺄﻟـﻪ‬fa’luhū) (his omen was
wrong, i.e.) his expectations do not come true, are not fultilled; that’s where
he is wrong, that’s where he made a mistake! ‫( أﺧﻄـﺄﻩ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬šai’u) (lit.: the
thing escaped him, missed him, i.e.) he lacked it; ‫ أﺧﻄـﺄﻩ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴـﻖ‬he failed, was
unsuccessful; ‫أﺧﻄـﺄ ﰲ اﺳـﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ‬ he drew the wrong conclusions; ‫أﺧﻄـﺄ ﺑـﲔ‬

‫ اﻟﺸﻴﺌﲔ‬he confused the two things, he mistook one thing for the other
‫ ﺧﻂء‬kiṭ’ slip, lapse, fault, offense, sin
‫ ﺧﻄـﺄ‬kaṭa’ and ‫ ﺧﻄـﺎء‬kaṭā’ error; mistake, incorrectness; offense, fault;
kaṭa’an erroneously, by mistake | ‫ان‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ اﳋﻄـﺄ‬...it is (would be) wrong to …;
‫ اﺻـﻼح اﳋﻄـﺄ‬iṣlāḥ al-k. corrigenda, errata, list of corrections; ‫ ﻗﺘـﻞ اﳋﻄـﺄ‬qatl al-
k. accidental homicide (jur.)
‫ ﺧﻄﻴﺌـﺔ‬kaṭī’a pl. -āt, ‫ ﺧﻄـﺎ‬kaṭāyā mistake, blunder; slip, lapse; fault,
offense; crime, sin; fine (tun.)
‫ ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬kāṭi’ wrong, incorrect, erroneous; mistaken, at fault; (pl. ‫ ﺧﻄﺎة‬kuṭāh,
actually, pl. of colloq. kāṭī), f. ‫ ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ‬kāṭi’a pl. ‫ ﺧﻮاﻃﺊ‬kawāṭ’2 sinner
420
‫ ﳐﻄﺊ‬mukṭi’ mistaken, at fault, wrong; incorrect, wrong, erroneous

‫ ﺧﻄـﺐ‬kaṭaba u (‫ ﺧﻄﺒـﺔ‬kuṭba, ‫ ﺧﻄﺎﺑـﺔ‬kaṭāba) to deliver a public address,
make a speech; to preach, deliver a sermon (‫اﻟﻨـﺎس‬ ‫ ﰲ‬and ‫ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬an-nāsa to the
people); -- (kaṭb, ‫ ﺧﻄﺒـﺔ‬kiṭba) to propose (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬to a girl; said of the man), ask
for a girl’s hand (‫ )ﻫــﺎ‬in marriage (‫ ل‬on behalf of s.o.; said of the
matchmaker); to give in marriage, betroth, affiance, engage (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ﺑﻨﺘـﻪ ل‬
one’s daughter to s.o.) |‫ودﻫ ــﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻄ ــﺐ‬ (wuddahā) and ‫ﺧﻄ ــﺐ ﻣﻮد ــﺎ‬
(mawaddatahā) he courted her love III to address (‫ ه‬s.o.), speak, talk, direct
one's words (‫ ه‬to s.o.), turn (‫ ه‬to s.o., orally or in writing) |‫ﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔـﻮن‬ ‫ ﺧﺎﻃﺒـﻪ‬to
telephone s.o., call s.o. up; ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺒـﻪ ﻟﻜـﺎف‬ (bi-l-kāf) to address s.o. on an
intimate first-name basis VI to talk to one another; to converse, confer, have
a talk, carry on a conversation; to write each other, correspond, carry on a
correspondence VIII to seek a girl’s (‫ )ﻫـﺎ‬hand in marriage, ask for a girl’s
hand
‫ ﺧﻄـﺐ‬kaṭb pl. ‫ ﺧﻄـﺐ‬kuṭb matter, affair, concern, business; situation,
Confidential
conditions, circumstances; misadventure, mishap | ‫ﻣـﺎ ﺧﻄﺒـﻚ‬what do you
want? what’s the trouble? what’s the matter with you? ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﺧﻄﺒـﻪ ﰲ‬what
concern of his is ...? what has he to do with ...? ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﺧﻄـﺐ ذﻟـﻚ‬what’s it all
about?
‫ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ‬kiṭba courtehip; betrothal, engagement
‫ ﺧﻄﺒـﺔ‬kuṭba pl. ‫ ﺧﻄـﺐ‬kuṭab public address; speech; lecture, discourse;
oration; sermon, specif., Muslim Friday sermon, khutbah | ‫ﺧﻄﺒــﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎح‬opening address
‫ ﺧﻄـﺎب‬kiṭāb pl. -āt, ‫ اﺧﻄﺒـﺔ‬akṭiba public address, speech; oration; letter,
note, message | ‫ﺧﻄـﺎب ﺗﺮﺣﻴـﺐ‬ welcoming address; ‫ﺧﻄـﺎب اﻟﻌـﺮش‬ k. al-‘arš
speech from the throne; ‫( ﺧﻄـﺎب ﻣﺴـﺘﻌﺠﻞ‬musta‘jil) express letter, special-

delivery letter; ‫ ﺧﻄـﺎب ﺗﻘﺪﻣـﺔ‬taqdima letter of introduction; O ‫ﺧﻄـﺎ ت ذات‬
‫( اﻟﻘﻴﻤــﺔ اﳌﻘــﺮرة‬dāt al-qīma al-muqarrara) (= lettres avec valeur declarée)
registered, insured letters (eg.); ‫اﳋﻄـﺎب‬ ‫ ﻓﺼـﻞ‬faṣl al-k. (in letters:) conclusion
421
of the formal greetings by the words ‫اﻣــﺎ ﺑﻌــﺪ‬ amma ba‘du; conclusion,
termination, end; decision; unmistakable judgment; ‫ﺑﻴـﲏ وﺑﻴﻨـﻚ ﻓﺼـﻞ اﳋﻄـﺎب‬
we’re through with one another once and for all
‫ ﺧﻄﺎﰊ‬kiṭābī oratorical, rhetorical, speech-, lecturing (in compounds)
‫ ﺧﻄﻴـﺐ‬kaṭīb pl. ‫ ﺧﻄﺒـﺎء‬kuṭabā’ (public) speaker; orator; lecturer; preacher,
khatib; suitor (for the hand of a girl); fiancé
‫ ﺧﻄﻴﺒﺔ‬kaṭība fiancée
‫ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺔ‬kaṭāba preaching, sermonizing, oratory
‫ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺔ‬kiṭāba rhetoric, oratory; speech, lecture, discourse
‫ ﺧﻄﻮﺑﺔ‬kūṭūba courtship; betrothal, engagement
‫ ﳐﺎﻃﺒـﺔ‬mukāṭaba pl. -āt address; public address, speech; proclamation;
conversation, talk; conference, parley |‫ﺗﻠﻴﻔﻮﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ ﳐﺎﻃﺒـﺔ‬telephone conversation,
telephone call
‫ ﲣﺘﻄـﺐ‬takāṭub conversation; talk, discussion; (inter)communication (also,
e.g., telephonic, by radio, etc.) |‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄــﺎب‬ ‫ﻟﻐــﺔ‬ lugat it-takāṭub colloquial
Confidential
language
‫ ﺧﺎﻃﺐ‬kāṭib pl. ‫ ﺧﻄﺒﺎء‬kuṭabā’2, ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬kuṭṭāb suitor; matchmaker
‫ ﺧﺎﻃﺒﺔ‬kāṭiba pl. ‫ ﺧﻄﺎب‬kuṭṭāb woman matchmaker
‫ ﳐﻄﻮﺑﺔ‬makṭūba fiancée
‫ ﳐﺎﻃﺐ‬mukāṭab addressed, spoken to; (gram.) second person
‫ اﺧﻄﺒﻮط‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺧﻄـﺮ‬kaṭara i (‫ ﺧﻄـﺮان‬kaṭarān) to swing, wave, brandish (‫ ب‬s.th.); to shake,
tremble, vibrate; to walk with a (proud) swinging gait; to strut, parade
haughtily; -- i u (‫ ﺧﻄـﻮر‬kuṭūr) to occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬mind |
‫ﺧﻄـﺮ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻟـﻪ‬ (bālihī) the matter came to his mind, occurred to him, he
recalled the matter (also ‫ﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬and ‫ ﺑﺒﺎﻟـﻪ‬or. ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻟـﻪ(; ﺧﻄـﺮ ﻟـﻪ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ‬he had an
idea; ‫اﻣـﺮ ﱂ ﳜﻄـﺮ ﺑﺒـﺎل‬ (lam yakṭur bi-bālin) an unexpected matter, s.th. one
wouldn’t dram of; -- kaṭura u (‫ ﺧﻄـﻮرة‬kuṭūra) to be weighty; to be important,
significant; to be grave, serious, momentous, dangerous, perilous, risky,
hazardous III to risk, hazard, stake (‫ ب‬s.th. ‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬one’s life); to incur the
danger, run the risk (‫ ب‬of), risk (‫ ب‬s.th.); to bet, wager (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a stake)
422
IV to notify, inform (‫ ه‬s.o.), let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ب‬about s.th.); to warn,

caution (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to walk with a lofty, proud gait; to stride, strut (with a
swinging gait); to pendulate, oscillate, vibrate VI to make a bet (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against
stake)
‫ ﺧﻄــﺮ‬kaṭar weightiness, momentousness; importance, consequence,
significance; seriousness, gravity; -- (pl. -āt, ‫اﺧﻄـﺎر‬ akṭār) danger, peril,
menace (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); riskiness, dangerousness; risk; hazard; (pl. ‫ ﺧﻄـﺎر‬kiṭār)
stake, bet, wager |‫ ﺟﻠﻴـﻞ اﳋﻄـﺮ‬of very great importance, momentous; ‫ذو ﺧﻄـﺮ‬
dangerous, perilous; ‫( ﻣﻌـﺮض ﻟﻠﺨﻄـﺮ‬mu‘arraḍ) endangered, jeopardized; ‫اﺷـﺎرة‬
‫ اﳋﻄﺮ‬išārat al-k. alarm signal

‫ ﺧﻄـﺮ‬kaṭir dangerous, perilous, risky, hazardous; serious, grave, weighty,
important, significant
‫ ﺧﻄـﺮ‬kaṭara pl. kaṭarāt pompous walk, strut; swinging gait; idea, thought,
notion
‫ ﺧﻄﺎر‬kaṭṭār pendulum (phys.)
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻄــﲑ‬kaṭīr pl. ‫ ﺧﻄــﺮ‬kuṭr weighty, momentous; important, significant;
grave, serious |‫اﻟﺸﺄن‬ ‫ ﺧﻄﲑ‬of great importance
‫ ﺧﻄـﻮرة‬kuṭūra weight(iness), importance, moment(ousness); consequence,
significance; gravity, seriousness
‫ ﺧﻄﺮان‬kaṭarān swinging, oscillation, vibration
‫ اﺧﻄـﺮ‬akṭar2 more dangerous, riskier; weightier, of greater consequence;
more serious, graver
‫ ﳐﻄﺮة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﳐﺎﻃﺮ‬makāṭir2 dangers, perils
‫ ﳐﺎﻃﺮة‬mukāṭara pl. -āt venture, risk, hazard
‫ اﺧﻄﺎر‬ikṭār notification, information; warning
‫ ﺧــﺎﻃﺮ‬kāṭir pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮاﻃﺮ‬kawāṭir2 ideas, thought, notion; mind; desire,
inclination, liking |‫ﺧـﺎﻃﺮك‬
‫( ﻷﺟـﻞ‬li-ajl) for your sake; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ‬min'n kulli
kāṭirin with all one’s heart, most gladly; ‫‘ ﻋـﻦ ﻃﻴﺒـﺔ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ‬an ṭībati kāṭirin
gladly, with pleasure; of one’s own free will, voluntarily; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮك‬as you
like; ‫ اﺧﺬ ﲞﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬to afford satisfaction to s.o., to comfort, reassure s.o.; ‫اﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
423
‫ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ ﻣـﻦ‬to feel offended by, to take offense at; ‫ ﺻـﺪع ﺧـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬ṣadda‘a kāṭirahū
to trouble, bother s.o.; ‫( ﻃﻤـﻦ اﳋـﻮاﻃﺮ‬ṭammana) to calm the excitement; ‫ﻣـﺮ‬
‫( ﲞـﺎﻃﺮﻩ ان‬marra) the thought crossed his mind that ...; ‫( اﻛﺮاﻣـﺎ ﳋـﺎﻃﺮك‬ikrāman)
for your sake, to please you; ‫اﳋـﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ ﺳـﺮﻋﺔ‬sur‘at al-k. presence of mind; ‫ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ‬
‫ اﳋﺎﻃﺮ‬quick-witted
‫ ﳐـﺎﻃﺮ‬mukāṭir one who risks s.th., who takes a chance; daring, bold,
venturesome
‫ ﳐﻄﺮ‬mukṭir dangerous, perilous, risky, hazardous
‫ ﺧﻄﺮف‬kaṭrafa (eg.) to be delirious,. to rave, to talk irrationally
‫ ﺧﻄﺮﻓﺔ‬kaṭrafa delirium, raving
‫ ﺧﻄـﻒ‬kaṭifa a, kaṭafa i (kaṭf) to snatch, wrench or wrest away, seize, grab
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to abduct, kidnap (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dazzle
(‫ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬al-baṣara the eyes) V to carry away, sweep away (. s.o.) VI to snatch

or seize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) from one another VII to be snatched away, be wrested
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away; to be carried away, be swept away VIII to grab, seize, take forcibly (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to snatch, wrest, wrench (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. from s.o.); to abduct, kidnap (‫ه‬
s.o.); to run away, elope (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a woman); to make off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to
dazzle (‫ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬al-baṣara the eyes)

‫ ﺧﻄـﻒ‬kaṭf grabbing, forcible seizure, rape; abduction, kidnapping; ‫ﺧﻄﻔـﺎ‬
kaṭfan rapidly, quickly
‫ ﺧﻄﻔـﺔ‬kaṭfa pl. kaṭafāt (n. vic.) a snatching away, a grab; sudden stirring,
flash |‫( ﰲ ﺧﻄﻔﺔ اﻟﱪق‬barq) instantly, in a trice, like a streak of lightning; ‫ﺧﻄﻔﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻔﺎت اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬an impulse, a sudden emotion
‫ ﺧﻄﺎف‬kaṭṭāf rapacious; robber
‫ ﺧﻄـﺎف‬kuṭṭāf pl. ‫ ﺧﻄـﺎﻃﻴﻒ‬kaṭāṭīf2 (iron) hook; fishhook; (coll.; n. un. ‫)ة‬
swift, a variety of swallow
‫ ﺧﻄﻴﻒ‬kaṭīf pl. ‫ ﺧﻄﺎﻃﻴﻒ‬kaṭāṭīf2 iron hook
‫ اﺧﺘﻄﺎف‬iktiṯāf grabbing, forcible seizure, rape; abduction, kidnapping
424
‫ ﺧﺎﻃﻒ‬kāṭif pl. ‫ ﺧﻮاﻃﻒ‬kawāṭif2 ravenous; rapacious; rapid, prompt; quick,

sudden; lightninglike; fleeting; short, brief |‫ﺧﺎﻃﻔـﺔ‬ ‫ذب‬ ravenous wolves;
‫( ﺻﻮرة ﺧﺎﻃﻔﺔ‬ṣūra) snapshot; ‫( ﺣﺮب ﺧﺎﻃﻔﺔ‬ḥarb) Blitzkrieg
‫ ﺧﻄـﻞ‬kaṭila a (kaṭal) to talk nonsense IV do. V to strut, walk with a
pompous gait; to walk with a proud, swinging gait
‫ ﺧﻄﻞ‬kaṭal idle talk, prattle
‫ ﺧﻄﻞ‬kaṭil garrulous, chattering, given to silly talk; stupid, foolish
‫ ﺧﻄـﻢ‬kaṭm nose, snout, muzzle (of an animal); front part (nose and
mouth); foremost or first part; important matter |‫ﳐﻄﻤـﺔ‬ ‫( اﻃـﻞ‬aṭalla) approx.:
to manifest its force, set in (e.g., of a disaster)
‫ ﺧﻄﻤـﻲ‬kiṭmī, kaṭmī (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis;
bot.)
‫ ﺧﻄﺎم‬kiṭām pl. kuṭum noseband, halter (of a camel)
‫)ﺧﻄــﺎ )ﺧﻄــﻮ‬ kaṭā u (kaṭw) to step, pace, walk; to proceed, advance,
progress |‫واﺳـﻌﺔ‬ ‫( ﺧﻄـﺎ ﺧﻄـﻮات‬kaṭawātin) to take large strides, also fig. = to
Confidential
make extraordinary progress II and V to overstep, transgress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), to
cross (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), go or walk through s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to ford (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a river); to leave its
banks, overflow (river); to cross, traverse (‫ اﻟﺒﺤــﺎر‬the seas); to omit,
disregard, ignore, pass by (‫ ه‬so.); to go beyond s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to extend (‫ اﱃ‬to);
to exceed, transcend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to excel, surpass, outstrip, outdo (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
proceed, pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬to), leave s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬behind and turn to s.th.
else (‫ ;)اﱃ‬to disregard (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) in order to turn one’s attention to ( (‫اﱃ‬
‫( |ﲣﻄـﻰ ﺑـﻪ اﱃ اﻻﻣـﺎم‬ilā l-amāmi) to promote, advance s.th. VII to step, pace,
walk; to proceed, advance, progress
‫ ﺧﻄـﻮة‬kaṭwa pl. kaṭawāt and kuṭwa pl. kuṭwāt, kuṭuwāt, ‫ ﺧﻄـﻰ‬kuṭan step,
pace, stride |‫ﺧﻄﺎﻩ‬ ‫( ﺳﺎر ﰲ‬kuṭāhū) to walk, or follow, in s.o.’s footsteps; ‫ﺗﻘﺪم‬
‫ ﺧﻄـﻮة ﻓﺨﻄـﻮة‬taqaddama kutwatan fa-kutwatan to proceed or advance step by
step; ‫( اﲣﺬ ﺧﻄﻮة ﺣﺎﲰـﺔ‬ittakada) to take a decisive step; ‫ ﺧﻄـﻮ ن وﻗﻔـﺰة‬kaṭwatan
wa qafza hop, skip and jump (athlet.)
‫ ﺧﻄﻴﺔ‬kaṭīya (= ‫ )ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺔ‬slip, lapse, transgression, fault, offense, sin
425
‫ ﺧﻄﺎة‬kuṭāh pl. of ‫ ﺧﺎﻃﺊ‬kāṭi’ sinner

‫ ﺧـﻒ‬kaffa i to be light (of weight); to be slight, insignificant; to become
lighter, decrease in weight, lose weight; to decrease in intensity, grow
lighter (color); to be nimble, agile, quick; to hasten, hurry, rush (‫ اﱃ‬to) II to
make lighter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), reduce the weight of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to ease, lighten, relieve,
soften (‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.o. s.th. difficult or oppressive, also ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ; ﻣـﻦ‬s.th., e.g.,
s.o.’s situation); to lessen, decrease, reduce, diminish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.th.); to
mitigate, alleviate, moderate, temper (‫ ه‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to thin, dilute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a
liquid); (gram.) to pronounce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a consonant) without tašdīd |‫ﻋﻨـﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻔـﻒ‬
kaffif ‘anka! cheer up! be of good cheer! ‫ﺧﻔــﻒ ﻣــﻦ ﺳــﺮﻋﺘﻚ‬ kaffif min
su‘atika! slow down! ‫ﻋﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ ﺧﻔـﻒ اﻵﻻم‬to soothe s.o.’s pains V to dress lightly;
to disburden, relieve o.s. (of a burden); to rid o.s., free o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.); to
hurry away (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from), leave (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.) in a hurry X to deem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) light; to
value lightly, disdain, scorn, despise (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.), look down (‫ ب‬upon),
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think nothing (‫ ب‬of), make light (‫ ب‬of), set little store (‫ ب‬by); not to take
seriously (‫ ب‬s.th.), attach no importance (‫ ب‬to); to carry away, transport (‫ه‬

s.o., e.g., joy)
‫ ﺧـﻒ‬kuff pl. ‫ ﺧﻔـﺎف‬kifāf, ‫ اﺧﻔـﺎف‬akfāf shoe, slipper; -- (pl. ‫ اﺧﻔـﺎف‬akfāf)
camel hoof; foot (of the ostrich); sole (of the foot) | ‫ﺣﻨـﲔ‬ ‫ رﺟـﻊ ﲞﻔـﻲ‬raja‘a bi-
kaffai ḥunain to return with empty hands, without having achieved one’s
mission; to accomplish nothing, fail, be unsuccessful
‫`ﺧﻔــﺔ‬kiffa lightless (of weight); slightness, insignificance, triviality;
sprightliness, buoyancy; agility, nimbleness; inconstancy, fickleness,
flightiness, levity, frivolity | ‫اﳊﺮﻛـﺔ‬
‫ ﺧﻔـﺔ‬k. al-ḥaraka, ‫ ﺧﻔـﺔ ﰲ اﳊﺮﻛـﺔ‬nimbleness,
agility, quickness; ‫ ﺧﻔـﺔ اﻟـﺪم‬k. ad-dam amiability, charm; ‫ ﺧـﻒ اﻟـﺮوح‬k. ar-rūḥ
do.; ‫ ﺧﻔﺔ اﻟﻴﺪ‬k. al-yad manual skill, dexterity, deftness
‫ اﺧـﻒ‬akaff2 lighter; lesser, slighter; weaker | ‫ اﺧـﻒ اﻟﻀـﺮرﻳﻦ‬a. ad-ḍararain

the lesser of two evils
‫ ﺧﻔﺎف‬kafāf, ‫ ﺣﺠﺮ اﳋﻔﺎف‬ḥajar al-k. pumice, pumice stone
‫ ﺧﻔﺎن‬kuffān pumice, pumice stone
426
‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ‬kafīf pl. ‫ ﺧﻔـﺎف‬kifāf, ‫ اﺧﻔـﺎف‬akfāf, ‫ اﺧﻔـﺎء‬akiffā’2 light (of weight);

slight, little, trivial, insignificant; thin, scanty, sparse; nimble, agile,
sprightly, lively; -- ‫ اﳋﻔﻴـﻒ‬name of a poetic meter |‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ اﳊﺮﻛـﺔ‬k. al-ḥaraka
easily movable, very mobile; nimble, agile; ‫ ﺧـﻒ اﻟـﺪم‬k. ad-dam amiable,
charming; ‫اﻟـﺮوح‬‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ‬k. ar-rūḥ likable, charming, winning, amiable; gay, in
high spirits, cheerful; ‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ اﻟﻈـﻞ‬k. az-zill likable, nice (person); ‫ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿـﲔ‬k. al-‘āriḍīn having a thin beard; ‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ اﻟﻌﻘــﻞ‬k. al-‘aql feeble-
minded, dimwitted; ‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬k. al-yad nimble-fingered, deft; ‫ﺷـﺎي ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ‬
weak tea
‫ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ‬takfīf lightening, easing; lessening, decrease, diminution; reduction;
allaying, mitigation, alleviation, palliation, moderation; commutation (jur.);
relief; thinning. dilution (e.g., of a liquid) |‫اﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴــﻒ‬ ‫ﻇــﺮوف‬ extenuating
circumstances (jur.)
‫ اﺳﺘﺨﻔﺎف‬istikfāf disdain, scorn, contempt; levity, frivolity
‫ ﻇﺮوف ﳐﻔﻔﺔ‬ẓurūf mukaffafa extenuating circumstances (jur.)
Confidential
‫ ﳐﻔﻒ‬mukaffaf thin, diluted
‫ ﺧﻔـﺖ‬kafata u (‫ ﺧﻔـﻮت‬kufūt) to become inaudible, die down, die away
(sound, voice); to become silent, become still III ‫ ﺑﺼـﻮﺗﻪ‬،‫ﺧﺎﻓـﺖ ﺑﻜﻼﻣـﻪ‬
kalāmihī, bi-ṣautihī) to lower one’s voice IV to silence, reduce to silence (‫ه‬
(bi-
s.o.) VIII = I
‫ ﺧﻔﻮت‬kufūt fading (radio)
‫ ﺧﻔـﺖ‬kāfit dying away, dying down, becoming silent; inaudible; faint,
dying, fading, trailing off (sound, voice); soft, subdued (light, color)
‫ ﳐﺘﻔﺖ‬muktafit soft, low, subdued
‫ ﺧﻔﺮ‬kafara u (kafr, ‫ ﺧﻔﺎرة‬kifāra) to watch (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. or over s.o., over
s.th.), guard, protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- kafira a (kafar, ‫ ﺧﻔـﺎرة‬kafāra) to be
timid, shy, bashful II = I kafara V = I kafira
‫ ﺧﻔﺮ‬kafr watching, watch, guard(ing)
‫ ﺧﻔﺮ‬kafar guard detachment, guard; escort | ‫ ﺧﻔﺮ اﻟﺴﻮاﺣﻞ‬coast guard (Eg.)
‫ ﺧﻔﺮ‬kafar timidity, shyness, bashfulness, diffidence
‫ ﺧﻔﺮ‬kafir bashful, diffident, timid, shy, embarrassed, coy
427
‫ ﺧﻔﲑ‬kafīr pl. ‫ ﺧﻔـﺮاء‬kufarā’2 watchman; protector, guardian; guard, sentry,

sentinel
‫ ﺧﻔﺎرة‬kafāra watch(ing), guard(ing), protection; guard duty
‫ ﳐﻔﺮ‬makfar pl. ‫ ﳐﺎﻓﺮ‬maḳāfir 2 guardhouse, guardroom; guard, control post
| ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬‫ ﳐﻔﺮ‬m. aš-šurṭa police station
‫ ﺧﺎﻓﺮة‬kāfira: ‫ ﺧﺎﻓﺮة اﻟﺴﻮاﺣﻞ‬k. as-sawāḥil coastguard cruiser (Eg.)
‫ ﳐﻔﻮر‬makfūr under escort, escorted; covered, sheltered, protected
‫ ﺧﻔـﺲ‬kafasa u (kafs) to ridicule, scorn (‫ ه‬s.o.), laugh, mock (‫ ه‬at); to
destroy, demolish, tear down (‫ ه‬a house)
‫ ﺧﻔﺶ‬kafaš day blindness, hemeralopia
‫ اﺧﻔـﺶ‬akfaš2, f. ‫ ﺧﻔﺸـﺎء‬kafšā’2, pl. ‫ ﺧﻔـﺶ‬kufš day blind, hemeralopic;
weak-sighted, afflicted with defective vision
‫ ﺧﻔﺎش‬kuffāš pl. ‫ ﺧﻔﺎﻓﺶ‬kafāfiš2 bat (zool.)
‫ ﺧﻔﺾ‬kafada i (kafḍ) to make lower (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to lower, decrease, reduce,
Confidential
lessen, diminish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to lower, drop (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also, e.g., the voice);
(gram.) to pronounce the final consonant of a word with i; to put (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a word)
in the genitive |‫( ﺧﻔـﺾ ﺟﻨﺎﺣـﻪ‬janāḥahū)to unbend toward s.o., show o.s.
open-minded, responsive, accessible to; -- kafuḍa u to be carefree, easy,
comfortable (life); to sink, dip, drop, settle, subside; to become low, drop to
an undertone (voice) II to lower, decrease, reduce (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., price) |‫ﺧﻔﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬
kaffiḍ ‘alaika! take it easy! ‫ﺧﻔـﺾ ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ ﺟﺄﺷـﻚ‬ (ja’šaka) cool off! calm
down! relax! IV ‫( اﺧﻔـﺾ ﺻـﻮﺗﻪ‬ṣautahū) he lowered his voice V and VII to
sink, dip, drop, settle, subside; to be lowered, be reduced (price); to
decrease, grow less; to be diminished
‫ ﺧﻔﺾ‬kafḍ lowering, lessening, decrease, diminution, reduction; subduing,
lowering, muffling (of the voice); curtailment, limitation, restriction; ease
(of life); (gram.) pronunciation of the final consonant with i |‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺧﻔـﺾ‬k.
al-qīma devaluation (of a currency); ‫ ﺧﻔـﺾ اﻟﻌـﻴﺶ‬k. al-‘aiš carefree, easy
life;‫ ﻫـﻮ ﰲ ﺧﻔـﺾ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌـﻴﺶ‬he lives in ease and comfort; ‫ ﺧﻔـﺾ اﻟﺼـﻮت‬k. aṣ-
ṣaut lowering of the voice; ‫ ﺣﺮف اﳋﻔﺾ‬ḥarf al-k. preposition (gram.)
‫ ﺧﻔﺾ‬kafiḍ low, soft, subdued (voice)
428
‫ ﲣﻔـﻴﺾ‬takfīḍ lowering, cutback, reduction (esp. of prices); diminution,

decrease, lessening, curtailment, restriction, limitation
‫ اﳔﻔـﺎض‬inkifāḍ sinking, dropping, subsidence; lowering, reduction; lessen
ing, decrease. diminution, decrement; dropping of the water level, low water
|‫ﺟﻮي‬ ‫( اﳔﻔﺎض‬jawwī) low-pressure area (meteor.)
‫ ﳐﻔﺾ‬mukaffaḍ lowered, reduced, low, moderate (price, rate); lower
‫ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬munkafiḍ low (altitude, frequency, price, etc.); soft, low, subdued,
muffled (voice) |‫اﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀـﺔ‬ ‫اﻷراﺿـﻲ‬ the Netherlands; -- munkafaḍ pl. -āt low
ground; depression (geogr.)
‫ ﺧﻔﻖ‬kafaāqa i u (kafq, ‫ ﺧﻔﻘـﺎن‬kafaqān, ‫ ﺧﻔـﻮق‬kufūq) to vibrate; to tremble,
shake; to beat, throb, palpitate (heart); to flutter, wave, stream (flag); to flap
the wings, flutter (bird); to waver, flicker; -- (kafq) to flash (lightning); to
beat, whip (‫ ه‬s.th.; eggs, cream, etc.); to make the sound of footsteps (shoe);
- (‫ ﺧﻔـﻮق‬kufūq) to drop one’s head drowsily, nod off, doze off (‫ﺧﻔﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺧﻔـﻖ‬k.
kafqatan); -- i (‫ ﺧﻔـﻮق‬kufūq) to set, go down (celestial body) II to roughcast,
plaster, stucco (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a wall) IV to flap the wings, flutter (bird); to set, go down
Confidential
(celestial body); to be unsuccessful, go wrong, fail, miscarry, come to
nothing, be abortive; to fail, be unsuccessful (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.)
‫ ﺧﻔـﻖ‬kafq throb(bing) palpitation; beating, beat; footfall, footstep, tread
(of a boot, of the foot)
‫ ﺧﻔﻘـﺔ‬kafqa pl. kafaqāt (n. vic.) beat, throb; tap, rap, knock; ticking noise,
tick
‫ ﺧﻔﻘـﺎن‬kafaqān palpitation of the heart, heartbeat; throb(bing), beat(ing);
fluttering, flutter
‫ ﺧﻔـﺎق‬kaffāq palpitant, throbbing (heart); fluttering, waving, streaming
(flag)
O ‫ ﳐﻔﻘﺔ‬mikfaga whisk, eggbeater
‫ اﺧﻔﺎق‬ikfāq failure, fizzle, flop, fiasco
‫ ﺧــﺎﻓﻖ‬kāfiq palpitant, throbbing (heart); fluttering, waving, streaming
(flag); ‫اﳋﻔﻘـﺎن‬ al-kafaqān East and West; ‫اﳋﻮاﻓـﻖ‬ al-kawāfiq the cardinal
points, the four quarters of the world
‫ ﺧﺎﻓﻘﻲ‬kāfiqī mortar, plaster, rough-cast; stucco
‫ ﺧﻔﺎن‬see ‫ﺧﻒ‬
429
‫ ﺧﻔـﻰ‬kafiya a to be hidden, be concealed; to be unknown (a fact; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to

s.o.); to disappear, hide |‫ان‬ ‫ ﻻ ﳜﻔـﻰ‬it is well known that ...; as everybody
knows ..., it is obvious that ... ; ‫ ﻻ ﳜﻔـﻰ ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ‬you know very well ..., you are
well aware (of it); -- kafā i to hide, conceal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to keep secret (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
IV to hide, conceal (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to afford (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.) a place to hide, shelter, hide (‫ﻫـ‬
s.o.); to keep secret (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to disguise, conceal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from
s.o.) |‫اﻟﺼـﻮت‬ ‫ اﺧﻔـﻰ‬to lower the voice, speak in an undertone V to hide, keep
o.s. out of view; to disguise o.s. VIII to hide, keep o.s. out of view; to
disappear, vanish; to be hidden, be unknown; to be lacking, be missing, be
absent |‫اﻷﻧﻈـﺎر‬‫ اﺧﺘﻔﻰ ﻋـﻦ‬to be hidden or disappear from sight X to hide, keep
o.s. out of view; to be hidden, be concealed; to be hidden from s.o.’s (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬
view, become invisible (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to s.o.), disappear from sight
‫ ﺧﻔــﻲ‬kafīy hidden, concealed; secret, unknown; unseen, invisible;
mysterious |‫اﻻﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻔـﻲ‬ k. al-ism anonymous; O ‫اﻧـﻮار ﺧﻔﻴـﺔ‬ (anwār) indirect
Confidential
lighting
‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﺔ‬kufyatan, kifyatan secretly, clandestinely, covertly; ‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﺔ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬without
his knowledge
‫ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ‬kafīya pl. ‫ ﺧﻔﺎ‬kafāyā a secret, a secret affair
‫ ﺧﻔﺎء‬kafa’ secrecy, hiddenness |‫ ﰲ اﳋﻔﺎء‬secretly, clandestinely, covertly; ‫ﻻ‬
‫( ﺧﻔﺎء ﰲ ان‬kafā’a) it is quite evident, it is quite obvious that ...
‫ اﺧﻔﺎء‬ikfā’ hiding, secretion; concealment; lowering of the voice
‫ ﲣﻒ‬takaffin disguise
‫ اﺧﺘﻔﺎء‬iktifā’ disappearance
‫ ﺧﺎف‬kāfin hidden, concealed; secret, unknown; unseen, invisible
‫ ﺧﺎﻓﻴـﺔ‬kāfiya pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮاف‬kawāfin a secret; -- pl. ‫ اﳋـﻮاﰱ‬al-kawāfī the coverts,
the secondaries (of a bird’s wing)
‫ ﳐﻔﻲ‬makfīy hidden, concealed
‫ ﻣﺘﺨﻒ‬mutakaffin disguised, in disguise
‫ ﳐﺘ ــﻒ‬muktafin hidden. Concealed, clandestine, covert, secret;
disappearing, vanishing
‫ ﳐﺘﻔﻰ‬muktafan hiding place, hide-out
430
‫ ﺧﺎﻗﺎن‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺧـﻞ‬kalla u (kall) to pierce, transfix (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to turn sour; to make sour,
to sour, acidify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pickle, marinate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to salt. cure with salt
or in brine (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to pick (‫ ﻫـ‬the teeth); to run the fingers (‫ ه‬through s.th.),
part, comb (‫ ﻫـ‬the hair, the beard, also with the fingers) III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) as
a friend IV to offend (‫ ب‬against), infringe, transgress (‫ ب‬s.th.); to violate,
break (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., a rule, a custom); to fail to fulfill, fail to meet (‫ ب‬an
agreement); to forsake, desert, abandon (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to disturb, upset,
harm, prejudice (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to be, lie or come between s.th. (‫ ;ﻫـ‬also in time),
intervene (‫ ﻫ ـ‬between); to be located or situated, be Interposed, be placed (‫ﻫ ـ‬
between); to Permeate, pervade, interpenetrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), mix, mingle, blend
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬with) VIII to be or become defective; to be in disorder, be faulty,
deficient, imperfect; to become disordered; to be upset, be unbalanced; to be
disturbed (order, system) |‫اﻟﺸﺮوط‬ ‫ اﺧﺘﻠﺖ‬the conditions are not fulfilled; ‫اﺧﺘﻞ‬
Confidential
‫ﺗﻮازﻧـﻪ‬ (tawāzunuhū) to lose
(‘aqluhū) to be mentally deranged
‫ ﺧﻞ‬kall vinegar
one’s balance, become unbalanced; ‫اﺧﺘـﻞ ﻋﻘﻠـﻪ‬
‫ ﺧﻞ‬kill, kull pl. ‫ اﺧﻼل‬aklāl friend, bosom friend

‫ ﺧﻠـﻞ‬kalal pl. ‫ ﺧـﻼل‬kilāl gap, interval, interstice; cleft, crack, rupture,
fissure; a defective, unbalanced state, imbalance; defectiveness,
imperfection; fault, flaw, defeat, shortcoming; disturbance, upset, disorder;
damage, injury, harm (that s.th. suffers or suffered); ‫ﺧـﻼل‬ kilāla during;
between; through |‫ﺧﻠـﻞ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬fī kalali and ‫ ﰲ ﺧـﻼل‬fī kilāli during; in the course
of, within, in a given period of; ‫ ﰲ ﺧﻼل ذﻟﻚ‬meanwhile, in the meantime; ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﺧـﻼل‬min kilāli across, through, right through the middle of; out of, from
within; (to judge, reason, draw conclusions, etc.) by, on the basis of, on the
strength of, (to recognize) from
‫ ﺧﻠــﺔ‬kalla need, want, luck; -- (pl. ‫( ﺧــﻼل‬kilāl) property, attribute,
peculiarity; characteristic; natural disposition
‫ ﺧﻠﺔ‬kulla pl. ‫ ﺧﻠﻞ‬kulal friendship
431
‫ ﺧـﻼل‬kilāl pl. ‫ اﺧﻠـﺔ‬akilla boring or drilling implement; peg, pin; spit,

skewer; (also ‫ ﺧﻼﻟﺔ‬pl. -āt) toothpick; see also ‫ ﺧﻠﻞ‬kalal
‫ ﺧﻠﻴـﻞ‬kalīl pl. ‫ اﺧـﻼء‬akillā’2, ‫ ﺧـﻼن‬kullān friend, bosom friend; lovers;
‫ اﳋﻠﻴﻞ‬Hebron (town in Jordanian Palestine) |‫ ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﷲ‬epithet of Abraham
‫ ﺧﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬kalīla pl. -āt girl friend, woman friend; sweetheart, paramour
‫ ام اﳋﻠﻮل‬umm al-kulūl river mussel (zool.)
‫ اﺧـﻼل‬iklāl pl. -āt breach, infraction, violation (of a law, of a treaty, and
the like); offence (against), transgression, infringement (of); disturbance (of
an order, of a system); impairment, injury, harm (to); average, damage, by
sea |‫ب‬ ‫‘( ﻣـﻊ ﻋـﺪم اﻻﺧـﻼل‬adami l-i.) without prejudice to, without detriment
to ‫ اﺧــﺘﻼل‬iktilāl deficiency, defectiveness, imperfection; (a falling into)
disrepair, deterioration; faultiness; disturbance (of a system, of a function, of
the equilibrium, etc.); disorder, confusion
‫ ﳐﻠﻞ‬mukallal pickled; salted; (pl. -āt) pickles, pickled vegetables
‫ ﳐﻞ‬mukill disgraceful, shameful |‫ ﳐﻞ ﻵداب‬immoral, indecent, improper
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻠـﺐ‬kalaba i u (kalb) to seize with the claws, clutch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), pounce (‫ﻫ ـ‬
on); -- u (‫ ﺧﻼﺑﺔ‬kilāba) to cajole, coax, wheedle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to inveigle, beguile,
bewitch, enchant (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻋﻘﻠـﻪ‬ ‘aqlahū s.o.’s mind); to charm, fascinate,
captivate (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to cajole, wheedle, coax. inveigle, beguile, bewitch,
enchant (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to seize with the claws, clutch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), pounce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on);
to cajole, inveigle, beguile, bewitch, enchant (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺧﻠﺐ‬kilb pl. ‫ اﺧﻼب‬aklāb fingernail, claw, talon
‫ﺑــﺮق ﺧﻠــﺐ‬ barqun kallābun and barqu kullabin lightning without a
downpour; a disappointing, disillusioning matter; ‫ﺧﻠـﺐ‬ and ‫ﺧﻠـﺐ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﺮق‬

delusion, illusion
‫ ﺧﻠﱯ‬kullabī: ‫( ﻓﺸﻚ ﺧﻠﺐ‬fašak) blank cartridges (Syr.; mil.)
‫ ﺧــﻼب‬kallāb gripping, captivating, fascinating; attractive, engaging,
winning; tempting, enticing; fraudulent, deceitful; deceptive, delusive,
fallacious
‫ ﺧﻼﺑﺔ‬kilāba engaging manners, attractiveness, charm
‫ ﳐﻠﺐ‬miklab pl. ‫ ﳐﺎﻟﺐ‬makālib claw, talon
432
‫ ﺧﺎﻟﺐ‬kālib = ‫ ﺧﻼب‬kallāb
‫ ﺧﻠﺒﺺ‬II kalbaṣa (eg.) to clown
‫ ﺧﻠﺒـﻮص‬kalbūṣ pl. ‫ ﺧﻼﺑـﻴﺺ‬kalābīṣ2, ‫ ﺧﻼﺑﺼـﺔ‬kalābiṣa (eg.) clown, buffoon,
harlequin
‫ ﺧﻠــﺞ‬kalaja i and III to be on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind, trouble, preoccupy,
prepossess (‫ ه‬s.o., s.o.’s mind; said of worries, doubts, etc.); to pervade, fill
(‫ ه‬s.o.; said of a feeling) | ‫ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬ ‫( ﺧـﺎﰿ‬qalbahū) to be uppermost in s.o.’s heart
V to be shaken, be convulsed, be rocked VIII to quiver, tremble, quake,
shake; to twitch (eye, limb, body); to animate, move, stir, inspire, fill,
pervade, possess (‫ﰲ‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬the heart; said of a feeling) | ‫( اﺧـﺘﻠﺞ ﻏﻤـﺎ‬gamman) to
be filled with sorrow, with grief (heart)
‫ ﺧﻠﺠﺔ‬kalja pl. ka1ajāt emotion, sentiment; scruple, qualm, misgiving
‫ ﺧﻠـﻴﺞ‬kalīj pl. ‫ ﺧﻠـﺞ‬kulj, ‫ ﺧﻠﺠـﺎن‬kuljān bay, gulf; canal; ‫ اﳋﻠـﻴﺞ‬name of
Cairo’s ancient city canal which was abandoned and leveled at the end of
the 19th century |‫اﻟﻔﺎرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ اﳋﻠﻴﺞ‬the Persian Gulf
‫ ﺧﻼج‬kilāj misgiving, doubt, scruple, qualm
Confidential
‫ اﺧﺘﻼﺟﺔ‬iktilāja (n. vic.) convulsion, jerk, twitch; tremor
‫ ﺧﺎﳉﺔ‬kālija pl. ‫ ﺧﻮاﰿ‬kawālij2 emotion, sentiment; scruple, qualm; idea
‫ ﺧﻠﺨﻞ‬kalkala to shake, convulse, rock (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to rarefy (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., air;
chem.- phys.) II takalkala to be shaken, be rocked; to come off, become
disjointed, become detached; to become loose, work loose; to be or become
rarefied (chem.- phys.)
‫ ﺧﻠﺨﻞ‬kalkal pl. ‫ ﺧﻼﺧﻞ‬kalākil2 anklet
‫ ﺧﻠﺨﺎل‬kalkāl pl. ‫ ﺧﻼﺧﻴﻞ‬kalākīl 2 anklet
‫ ﲣﻠﺨﻞ‬takalkul rarefication
‫ ﳐﻠﺨﻞ‬mukalkal and ‫ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬mutakalkil rarefied
‫ ﺧﻠـﺪ‬kalada u (‫ ﺧﻠـﻮد‬kulūd) to remain or last forever, be everlasting; to be
immortal, deathless, undying; to abide forever (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ب‬in, with); to remain,
stay (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬at a place) | ‫ﺧﻠـﺪ اﱃ اﻟﺮاﺣـﺔ‬to rest, relax; ‫ ﺧﻠـﺪ اﱃ اﻟﻨـﻮم‬to lie
down to sleep II to make eternal or everlasting, perpetuate, eternalize (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), make immortal, immortalize (‫ ﻫـ ـ‬s.o.); to make ineffaceable,
433
unforgettable (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; a memory); to remain, stay, abide, linger (‫ ب‬at, in a

place); to grow very old, enjoy a long life, be long-lived IV to eternize,
immortalize, make immortal (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.); to perpetuate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
remain, stay, abide, linger (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ب‬at, in a place) to be disposed, incline,
lean, tend (‫ اﱃ‬to) V to become eternal or immortal, perpetuate o.s. j to be or
become long, lasting, perpetual
‫ ﺧﻠــﺪ‬kuld infinite duration, endless time, perpetuity, eteruity | ‫دار‬
‫اﳋﻠﺪ‬Paradise, the hereafter
‫ ﺧﻠﺪ‬kuld mole (zool.)
‫ ﺧﻠﺪ‬kalad, pl. ‫ اﺧﻼد‬aklād mind, heart, spirit, temper
‫ ﺧﻠـﻮد‬kulūd infinite duration, endless time, perpetuity, eternity; eternal
life, immortality; abiding, remaining, staying
‫ ﲣﻠﻴﺪ‬taklīd perpetuation, eternization, immortalization
‫ ﺧﺎﻟـﺪ‬kālid everlasting, perpetual, eternal; immortal, deathless, undying;
unforgettable, glorious; pl. ‫ﺧﻮاﻟــﺪ‬ kawālid2 mountains |‫اﳋﺎﻟــﺪات‬ ‫اﳉﺰاﺋــﺮ‬ the
Confidential
Canary Islands
‫ ﳐﻠﺪ‬muklid disposed, inclined, tending (‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ﺧﻠـﺲ‬kalasa i (kals) to steal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pilfer, filch, swipe, purloin (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) III ‫( ﺧﻠﺴـﻪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬naẓara) to glance furtively at s.o. VIII to steal, pilfer,
filch, swipe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to get under false pretenses or by crooked means (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to embezzle, misappropriate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to spend secretly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬hours)
|‫اﱃ‬ ‫اﺧـﺘﻠﺲ اﳋﻄـﻰ‬ (kuṭā) to sneak up on s.o.; ‫)اﺧـﺘﻠﺲ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ اﱃ )ﰲ‬ to glance
furtively at s.o.
‫ ﺧﻠﺴﺔ‬kulsatan by stealth, stealthily, surreptitiously, furtively
‫ ﺧﻼﺳﻲ‬kilāsī mulatto, bastard
‫ اﺧﺘﻼس‬iktilās pl. -āt embezzlement, misappropriation, defalcation
‫ ﳐﺘﻠﺲ‬muktalis embezzler, defalcator
‫ ﺧﻠـﺺ‬kalaṣa u (‫ ﺧﻠـﻮص‬kulūṣ) to be pure, unmixed, unadulterated; to
belong (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to get, come (‫ اﱃ‬to), arrive (‫ اﱃ‬at); -- (‫ ﺧـﻼص‬kallāṣ) to be
or become free, be freed, be liberated (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), be cleared, get rid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of);

to be saved, be rescued, escape (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to be redeemed, be delivered,
434
attain salvation (Chr.); -- (colloq.) to be finished, be done, be through, be

over; to be all gone II to clear, purify, refine, purge, rectify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
clarify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a situation); to liberate, free, save, rescue (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), rid (.
s.o., ‫ ﻣﻦ‬of); to redeem, deliver (Chr.); to prepay the postage (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to pay
duty (‫اﻟﺒﻀـﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ on merchandise), clear (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬goods); to settle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a bill);
(colloq.) to finish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) |‫ﺣﻘﻪ‬
‫( ﺧﻠﺺ‬ḥaqqahū) to restore one’s right, secure
one’s due III to act with integrity, with sincerity (‫ ه‬toward s.o.), treat (‫ه‬
s.o.) fair and square; to get even, become quits (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to dedicate
(‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.); to be loyal (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to be devoted, be faithful (‫ ل‬to)
|‫( اﺧﻠـﺺ ﻟـﻪ اﳊـﺐ‬ḥubba) to love s.o. dearly; ‫( اﺧﻠـﺺ دﻳﻨـﻪ‬li-llāhi dīnahū) to
worship God faithfully and sincerely V to rid o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), free o.s. (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from), get rid (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of); to be freed, be delivered, be saved, be rescued, escape

(‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) VI to act with reciprocal integrity and sincerity; to be quits, be
even X to extract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to copy, excerpt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to
Confidential
abstract, take, gather, work out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., as the quintessence, ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to
deduce, infer, derive (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to discover, make out, find out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to select, choose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) ; to demand payment of a sum (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬and get it
(‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from s.o.) |‫ اﺳـﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻓﺎﺋـﺪة ﻣـﻦ‬to derive profit from, profit, benefit from;
‫( اﺳﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ وﻋﺪا‬wa‘dan) to exact a promise from s.o.

‫ ﺧﻼص‬kalāṣ liberation, deliverance, riddance; rescue, salvation (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from);
redemption (Chr.); payment, settlement, liquidation (of a bill); receipt;
placenta, afterbirth
‫ ﺧﻼﺻـﺔ‬kulāṣa pl. -āt excerpt; extract, essence; quintessence, substance,
gist (of s.th.); abstract, resume, summary, epitome; synopsis |‫ﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻـﺔ‬
(nihā’īya) summation (jur.); ‫( اﳋﻼﺻــﺔ اﻟﻼﻫﻮﺗﻴــﺔ‬al-lāhītīya) the “summa
theological” (of Thomas Aquinas); ‫‘( ﺧﻼﺻـﺔ ﻋﻄﺮﻳـﺔ‬iṭrīya) perfume essence;
‫واﳋﻼﺻـﺔ‬ in short, briefly, in a word (introducing a summary of the basic
ideas)
‫ ﺧﻠــﻴﺺ‬kalīṣ, pl. ‫ ﺧﻠﺼــﺎء‬kulaṣā’2 pure, clear, unmixed, unadulterated;
sincere, faithful, loyal; loyal adherent
435
‫ ﺧﻠﻮص‬kulūṣ clearness, purity; sincerity, candor; frankness

‫ ﺧﻼص‬kallāṣ (magr.) tax collector
‫ ﳐﻠﺺ‬maklaṣ safe place; refuge, escape, rescue, salvation, deliverance
‫ ﲣﻠـﻴﺺ‬taklīṣ clearing, purification, refining, rectification; clarification;
liberation, extrication, deliverance, rescue, salvation; payment, settlement,
liquidation; prepayment of postage (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); customs clearance, payment of
duty (‫اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on merchandise; also ‫)ﲣﻠﻴﺺ اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ ﳐﺎﻟﺼﺔ‬mukālaṣa pl. -āt receipt
‫ اﺧــﻼص‬iklāṣ sincere devotion, loyal attachment, sincere affection;
sincerity, frankness, candor; loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, allegiance (‫ ل‬to)
‫ ﲣﻠﺺ‬takalluṣ freedom, liberation, release, extrication, escape (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ اﺳـﺘﺨﻼص‬istiklāṣ extraction; excerption; derivation, deduction; selection;
collecting (of a sum of money)
‫ ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ‬kāliṣ pl. ‫ ﺧﻠـﺺ‬kullaṣ clear; pure, unmixed, unadulterated; sincere,
frank, candid, true; free, exempt (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) |‫اﻷﺟـﺮة‬ ‫ ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ‬k. al-ujra post-free;
Confidential
‫ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ اﻟـﺮد‬ k. ar-radd prepaid, reply paid for
(gumrug) dutyfree; ‫اﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬tax-exempt
‫ ﳐﻠﺺ‬mukalliṣ liberator; Savior, Redeemer (Chr.)
(telegram); ‫ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﻤـﺮك‬
‫ )ﳐﻠﺺ )ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬mukallaṣ (‘alaihi) postage paid

‫ ﳐﻠـﺺ‬mukliṣ devoted; sincere, frank, candid; loyal; faithful (‫ ل‬to s.o., to
s.th.); purehearted, virtuous, righteous; ‫اﳌﺨﻠـﺺ‬ (in letters) approx.: yours
truly …, sincerely yours ...
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬mustaklaṣ pl. -āt extract, excerpt
‫ ﺧﻠـﻂ‬kalaṭa i (kalṭ) to mix, mingle, commingle, blend (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to
confuse, confound, mix up (‫ ﺑﲔ‬two things; ‫ ﺑﲔ – وﺑﲔ‬s.th. with), mistake ( ‫ﺑﲔ‬
‫ و‬-- s.th. for) II to mix, mingle, commingle, blend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cause
confusion III to mix, mingle, blend, merge, fuse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to meddle (‫ﻫ ـ‬
in), interfere (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to mix, associate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to have to do (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) |‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺧـﺎﻟﻂ‬ (nafsahū) to befall, attack s.o. (pain, etc.); ‫ﺧـﻮﻟﻂ ﰲ ﻋﻘﻠـﻪ‬
kūliṭa fī ‘aqlihi to be or become disordered in mind VIII to be mixed, mix,
mingle, form a mixture or blend; to consist of a heterogeneous mixture, be
436
motley, promiscuous; to associate, be on intimate terms (‫ ب‬with); to be or

become confused, get all mixed up
‫ ﺧﻠـﻂ‬kalṭ mixing, blending; combination; mingling, commingling (‫ب‬
with); confusing, confounding, mistaking, mix-up, confusion
‫ ﺧﻠـﻂ‬kilṭ pl. ‫ اﺧـﻼط‬aklāṭ component of a mixture; ingredient; pl. mixture,
blend | ‫ اﺧـﻼط اﻻﻧﺴـﺎن‬the four humors of the human body (blood, phlegm,
yellow bile, and black bile); ‫ اﺧــﻼط ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬common people, populace,
rabble, riffraff, mob; ‫ ﺧﻠــﻂ ﻣﻠــﻂ‬kilṭ milṭ, kalṭ malṭ motley, pell-mell,
promiscuously
‫ ﺧﻠﻄﺔ‬kalṭa mixture, blend, medley
‫ ﺧﻠﻄﺔ‬kulta company; mixture
‫ ﺧﻼط‬and ‫ ﺧﻼﻃﺔ‬kallāṭa pl. -āt mixer, mixing machine
‫ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ‬kalīṭ mixed, blended; motley, heterogeneous, promiscuous; mixture,
blend (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬of); medley, hodgepodge; (pl. ‫ﺧﻠﻄــﺎء‬ kulaṭā’2) associate,
companion, comrade
Confidential
‫ ﲣﻠﻴﻂ‬taklīṭ pl. -āt insanity; delirium
‫ ﳐﺎﻟﻄﺔ‬mukālaṭa company, intercourse, association
‫ اﺧــﺘﻼط‬iktilāṭ (process of) mixing, blending; mingling, commingling;
confusion; mental disorder; (social) intercourse, association, dealings (‫ب‬
with)
‫ ﳐﻠﻮط‬maklūṭ pl. ‫ ﳐﺎﻟﻴﻂ‬makālīṭ2 mixture, blend; alloy
‫ ﳐﻠﻂ‬mukallaṭ confused, disordered
‫ ﳐﺎﻟﻂ‬mukālaṭ stricken, afflicted (‫ ب‬e.g., by a disease)
‫ ﳐﺘﻠﻂ‬muktaliṭ mixed | ‫ اﶈﺎﻛﻢ اﳌﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ‬the mixed courts, see ‫ﳏﻜﻤﺔ; ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﳐﺘﻠﻂ‬
coeducation
‫ ﺧﻠﻊ‬kala‘a a (kal‘) to take off, put off, slip off (‫ ﻫـ‬a garment); to doff, take
off (‫ ﻃﺮﺑﻮﺷـﺔ‬one’s tarboosh); to extract, pull (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a tooth); to wrench, dislocate,
luxate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a joint); to depose, remove, dismiss, discharge (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from an
office); to renounce, forgo, give up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), withdraw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from); to throw
off, cost off (‫‘ ﻋـﺬارﻩ‬idārahū one’s restraint, one’s inhibitions); to refuse
(‫ اﻟﻄﺎﻋـﺔ‬obedience); to disown, repudiate (‫ اﺑﻨـﻪ‬one’s son); to divorce (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬one’s
437
wife) in return for a compensation to be paid by her; to get through, have

done (‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.), be through, have gone through s.th. (‫ﻫ ـ‬, e.g., a hard day);
to impart (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to); to confer, bestow (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. upon s.o.), grant,
award (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.) | ‫( ﺧﻠـﻊ ﺛﻴﺎﺑـﻪ‬tiyābahū) to undress; ‫ﺧﻠﻌـﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻌـﺮش‬
(‘arš) to dethrone s.o.; ‫( ﺧﻠـﻊ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺧﻠﻌـﺔ‬kil‘atan) to bestow a robe of honor
upon s.o.; ‫( ﺧﻠـﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﺣـﻖ‬ḥaqqa) to arrogate to o.s. the right of ...; --
kalu‘a u (‫ ﺧﻼﻋـﺔ‬kalā‘a) to be dissolute, morally depraved II to take away,
remove, displace, dislocate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to knock out of joint, take or break
apart (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); pass. kulli‘a to fall to pieces, get out of joint III to divorce (‫ﻫﺎ‬
one’s wife, in return for a compensation to be paid by her) V to go to pieces,
fall apart, break; to become or be luxated, dislocated (joint); to take a
vacation in the country (tun.) | ‫(ﲣﻠـﻊ ﰲ اﻟﺸـﺮاب‬šarāb) to be addicted to
drinking, drink heavily VII to be displaced, be dislocated, be removed; to be
divested, be deprived, be stripped (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.), forfeit, lose (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫اﳔﻠـﻊ‬
‫( ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬qalbuhū) he was completely taken aback, he was alarmed, startled
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻠـﻊ‬kal‘ slipping off, taking off (of clothes); deposition (e.g., of a ruler);
dislocation, luxation |‫اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬ ‫ ﺧﻠﻊ‬extraction of teeth
‫ ﺧﻠـﻊ‬kul‘ khula, divorce at the instance of the wife, who must pay a
compensation (Isl. Law)
‫ ﺧﻠﻌﺔ‬kil‘a pl. ‫ ﺧﻠﻊ‬kila‘ robe of honor
‫ ﺧﻠﻴـﻊ‬kalī‘ pl. ‫ ﺧﻠﻌـﺎء‬kula‘a’2 deposed, dismissed, discharged (from an
office); repudiated, disowned; wanton, dissolute, dissipated, profligate,
morally depraved
‫ ﺧﻼع‬kallā‘ wild, unruly, wanton, shameless, impudent
‫ ﺧﻼﻋ ــﺔ‬kalā‘a dissoluteness, dissipation, profligacy, wantonness,
licentiousness, moral depravity; (tun.) recreation in the country, summer
vacation
‫ ﺧﻮﻟﻊ‬kaula’ fool, dolt, simpleton
‫ ﺧــﺎﻟﻊ‬kāli‘: ‫ ﺧــﺎﻟﻊ اﻟﻌــﺬار‬k. al-‘idār unrestrained, ;uninhibited, wanton;
libertine, debauchee, roué, rake
‫ ﳐﻠـﻮع‬maklū‘ unrestrained, uninhibited, wanton; wild, unruly; reckless,
heedless, irresponsible; crazy, mad
438
‫ ﺧﻠﻒ‬kalafa u to be the successor (‫ ه‬of s.o.), succeed (‫ ه‬s.o.): to follow (‫ه‬

s.o.), come after s.o. (‫)ه‬: to take the place of s.o. (‫)ه‬, substitute (. for s.o.):
to replace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to lag behind s.o. (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬: to stay behind (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬after
s.o.’s departure); to be detained, be held back, be kept away, stay away (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from) II to appoint as successor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to leave behind, leave (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to have descendants, have offspring III to be contradictory, contrary,
opposed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to): to conflict, clash, be at variance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to contradict (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.); to be different, differ, diverge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from), be inconsistent,
incompatible, not in keeping, not to harmonize (‫ ﻫـ‬with); to offend (‫ ﻫـ‬against
a command, a rule), break, violate, disobey (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a command, a rule) IV to
leave (‫ ه‬offspring, children); to compensate, requite, recompense (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.;
said of God): to break, fail to keep (‫ وﻋـﺪﻩ‬wa‘dahū one’s promise), go back

on one’s word; to disappoint (‫ اﻟﺮﺟـﺎء‬ar-rajā’a the hopes) V to stay behind; to
lag or fall behind (‫ ;)ﻋﻦ‬to stay, stay on, remain; to fail to appear or show up;
Confidential
to play truant; to be absent; to stay away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), not go (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to), not
attend (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) |‫ـﻲء‬ ‫( ﲣﻠـﻒ ﻋـﻦ ا‬majī’) to fail to come or arrive; ‫ﲣﻠـﻒ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫‘( اﻟﻌـﻮدة‬auda) not to return VI to disagree, differ, be at variance; to differ in
opinion, be of a different mind VIII to differ, be different, vary (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); to
be varied, varying, variable, various, diverse, dissimilar; to vary (‫ﺑــﲔ‬

between); to disagree, differ in opinion, be at variance, argue, quarrel,
dispute (‫ ﰲ‬about); to come or go frequently (‫ اﱃ‬to), frequent, patronize (‫ اﱃ‬a
place), visit frequently (‫ اﱃ‬s.o., s.th.), come and go (‫ اﱃ‬at); to come, descend
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.o.; said of afflictions), befall, overtake (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) X to appoint as
successor or vicar (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ ﺧﻠـﻒ‬kalf back, rear, rear part or portion; successors; kalfu and ‫ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻠـﻒ‬
min kalfu (adv.) at the back, in the rear; kalfa (prep.) behind, after, in the
rear of | ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ ﺟﺮى‬he ran after her: ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺧﻠـﻒ‬min kalfi behind, in the rear of;
‫ ﻣﻦ اﳋﻠﻒ‬from behind, from the rear; ‫ اﱃ اﳋﻠﻒ‬to the rear, backward, back; ‫اﱃ‬
439
‫ﺧﻠـﻒ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ in the wake of s.th.; ‫ﰲ اﳋﻠـﻒ‬ in the rear; at the back, in the
background
‫ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬kalfī rear, hind, hinder, back
‫ ﺧﻠﻒ‬kilf pl. ‫ اﺧﻼف‬aklāf test, nipple, mammilla
‫ ﺧﻠ ــﻒ‬kulf dissimilarity, disparity, difference, contrast, variance,
discrepancy
‫ ﺧﻠـﻒ‬kalaf pl. ‫ اﺧـﻼف‬aklāf substitute; successor; descendant, offspring,
scion
‫ ﺧﻠﻔـﺔ‬kilfa dissimilarity, disparity, difference; that which follows s.th. and
replaces it (e.g., second growth of plants, day and night, etc.)
‫ ﺧﻠﻴﻔـﺔ‬kalīfa pl. ‫ ﺧﻠﻔـﺎء‬kulafā’2, ‫ ﺧﻼﺋـﻒ‬kalā’if2 vicar, deputy; successor;
caliph; (formerly) senior official of the native administration in Tunis,
assigned to a ‫( ﻗﺎﺋﺪ‬formerly) title of the ruler of Spanish Morocco
‫اﳌﻨﻄﻘــﺔ اﳋﻠﻴﻔﻴــﺔ‬ al-minṭaqa al-kalīfīya the Caliphate Zone (formerly,

designation of Spanish Morocco)
‫ ﺧﻼﻓـﺔ‬kilāfa vicarship, deputyship; succession; caliphate, office or rule of
Confidential
a caliph: (formerly) administrative department of a ‫( ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬Tun.), see above
‫ ﳐﻼف‬miklāf pl. ‫ ﳐﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬makālīf2 province (Yemen)
‫ ﺧــﻼف‬kilāf pl. -āt difference, disparity, dissimilarity; divergence,
deviation; contrast, contrariety, incongruity, contradiction, conflict;
disagreement, difference of opinion (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬about); dispute, controversy;
kilāfa (prep.) beside, apart from, aside from |‫ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‬kilāfuhū (= ‫ )ﻏﲑﻩ‬other, the
like, ‫ﺧﻼﻓﻬـﻢ‬ others (than those mentioned), ‫وﺧﻼﻓـﻪ‬ and the like (after an
enumeration); ‫ ﲞـﻼف‬bi-kilāfi beside, apart 'from, aside from; contrary to, as
opposed to, unlike; ‫ ﺧﻼﻓﺎ ل‬kilāfan li contrary to, against, in contradiction to;
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺧـﻼف ذﻟـﻚ‬unlike that, contrary to that, on the contrary, on the other
hand
‫ ﺧﻼﰲ‬kilāfī controversial, disputed
‫ ﳐﺎﻟﻔـﺔ‬mukālafa pl. -āt contrast, contrariety; contradiction, inconsistency;
contravention, infringement, violation; misdemeanor (jur.; as distinguished
from ‫ ﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬and ‫ ;)ﺟﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬fine (for a misdemeanor)
440
‫ ﲣﻠـﻒ‬takalluf staying away, nonappearance, nonattendance, nonpresence,

absence, truancy (also ‫اﳊﻀـﻮر‬ ‫ ;)ﲣﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ‬staying behind, staying on; stopover
(railroad); backwardness
‫ اﺧـﺘﻼف‬iktilāf pl. -āt difference, dissimilarity, disparity; diversity, variety;
variant, variation; difference of opinion, disagreement; controversy | ‫اﻟﺮﻋﻴـﺔ‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﻼف اﳌﺬاﻫﺐ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ra‘īya, dīnīya) the subjects of every (= irrespective
of their) religious denomination; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﺧـﺘﻼف اﺣـﺰا ﻢ‬whichever party they
may belong to; ‫اﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ‬ ‫ اﻟﻔﻮاﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬all the different fruits, fruits of every kind
‫ ﳐﻠﻮﻓﺔ‬maklūfa pl. -āt camel saddle
‫ ﳐﻠـﻒ‬mukallaf left, left behind; left over; pl. ‫ ﳐﻠﻔـﺎت‬heritage, legacy,
estate; scraps, leftovers
‫ ﳐـﺎﻟﻒ‬mukālif divergent, varying, different; inconsistent, incompatible,
contradictory, contrasting, conflicting; transgressor (of a command)
‫ ﻣﺘﺨﻠـﻒ‬mutakallif residual; left over; retarded, backward, underdeveloped
(mentally, in growth, etc.); pl. -ūn one left behind; straggler; pl. ‫ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻔـﺎت‬
Confidential
heritage, legacy, estate; leftovers; scraps, refuse, offal |‫ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻔـﺔ‬
waste material, overburden, superstratum (in
waste water, sewage
‫( اﺗﺮﺑـﺔ‬atriba)
mining); ‫( اﳌﻴـﺎﻩ اﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔـﺔ‬miyāh)
‫ ﳐﺘﻠـﻒ‬muktalif different, varying, divergent (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); varied, various,

diverse; having a different opinion, disagreeing (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬about)
‫ )ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ )ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬muktalaf fīhi (‘alaihi) controversial, disputed
‫ ﺧﻠـﻖ‬kalaqa u (kalq) to create, make, originate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to shape, form,
mold (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); -- kaliqa a and kaluqa u to be old, worn, shabby (garment); --
kaluqa u (‫ ﺧﻼﻗﺔ‬kalāqa) to be fit, suitable, suited II to perfume (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to

wear out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), let (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) become old and shabby V pass. of II; to be
molded, be shaped (‫ ب‬by a model or pattern), change (‫ ب‬with a model); to
become angry VIII to invent, contrive, devise (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to fabricate, concoct,

think up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to attribute falsely (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. s.th.)
‫ ﺧﻠـﻖ‬kalq creation; making; origination; s.th. which is created, a creation;
creatures; people, man, mankind; physical constitution
441
‫ ﺧﻠـﻖ‬kulq, kuluq pl. ‫ اﺧـﻼق‬aklāq innate peculiarity; natural disposition,

character, temper, nature; -- pl. ‫ اﺧـﻼق‬aklāq character (of a person); morals;
morality | ‫اﳋﻠﻖ‬ ‫ ﺳﻮء‬sū’ al-k. ill nature; ‫ ﺳﻴﺊ اﳋﻠﻖ‬sayyi’ al-k. ill-natured; ‫ﺳﻬﻞ‬
‫اﳋﻠـﻖ‬ sahl al-k. complaisant, obliging; ‫ﺿــﻴﻖ اﳋﻠــﻖ‬ ḍayyiq al-k. impatient,
restless;‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻷﺧـﻼق‬ilm al-a. ethics; moral science, morals; ‫ﲰـﻮ اﻷﺧـﻼق‬
sumūw al-a. nobility of character; ‫ ﻣﻜـﺎرم اﻷﺧـﻼق‬noble manners, high moral
standards; ‫ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ اﻷﺧﻼق‬šurṭa al-a. vice squad
‫ ﺧﻠﻘﻲ‬kulqī ethic(al), moral | ‫ ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ ﺧﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬offenses against public morals
‫ ﺧﻠـﻖ‬kalaq (m. and f.) pl. ‫ ﺧﻠﻘـﺎن‬kulqān, ‫ اﺧـﻼق‬aklāq shabby, threadbare,
worn (garment)
‫ ﺧﻠﻘـﺔ‬kilqa pl. ‫ ﺧﻠـﻖ‬kilaq creation; innate peculiarity of character, natural
disposition, nature; constitution; physiognomy; kilqatan by nature
‫ ﺧﻠﻘﻲ‬kilqī natural, native, congenital, innate, inborn, inbred
‫ ﺧﻠﻘﺔ‬kalaqa rag, tatter
Confidential
‫ ﺧـﻼق‬kalāq share (of positive qualities, of religion) | ‫( ﻻ ﺧـﻼق ﻟـﻪ‬kalāqa)
disgraceful, ignominious, despicable; a worthless fellow, a good-for-nothing
‫ ﺧﻠﻴﻖ‬kalīq pl. ‫ ﺧﻠﻘـﺎء‬kulaqā’2 fit, qualified, suitable, appropriate (‫ ل‬,‫ ب‬for
s.th.,‫ ان‬to do s.th.); apt (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); in keeping with (‫)ب‬, adequate (‫ب‬
to), worthy (‫ ب‬of) |‫ ﳓـﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻘـﻮن ان‬it is (would be) only fair that we ..., we
should ..., we ought to ...; ‫ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻴﻖ ان‬he is apt to ..., it is only natural for him
that he ...; ‫ﻣﺆﳌﺎ‬
‫( ﺧﻠﻴﻖ ﺬا ان ﻳﻜﻮن‬mu’liman) this is apt to be paicful. it is only
natural that this is painful; ‫( ﻧﻈـﺮة ﻳﺴـﲑة ﺧﻠﻴﻘـﺔ ان ﺗﻘﻨﻌﻨـﺎ ن‬tuqni‘anā) no more
than a quick glance is apt to convince us that ...
‫ ﺧﻠﻮق‬kalūq of firm character, steadfast, upright
‫ اﺧﻠﻖ‬aklaq more adequate, more appropriate, more natural
‫ ﺧﻼق‬kallāq Creator, Maker (God)
‫ ﺧﻠﻴﻘـﺔ‬kalīqa the creation, the universe created by God; nature; natural
disposition, trait, characteristic; creatures, created beings; pl. ‫ ﺧﻼﺋـﻖ‬kalā’iq2
creatures, created beings
442
‫ اﺧﻼﻗـﻲ‬aklāqī moral; ethic(al); ethicist, moral philosopher |‫ﺟـﺮم اﺧﻼﻗــﻲ‬

(jurm) offence against public morals; ‫( اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ اﻷﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬falsafa) moral science,
moral philosophy; ethics
‫ أﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‬aklāqīya morality, moral practice
‫ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﱐ‬kulqānī dealer in old clothes
‫ ﺧﺎﻟﻖ‬kāliq creative; Creator, Maker (God)
‫ ﳐﻠﻮق‬maklūq created; (pl. -āt. ‫ ﳐﺎﻟﻴﻖ‬makālīq2) creature, created being
‫ ﳐﺘﻠﻖ‬muktaliq inventor, fabricator (of untruths)
‫ ﳐﺘﻠﻖ‬muktalaq fabricated, trumped up, invented, fictitious; apocryphal; pl.
-āt lies, falsehoods, fabrications, fictions
‫ ﺧﻠﻘﲔ‬kalqīn pl. ‫ ﺧﻼﻗﲔ‬kalāqīn2 caldron, boiler, kettle
1 ‫ ﺧﻠﻨﺞ‬kalanj heath, erica (bot.)
2 ‫ ﺧﻠﻨﺠـﺎن‬kulungān (eg.) (rhizome of) galingale (Polypodium Calaguala
Kz.; bot.)
‫ )ﺧﻼ )ﺧﻠـﻮ‬kalā u (kulūw, ‫ ﺧـﻼء‬kalā’) to be empty, vacant; -- (kuluw) to be
Confidential
free (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to be devoid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.), lack, want (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.), be in
need (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to be vacant (office); -- (‫ ﺧﻠـﻮة‬kalwa) to be alone (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬,‫ اﱃ‬,‫ب‬
with s.o., ‫ اﱃ‬also: with or in s.th.); to isolate o.s., seclude o.s.; to withdraw,
retire (‫ ﻟﻠﻤﺪاوﻟـﺔ‬li-l-mudāwala for deliberation; court, jury); to withdraw for

spiritual communion, in order to take counsel (‫ اﱃ‬with); to devote o.s., apply
o.s.. give one's attention (‫ ل‬to s.th.); ‫ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ ﺧـﻼ‬to forsake, desert s.o., leave s.o.
in the lurch; -- to pass (‫ ه‬s.o.), go by s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to pass, elapse, go by, be
bygone, past, over (time) |‫اﳉــﻮ‬ ‫( ﺧــﻼ ﻟــﻪ‬jaww) to have free scope. have
freedom of action; ‫( ﻻ ﳜﻠﻮ ﻣـﻦ ﲨـﺎل‬jamāl) it is not without a certain beauty;
‫( ﻻ ﳜﻠـﻮ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐـﺔ‬mubālaga) it is slightly exaggerated; ‫ ﻻ ﳜﻠـﻮ ﻣـﻦ ﻓﺎﺋـﺪة‬it is not
quits useless; ‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
‫ ﺧـﻼ اﱃ‬to be alone with o.s.; to commune with o.s., take
counsel with o.s., search one’s heart; ‫ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻋﺸــﺮ ﺳــﻨﻮات ﺧﻠــﺖ‬mundu ‘ašri
sanawātin kalat for the past ten years II to vacate, evacuate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
leave, leave alone (‫ ه‬s.o.); to release, let go (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to desist,
443
abstain, refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), give up (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) |‫ﺳـﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫( ﺧﻠـﻰ‬sabīlahū) to let s.o.

off, let s.o. go, release s.o.; ‫وﺑﲔ اﻟﺸﻲء‬ ‫ ﺧﻠﻰ ﺑﲔ ﻓﻼن‬to give s.o. a free hand in,
let s.o. have his own way with or in, let s.o. alone with; to open the way for
s.o. to; ‫ ﺧـﻞ ﻋﻨـﻚ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﳌﻴـﻮل‬kalli ‘anka h. l-muyūla desist from such desires!
IV to empty, void, drain, deplete (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th. of); to vacate, leave uninhabited
or untenanted (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a place); to evacuate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a city) |‫( اﺧﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬sabīlahū) to let
s.o. off, let s.o. go, release s.o.; ‫ اﺧﻠـﻰ اﻟﺴـﺒﻴﻞ ل‬to open the way for ...; ‫اﺧﻠـﻰ‬
‫( ﻃـﺮف‬ṭarafahū) to dismiss, discharge s.o., send s.o. away; to exonerate,
exculpate, clear s.o.; ‫( اﺧﻠـﻰ ﲰﻌـﻪ ل‬sam‘ahū) to be all ears for ..., listen
intently to ...; ‫ اﺧﻠـﻰ ﺑﻴﻨـﻪ وﺑـﲔ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘـﻮل‬to let s.o. say whatever he likes, let s.o.
talk freely V to give up, relinquish, forgo, abandon (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣــﻦ‬s.th.),
withdraw, resign (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to cede, leave, surrender (‫ ل ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. to

s.o.); to lay down (‫ ﻋﻦ‬an office) VIII to retire, withdraw, step aside, be alone
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣﻊ‬with)
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻠﻮ‬kilw free (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from), devoid (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
‫ ﺧﻠﻮ‬kulūw emptiness, vacuity; freedom (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ ﺧـﻼ‬kalā and ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﺧـﻼ‬with foll. acc. or genit.) except, save, with the
exception of
‫ ﺧـﻼء‬kalā’ emptiness, vacuity; empty space, void, vacancy, vacuum; open
country |‫اﳋـﻼء‬ ‫ ﲢـﺖ‬or ‫ ﰲ اﳋـﻼء‬under the open sky, outdoors, in the open air;
‫ ﺑﻴﺖ اﳋﻼء‬bait al-k. toilet, water closet
‫ ﺧﻠـﻮة‬kalwa pl. kalawāt privacy, solitude; seclusion, isolation, retirement;
place of retirement or seclusion, retreat, recess; secluded room; hermitage;
religious assembly hall of the Druses; booth, cabin |‫ﺧﻠـﻮة‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ alone; in
retirement, in seclusion; ‫اﳊﻤﺎم‬ ‫ ﺧﻠﻮة‬k. al-ḥammām bathhouse

‫ ﺧﻠـﻮي‬kalawī lonely, solitary, secluded, isolated, outlying; located in the
open country, rural, rustic, country |‫ﺧﻠﻮي‬ ‫( ﺑﻴﺖ‬bait) country house
‫ ﺧﻠﻰ‬kalīy pl. ‫ اﺧﻠﻴـﺎء‬akliyā’2 free (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), void, devoid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of) |‫ﺧﻠـﻰ اﻟﺒـﺎل‬
carefree, easygoing, happy-go-lucky
444
‫ ﺧﻠﻴـﺔ‬kalīya pl. ‫ ﺧـﻼ‬kalāyā beehive; cell (biol.) |‫( اﳋﻠﻴـﺔ اﳊﻴﻮﻳـﺔ اﻷوﱃ‬al-
ḥayawīya l-ūlā) protoplasm; ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ‬from within ..., from inside ..., out of ...
‫ ﳐﻼة‬miklāh nosebag
‫ ﲣﻠﻴﺔ‬takliya vacating, evaluation
‫ اﺧـﻼء‬iklā’ emptying, voiding, draining; clearing; vacating, evacuation
|‫ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ اﺧﻼء‬i. sabīlihī; his release
‫ ﲣــﻞ‬takallin relinquishment, abandonment, surrender, renunciation,
resignation (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.)
‫ اﺧﺘﻼء‬iktilā’ privacy, solitude
‫ ﺧـﺎل‬kālin empty, void; open, vacant (office, position); free, unrestrained,
untrammeled, unencumbered; free (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), devoid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of) |in numerous
‫ ﺧـﺎل ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﺋـﺪة‬useless,
compounds corresponding to Engl. -less or un-, e.g.,
‫( ﺧﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬sukkān) uninhabited, untenanted, unoccupied; ‫ ﺧﺎﱄ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬kālī
d-dain not bound by, without obligation to, free (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬from); ‫ﺧــﺎﱃ اﻟﺒــﺎل‬
Confidential
carefree, easygoing, happy-go-lucky; -- (pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮال‬kawālin) past, bygone
(time) |‫ اﻟﻘـﺮون اﳋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬the past centuries; ‫ ﰲ اﻻ م اﳋـﻮاﱄ‬fī l-ayyāmi l-kawālī in
the days past
‫ ﺧـﻢ‬kamma u (kamm) to sweep (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a room); -- i u (kamm, ‫ ﲬـﻮم‬kumūm) to
exude a rotten, foul smell; to rot, putrefy, decay
‫ ﺧﻢ‬kumm pl. ‫ اﲬﺎم‬akmām coop, chicken coop, brooder; poultry pen
‫ ﲬﺔ‬kamma putrid smell, stench
‫ ﺧــﺎم‬kāmm stinking, rotten, putrid, foul-smelling; kām look up
alphabetically
‫ ﳐﻢ‬mukimm stinking, rotten, putrid, foul-smelling
‫ ﲬﺞ‬kamija a (kamaj) to spoil, rot, decay
‫ ﲬـﺪ‬kamada u (‫ ﲬـﻮد‬kumūd) to go out, die (fire); to abate, subside, let up,
calm down, cease, die down IV to extinguish, put out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fire); to calm,
appease, placate, soothe, lull, still, quiet (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to suppress, quell (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);
to subdue, soften, deaden, dull (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to stifle, smother, kill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; fig.)
445
‫ ﲬـﻮد‬kumūd extinction; decline, degeneration, deterioration; quietness,

stillness, tranquility, calm; immobility, motionlessness
‫ اﲬــﺎد‬ikmād extinction, putting out; calming, soothing, placation,
appeasement, lulling, stilling; subduing, softening, dulling; settlement;
suppression, quelling (of a riot)
‫ ﺧﺎﻣﺪ‬kāmid dying; abating, subsiding; calm, tranquil, still, quiet
‫ ﲬـﺮ‬kamara u (kamr) and II to cover, hide, conceal (8 ‫ﻫ ـ‬.th.); to leaven,
raise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬dough); to ferment (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), cause fermentation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in) III to
permeate, pervade (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), mix, blend (‫ ﻫـ‬with); to possess, seize, overcome
(‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., an idea, a feeling) IV to leaven, raise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬dough); to ferment (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), cause fermentation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in); to harbor, entertain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bear a
grudge, feel resentment (‫ ل‬against s.o.) V to ferment, be in a state of

fermentation; to rise (dough); to veil the head and face (woman) VI to
conspire, plot, collude, scheme, intrigue (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against) VIII to ferment, be in
a state of fermentation; to rise (dough); to become ripe, ripen (also fig.: an
idea in s.o.’s mind)
Confidential
‫ ﲬﺮ‬kamr m. and f., pl. ‫ ﲬﻮر‬kumūr wine; pl. alcoholic beverages, liquor
‫ ﲬﺮة‬kamra wine
‫ ﲬﺮي‬kamrī golden brown, reddish brown, bronze-colored (actually, wine-
colored)
‫ ﲬﺮﻳﺔ‬kamrīya pl. -āt wine poem, bacchanalian verse
‫ ﲬـﺎر‬/fimar pl. ‫ اﲬـﺮة‬akmira, ‫ ﲬـﺮ‬kumur veil covering head and face of a
woman
‫ ﲬﺎر‬kumār aftereffect of intoxication, hang-over
‫ ﲬـﲑ‬kamīr leavened (dough); ripe, mature, mellow; leaven; leavened
bread
‫ ﲬـﲑة‬kamīra pl. ‫ ﲬـﺎﺋﺮ‬kamā’ir2 leaven; ferment; barm, yeast; enzyme
(chem.); (fig.) starter, nucleus, basis (from which s.th. greater develops)
‫ ﲬﺎر‬kammār wine merchant, keeper of a wineshop
‫ ﲬﺎرة‬kammāra wineshop, tavern
‫ ﲬﲑ‬kimmīr winebibber, drunkard, tippler, sot
‫ ﲣﻤﲑ‬takmīr leavening, raising (of dough); fermenting, fermentation
‫ اﺧﺘﻤﺎر‬iktimār (process of) fermentation
446
‫ ﳐﻤﻮر‬makmūr drunk, intoxicated, inebriated

‫ ﳐﺘﻤﺮ‬muktamir fermenting, fermented; alcoholic
‫ ﲬـﺲ‬II to quintuple, make fivefold, multiply by five (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make
pentagonal (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to divide into five parts (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﲬــﺲ‬kums pl. ‫ ﲬــﺲ‬akmās one fifth |‫ ﺿــﺮب اﲬﺎﺳــﻪ ﰲ اﺳﺪاﺳــﻪ‬ḍaraba
akmāsahū fī asdāsihī and ‫ﻷﺳـﺪاس‬ ‫( ﺿـﺮب اﲬﺎﺳـﺎ‬li-asdāsin) to rack one’s brain
in search of a way out; to be at one’s wit’s end; to scheme, intrigue
‫ ﲬﺴﺔ‬kamsa (f. ‫ ﲬﺲ‬kams) five
‫ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬kamsata ‘ašara (f. ‫ ﲬﺲ ﻋﺸﺮة‬kamsa ‘ašrata) fifteen
‫ ﲬﺴـﻮن‬kamsūn fifty | ‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪ اﳋﻤﺴـﲔ‬īd al-k. Whitsuntide, Pentecost; ‫اﺣـﺪ‬
‫ اﳋﻤﺴـﲔ‬aḥad al-k. Whitsunday; ‫ أ م اﳋﻤﺴـﲔ‬ayyām al-kamsīn the period of
about 50 days between Easter and Whitsuntide; ‫ ﲬﺴـﲔ‬and ‫ ﲬﺎﺳـﲔ‬khamsin,
a hot southerly wind in Egypt
‫‘ ﻋﻴﺪ ﲬﺴﲔ‬īd kamsīn 50th anniversary
Confidential
‫ ﲬـﻴﺲ‬kamīs and ‫ ﻳـﻮم اﳋﻤـﻴﺲ‬yaum al-k. Thursday |‫ ﲬـﻴﺲ اﳉﺴـﺪ‬k. al-jasad
Corpus Christi Day (Chr.); ‫ ﲬـﻴﺲ اﻟﻔﺼـﺢ‬k. al-fiṣḥ, ‫ ﲬـﻴﺲ اﻷﺳـﺮار‬k. al-asrār,
and ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
‫ ﲬﻴﺲ‬k. al-‘ahd Maundy Thursday (Chr.)
‫ ﲬﺎس‬kammās pl. ‫ ﲬﺎﺳﺔ‬kamāmisa (magr.) sharecropper receiving one fifth
of the crop as wages
‫ ﲬﺎﺳـﻲ‬kumāsī fivefold, quintuple; consisting of five consonants (gram.)
|‫( ﲬﺎﺳﻲ‬zawāyā) pentagonal, five-cornered
‫ ﲬﻴﺴـﺔ‬kumaisa (mor. Pronounced kmīsa) ornament in the shape of a hand
(worn by women and children as a talisman against the evil eye)
‫ اﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬al-kāmis the fifth
‫ ﳐﻤ ــﺲ‬mukammas pentagonal, five-cornered; pentagon; fivefold,
quintuple; O pentameter
‫ ﲬـﺶ‬kamaša i u (kamš) and II to scratch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., the face, the skin, with
the nails)
‫ ﲬﺶ‬kamš pl. ‫ ﲬﻮش‬kumūš scratch, scratch mark, scar
‫ ﲬﺎﺷﺔ‬kumāša pl. -āt scratch, scar
‫ ﲬﺺ‬kamaṣa u and kamiṣa a to be empty, hungry (stomach)
447
‫ ﲬـﻴﺺ‬kamīs ‫ ﲬـﻴﺺ اﻟـﺒﻄﻦ‬k. al-baṭn, ‫ ﲬـﻴﺺ اﳊﺸـﺎ‬k. al-ḥašā with an empty

stomach, hungry
‫ اﲬـﺺ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬akmaṣ al-qadam pl. ‫ اﺧـﺎﻣﺺ‬akāmiṣ2 hollow of the sale (of the
foot) | ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮأس اﱃ اﲬﺺ اﻟﻘﺪم‬from head to toe
‫ ﲬﻊ‬kama‘a a (kam‘, ‫ ﲬﻮع‬kumū‘) to limp, walk with a limp
‫ ﲬـﻞ‬kamala u (‫ ﲬـﻮل‬kumūl) to be unknown, obscure, undistinguished; to
be weak, languid
‫ ﲬﻞ‬kami and ‫ ﲬﻠﺔ‬kamla nap, the rough, hairy surface of a fabric; fibers
‫ ﲬﻞ‬kamil languid, sluggish, dull, listless
‫ ﲬـﻮل‬kumūl obscurity; weakness lassitude, languor, lethargy; indolence,
sluggishness, inactivity; apathy, indifference; sleepiness, drowsiness
‫ ﲬﻴﻠـﺔ‬kamīla pl. ‫ ﲬﺎﺋـﻞ‬kamā’il2 place with luxuriant tree growth; thicket,
brush, scrub
‫ ﺧﺎﻣــﻞ‬kāmil unknown, obscure, undistinguished, unimportant, minor;
weak, languid, sluggish
‫ ﳐﻤﻞ‬mukmal velvet-like fabric, velvet
Confidential
‫ ﳐﻤﻠﻲ‬mukmalī velvety |‫( ﺟﻠﺪ ﳐﻤﻠﻲ‬jild) deerskin, buckskin
‫ ﲬـﻦ‬II to guess, conjecture, surmise; to make conjectures (‫ ﻫ ـ‬as to); to
assess, appraise, estimate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﲣﻤـﲔ‬takmīn appraisal, assessment, estimation; ‫ ﲣﻤﻴﻨـﺎ‬takmīnan and ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ ﲣﻤﲔ‬approximately, roughly
‫ ﲬﻦ‬mukammin appraiser, assessor
1 ‫ﺧـﻦ‬kanna i (‫ ﺧﻨـﲔ‬kanīn) to speak nasally, nasalize; to twang, speak
through the nose
‫ ﺧﻨﺔ‬kunna nasal twang
‫ ﺧﻨﲔ‬kanīn twanging, nasal twang
‫ اﺧﻦ‬akann2, f. ‫ ﺧﻨﺎء‬kanna’2 twanging, speaking through the nose
2‫ ﺧﻦ‬kunn (= ‫ ﺧﻢ‬kumm) pl. ‫ اﺧﻨﺎن‬aknān coop. chicken coop, brooder
‫ ﺧﻨـﺚ‬kanita a to be soft, effeminate V to display effeminate manners,

become or be effeminate
‫ ﺧﻨﺚ‬kanit oft, effeminate
448
‫ ﺧﻨﺜﻰ‬kuntā pl. ‫ ﺧﻨﺎث‬kināt, ‫ ﺧﻨﺎﺛﻰ‬kanatā hermaphrodite

‫ ﺧﻨﻮﺛﺔ‬kunūta effeminacy
‫ ﲣﻨﺚ‬takannut effeminacy
‫ ﳐﻨﺚ‬mukannat bisexual; effeminate; powerless, impotent, weak
‫ ﺧﻨﺠﺮ‬kanjar pl. ‫ ﺧﻨﺎﺟﺮ‬kanājir2 dagger
‫ ﺧـﻨﺨﻦ‬kankana to nasalize, speak, nasally; to twang, speak through the
nose
‫ ﺧﻨـﺪق‬kandaqa to dig a ditch or trench (‫ ;)ﺧﻨـﺪﻗﺎ‬to take up positions,
prepare for battle
‫ ﺧﻨﺪق‬kandaq pl. ‫ ﺧﻨﺎدق‬kanādiq2 ditch; trench
‫ ﺧﻨﺰواﻧﻴﺔ‬kunzuwānīya megalomania
‫ ﺧﻨﺰب‬kanzab Satan, Devil
‫ ﺧﻨﺰﻳـﺮ‬kinzīr pl. ‫ ﺧﻨـﺎزﻳﺮ‬kanāzir2 swine, pig, hog; ‫( ﺧﻨﺰﻳـﺮ ﺑـﺮي‬barrī) wild hoar;
‫ ﺧﻨﺎزﻳﺮ‬scrofula, scrofulosis (med.)
‫ ﺧﻨﺰﻳﺮة‬kinzīra sow
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻨﺎزﻳﺮي‬kanāzīrī scrofulous
‫ اﳋﻨــﺎس‬al-kannās epithet of the Devil (properly speaking, he who
withdraw, when the name of God is mentioned)
‫ اﺧﻨﺲ‬aknas f. ‫ ﺧﻨﺴﺎء‬kansā’2, pl. ‫ ﺧﻨﺲ‬kuns pug-nosed
‫ ﺧﻨﺸﺎر‬kinšār fern (bot.)
‫ ﺧﻨﻮص‬kinnauṣ pl. ‫ ﺧﻨﺎﻧﻴﺺ‬kanānīṣ2 piglet
‫ ﺧﻨﺼـﺮ‬kinṣir pl. ‫ ﺧﻨﺎﺻـﺮ‬kanāṣir2 little finger |‫ ﻋﻘـﺪ اﳋﻨﺼـﺮ )اﳋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to
give s.th. top-rating because of its excellence, put s.th. above everything else
‫ ﺧﻨﻊ‬kana‘a a (‫ ﺧﻨﻮع‬kunū‘) to yield, surrender, bow, stoop (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.).
humble o.s., cringe (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬before s.o.)
‫ ﺧﻨـﻮع‬kanū‘ submissive, servile, meek, humble; treacherous, perfidious,
disloyal
‫ ﺧﻨﻮع‬kunū‘ submissiveness, meekness, servility
‫ ﺧﻨﻒ‬kanaf (eg.) twanging, nasal twang
‫ ﺧﻨﻔﺮ‬kanfara to snuffle, snort
‫ ﺧﻨﻔﺲ‬kunfus and ‫ ﺧﻨﻔﺴﺎء‬kunfusā’2 pl. ‫ ﺧﻨﺎﻓﺲ‬kanāfis2 dung beetle, scarab
449
‫ ﺧﻨـﻖ‬kanaqa u (kanq) to choke (‫ ه‬s.o.); to suffocate, stifle, smother,

strangle, throttle, choke to death (‫ ه‬s.o.); to throttle down (techn.; ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
slow down, cut, check, suppress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to quarrel, have a fight (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) VI to quarrel, dispute, have a fight (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o.) VII pass. of I; VIII to
he throttled, be suppressed; to be tight, constricted (throat); to be strangled,
be choked to death
‫ ﺧﻨـﻖ‬kanq strangling, strangulation; throttling, suppression | ‫ﺧﻨـﻖ اﻷﻧـﻮار‬k.
al-anwāar dim-out
‫ ﺧﻨﻘﺔ اﻟﻴﺪ‬kanqat (kunqat) al-yad wrist
‫ ﺧﻨـﺎق‬kunāq suffocation; angina (med.); kunāq and ‫ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮق‬kānūq quinsy,
diphtheria (med.); pl. ‫ ﺧﻮاﻧﻖ‬kawāniq2 and ‫ ﺧﻮاﻧﻴﻖ‬kawānīq2 do.
‫ ﺧﻨﺎق‬kannāq choking, throttling, strangling
‫ ﳐﻨـﻖ‬maknaq neck, throat |‫ أﺧـﺬﻩ ﲟﺨﻨﻘـﻪ‬to grab s.o. by the throat, bear down
on s.o.; to have power over s.o.
‫ ﺧﻨـﺎق‬kināq strangling cord; neck, throat |‫( ﺿـﻴﻖ اﳋﻨـﺎق ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ḍayyaqa) to
Confidential
tighten the grip around s.o.’s throat, tread on s.o.’s neck, oppress s.o., beset
s.o. grievously; ‫ﲞﻨﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ أﺧﺬ‬to grab s.o. by the throat
‫ ﺧﻨﺎق‬kināq and ‫ ﺧﻨﺎﻗﺔ‬kināqa quarrel, fight, row
‫ اﺧﺘﻨﺎق‬iktināq suffocation, asphyxiation; constriction; asphyxia (med.)
‫ ﺧــﺎﻧﻖ‬kāniq choking, strangling; suffocating, asphyxiating, stifling,
smothering; throttling, throttle· (in compounds; tech.); (pl. ‫ ﺧﻮاﻧـﻖ‬kawāniq2)
choke coil, reactor (radio); gorge, ravine, canyon | ‫ ﻏـﺎز ﺧـﺎﻧﻖ‬asphyxiating
gas; ‫ ﺧﺎﻧﻖ اﻟﺬﺋﺐ‬k. ad-di’b wolfsbane, monkshood, aconite (bot.)
‫ ﳐﻨــﻮق‬maknūq strangled; suffocated, stifled, smothered; suppressed,
choking (voice, laughter, etc.); constricted; strangulated; throttled
‫ ﳐﺘﻨﻖ‬muktaniq crammed, jammed, crowded, chock-full (‫ ب‬with)
(‫ ﺧﻨـﻮ‬and ‫ﺧـﲎ( ﺧﻨـﺎ‬ kanā u, ‫ﺧـﲏ‬ kaniya a (‫ ﺧـﲎ‬kanan) to use obscene
language IV to hit hard, afflict grievously, wear down, ruin, destroy, crush
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., s.th.; said of fate)
‫ ﺧـﲎ‬kanan obscene language; s.th. indecent or obscene; prostitution;
fornication
450
‫ ﺧﻮاﺟﺔ‬kawāja pl. -āt sir, Mr. (title and form of address, esp., for Christians
and Westerners, used with or without the name of the person so addressed)
‫ ﺧﻮان‬kuwān, kiwān pl. ‫ اﺧﻮﻧﺔ‬akwina, ‫ اﺧﺎوﻳﻦ‬akāwīn2 table |‫ ﺧﻮان اﻟﺰﻳﻨـﺔ‬k. az-
zīna dressing table
‫ ﺧﻮﺟﺔ‬kōga (eg.) teacher, schoolmaster
‫ ﺧﻮخ‬II (eg.) to rot, decay, spoil
‫ ﺧﻮخ‬kauk (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬peach (eg.); plum (syr.)
‫ ﺧﻮﺧـﺔ‬kauka pl. kuwak skylight, windowlike opening; wicket (of a canal
lock, of a gate); (eg.) alley connecting two streets
‫ ﺧﻮذة‬kūda pl. -āt, ‫ ﺧﻮذ‬kuwad helmet
1‫)ﺧـﻮر‬ ‫ )ﺧـﺎر‬kāra (‫ ﺧـﻮار‬kuwār) to low, moo (cattle); -- ‫ ﺧـﻮر‬kawira a (‫ﺧـﻮر‬
kawar) and ‫ ﺧـﺎر‬kāra u to decline in force or vigor; to grow weak, spiritless,
languid, to languish, flag; to dwindle, give out (strength)
‫ ﺧﻮر‬kaur pl. ‫ اﺧﻮار‬akwār, ‫ ﺧﲑان‬kīrān inlet, bay
‫ ﺧﻮر‬kawar weakness, fatigue, enervation, languor, lassitude
‫ ﺧﻮار‬kuwār lowing, mooing
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻮار‬kawwār weak, languid, strengthless
2‫ ﺧﻮري‬kūrī pl. ‫ ﺧﻮرﻧﺔ‬kawārina parson, curate, priest; see also under ‫ﺧﲑ‬
‫ ﺧﻮرس‬kūrus choir (of a church)

‫ ﺧـﻮزق‬kauzaqa to impale (‫ ه‬s.o.); to comer, drive into a comer, get into a
bad fix (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺧﺎزوق‬see ‫ﺧﺰق‬
‫ ورق ﺧﻮﺷﻖ‬waraq kaušaq wrapping paper; blotting paper
1‫ ﺧﻮص‬kūṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬palm leaves
‫ ﺧﻮﺻـﺔ‬kūṣa (eg.) plaitwork of palm leaves (resembling that of Panama

hats; used as a tarboosh lining)
‫ ﺧﻮاﺻﺔ‬kiwwāṣa art of palm-leaf plaiting
2‫ ﺧﻮص‬kawaṣ and ‫ اﺧﻮص‬see ‫ﺧﻮص‬
3‫ ﺧﻮﻳﺼﺔ‬see ‫ﺧﺺ‬
ّ
1‫)ﺧـﻮض‬ ‫ )ﺧـﺎض‬kāḍ‫ ﻫ ـ‬u (kauḍ, ‫ ﺧﻴـﺎض‬kiyāḍ) to wade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into water); to
plunge, dive, rush (‫ ﻫـ‬into s.th.), tackle courageously (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), embark boldly
451
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to penetrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬into), become absorbed, engrossed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in);

to go into a subject (‫)ﰲ‬, take up (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ﰲ‬subject), deal (‫ ﰲ‬with) |‫ﺧـﺎض اﳌﻌﺮﻛـﺔ‬
(ma‘raka) to rush into battle; ‫( ﺧـﺎض ﻏﻤـﺎر اﳊـﺮب‬gimāra l-ḥarb) to enter the
war
‫ ﺧـﻮض‬kawḍ, plunge, rush (into); entering, entry (into, e.g., into war, into
negotiations); penetration; search (‫ ﰲ‬into), examination, discussion,
treatment (‫ ﰲ‬of a subject)
‫ ﳐﺎﺿﺔ‬makāḍa pl. -āt, ‫ ﳐﺎوض‬makāwiḍ2 ford
2‫ ﳐﺎض‬see ‫ﳐﺾ‬
‫ )ﺧـﺎف )ﺧـﻮف‬kāfa (1st pers. perf. kiftu) a (kauf, ‫ ﳐﺎﻓـﺔ‬makāata, ‫ ﺧﻴﻔـﺔ‬kīfata)

to be frightened, scared; to be afraid (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬. of), dread (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.
or s.th.); to fear (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o., for s.th.; ‫ ان‬that) II and IV
to frighten, scare, alarm, fill with fear (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ ﺧـﻮف‬kauf fear, dread (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); ‫ ﺧﻮﻓـﺎ‬kaufan for fear (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), fearing (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Confidential
for)
‫ ﺧﻴﻔﺔ‬kīfa fear, dread (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
‫ ﺧﻮاف‬kawwāf, ‫ ﺧﻮﻳﻒ‬kawīf fainthearted, fearful, timid, timorous; coward,
poltroon
‫ اﺧﻮف‬akwaf2 more timorous; more dreadful, more to be feared
‫ ﳐﺎﻓﺔ‬makāfa fear, dread |‫( ﳐﺎﻓﺔ ان‬makāfatan) for fear that ..., afraid that ...
‫ ﳐـﺎوف‬makāwif2 (pl. zu ‫ )ﳐﺎﻓـﺔ‬fears, apprehensions, anxieties; horrors,
dangers, perils
‫ ﲣﻮﻳـﻒ‬takwīf and ‫ اﺧﺎﻓـﺔ‬ikāfa intimidation, bullying, cowing, frightening,
scaring
‫ ﲣﻮف‬takawwuf fear, dread
‫ ﺧـﺎﺋﻒ‬kā’if pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮف‬kuwwaf fearful, timid, timorous; scared, frightened,
alarmed (‫ ﻣﻦ‬by); afraid (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of); anxious (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬about), apprehensive (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for)
‫ ﳐﻮف‬makūf feared, dreaded; dangerous, perilous
‫ ﳐﻴﻒ‬mukīf fear-inspiring, frightful, dreadful, terrible, horrible
‫ ﺧﺎﻛﻰ‬look up alphabetically
452
‫ ﺧﻮل‬II to grant, accord, give, concede (‫ ﻫـ ه‬to s.o. s.th., also ‫ ;ﻫـ ل‬esp., the
right, the power to do s.th.), bestow, confer (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬upon s.o. s.th., also ‫)ﻫ ـ ل‬,
vest, endow (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. with s.th., also. ‫)ل‬
‫ ﺧـﺎل‬kāl pl. ‫ اﺧـﻮال‬akwāl, ‫ ﺧـﺆول‬ku’ūl, ‫ ﺧﻮﻟـﺔ‬ku’ūla (maternal) uncle; -- (pl.
‫ ﺧﻴﻼن‬kīlān) mole, birthmark (on the face);
O patch, beauty spot
‫ ﺧﺎﻟﺔ‬kāla pl. -āt (maternal) aunt
‫ ﺧﻮل‬kawal chattels, property, esp., that consisting in livestock and slaves;
servants; (eg.) dancer; effeminate person, sissy
‫ ﺧﻮﱃ‬kaulī supervisor, overseer (of a plantation); gardener
‫ ﺧﺆوﻟﺔ‬ku’ūla relationship of the maternal uncle
‫ ﳐﻮل‬mukawwal authorized (‫ ب‬to)
‫ ﺧﺎم‬look up alphabetically
1‫)ﺧـﻮن‬ ‫ )ﺧـﺎن‬kana u (kaun, ‫ ﺧﻴﺎﻧـﺔ‬kiyāna) to be disloyal, faithless, false,
treacherous, perfidious, act disloyally, treacherously, perfidiously (‫ ه‬toward
Confidential
s.o.); to betray (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cheat, dupe, gull, hoodwink (‫ ه‬s.o.), impose (‫ه‬
upon), deceive (‫ زوﺟﺘـﻪ‬one’s wife); to fool, deceive, mislead (‫ ه‬s.o.; said,
e.g., of the memory); to forsake, let down, desert (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fail (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g.,
the voice, and the like); to fail to keep (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a promise), break (‫ﻋﻬـﺪا‬
‘ahdan a contract) II to regard as or call faithless, false, disloyal,
treacherous, dishonest, unreliable (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distrust, mistrust (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
impair, harm, hurt, prejudice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII to dupe, gull, cheat, deceive,
double-cross, betray (‫ ه‬s.o.) X ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﻮن‬istakwana to distrust, mistrust (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺧﻴﺎﻧـﺔ‬kiyāna faithlessness, falseness, disloyalty, treachery, perfidy; breach
of faith, betrayal; treason; deception, fooling |‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧـﺔ‬
‫ ﺧﻴﺎﻧـﺔ‬k. al-amāna breach
of faith; ‫‘( ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻈﻤﻰ‬uẓmā) high treason; ‫ ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻮﻋﻮد‬breach of promise
‫ ﺧـﺆون‬ka’ūn faithless, false, disloyal, traitorous, treacherous, perfidious;
unreliable, tricky, deceptive
‫ ﺧ ـﻮان‬kawwān unreliable, faithless, disloyal, treacherous, perfidious;
traitor
453
‫ ﺧــﺎﺋﻦ‬kā’in pl. ‫ ﺧـﻮان‬kuwwān, ‫ ﺧﻮﻧــﺔ‬kawana disloyal, faithless, false,

unreliable, traitorous, treacherous, perfidious; traitor
2‫ ﺧﺎن‬and ‫ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬look up alphabetically
3‫ ﺧﻮان‬look up alphabetically
1‫ ﺧـﻮي‬kawā i (‫ ﺧـﻮاء‬kawā’, ‫ ﺧـﻮى‬kawan) to be empty, be hungry; -- kawiya
a (‫ ﺧﻮاء‬kawā’) to be empty, bare, dreary, desolate, waste

‫ ﺧﻮاء‬kawā’ and ‫ ﺧﻮى‬kawan emptinessv(of the stomach), hunger
‫ ﺧــﺎو‬kāwin empty, vacant; dreary, waste, desolate |‫ﺧــﺎو ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻋﺮوﺷــﻪ‬
(‘urūšihī) completely devastated; ‫اﻟﻮﻓﺎض‬ ‫ ﺧﺎوى‬k. l-wifāḍ (= ‫ )ﺧﺎﱃ اﻟﻮﻓﺎض‬with
an empty pouch, empty-handed, without a catch
‫ ﺧﻮى‬III to join (‫ ه‬s.o.), join the company of (‫)ه‬, accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺧﻮي‬kuwaiy little brother
‫ ﺧﻮة‬kuwa brotherliness, fraternity (= ‫ اﺧﻮة‬ukūwa)
‫ ﳐﺎو‬mukāwin brotherly, fraternal
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻴـﺎر‬kiyār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cucumber | ‫ ﺧﻴـﺎر ﺷـﻨﲑ‬k. šanbar (eg.) drumstick
tree, purging cassia (Cassia fistula; bot.); ‫ ﺧﻴـﺎر ﻗﺸـﺔ‬k. qašša (eg.) gherkins,
pickles
‫ )ﺧـﺎب )ﺧﻴـﺐ‬kāba i (‫ ﺧﻴﺒـﺔ‬kaiba) to fail, miscarry, be without success, be
unsuccessful; to be frustrated, be dashed, be disappointed (hopes); to go
wrong II and IV to cause to fail; to thwart, frustrate, fail, defeat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
disappoint, dash (‫ أﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬āmālahū s.o.’s hopes) V = I
‫ ﺧﻴﺒ ــﺔ‬kaiba failure, miscarriage, defeat, frustration; fizzle, flop;
disappointment |‫ﺧﻴﺒـﺔ‬ ‫وﻟــﺪ‬ walad k., f. ‫ﺑﻨـﺖ ﺧﻴﺒـﺔ‬ bint k. (eg.) a good-for-
nothing, a ne’er-do-well
‫ ﺧﺎﺋﺐ‬kā’ib failing; abortive, unsuccessful; disappointed
‫ )ﺧﺎر )ﺧـﲑ‬kāra i to choose, make one’s choice; to prefer (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to) II
to make or let (‫ ه‬s.o.) choose (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between, ‫ ﰲ‬from), give (‫ ه‬s.o.) the
alternative, option or choice (‫ ﺑﲔ‬between, ‫ ﰲ‬in); to prefer (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. to) III
to vie, compete (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to make or let (‫ ه‬s.o.) choose, give (‫ ه‬s.o.) the
choice, option or alternative V to choose, select, pick (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) VIII
454
to choose, make one’s choice; to choose, select, elect, pick (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.),
fix upon s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to prefer (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to) |‫ اﺧﺘـﺎر ﷲ اﱃ ﺟـﻮارﻩ‬...
(jiwārihī) approx.: the Lord has taken ... unto Himself X to seek or request
what is good or best (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬for o.s. (‫ ه‬from s.o.); to consult an oracle, cast lots
|‫ﰲ‬ ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺎر ﷲ‬to ask God for proper guidance in
‫ ﺧـﲑ‬kair pl. ‫ ﺧﻴـﺎر‬kiyār, ‫ اﺧﻴـﺎر‬akyār good; excellent, outstanding, superior,
admirable; better; best; - (pl. ‫ ﺧﻴـﻮر‬kuyūr) good thing, blessing; wealth,
property; -- good, benefit, interest, advantage; welfare; charity |‫ ﺧـﲑ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬the
best of all people; ‫ اﺧﻴـﺎر اﻟﻨـﺎس‬,‫ ﺧﻴـﺎر اﻟﻨـﺎس‬the beat people, the pick of the
human race; ‫ ﻫﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻨﻚ‬he ill better than you; ‫ ﻫﻮ ﺧـﲑ ﻟـﻚ‬it is better for you;
‫ اﳋــﲑ ﻛــﻞ اﳋــﲑ‬the very best; ‫‘( اﳋــﲑ اﻟﻌــﺎم‬āmm) the commonweal, general
welfare; ‫ دوﻟـﺔ اﳋـﲑ اﻟﻌـﺎم‬welfare state; ‫ ﳋـﲑ‬for the benefit of; ‫ ﳋـﲑ اﻧﻔﺴـﻬﻢ‬li-k.
anfusihim for their own good; ‫ اﻋﻤـﺎل اﳋـﲑ‬charitable deeds; ‫ ﺻـﺒﺎح اﳋـﲑ‬ṣabāḥ
al-k. and ‫ ﺻـﺒﺎﺣﻚ ﳋـﲑ‬good morning! ‫( ذﻛـﺮﻩ ﳋـﲑ‬dakarahū) to retain a good
Confidential
impression. of s.o.; to speak well of s.o.
‫ ﺧـﲑي‬kairī charitable, beneficent, benevolent, philanthropic |‫ﲨﻌﻴـﺔ ﺧﲑﻳـﺔ‬
(jam‘īya) charitable organization
‫ ﺧﲑﻳﺔ‬kairīya charity, charitableness, benevolence, beneficence
‫ ﺧــﲑ‬kayyir generous, liberal, openhanded, munificent; charitable,
beneficent, benevolent; benign, gracious, kind
‫ ﺧـﲑة‬kaira pl. -āt good deed, good thing; pl. ‫ ﺧـﲑات‬resources, treasures
(e.g., of the earth, of a country), boons, blessings
‫ ﺧﲑة‬kīra and kiyara the best, choice, prime, flower, pick, elite
‫ ﺧﲑي‬kīrī gillyflower (bot.)
‫ اﺧﲑ‬akyar 2, f. ‫ ﺧﲑى‬kīrā, ‫ ﺧﻮرى‬kūrā pl. ‫ اﺧﺎﻳﺮ‬akāyir2 better, superior
‫ ﺧﻴـﺎر‬kiyār choice; option, exercise of the power of choice (Isl. Law);
refusal, right of withdrawal (Isl. Law); the best, choice, prime, flower, pick,
elite; see also alphabetically
‫ ﺧﻴﺎري‬kiyārī optional, facultative; voluntary
‫ اﺧﺘﻴـﺎر‬iktiyār choice; election (also pol.; pl. -āt); selection; preference (
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); option; free will (philos.); ‫اﺧﺘﻴـﺎرا‬ iktiyāran of one’s own accord,
spontaneously, voluntarily
455
‫ اﺧﺘﻴﺎري‬iktiyārī voluntary, facultative, elective (studies)

‫ ﳐﲑ‬mukayyar having the choice or option
‫ ﳐﺘــﺎر‬muktār free to choose, having the choice or option (‫ ﰲ‬in),
volunteering, ‫ ﳐﺘـﺎرا‬muktāran (adv.) voluntarily, spontaneously, of one’s own
accord; choice, select, exquisite; chosen, preferred, favorite; a favorite;
‫ﳐﺘـﺎرات‬ selection, selected writings, anthology; (pl. ‫ﳐـﺎﺗﲑ‬ makātīr2) village
chief, mayor of a village (šyr., Leb., Ir.)
‫ ﺧﻴﺰران‬see ‫ﺧﺰر‬
‫ )ﺧـﺎس )ﺧـﻴﺲ‬kāsa i (‫ ﺧـﻴﺲ‬kais, ‫ ﺧﻴﺴـﺎن‬kayasān) to break (‫ ب‬an agreement,
a promise)
‫ ﺧﻴﺶ‬kaiš sackcloth, sacking, canvas
‫ ﺧـﻴﺶ‬kaiš place of sackcloth; (pl. -āt, ‫ ﺧـﻴﺶ‬kiyaš) sack; straw mattress,
pallet; Bedouin tent
‫ ﺧﻴﺸﻮم‬see ‫ﺧﺸﻢ‬
‫ )ﺧﺎط )ﺧﻴﻂ‬kāṭa i (kaiṭ) and II to sew, stitch (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﺧـﻴﻂ‬kaiṭ pl. ‫ ﺧﻴـﻮط‬kuyūṭ, ‫ اﺧﻴـﺎط‬akyāṭ, ‫ ﺧﻴﻄـﺎن‬kīṭān
pack-thread, string; fiber |‫اﻣﻞ‬
‫ ﺧﻴﻄﻲ‬kaiṭī threadlike; fibrous
‫ ﺧﻴﺎط‬kiyāṭ needle
thread; twine cord;
‫ ﺧﻴﻂ‬k. amal a spark of hope, a thread of hope
‫ ﺧﻴـﺎط‬kiyāṭa swing; needlework, tailoring, dressmaking |‫ آﻟـﺔ اﳋﻴﺎﻃـﺔ‬sewing

machine
‫ ﺧﻴﺎط‬kayyāṭ pl. -ūn tailor
‫ ﺧﻴﺎﻃﺔ‬kayyāṭa pl. -āt dressmaker; seam-stress
‫ ﳐﻴﻂ‬mikyaṭ needle
‫ ﺧﺎﺋﻂ‬kā’iṭ tailor
1‫)ﺧﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ )ﺧـﺎل‬kāl‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬to imagine, fancy, think, believe, suppose (‫ ان‬that); to
consider, deem, think (‫ه‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. to be …, ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to be ...), regard (‫ ه ه‬s.o.
as, ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. as) II to make (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.) believe (‫ ان‬that), suggest (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o., ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), give s.o. (‫ )اﱃ‬the impression that (‫( ﻫ ـ( |ﺧﻴـﻞ اﻟﻴـﻪ )ﻟـﻪ( ان‬kuyyila) he
imagined, fancied, thought that it seemed, it appeared to him that …; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻞ‬
‫( ﺧﻴﻠـﺖ‬kayyalat; ‫ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬being understood) as the heart dictates, i.e., as chance
456
will have it, at random, unhesitatingly IV to be dubious, doubtful, uncertain,

intricate V to imagine, fancy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to present itself, reveal itself (‫ ل‬to
s.o.’s mind), become the object of imagination. appear (= II kuyyila; ‫ ل‬to
s.o.) |‫اﳋـﲑ‬ ‫( ﲣﻴـﻞ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬kaira) to suspect good qualities in s.o., have an inkling of
s.o.’s good qualities, think well of s.o., have ‫ ﻫ ـ‬good opinion of s.o. VI to
pretend (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th., that ...), act (‫ ل‬toward s.o., ‫ ب‬as if); to feel self-
important, be conceited; to behave in pompous manner, swagger, strut
about; to conceive eccentric ideas, get all kinds of fantastic notions, have ‫ﻫ ـ‬
bee in one’s bonnet; to appear dimly, in shadowy outlines; to appear, show
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), hover (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about; e.g., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬smile about s.o.’s lips) flit (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬across,
e.g., ‫ﻫـ‬ shadow across s.o.’s face, etc.) VIII to feel self-important, be
conceited; to behave in ‫ ﻫـ‬pompous manner, swagger, strut about
‫ ﺧﻴﺎل‬kayāl pl. ‫ اﺧﻴﻠﺔ‬akyil‫ ﻫـ‬disembodied spirit, ghost, specter; imagination;
phantom, apparition; phantasm, fantasy, chimera, vision; shadow, trace, dim
reflection |‫اﻟﺸـﻚ‬‫ ﺧﻴـﺎل‬k. ašakk slightest doubt; ‫ﺧﻴـﺎل اﻟﺼـﺤﺮاء‬ k. aṣ-ṣaḥrā’
Confidential
scarecrow; ‫ ﺧﻴﺎل اﻟﻈﻞ‬k. aẓ-ẓill shadow play
‫ ﺧﻴﺎﻟـﺔ‬kayāl‫ ﻫ ـ‬pl. -āt ghost, spirit, specter; phantom; phantasm, fantasy,

chimera
‫ ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‬kayālī imaginary, unreal; ideal, ideational, conceptual; utopian
‫ اﺧﻴﻞ‬akyal2 more conceited, haughtier, prouder
‫ اﺧﻴﻞ‬akyal pl. ‫ ﺧﻴﻞ‬kīl, ‫ اﺧﺎﻳﻞ‬akāyil2 green woodpecker
‫ ﺧـﻴﻼء‬kuyalā’2 (f.) conceit, conceitedness, haughtiness, pride; ‫ اﳋـﻴﻼء‬al-
kuyalā’‫ ﻫـ‬haughtily, proudly
‫ ﺧﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬kailūl‫ ﻫـ‬conceit, conceitedness, snobbery, arrogance, haughtiness
‫ ﳐﻴﻠﺔ‬makīl‫ ﻫـ‬conceit, conceitedness, snobbery, arrogance, haughtiness; (pl.
‫ ﳐﺎﻳـﻞ‬makāyil2) indication, sign, symptom, characteristic; pl. ‫ ﳐﺎﻳـﻞ‬visions,
mental images, imagery
‫ ﲣﻴﻴﻞ‬takyīl playacting |‫ ﻓﻦ اﻟﺘﺨﻴﻴﻞ‬fann at-t. dramatic art
‫ ﲣﻴﻞ‬takayyul pl. -āt imagination, phantasy; delusion, hallucination, fancy,
whim, fantastic notion
‫ ﲣﻴﻠﻲ‬takayyulī fantastic, fanciful, imaginary
457
‫ اﺧﺘﻴﺎل‬iktiyāl pride; arrogance, haughtiness

‫ ﳐﻴﻠﺔ‬mukayyil‫ ﻫـ‬imagination, phantasy
‫ ﳐﻴــﻞ‬mukīl dubious, doubtful, uncertain, intricate, tangled, confused;
confusing, bewildering
‫ ﳐﺘﺎل‬muktāl conceited, haughty, arrogant
2‫ ﺧﻴﻞ‬II to gallop (on horseback)
‫ ﺧﻴـﻞ‬kail (coll.) pl. ‫ ﺧﻴـﻮل‬kuyūl horses; horsepower, H.P. |‫ ﺳـﺒﺎق اﳋﻴـﻞ‬horse

racing, horse race
‫ ﺧﻴﺎل‬kayyāl pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn horseman, rider
‫ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﺔ‬kayyāl‫ ﻫـ‬cavalry (Ir.; Eg. 1939)
‫ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﺔ‬sarīy‫ ﻫـ‬kayyāl‫ ﻫـ‬cavalry squadron (Eg. 1939)
2‫ ﺧﺎل‬see ‫ﺧﻮل‬
1‫ ﺧﻴﻢ‬II to pitch one’s tent, to camp; to settle down; to stay, linger, rest, lie
down, lie (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on, ‫ ﰱ‬or ‫ ب‬at ‫ ﻫ ـ‬place); (fig.) to reign (e.g., calm, silence,
peace, etc.; ‫ ﰱ‬or ‫ ب‬at, in), settle (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over) V to pitch one’s tent; to camp
Confidential
‫ ﺧﻴﻤـﺔ‬ḳaim‫ ﻫ ـ‬pl. -āt, ‫ ﺧﻴـﺎم‬ḳiyām, ‫ ﺧـﻴﻢ‬ḳiyam tent; tarpaulin; arbor, bower;
pavilion
‫ ﺧﻴﻢ‬ḳayyām tentmaker
‫ ﺧﻴﻢ‬muḳayyam pl. -āt camping ground, camp, encampment
2‫ ﺧـﻴﻢ‬ḳīm natural disposition, nature, temper, character; inclination, bent,
tendency|‫ﺧﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫( اﺧﺬ‬eg.) to fool s.o.’s pulse, sound s.o. out

3‫ ﺧﺎم‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺧﻴﺔ‬ḳayya pl. -āt noose
458
‫د‬
‫ دأب‬da’aba a (da’b, da’b, ‫ دؤوب‬du’ūb) to persist, persevere, be
indefatigable, untiring, tireless (‫ ﰱ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in s.th.); to go in for s.th. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,
apply o.s., devote o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to), practice eagerly (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ دأب‬da’b pl. ‫ ادؤب‬ad’ub habit
‫ دأب‬da’b, da’ab and ‫ دؤوب‬du’ūb persistence, perseverance, tirelessness,
indefatigability, assiduity, eagerness
‫ دﺋـﺐ‬da’ib and ‫ داﺋـﺐ‬dā’ib addicted, devoted, persistent, assiduous, eager,
indefatigable, untiring, tireless (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in)
‫ دؤوب‬da’ūb untiring, tireless, indefatigable, persevering, persistent
‫ ادأب‬ad’ab2 more persistent, more assiduous
‫ دادة‬dāda governess, dry nurse, nurse
‫ داغ‬dāg pl. -āt brand (made on cattle, etc.)
‫ دال‬dāl name of the letter ‫د‬
Confidential
‫ داﻟﻴﺎ‬dāliyā dahlia(s) (bot.)
‫ داﻣﺎ‬dāmā checkers| ‫ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺪاﻣﺎ‬lauḥat ad-d. checkerboard
‫ داﳎﺎﻧﺔ‬see ‫دﳎﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫( داﻧﺘﻴﻼ‬Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace
‫ داﻧـﻖ‬dānaq, dāniq pl. ‫ دواﻧـﻖ‬dawāniq2 an ancient coin. = 1/4 dirham; small
coin; a square measure (Eg.; = 4 sahm = 29.17 m2)
‫ داﳕﺎرك‬dannmark Denmark
‫ داﳕﺎرﻛﻰ‬danmarkī Danish
‫ اﻟﺪاﻧﻨﻮب‬ad-dānūb the Danube
‫ داﻳﺔ‬dāya pl. -āt wet nrse; midwife
‫ دب‬dabba i (dabb, ‫ دﺑﻴـﺐ‬dabīb) to creep, crawl (reptile); to proceed,
advance, or move slowly; to go on all fours; to enter (‫ ﰱ‬s.th.), come (‫ﰱ‬
into); to steal, creep (‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ ﰱ‬into s.o.’s heart; of a feeling, e.g., doubt); to
spread (‫ ﰱ‬over, in, through), fill, pervade, invade (‫ ﰱ‬s.th.) ; to gain ground;
to gain ascendancy (‫ ﰱ‬in s.o.; of a condition, an idea, a sensation); to stream
459
in, ruah in (of sensations, ‫ ﰱ‬upon s.o.)| ‫( دب ﻓﻴـﻪ دﺑﻴـﺐ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬d. al-ḥayāh) to
gain vitality II to sharpen, point, taper (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ دب‬dubb pl. ‫ اد ب‬adbāb, ‫ دﺑﺒـﺔ‬dibaba bear| ‫(اﻟـﺪب اﻻﺻـﻐﺮ‬aṣgar) Little Bear,
Ursa Minor (astron.); ‫اﻻﻛﱪ‬ ‫( اﻟﺪب‬akbar) Great Bear, Ursa Major (astron.)
‫ دﰊ‬dubbī ursine
‫ دﺑﺔ‬dabba sand hill, mound
‫ دﺑﻴـﺐ‬dabīb creeping, crawling; infiltration; influx, inflow, flow (e.g., of
sensations, of life, of vigor); reptile
‫ د ب‬dabbāb creeping, crawling, repent, reptant
‫ د ﺑﺔ‬dabbāba pl. -āt tank, armored car
‫ ﻣﺪب‬midabb: ‫( ﻣﻦ ﻣـﺪب اﻟﻨﻴـﻞ اﱃ ﻣﺼـﺒﻪ‬maṣabbihī) from the lower Nile to its
mouth
‫ داﺑـﺔ‬dābba pl. ‫ دواب‬dawābb2 animal, beast; riding animal (horse, mule,
donkey)
‫ دوﻳﺒﺔ‬duwaibba tiny animal, animalcule; insect
Confidential
‫ﻣﺪﺑﺐ‬mudabbab pointed, tapered
‫ دﺑـﺞ‬II to embellish, decorate, adorn, ornament (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to put in good
style, formulate, compose, write down, put down in writing (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ دﻳﺒﺎج‬dībāj pl. ‫ د ﺑﻴﺞ‬dabābīj2 silk brocade

‫ دﻳﺒﺎﺟﺔ‬dībāja (n. un. of ‫ )دﻳﺒـﺎج‬brocade; introductory verses or lines, proem,
preamble; face, visage; style, elegance of style; renown, repute, standing,
prestige
‫ ﺗــﺪﺑﻴﺞ‬tadbīj embellishment, adornment, ornamentation; composition,
writing (of a book)
‫ ﻣﺪﲜﺎت‬mudabbajāt embellishments of speech, fine figures of speech
‫ دﺑﺪب‬dabdaba to tread, tap
‫ دﺑﺪﺑـﺔ‬dabdaba sound of footsteps, footfall, pitapat; pattering or clattering
noise; snapping, flapping noise
‫ دﺑﺪوﺑﺔ‬dabdūba pl. ‫ د دﻳﺐ‬dabādīb2 point, tip, tapered end
1‫ دﺑﺮ‬dabara u (‫ دﺑﻮر‬dubūr) to turn one’s back; to elapse, pass, go by (time)
II to make arrangements, make plans (‫ ﻫـ‬for), prepare, plan, organize, design,

frame, devise, concert, arrange, get up, bring about (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hatch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
460
plot, etc.); to contrive, work up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a ruse); to direct, conduct, manage, run,
engineer, steer, marshal, regulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be in charge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to manage
well, economize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |‫ﺧﻄـﺔ‬ ‫( دﺑـﺮ‬kiṭṭatan) to devise a plan; ‫ دﺑـﺮ اﻟﺸـﺆون‬to
conduct the course of business, be in charge IV to turn one’s back (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ on s.o.); to flee, run away; to escape, dodge; to slip away V to be
prepared, planned, organized, managed; to reflect, ponder (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to
consider, weigh, contemplate (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to treat or handle with care,
with circumspection (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) VI to face in opposite directions, stand back to
back; to be contrary, opposite, opposed; to be inconsistent, incompatible X
to turn the back (‫ ه‬on s.o.)
‫ دﺑـﺮ‬dubr, dubur pl. ‫ اد ر‬adbār rump backside, buttocks, posteriors; rear
part, Rear, hindpart; back; last part, end, tail | ‫دﺑـﺮ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬behind, at the back, in
the rear; from behind, from the rear; ‫ وﱃ دﺑـﺮﻩ‬wallā duburahū to turn one’s
back; to flee, run away
Confidential
‫ دﺑﺮي‬dabarī trailing behind, belated, late
‫ دﺑﺮة‬dabra turn (of fate)
‫ دﺑﻮر‬dabūr west wind
‫ دﺑﻮر‬dabbūr pl. -āt dabābīr2 hornet; wasp
‫ ﺗــﺪﺑﲑ‬tadbīr pl. -āt planning, organization; direction, management,
disposal, regulation; economy, economization; -- (pl. ‫ﺗــﺪاﺑﲑ‬ tadābīr2)
measure, move, step | ‫ﺗــﺪﺑﲑ اﳌﻨــﺰل‬ t. al-manzil housekeeping, household

management; ‫( ﺗـﺪﺑﲑ ﻣﻨـﺰﱄ‬manzilī) do.; ‫ ﻗـﺎم ﻟﺘـﺪاﺑﲑ اﻟﻼزﻣـﺔ‬and ‫اﲣـﺬ اﻟﺘـﺪاﺑﲑ اﻟﻼزﻣـﺔ‬
(ittakada,qāma) to take the necessary measures
‫ اد ر‬idbār flight, retreat
‫ ﺗــﺪﺑﺮ‬tadabbur reflection, meditation (‫ ﰲ‬on), thinking (‫ ﰲ‬about);
consideration, contemplation (‫ ﰲ‬of)
‫ ﺗﺪاﺑﺮ‬taddbur disparity, dissimilarity, contrast
‫ داﺑـﺮ‬dābir past, bygone (time); the ultimate, utmost, extremity. end; root
|‫اﻟﺸـﻲء‬‫( ﻗﻄـﻊ داﺑــﺮ‬dābira š-šai’) to eradicate, root out s.th., suppress s.th.
radically; ‫( ﻷﻣﺲ اﻟﺪاﺑﺮ‬amsi) sometime in the past; ‫( ذﻫﺐ ﻛﺄﻣﺲ اﻟﺪاﺑﺮ‬ka-amsi
461
d-dābiri) to vanish into thin air, disappear without leaving a trace (actually:
like yesterday gone by)
‫ ﻣـﺪﺑﺮ‬mudabbir manager, director; ruler, disposer; leader; ringleader | ‫ﻣـﺪﺑﺮ‬
‫ اﳌﻜﺎﺋﺪ‬schemer, intriguer, intrigant
‫ ﻣﺪﺑﺮ‬mudbir: ‫ ﻣﺪﺑﺮا وﻣﻘﺒﻼ‬mudbiran wa-muqbilan from the rear and from in
front
2‫رة‬ ‫ د‬dubāra (=‫ ) دو رة‬packthread, string, twine, cord, rope j thread
1‫ دﺑﺲ‬dibs sirup, molasses, treacle, esp. of grapes
2‫ دﺑﻮس‬dabbūs pl. ‫ﺑﻴﺲ‬ ‫ د‬dabābīs2 pin; safety pin |‫ دﺑﻮس اﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰي‬safety pin
‫ دﺑـﺶ‬dabaš junk, rubbish, trash; -- dabš rubblestone, rubble; crushed rock
(used as substratum in macadamizing)
‫ دﺑﻎ‬dabaga a i u (dabg) to tan (‫ ﻫـ‬a hide)
‫ د ﻏﺔ‬dibāga tanning, tanner’s trade
‫ د غ‬dabbāg tanner
‫ ﻣﺪﺑﻐﺔ‬madbaga pl. ‫ ﻣﺪاﺑﻎ‬madābig 2 tannery
Confidential
‫ دﺑـﻖ‬dabiqa a (dabaq) to stick, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to cleave, cling (‫ ب‬to) II to
catch with birdlime (‫ ﻫـ‬a bird)
‫ دﺑﻖ‬dibq birdlime
‫ دﺑﻖ‬dabiq sticky, gluey, limy
‫ دﺑﻚ‬dabaka u (dabk) to stamp the feet; to dance the dabka (see below)
‫ دﺑﻜـﺔ‬dabka (syr.) a group dance in which the dancers, lined up with
looked arms or holding hands, stamp out the rhythm and sing
‫ دﺑﻠﺔ‬dibla pl. ‫ دﺑﻞ‬dibal ring
‫ دﺑﻠﻮم‬diblōm and ‫ دﺑﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬diblōma pl. -āt diploma
‫ دﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻲ‬diblōmāsī diplomatic; diplomat
‫ دﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬diblōmāsīya diplomacy
‫ دﺛـﺮ‬datara u (‫ دﺛــﻮر‬dutūr) to fall into oblivion, be forgotten, become
obsolete, antiquated, extinct; to be blotted out, wiped out, effaced,
obliterated (track by the wind) II to cover, envelop (‫ ه‬s.o.); to destroy,
annihilate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to wrap o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬in), cover o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬with) VII to be or
become wiped out, blotted out, effaced, obliterated; to be old; to be
462
forgotten, have fallen into oblivion, be obsolete VIII iddatara to wrap o.s.
(‫ ب‬in), cover o.s. (‫ ب‬with)
‫ د ر‬ditār pl. ‫ دﺛﺮ‬dutur blanket, cover
‫ ﻣﺪﺛﻮر‬madtūr past, bygone, ancient (time)
‫ دج‬dajja i (dajj, ‫ دﺟـﻴﺞ‬dajīj) to walk slowly II ‫ دﺟﺠـﻪ ﻟﺴـﻼح‬to arm s.o. to
the teeth
‫ دج‬dujj (syr.) thrush (zool.)
‫ دﺟﺔ‬dujja intense darkness, pitch-darkness
‫ دﺟﺎج‬dajāj (coll.) chickens; fowl (as a generic designation)
‫ دﺟﺎﺟﺔ‬dajāja (n. un.) hen; chicken | ‫دﺟﺎﺟﺔ اﳊﺒﺶ‬d. al-ḥabaš guinea fowl
‫ ﻣﺪﺟﺞ ﻟﺴﻼح‬mudajjaj bi-s-silāḥ heavily armed, bristling with arms
‫ دﺟﺮ‬dajira a (dajar) to be embarrassed, be at a loss
‫ دﳚﻮر‬dajūr pl. ‫ د ﺟﲑ‬dayājīr2 gloom, darkness, dark
‫ دﳚﻮري‬daijūrīi dark, gloomy
‫ دﺟﻞ‬dajala u to deceive, dupe, cheat, take in (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.); to be a swindler, a
Confidential
charlatan, a quack II to coat, smear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to gild (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to deceive,
dupe, cheat, take in (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.), impose (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on)
‫ دﺟﻞ‬dajl deceit, trickery, humbug, swindle
‫ دﺟـﺎل‬dajjāl pl. -ūn, ‫ دﺟﺎﺟﻠـﺔ‬dajājila swindler, cheat, imposter; quack,
charlatan (fem. ‫ ;)دﺟﺎﻟﺔ‬Antichrist
‫ ﺗﺪﺟﻴﻞ‬tadjīl imposture, humbug; charlatanry, quackery
2‫ دﺟﻠﺔ‬dijla the Tigris river
‫ دﺟـﻦ‬dajana u (dajn, ‫ دﺟـﻦ‬dujūn) to be dusky, murky, gloomy (day); --

(dujūn) to remain, stay; to get used, become accustomed, become
habituated; to become tame, be domesticated II to tame; to domesticate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
an animal) | ‫ﻓـﻼن‬ ‫( دﺟﻨـﻪ ﳋﺪﻣـﺔ‬li-kidmati f.) to put s.th. or s.o. to use for s.o.,
make s.th. or s.o. of service to s.o. III to flatter, cajole, coax, wheedle, try to
win or entice by gentle courtesy (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to be murky, gloomy, overcast
(day); to be dark (night)
‫ دﺟﻨﺔ‬dujna, dujunna darkness, gloominess, gloom
‫ ادﺟﻦ‬adjan2 dark
463
‫ داﺟـﻦ‬dājin tame, tamed, domesticated (animal); dark, gloomy | ‫ﺣﻴـﻮا ت‬

‫( داﺟﻨﺔ‬ḥayawānāt) domestic animals
‫ دواﺟﻦ‬dawājin2 poultry
‫ )دﺟـﺎ )دﺟـﻮ‬dajā u to be dark, gloomy, dusky; to overshadow, cover, veil,
shroud, blanket (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), spread (‫ ﻫـ‬over) III to play the hypocrite, JlOIl'l as a
friend (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to cajole, flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ دﺟﻰ‬dujan gloom, darkness, duskiness
‫ د ج اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬dayājī l-lail dark of night
‫ ﻣﺪاﺟﺎة‬mudājāh hypocrisy; flattery, adulation, sycophancy
‫ داج‬dājin dark, gloomy
‫ دﺣﺪح‬II tadaḥdaḥa to waddle
‫ دﺣﺪح‬daḥdaḥ and ‫ دﺣﺪاح‬daḥdāḥ dumpy, squat, stocky
‫ دﺣﺮ‬daḥara a (daḥr, ‫ )دﺣـﻮر‬to drive away, chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dislodge,
remove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to defeat (‫ ه‬an army) VIII to be driven away, be routed, be
Confidential
repelled, be thrown back; to be defeated (army); to go under, go to ruin,
succumb, break down, collapse
‫ اﻧـﺪﺣﺎر‬indiḥār banishment, rejection; (pl. -āt) defeat (mil.); ruin, fall,
break-down, collapse; catastrophe |‫اﻟﻜﻮن‬ ‫ اﻧﺪﺣﺎر‬ind. al-k. end of the world
‫ ﻣﺪﺣﻮر‬madḥūr routed, repelled; expelled, cast out; ostracized, banished
‫ دﺣﺮج‬daḥraja to roll (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II tadaḥraja to roll, roll along; to roll down
‫ داﺣﺲ‬dāḥis pl. dawāḥis whitlow, felon (med.)
‫ دﺣﺲ‬daḥasa a (daḥs) to insert, thrust in, shove in, foist in, smuggle in VII
to interfere, meddle; to mix
‫ دﺣـﺾ‬daḥāḍa a to be invalid, void, untenable (argument); to disprove,
refute, invalidate (‫ ﻫـ‬an argument) II and IV to disprove, refute, invalidate (‫ﻫـ‬
an argument)
‫ دﺣﺾ‬daḥḍ refutation, disproof
‫ دﺣــﻮض‬duḥūḍ: invalidity, shakiness, weakness, refutability (of an
argument or a claim)
‫ ﻣﺪﺣﺎض‬miḍḥāḍ: ‫( دﻋﻮى ﻣﺪﺣﺎض‬da‘wā) an invalid, unjustified claim
‫ )دﺣﺎ )دﺣﻮ‬daḥā u (daḥw) to spread out, flatten, level, unroll
464
O ‫ ﻣﺪﺣﻰ‬midḥan pl. ‫ ﻣﺪاح‬madāḥin roller, steamroller

‫ ادﺧﺮ‬iddakara, ‫ ﻣﺪﺧﺮة‬see ‫ذﺧﺮ‬
‫ دﺧﺲ‬dukas dolphin
‫ دﺧـﻞ‬dikala u (‫ دﺧـﻮل‬dukūl) to enter (‫ﻫ ـ‬, less frequently ‫ﰲ‬, also ‫اﱃ‬, s.th.),
go, step, walk, move, come, get (‫اﱃ‬ ,‫ ﰲ‬,‫ ﻫـ‬into); to penetrate, pierce ( ,‫ ﰲ‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to take possession of s.o. (‫)ه‬, befall, seize (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g., doubt); to
take up (‫ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬a post), start at a job; to enter s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻠﻰ‬room or house, drop
in on s.o. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, come to see s.o. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to call on s.o. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to consummate
the marriage, cohabit, sleep (", or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with a woman); to come (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over
s.o.; e.g., joy); (gram.) to be added (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to supervene, enter as a new
factor, aspect, element, etc. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.th.), be newly introduced (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬into
s.th.); to make one’s own, acquire (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to join, enter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬e.g., a
religious community); to participate, take part (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in); to set in, begin (time,
Confidential
event); to be included (‫ ﰲ‬in; ‫ ﺿـﻤﻦ‬ḍimna), fall, come (‫ﲢـﺖ‬
belong, pertain (‫ﲢـﺖ‬ ,‫ ﺿـﻤﻦ‬,‫ﰲ‬
matter has undergone modification;

to), be within s.th.
dukila to be sickly, diseased, abnormal |‫ﺗﻌـﺪﻳﻞ‬

,‫ ﺿـﻤﻦ‬,‫ ﰲ‬under),
(‫ ﲢـﺖ‬,‫ ﺿـﻤﻦ‬,‫ ;)ﰲ‬pass.:
‫( دﺧـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬ta’dīlun) the

‫( دﺧـﻞ اﳋﺪﻣـﺔ‬kidma) to take up one’s
post, start at a job, report for work; ‫( دﺧـﻞ اﳌﺪرﺳـﺔ‬madrasa) to enter school;
‫دﺧـﻞ اﳌﻴﻨـﺎء‬ (mīnā’) to enter the harbor, put in; ‫ دﺧـﻞ اﳌﻮﺿـﻮع‬to come to the
point; ‫ )دﺧـﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻘﻠـﻪ )ﰲ ﺟﺴـﻤﻪ‬dukila fī ‘aqlihi (fī jismihī) to suffer from a
mental (physical) disturbance II to make or let enter, bring in, let in (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to enter, insert, include (‫ ه‬s.th., ‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬in) III to come over s.o.
(‫)ه‬, befall, seize (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g., doubt, suspicion, despair) IV to make or let
enter, bring in, let in, admit, lead in, show in (‫ ه‬s.o.); to move, take, haul
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into); to incorporate, include, embody, insert (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. in); to cause to set in, bring about, produce, set off, trigger (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
in); to introduce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., an innovation, an improvement, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in or on

s.th.) |‫( ادﺧﻠـﻪ اﳌﺪرﺳـﺔ‬madrasa) to send s.o. to school; ‫ ادﺧـﻞ ﺗﻐﻴـﲑا ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to bring
465
about a change in ...; ‫ﺗﻌـﺪﻳﻼت‬

‫( ادﺧﻠـﺖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬udkilat) the matter was subjected
to modifications V to meddle (‫ ﰲ‬in), interfere (‫ ﰲ‬in, with); to interpose,
intervene (‫ ﰲ‬in); to invade (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), intrude, obtrude (‫ ﰲ‬on), disturb (‫ﰲ‬
s.th.); to interlock, mesh, gear VI to meddle (‫ ﰲ‬in, e.g., ‫ ﰲ ﺷـﺆوﻧﻪ‬in s.o.’s
affairs), butt in (‫اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ on a conversation); to interfere (‫ ﰲ‬in, with),
interpose, intervene (‫ ﰲ‬in); to interlock, mesh, gear; to be superimposed; to
intergrade, shade, blend (‫ ﺑـﺒﻌﺾ‬or ‫ ﺑﻌﻀـﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬one into the other); to come
over s.o. (‫)ه‬, befall, strike, seize (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g., doubt. grief)
‫ دﺧﻞ‬dakl income; revenues, receipts, returns, takings (as opposed to karj);
interference, intervention; doubt, misgiving |‫اﻟـﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ ﺿـﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬income tax; ‫ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫( اي دﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ayyu daklin) and ‫ ﻻ دﺧﻞ ﺑﻪ‬or ‫( ﻟـﻪ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬dakla) he should not meddle
in ..., he has nothing to do with ..., it is none of his business
‫ دﺧﻞ‬dakal disturbance, derangement, disorder, imbalance, or defect of the
mind; defect, infirmity
Confidential
‫ دﺧﻠﺔ‬dikla intrinsic nature, essence; inner self, innermost, heart, soul (of a
person); secret intention |‫دﺧﻠﺘـﻪ‬
search one’s soul
‫ راﺟـﻊ‬rāja‘a diḳlatahū to commune with o.s.,
‫ دﺧﻠﺔ‬dukla: ‫ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻠﺔ‬lailat ad-d. wedding night

‫ دﺧﻠﺔ‬dukkala a variety of warbler
‫ دﺧﻴـﻞ‬dakī1 inner, inward, internal; inner self, heart, core; -- (pl. ‫دﺧـﻼء‬
dukalā’2) extraneous; foreign, alien; exotic; foreigner, alien, stranger; not
genuine, false, spurious; newly added (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to); novice; (new) convert; guest;
protégé, charge, ward |‫دﺧﻴﻠـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬kalima), ‫( ﻟﻔـﻆ دﺧﻴـﻞ‬lafẓ) foreign word or
expression; (syr.-pal.) ‫( دﺧﻴﻠﻚ‬dakīlak) please, if you please
‫ دﺧﻴﻠـﺔ‬dakīla pl. ‫ دﺧﺎﺋـﻞ‬dakā’il2 inner self, inmost being, intrinsic nature,

essence; heart, soul |‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬‫ ﰲ دﺧﻴﻠـﺔ‬inwardly, inside, in his heart; ‫دﺧﺎﺋـﻞ ﻧﻔﻮﺳـﻨﺎ‬
our inmost being; ‫ دﺧﺎﺋـﻞ اﻷﻣـﻮر‬the underlying nature of things, the factors at
the bottom of things; ‫ دﺧﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﺆوﻧﻪ‬d. šu’ūnih his private affairs, (of a country,
etc.) its internal affairs
466
‫ دﺧــﻮل‬dukūl entry, entranoe, admission; entering, ingress; beginning,

setting in; penetration; intrusion, invasion; first coition in marriage (Isl.
Law) |‫اﳊﺮب‬ ‫ دﺧﻮل‬d. al-ḥarb entry into war
‫ دﺧﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬dukūlīya octroi, city toll
‫ دﺧـﻞ‬madkal pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪاﺧﻞ‬madākil2 entrance; hallway, vestibule, anteroom;
entrance hall, lobby, foyer; mouth (of a port, of a canal); O anode (el.);
introduction (to a field of learning); behavior, conduct |‫اﻟﺴــﻴﺎرات‬ ‫ﻣــﺪﺧﻞ‬
(sayyārāt) driveway; ‫ﻣـﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ اﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮن‬ introduction to the study of law;
‫ ﺣﺴﻦ اﳌﺪﺧﻞ‬ḥusn al-m. good manners, good conduct
‫ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬mudākala interference, intervention; participation, interest (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ ادﺧـﺎل‬idkāl leading in, showing in, bringing in, taking in, hauling in;
involvement, implication; insertion, interpolation, incorporation, inclusion;
introduction (e.g., of a constitution; of an improvement, ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ on an
apparatus, or the like)
‫ ﺗــﺪﺧﻞ‬tadakkul entry, entrance; invasion; interference (‫ ﰲ‬with, in),
Confidential
intervention; intrusion, obtrusion |
nonintervention (pol.)
‫ﻋـﺪم اﻟﺘـﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‘adam at-t. noninterference,
‫ ﺗــﺪاﺧﻞ‬tadākul interference, intervention; interlock, meshing, gearing;

superimposition; intergradations; permeation, pervasion; O interference
(phy.)
‫ داﺧـﻞ‬belonging, pertaining (‫ ﰲ‬to), falling (‫ ﰲ‬under), included (‫ ﰲ‬in);
inner, inward, inside, interior, internal; inside, interior (of s.th.); dākila
(prep.) within, inside, in; ‫ داﺧـﻼ‬dākilan inside (adv.) |‫ ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﺪاﺧﻞ‬from within;
from the inside
‫ داﺧﻠﺔ‬dākila pl. ‫ دواﺧﻞ‬dawākil2 interior, inside, inmost, hidden part; ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬
the Dakhla oasis (in central Egypt)
‫ داﺧﻠـﻲ‬dākilī inner, inward; internal; interior, inside; domestic, home,
inland (as opposed to ‫ﺧـﺎرﺟﻲ‬ kārijī external, foreign; pol.); indigenous,
native; private; belonging to the house; ‫ داﺧﻠﻴـﺎ‬dākilīyan inside (adv.) | ‫ﺗﻼﻣﻴـﺬ‬
‫داﺧﻠﻴـﺔ‬ boarding students (as opposed to ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ‬ day students); ‫ﺣـﺮب داﺧﻠﻴـﺔ‬
(ḥarb) civil war; ‫( ﻣﺪرﺳــﺔ داﺧﻠﻴــﺔ‬madrasa) boarding school; ‫ﻣﻼﺑـﺲ داﺧﻠﻴــﺔ‬
underwear; ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﺔ داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬inland navigation
467
‫ داﺧﻠﻴـﺔ‬dākilīya interior |‫ داﺧﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟـﺒﻼد‬the interior of the country, the inland;

‫ وزارة اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ministry of the interior; ‫ وزﻳﺮ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬minister of the interior
‫ ﻣﺪﺧﻮل‬madkūl sickly, diseased, abnormal; (mentally) disordered; of weak
character, spineless; (pl. ‫ ﻣﺪاﺧﻴﻞ‬madākīl2) revenue, receipts, takings, returns
‫ دﲬـﺲ‬dakmasa (‫دﲬﺴـﺔ‬, dakmasa) to fool (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.o.) about one’s real
intentions, pull the wool over s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬eyes; to cheat; to be sly, crafty,
artful
‫ دﲬﺴﺔ‬dakmasa deception, fooling, trickery; cunning, craft, slyness
‫ دﺧـﻦ‬dakina a to be smoky; to taste or smell of smoke; -- dakina a u to
smoke, emit smoke (fire) II to fumigate, fume (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to smoke, cure with
smoke (‫ ﻫـ‬foodstuffs); to smoke (‫ ﻫـ‬a cigarette, tobacco, a pipe) IV to smoke,
emit smoke (tire) V to be smoked, be cured with smoke; to be fumigated
‫ دﺧﻦ‬dukn pearl millet, dukhn
‫ دﺧﻦ‬dakan smoke, fume, vapor
‫ دﺧﺎن‬dukān (dukkān) pl. ‫ ادﺧﻨﺔ‬adkina smoke, fume, vapor; tobacco
Confidential
‫ دﺧﻨﺔ‬dukna smoke color; a kind of incense (Calamus aromatious)
O ‫ دﺧﻴﻨﺔ‬dakīna cigarette
‫ دﺧﺎﺧﲏ‬dakākinī (eg., tun.) tobacconist
‫ دﺧﻦ‬madkana pl. ‫ ﻣﺪاﺧﻦ‬madākin2 chimney, smokestack, funnel
‫ ﺗﺪﺧﲔ‬tadkīn fumigation; smoking (e.g., of fish); (tobacco) smoking
‫ داﺧﻨﺔ‬dākina pl. ‫ دواﺧﻦ‬dawākin2 chimney, smokestack, funnel
‫ ﻣﺪﺧﻦ‬mudakkin smoker
‫ دﻳﺪ ن‬look up alphabetically
‫ دﻳﺪن‬daidan habit, practice
‫ ددى‬III to pamper, spoil (‫ ه‬a child)
‫ در‬darra i u (darr) to flow copiously; to stream, flow, well; to accrue (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
to s.o.; profit, wealth); to be abundant, plentiful IV to cause to flow; to
bestow lavishly, heap (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th. upon s.o.), shower, overwhelm (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
with s.th. s.o.); to yield (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a profit, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.) X to stream, flow; to be
abundant; to cause or try to bring about the abundant flow of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to cause
468
s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬to yield in abundance; to be out for s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, seek to gain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
profit), try to make (‫ ﻫـ‬a living)
‫ درر‬darr milk; achievement, accomplishment |‫درﻩ‬ li-llāhi darruhū
(literally: his achievement is due to God) how capable, how good, how
excellent he is!
‫ در‬durr (coll.) pearls
‫ درة‬durra (n. un.) pl. -āt, ‫ درر‬durar pearl; -- a variety of parrot (Psittacus
Alexandri L.)
‫ دري‬durrī glittering, twinkling, brilliant (star)
‫ درة‬dirra, darra pl. ‫ درر‬dirar teat; udder
‫ ﻣـﺪرار‬midrār showering abundant rain (sky, cloud); spouting, pouring
forth, welling out
‫ دار‬dārr flowing copiously; productive, rich, lucrative; profitable
‫ ﻣﺪر‬mudirr: ‫( ﻣﺪر اﻟﺒـﻮل‬baul) diuretic(al), pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪرات اﻟﺒـﻮل‬diuretics; ‫ﻣـﺪر اﻟﻌـﺮق‬
(‘araq) sudorific
‫ درأ‬dara’a (dar’) to reject (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to avert, ward off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ﺧﻄـﺮا‬
Confidential
kaṭaran a danger, ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from) VI iddāra’a to contend (‫ ﰲ‬for)
‫ درء‬dar’ repulsion, prevention, averting; warding off, parrying
‫ درﻳﺌﺔ‬darī’a pl. -āt target
‫ دراﺑﺰﻳﻦ‬darābazīn railing, parapet, banisters, balustrade
‫ دراج‬Durrës (It. Durazzo, seaport in W Albania)
‫ دراق‬durrāq (syr.) peach
‫ دراﻣﻲ‬dərāmī dramatic
‫ درب‬dariba a (darab, ‫ درب‬durba) to be accustomed, be used (‫ ب‬to), be
practiced, trained, skilled (‫ ب‬in) II to habituate, accustom (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.) s.th., ‫ﰲ‬
or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to practice, drill (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ب‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in); to school, train,
coach, tutor (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬,‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in) V to be accustomed, be used (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ﰲ‬
to); to be or become practiced, skilled, trained, drilled, schooled (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ﰱ‬
in); to train (athlet.)
‫ درب‬darb pl. ‫ دروب‬durūb narrow mountain pass; path, trail, track; road;
alley, lane|‫اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ درب‬d. at-tabbāna the Milky Way
469
‫ درﺑﺔ‬durba habituation, habitude, habit; familiarity (with s.th.), experience;

skill, practice
‫ درﻳﺒﺔ‬darība court of first instance (Tun.)
‫ ﺗـﺪرﻳﺐ‬tadrīb habituation, accustoming; practice; drill; schooling, training,
coaching, tutoring| ‫اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي‬ ‫‘( اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ‬askarī) military training
‫ ﻣـﺪرب‬mudarrib pl. -ūn instructor, drill instructor; trainer, coach (atthlet.);
tamer (of wild animals)
‫ ﻣﺪرب‬mudarrab experienced; practiced, skilled; trained; schooled
‫ درازﻳﻦ‬darābazīn and ‫ درزﻳﻦ‬darbazīn railing, parapet, banisters, balustrade
‫ درﺑﺲ‬darbasa to bolt (‫ ﻫـ‬a door)
‫ در س‬dirbās pl. ‫ دراﺑﻴﺲ‬darābīs2 bolt, doorbolt
‫ درﺑﻜـﺔ‬darabukka (eg.), dirbakka (syr.) pl. –āt darabukka, a conical, one-
headed hand drum, open at the small end
‫ درﺑﻜﺔ‬darbaka banging or rattling noise, din, uproar, turmoil
‫ درج‬daraja u (‫ دروج‬durūj) to go, walk, move, proceed, advance (slowly); to
Confidential
approach gradually, step by step (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to follow a course (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, proceed
along the lines of (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, proceed in such and such a manner (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to go
away, leave, depart; to outgrow (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬a nest, a habitation); to be past, bygone,
over (time); to have passed away, be extinct; to circulate, be in circulation,
be current, have currency; to grow up (child); -- (darj) to roll up, roll
together (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to wrap, wind, twist (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. around); -- darija a to rise
or advance step by step|‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ درج اﻟﻌـﺮف‬daraja l-‘urfu ‘alā it has become the
general practice to ... II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) rise or advance by steps, promote
(‫ ه‬s.o.) by degrees; to move or bring (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) gradually closer (‫ اﱃ‬to); to
approximate (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to); to roll up, fold up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to circulate, put into
circulation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give currency (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) the general
practice; to divide into degrees, steps or grades, graduate, grade, gradate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to insert, include, enter (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﰱ‬s.th. in) III to go, keep up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with, e.g.,
with the time, with a fashion) IV to insert, include, incorporate, embody ( ‫ﰱ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in); to enter, register (‫ ﰱ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., in a list), book (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to
470
progress by steps, advance gradually; to proceed step by step (‫ اﱃ‬to); to

make progress (‫ ﰱ‬in); to graduate, grade, be graded, graduated, gradated VII
to be inserted, entered, incorporated, embodied, included (‫ ﰱ‬in); to be
classified (‫ ﰱ‬in, ‫ ﲢـﺖ‬under) X to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) advance or rise gradually,
promote (‫ ه‬s.o.) by degrees; to lead (‫ ه‬s.o.) gradually (‫ اﱃ‬to), bring (‫ ه‬s.o.)
around to (‫ ل‬,‫ ;)اﱃ‬to bait, allure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to entice, tempt, lure into
destruction (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ درج‬darj entry, entering, registering, registration, recording; a rolled or
folded paper; roll, scroll| ‫اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب‬ ‫ ﰱ درج‬in the book; ‫ ﰱ درج اﻟﻜـﻼم‬d. il-kalām
in the course of the talk
‫ درج‬durj pl. ‫ ادراج‬adrāj drawer (of a table, desk, etc.); desk (e.g., for pupils
in school)
‫ درج‬daraj pl. ‫ ادراج‬adrāj way, route, course; flight of steps, stairs, staircase|
‫ رﺟـﻊ ادراﺟـﻪ‬raja‘a adrājahū (also ‫ )ﻋـﺎد ادراﺟـﻪ‬to retrace one's steps, go back the
Confidential
way one came; to go back, turn back; ‫( ذﻫـﺐ ادراج اﻟـﺮ ح‬adrāja r-riyāḥ) to go
the ways of the winds, i.e., to pass unnoticed, without leaving a trace; to end
in smoke, come to nothing, be futile, be in vain
‫ درﺟـﺔ‬daraja pl. -at step, stair; flight of steps, stairs, staircase; degree, step,
tone (of a scale; mus.); degree (math., geogr.; of temperature); grade, fate;
degree, order, rank; club (also, e.g., in trains, of a decoration); phase state,
stage (of a development); mark, grade (in school)| ‫درﺟـﺔ اﳊـﺮارة‬ d. al-ḥarāra
(degree of) temperature; ‫اﻟـﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬ (‘ulyā) the maximal temperatures;
‫( اﻟـﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟﺴـﻔﻠﻰ‬suflā) the minimal temperatures; ‫ درﺟـﺔ اﻟﻄـﻮل‬d. aṯ-ṯūl degree
of longitude (geogr.); ‫)درﺟــﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴــﺔ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴــﺔ‬ (‘ilmīya, jāmi’īya) academic
degree; ‫اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ‬‫ درﺟﺔ‬d. al-'aql level of intelligence, IQ; ‫ دﻓـﱰ اﻟـﺪرﺟﺎت‬report card
(in school); ‫( ﻣﻦ )ﰱ( اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻻوﱃ‬ūlā) first-rate, first-class; ‫ ذو درﺟﺔ‬of superior
quality, high-grade, high-class; ‫ان‬ ‫( ﻟﺪرﺟـﺔ‬li-darajati) to the extent that ... ; to

such an extent that ...; to much that ...
‫ دراج‬durrāj pl. ‫ درارﻳﺞ‬darārīj2 francolin (zool.); see also alphabetically
‫ ﺗﺪرج‬tadruj2, ‫ ﺗﺪرﺟﺔ‬tadruja pheasant
‫ دراﺟﺔ‬darrāja pl. -at bicycle|‫ دراﺟﺔ رﻳﺔ‬motorcycle
471
‫ ﻣـﺪرج‬madraj pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪارج‬madārij2 way that one follows or pursues; course,

route; road, path; starting point, outset, rise, growth, birth, dawn,
beginning(s); tarmac, runway (of an airfield); (as also mudarraj)
amphitheater; (amphitheatered) auditorium or lecture room; grandstand,
bleachers| ‫ﻣﻨــﺬ ﻣﺪرﺟــﻪ‬ since its beginnings; ‫ﻣــﺪرج ﻧﺸــﺄﺗﻪ‬ naš’atihī the place
where he grew up; ‫ﺳـﺎر ﰱ ﻣـﺪارج اﻟﺮﻗـﻲ‬ (m. ir-ruqīy) to travel the road of
progress
‫ ﺗــﺪرﻳﺞ‬tadrīj graduation; classification, categorization; gradation| ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬
‫ ﻟﺘـﺪرﻳﺞ‬,‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘـﺪرﻳﺞ‬,‫ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺞ‬gradually, by and by, by degrees, by steps, step by
step, more and more
‫ ﺗـﺪرﳚﻰ‬tadrījī gradual, gradatory, progressive; ‫ ﺗـﺪرﳚﻴﺎ‬tadrījīyan gradually,
by and by, by steps, by degrees, in stages
‫ ادراج‬idrāj insertion, interpolation, incorporation; entry, registration,
recording (‫ ﰱ‬in a list)
‫ ﺗـﺪرج‬tadarruj gradual advance or progress; gradation, graduation| ‫ﻟﺘـﺪرج‬
gradually, by and by; ‫ارﺗﻘﺎﺋﻪ‬ ‫ ﺗﺪرج‬t. irtiqā’ihi his gradual rise
Confidential
‫اﺳـﺘﺪراج‬istidrāj capability of gradually winning s.o. over, persuasiveness,
art of persuasion
‫دراج‬darrāj current, prevalent, widespread, popular, common, in vogue,
circulating, in circulation| ‫اﻟﻜـﻼم اﻟـﺪراج‬ (kalām) and ‫اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ اﻟﺪارﺟـﺔ‬ (luga) the
popular language, colloquial language
‫ ﻣـﺪرج‬mudarraj graded, graduated; -- (pl. -āt) open staircase, open-air
stairs, fliers, stoop; grandstand, bleachers; amphitheater; (amphitheatered)
auditorium or lecture room
‫ ﻣــﺪرج‬mudrai inserted, interpolated, incorporated; entered, registered;
contained, included (‫ب‬ ,‫ ﰱ‬in), comprised (‫ ب‬,‫ ﰱ‬by)
‫ درد‬darida a (darad) to become toothless, lose one’s teeth
‫ ادرد‬adrad2 toothless
‫ دردى‬durdī sediment, dregs, lees
‫ دردﺑﻴﺲ‬dardabīs ugly old woman. hag
‫ دردرة‬dardara roar, rush (of water); idle talk, prattle, chatter
‫ دردار‬dardār elm (bot.)
‫ دردور‬durdūr eddy, whirlpool, vortex
472
‫ دردش‬dardaša idle talk, prattle, chatter

1‫ درز‬daraza u to sew, stitch
‫ درز‬darz pl. ‫ دروز‬durūz seam, hem; suture

2‫ درزى‬durzī pl. ‫ دروز‬durūz Druse|‫ ﺟﺒـﻞ اﻟـﺪروز‬jabal ad-d. the Jebel ed Druz,
the mountainous homeland of the Druses in S Syria
‫ درس‬darasa u (dars) to wipe out, blot out, obliterate, efface, extinguish (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to thresh (‫ ﻫ ـ‬grain); to learn, study (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬under s.o.), ‫درس اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬
‫‘( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ilm) to study under (a teacher, a professor); -- u (‫ دروس‬durūs) to be
effaced, obliterated, blotted out, extinguished II to teach; to instruct (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ﻫ ـ‬in s.th.); III to study (‫ ه‬together with s.o.) VI to study (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) carefully
together VII to become or he wiped out, blotted out, effaced, obliterated,
extinguished
‫ درس‬dars effacement, obliteration, extinction; -- (pl. ‫ دروس‬durūs) study,
studies; lesson, chapter (of a textbook); class, class hour, period; lecture;
lesson (taught by experience, etc.)| ‫( اﻟﻘـﻰ دروﺳـﺎ ﻋـﻦ‬alqā) to lecture on ... ;
Confidential
‫اﻋﻄـﻰ دروﺳـﺎ‬
pupil or student)
(a‘ṯā) to give lessons;
‫ دراس‬dirās threshing (of grain)

‫( دروس ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻴـﺔ‬manzilīya) homework (of a
‫ دراﺳـﺔ‬dirasa pl. -āt studies; study| ‫‘( دراﺳـﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬āliya) collegiate studies;
‫دراﺳــﺔ ﻧﻮﻳــﺔ‬ (tānawīya) attendance of a secondary school, secondary
education, high-school education; ‫دراﺳــﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻄﺔ‬ (mutawassiṯa) secondary

education, high-school education (Syr.)
‫ دراﺳـﻰ‬dirāsī of or pertaining to study or studies; scholastic, school;
instructional, educational, teaching, tuitional| ‫رﺳـﻮم دراﺳـﻴﺔ‬ tuition fees; ‫ﺳـﻨﺔ‬
‫( دراﺳﻴﺔ‬sana) academic year; scholastic year, school year
‫ درﻳﺲ‬darīs dried clover
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺪرﻳﺴﺔ‬ummāl ad-darīsa (eg.) railroad section gang, gandy dancers
‫ دراس‬darrās pl. -ūn (eager) student
O ‫ دراﺳﺔ‬darrāsa flail; threshing machine|O ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫( ﺣﺼﺎدة‬ḥaṣṣāda) combine
‫ درواس‬dirwās mastiff
473
‫ ﻣﺪرﺳـﺔ‬madrasa pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪارس‬madāris2 madrasah (a religious hoarding school

associated with a mosque); school| ‫اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴـﺔ‬
‫( ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ‬ibtidā’īya) the lower grades
of a secondary school, approx. = junior high school; ‫( ﻣﺪرﺳـﺔ اوﻟﻴـﺔ‬awwalīya)
elementary school, grade school; ‫( ﻣﺪرﺳـﺔ ﻧﻮﻳـﺔ‬tānawīya) secondary school,
high school; ‫( ﻣﺪرﺳـﺔ ﲡﺎرﻳـﺔ‬tijārīya) commercial college or school; ‫ﻣﺪرﺳـﺔ ﺣﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬
(ḥarbīya) military academy; ‫( ﻣﺪرﺳـﺔ داﺧﻠﻴـﺔ‬dāḳilīya) boarding school; ‫ﻣﺪرﺳـﺔ‬
‫‘( )ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ )ﻋﻠﻴـﺎ‬āliya, ‘ulyā) college; ‫ ﻣﺪرﺳـﺔ اﻟﻔﻨـﻮن واﻟﺼـﻨﺎﺋﻊ‬school of industrial
arts, school of applied art and handicraft; ‫( ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ ﻛﱪى‬kubrā) college; ‫اﳌﺪرﺳـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬the old “school” (= intellectual or artistic movement)
‫ ﻣﺪرﺳﻲ‬madrasī scholastic, school
‫ ﺗـﺪرﻳﺲ‬tadrīs teaching, instruction, tuition |‫ ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ اﻟﺘـﺪرﻳﺲ‬hai’at at-t. teaching
staff; faculty, professoriate (of an academic institution)
‫ دارس‬dāris pl. ‫ دوارس‬dawāris2 effaced, obliterated; old, dilapidated,
crumbling |‫دارﺳﻪ‬‫ ﲡﺪد‬tajaddada dārisuhū to rise from one’s ashes
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﺪرس‬mudarris pl. -ūn teacher, instructor; lecturer |‫( ﻣـﺪرس ﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬musā‘id)
assistant professor
‫ درع‬II to arm; to armor, equip with armor (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V and VIII iddara‘a to
arm o.s., take up arms, put on armor
‫ درع‬dir‘ m. and f., pl. ‫ دروع‬durū‘, ‫ ادرع‬adru‘, ‫ ادراع‬adrā‘ coat of mail,
hauberk; (suit of) plate armor; armor plate; armor; armature; (pl. ‫ ادراع‬adrā‘)
chemise
‫ دراﻋﺔ‬darrā‘a pl. -āt armored cruiser
‫ دراﻋـﺔ‬durrā‘a pl. ‫ درارع‬darārī‘2 loose outer garment with sleeves, slit in
front
‫ دارع‬dāri‘ armored, armor-clad, ironclad
‫ دارﻋﺔ‬dāri‘a pl. ‫ دوارع‬dawārī‘2 armored cruiser
‫ ﻣـﺪرع‬mudarra‘ armored; armadillo (zool.) | ‫( ﻗـﻮة ﻣﺪرﻋـﺔ‬qūwa) tank corps;
‫ﺳـﻴﺎرة ﻣﺪرﻋـﺔ‬ (sayyāra) armored car; ‫ﻣﺸـﺎة ﻣـﺪرﻋﻮن‬ (mušāh) armored infantry
(mil.)
‫ ﻣﺪرﻋﺔ‬mudarra‘a pl. -āt armored cruiser
‫ درف‬darf side, flank, wing; protection
474
‫ درﻓﺔ‬darfa pl. ‫ درف‬diraf leaf (of a double door or window)

‫ درﻓﻴﻞ‬darfīl dolphin
1 ‫درﻗﺔ‬daraqa (leather) shield
O ‫ درق‬daraq thyroid gland
‫ درﻗﻲ‬daraqī shield-shaped; thyroid | ‫(اﻟﻐﺪة اﻟﺪرﻗﻴﺔ‬gudda) thyroid gland
2 ‫ دراق‬look up alphabetically
1‫ درك‬II to last, continue, keep up (rains) III to reach, get, catch, overtake,
outdistance, outrun (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), catch up, come up (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to keep
up, continue without interruption (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to attain, reach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), arrive
(‫ ﻫـ‬at); to get, catch, overtake (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), catch up, come up (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬with);
to come suddenly, unexpectedly (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), overtake (‫ ه‬s.o.; death); to
obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to grasp, comprehend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to perceive, discern, notice

(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to realize, understand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), become aware, become conscious
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to mature, ripen (e.g., a fruit); to attain puberty, reach sexual
Confidential
maturity (boy) V ‫( ﺗـﺪارﻛﺖ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ اﱃ اﳌﻐﻴـﺐ‬šams, magīb) the sun prepared to
set VI to reach and seize one another; to continue without interruption, go
on incessantly; to face, meet, obviate, take steps to prevent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to put
in order, set right, correct (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make amends (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), provide
compensation or indemnity (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for a loss, or the like) X to correct, rectify,

emend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set right, put in order, straighten out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make
good, repair, redress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a damage, a mistake, etc.), make up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to
supplement, supply (‫ ﻫـ‬that which is missing); to anticipate, forestall, obviate
(‫ ﻫـ‬an event)
‫ درك‬darak attainment, achievement, accomplishment; overtaking,
catching up; police; (pl. ‫ ادراك‬adrāk) bottom, lowest level
‫ درﻛﻲ‬darakī policeman
‫ درﻛـﺔ‬daraka lowest level; pl. –āt descending steps (as opposed to ‫;درﺟـﺎت‬
cf. ‫اﳌﻮت‬ ‫ درﺟﺎت اﳊﻴﺎت ودرﻛﺎت‬darajāt al-ḥayāh wa-d. al-maut)
‫ دراك‬darrāk much-accomplishing, efficient, successful
475
‫ ﻣـﺪارك‬madārik2 mental faculties, mental powers, intelligence, intellectual

capacities, perception, discernment |‫اﳋﻤﺲ‬ ‫ اﳌﺪارك‬the five senses
‫ دراﻛﺎ‬dirākan (adv.) constantly, incessantly, without interruption
‫ ادراك‬idrāk reaching, attainment, achievement, accomplishment;
realization, perception, discernment, awareness, consciousness (‫اﻻدراك‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﺪ‬
faqd al-i. unconsciousness); comprehension, understanding, grasp; reason,
intelligence; sexual maturity, puberty; age of maturity |‫اﻻدراك‬ ‫ ﺳـﻦ‬of sinn al-
i. age of discretion (Isl. Law)
‫ ﺗﺪرك‬tadarruk gradual decline
‫ اﺳﺘﺪراك‬istidrāk redress, reparation; correction, emendation, rectification
‫ ﻣــﺪرك‬mudrik rational, reasonable, endowed with reason, intelligent;
(sexually) mature, pubescent, at the age of puberty
‫ ﻣــﺪرﻛﺎت‬mudrakāt realizations; cognitions; fixed notions, established
concepts
2‫( درك‬Engl.) derrick, derrick crane
‫ درم‬darima a to fall out (teeth) II to clip, trim (‫ ﻫـ‬nails)
Confidential
‫ درن‬darina a (daran) to be dirty, filthy IV do. V to suffer from tuberculosis
‫ درن‬darn pl. ‫ ادران‬adrān dirt, filth; tubercles; tuberculosis | ‫( درن رﺋﻮي‬ri’awī)
pulmonary tuberculosis
‫ درﻧـﺔ‬darana (n. un.) pl. -āt tubercle; small tumor, outgrowth, excrescence,
tuberculc, nodule
‫ درﱐ‬daranī tubercular, tuberculous
‫ ﺗــﺪرن‬tadarrun tuberculosis |‫( ﺗــﺪرن رﺋــﻮي‬ri’awī) and ‫ ﺗــﺪرن اﻟﺮﺋــﺔ‬t. ar-ri’a
pulmonary tuberculosis
‫ ﺗﺪرﱐ‬tadarrunī tuberculous
‫ ﻣﺘﺪرن‬mutadarrin affected with tubercles, tuberculated
‫ ﻣﺪرﻩ‬midrāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺪارﻩ‬madārih2 spokesman
‫ درﻫـﻢ‬dirham pl. ‫ دراﻫـﻢ‬darāhim2 dirhem, drachma (Ir. = coin of 50 ‫ ;)ﻓﻠـﺲ‬a
weight (Eg. = 1/12 ‫ = اوﻗﻴﺔ‬ca. 3.12 g); ‫ دراﻫﻢ‬money, cash
‫ درﻳﻬﻤﺎت‬duraihimāt (dimin. with a derogatory sense; approx.:) pennies
‫ دروة‬dirwa pl. -āt (eg.) protecting screen or wall; parapet
‫ درواس‬dirwās mastiff
476
‫ دروﻳﺶ‬darwīš pl. ‫ دراوﻳﺶ‬darāwīš2 dervish

1‫ درى‬darī ī (‫ دراﻳـﺔ‬dirāya) to know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or of s.th.); to be aware, be
cognizant (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬of); to understand, comprehend (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫وﻣﺎ ﻳﺪري اﻻ‬
‫ و‬... all of a sudden there was ... III to flatter, treat with flattery or gentle
courtesy, cajole, coax (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deceive, fool, mislead (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
dissemble; to conceal, hide, mask, disguise (‫ ه‬s.th.) IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know
(‫ ب‬s.th. or about s.th.), inform, notify, advise (‫ ب ه‬s.o. of) |‫ وﻣـﺎ ادراك ﻣـﺎ‬...
(adrāka), also ‫ وﻣـﺎ ادراك ب‬do you realize what ... is? you don’t even know
what ... means! VI to hide, conceal o.s.
‫ دراﻳﺔ‬dirāya knowledge, cognizance, acquaintance
‫ ادرى‬adrā more knowledgeable, better informed, knowing better (‫ ب‬s.o.,
s.th.), better acquainted (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻻ ادري‬lā-adrī a skeptic
‫ ﻣﺪاراة‬mudārāh sociability, affability, companionableness
Confidential
‫ دار‬dārin knowing, aware, cognizant (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
2‫ ﻣـﺪرى‬midran, ‫ ﻣـﺪرة‬midra (= ‫ ﻣـﺮدى‬mirdan), ‫ ﻣـﺪراة‬midrāh pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪار‬madārin
pole (esp. one for punting boats)
‫ در ق‬diryāq (= ‫ )ﺗﺮ ق‬theriaca; antidote
‫( دزﻳﻨﺔ‬It. dozzina) dazzīna dozen
‫ دس‬dassa u (dass) to put, get, slip, shove, thrust, insert (‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into); to
bury (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ s.th. in the ground); to instill, infuse (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ﰲ ب‬ s.th. in); to
administer surreptitiously (‫ اﻟﺴـﻢ‬as-samma poison, ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to foist (‫ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬

s.th. into); to smuggle (‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into, ‫ ﺑـﲔ ه‬s.o. among); to interpolate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to intrigue, scheme, plot (‫ ل‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.) |‫ دس اﻟﺪﺳـﺎﺋﺲ‬to engage
in secret machinations, intrigue scheme II to put in, get in, slip in, shove in,
thrust in, insert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hide, conceal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to engage (secretly, ‫اﱃ‬
in); to be hidden (‫ ﰲ‬in) VII to slip (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between or among, ‫ ﰲ‬into), creep,
steal, sneak (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬among, ‫ﰲ‬ into), infiltrate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to ingratiate o.s.,
insinuate o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o., into s.o.’s confidence); to be hidden
477
‫ دﺳﻴﺴـﺔ‬dasīsa pl. ‫ دﺳـﺎﺋﺲ‬dasā’is intrigue, machination, scheme, plot | ‫دس‬

‫ اﻟﺪﺳـﺎﺋﺲ‬dass ad-d. machinations, intrigues, scheming, plotting (‫ ﺿـﺪ‬against);
plot, conspiracy
‫ دﺳـﺎس‬dassās pl. -ūn intriguant, intriguer, schemer, plotter, conspirator;
sand snake (Eryx jaculus)
‫ دﺳـﻮت‬dusūt place of honor, seat of honor, seat of office;
1‫ دﺳـﺖ‬dast pl.
council |‫ دﺳﺖ اﳊﻜﻢ‬d. al-ḥukm (a ruler’s) throne

2‫ دﺳـﺖ‬dist pl. ‫ دﺳـﻮت‬dusūt kettle, boiler, caldron made of copper (eg.,
syr.)
3‫ دﺳﺘﺔ‬dasta dozen; pack, packet, package
‫ دﺳــﺘﻮر‬dustūr pl. ‫ دﺳــﺎﺗﲑ‬dasātīr2 statute; regulations; by-laws; (basic)

constitutional law; constitution (pol.); -- (colloq.) dastūr permission
‫ دﺳــﺘﻮري‬dustūrī constitutional |‫ اﻟﻨﻈــﺎم اﻟﺪﺳــﺘﻮرى‬constitutional form of
government
‫دﺳـ ــﺘﻮرﻳﺔ‬ dustūrīya constitutionality | ‫’ﻋـ ــﺪم اﻟﺪﺳ ــﺘﻮرﻳﺔ‬adam ad-d.
unconstitutionality
Confidential
‫ دﺳﺮ‬dasara u (dasr) to push, shove, push off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
O ‫ داﺳﺮ‬dāsir propeller, airscrew
‫ دﺳﻜﺮ‬daskara pl. ‫ دﺳﺎﻛﺮ‬dasākir2 village
‫ دﺳﻢ‬dasam fatness (of meat); fat, grease
‫ دﺳـﻢ‬dasim fat; fatty, greasy, grimy, grubby; rich, abundant, substantial;
meaty, pithy, full of thoughts (e.g., reading material)
‫ ادﺳﻢ‬adsam2, f. ‫ دﲰﺎء‬dasmā’2, pl. ‫ دﺳﻢ‬dusm very fat; fatty, greasy, grimy,
grubby; -- richer, more substantial, pithier
‫ دﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬dasāma fattiness, greasiness, griminess, grubbiness
‫ دﺳﻮﻣﺔ‬dusūma fatness; richness, substantiality
‫ دﺳﺎم‬dassām plug, stopper
‫ دﻳﺴﻢ‬daisam amaranth (bot.)
‫ دﲰﱪ‬disembir, disambir December
‫ دﺳـﻮ‬II to introduce, bring in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be hidden, concealed; to
penetrate (‫ اﱃ‬into)
‫( دش‬Fr. douche) duš shower, douche
478
‫ دﺷـﻴﺶ‬dašīš and ‫ دﺷﻴﺸـﺔ‬a kind of porridge made of crushed wheat and

butter
‫ دﺷﺖ‬dašt junk, trash, rubbish, refuse
‫ دﺷـﻦ‬II to hand over, present (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺗﺪﺷــﲔ‬tadšīn consecration, dedication, inauguration | ‫ﺗﺪﺷــﲔ اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺸــﺔ‬
consecration of the church
‫ دﺷﻮ‬V to belch, burp, eruct
‫ دﻋﺔ‬da‘a see ‫ودع‬
‫ دع‬da‘‘ to rebuff, turn down (contemptuously, II the poor, an orphan)
‫ دﻋـﺐ‬da‘aba a (‫ دﻋﺎﺑـﺔ‬du‘āba) to joke, jest, make fun (‫ ه‬with s.o.) III to
play, toy (‫ﻫ ـ‬
,‫ ه‬with s.th., with s.o.); to joke, jest, make fun (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
give (‫ ه‬s.o.) a good-natured slap or smack (‫ ;)ب‬to flirt (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a woman) ;
to dally, philander, play around (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a woman); to play (‫ ه‬about s.o.;
Confidential
e.g., waves); to stroke gently, caress, fondle (‫ ه‬s.th.); to beguile, tempt,
delude (‫ ه‬s.o.; said of hopes); to play (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a musical instrument) | ‫داﻋـﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴـﺎﻧﻮ‬to play on the piano VI to make fun, have fun together, have a good
time
‫ داﻋﺐ‬dā‘ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly, gay, funny
‫ دﻋﺎﺑﺔ‬du‘āba pl. -āt joking, jesting, fun-making, fun; joke, jest
‫ دﻋﺎب‬da‘‘āb jocose, playful, jolly, gay
‫ ﻣﺪاﻋﺒـﺔ‬mudā‘aba pl. -āt play, fun-making, fun; joke, jest; pleasantry;
dalliance, flirtation, philandery
‫ داﻋﺐ‬dā‘ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly, gay, funny
‫ ﻣﺪاﻋﺐ‬mudā‘ib joking, jesting
‫ دﻋﺒﻞ‬di‘bil frog spawn, frog’s eggs
‫ ﻣﺪﻋﺒﻞ‬muda‘bal indisposed, out of sorts; round, ball-shaped
‫ ادﻋـﺞ‬ad‘aj2, f. ‫ دﻋﺠـﺎء‬da‘jā’2, pl. ‫ دﻋـﺞ‬du‘j black-eyed; deep-black and
large (eye)
‫ دﻋﺮ‬da‘ira a (da‘ar) to be immoral
‫ دﻋﺮ‬da‘ar immorality, indecency
479
‫ دﻋـﺮ‬da‘ir unchaste, lewd, licentious, dissolute, obscene, bawdy, immoral,

indecent
‫ دﻋـﺎرة‬da‘āra, di‘āra indecency, immorality, licentiousness, debauchery
|‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎرة‬ ‫ ﺑﻴﺖ‬bait ad-d. brothel
‫ داﻋـﺮ‬dā‘ir pl. ‫ دﻋـﺎر‬du‘‘ār unchaste, lewd, licentious, dissolute, obscene,
bawdy, indecent, immoral
‫ دﻋـﺲ‬da‘asa a (da‘s) to tread underfoot, trample down, crush (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
knock down, run over (‫ ه‬s.o.; automobile) VII pass. of I
‫ دﻋﻚ‬da‘aka a (da‘k) to rub (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to scrub, scour (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to scrub on a
washboard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬laundry); to crush, squash, mash (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to crumple (‫ﻫ ـ‬
paper)
‫ دﻋـﻢ‬da‘ama a (da‘m) and II to support, hold up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to prop, shore
up, stay, buttress, underpin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cement, consolidate, strengthen (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) VIII ‫ ادﻋﻢ‬idda‘ama to be supported; to rest, be based (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on)

‫ دﻋﻤﺔ‬da‘ma pl. ‫ دﻋﻢ‬di‘am support, prop
Confidential
‫ دﻋﺎﻣـﺔ‬di‘āma pl. -āt, ‫ دﻋـﺎﺋﻢ‬da‘ā’im2 support, prop, stay, shore; pier;
buttress; pillar (esp. fig., e.g., ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎدة‬ ‫ دﻋﺎﺋﻢ‬pillars of authority)
‫ ﺗــﺪﻋﻴﻢ‬tad‘īm support, strengthening, reinforcement, consolidation,
underpinning
‫ )دﻋـﻮ‬and ‫ دﻋـﻲ( دﻋـﺎ‬da‘ā u (‫ دﻋـﺎء‬du‘ā’) to call (‫ ه‬s.o.); to summon (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬
s.o.), call or send for s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ;)ه‬to call up (‫ ب‬s.o., ‫ ل‬,‫ اﱃ‬for); to call
upon s.o. (‫)ه‬, appeal to s.o. (‫ )ه‬for s.th. or to do s.th. (‫ اﱃ‬,‫)ل‬, invite, urge
(‫ اﱃ ه‬,‫ ل‬s.o. to do s.th.); to invite, ask to come (‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. to; e.g., to a
banquet); to move, induce, prompt (‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ل‬s.o. to do s.th.), prevail ( ‫ اﱃ‬,‫ل‬
‫ ه‬on s.o. to do s.th.); to call (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬,‫ ب‬s.o. by a name), name (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬,‫ ب‬s.o. so
and so), pass.: ‫ دﻋـﻲ‬du‘iya to be called, be named; to invoke (‫ ﷲ‬God = to
pray to); to wish (‫ ل‬s.o.) well, bless (‫ ل‬s.o.; properly: to invoke God in favor
of s.o.), invoke a blessing (‫ )ب‬upon s.o. (‫)ل‬, pray (‫ ب‬for s.th., ‫ ل‬on behalf
of s.o.), implore (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬for s.o. s.th.); to curse (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.; properly: to invoke
God against s.o.), call down evil, invoke evil (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.); to propagate,
480
propagandize (‫ ل‬s.th.), make propaganda, make publicity (‫ ل‬for); to

demand, require (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), call for (‫ ;)اﱃ‬to call forth, bring about, cause,
provoke, occasion (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), give rise (‫ اﱃ‬to) |‫ﻟﻼﺟﺘﻤـﺎع‬ ‫دﻋـﻲ‬ (du‘ya) to be
summoned, be called into session (parliament); ‫اﻟﺴﻼح‬ ‫ دﻋﻲ اﱃ ﲪﻞ‬du‘iya ilā
ḥamli a-silāḥ to be called up for military service, be called to the colors; ‫رﺟﻞ‬
‫ ﻳـﺪﻋﻰ‬... (yud‘ā) a man called ..., a man by the name of ...; ‫دﻋـﺎ ﻟـﻪ ﺑﻄـﻮل اﻟﻌﻤـﺮ‬
(ṭūli l-‘umr) he wished him a long life III to challenge (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pick a
quarrel (‫ ه‬with); to proceed judicially (‫ ه‬against), prosecute (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to
challenge each other, call each other forth or out, summon each other; to
evoke one another (thoughts, reminiscences, sentiments); to be dilapidated,
be tumble-down, threaten to fall (walls); to sink, subside, cave in; to fall
down, sink to the ground (person); to collapse, break down, decline,
degenerate (fig., of a cultural phenomenon); to dock together, rally VIII ‫ادﻋﻰ‬
idda‘ā to allege, claim, maintain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that); to lay claim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.),
demand, claim (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make undue claims (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), arrogate (to o.s.),
Confidential
assume unduly or presumptuously (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to effect, feign, simulate,
pretend, purport (‫ ب‬s.th.); to testify (in court); to accuse (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.

of), charge (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. with), blame (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. for), hold s.th. (‫ب‬
or ‫ )ﻫ ـ‬against s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬X to call or send (‫ ه‬for s.o.), summon (‫ ه‬s.o.); to

cite, summon for examination or trial (‫ ه‬s.o.; court, police); to recall (‫ ه‬s.o.,
e.g., a diplomatic envoy); to call, appoint (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., a professor to a
chair); to invoke (‫ ه‬s.o.); to invite, urge (‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to do s.th.), suggest (‫اﱃ ه‬
to s.o. s.th. or to do s.th.), call upon s.o. (‫ )ه‬to do s.th. (‫)اﱃ‬, appeal (‫ اﱃ ه‬to
s.o. for s.th. or to do s.th.); to call for (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, require, demand, necessitate,
make necessary or requisite (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ دﻋـﻮة‬da‘wa call; appeal; bidding, demand, request; call, convocation,
summons (‫ اﱃ‬to), calling up, summoning; (official) summons, citation;
invitation; claim, demand, plea; missionary activity, missionary work (also
‫ﻧﺸــﺮ اﻟــﺪﻋﻮة‬ našr ad-d.), propaganda; -- (pl. ‫دﻋـﻮات‬ da‘awāt) invocation,
481
imploration, supplication, prayer; good wish |‫ﺻـﺎﳊﺎت‬ ‫دﻋـﻮات‬ good wishes;

‫( دﻋﻮة ﻟﺸﺮ‬šarr) imprecation, curse; ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺪﻋﻮة‬host
‫ دﻋـﻮى‬da‘wā pl. ‫ دﻋـﺎوى‬da‘āwā, ‫ دﻋـﺎو‬da‘āwin allegation, pretension; claim;
lawsuit, case, action, legal proceedings (Isl. Law) |‫ان‬ ‫ ﺑـﺪﻋﻮى‬on the pretext
that ...
‫ دﻋـﻲ‬da‘īy pl. ‫ ادﻋﻴـﺎء‬ad‘iyā’2 adopted son; bastard; braggart, bigmouth,
show-off; pretender; swindler, impostor
‫ دﻋـﺎء‬du‘ā’ pl. ‫ ادﻋﻴـﺔ‬ad‘iya call; invocation of God, supplication, prayer;
request, plea; good wish (‫ ل‬for s.o.); imprecation, course (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against s.o.)
‫ ادﻋـﻰ‬ad‘ā more conducive, more stimulating, of greater incentive (‫ ل‬,‫اﱃ‬
to), causing or provoking to a greater extent (‫ل‬ ,‫ اﱃ‬s.th.)
‫ دﻋﺎوة‬da’āwa, di‘āwa pl. -āt propaganda (pol.); publicity (‫ اﱃ‬for)
‫ دﻋﺎوى‬da‘āwī, di‘āwī propagandistic
‫ دﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬di‘āya propaganda (pol.)
Confidential
‫ دﻋﺎﺋﻲ‬di‘ā’ī propagandistic
‫ ﻣـﺪﻋﺎة‬mad‘āh determining factor, decisive motive or incentive, cause,
occasion
‫ ﺗ ــﺪاع‬tadā‘in imminent collapse, impending breakdown; mutual
summoning |‫اﳌﻌﺎﱏ‬ ‫ ﺗﺪاﻋﻰ‬tadā‘ī l-ma‘ānī association of ideas
‫ ادﻋـﺎء‬iddi‘ā’ pl. -āt claim; arrogation, undue assumption, presumption;
allegation; pretension, pretense; accusation, charge; ‫ اﻻدﻋـﺎء‬the prosecution
(in a court of justice)
‫ اﺳــﺘﺪﻋﺎء‬istid‘ā’ summons, summoning; recall, calling back; official
summons, citation
‫ داع‬dā‘in pl. ‫ دﻋـﺎة‬du‘āh one who invites, inviter; propagandist; host;
motive, reason, cause |‫داﻋـﻲ‬ ‫( ﻻ‬dā‘iya) it is not necessary, there is no need,
there is no cause (‫ ل‬for)
‫ داﻋﻴـﺔ‬dā‘iya one who calls for s.th. (‫)اﱃ‬, invites to s.th. (‫ ;)اﱃ‬propagandist
(with foll. genit. or ‫اﱃ‬: of s.th.), herald; (pl. ‫ دواع‬dawā‘in) motive, reason,
cause, occasion; pl. ‫ دواع‬requirements, exigencies |‫ داﻋﻴـﺔ ﺣـﺮب‬warmonger;
482
‫ ﻟـﺪواع ﺻـﺤﻴﺔ‬li-dawā‘in ṣiḥḥīya for reasons of health; ‫ ﻣـﻦ دواﻋـﻲ ﺳـﺮوري‬it gives
me great pleasure ...
‫ ﻣﺪﻋﻮ‬mad‘ūw one invited, guest; called, named, by the name of
‫ ﻣﺘــﺪاع‬mutadā‘in evoking one another, one leading to the other
(reminiscences, thoughts); frail. shaky (constitution); dilapidated, tumble-
down; ready to fall, threatened with collapse; declining, in a stage of
decline, on the downgrade
‫ ﻣــﺪع‬muda‘in one who makes an allegation or pretension, alleger,
pretender; claimer, claimant; plaintiff; prosecutor (jur.); arrogant,
presumptuous, bumptious |‫اﻟﻌﻤـﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﳌـﺪﻋﻲ‬ (‘umūmī) the public prosecutor;
‫‘( اﳌﺪﻋﻰ اﻟﻌﺎم‬āmm) do. (Mor.)
‫ ﻣــﺪﻋﻰ‬muda‘an claimed; ‫ اﳌــﺪﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ‬the defendant (jur.); pl. ‫ﻣــﺪﻋﻴﺎت‬
muda‘ayāt claims, pretensions
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺪع‬mustad‘in applicant, petitioner
‫ دﻏﺪغ‬dagdaga to tickle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to crush; to chew, munch (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1‫ دﻏﺮ‬dagara a (dagr, ‫ دﻏﺮى‬dagrā) to attack (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.). fall upon s.o. (‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬
Confidential
‫ دﻏﺮ‬dagr attack, assault
‫ دﻏﺮى‬dagrā attack, assault
2 ‫ دﻏﺮى‬dugrī (eg., syr.) direct, straight; straight ahead
‫ دﻏﺶ‬IV ‫ ادﻏﺸﺖ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬adgašat id-dunyā it became dark, twilight fell

‫ دﻏﺶ‬dagaš darkness, dusk, twilight
‫ دﻏﻴﺸﺔ‬dagīša darkness, dusk
‫ دﻏﺺ‬dagiṣa a (dagaṣ) to be chock-full, on tile point of bursting
‫ داﻏﺼﺔ‬dāgiṣa pl. ‫ دواﻏﺺ‬dawāgiṣ knee-pan, kneecap, patella
‫ دﻏـﻞ‬dagal pl. ‫ ادﻏـﺎل‬adgāl, ‫ دﻏـﺎل‬digāl place with luxuriant tree growth;
thicket, bush, jungle; -- defectiveness, faultiness, corruption
‫ داﻏــﻞ‬dagil covered with dense undergrowth (place); impenetrable;
corrupted
‫ ﻣـﺪﻏﻞ‬mudgil covered with dense undergrowth (place); false, perfidious,
insidious (in character)
‫ دﻏـﻢ‬IV and VIII ‫ ادﻏـﻢ‬iddagama to put (‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into), insert, incorporate,
embody (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ s.th. in); (gram.) to contract (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ one letter into another),
483
assimilate (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ s.th. to) VII to be incorporated, embodied, merged,

amalgamated; to be assimilated, contracted
‫ دف‬daffa i (‫ دﻓﻴﻒ‬dafīf) to flap the wings (bird) II to hurry, rush
‫ دف‬daff pl. ‫ دﻓﻮف‬dufūf side; lateral surface
‫ دف‬duff, daff pl. ‫ دﻓﻮف‬dufūf tambourine
‫ دﻓـﺔ‬daffa side; leaf (of a double door or window); cover (of a book),
‫ اﻟـﺪﻓﺘﺎن‬the two covers of a book; rudder, helm |‫ ﻗﺎﺋـﺪ اﻟﺪﻓـﺔ‬or ‫ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺪﻓـﺔ‬mudīr
ad-d. steersman, helmsman; ‫ ﻗـﺒﺾ ﻋﻠـﻰ دﻓـﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬to take the helm, make o.s.
the leader; ‫ ﻳﺪ اﻟﺪﻓـﺔ‬yad ad-d. tiller; ‫( ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺪﻓـﺔ ﻟﻠﺸـﺎﺑﻮرة‬eg.) all together, one and
all, all without exception
‫ دﻓﻴﺔ‬diffīya (eg.) loose woolen cloak
‫ دﻓﺊ‬dafi’a a and ‫ دﻓﺆ‬dafu’a u to be warm; to feel warm II and IV to warm,
heat (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V, VIII ‫ ادﻓﺄ‬iddafa’a and X to warm o.s.
‫ دفء‬dif’ warmth, warmness, heat
Confidential
‫ دﻓﺊ‬dafi’ and ‫ دﰲء‬dafī’ warm
‫ دﻓﺂن‬daf’ān2, f. ‫ دﻓﺄى‬daf’ā warm
‫ دﻓﺎء‬difā’ heating
‫ دﻓﺎءة‬dafā’a warmth, warmness, heat
‫ دﻓﺎﻳﺔ‬daffāya pl. -āt stove
‫ ﻣﺪﻓﺄ‬midfa’ and ‫ ﻣﺪﻓﺄة‬midfa’a pl. ‫ ﻣﺪاﻓﺊ‬madāfi’2 stove, heating stove
‫ ﺗﺪﻓﺌﺔ‬tadfi’a heating, generation of heat
‫ دﻓـﱰ‬daftar pl. ‫ دﻓـﺎﺗﺮ‬dafātir 2 booklet; notebook, copybook; daybook,
journal; ledger (com.); roster, register, official register | ‫( دﻓـﱰ ﺣﺴـﺎﰊ‬ḥisābī)
account book; bank-book, passbook; ‫دﻓـﱰ اﳊﺴـﺎ ت‬ d. al-ḥisābāt letter file,
letter book, folder, portfolio; ‫ دﻓـﱰ اﻟﺸـﺮوط‬publication setting forth the terms
of a purchase, the conditions of a lease, the stipulations of a contract, or the
like; ‫ دﻓـﱰ اﻻﺷـﱰاك‬subscription booklet; ‫ دﻓـﱰ اﻟﺼـﻨﺪوق‬d. aṣ-ṣundūq cashbook
(com.); ‫دﻓـﱰ اﳌﺴـﺎﺣﺔ‬ cadastre, land register; ‫دﻓـﱰ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬ d. al-yaumīya diary,
journal; ‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎﺗﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﻚ‬mask ad-d. bookkeeping
484
‫ دﻓﱰﺧﺎﻧـﺔ‬daftarkāna archives, public records office (Eg.) | ‫دﻓﱰﺧﺎﻧـﺔ اﻷﻣـﻼك‬

‫ اﻟﻌﻘﺎرﻳﺔ‬d. al-amlāk al-‘aqārīya land-registry office (Tun.)
‫ دﻓﺘﲑ‬diftēriyā diphtheria
‫ دﻓﺮ‬dafara to push, push back (‫ ه‬s.o.); dafira a (dafar) to stink
‫ دﻓﺮ‬dafar stench
‫ دﻓﺮ‬dafir stinking, fetid
‫ دﻓﺲ‬dafasa to hide (A s.th.); to push
‫ دﻓـﻊ‬dafa‘a a (daf‘) to push; to push away, shove away, push back, drive
back, repel, remove, dislodge, drive away (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. from); ‫دﻓﻌـﻪ‬
‫( ﺟﺎﻧﺒـﺎ‬jāniban) to push, shove, or elbow, s.o. aside; to rid (‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬o.s., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of
s.th.), get rid of s.th.; to get the better (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬of s.o., of s.th.), conquer, master
control (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.); to fight (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ب‬ s.th. with); to reject, repudiate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to rebut, refute, disprove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to propel, drive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to move,
cause, urge, impel, egg on, goad (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to do s.th.), induce,
Confidential
incite, force, compel, oblige (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to), make s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ )ه‬do
s.th. (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ;)ل‬to band over, present, turn over (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to pay
(‫ ﲦﻨـﺎ‬tamanan a price, ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.) |‫( دﻓـﻊ ﺧﻄـﺎﻩ اﱃ‬kuṭāhū) to wend one’s
way to III to resist, withstand (‫ ه‬s.o., .s.th.). offer resistance (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to
contradict, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻦ‬so as to make him abstain from s.th.), dissuade
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); to suppress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to defend (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), uphold (‫ﻋـﻦ‬

s.th.); to be entrusted with the defense (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.th., of s.o., also jur.) V to
dash forward; to dart off, rush off; to pour forth, flow, stream, gush forth
(water); to spring up, make itself felt (an idea, a social tendency, and the
like) VI to shove or push one another; to push or shove one another away or
aside; to push off, shove off (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to issue in intermittent bursts, gush
forth intermittently; to burst forth, rush out, sally (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to be propelled,
be driven forward; to storm forward VII to dart off, rush off; to proceed
rashly, blindly, without forethought; to be too impetuous, be too hotheaded;
to plunge headlong (‫ ﰲ‬into s.th.); to rush, dart. make (‫ اﱃ‬at s.th.), pounce (‫اﱃ‬
on s.th.); to rush off, hurry off, go quickly (‫ اﱃ‬to; with foll. imperf.: to do
485
s.th.); to give o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to burst forth, gush out, pour forth, spurt, spout,
flow, run (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from; water); to let o.s. be carried away or be overcome (‫وراء‬
by s.th., e.g., ‫ وراء ﺷـﻬﻮاﺗﻪ‬šahawātihī by one’s bodily appetites, ‫ وراء ﺷـﻌﻮرﻩ‬by
one’s feelings, ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺟﻠﺔ‬ ‫ وراء‬by worldly things); to proceed, set out, begin (with
foll. imperf.: to do s.th.) X to try to ward off or stave off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬by)
‫ دﻓـﻊ‬daf‘ pushing back, shoving aside; repulsion. driving away, driving
off; dispelling; parrying, warding off, staving off; repulse, rejection.
repudiation; rebuttal; handing over, turning in; payment
‫ دﻓﻌـﺔ‬daf‘a (n. vic.) pl. dafa‘āt shove, push, thrust; impetus, impact,
momentum, forceful impulse, drive; ejaculation; payment; deposit;
disbursement; pl. issues (stock market)
‫ دﻓﻌـﺔ‬daf‘a pl. dufu‘āt, dafa‘āt that which issues at anyone time, a burst, a
gush, a spurt, and the like; time, instance |‫واﺣـﺪة‬ ‫( دﻓﻌـﺔ‬duf‘atan) all at one
time, all at once, in one stroke, in one fell swoop; ‫ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﺪﻓﻌـﺔ‬this time; ‫ﺳـﺖ‬
‫ دﻓﻌﺎت‬six times; ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ دﻓﻌﺎت ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ‬mutafāwita) at different times
Confidential
‫ دﻓﺎع‬daffā’ propelling, impelling, giving impetus; O piston (techn.)
‫ ﻣﺪﻓﻊ‬midfa’ pl. ‫ ﻣﺪاﻓﻊ‬madāfi‘2 gun, cannon |O ‫( ﻣﺪاﻓﻊ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪة اﳌﺮﻣـﻰ‬ba‘īdat al-
marmā) long-range guns; ‫( ﻣـﺪﻓﻊ رﺷـﺎش‬raššāš) machine gun; O ‫ﻣـﺪاﻓﻊ ﺿـﺨﻤﺔ‬
(ḍakma) heavy artillery; O ‫( اﳌـﺪاﻓﻊ اﳌﻀـﺎد ﻟﻠﻄـﺎﺋﺮات‬muḍādda) or ‫اﳌـﺪاﻓﻊ اﳌﻘﺎوﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻄـﺎﺋﺮات‬ (muqāwima) antiaircraft guns; O ‫( ﻣـﺪﻓﻊ ﺛﻼﺛـﻲ ﻣﻀـﺎد ﻟﻠﻄـﺎﺋﺮات‬tulātī,

muḍādd) three-barreled anti-aircraft gun (mil.); ‫ ﻣـﺪﻓﻊ ﻫـﻮن‬m. hāwun mortar;
‫ ﺿﺮب ﻣﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬ḍarb m. aẓ-ẓuhr marking of exact noon by cannon shot

‫ ﻣـﺪﻓﻌﻲ‬midfa‘ī gun-, cannon-, artillery- (in compounds); artilleryman,
gunner, cannoneer
‫ ﻣﺪﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬midfa‘īya artillery
‫ دﻓﺎع‬difā‘ protection; defense (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th., of s.o., also jur.) |‫ ﺧـﻂ اﻟـﺪﻓﺎع‬kaṭṭ
ad-d. line of defense; halfbacks (soccer); ‫ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻟـﺪﻓﺎع‬ majlis ad-d. defense
council; ‫ وزارة اﻟـﺪﻓﺎع‬ministry of defense, war ministry; ‫( اﻟـﺪﻓﺎع اﻟـﻮﻃﲏ‬waṭanī)
national defense; ‫( اﻟـﺪﻓﺎع اﳌﻀـﺎد ﻟﻠﻄـﺎﺋﺮات‬muḍādd) anti-aircraft defense; ‫دﻓـﺎع‬
‫ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‬legitimate self-defense
486
‫ دﻓﺎﻋﻲ‬difā‘ī defensive, protective

‫ ﻣﺪاﻓﻌﺔ‬mudāfa‘a defense (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.)
‫ اﻧــﺪﻓﺎع‬indifā‘ pl. -āt rush(ing), plunging, plunge (‫ ﰲ‬into); outburst,
outbreak eruption; élan, dash, impetuosity, rashness, hotheadedness, fire,
exuberance, effusiveness; self-abandon; ‫ اﻧﺪﻓﺎﻋﺎ‬indifā‘an spontaneously
‫ اﻧﺪﻓﺎﻋﺔ‬indifā‘a (n. vic.) sudden outburst, outbreak (e.g., of wailing)
‫ داﻓﻊ‬dāfi‘ repellent, expellant; driving, pushing, giving impetus, incentive,
impellent, propelling, propulsive, etc.; repeller; payer, e.g., ‫اﻟﻀـﺮاﺋﺐ‬ ‫ داﻓﻌـﻮا‬the
tax-payers; (pl. ‫دواﻓـﻊ‬ dawfi‘2) incentive, impulse, impetus, spur, motive;
‫( ﺑﺪاﻓﻊ‬with foll. genit.) motivated by ..., by reason of ..., on the strength of …

‫ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻋﺎت‬madfū‘āt payments
‫ ﻣﺪاﻓﻊ‬mudāfi‘ defender (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.o., of s.th.)
‫ دﻓـﻖ‬dafaqa u i (dafq) to pour out, pour forth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- u (dafq, ‫دﻓـﻮق‬
dufūq) to be shed; to flow, well out, spout, gush forth; to overflow (0 with
Confidential
s.th.) V to pour forth, spout forth, gush forth; to rush in; to break forth,
break out, burst out; to go off (shot); to plunge blindly (‫اﱃ‬ ,‫ ﰲ‬into s.th.); to
rush (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against); to crowd (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬into) VII = V
‫ دﻓﻖ‬dafq pouring out, effusion
‫ دﻓﻘـﺔ‬dufqa pl. dufuqāt, dufaqāt, dufqāt = ‫ دﻓﻌـﺔ‬duf‘a |‫( دﻓﻘـﺔ واﺣـﺪة‬dufqatan)
= ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ دﻓﻌﺔ واﺣﺪة; دﻓﻘﺎت‬d. ar-rīḥ gusts; ‫ دﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺎء‬gush of water
‫ دﻓﺎق‬dafāq bursting forth, darting out, rushing out
‫ ﺗـﺪﻓﻖ‬tadaffuq outpour, outflow, issue, effluence, efflux, effusion; influx,
run, rush, inrush, inpour; outbreak, outburst; impulsiveness; exuberance,
effusiveness
‫ داﻓــﻖ‬dāfiq pl. ‫ دواﻓــﻖ‬dawāfiq2 bursting forth, breaking out, erupting;
gushing, torrential
‫ ﻣﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬mutadaffiq impulsive; exuberant, effusive
‫ دﻓﻠﻰ‬diflā oleander (Nerium oleander L.; bot.)
‫ دﻓـﻦ‬dafana i (dafn) to bury, inter, inhume (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hide, conceal, keep
secret (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ دﻓﻦ‬dafn burial, interment, inhumation
487
‫ دﻓﲔ‬dafn pl. ‫ دﻓﻨﺎء‬dufanā’2 buried, intend; hidden, secret

‫ دﻓﻴﻨﺔ‬dafīna pl. ‫ دﻓﺎﺋﻦ‬dafā’in2 hidden treasure, treasure-trove
‫ ﻣـﺪﻓﻦ‬madfan, ‫ ﻣﺪﻓﻨـﺔ‬madfana pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪاﻓﻦ‬madāfin 2 burying place, burial
ground, cemetery
‫ دﻓﺎﻳﺔ‬see ‫دﻓﺊ‬
‫ دق‬daqqa i (‫ دﻗـﺔ‬diqqa) to be thin, fine, fragile, frail; to be little, small,
tiny, minute; to be subtle, delicate; to be insignificant, unimportant, trifling,
inconsiderable; to be too fine, too subtle (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for perception); -- u (daqq) to
crush, bruise, bray (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to grind, pulverize, powder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pound
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., meat); to strike (clock); to beat, throb (heart); to hammer, throb
(engine); to knock, rap, bang (‫ اﻟﺒـﺎب‬al-bāba on the door); to bump ( ‫رأﺳـﻪ‬
‫ﳊـﺎﺋﻂ‬ ra’sahū bi-l-ḥā’iṭ one’s head against the wall); to drive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a nail); to
ram in, drive in (constr. eng.); to beat, strum, play (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬a musical
instrument); to type (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on a typewriter); -- to sound, resound, ring out
Confidential
(said of musical instruments) |
ring;
‫(دق اﳉـﺮس‬jarasa) to ring the bell; ‫دق ﺟـﺮس‬
‫( اﳋﻄـﺮ‬j. al-kaṭar) to sound the alarm; ‫ دق اﳉـﺮس ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to call s.o. up, give s.o. a
‫دق اﳉـﺮس‬ (jarasu) the bell rang; ‫دﻗـﺖ اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺔ‬ the clock struck II to
triturate, pulverize, reduce to powder (oil s.th.); to he precise, exact, strict,
meticulous, painstaking, proceed with utmost accuracy or care (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.);
to scrutinize, examine closely, determine exactly (‫ ه‬s.th.); to do (‫ ه‬s.th.)
carefully, with precision! ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫( دﻗﻖ‬baḥta) to investigate carefully; ‫دﻗﻖ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
(naẓara) to watch attentively or carefully, scrutinize, examine closely (‫ﰲ‬
s.th.); ‫( دﻗـﻖ اﳌﻼﺣﻈـﺔ‬mulāḥaẓa) to observe closely III to deal scrupulously (‫ه‬
with s.o.) IV to make fine, make thin (‫ ه‬s.th.) VII to be crushed, brayed,
pounded; to be broken |‫ﻋﻨﻘـﻪ‬ ‫‘( اﻧـﺪق‬unquhū) he broke his neck X to be or

become thin or fine
‫ دق‬daqq crushing, bruising, braying, pounding; pulverization, trituration;
grinding (down); beat(ing), throb(bing); bang(ing), knock(ing), rap(ping);
tattoo(ing) |‫اﳉـﺮس‬ ‫ دق‬d. al-jaras peal, ringing, sound of a bell; ‫ دق اﳊﻨـﻖ‬d. al-
ḥanak chatter, prattle
488
‫ دق‬diqq fine, thin; little, small, tiny, minute; delicate, fragile, frail | ‫ﺷـﺠﺮ‬
‫( دق‬šajar) shrubbery, brush, scrub; ‫ ﲪﻰ اﻟﺪق‬ḥumma d-d. hectic fever
‫ دﻗﺔ‬daqqa (n. vic.) pl. -āt bang, knock, rap; beat, throb; stroke, striking (of
a clock); hammer, hammering sound; thumping, thump |‫اﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‬ ‫دﻗـﺎت‬ d. al-
qalb heartbeats; ‫ دﻗـﺔ اﳉـﺮس‬d. al-jaras peal, or ring, of a bell; telephone call,
ring
‫ دﻗـﺔ‬diqqa thinness; fineness; smallness, tininess, minuteness; triviality,
pettiness, paltriness; subtlety, subtleness, finesse; critical or precarious state,
delicate situation; accuracy, exactness, exactitude, precision |‫ ﺑﺪﻗـﺔ‬exactly,
accurately, precisely, minutely, painstakingly, meticulously, sharply; ‫دﻗـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر‬acuteness of feeling, sensitivity, sensitiveness, sensibility
‫ دﻗﺔ‬duqqa pl. ‫ دﻗﻖ‬duqaq fine dust; powder
‫ دﻗـﺎق‬duqāq crushed, brayed, or pulverized, substance; powder; dour of
lupine
‫ دﻗﻴـﻖ‬daqīq pl. ‫ دﻗـﺎق‬diqaq, ‫ ادﻗـﺔ‬adiqqa fine, thin; delicate, frail, fragile;
Confidential
little, small, tiny, puny, minute; subtle; paltry, petty, trifling, trivial;
precise, accurate, exact; painstaking, scrupulous, meticulous; inexorable,
relentless, strict, rigorous; delicate (situation), critical, trying, serious,
precarious; -- flour, meal |‫اﳊﺴــﺎب‬ ‫دﻗﻴــﻖ‬ keeping strict account, strict,
relentless, inexorable; ‫دﻗﻴــﻖ اﻟﺸــﻌﻮر‬ sensitive; ‫ دﻗﻴــﻖ اﻟﺼــﻨﻊ‬d. aṣ-ṣan‘ finely
worked, of delicate workmanship; ‫ دﻗﻴــﻖ اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ‬d. an-naẓar clear-sighted,
penetrating, discerning, sensitive; ‫اﺑـﻮ دﻗﻴـﻖ‬ abū d. butterfly; ‫اﻷﻋﻀـﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘـﺔ‬
(a‘ḍā’) the genitals
‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬daqīqa pl. ‫ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬daqā’iq2 particle; nicety; intricacy; detail, particular;
minute (time unit) |‫اﻷﻣـﻮر‬ ‫ دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬the niceties, intricacies, or secret implications
of things
‫ دﻗـﺎق‬daqqāq grinder, crusher; flour merchant; frequently or constantly
beating, striking, etc.; player of an instrument |‫دﻗﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬repeater (watch)
‫ دﻗﺎﻗﺔ‬daqqāqa knocker, rapper (of a door)
‫ ادق‬adaqq2 finer; more delicate; smaller, tinier; more accurate, preciser;
stricter
‫ ﻣﺪق‬midaqq beetle; pounder, pestle; (eg.) trail, footpath
489
‫ ﻣﺪﻗـﺔ‬midaqqa pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪاق‬madāqq2 pounder, pestle; beetle; clapper. tongue

(of a bell)
‫ ﺗـﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬tadqīq accuracy, precision, exactness, exactitude ‫ ﺑﺘـﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬exactly,
precisely, accurately, minutely
‫ ﻣــﺪﻗﻖ‬mudaqqiq exact, accurate (scholar), thorough (investigator),
painstaking, meticulous, strict, relentless
‫ ﻣﺪﻗﻖ‬mudaqqiq precise, exact (data)
‫ داﻗــﺮة‬dāqira pl. ‫ دواﻗــﺮ‬dawāqir2 elay vessel 2 (tun.); -- stipend for
underprivileged students (tun.)
‫ دﻗﺸﻮم‬daqšūm (eg.) rubblestone, crushed rock; brickbats, gravel
‫ دﻗـﻊ‬daqi‘a a (daqa‘) to grovel, cringe; to be miserable, wretched, humble,
abject; to live in poverty IV do.; to make miserable (‫ ه‬s.o.; poverty)
‫ ادﻗﺎع‬iddiqā‘ mass poverty
‫ ﻣﺪﻗﻊ‬mudqi‘ miserable, wretched; degrading, abasing (poverty)
‫ دﻗـﻞ‬daqal mast (of a ship); mainmast; (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a brand of dates of
good quality (magr.)
Confidential
1‫ دك‬dakka u (dakk) to make flat, level or even, to smooth, level, ram,
stamp, tamp (‫ ﻫ ـ‬earth, the ground, a road); to press down, weigh down; to
beat down; to devastate, demolish, destroy, ruin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to mix, mingle
(‫ ه‬s.th.) VII to be crushed; to be leveled
‫ دك‬dakk pl. ‫ دﻛــﻮك‬dukūk level ground; -- devastation, demolition,

destruction
‫ دﻛﺔ‬dakka pl. -āt rubblestone, crushed rock; hallast
‫ دﻛﺔ‬dikka pl. ‫ دﻛﻚ‬dikak bench
‫ دﻛﺎن‬dukkān pl. ‫ دﻛﺎﻛﲔ‬dakākīn2 bench; store, shop
‫ دﻛﺎﳒﻲ‬dukkānjī storekeeper, shopkeeper, retailer
‫ ﻣﺪك‬midakk pl. -āt ramrod; O tamper rammer
2‫ دك‬II to provide (‫ ﻫـ‬trousers) with a waist-band (dikka or tikka)
‫ دﻛﺔ‬dikka (= ‫ ﺗﻜﺔ‬tikka) waistband (in the upper seam of trousers)

‫ دﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮرﻳﺔ‬diktātūrīya dictatorship
‫ دﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮرى‬diktātūrī dictatorial
490
‫ دﻛﺘﻮر‬duktūr pl. ‫ ﻛﺎﺗﺮة‬dakātira doctor | ‫دﻛﺘﻮر ﰲ اﳊﻘﻮق‬doctor of laws, LL.D.;

‫( دﻛﺘﻮر ﰲ اﻟﻄﺐ‬ṭibb) doctor of medicine, M.D.
‫ دﻛﺘـﻮراة‬duktūrāh doctorate, doctorship, doctor’s degree, title of doctor |
‫( اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻔﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬fakrīya) honorary doctorate
‫ ادﻛﺮ‬see ‫ذﻛﺮ‬
‫( دﻛﺮﻳﺘﻮ‬It. decreto) dikrītō pl. ‫ دﻛﺮﻳﺘﺎت‬decree
1‫ ادﻛﻦ‬adkan2, f. ‫ دﻛﻨﺎء‬daknā’2 pl. ‫ دﻛﻦ‬dukn blackish, dark (color)
‫ داﻛــﻦ‬dākin dark, dark-colored |‫ اﺣﻀــﺮ داﻛــﻦ‬dark green; ‫اﺻــﻔﺮ داﻛــﻦ‬

yellowish, of a dingy yellow, mud-colored
2‫ دﻛﺎن‬see 1‫دك‬
‫ دل‬dalla a (‫ دﻻﻟـﺔ‬dalāa) to show, demonstrate, point out (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬to s.o.

s.th.); to lead, guide, direct, conduct (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ه‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. to), show s.o. (‫ )ه‬the
way (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to); to show, indicate, mark (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to point (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.th.),
evince, indicate, denote, imply, bespeak, suggest (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), be indicative,
Confidential
be suggestive (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of); to furnish evidence (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.th.), prove (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); -
- (1st pers. perf. dalaltu) i (‫ دﻻل‬dalīl) to be coquettish, flirt, dally (of a

woman; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.) II to prove (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), furnish the proof (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for),
confirm, corroborate (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. with); to sell or put up at auction, auction
off (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to pamper, coddle, spoil (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fondle, caress, pet (‫ ه‬a
child) IV to make free, take liberties (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.); to pride o.s. (‫ ب‬on), be
conceited (‫ ب‬of) V to be coquettish, flirt, dally (of a woman; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.);
to be coy, behave affectedly; to take liberties (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.); to pamper,
coddle (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) X to ask to be shown (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to seek information,

inform o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬about); to obtain information; to be informed (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬about); to
be guided (‫ ب‬by), act or proceed in accordance with (‫ ;)ب‬to conclude,
gather, infer (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from), draw conclusions (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from, ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
with regard to), judge (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬by)
‫ دل‬dall proper, dignified conduct; coquetry, flirtation
491
‫ دﻟـﺔ‬dalla pl. ‫ دﻻل‬dilāl pot with long curved spout and handle used for
making coffee (among Syrian nomads and in some parts of Saudi Arabia)
‫ دﻻل‬dalāl coquetry, coquettishness; pampering, coddling, spoiling
‫ دﻟﻴـﻞ‬dalīl pl. ‫ ادﻟـﺔ‬adilla, ‫ دﻻﺋـﻞ‬dalā’l2, ‫ ادﻻء‬adillā’2 (the latter of persons)
indication (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of); sign, token; symptom; proof, evidence (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of); guide;
tourist guide, cicerone; pilot (of a ship, of an airplane); guidebook, guide
manual, handbook; directory, telephone directory; railroad guide, timetable;
guide rail (tech.); roller path (in steel construction) |‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ اﻗـﺎم اﻟـﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬to furnish
the proof for, demonstrate, prove s.th.; ‫دﻟﻴــﻞ ﻇــﺮﰲ‬ (ẓarfī) circumstantial
evidence; ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ‬ ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ‬cogent proof, conclusive evidence
‫ دﻻل‬dallāl auctioneer; broker, jobber, middleman, agent, commission
merchant; hawker
‫ دﻻﻟـﺔ‬dalāla pl. -āt pointing; guidance; leading, leadership; indication (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
of); sign, token; sense, meaning
‫ دﻻﻟـﺔ‬dilāla auction, public sale; business of a broker or middleman;
brokerage commission; trade of a dealer, jobber or agent
Confidential
‫ دﻻﻟﺔ‬dallāla middlewoman, woman broker
‫ ادل‬adall2 proving more cogently (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.th.), more indicative or
suggestive (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of) |‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
proof of
‫ادل دﻟﻴـﻞ‬ (dalīlin) the surest evidence of, the best
‫ ﺗـﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬tadlīl reasoning, argumentation, demonstration; proving (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of),

furnishing of proof or evidence (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); corroboration, substantiation,
confirmation; pampering, oeddling, spoiling; fondling, petting, caressing;
pet form (of a name) |‫اﻟﺘﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ اﺳﻢ‬pet name; ‫ ﺗﺪﻟﻴﻼ ﻣﻦ‬a pet form of ...
‫ ﺗﺪﻟﻞ‬tadallul coquetry, coquettishness; pampering, coddling, spoiling
‫ اﺳــﺘﺪﻻل‬istidlāl reasoning, argumentation, demonstration; conclusion,
inference, deduction; proof, evidence (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of)
‫ داﻟـﺔ‬dālla familiarity, chumminess; liberty (that one takes with s.o.);
audacity. boldness
‫ ﻣـﺪﻟﻮل‬madlūl proven; (pl. -āt) meaning, sense |‫ ﻣـﺪﻟﻮﻻت اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺎت‬m. al-
kalimāt lexical meanings
‫ ﻣﺪﻟﻞ‬mudallal pampered, spoiled (child)
492
‫ ﻣﺪل‬mudill presumptuous, arrogant |‫( ﻣﺪل ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬bi-nafsihī) conceited, self-

important
1‫ دل‬dulb plane tree, sycamore (bot.)
2‫ دوﻟﺐ‬pl. ‫ دواﻟﻴﺐ‬look up alphabetically
‫ دﻟﺘﺎ‬Nile Delta, Lower Egypt

‫ دﰿ‬IV to set out at nightfall
‫ دﻟﻮح‬dalūḥ pl. ‫ دﱀ‬duluḥ moisture-laden cloud
‫ دﻟـﺪل‬daldala to set into a swinging motion, dangle II tadaldala to hang
loosely, dangle
‫ دﻟﺪل‬duldul and ‫ دﻟﺪول‬duldūl porcupine (zool.)
‫ دﻟـﺲ‬II to swindle, cheat; to counterfeit, forge, falsify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to
deceive, defraud (‫ ه‬s.o.), impose (‫ ه‬on)
‫ ﺗﺪﻟﻴﺲ‬tadlīs deceit, fraud; swindle
‫ ﺗﺪﻟﻴﺴﻲ‬tadlīsī fraudulent
‫ ﻣـﺪﻟﺲ‬mudallas forged, counterfeit |‫ ﻧﻘـﻮد ﻣﺪﻟﺴـﺔ‬counterfeit money; ‫ﻣﻔـﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺔ‬forged keys
‫ دﻟﻊ‬dala‘a a (dal‘) with ‫ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ‬lisānahū: to stick out one’s tongue; to loll, let
the tongue hang out II to pamper, spoil (‫ ه‬a child); to caress, fondle, pet (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV ‫( ﺷـﻲء ﻳـﺪﻟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬eg.) a nauseating, disgusting thing VII to stick out,
be stuck out, hang out, loll (tongue); to dart out, lick out, leap out. dare up
(dame), break out (fire); to be pampered, spoiled (child)
‫ دﻟﻊ‬dal‘: ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻟﺪﻟﻊ‬ism ad-d. pet name
‫ دﻻع‬dallā‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬watermelon (magr.)
‫ دﻟﻐﺎن‬dilgan clay
‫ دﻟـﻒ‬dalafa i (dalf, ‫ دﻟـﻮف‬dulūf, ‫ دﻟﻔـﺎن‬dalafān) to walk with short steps.
toddle; to go or walk slowly, saunter, stroll (‫ اﱃ‬to); to advance (Jo toward);
to approach step by step (‫ اﱃ‬s.o. or s.th.); to penetrate, reach (‫ اﱃ‬as far as); to
grope (‫ اﱃ‬for, of the hand); to leak, drip, trickle (water)
O ‫ داﻟﻒ‬dālif pl. ‫ دواﻟﻒ‬dawālif2 ricochet (mil.)
‫ دﻟﻔﲔ‬dulfīn pl. ‫ دﻻﻓﲔ‬dalāfīn2 dolphin
493
‫ دﻟﻖ‬dalaqa u to spill, pour out (‫ ﻫـ‬a liquid) VII to be spilled (liquid)

‫ دﻟـﻚ‬dalaka u (dalk) to rub (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stroke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), pass the hand (‫ﻫ ـ‬
over s.th.); to knead (‫ اﻟﻌﺠـﲔ‬the dough); -- u (‫ دﻟـﻮك‬dulūk) to set, go down
(sun) II to rub (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.), embrocate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to knead; to massage (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ دﻟﻚ‬dalk rubbing; grazing, brushing, touching, touch
‫ دﻟﻮك‬dalūk liniment
‫ دﻟﻮك‬dulūk, ‫ دﻟﻮك اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬d. aš-šams sunset
‫ ﺗﺪﻟﻴﻚ‬tadlīk embrocation; massage
‫ ﻣﺪﻟﻜﺔ‬mudallika pl. -āt masseuse
‫ دﻟـﻪ‬II to rob s.o. (‫ )ه‬of his senses, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.) crazy (love) V to go out
of one’s mind, go crazy (with love) |‫ﺣﺒـﻪ‬ ‫( ﺗـﺪﳍﺖ ﰲ‬ḥubbihī) she has fallen in
love with him
‫ ﻣﺪﻟﻪ‬mudallah madly in love
‫ دﳍﻢ‬IV idlahamma to be dark, gloomy; to be deep-black
Confidential
‫ دﳍﻢ‬dalham dark, gloomy; deep-black
‫ ادﳍﻤﺎم‬idlihmām a deep black
‫ ﻣﺪﳍﻢ‬mudlahimm dark, gloomy; deep-black
‫ دﻟـﻮ‬II to let hang, dangle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hang, suspend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to lower (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to drop, let down, let fall down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV = II; to cast down (‫ﻫ ـ‬
glances, ‫ اﱃ‬on s.o.); to let one’s glance (‫ ﻧﻈـﺎرﻩ‬bi-anẓārihī) sweep down; to

express, utter, voice (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., ‫ ﺑﺮأﻳـﻪ‬bi-ra’yihī one’s opinion); to deliver,
make (‫ ﺑﺘﺼـﺮﻳﺢ‬a statement; pol.); to adduce, present, advance, offer (‫ ﲝﺠـﺔ‬bi-
ḥijjatin an argument); to inform, notify, advise (‫ ب اﱃ‬s.o. of), let (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.)
know (‫ ب‬about); to offer, present (‫ ب اﱃ‬to s.o. s.th.); to grant, give (‫ل‬ ‫ﲝﺪﻳﺚ‬
an interview to s.o.); to slander, defame: asperse (‫ ﰲ‬s.o.) |‫ادﱃ دﻟـﻮﻩ ﺑـﲔ اﻟـﺪﻻء‬
(dalwahū, dilā’) or ‫ ادﱃ ﺑـﺪﻟﻮﻩ ﰲ اﻟـﺪﻻء‬to make one’s contribution (together
with others), add one’s touch, put in one’s two bits’ worth V to hang down,
be suspended, dangle (‫ ب‬from); to be lowered, be let down; to be or become
low; to sink, descend |‫ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻮط‬ ‫ ﺗﺪﱃ‬to threaten to fall down, be ready to fall
494
‫ دﻟـﻮ‬dalw usually f., pl. ‫ ادل‬adlin, ‫ دﻻء‬dilā’, ‫ ادﻻء‬adlā’ leather bucket;

bucket, pail; Aquarius (astron.)
‫ دﻻﻳﺔ‬dallāya pendant
‫ ادﻻء‬idlā’ delivery (of a statement); utterance, statement; presentation;
granting
‫ داﻟﻴـﺔ‬dāliya pl. ‫ دوال‬dawālin waterwheel (for irrigation); trellis, espalier on
which grapevines are trained; varix, varicose vein
‫ ﻣﺘــﺪل‬mutadallin pendent, suspended, hanging, dangling; projecting,
overhanging, ready to fall down
‫ داﻟﻴﺎ‬look up alphabetically
1‫ دم‬dam pl. ‫ دﻣـﺎء‬dimā’ blood; ‫ دﻣـﺎء‬homicide cases (jur.) |‫ دم اﻷﺧـﻮﻳﻦ‬d. al-
akawain dragon’s blood (a dark-red, resinous substance derived from the
dragon tree, Dracaena draco)
‫ دﻣﻲ‬damī blood- (in compounds), sanguine
‫ دﻣﻮي‬damawī blood- (in compounds), sanguine; sanguinary, bloody
2‫ دم‬damma u (damm) to coat, smear, besmear (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with); to paint,
Confidential
daub, color, dye, tinge, tint (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with) II to rub, embrocate, anoint ( ‫ب‬
‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. with)
‫ دم‬damm ointment, unguent, salve, liniment, embrocation; paint;
pigment, dye, dyestuff; rouge
‫ دﻣــﺎم‬dimām ointment, unguent, salve, liniment, embrocation; paint;
pigment, dye, dyestuff; rouge
‫ دﻣـﻴﻢ‬damīm pl. ‫ دﻣـﺎم‬dimām ugly; deformed, misshapen | ‫دﻣـﻴﻢ اﳋﻠﻘـﺔ‬d. al-
kilqa ugly to look at, of repulsive appearance
‫ دﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬damāma ugliness; ugly appearance; abominableness, monstrosity
‫ اﻟـﺪﻣﺎم‬ad-dammām Dammam (seaport in E Saudi Arabia, on the Persian
Gulf)
‫ دﻣـﺚ‬damuta u (‫ دﻣﺎﺛـﺔ‬damāta) to be gentle, mild (character) II to soften,
mellow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ دﻣﺚ‬damit pl. ‫ دﻣﺎث‬dimāt: ‫ دﻣﺚ اﻷﺧﻼق‬gentle, mild-tempered
‫ دﻣﺎﺛﺔ‬damāta mildness, gentleness, tenderness (of character)
‫ دﻣـﺞ‬damaja u (‫ دوﻣـﺞ‬dumūj to enter (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), go or come into (‫)ﰲ‬, be
inserted, incorporated (‫ ﰲ‬in) II to write shorthand IV to twist tightly, twine
495
firmly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to enter, insert, include, incorporate, embody (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.th. in);
to introduce, interpolate, intercalate (‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ﰲ‬s.th. in); to annex (‫ ﰲ‬s.th. to) VII
to be inserted, he incorporated (‫ ﰲ‬in); to be annexed (‫ ﰲ‬to); to merge (‫ﰲ‬
with), be swallowed up, he absorbed (‫ ﰲ‬by); to be fused, fuse, amalgamate
‫ ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺞ‬tadmīj shorthand, stenography
‫ ادﻣــﺎج‬idmāj insertion, incorporation, interpolation; inclusion (‫ ﰲ‬in);
assimilation
‫ اﻧـﺪﻣﺎج‬indimāj incorporation, insertion (‫ ﰲ‬in); amalgamation, merger,
merging (‫ ﰲ‬with); absorption (‫ ﰲ‬by); annexation (‫ ﰲ‬to); fusion; assimilation
‫ ﻣﺪﻣﺞ‬mudmaj firm, compact
‫ ﻣﻨﺪﻣﺞ‬mundamij firm, compact, tight
‫ دﳎﺎﻧﺔ‬damajāna (also ‫ )داﳎﺎﻧﺔ‬pl. -āt demijohn, carboy
‫ دﻣﺪم‬damdama to mutter, grumble, growl, snarl
‫ دﻣﺪم‬damdama pl. -āt growl, snarl; rumbling noise, rumble
Confidential
1‫ دﻣـﺮ‬damara u to perish, he ruined, he destroyed II to annihilate, destroy,
ruin, demolish, wreck (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to he destroyed, demolished, ruined,

wrecked VII to he destroyed, be annihilated
‫ دﻣﺎر‬damār ruin, destruction
‫ ﺗﺪﻣﲑ‬tadmīr annihilation, destruction, demolition
‫ اﻧﺪﻣﺎر‬indimār utter defeat, rout, destruction, annihilation
‫ ﻣﺪﻣﺮة‬mudammira pl. -āt destroyer (naut.)
2 ‫دﻣﻮر‬dammūr (eg.) a coarse calico-like fabric
‫ دﻣﻮري‬dammūrī (eg.) made of dammūr (see above)
3‫ دﻣﲑة‬damīra (eg.) flood season of the Nile
4 ‫ﻻ دوﻣﺮى‬lā dūmarī (= ‫ )ﻻ ﺗﺪﻣﺮي‬nobody, no one, not a living soul

5 ‫ﺗـﺪﻣﺮ‬ tadmur2, usually pronounced tudmur, Palmyra (ancient city in
Syria, now a small village)
‫ ﺗﺪﻣﺮي‬tadmurī, usually pronounced tudmurī, someone, somebody; ‫ﻻ ﺗﺪﻣﺮي‬
nobody, no one, not a living soul
‫ دﻣﺲ‬damasa u to hide, conceal, disguise (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to bury (‫ ه ﰲ اﻷرض‬s.o.
in the ground) II do.
496
‫ دﻣﺲ‬dims (eg.) cinders, ashes

‫ دﻣﺎﺳﺔ‬damāsa darkness
‫ ادﻣﺎس‬admās (pl.) hovels, shanties, huts
‫ دﻣﻮس‬dammūs pl. ‫ دﻣﺎﻣﻴﺲ‬damāmīs2 cave, cavern
‫ دﳝﺎس‬daimās, dīmās, ‫ دﳝﻮس‬daimūs pl. ‫ د ﻣﻴﺲ‬dayāmīs2 dungeon; vault
‫ داﻣﺲ‬dāmis pitch-dark; dark, gloomy, dusky
‫ ﻓﻮل ﻣﺪﻣﺲ‬fūl mudammas stewed beans
‫ دﻣﺸﻖ‬dimašq2, dimišq2 Damascus (capital of Syria)
‫ ﻣﺪﻣﺸــﻖ‬mudamšaq damascened, damasked; (syr.) having adopted a
sophisticated style of living (imitating that of Damascus), urbanized
‫ دﻣـﻊ‬dama‘a a to water (eye) IV to cause to weep, evoke tears, make (the
eyes) water
‫ دﻣﻊ‬dam‘ pl. ‫ دﻣﻮع‬dumū‘ tears
‫ دﻣﻌﺔ‬dam‘a (n. un.) tear, teardrop; (eg.) dim‘a gravy
‫ دﻣﻌﻲ‬dam‘ī: ‫( ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ دﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬qunbula) teargas bomb
Confidential
‫ دﻣﻌﺔ‬dam‘a and ‫ دﻣﻴـﻊ‬damī’ pl. ‫ دﻣﻌـﻰ‬dam‘ā, ‫ دﻣـﺎﺋﻊ‬damā’i‘2 readily inclined
to weep, frequently weeping, tearful, lachrymose (woman)
‫ دﻣﻮع‬damū‘ and ‫ دﻣﺎع‬dammā‘ watering, watery, tearful (eyes)
‫ ﻣﺪﻣﻊ‬madma‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﺪاﻣﻊ‬madāmi‘ lachrymal canal
1‫ دﻣـﻎ‬damaga a to refute, invalidate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a falsehood, an error, a false
accusation); to triumph (‫ ﻫـ‬over falsehood; said of truth)

‫ دﻣﺎغ‬dimāg pl. ‫ ادﻣﻐﺔ‬admiga brain
‫ داﻣﻐﺔ‬dāmiga cogent argument; ‫( ﺷﻬﺎدة داﻣﻐﺔ‬šahāda) irrefutable testimony
2‫ دﻣـﻎ‬damaga u (damg) to stamp, provide or mark with a stamp (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to hallmark (‫ ﻫـ‬gold and silver articles); to brand (‫ ﻫـ‬an animal)

‫ دﻣـﻎ‬damg stamping |‫ دﻣـﻎ اﳌﺼـﻮﻏﺎت‬d. al-maṣūgāt hallmarking of gold and
silver articles
‫ دﻣﻐـﺔ‬damga stamp; hallmark (on gold and silver articles) |‫ ورق دﻣﻐـﺔ‬waraq
d. stamped paper
‫ ﻣﺪﻣﻮغ‬madmūg stamped, bearing a stamp
‫ دﻣﻘﺮاﻃﻲ‬dimuqrāṭī democratic; democrat
497
‫ دﻣﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ‬dimuqrāṭīya democracy; democratic attitude or conviction

‫ دﻣﻘﺲ‬dimaqs raw silk
‫ دﻣﻘﺴﻲ‬dimaqsī silken, silky
‫ ﻣﺪﻣﻮك‬madmūk and ‫ ﻣﺪﻣﻚ‬mudmak firm, tight, taut
‫ دﻣـﻞ‬damala u (daml, ‫ دﻣـﻼن‬damalān) to fertilize, manure, dung (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
soil); -- damila a (damal) to heal, heal up, scar over, cicatrize (wound) VII to
heal, heal up, scar overt cicatrize (wound); to fester, suppurate (sore)
‫ دﻣﻞ‬dummal (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ دﻣﺎﻣﻞ‬damāmil 2, ‫ دﻣﺎﻣﻴﻞ‬damāmīl2 abscess, boil,
sore, tumor, ulcer; furuncle; bubo, plague boil; inveterate evil
‫ ﻃﺎﻋﻮن دﻣﻠﻲ‬ṭā‘ūn dummalī bubonic plague
‫ دﻣﻠﺞ‬dumluj pl. ‫ دﻣﺎﰿ‬damālij2, bracelet, bangle
1‫ دﻣـﻦ‬damana u (damn) to fertilize, manure, dung (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the soil) IV to give
o.s. up, devote o.s., apply o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ﻫـ‬ to), go in for (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫;)ﻫ ـ‬ to be
addicted (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬e.g., to liquor)
‫ دﻣﻦ‬dimn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ دﻣﻦ‬diman fertilizer, manure, dung
Confidential
‫ دﻣﻨﺔ‬dimna pl. ‫ دﻣﻦ‬diman vestiges or remnants of a dwelling, ruins
‫ دﻣﺎن‬damān fertilizer, manure, dung
‫ ادﻣـﺎن‬idmān addiction; excess; mania; dipsomania |‫ ادﻣـﺎن اﳌﺴـﻜﺮات‬i. al-
muskirāt alcoholism
‫ ﻣﺪﻣﻦ‬mudmin addicted, given up (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬e.g., to wine); an addict (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of)
2‫ دﻣﺎن‬dumān see ‫دوﻣﺎن‬
‫ دﻣﻨﻬﻮر‬damanhūr2 Damanhur (city in N Egypt)

‫ دﻣﻮي‬see 1‫دم‬
1‫ دﻣﻰ‬damiya a to bleed II and IV to cause to bleed
‫ دام‬dāmin bleeding, bloody, gory
‫ ﻣﺪﻣﻰ‬mudamman, f. ‫ ﻣﺪﻣﺎة‬bloody; blood-red
2‫ دﻣﻴﺔ‬dumya pl. ‫ دﻣﻰ‬duman statue, statuette; image, effigy; dummy; doll
‫ دﻣﻴﺎط‬dimyāṭ2 Damietta (city in N Egypt)

‫ دن‬danna u (dann, ‫ دﻧﲔ‬danīn) to buzz, hum (insect); to drone
‫ دن‬dann and ‫ دﻧﲔ‬danīn buzz(ing), hum(ming), droning, drone
498
‫ دن‬dann pl. ‫ د ن‬dinān earthen wine jug

‫ د‬dana’a a and ‫ دﻧـﺆ‬danu’a u (‫ دﻧـﻮءة‬dunū’a, ‫ د ءة‬danā’a) to be low, mean,
base, vile, contemptible, despicable
‫ دﱐء‬danī’ pl. ‫ ادﻧﻴـﺎء‬adniyā’2, ‫ اد ء‬adnā’ low, base, mean, vile, despicable,
contemptible; inferior, second-rate, of poor quality
‫ اد‬adna’2 lower, viler, meaner; more inferior, of poorer quality
‫ د ءة‬danā’a lowness, baseness, meanness, vileness; inferiority
‫ دﻧﺘﻠﺔ‬,‫( دﻧﺘﻼ‬Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace, lacework
‫ دﳒﻞ‬dinjil (eg.) pl. ‫ د ﺟﻞ‬danājil2 axle, axle-tree
‫( دﻧﺪرﻣﻪ‬Turk. dondurma) dandurma ice cream
‫ د دﺷﺔ‬danādiša common people, people of no consequence
‫ دﻧـﺪن‬dandana to buzz, hum; to drone; to hum softly, croon (a song); to
murmur
‫ دﻧﺪي‬dindī (eg.) turkey
‫ دﻳﻨﺎر‬pl. ‫ د ﻧﲑ‬look up alphabetically
Confidential
‫ دﻧـﺲ‬danisa a (danas) to be soiled, sullied, defiled, polluted II to stain,
soil, dirty, befoul, sully, pollute, contaminate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to dishonor, disgrace
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to desecrate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V pass. of II
‫ دﻧـﺲ‬danas pl. ‫ اد س‬adnās uncleanness, dirt, filth, squalor; stain, blemish,

fault
‫ دﻧـﺲ‬danis pl. ‫ اد س‬adnās, ‫ دﻧﺴـﺎء‬dunasā’2 unclean, soiled, sullied, foul,
polluted, defiled, stained
‫ ﺗــﺪﻧﻴﺲ‬tadnīs pollution, defilement, soiling, sullying, contamination;
dishonoring, disgracing; desecration, profanation
‫ دﻧﻒ‬danifa a (danaf) to be seriously ill IV do.
‫ دﻧﻒ‬danif pl. ‫ اد ف‬adnāf seriouly ill
‫ دﻧﻒ‬danaf long illness; O cachexia, marasmus (med.)
‫ ﻣﺪﻧﻒ‬mudnif, mudnaf emaciated, haggard, weak
‫ داﻧﻖ‬look up alphabetically
‫ دﻧﻘﻠﺔ‬dunqula Dongola (town in N Sudan, on the Nile)
‫دﻧﻜﻞ = دﳒﻞ‬
‫ دﳕﺮك‬danmark2 Denmark
499
(‫ دﻧـﻮ‬and‫ دﱏ( د‬danū u (‫ دﻧـﻮ‬dunūw, ‫ د وة‬danāwa) to be near, be close; to

come or go near s.o. or s.th. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫)ل‬, approach (‫ ل‬,‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.);
to come close, get close (‫ ل‬,‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to), approximate (‫ ل‬,‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to
draw near, be imminent (time, event); ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ د ﺑﻪ‬to bring s.o. close to ...; -- ‫دﱐ‬
daniya a ( ‫ د‬danan, ‫ د ﻳـﺔ‬danaya) to be low, lowly; to be or become mean,
base, vile, despicable, contemptible II to bring close (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to),
bring, take or move (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.) near (‫)ﻣﻦ‬, approximate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣﻦ‬to); to
apply o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬to s.th.), busy o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬with s.th.), delve (‫ ﰲ‬into); ‫دﱏ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
(nafsahū) to lower o.s., abase o.s., humble o.s. III to approach (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), come or get near s.o. or s.th. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫)ه‬, come or get close (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬to); to
approximate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to measure up (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ to) |‫ﻳـﺪاﱏ‬

‫( ﺷـﻲء ﻻ‬yudānā) an
unequaled thing IV to be near, be close; to approach (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬s.o. or
s.th.), come, go or draw near s.o. or s.th. (‫ ل‬,‫ اﱃ‬,‫)ﻣـﻦ‬, come close, get close
Confidential
(‫ ل‬,‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to); to bring close (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to), bring, take or move (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) near (‫)ﻣـﻦ‬, approximate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to); to lower, drop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
e.g., the veil) V to approach gradually (‫ اﱃ‬s.th. or s.o.); to be debased, sink
low, sink, decline; to lower o.s., abase o.s., humble o.s. VI to come near
each other, get close to each other, approach one another; to be close
together; to approach, approximate (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ ادﱏ‬iddanā to be near, be
close, come or draw near, approach X to wish to be nearer or closer, try to
come nearer or closer; to seek to fetch or bring closer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬to, to o.s.),
reach out (‫ ﻫـ‬for s.th.), wish (‫ه‬ ‫ اﻟﻴﻪ‬for s.th.)
‫ دﻧـﻮ‬dunūw advent, approach; proximity, nearness, imminence (of an
event)
‫ دﱏ‬danīy pl. ‫ ادﻧﻴـﺎء‬adniyā’ near, close; low, lowly; mean, base, vile,
despicable, contemptible, inferior, infamous, depraved
‫ دﻧﻴـﺔ‬danīy pl. -āt, ‫ د‬danāyā a base quality or habit; s.th. disgraceful,
infamy, vile action
‫ ادﱏ‬adnā, f. ‫ دﻧﻴـﺎ‬dunyā pl. m. ‫ ادان‬adānin, ‫ ادﻧـﻮن‬adnūn pl. f. ‫ دﱏ‬dunan
nearer, closer; situated lower down, nether; lower, inferior; lowlier; smaller,
of less significance; more appropriate, better suited, more suitable | ‫اﻟﺸـﺮق‬
500
‫اﻷدﱏ‬ (šarq) the Near East; ‫اﳌﻐـﺮب اﻷدﱏ‬ (magrib) Algeria; ‫ادﱏ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﺒـﻞ اﻟﻮرﻳـﺪ‬
(ḥabli al-warīd) very near or close, imminent; ‫ اﻷﻗـﺎرب اﻷدﻧـﻮن‬the closest
relatives; ‫ﻣـﻦ اد ﻩ اﱃ اﻗﺼــﺎﻩ‬ (aqṣāhū) from one end to the other; wholly,
entirely, completely, altogether; ‫اﳊــﺪ اﻷدﱏ‬ (ḥadd) the minimum; ‫اد ﻩ‬
hereinafter, below (in writings, documents, etc.) e.g., ‫اﳌﻮﻗﻌ ــﻮن اد ﻩ‬
(muwaqqi‘ūn) those signed below, the undersigned; ‫ادﱏ‬ ‫( ﻻ‬with foll. genit.)
not the least, not a single, not one
‫ دﻧﻴـﺎ‬dunyā (f. of ‫ ادﱏ‬adnā) world; earth; this world (as opposed to ‫;)آﺧـﺮة‬
life in this world. worldly existence; worldly. temporal things or
possessions; earthly things or concerns |‫اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬life in this world; ‫ام اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
umm ad-d. Cairo; ‫واﻗﻌـﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ اﻗـﺎم اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬aqāma d-d. wa-aq‘adahā approx.: to kick
up a dust, make a stir, move heaven and earth
‫ دﻧﻴــﻮي‬dunyawī, ‫ دﻧﻴــﺎوي‬dunyāwī worldly, mundane, secular; earthly,
temporal, transitory, transient
‫ د وة‬danāwa nearness, closeness, proximity, propinquity; lowness,
Confidential
lowliness; meanness, baseness, vileness
‫ د ﻳﺔ‬danāya lowness, lowliness; meanness, baseness, vileness
‫ ﺗــﺪن‬tadannin sinking, decline; low level, nadir (fig.) |‫اﻟﺘــﺪﱐ اﻷﺧﻼﻗــﻲ‬
(aklāqī) the low level of morality, the moral decline
‫ دان‬dānin low; near, close
‫ ﻣﺘﺪان‬mutadānin close together
‫ دﻫـﺮ‬dahr pl. ‫ دﻫـﻮر‬duhūr, ‫ ادﻫـﺮ‬adhur time; long time, age, epoch; lifetime;
eternity; fate, destiny |‫اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ‬ ‫ ﺑﻨـﺎت‬banāt ad-d. blows of fate, trials, afflictions,
misfortune; ‫ﺗﺼـﺎرﻳﻒ اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ‬ and ‫ﺻـﺮوف اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ‬ vicissitudes of fate. changes of
fortune; adversities, adverse circumstances; ‫ دﻫـﺮ اﻟـﺪاﻫﺮﻳﻦ‬dahra d-dāhirīn for
all eternity, foever and ever; ‫ اﱃ أﺧﺮ اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‬ilā ākir d-d. do.; ‫ اﻟﺪﻫﺮ ﻛﻠﻪ‬... ‫( ﻻ‬ad-
dahra kullahū) never in all one’s life
‫ دﻫﺮي‬dahrī an adherent of the dahrīya, a materialistic, atheistic doctrine in
Islam; atheist, freethinker
‫ دﻫﺮي‬duhrī very old, far advanced in years
‫ دﻫﺲ‬dahasa a (= ‫ )داس‬to trample underfoot, trample down, crush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.),
tread (‫ ﻫـ‬on s.th.); to run over (‫ ه‬s.o.)
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‫ دﻫـﺶ‬dahiša a and pass. duhiša to be astonished, amazed, surprised (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or

‫ ل‬at); to wonder, marvel (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬at); to be baffled, startled, puzzled, perplexed,
taken aback (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ل‬by) II and IV to astonish, amaze, surprise, baffle,
puzzle, perplex, startle (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII = dahiša ‫دﻫــﺶ‬ dahaš perplexity,
surprise, consternation, alarm, dismay
‫ دﻫـﺶ‬dahiš astonished, amazed, surprised; baffled, puzzled, nonplused,
perplexed, startled, disconcerted, alarmed, upset; dazed, stunned
‫ دﻫﺸــﺔ‬dahša astonishment, amazement, surprise, wonder; perplexity,
consternation, bafflement, bewilderment, dismay, alarm
‫ اﻧ ـﺪﻫﺎش‬indihāš astonishment, amazement; perplexity, consternation,
bafflement, bewilderment
‫ ﻣــﺪﻫﺶ‬mudhiš astonishing, amazing, surprising, marvelous; pl. -āt
amazing things, marvels, wonders
‫ ﻣــﺪﻫﻮش‬madhūš and ‫ ﻣﻨــﺪﻫﺶ‬mundahiš astonished, amazed, surprised;
perplexed, baffled, puzzled, nonplused, startled; overwhelmed
1‫ دﻫﻖ‬dahaq stocks (to hold the feet of an offender by way of punishment)
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‫ دﻫﺎق‬diḥāq full (cup), brimful
2 ‫دﻫﻘـﺎن‬dihqān, pl. ‫ دﻫﺎﻗﻨـﺔ‬dahāqina, ‫ دﻫـﺎﻗﲔ‬dahāqīn2 man of importance,
one who plays an important role, leading personality; grandee (in ancient
Persia) | ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ دﻫﺎﻗﲔ‬d. as-siyāsa the political leaders
‫ دﻫﻚ‬dahaka a (dahk) to crush; to mash (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ دﻫﻠﺰ‬II tadahlaza to stroll about, walk about (in a hall)
‫ دﻫﻠﻴﺰ‬dihlīz pl. ‫ دﻫﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬dahālīz 2 anteroom, vestibule, lobby, foyer; corridor,
hall-way |‫اﻟﺪﻫﻠﻴﺰ‬ ‫ اﺑﻦ‬ibn ad-d. pl. ‫ اﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺪﻫﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬foundling
‫ دﻫﻠﻲ‬dihlī Delhi
‫ دﻫـﻢ‬dahama a (dahm) and dahima a (daham) to come or descend (‫ ه‬upon
s.o.) suddenly; to surprise, take unawares, take by surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.), come
unexpectedly (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to enter suddenly, raid, invade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to
blacken (‫ ه‬s.th.) III to befall, seize, grip, attack (‫ ه‬s.o.), come over s.o. (‫;ه‬
e.g., sickness, despair); to surprise, take unawares, catch red-handed (‫ه‬
502
s.o.); to attack suddenly (‫ ه‬s.o.), fall upon s.o. (‫)ه‬, invade, raid (‫ ه‬e.g., a
house); to overtake (‫ ه‬s.o.; fate), catch up with (‫ )ه‬IX to be black
‫ دﳘﺔ‬duhma blackness
‫ ادﻫﻢ‬adham2, f. ‫ دﳘﺎء‬dahmā’ 2, pl. ‫ دﻫﻢ‬duhm black, deep-black |‫داﻫﻴـﺔ دﳘـﺎء‬
(dahiya) disaster, catastrophe
‫ اﻟـﺪﳘﺎء‬ad-dahmā’ 2 the masses, the common people, the populace, also
‫دﳘﺎء اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫ ﻣﺪاﳘﺔ‬mudāhama police raid; house search
‫ ﻣﺪﻫﻢ‬mudhamm very dark, pitch-dark
‫ دﻫﻦ‬dahana u (dahn) to oil (‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to anoint (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th.,
s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to grease, smear (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ ب‬s.th., s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to rub, embrocate
(‫ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to paint, daub (‫ ه‬s.th.); to varnish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II do.
III to treat with gentleness (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cajole, flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.), fawn (‫ ه‬on
s.o.); to cheat, dupe, gull, take in, outsmart (‫ ه‬s.o.) V pass. of I
Confidential
‫ دﻫﻦ‬dahn oiling, greasing; painting, daubing
‫ دﻫــﻦ‬duhn pl. ‫ ادﻫــﺎن‬adhān, ‫ دﻫــﻮن‬duhūn, -āt, ‫ دﻫــﺎن‬dihān oil (edible,
lubricating, for the skin); fat, grease
‫ دﻫﻦ‬duhnī oily, oil, oleic, oleo- (in compounds); fatty, greasy
‫ دﻫﻨﻴﺎت‬duhnīyāt fats, oils; fatty substances
‫ دﻫﻨﺎء‬dahnā’ desert
‫ دﻫﺎن‬dahhān house painter, painter
‫ دﻫﻴﻨﺔ‬dahīna pomade
‫ دﻫــﺎن‬dihān pl. -āt, ‫ ادﻫﻨــﺔ‬adhina cosmetic cream, cold cream, salve,
ointment, unguent; consecrated oil, anointing oil; paint, varnish; hypocrisy,
dissimulation, deceit; -- (without pl.) painting, daubing; whitewashing | ‫ورﺷﺔ‬
‫( ﻟﻠﺪﻫﺎن‬warša) paintshop
‫ ﻣﺪاﻫﻨــﺔ‬mudāhana flattery, adulation, sycophancy, fawning; hypocrisy,
dissimulation; deceit, trickery
‫ ﻣﺪاﻫﻦ‬mudāhin flatterer, adulator, sycophant; hypocrite
‫ ﻣﺪﻫﻦ‬mudhin oily; fatty, greasy
503
‫ دﻫـﻮر‬dahwara to hurl down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tear down, topple, overthrow (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.) II tadahwara pass. of I; to fall, tumble; to slump, sink; to be dragged
down, sink to the lowest level
‫ ﺗﺪﻫﻮر‬tadahwur fall, downfall; decline, slump
‫ دﻫـﻲ‬dahiya a (‫ دﻫـﺎء‬dahā’) to be clever, smart, cunning, artful, wily; --
dahā a to befall, overtake, hit, strike (‫ ه‬s.o.), come over s.o. (‫ ;ه‬misfortune)
II = dahā VI to pretend to be smart or cunning
‫ دﻫﺎء‬dahā’ smartness, slyness, shrewdness, subtlety, cunning, craft
‫ ادﻫـﻰ‬adhā smarter, shrewder; craftier, wilier; more skillful, subtler, more
resourceful; worse, more calamitous
‫ داﻩ‬dāhin pl. ‫ دﻫـﺎة‬duhāh smart, sly, shrewd, subtle, cunning, wily, artful;
resourceful person
‫ داﻫﻴﺔ‬dāhiya smart fellow, old fox, sly dog
‫ داﻫﻴـﺔ‬dāhiya pl. ‫ دواﻩ‬dawāhin calamity, disaster, catastrophe |‫داﻫﻴـﺔ دﻫﻴـﺎء‬
(dahyā’) and ‫( داﻫﻴـﺔ دﳘـﺎء‬dahmā’) disaster, catastrophe; ‫( ﻓﻠﻴـﺬﻫﺐ ﰲ داﻫﻴـﺔ‬fal-
yadhab) let him go to hell!
Confidential
‫)داء )دوء‬ dā’ pl. ‫ادواء‬ adwā’ disease, malady |‫اﻟﺜﻌﻠــﺐ‬
alopecia, loss of the hair; O ‫اﻟـﺮﻗﺺ‬
d. al-fīl elephantiasis; ‫اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ دواء‬see ‫دوى‬
‫داء‬ d. at-ta‘lab
‫ داء‬d. ar-raqṣ St. Vitus’s dance; O ‫داء اﻟﻔﻴـﻞ‬
‫ داء‬d. al-minṭaqa shingles, herpes zoster (med.)
‫ دوب‬II to wear out, wear off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ دوﺑﺮة‬dūbara packthread, string, twine, cord, rope; thread
‫ دوﺑﻴﺖ‬dūbait a rhymed poem consisting of four hemistichs
‫ دوح‬VII to spread
‫ دوح‬dauḥ branching trees, branches
‫ دوﺣﺔ‬dauḥa tall tree with many branches; family tree, genealogical table
‫ داﺣﺔ‬dāḥa top (child’s toy)
‫ )داخ )دوخ‬dāka u (dauk) to conquer, subjugate (‫ اﱃ‬a. country); to resign
o.s., humble o.s.; to be or become dizzy, have a feeling of dizziness; to feel
ill, be sick, feel nausea II to conquer, subjugate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a people); to make
submissive, subdue, humble, humiliate, degrade (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
504
dizzy; to molest, bother, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.); to daze, stun (‫ ه‬s.o.) |‫رأﺳـﻪ‬ ‫دوخ‬
(ra’sahū) to make s.o.’s head go round, make s.o. dizzy
‫ دوﺧﺔ‬dauka vertigo, dizziness; coma; nausea
‫ داﺋﺦ‬dā’ik dizzy
‫ ﺗﺪوﻳﺦ‬tadwīk subjugation, conquest
1 ‫ دود‬II to be or become worm-eaten
‫ دود‬dūd (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ دﻳـﺪان‬dīdān worm; maggot; larva; caterpillar |
‫ دودة اﳊﺮﻳﺮ‬and ‫ دود اﻟﻘﺰ‬d. al-qazz silkworm; ‫ دود اﻟﻘﺮع‬d. al-qar‘, ‫( دود ﻗﺮﻋﻲ‬qar‘ī)
ascarids; ‫ دود اﻟﻘﺮﻣــﺰ‬d. al-qirmiz cochineal; ‫دود اﳌــﺶ‬ d. al-mišš cheese
maggots; ‫اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة‬ ‫ اﻟﺪودة‬tapeworm

‫ دودي‬dūdī wormlike, worm-shaped, vermiform.
‫ ﻣﺪود‬madūd, mudawwid wormy, worm-eaten
2 ‫ ﻣﺪود‬midwad = ‫ﻣﺬود‬
‫ )دار )دور‬dāra u (daur, ‫ دوران‬dawarān)to turn, revolve, rotate, move in a
Confidential
circle (‫ ﺣـﻮل‬,‫ ب‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬around s.th. or s.o.), circle (‫ ﺣـﻮل‬,‫ ب‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. or s.o.);
to begin to turn or rotate; to circulate; to go round, spread, be current, make
the rounds (of rumors, etc.); to run, be in operation (of a machine or engine);
to start running, start up (engine); to walk or go about, run around; to roam,
rove, move about, wander about, gad about; to make the rounds (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬among
people), turn successively (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to several people); to turn, turn one’s face,
wheel around; to veer, shift, change its direction; to change, take a different
turn, become different; to turn (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.); to have to do, deal (‫ ﺣـﻮل‬or
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with), treat (‫ ﺣﻮل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), refer (‫ ﺣـﻮل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), bear (‫ ﺣـﻮل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on),
concern (‫ ﺣـﻮل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to take place, be going on, be in progress, be
under way; to be discussed, be talked about (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬among); to circulate, pass
around (‫ ب‬s.th.); to lead, guide or &how around (‫ ب‬s.o.); to let roam, let
wander (‫ﺑﻌﻴﻨـﻪ‬ ,‫ ﺑﻨﻈـﺮﻩ‬bi-naẓarihī, bi-‘ainaihi one’s eyes, one’s glance, ‫ ﰲ‬over)
|‫ در‬dur! about face! (command; mil.); ‫دار رأﺳـﻪ‬ (ra’suhū) to be or become
dizzy, giddy; ‫( دار ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺮص‬furaṣ) to trim sail, adapt o.s. to the situation; ‫دارت‬
‫( رﺣـﻰ اﳊـﺮب‬raḥā l-ḥarb) war broke out; ‫ اﳌﻌـﺎرك اﻟـﱵ دارت رﺣﺎﳍـﺎ اﻣـﺲ‬the battles
505
that raged yesterday; ‫( دار ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬bi-nafsihī) it passed through his mind; ‫دار‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻟﺴﻦ‬alsun) to be much-discussed, be on everyone’s lips; ‫دار ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻓﻮاﻩ‬
‫( واﺳـﻼت اﻷﻗـﻼم‬afwāh, asalāt al-aqlāmi to be current in both the spoken and
written language, be in general use, be generally accepted (e.g., words); ‫دار‬
‫( ﺑـﻼدا واﻛـﻞ اﻋﻴـﺎدا‬bilādan, a‘yādan) he had bean around in the world and had
seen a lot; (colloq.) ‫( دار ﻟـﻪ‬bālahū) to pay attention (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ اﱃ‬to), be careful
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬,‫ اﱃ‬with); ‫ دارت ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬calamity overtook them II to turn in a circle,
spin, whirl, rotate, revolve (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ ب‬s.th.); to turn, turn around (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); to
invert, reverse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); to make round, to round (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to circulate,
pass around (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set going, set in motion, start (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
watch, a clock); to look, search (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.th.) |‫رأﺳـﻪ‬ ‫دور‬ (ra’sahū) to turn
s.o.’s head, persuade s.o., bring s.o. round III to go or walk around (‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to try to bring (‫ ه‬s.o.) round; to ensnare, inveigle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to try to
Confidential
ensnare (‫ ه‬s.o.); to try to deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cheat, trick (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o.
out of s.th.); to get away, escape, dodge, duck out IV to turn, revolve, rotate,
spin, whirl (‫ب‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn around, turn (‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ رأﺳـﻪ اﱃ‬one’s head
toward); to direct (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to, toward), aim (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. at); to
circulate, pass around (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set in operation, set going, set in motion
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a machine, an apparatus); to start, start up (‫ اﶈـﺮك‬al-muḥarrik the motor);

to play, play back (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., ‫ ﺷـﺮاﺋﻂ ﻃﻘـﺔ‬tapes); to act upon s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, drive (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to get under way (‫ ﻫـ‬a job, a project); to take up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to initiate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to divert, turn away (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻦ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to direct, conduct, steer,
manage, head, run (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be in charge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to revolve in one’s mind,
think over, ponder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that) |‫( ادار ﺑﻮﺟﻬـﻪ اﱃ‬bi-wajhihī) to turn around
to s.o., look back at s.o.; ‫( ادار رأﺳـﻪ‬ra’sahū) to turn s.o.’s head, persuade s.o.,
bring s.o. round; ‫ادار اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ اﳌﻮﺿـﻮع‬ to bring conversation around to a

topic, broach or discuss a subject V to be or become round; to be circular X
do.; to circle, rotate, revolve, spin, turn; to turn (‫ اﱃ‬to), face (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to turn
506
around; to turn one’s head, look back; to circle (‫ ﺣﻮل‬s.th.), walk around s.th.
(~‫)ﺣﻮل‬
‫ دار‬dār f., pl. ‫ دور‬dūr, ‫ د ر‬diyār, ‫ د رات‬diyārāt, ‫ دﻳـﺮة‬diyara house; building,
structure, edifice; habitation, dwelling, abode; residence, home; seat, side,
locality; area, region; land, country (esp. pl. ‫ر‬ ‫ د‬see below |‫ دار اﻵ ر‬museum
(of antiquities); ‫ دار اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬post office; ‫ دار اﻟﺒﻘـﺎء‬d. al-baqā’ the eternal abode,
the hereafter; ‫( اﻟﺪار اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬bāqiya) do.; ‫ اﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻟﻠﺪار اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬to pass away, die; ‫ال دار‬
‫( اﻟﺒﻴﻀـﺎء‬baiḍā’) Casablanca (seaport in W Morocco); the White House (in
Washington); ‫ دار اﻟﺘﺠـﺎرة‬commercial house, business house; ‫ دار اﳊـﺮب‬d. al-
ḥarb war zone, enemy territory (Isl. Law: non-Muslim countries); ‫دار اﻟﺮ ﺳـﺔ‬
seat of the chief executive of a country; ‫ دار اﻟﺴــﻌﺎدة‬d. as-sa‘āda
Constantinople;‫ دار اﻟﺴـﻠﻄﻨﺔ‬d. as-salṭana Constantinople (designation before

World War I); ‫ دار اﻟﺴـﻼم‬d. as-salām paradise, heaven; epithet of Baghdad;
Dar es Salaam (seaport and capital of Tanganyika Territory); ‫دور اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
Confidential
cinemas, movie houses; ‫ دار اﻟﺴـﻠﻄﺔ‬d. aš-šurṭa police station; ‫ دار اﻟﺼـﻨﻌﺔ‬or ‫دار‬
‫ اﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬arsenal; ‫( دار ﺻـﻴﲏ‬ṣīnī) cinnamon; ‫ دار اﻟﻀـﺮب‬d. aḍ-ḍarb and ‫دار اﻟﺴـﻜﺔ‬
d. as-sikka mint (building); ‫‘( اﻟـﺪ ر اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻴـﺔ‬irāqīya) Iraq; ‫ دار اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم‬name of a
college in Cairo; ‫ دار اﻟﻔﻨـﺎء‬d. al-fanā’ (as opposed to ‫ دار اﻟﺒﻘـﺎء‬see above) the
temporal world, this world; ‫ دار اﻟﻘﻀـﺎء‬d. al-qaḍā’ court of justice, tribunal;
‫ دار اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ‬d. al-kutub public library; ‫ دور اﻟﻠﻬـﻮ‬d. al-lahw amusement centers;
night clubs; ‫ دار اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴــﻞ‬theater, playhouse; ‫ دار اﳌﻠــﻚ‬d. al-mulk (royal)
residence; ‫( اﻟﺪ ر اﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬miṣrīya) Egypt; ‫ دار اﳍﺠﺮة‬d. al-hijra Medina; ‫دار اﻷﻳﺘـﺎم‬
d. al-aitām orphanage, orphans’ home
‫ دارة‬dāra pl. -āt halo (of the moon); circle; O (el.) circuit; O villa
‫ دارى‬dārī domestic, native
‫ دورى‬dūrī domestic (animal); ‫‘( ﻋﺼﻔﻮر دوري‬uṣfūr) and ‫ دوري‬house sparrow
‫ دور‬daur pl. ‫ ادوار‬adwār round (of a patrol; in sports); role, part (played by
s.o. or s.th.); film role, stage role; periodic change, rotation, alternation; crop
rotation; period; (one’s) turn; phase, stage, step, degree, station; epoch, age.
era; fit, attack, paroxysm (of a disease); floor, story; musical composition;
507
number, single performance (within a program) |‫وﺗﺴﻠﺴـﻞ‬ ‫دور‬ (wa-tasalsul)

vicious circle, circulus vitiosus; ‫ﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫( دور‬nihā’ī) final round, finals (athlet.);
‫ دور اﻻﻧﻌﻘـﺎد‬d. al-in‘iqād session, term (parl.); ‫( اﻟـﺪور اﻷول‬awwal) or ‫دور اﻟﺒﻄﻮﻟـﺔ‬
d. al-buṭūla leading role, starring role; ‫ ﻗـﺎم ﺑـﺪور‬or ‫( ﻟﻌـﺐ دورا‬la‘iba) to play a
part or role; ‫( دور ارﺿـﻲ‬arḍī) ground floor, first floor; ‫ ﻛـﺎن دورﻩ‬it was his turn;
‫ اﻟﺪور ﻟﻪ‬it is his turn; (‫ ا ( ﺑﺪوري‬I for one; (I) for my part, (‫ ﻫﻮ( ﺑﺪورﻩ‬he in turn,
(he) for his part; ‫ ﻟﺪور‬alternately, by turns
‫ دورة‬daura pl. -āt turn, revolution, gyration, rotation; circulation; cycle;
circuit; round, patrol; procession (Chr.); round trip; tour (in general, of an
artist or performer); detour; period (O also el.); session (of parliament);
course (of instruction) (ir., syr.) |‫اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳـﺔ‬
‫( اﻟـﺪورة‬damawīya) blood circulation;
‫( اﻟــﺪورة اﳉﻮﻳــﺔ‬jawwīya) air circulation; ‫ دورة اﺟﺘﻴــﺎز )ﲡــﺎوز( اﻟﺮﺗﺒــﺔ‬d. ijtiyāz
(tajāwuz) ar-rutba officers’ training course (mil., Syr.); ‫( دورة زراﻋﻴـﺔ‬zirā‘īya)
crop rotation; ‫( دورة ﺗﺸـﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ‬tašrī‘īya) legislative period; ‫ دورة اﻟﻔﻠـﻚ‬d. al-falak
Confidential
revolution of celestial bodies;
(mil.); ‫( دورة ﻣﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬mālīya)
‫دورة اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻓﻴــﺔ‬ (iltifāfīya) flanking maneuver
financial period, fiscal year;
lavatory (with running water), toilet, water closet
‫ دورة اﳌﻴـﺎﻩ‬d. al-miyāh
‫ دوري‬daurī patrolling, patrol- (in compounds); periodic, occurring at

regular stated times, recurring, intermittent; circulatory, cyclic, etc., see ‫دور‬
and ‫ دورة‬series (athlet.) ‫اﻟﺪوري‬ ‫( اﳉﻬﺎز‬jahāz) the circulatory system
‫ دورﻳـﺔ‬daurīya pl. -āt patrol, round; patrol, reconnaissance squad | ‫دور ت‬
‫ اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف‬reconnaissance squads, patrols
‫ داورﻳﺔ‬dāwirīya = ‫ دورﻳﺔ‬daurīya
‫ دﻳـﺮ‬dair pl. ‫ اد ر‬adyār, ‫ ادﻳـﺮة‬adyira, ‫دﻳـﻮرة‬ duyūra monastery, convent,
cloister
‫ دﻳﺮي‬dairī monastic, ministerial, cloistral
‫ دﻳﺮة‬dīra region, area, land, homeland (bedouin)
‫ دوار‬duwār, dawār vertigo, dizziness, giddiness; seasickness
‫ دوار‬dawwār rapidly or constantly turning, whirling, spinning, rotating,
circling, circulating; revolving, rotary, rotatory; whirlpool, eddy, vortex;
508
itinerant, ambulant, roving; (eg.) farm building, farm |‫دوار‬ ‫ب‬ revolving
door; ‫دوار‬ ‫ﺋـﻊ‬ peddler, hawker; ‫دوار‬ ‫( ﺟﻬـﺎز ﺣﻔـﺮ‬jahāz ḥafr) rotary drilling rig;
‫ دار اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬d. aš-šams sunflower
‫ د ر‬dayyār monastic, friar, monk
‫ دﻳﺮاﱏ‬dairānī monastic, friar, monk
‫ دوارة‬dawwāra whirlpool, eddy, vortex; compass, pair of dividers (syr.) |O
‫ دوارة اﳍﻮاء‬d. al-hawā’ weather vane
‫ د ري‬diyārī domestic; native
‫ دوران‬dawarān turn(ing), rotation, revolution, gyration; circulation,
circling, circuiting; round trip, tour
‫ ادور‬adwar2 (elative): ‫( ادور ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻷﻟﺴـﻦ‬alsun) more talked about, more
frequently expressed or discussed
‫ ﻣﺪار‬madār pl. -āt orbit; circling, circuiting, circuit, revolution; axis; pivot;
(fig.) that upon which s.th. turns or depends, the central, cardinal, or crucial
factor, the pivot; center; subject, topic, theme (of a conversation, of
negotiations); scope, range, extent, sphere; tropic (geogr.); O steering wheel
Confidential
|‫اﻟﺴـﺮﻃﺎن‬
‫ ﻣـﺪار‬m. as-saraṭān Tropic of Cancer, ‫ ﻣـﺪار اﳉـﺪي‬m. al-jady Tropic of
Capricorn; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﺪارﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬it (i.e., the dispute, or the like) was about ..., it
hinged on ...; ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪار‬m. is-sana) throughout the year, all year round
‫ ﺗـﺪوﻳﺮ‬tadwīr recitation of the Koran at medium speed (between tartīl and
ḥadr; a technical term of tajwīd)
‫ ﻣـﺪاورة‬mudāwara pl. -āt cheating, humbug, trickery; outwitting; attempted
evasion or circumvention, shift, dodge; persuasion, inveigling, ensnaring
‫ ادارة‬idāra turning; turning around or over, reverting, reversion, inversion;
starting, setting in operation; operation; drive (techn.); direction,
management; administration; administrative agency, department, office,
bureau |‫اﻷﻣــﻦ‬ ‫ادارة‬ i. al-amn the police; ‫ادارة ﻋﺮﻓﻴــﺔ‬ (‘urfīya) military
administration; ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ ﺳﻮء‬sū’ al-i. mismanagement, maladministmtion; ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‬
‫اﻹدارة‬ Majlis al-i. board of directors, administrative board, committee of
management; ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ ﻣﺮﻧﺰ‬markaz al-i. administration center, headquarters
‫ اداري‬idārī administrative, departmental; administrative officer; manager
(athlet.); ‫ادار‬ idāriyan through administrative channels, administratively,
officially
509
‫ اﺳﺘﺪارة‬istidāra roundness, rotundity, circularity

‫ داﺋــﺮ‬dā’ir turning, revolving, spinning; circulating; current (e.g.,
expression), common; ambulant, itinerant; in progress, under way j
working, in operation; running (machine, engine); round
‫ داﺋـﺮة‬dā’ira pl. ‫ دواﺋـﺮ‬dawā’ir2 circle (also math.); ring; circumference,
perimeter, periphery; sphere, scope, range, compass, extent, circuit; field,
domain (fig.); official agency, department (esp. Ir., Syr., Leb.); office,
bureau; department of a court of justice (Eg., Tun.); farm, country estate
(eg.); misfortune, calamity, affliction |‫داﺋـﺮة‬ ‫ ﰲ‬... within the framework of ...;
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻧﺼـﻒ داﺋـﺮة‬alā šakli niṣfi d. semicircular; ‫ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻟـﺪاﺋﺮة‬nuqṭat ad-d.
essential factor, pivot, crucial point, crux; O ‫( داﺋــﺮة ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋﻴــﺔ‬kahrabā’īya)
electric circuit; O ‫ داﺋﺮة ﻗﺼﲑة‬short circuit (el.); ‫ داﺋﺮة اﳌﻌﺎرف‬encyclopedia; ‫دواﺋﺮ‬
‫اﳊﻜﻮﻣــﺔ‬ government circles, ‫ اﻟﻌﺴ ــﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬،‫)اﻟ ــﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﺮﲰﻴ ــﺔ )اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳ ــﻴﺔ‬ (rasmīya,
siyāsīya, ‘askarīya) official (political, military) circles or quarters (journ.);
‫ داﺋـﺮة اﻻﺧﺘﺼـﺎص‬jurisdiction (of an official agency, esp., of a court of justice);
‫( اﻟـﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﺴـﻨﻴﺔ‬sanīya) civil list; ‫( داﺋـﺮة اﺳـﺘﺌﻨﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬isti’nāfīya) appellate court (Eg.;
Confidential
jur.); ‫داﺋــﺮة اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴــﺔ‬
adversities
(intikābīya) electoral district;
‫ داﺋﺮي‬dā’irī circular, ring-shaped, annular

‫ ﻣﺪور‬mudawwar round, circular
‫دارت ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ اﻟــﺪواﺋﺮ‬ to suffer
‫ ﻣــﺪﻳﺮ‬mudīr head, chief, director; administrator; manager; intendant,

superintendent; rector (of a university); mudir, chief officer of a mudiria,
approx. = governor (Eg.); (pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪراء‬mudarā’2) administrative officer at the
head of a county (Syr., Leb., Ir., Saudi Ar.) | ‫ﻣــﺪﻳﺮ اﳉــﻮق‬ m. al-jauq
bandleader, conductor of an orchestra
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮة‬mudīra directress; administratress
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳــﺔ‬mudīrīya direction; administration; management; -- (pl. -āt)
mudiria, province (Eg.); approx.: main department of a ministry (Ir.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮ‬mstadīr round; circular |‫( ﻣﺆﲤﺮ اﳌﺎﺋـﺪة اﳌﺴـﺘﺪﻳﺮة‬mu’tamar al-mā’idat al-
m.) roundtable conference
‫ دورق‬dauraq pl. ‫ دوارق‬dawāriq2 (eg.) bulging vessel with a long, slender
neck, carafe
‫ دوزن‬dauzana to tune (a musical instrument); O to tune in (radio)
510
‫ دوزان‬dūzān and ‫ دوزﻧـﺔ‬dauzana tuning (of a musical instrument); ‫ دوزﻧـﺔ‬O

tuning (radio)
‫( دوزﻳﻨﺔ‬It. dozzina) dōzīna dozen
‫)داس )دوس‬ dāsa u (daus, ‫دس‬ diyās) to tread, step (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to tread (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to tread down, trample down, trample underfoot, crush (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
thresh (grain); to treat with disdain, humiliate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to run over (‫ ه‬s.o.;
automobile) VII pass. of I
‫ دوس‬daus treading, trampling, tread, step
‫ دﻳﺴﺔ‬dīsa dense forest, jungle, thicket
‫ دواﺳﺔ‬dawwāsa pedal
‫ ﻣﺪاس‬madās shoe, sandal
‫ ﻣﺪوس‬madūs, ‫ ﻣﺪاس‬mudās trodden, trampled down; crushed; run over
‫ دوﺳﻨﻄﺎر‬dusinṭāriyā, ‫دوﺳﻨﺘﺎر‬dysentery
‫( دوﺳﻴﺔ‬Fr. dossier) dosyē, ‫ دوﺳﻴﻪ‬dōsē pl. -āt dossier, file
1‫( دوش‬eg.) dawaš to irritate (‫ ه‬s.o.) or drive s.o. crazy by noise
Confidential
‫ دوﺷﺔ‬dauša (eg.) din, noise, clamor, uproar, hubbub, hullabaloo
2 ‫(دوش‬Fr. douche) dūš pl. -āt shower, douche
‫( دوﻃﺔ‬It. dote) dōṭa dowry
‫ دوغ‬II to imprint a mark, to brand
‫ داغ‬dāg pl. -āt brand (on cattle)
‫ )داف )دوف‬dāfa u (dauf) to mix, mingle (‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to add, admix
(‫ ﰲ ﻫـ‬s.th. to)
‫ دوق‬dūq duke
‫ دوﻗﺔ‬dūqa duchess
‫ دوﻗﻲ‬dūqī ducal
‫ دوﻗﻴﺔ‬dūqīya dukedom, duchy
‫ دوك‬II to chatter, prattle
‫ دوك‬dauka din, row, hubbub, turnult, confusion
1‫)دول‬ ‫ )دال‬dāla u" (‫ دوﻟــﺔ‬daula) to change periodically, take turns,
alternate, rotate; to change, turn (time, fortune) |‫اﻻﺳـﺘﺒﺪاد‬ ‫ داﻟـﺖ دوﻟـﺔ‬the time
511
of absolutism is over, belongs to the past; ‫اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ داﻟﺖ ﻟـﻪ‬fortune has turned in
his favor (‫ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬against him) III to alternate, rotate (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cause
to succeed by turns or to follow one another (‫ اﻷ م‬al-ayyāma the days;
God); to alternate (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between); to confer, talk (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ﰲ‬ about),
discuss (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬with s.o. s.th.) IV to give ascendancy, afford superiority, give
the upper hand (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬to s.o. over); to make victorious, let triumph (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬
s.o. over), grant victory (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬to s.o. over); to replace (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.
with), exchange, substitute (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬for s.th. s.th.) | ‫ادﻳـﻞ ﻟﺒـﲏ اﻟﻌﺒـﺎس ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﲏ‬
‫اﻣﻴـﺔ‬ udīla li-banī 1-‘abbās min banī umayyata the rule passed from the
Ommaiads to the Abbasides VI to alternate, take turns (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with or in s.th.,
e.g., in some work); to hand each other s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, pass s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬alternately
between themselves; to handle alternately (‫ ﻫـ‬different things), take now this,
now that; to exchange (‫ اﻟﺮأى‬ar-ra’y views); to make frequent use (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.);
Confidential
to confer, have a discussion, take counsel, deliberate; to parley, negotiate; to
circulate, be in circulation, be current, have currency |‫اﻷﻳــﺪي‬ ‫ﺗﺪاوﻟﺘــﻪ‬
tadāwalathu l-aidī it passed from hand to hand, it made the rounds, it
circulated; ‫( ﺗﺪاوﻟﺘـﻪ اﻷﻟﺴـﻦ‬alsun) it passed from mouth to mouth, it was the
talk of the town, it was on everybody’s lips
‫ دوﻟﺔ‬daula pl. ‫ دول‬duwal alternation, rotation, change; change of time, turn
of fortune; dynasty; state, country; power, empire |‫اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ‬title of the
Prime Minister; ‫ دوﻟـﺔ رﺋـﻴﺲ اﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ‬daulat r. al-ḥ. His Excellency, the Prime
Minister; ‫ ﻓﺨﺎﻣـﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬fakāmat ad-d. title of the President of the Republic
(Syr., Leb.); ‫‘( اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺔ‬alīya) name of the ancient Ottoman Empire; ‫اﻟـﺪول‬
‫( )اﻟﻜــﱪى )اﻟﻌﻈﻤــﻰ‬kubrā, ‘uẓmā) the big powers; ‫( دوﻟــﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺪﺑــﺔ‬muntadaba)
mandatory power
‫( دوﻟـﺔ‬dam., pronounced dōle = ‫ رﻛـﻮة‬rakwa) metal vessel with long curved
handle used for making coffee
‫ دوﱄ‬daulī state (adj.); duwalī international
‫ دوﻟﻴﺔ‬duwalīya internationality; internationalism; the International
‫ دوﻳﻼت‬duwailāt petty states, small countries
512
‫ دواﻟﻴـﻚ‬dawālaika alternately, by turns; successively, one by one, one after

the other |‫دواﻟﻴﻚ‬ ‫( وﻫﻜﺬا‬wa-hākadā) and so forth, and so on
‫ ﺗﺪوﻳﻞ‬tadwīl internationalization
‫ ﻣﺪاوﻟـﺔ‬mudāwala pl. -āt parley, negotiation; deliberation, consultation;
discussion; mudāwalatan alternately, one after the other, one at a time
‫ ﺗـﺪاول‬tadāwul alternation, rotation; circulation, currency; circulation of
money |‫ ﻟﺘﺪاول‬alternately, by turns, one by one
‫ ﻣﺘـﺪاول‬mutadāwal current, circulating, in circulation; valid; common, in
common use, prevailing |‫اﳌﺘﺪاول‬ ‫( اﻟﻜﻼم‬kalām) the colloquial language
2‫ دوال‬dawālin see ‫دول‬
‫ دوﻻب‬dūlāb pl. ‫ دواﻟﻴــﺐ‬dawālīb2 wheel; tire; gearing, gears, wheels,

mechanism, machine, machinery; closet, looker, cabinet, cupboard | ‫دوﻻب‬
‫ اﳌﻼﺑﺲ‬wardrobe
‫ دوﻻر‬dūlār pl. -āt dollar
Confidential
2‫)دوم‬ ‫ )دام‬dāma u (daum, ‫ دوام‬dawām) to last, continue, go on; to
persevere, persist | ‫دام‬
‫ ﻣـﺎ‬mā dāma as long as; (the more so) since, inasmuch
as, as, because; while he is ..., when he is ... ; ‫( ﻣـﺎ دام ﺣﻴـﺎ‬ḥayyan) as long as
he is alive; ‫( ﻣـﺎ دﻣـﺖ ﻣﻌـﻚ‬dumtu) so long as (or while) I am with you II to
move in a circle, turn, spin, revolve, rotate, gyrate, circle; to turn, revolve,
spin, twirl (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to persevere, persist (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in), apply o.s. diligently and
steadily (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), pursue with diligence and perseverance (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to
continue IV to cause to last or continue, perpetuate, make lasting, make
permanent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) last or continue; to continue, go on
(‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.)
‫ دوم‬daum continuance, permanence, duration; ‫ دوﻣـﺎ‬dauman constantly, at
all times, ever, always; -- doom palm (bot.)
‫ دﳝﺔ‬dīma pl. ‫ دﱘ‬diyam, ‫ دﻳﻮم‬duyūm continuous rain
‫ دوام‬dawām duration, continuance, permanence, perpetuity; uninterrupted
succession; endurance, perseverance; abiding, stay (of s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬at a place);
‫دواﻣـﺎ‬ dawāman and ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﺪوام‬ permanently, perpetually, at all times, ever,
513
always | ‫ ﺳـﺎﻋﺎت اﻟـﺪوام‬,‫ اوﻗـﺎت اﻟـﺪوام‬,‫وﻗـﺖ اﻟـﺪوام‬ working hours, office hours
(Ir., Syr.)
‫ دﳝﻮﻣﺔ‬daimūma = ‫دوام‬
‫ دواﻣﺔ‬duwwāma top (child’s toy); whirlpool, eddy, vortex
‫ ﻣﺪاوﻣــﺔ‬mudāwama perseverance, endurance, persistence; continuance,
duration; continuation
‫ داﺋــﻢ‬dā’im lasting, enduring; endless, eternal, perpetual, everlasting;
perennial; continued, continuous, continual, incessant, unceasing, constant;
permanent, standing, established; durable |‫واﻟﻨﻤـﻮ‬ ‫ داﺋـﻢ اﻟﺘﻘـﺪم‬d. at-taqaddum in
a state of constant progress and growth
‫ داﺋﻤﺎ‬dā’iman always |‫( داﺋﻤﺎ اﺑﺪا‬abadan) always and ever
‫ داﺋﻤﻲ‬dā’imī = ‫داﺋﻢ‬
‫ ﻣﺪام‬mudām wine
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﱘ‬mustadīm constant, continuous, continual, incessant, uninterrupted
2‫ دوﻣﺎن‬dūmān rudder, helm
‫ دوﻣﺎﳒﻲ‬dūmānjī steersman, helmsman
Confidential
1‫ دون‬II to record, write down, set down, put down in writing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
enter, list, register, book (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to collect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬poems) |‫ﺷـﺮﻃﺎ‬

stipulate a condition V to be recorded, be written down, be put down in
writing
‫( دون‬šarṭan) to
‫ دﻳـﻮان‬dīwān pl. ‫ دواوﻳـﻦ‬dawāwīn2 account books of the treasury (in the

older Islamic administration); divan, collection of poems written by one
author; governmental office, administrative office; chancellery, office,
bureau, secretariat; council or state, cabinet; council, consultative assembly,
board of advisers, executive committee; government; court or justice,
tribunal; hall; davenport, divan; (railway) compartment |‫اﻟـﺪواوﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﻟﻐـﺔ‬lugat ad-
d. official jargon, officialese; ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ دﻳﻮان‬inquisitional court; the Inquisition
‫ دﻳـﻮاﱐ‬dīwānī administrative, administrational, official; an Ottoman style
of cursive (used by the secretaries of the State Chancellery for treaties,
diplomas, firmans, etc.)
‫ ﺗـﺪوﻳﻦ‬tadwīn recording, writing down; entry, listing. booking; registering,
registration
‫ ﻣﺪوﻧـﺔ‬mudawwana pl. -āt record, note; entry: body of laws; pl. ‫ﻣـﺪو ت‬
writings, literature (on a given subject)
514
2‫ دون‬dūn low, lowly; bad, poor, inferior; meager, inadequate | ‫ﻟـﺪون‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠـﻪ‬
(‘āmalahū) he snubbed him
‫ دون‬dūna (prep.) below, beneath, under (in rank, value, etc.); this side of,
short of; before; without more than; with the exclusion of, leaving ... aside,
disregarding ...; and not by any means, but not | ‫دون ذﻟــﻚ‬ (with foll.
nominative) on the way to that, there is ... , before accomplishing that one
must …, ‫اﻟﻘﺘـﺎد‬ ‫( دون ذﻟـﻚ ﺧـﺮط‬karṭ al-qatad) before one can do that, one must
strip the tragacanth of its leaves, i.e., accomplish the impossible; ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬,‫ﺑـﺪون‬
‫( دون‬dūni) without; with the exclusion of, excluding; ‫ ﺑـﺪون ان‬and ‫ﻣـﻦ دون ان‬
without (+ foll. gerund in Engl.); ‫ دوﻧـﻚ‬dūnaka (with foll. acc.) here you are!
take ...! watch out (‫ ﻫـ‬for)! beware (‫ ﻫـ‬of)! ‫ ﻫﻮ دون‬he is below him, he doesn’t
measure up to him; ‫( ﻛـﺎن دوﻧـﻪ أﳘﻴـﺔ‬ahammīyatan) to be of less importance

than ...; ‫اﰒ‬ ‫ اﰒ دوﻧﻪ ﻛﻞ‬itmun dūnahū kullu itmin a sin to end all sins; ‫اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫـﻢ‬
‫( دون اﻟﺴـﻦ اﻟﻌﺴـﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬sinn, ‘askarīya) those below the age for military service;
‫( دون ﻣـﺎ ﻧﻈـﺮ اﱃ‬naẓarin) regardless of, irrespective of; ‫ دون ﻣـﺎ ﻓﺎﺋـﺪة‬with no
Confidential
benefit at all; completely useless;‫( ﲣﺸـﻰ ان ﻳﺴـﻌﺪن دو ـﺎ‬takšā an yas‘adna)
she is afraid they will be happier than she is; ‫( ﺗﻠـﻚ اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ دون ﻏﲑﻫـﺎ‬kutub,
gairihā) those books and no others; ‫ان ﻣﺘﻌﺠــﺐ ﻣــﻦ ﻓﻀــﻠﻚ دون ﻋﻠﻤ ــﻚ‬
(muta‘ajjib, faḍlika, ‘ilmika) I admire your virtue, but not your knowledge,
or, I admire your virtue more than your knowledge; ‫ﻛـﻢ اﻷﻓـﻮاﻩ دون دون اﻟﺘـﺬﻣﺮ‬
‫( واﻟﺸـﻜﻮى‬kamma, tadammur, šakwā) he stopped their mouths to keep them
from muttering and complaining; ‫( اذا ﻛ ــﺎن اﻟﻐﺼ ــﻦ دون ﻣــﺎ ﳛﺘﻤﻠ ــﻪ‬guṣnu,
yaḥtamiluhū) if the branch is not strong enough to carry him; ‫وﺻـﻞ دو ـﻢ اﱃ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬it was he, not they, who reached the goal; ‫( اﺷﺎﺣﺖ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﻬﺎ دوﻧﻪ‬ašāḥat· bi-
wajhihā) she averted her face so that he could not see her; ‫ ﺣـﺎل دون اﻟﺸـﻲء‬to
prevent s.th.; ‫( اﻷﺷـﻌﺔ دون اﳊﻤـﺮاء‬aši‘‘a, ḥamrā‘) the infrared rays; ‫اﳌﻮﺟـﺎت دون‬
‫( اﻟﻘﺼﲑة‬maujāt) ultra-short waves (radio)
‫ دوﱎ‬dūnum a square measure (Ir. = about 2500 m2; Pal. = roughly, 900
m2)
515
1‫ دوى‬dawā and II to sound, resound, ring out; to drone; to echo,
reverberate III to treat (‫ ه‬a patient, ‫ﻫـ‬ a disease) VI to treat o.s. (with a
medicine); to be cured
‫ دوى‬dawan pl. ‫ ادواء‬adwā’ sickness, illness, disease, malady
‫ دوي‬dawīy sound, noise, ring, clang, roar, thunder, drone; echo,
reverberation
‫ دواة‬dawāh ( ‫ دواﻳﺔ‬dawāya) pl. ‫ دوي‬duwīy, diwīy, ‫ دو ت‬dawayāt inkwell
‫ دواء‬dawā’ pl. ‫ ادوﻳـﺔ‬adwiya remedy, medicament, medication, medicine,
drug
‫ دواﺋﻲ‬dawd'i medicinal, medicative, curative
‫ داء‬see ‫دوء‬
‫ دواء‬diwā’ treatment, therapy (med.)
‫ ﻣﺪاواة‬mudāwāh treatment, therapy (med.)
‫ ﺗﺪاو‬tadāwin cure
2‫( دوى‬Fr. douille) dūy socket (of a light bulb)
Confidential
‫ د ﻟﻮج‬diyalōg (Eg. spelling) pl. -āt dialogue
‫ دﻳﺒﺎج‬and ‫ دﻳﺒﺎﺟﺔ‬see ‫دﺑﺞ‬
‫ دﻳﻮث‬dayyūt ( ‫ )دﻳﻮس‬cuckold; procurer, pimp; a variety of warbler (zool.)
‫ دﳚﻮر‬see ‫دﺟﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﺪﳚﻮﻟﻴﻮن‬ad-dēgōlīyūn (Eg. spelling) the Gaullists
‫ دﻳـﺪ ن‬daidabān, daidubān pl. -āt, ‫ د دﺑـﺔ‬dayādiba guard, sentry: sentinel
|‫اﳌﺮاﻛﺐ‬ ‫ دﻳﺪ ن‬ship’s pilot
‫ دﻳﺪن‬see ‫ددن‬
‫ دﻳﺮاﱐ‬,‫ د ر‬,‫ دﻳﺮى‬,‫ ادﻳﺮة‬,‫ اد ر‬,‫ دﻳﺮة‬,‫ دﻳﺮ‬see ‫دور‬
‫ دﻳﺲ‬dīs diss (Ampelodesma tenax; bot.)
‫ دﻳﺴﻢ‬see ‫دﺳﻢ‬
‫ دﻳﺴﻤﱪ‬disembir, disambir December
‫ دﻳـﻚ‬dīk pl. ‫ دﻳﻜـﺔ‬dīka, ‫ دﻳـﻮك‬duyūk, ‫ اد ك‬adyāk cock, rooster |‫ دﻳـﻚ اﳊـﺒﺶ‬d.
al-kabaš turkey, turkey cock; ‫دﻳـﻚ روﻣـﻲ‬ (rūmī) do.; ‫وزن اﻟـﺪﻳﻚ‬ wazn ad-d.
bantam weight
516
‫ اﻟﺴﻌﺎل اﻟﺪﻳﻜﻲ‬as-su‘āl ad-dīkī whooping cough

‫دﻳﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮري = دﻛﺘﺎﺗﻮري‬
‫( دﻳﻜﻮر‬Fr. décor) pl. -āt décor, stage decoration
‫ دﳝﺎس‬daimās, dīmās, ‫ دﳝﻮس‬daimūs pl. ‫ د ﻣﻴﺲ‬dayāmīs2 dungeon, vault
‫ دﳝﻮﻣﺔ‬,‫ دﱘ‬,‫ دﳝﺔ‬see ‫دوم‬
‫ دﳝﻮﻃﻴﻘﻲ‬dīmūṭīqī demotic (writing)
‫ دﳝﻘﺮاﻃﻲ‬,‫ دﳝﻮﻗﺮاﻃﻲ‬dimuqrāṭī democratic; democrat
‫ دﳝﻘﺮاﻃﻴـﺔ‬,‫ دﳝﻮﻗﺮاﻃﻴـﺔ‬dimuqrāṭīya pl. -āt democracy; democratic attitude or
conviction
1 ‫)دﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ )دان‬dāna i to borrow, take up a loan; to be a debtor, be indebted;
to owe (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. s.th., also, e.g., ‫( دان ﻟﻪ ﻟﺸﻜﺮ‬šukr) d. lahū bi-š-šukr to owe
s.o. one’s thanks; ‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., ‫ ﳊﻴـﺎة‬bi-l-ḥayāh one’s life, ‫ ل‬to s.th. or s.o.);
to be indebted (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. for); to be subject, subject o.s., bow, yield, (‫ ل‬to
s.o. or s.th.), be under s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬power, owe allegiance (‫ ل‬to s.o.), obey (‫ل‬
Confidential
s.o.); to grant a loan, lend money (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to subject, subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.): to
requite, repay (‫ ه‬s.o.): to condemn (‫ ه‬s.o.), pass judgment (‫ ه‬on s.o.) III to
have a debt (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be indebted (‫ ه‬to s.o.): to be the creditor (‫ ه‬of
s.o.), have a money claim (‫ ه‬on s.o.) |‫ﻗـﺮوش‬ ‫( داﻳﻨﻪ ﲟﺒﻠﻎ ﲬﺴﺔ‬bi-mablag kamsat
q.) he had a claim of five piasters on him IV to lend money (‫ ه‬to s.o.): to
sell on credit (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to convict, find guilty, pronounce guilty (‫ ه‬s.o.) V
to be indebted, have debts; to subject o.s. (‫ ل‬to) VI ‫ﺗـﺪاﻳﻨﻮا ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ‬ (dain) to
contract a mutual loan, borrow money from each other X to make or incur
debts, take up a loan
‫ دﻳـﻦ‬dain pl. ‫ دﻳـﻮن‬duyūn debt; pecuniary obligation, liability: obligation
(Isl. Law); claim (Isl. Law), financial claim |‫ ﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬on credit; ‫ رب اﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬rabb
ad-d. creditor; ‫اﳊﺮب‬ ‫ دﻳﻮن‬d. al-ḥarb war debts: ‫ دﻳﻦ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن‬bonded, or funded,
debt; ‫( دﻳــﻦ ﳑﺘــﺎز‬mumtāz) preferred, or privileged, debt; ‫دﻳــﻦ ﻣﻮﺣ ــﺪ‬
(muwaḥḥlad) consolidated debt; ‫دﻳـﻦ ﻣﻄﻠـﻖ‬ (muṭlaq) debt not bound to the
physical person of the debtor, but outliving him (Isl. Law); ‫دﻳـﻦ ﻣﺴـﺘﻐﺮق‬
517
(mustagriq) claims against an estate which exceed or equal the assets (Isl.
Law)
‫ دﻳﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬dainūna judgment; Last Judgment
‫ اﻟﺪ ن‬ad-dayyān the Judge (attribute of God)
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬madīna pl. ‫ ﻣﺪاﺋﻦ‬madā’in2, ‫ ﻣﺪن‬mudun town, city; ‫ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬Medina (city
in W Saudi Arabia); see ‫ﻣﺪن‬
‫ اداﻧـﺔ‬idāna verdict of guilty: conviction |‫ ﺻـﺪر اﳊﻜـﻢ داﻧﺘـﻪ‬ṣadara l-ḥukmu
bi-idānatihī he was convicted
‫ اﺳﺘﺪاﻧﺔ‬istidāna incurrence of debts
‫ داﺋﻦ‬dā’in creditor
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﻮن‬madyūn indebted, in debt: obligated, under obligation
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬madyūnīya indebtedness obligation
‫ ﻣـﺪﻳﻦ‬madīn owing; indebted, obligated, under obligation; debtor | ‫ﻣـﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺸـﻜﺮ‬ (šukr) owing gratitude, much obliged; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﺪﻳﻨﺎ ل‬to be indebted to
s.o., stand in s.o.’s debt
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﻦ‬mudīn moneylender, creditor
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺪان‬mudān convicted, found guilty; guilty; judged, condemned
2‫)دﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ )دان‬dāna i to profess (‫ ب‬a religion, a conviction. etc.) | ‫دان ﻹﺳـﻼم‬
to profess Islam; ‫دان ﺑﻌﺎداﺗـﻪ‬ (bi-‘ādātihī) to adhere to one’s customs V to
profess (‫ ب‬a religion)
‫ دﻳﻦ‬dīn pl. ‫ اد ن‬adyān religion, creed, faith, belief |‫ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬yaum ad-d. the
Day of Judgment
‫ دﻳـﲏ‬dīnī religious; spiritual |‫ ﻻدﻳـﲏ‬ir-religious; O ‫ اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ اﻟـﺪﻳﲏ‬science of
religion
‫ دﻳﻦ‬dayyin religious, pious, godly, devout
‫ د ﻧـﺔ‬diyāna pl. -āt religion; communion, confession, denomination, sect
|‫ﻧﺔ‬ ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺪ‬founder of a religion
‫ د ن‬dayyān pious, godly, devout, religious
‫ ﺗﺪﻳﻦ‬tadayyun piety, godliness, devoutness, religiousness, religiosity
‫ ﻣﺘﺪﻳﻦ‬mutadayyin pious, godly, devout, religious
‫ ﻣﺘﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬mutadayyina religious community
‫ دﻳﻨﺎر‬pl. ‫ د ﻧﲑ‬danānīr2 dinar, a monetary unit (Ir., Jord.); pl. ‫ د ﻧﲑ‬money
518
‫ دﻳﻨﺎري‬dīnārī diamonds (of a deck of cards)

‫ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻮ‬dīnāmō dynamo, generator
‫ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺖ‬dīnāmīt dynamite
O ‫ دﻳﻨﻢ‬dainam pl. ‫ﱎ‬ ‫ د‬dayānim2 dynamo, generator
‫ دﻳﺔ‬see ‫ودى‬
‫ دﻳﻮان‬pl. ‫ دواوﻳﻦ‬and ‫ دﻳﻮاﱐ‬see 1‫دون‬
Confidential
519
‫ذ‬
‫( ذا‬demonstr. pron.) pl. ‫ اوﻻء‬ulā’i this one, this; ‫ ﺑـﺬا‬bi-dā by this, by this
means, thereby; ‫ ﻟﺬا‬li-dā therefore; ‫ ﻛﺬا‬ka-dā so, thus, in this manner; so and
so, so and so much; ‫ﻫﻜـﺬا‬ hā-ka-dā so, thus, in this manner; serves as
intensifier after interrogative pronouns (roughly corresponding in English to
such phrase as: ... on earth, ... then, or the like): ‫ ﻣـﺎذا‬what on earth? ‫ ﳌـﺎذا‬why
then? why in heaven’s name? – ‫ ﻫـﻮ ذا‬huwa dā, f. ‫ ﻫـﻲ ذي‬hiya dī that one;
look at that one; why, that is ..., now if that isn’t ...!; ‫ ﻫﺎءﻧـﺬا‬hā’anadā behold,
it is I, here I am, pl. ‫ ﻫﺎ ﳓﻦ اوﻻء‬hā naḥnu ulā’i; -- used as an accusative in the
construct state: master, owner, or possessor of, with ‫ ذو‬nominative (q.v.), ‫ذي‬
as genitive; -- ‫ ذاك‬dāka, f. ‫ك‬ ‫ ﺗﻴـﻚ‬tīka, pl. ‫ اوﻻﺋـﻚ‬ulā’ika this, this one;
tāka,
‫( اذ ذاك‬id) then, at that time; in those days; -- ‫ ذﻟـﻚ‬dālika f. ‫ ﺗﻠـﻚ‬tilka, pl.
‫ اوﻻﺋـﻚ‬ulā’ika that, that one; ‫ ﺑـﺬﻟﻚ‬bi-dālika by that, by that means, in that
‫ ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ‬li-dālika therefore; ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ ذﻟـﻚ‬ba‘da dālika after that, upon that,
Confidential
manner;
thereafter, thereupon; ‫ ﻣـﻊ ذﻟـﻚ‬ma‘a dālika yet, still, nevertheless, for all
that; ‫( وذﻟـﻚ ان‬anna) that is (to say), namely, to wit; ‫( وذﻟـﻚ ﻷن‬li-anna) and
that is because ..., for the one reason that ...; ‫ن‬ ‫( ذﻟـﻚ‬bi-anna) this is due to
the fact that ...; ‫ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ka-dālika so, thus, in that manner; equally, likewise, in
the lame manner; -- ‫ ذﻟﻜـﻢ‬dālikum f. ‫ ﺗﻠﻜـﻢ‬tilkum, pl. ‫ اوﻻﺋﻜـﻢ‬ulā’ikum that
one; -- ‫ ﻫـﺬا‬hādā f. ‫ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬hādihī, ‫ ﻫـﺬي‬hādī, pl. ‫ ﻫـﺆﻻء‬hā’ulā’I, dual m. ‫ﻫـﺬان‬
hādāni, f. ‫ن‬ ‫ ﻫﺎ‬hātāni this, this one, see ‫( ﻫﺬا‬alphabetically)
‫ ذأب‬X to be wolflike, be fierce or cruel like a wolf
‫ ذﺋـﺐ‬di‘b pl. ‫ ذ ب‬di’āb, ‫ ذؤ ن‬du’bān dieb (Canis anthus), jackal; wolf |
‫ﻣــﺮض اﻟــﺬﺋﺐ اﻷﲪــﺮ‬ maraḍ ad-d. al-aḥmar name of a noncontiguous skin
disease
‫ ذؤاﺑﺔ‬du’āba pl. ‫ ذواﺋﺐ‬dawā’ib2 lock, strand (of hair); tuft, wisp
‫ ذاﰐ‬,‫ ذات‬and ‫ ذاﺗﻴﺔ‬see ‫ذو‬
‫ ذا‬see ‫ذا‬
520
‫ ذال‬dāl name of the letter ‫ذ‬

‫ ذب‬dabba u to drive away, chase away (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to defend (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.o., s.th.)
‫ ذ ب‬dubāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اذﺑـﺔ‬adibba, ‫ ذ ن‬dibbān flies, fly | ‫ذ ب‬
‫ ﻗﺎرض‬gadfly, horsefly
‫ ذ ﺑﺔ‬dubāba pl. -āt (n. un. of ‫ )ذ ب‬fly; tip (of the sword, or the like)
‫ ذ ﻧﺔ‬dubbāna, dibbāna fly; sight, bead (on a firearm)
‫ ﻣﺬﺑﺔ‬midabba fly whisk, fly swatter
‫ ذﺑـﺢ‬dabaḥa a (dabḥ) to kill (by slitting the throat); to slaughter, butcher;
to massacre; to murder, slay; to sacrifice, offer up, immolate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal)
II to kill, slaughter, butcher, massacre, murder
‫ ذﺑﺢ‬dabḥ slaughtering, slaughter
‫ ذﺑﺢ‬dibḥ sacrificial victim, blood sacrifice
‫ ذﲝﺔ‬dibḥa, dubḥa angina (med.); diphtheria | ‫( اﻟﺬﲝﺔ اﻟﺼﺪرﻳﺔ‬ṣadrīya) angina
pectoris (med.); O ‫اﻟﻔﺆادﻳﺔ‬ ‫( اﻟﺬﲝﺔ‬fu’ādīya) do.
Confidential
‫ ذ ح‬dabbāḥ slaughtering, killing, murdering; slaughterer, butcher
‫ ذﺑﻴﺢ‬dabīḥ slaughtered
‫ ذﺑﻴﺤـﺔ‬dabīḥa pl. ‫ ذ ﺋـﺢ‬dabā’iḥ2 slaughter animal; sacrificial victim, blood
sacrifice; sacrifice, immolation; offering, oblation
‫ ﻣﺬﺑﺢ‬madbaḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﺬاﺑﺢ‬madābiḥ2 slaughterhouse; altar (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺬﲝﺔ‬madbaḥa massacre, slaughter, carnage, butchery
‫ ذﺑـﺬب‬dabdaba to set into a swinging motion, swing, dangle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II
tadabdaba to swing, pendulate; to oscillate (el.); to be deflected (magnetic
needle); to vibrate; to fluctuate; to waver, vacillate, hesitate
‫ ذﺑﺬﺑـﺔ‬dabdaba pl. -āt pendulous motion, pendulation; oscillation (el.);
vibration
‫ ﺗﺬﺑـﺬب‬tadabdaba pendulous motion, pendulation, swinging; oscillation
(el.); deflection (of a magnetic needle)
O ‫ ﻣﺬﺑﺬب‬mudabdib oscillator (el.)
‫ ﻣﺬﺑـﺬب‬mudabdab fluctuating, variable; vacillating, wavering, hesitant,
unsteady
‫ ﻣﺘﺬﺑﺬب‬mutadabdib: ‫( ﺗﻴﺎر ﻣﺘﺬﺑﺬب‬tayyār) oscillating current (el.)
521
‫ ذﺑـﻞ‬dabala, dabula u (dabl, ‫ ذﺑـﻮل‬dubūl) to be wilted, to wilt, wither; to

fade; to become dry, dry up; to waste away; to become dull, lose its luster
(eye)
‫ ذﺑﻞ‬dabl mother-of-pearl, nacre
‫ ذ ﻟﺔ‬dubāla wick
‫ ذاﺑـﻞ‬dābil pl. ‫ ذﺑـﻞ‬dubul wilted, withered; dry, dried up; faded (color);
languid, dull, lackluster, languishing (glance); feeble, weak, tired
‫ ذﺣــﻞ‬daḥl pl. ‫ اذﺣــﺎل‬adḥāl, ‫ ذﺣــﻮل‬duḥūl resentment, rancor, hatred;
revengefulness, vindictiveness; blood revenge
‫ ذﺧﺮ‬dakara a to keep, preserve, store away, put away (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to save, lay
by (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ ادﺧـﺮ‬iddakara to keep, preserve, store away, put away (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to store, accumulate, gather, hoard, amass (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to lay by (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);
to save (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also strength, trouble, etc.) | ‫ل‬ ‫( ادﺧـﺮ ﺣﺒـﺎ‬ḥubban) to harbor
love for; ‫ﺟﻬﺪا‬ ‫( ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﺮ‬juhdan) he spares no effort
‫ ذﺧــﺮ‬dukr pl. ‫ اذﺧــﺎر‬adkār s.th. stored away, put by, hoarded, or
Confidential
accumulated; stores, supplies; treasure
‫ ذﺧـﲑة‬dakīra pl. ‫ ذﺧـﺎﺋﺮ‬dakā’ir2 treasure; stores, supplies; provisions, food;
ammunition (mil.); (holy) relic
‫ ادﺧــﺎر‬iddikār storage; hoarding, amassing, accumulation; storing,
gathering; saving
‫ ﻣﺬﺧﺮ‬mudakkir pl. -ūn assistant gunner, ammunition passer (mil., Syr.)
‫ ﻣﺬﺧﺮ‬mudakkar pl. -āt supply
‫ ﻣﺪﺧﺮة‬muddakira pl. -āt (Syr.) storage battery, battery
1‫ ذرة‬dura see ‫ذرو‬
2 ‫ذر‬darra u (darr) to strew, scatter, spread (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sprinkle (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬on

s.th. s.th.) | ‫(ذر اﻟﺮﻣﺎد ﰲ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‬ar-ramāda fī ‘ainaihī) to throw dust in s.o.’s eyes;
-- u (‫ ذرور‬durūr) to rise, come up, rise resplendent over the horizon (sun) | ‫ذر‬
‫( ﻗﺮﻧﻪ‬qarnuhū) it began to show, it emerged

‫ ذر‬darr strewing, scattering, sprinkling; (coll.) tiny particles, atoms,
specks, motes
522
‫ ذرة‬darra (n. un.) pl. -āt atom; tiny particle; speck, mote | ‫ ﻣﺜﻘـﺎل ذرة‬mitqāl
d. the weight of a dust particle, a tiny amount; a little bit; ‫ذرة‬ ‫ ﻣﻘﺪار‬miqdār d.
a tiny amount, a jot, an iota; ‫اﻟﺸﻚ‬ ‫( ذرة ﻣﻦ‬šakk) the least doubt
‫ ذري‬darrī atomic | ‫( ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ ذرﻳـﺔ‬qunbula) atomic bomb; ‫( اﻟﻨﺸـﺎط اﻟـﺬري‬našāṭ)
and ‫ذرﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ṭāqa) atomic energy
‫ ذرور‬darūr powder
‫ ذروري‬darūrī powdery, powdered, pulverized
‫( ذرﻳﺮة‬darīra pl. ‫ ذراﺋﺮ‬darā’ir2 fragrant powder, cosmetic scented powder
‫ ذري‬durrī of or pertaining to the offspring or progeny
‫ ذرﻳﺔ‬durrīya pl. -āt, ‫ ذراري‬darārīy progeny, descendants, children, offspring
3‫ ﻳﺬر‬yadaru see (‫)وذر‬
‫ ذرب‬dariba a (darab) to be sharp, cutting

‫ ذرب‬darab diarrhea (med.)
‫ ذرب‬darib pl. ‫ ذرب‬durb sharp, cutting | ‫( ﺟـﺮح ذرب‬jurḥ) a malignant,
Confidential
incurable wound
‫ ذراح‬durrāḥ pl. ‫ ذرارﻳﺢ‬darārīḥ2 Spanish fly, blister beetle (zool.)
‫ ذرع‬dara‘a a (dar‘) to measure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take the measure or
measurements (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to cover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a distance); to cross, travel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
country), travel through (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to intercede, intervene, mediate, put in a word
(‫ ل‬for s.o., on behalf of s.o., ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬with s.o. else) V to use, employ, apply
(‫ ﺑﺬرﻳﻌـﺔ‬bi-darī‘a or‫ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﺔ‬bi-wasīla a means, an expedient); to use as a
pretext, as an excuse (‫ ب‬s.th.); to use as a means (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬to an end) VII
to proceed, advance; to intervene
‫ ذرع‬dar‘ power, ability, capability (‫ ب‬to do s.th.) |‫ ﺿـﺎق ذرﻋـﺎ ب‬and ‫ﺿـﺎق‬
‫( ﻋﻨـﻪ ذرﻋـﺎ‬dar‘an) not to be up to s.th., be unable to do or accomplish s.th.; to
be unable to stand or bear s.th., be fed up with, be tired of, feel uneasy
about, be oppressed by ‫ ذراع‬dirā‘ f. and m., pl. ‫ اذرع‬adru‘, ‫ ذرﻋـﺎن‬dur‘ān arm;
forearm; connecting rod; cubit, in Syria = .68 m |in Egypt: ‫( ذراع ﺑﻠـﺪي‬baladī)
= .58 m, ‫( ذراع اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮﱄ‬istanbūlī) = .665 m, ‫( ذراع ﻫﻨﺪازة‬hindāza) = .656 m, ‫ذراع‬
523
‫( ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬mi‘mārī) = ca. .75 m, ‫( ذراع ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬murabba‘) = .5625 m; in Iraq:

‫( ذراع ﺣﻠﱯ‬ḥalabī) = ca. .68 m, ‫( ذراع ﺑﻐﺪادي‬bagdādī) or ‫( ذراع ﺑﻠﺪي‬baladī) = ca.
.80 m, ‫ ذراع ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬see 800 above
‫ ذرﻳﻊ‬darī‘ stepping lively, walking briskly; rapid, quick; torrential; rapidly
spreading, sweeping (death); devastating; intercessor
‫ ذرﻳﻌﺔ‬darī‘a pl. ‫ ذراﺋﻊ‬darā’i‘2 medium, means, expedient; pretext, excuse
‫ ذرف‬darafa i (darf, ‫ ذرﻳـﻒ‬darīf, ‫ ذروف‬durūf, ‫ ذرﻓـﺎن‬darafan) to flow, well
forth (tears); to shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬tears; said of the eye) II to exceed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬an age) X to
let flow, shed (‫ ﻫـ‬tears)
‫ ذرق‬daraqa i u (darq) to drop excrement (bird) IV do.
‫ ذرق‬darq droppings, excrement (of a bird)
(‫ ذرو‬and‫ ذرى( ذرا‬darā u (darw) to disperse, scatter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to carry off,
blow away (‫ ﻫـ‬dust; said of the wind); to winnow, fan (‫ ﻫ ـ‬grain); -- ‫ ذرى‬darā i
(dary) do. II do. IV = I; to throw down, throw off (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) | ‫اذرت‬
Confidential
‫( اﻟﻌﲔ اﻟـﺪﻣﻊ‬dam‘a) the eye shed tears V to be winnowed, be fanned; to climb
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬on), scale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to seek shade or shelter (‫ ب‬in, at, under); to take
refuge (‫ ب‬with), flee (‫ ب‬to) X to take refuge (‫ ب‬with), place o.s. under
s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬protection, flee (‫ ب‬to s.o.)
‫ ذرة‬dura durra, a variety of sorghum | ‫( ذرة ﺷـﺎﻣﻲ‬eg.) Indian corn, maize
(Zea mays L.); ‫( ذرة ﺻـﻔﺮاء‬ṣafrā’) do. (syr.); ‫( ذرة ﻋﻮﳚـﺔ‬eg.) a variety of millet
(Andropogon Sorghum Brot. var. Schwein furtianus Kcke.); ‫ذرة ﺑﻴﻀــﺎء‬
(baiḍā’) millet (syr.)
‫ ذرى‬daran protection, shelter
‫ ذروة‬durwa, dirwa pl. ‫ ذرى‬duran summit; top; peak; culmination, climax,
acme, apex
‫ ﻣﺬرى‬midran and ‫ ﻣﺬارة‬midrāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺬار‬madārin winnow, winnowing fork
‫ ذﻋﺮ‬da‘ara a (da‘r) to frighten, scare, alarm, terrify (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. du‘ira to
be frightened (‫ ل‬by), get alarmed (‫ ل‬at); -- da‘ira a (da‘ar) to be terrified,
alarmed, dismayed IV to frighten, scare, alarm, terrify (‫ ه‬s.o.) V and VII to
be frightened, become alarmed
524
‫ ذﻋﺮ‬du‘r fright, terror, alarm, panic

‫ ذﻋﺮ‬da‘ar fright, alarm, dismay, consternation
‫ ذﻋــﺎف‬du‘āf lethal, deadly, immediately killing (poison) | ‫ﻣــﻮت ذﻋــﺎف‬
(maut) a sudden, immediate death
‫ ذﻋﻖ‬da‘aqa a (da‘q) to frighten (‫ ه‬s.o.) by screaming
‫ ذﻋـﻦ‬da‘ana a (da‘an) and IV to submit, yield, give in (‫ ل‬to s.o.), obey (‫ل‬
s.o., an order, etc.); to concede voluntarily, grant willingly (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.)
‫ اذﻋﺎن‬id‘ān submissiveness, pliability, compliance, obedience
‫ ﻣﺬﻋﻦ‬mud‘in submissive, pliable, tractable, obedient
‫ ﻣﺬﻋﺎن‬mid‘an pliable, tractable, docile, obedient, obliging, compliant
‫ ذﻓﺮ‬dafar pungent smell, stench
‫ ذﻗـﻦ‬daqan, diqan pl. ‫ اذﻗـﺎن‬adqān, ‫ ذﻗـﻮن‬duqūn chin; -- daqn f., pl. ‫ذﻗـﻮن‬
duqūn beard, whiskers | ‫ذﻗـﻦ اﻟﺸـﻴﺦ‬ d. aš-šaik; worm-wood, absinthe; ‫ﺧـﺮوا‬
‫ﻷذﻗـﺎ ﻢ‬ karrū li-adqānihim they prostrated themselves; ‫ﻏـﺮق ﰲ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﺣـﱴ‬
Confidential
‫( اﻟﺬﻗﻦ‬gariqa fī l-‘amal) to be up to one’s neck in work, be swamped by work
(properly: to drown in work); ‫( ﺿـﺤﻚ ﻋﻠـﻰ ذﻗﻨـﻪ‬ḍaḥika) pl. ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ذﻗـﻮ ﻢ‬eg.,
syr.) to fool s.o., make fun of s.o., lead s.o. around by the nose (‫ ب‬with
s.th.); to put on an act for s.o.; ‫ ﺿﺤﻚ ﰲ ذﻗﻨﻪ‬to laugh in s.o.’s face
‫ ذﻛﺮ‬dakara u (dikr, ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺎر‬tadkār) to remember, bear in mind (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), think

(‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to keep in mind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to recall, recollect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- (dikr) to
speek, talk (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of, about); to name, mention, cite, quote (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to state,
designate, indicate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., foots, data); to point, refer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to
s.th.); to report, relate, tell (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.) | ‫ ﺗﻘـﺪم ﻳـﺬﻛﺮ‬taqaddumun yudkaru
notable progress; ‫ﻻ ﻳـﺬﻛﺮ‬ (yudkaru) inconsiderable, not worth mentioning;
‫( )ذﻛـﺮﻩ ﲞـﲑ ) ﳋـﲑ‬kair) to have pleasant memories of s.o., hold s.o. in fond
remembrance; to speak well of s.o.; ‫ذﻛـﺮﻩ ﺑﺸـﺮ‬ (šarr) to have unpleasant
memories of s.o.; to speak ill of s.o. II to remind (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. of s.th.), point
out (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.), call s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬attention (‫ ب‬to); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a word)
masculine (gram.) III to parley, negotiate, confer, have a talk, take counsel
525
(‫ ه‬with s.o.); to memorize, commit to memory, learn, study (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s

assignment, one’s lesson) | ‫دروﺳـﻪ‬
‫( ذاﻛـﺮ‬durūsahū) to study one’s lessons, do
one’s homework IV to remind (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. of s.th.), call (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
mind V to remember, bear in mind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), think (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) VI to remind
each other (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), revive each other’s memory of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to confer (together),
have a talk, take counsel VIII ‫ ادﻛﺮ‬iddakara = V; X to remember, recall, keep
in mind, know by heart (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ذﻛـ ــﺮ‬dikr recollection, remembrance, reminiscence, memory,
commemoration; reputation, repute, renown; naming, stating, mention(ing),
quoting, citation; report, account, narration, narrative; invocation of God,
mention of the Lord’s name; (in Sufism) incessant repetition of certain
words or formulas in praise of God, often accompanied by music and
dancing |‫ذﻛـﺮ‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ‬with foll. genit.) apropos of, speaking of ...; ‫وﻋﻠـﻰ ذﻛـﺮ ذﻟـﻚ‬
speaking of that, incidentally, in that connection; ‫ اﻟـﺬﻛﺮ اﳊﻜـﻴﻢ‬the Koran;
‫ ﺳــﺎﻟﻒ اﻟــﺬﻛﺮ‬abovementioned, afore-mentioned; ‫ ﺳــﻌﻴﺪ اﻟــﺬﻛﺮ‬of blessed
Confidential
memory, deceased, late; ‫( اﺷﺎد ﺑﺬﻛﺮﻩ‬ašāda) to celebrate, praise, commend s.o.
or s.th., speak in glowing terms of s.o. or s.th.; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬

he still remembered ..., he could still recall ...
‫( ﻣـﺎ زال ﻋﻠـﻰ ذﻛـﺮ‬dikr min)
‫ ذﻛﺮ‬dakar pl. ‫ ذﻛﻮر‬dukūr, ‫ ذﻛﻮرة‬dukūra, ‫ ذﻛﺮان‬dukrān male; (pl. ‫ )ذﻛﻮر‬penis

‫ ذﻛﺮة‬dukra reputation, repute, renown
‫ ذﻛـﺮى‬dikrā pl. ‫ ذﻛـﺮ ت‬dikrayāt remembrance, recollection, memory; pl.
reminiscences, memoirs
‫ ذﻛﲑ‬dakīr steel
‫ ﺗــﺬﻛﺎر‬tadkār, tidkār remembrance; reminder, memento; memory,
commemoration; souvenir, keepsake; memorial day |‫اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴـﲔ‬ ‫ﺗـﺬﻛﺎر ﲨﻴـﻊ‬ t.
jamī‘ al-qiddīsīn All Saints’ Day (Chr.)
‫ ﺗـﺬﻛﺎري‬tadkārī, tidkārī serving to remind, helping the memory; memorial,
commemorative
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة‬tadkira reminder; memento
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة‬tadkira, mostly pronounced tadkara, pl. ‫ ﺗﺬاﻛﺮ‬tadākir2 message, note;
slip, paper, permit, pus; card; ticket; admission ticket | ‫ ﺗـﺬﻛﺮة ﺑﺮﻳـﺪ‬postcard;
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة اﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬t. itbāt aš-šakṣīya identity card; ‫ ﺗـﺬﻛﺮة ذﻫـﺎب وا ب‬t. dahāb
526
wa-iyāb round-trip ticket; ‫( ﺗـﺬﻛﺮة اﻟﺮﺻــﻴﻒ‬eg.) platform ticket; ‫ﺗــﺬﻛﺮة اﺷـﱰاك‬

subscription ticket; ‫( ﺗــﺬﻛﺮة ﻃﺒﻴــﺔ‬ṭibbīya) medical prescription; ‫ﺗــﺬﻛﺮة ﻣــﺮور‬
permit, pass, laissez-passer; passport; ‫( ﺗـﺬﻛﺮة اﻟﻨﻔـﻮس‬Syr.) identity card (=
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬Eg.); ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬t. al-intikāb ballot
‫ ﺗــﺬﻛﺮﺟﻲ‬tadkarjī, ‫ ﺗــﺬﻛﺮي‬tadkarī ticket seller, ticket clerk; (streetcar)
conductor
‫ﺗــﺬﻛﲑ‬ tadkīr reminding (of s.o., ‫ب‬ of s.th:). reminder, memento;
fecundation, pollination (of female blossoms; in pomiculture)
‫ ﻣـﺬاﻛﺮة‬mudākara pl. -āt negotiation, consultation. conference; deliberation
(of a court; Syr.); learning, memorizing, memorization; study
‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬tadakkur memory, remembrance, recollection
‫ اﺳﺘﺬﻛﺎر‬istidkār memorizing, memorization, committing to memory
‫ ذاﻛﺮة‬dākira memory
‫ ﻣـﺬﻛﻮر‬madkūr mentioned; said, above-mentioned; celebrated | ‫ﱂ ﻳﻜـﻦ ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ‬
‫ ﻣﺬﻛﻮرا‬lam yakun šai’an m. it was of no importance, it was nothing
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬mudakkar masculine (gram.)
‫ ﻣـﺬﻛﺮة‬mudakkira pl. -āt reminder; note; remark.; notebook; memorandum,
memorial, aide-mémoire, (diplomatic) note; ordinance, decree; treatise,
paper, report (of a learned society, = Fr. mémoires); pl. reminiscences,
memoirs | ‫ ﻣـﺬﻛﺮة اﻻ ـﺎم‬m. al-ittihām bill of indictment (jur.); ‫ ﻣـﺬﻛﺮة اﳉﻠـﺐ‬m.
al-jalb writ of habeas corpus; ‫( ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ﺷﻔﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬šifāhīya) verbal note (dipl.)
(‫ ذﻛﻮ‬and ‫ ذﻛﻰ( ذﻛﺎ‬dakā u (dukūw, ‫ ذﻛﺎ‬dakan, ‫ ذﻛﺎء‬dakā’) to blaze, flare up
(fire); to exude a strong odor; -- ‫ ذﻛـﻲ‬dakiya (‫ ذﻛـﺎء‬dakā’) to be sharp-witted,

intelligent II and IV to cause to blaze, fan (‫ ﻫـ‬the fire); to kindle (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II to
immolate an animal X = dakā
‫ ذﻛـﺎء‬dakā’ acumen, mental, acuteness, intelligence, brightness; -- dukā’2
the sun
‫ ذﻛـﻲ‬dakīy pl. ‫ اذﻛﻴـﺎء‬adkiyā’2 intelligent, sharp-witted, clever, bright;
redolent, fragrant; tasty, savory, delicious
‫ ذل‬dalla i (dall, dull, ‫ ذﻻﻟـﺔ‬dalāla, ‫ ذﻟـﺔ‬dilla, ‫ ﻣﺬﻟـﺔ‬madalla) to be low, lowly,
humble, despised, contemptible II to lower, debase, degrade, humiliate,
humble (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to subject, break, subdue, conquer (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
527
overcome, surmount (‫ ﻫـ‬difficulties, obstacles) IV to lower, debase, degrade,

humiliate, humble (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to subject, break, subdue, conquer (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬
s.o. s.th.) V to lower o.s, humble o.s., cringe (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬before s.o.); to be
humble, obsequious X to think (‫ ه‬s.o.) low or despicable; to think little (‫ه‬
of), disesteem (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deride, flout, disparage, run down (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ذل‬dull lowness, lowliness, insignificance; ignominy, disgrace, shame,
degradation, humiliation; humility, humbleness, meekness, submissiveness
‫ ذﻟ ــﺔ‬dilla lowness, baseness, vileness, depravity; submissivness,
obsequiousness
‫ ذﻟﻴـﻞ‬dalīl pl. ‫ اذﻻء‬adillā’2, ‫ اذﻟـﺔ‬adilla low, lowly; despised, despicable,
contemptible; docile, tractable, pliable; humble, submissive, abject, servile;
obsequious, cowering, cringing ‫ذﻟـﻮل‬ dalūl pl. ‫ذﻟـﻞ‬ dulul docile, tractable,
gentie (animal); female riding camel
‫ ﻣﺬﻟﺔ‬madalla humbleness, meekness, submissiveness; humiliation
‫ ﺗـﺬﻟﻴﻞ‬tadlīl derogation, degradation, bemeaning; overcoming, conquering,
Confidential
surmounting (of difficulties, of an obstacle, and the like)
‫ اذﻻل‬idlāl degradation, debasement, humiliation
‫ ﺗﺬﻟﻞ‬tadallul self-abasement
‫ ذﻟـﺬل‬duldul pl. ‫ ذﻻذل‬dalādil2 lowest, nethermost part of s.th.; train, hem
(of a garment) |‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ ذﻻذل‬the mob, the riffraff
‫ اذﻟﻒ‬adlaf2, f. ‫ ذﻟﻔﺎء‬dalfā’, pl. ‫ ذﻟﻒ‬dulf having a small and finely chiseled
nose
‫ ذﻟﻖ‬dalq tip, point; tip of the tongue
‫ اﳊـﺮوف اﻟـﺬﻟﻖ‬al-ḥurūf ad-dulq, ‫ اﳊـﺮوف اﻟﺬﻟﻘﻴـﺔ‬and ‫( اﳊـﺮوف اﻟﺬوﻟﻠﻘﻴـﺔ‬dulaqiya)
the liquids r, l, n (phon.)
‫ ذﻟﻖ‬dalq, daliq, ‫ ذﻟﻴﻖ‬dalīq eloquent, glib, facile (tongue)
‫ ذﻻﻗﺔ‬dalāqa eloquence, glibness (of the tongue)
‫ ذﻟﻚ‬etc., see ‫ذا‬
‫ ذم‬damma u (damm, ‫ ﻣﺬﻣــﺔ‬madamma) to blame, find blameworthy,
dispraise, criticize (‫ ه‬s.o.), find fault (‫ ه‬with s.o.) II to rebuke, censure
sharply (‫ ه‬s.o.)
528
‫ ذم‬damm censure, dispraise, derogation, disparagement

‫ ذﻣــﺔ‬dimma pl ‫ ذﻣــﻢ‬dimam protection, care, custody; covenant of
protection, compact; responsibility, answerableness; financial obligation,
liability, debt; inviolability, security of life and property; safeguard,
guarantee, security; conscience |‫ ﻟﺬﻣـﺔ؟‬honestly? really? seriously? ‫ﰲ ذﻣـﱵ‬
and ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ذﻣـﱵ‬upon my word, truly; ‫ ﰲ ذﻣﺘـﻪ‬,‫ ﺑﺬﻣﺘـﻪ‬in s.o.’s debt, indebted to
s.o.; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﺑﺬﻣﺘـﻪ‬his debt; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ذﻣﺘـﻪ‬under s.o.’s protection; at s.o.’s disposal; for
the benefit of s.o. or s.th., for s.o. or some purpose (allocation of funds);‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻣﺘـﻪ‬she is financially dependent on him, he has to support her; ‫اﻫـﻞ اﻟﺬﻣـﺔ‬
ahl ad-d. the free non-Muslim subjects living in Muslim, countries who, in
return for paying the capital tax, enjoyed protection and safety; ‫اﻟﺬﻣـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻃـﺎﻫﺮ‬of
pure conscience, upright, honest; ‫ﺑ ـﺮأ ذﻣﺘــﻪ‬ (barra’a) to relieve one’s
conscience, meet one’s obligation
‫ ذﻣـﻲ‬dimmī a zimmi, a free non-Muslim subject living in a Muslim
country (see ‫ ذﻣﺔ‬dimma: ‫اﻟﺬﻣﺔ‬ ‫)اﻫﻞ‬
Confidential
‫ ذﻣــﺎم‬dimām pl. ‫ اذﻣــﺔ‬adimma right, claim, title; protection, custody;
security of life and property | ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ ﰲ ذﻣﺎم‬fī d. al-lail under cover of darkness
‫ ذﻣـﻴﻢ‬damīm censured; blameworthy, objectionable, reprehensible; ugly,
unfair, nasty
‫ ذﻣﻴﻤﺔ‬damīima pl. ‫ ذﻣﺎﺋﻢ‬damā’im2 blame, censure
‫ ﻣﺬﻣﺔ‬madamma pl. -āt blame, censure
‫ ﻣﺬﻣﻮم‬madmūm censured; blameworthy, objectionable, reprehensible
‫ ذﻣﺮ‬V to grumble, complain (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬about)
‫ ذﻣﺎر‬dimār sacred possession, cherished goods; honor
‫ ﺗﺬﻣﺮ‬tadammur pl. -āt grumbling, complaint, grievance
‫ ذﻣﻲ‬damiya a (‫ ذﻣﺎء‬damā’) to be in the throes of death
‫ ذﻣـﺎء‬damā’ last remnant; last breath of life | ‫( ذﻣـﺎء ﻣـﻦ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬ḥayāh) last
breath of life
‫ ذﻧـﺐ‬IV to do wrong, commit a sin, a crime, an offense; to be guilty, be
culpable X to find or declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) guilty of a sin, of a crime, of an offense
‫ ذﻧﺐ‬danb pl. ‫ ذﻧﻮب‬dunūb offense, sin, crime, misdeed
529
‫ ذﻧﺐ‬danab pl. ‫ ذﻧﺐ‬adnāb tail; end; adherent (pol.), follower, henchman

‫ ذﻧــﱯ‬danabī caudal, tail- (in compounds); append aged, appendant,
dependent
‫ ذﻧﻴﺐ‬dunaib petiole, leafstalk (bot.)
‫ ﻣﺬﻧﺐ‬mudannab comet
‫ ﻣﺬﻧﺐ‬mudnib culpable, guilty; sinner; evildoer, delinquent, criminal
‫ ذﻫـﺐ‬dahaba a (‫ ذﻫـﺎب‬dahāb, ‫ ﻣـﺬﻫﺐ‬madhab) to go (‫ اﱃ‬to); to betake o.s.,
travel (‫ اﱃ‬to); to go away, leave, depart; to disappear, vanish, decline,
dwindle; to perish, die, be destroyed; with ‫ب‬: to carry s.th. off, take s.th.
away, abduct, steal s.th., sweep s.th. or s.o. away, annihilate, destroy s.th. or
s.o.; ‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ذﻫﺐ ﺑـﻪ‬to lead or conduct s.o. to, take s.o. along to; to think, believe
(‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), hold the view, be of the opinion (‫ اﱃ‬that); to escape (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.; fig.),
slip (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.’s mind), ‫ ذﻫـﺐ ﻋﻨـﻪ ان‬to lose sight of the fact that ..., forget that
... ; to ignore, skip, omit (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); (with imperf.) to prepare to ..., be about
to ... | ‫ ذﻫـﺐ وﺟـﺎء‬to go back and forth, walk up and down; ‫ذﻫـﺐ اﱃ اﺑﻌـﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬
Confidential
(ab‘ada) to go beyond ... (fig.);
along these lines; ‫ﺑـﻚ‬
‫ﻣـﺎ ﻳـﺬﻫﺐ ﰲ ﻧﺰﻋﺘـﻪ‬ (naz‘atihī) what follows
‫( !اﻳـﻦ ﻳـﺬﻫﺐ‬yudhabu) the idea of it! you can’t mean it!
‫( ذﻫـﺐ ﺳـﺪى‬sudan) to be futile, be in vain, be of no avail; ‫ذﻫـﺐ ادراج اﻟـﺮ ح‬
(adrāja r-riyāḥ) to go the ways of the winds, i.e., to pass unnoticed, without
leaving a trace; to end in smoke, come to nothing, be futile, be in vain; ‫ذﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻛـﺄﻣﺲ اﻟـﺪاﺑﺮ‬ (ka-amsi d-dābir) to vanish into thin air, disappear without
leaving a trace (lit.: like yesterday gone by); ‫ﺑﺒﻬﺎﺋـﻪ‬ ‫( ذﻫـﺐ‬bi-bahā’ihi) to take
the glamor away from s.th.; ‫( ذﻫـﺐ ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬bi-nafsihī) to kill s.o. (joy, terror,
etc.); ‫ﲞﻴﺎﻟـﻪ‬ ‫( ذﻫـﺐ‬bi-kayālihī) to let one’s imagination wander (‫ اﱃ‬to); ‫ذﻫـﺐ‬
‫( ﻣﺬﻫﺒـﻪ‬madhabahū) to embrace s.o.’s madhab (see below); to follow s.o.’s
teaching, make s.o.’s belief one’s own, embrace s.o.’s ideas; to adopt s.o.’s
policy, proceed exactly like s.o.; ‫ذﻫـﺐ ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﺬﻫﺐ‬ (kulla madhabin) to do
everything conceivable, leave no stone unturned, go to greatest lengths II to
gild (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to cause to go away, make disappear, remove, eliminate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to take away (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from s.o.)
530
‫ ﻣـﺬﻫﺐ‬II tamadhaba (deriv. of ‫ ﻣـﺬﻫﺐ‬madhab) to follow, adopt, embrace

(‫ ب‬a teaching, a religion, etc.)
‫ ذﻫـﺐ‬dahab (m. and f.) gold; gold piece, gold coin |O ‫( ذﻫـﺐ اﺑـﻴﺾ‬abyaḍ)
platinum
‫ ذﻫـﱯ‬dahabī golden, of gold; precious, excellent, apposite (e.g., advice,
saying, etc.) | ‫ذﻫﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ آﻳﺔ‬golden word, maxim, epigram
‫ ذﻫﺒﻴـﺔ‬dahabīya pl. -āt dahabeah, a long light-draft houseboat, used on the
Nile
‫ ذﻫـﺎب‬dahāb going; passing, passage, falling away, decrease, dwindling,
loss, disappearance; leave, departure; trip, journey; outward-bound trip or
journey (as opposed to ‫ ا ب‬iyāb return trip; railroad); opinion, view (‫اﱃ ان‬
that) |‫( ذﻫـﺎ وا‬iyāban) there and back; back and forth, up and down; ‫ﺗـﺬﻛﺮة‬
‫ ذﻫﺎب وا ب‬tadkarat d. wa-iyāb round-trip ticket
‫ ذﻫﻮب‬duhūb going | ‫ ذﻫﻮب وﻣـﺂب‬coming and going; ‫ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺌـﺔ وذﻫـﻮب‬coming
and going, in a state of fluctuation, having its ups and downs
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﺬﻫﺐ‬madhab pl. ‫ ﻣـﺬاﻫﺐ‬madāhib2 going, leave, departure; way out,
escape (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); manner followed, adopted procedure or policy, road
entered upon; opinion, view, belief; ideology; teaching, doctrine;
movement, orientation, trend (also pol.); school; mazhab, orthodox rite of
fiqh (Isl. Law); religious creed, faith, denomination |O ‫اﳊﻴـﺎة‬ ‫( ﻣﺬﻫﺒـﻪ ﰲ‬ḥayāh)
his philosophy of life, his weltanschauung; ‫( اﳌــﺬﻫﺐ اﳌــﺎدي‬māddī) the
materialistic ideology, the materialistic approach to life; ‫ ذﻫـﺐ ﻣـﺬﻫﺒﺎ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪا‬to
go very far, be very extensive
‫ ﻣﺬﻫﱯ‬madhabī denominational, confessional; sectarian
‫ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ‬madhabīya sectarianism
‫ ذاﻫﺐ‬dāhib: ‫ ذاﻫﺐ اﻟﻠﻮن‬d. al-laun faded, colorless, discolored
‫ﻣـﺬﻫﻮب ﺑـﻪ‬ madhūb bihī and ‫ﻣـﺬﻫﻮب اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ‬ m. al-‘aql out of one’s mind,
demented
‫ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ‬mudahhab gilded
‫ ذﻫـﻞ‬dahala a (dahl, ‫ ذﻫـﻮل‬duhūl) to forget, overlook, omit, neglect, fail to
heed (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); -- dahlia a (‫ ذﻫﻮل‬duhūl) to be perplexed, alarmed, dismayed,
startled, surprised, baffled; to be astonished, be amazed; to frighten, scare,
531
take alarm, flinch; to be absent-minded, be distracted; to be or become

distracted (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), forget, overlook, fail to heed, neglect (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) IV to
baffle, startle, nonplus (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distract (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from), make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
forget (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.) VII = dahila
‫ ذﻫﻮل‬duhūl perplexity, consternation, bafflement, daze, stupor; confusion,
bewilderment, dismay, alarm, fright; surprise; amazement, astonishment;
absentmindedness, distraction, distractedness (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫ ذاﻫـﻞ‬diJAil negligent, forgetful, oblivious, distracted, absent-minded;
dazed, in a stupor
‫ ﻣـﺬﻫﻮل‬madhūl perplexed, startled, alarmed, dismayed, dazed, confused,
baffled, bewildered; distracted, absentminded
‫ ذﻫﻞ‬mudhil startling, baffling, amazing
‫ ﻣﻨــﺬﻫﻞ‬mundahil alarmed, dismayed, perplexed, startled, baffled;
distracted, absent-minded
‫ ذﻫﻦ‬dihn pl. ‫ اذﻫﺎن‬adhān mind; intellect
‫ ذﻫﲏ‬dihnī mental, intellectual
Confidential
‫ ذﻫﻨﻴﺔ‬dihnīya mentality
‫ ذو‬dū, genit. ‫ ذي‬dī, acc. ‫ ذا‬dā, f. ‫ ذات‬dāt, pl. m. ‫ ذوو‬dawū, ‫ اوﻟـﻮ‬ulū, pl. f.
‫ ذوات‬dawāt (with foll. genit.) possessor, owner, holder or muter of, endowed
or provided with, embodying or comprising s.th. |‫ ذو ﻋﻘـﻞ‬dū ‘aql endowed
with brains, bright, intelligent; ‫ذو ﻣــﺎل‬ rich, wealthy; ‫ذو ﺻــﺤﺔ‬ dū ṣiḥḥa
healthy;‫ ذو ﺷـﺄن‬dū ša’n important, significant; ‫ ذو اﻟﻘـﺮﰉ‬dū l-qurbā relative,
kin(sman); ‫( ﻏﲑ ذي زرع‬zar‘) uncultivated (land); ‫ ﻣﻦ ذي ﻗﺒﻞ‬min dī qablu than
before; ‫ﻣـﻦ ذي ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ of one’s own accord, spontaneously; ‫ذووﻩ‬ dawūhu his
relatives, his kin, his folk; ‫ ذوو اﳌﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬dawū l-mawadda wa-l-ma‘rifa friends
end acquaintances; ‫ ذوو اﻟﺸـﺒﻬﺎت‬dawū š-šubuhāt dubious persons, people of
ill repute; ‫اﻟﺸﺄن‬ ‫ ذوو‬dawū š-ša’n important, influential people; the competent
people (or authorities), those concerned with the matter; ‫ اوﻟـﻮا اﻻﻣـﺮ‬ulū l-amr
rulers, leaders; ‫واﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬ ‫ اوﻟﻮ اﳊﻞ‬ulū l-hall wa-l-‘aqd influential people, those in
power
532
‫ ذات‬dāt pl. ‫ ذوات‬dawāt being, essence, nature; self; person, personality;

the same, the selfsame; -self; ‫ اﻟـﺬوات‬people of rank, people of distinction,
notables; ‫ ذا‬dātan personally | ‫ ذات اﻟﺒـﲔ‬d. al-bain disagreement, dissension,
disunion, discord, enmity; friendship; ‫ ذات اﳉﻨـﺐ‬d. al-janb pleurisy (med.);
‫ ذات اﻟﺮﺋـﺔ‬d. ar-ri’a pneumonia; ‫ ذات اﻟﺼـﺪر‬d. aṣ-ṣadr disease of the chest,
pectoral ailment; ‫ ذات اﻟﻴـﺪ‬d. al-yad wealth, affluence; ‫ ذات اﻳـﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬d. aidīnā our
possessions; ‫ ذات اﻟﻴﻤـﲔ‬dāta l-yamīn to the right, ‫ ذات اﻟﺸـﻤﺎل‬dāta š-šimāli to
the left, ‫اﻟﻴﺴﺎر‬‫ ذات‬dāta l-yasāri do.; ‫ ذات ﻣﺮة‬dāta marratin once, one time, ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ذات ﻣـﺮة‬fī dāti marratin do.; ‫ ذات ﻳـﻮم‬dāta yaumin one day, ‫ ﰲ ذات ﻳـﻮم‬fī dāti
yaumin do.; ‫ ﰲ ذات ﻏـﺪ‬fī dāti gadin sometime in the future, before long; ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ذات‬... fī dāti ... (with foll. genit.) as to …, concerning ..., with reference to
…, re; ‫ ﻟـﺬات‬bi-d-dāt none other than ..., ... of all things, ... of all people;
personally, in person; ‫ ا ﻟـﺬات‬I, of all people, ..., none other than I ...; ‫ﰲ‬
Confidential
‫ ﻟﻨــﺪن ﻟــﺬات‬in London, of all places; ‫( اﻟﺴــﻌﺎدة ﻟــﺬات‬sa‘āda) essential
happiness, happiness proper; ‫ ذات ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬dāt nafsihī, ‫ ذات اﻧﻔﺴـﻬﻢ‬d. anfusihim
his sejf, their selves, his (their) very nature; ‫ ﻫـﻮ ﺑﺬاﺗـﻪ‬,‫( ﻫـﻮ ذاﺗـﻪ‬he) himself;
‫ ذات اﻟﺸـﻲء‬the same thing; ‫ ذات اﻷﺷـﻴﺎء‬the same things; ‫( اﻟﺴـﻨﺔ ذا ـﺎ‬sana) the
same year; ‫ ﻟﺬاﺗـﻪ‬by himself (itself); in itself; as such; for his (its) own sake;
‫ ﰲ ذاﺗـﻪ‬in itself; ‫ ﰲ ﺣـﺪ ذاﺗـﻪ‬fī ḥaddi d. do.; ‫ ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺬاﺗـﻪ‬self-existent, independent,
self-contained, isolated; ‫( اﻟﺜﻘـﺔ ﻟـﺬات‬tiqa) self-confidence; ‫ ﺣـﺐ اﻟـﺬات‬ḥubb
ad-d. and ‫ ﳏﺒـﺔ اﻟـﺬات‬maḥabbat ad-d. self-love, selfishness, egoism; ‫اﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎد‬
‫ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟــﺬات‬ self-confidence, self-reliance; ‫ﺻ ـﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﺬاﺗــﻪ‬ self-evident, self-

explanatory; ‫ﻣﻨــﺎﻗﺾ ذاﺗــﻪ‬ munāqiḍ dātahū self-contradictory; ‫اﺑــﻦ ذوات‬ ibn
dawāt descended from a good family, highborn
‫ ذاﰐ‬dātī own, proper; self-produced, self-created, spontaneous; personal;
self-acting, automatic; subjective (philos.); (pl. -ūn) subjectivist (philos.);
‫ذاﺗﻴـﺎ‬ dātīyan of o.s., by o.s.; personally, in person | ‫اﳊﻜـﻢ اﻟــﺬاﰐ‬ (ḥukm)
autonomy
533
‫ ذاﺗﻴﺔ‬dātīya personality; subjectivism (philos.); identity (of a person) | ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬

‫ اﻟﺬاﺗﻴﺔ‬identification (of a person)
‫ ﻻ ذاﺗﻴﺔ‬lā-dātīya impersonality
‫ ذواﰐ‬dawātī high-class, exclusive, luxurious
1‫ ذواﺑﺔ‬see ‫ذأب‬
1‫)ذوب‬ ‫ ))ذاب‬dāba u (daub), (daub, ‫ )ذو ن‬to dissolve; to melt; to melt

away; to liquefy, deliquesce; to dwindle away, vanish; to pine away, waste
away (‫واﺳ ـﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺴــﺮة‬ ḥasratan wa-asan with grief and sorrow) |‫ﺣﻴــﺎء‬ ‫ذاب‬
(hayā’an) to die of shame; ‫ذاﺑـﺖ اﻇﻔـﺎرﻩ ﰲ‬ (aẓfāruhū) to strive in vain for,
make futile efforts in order to II to dissolve, melt, liquefy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to

dissolve (also, e.g., tablets in water), liquefy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to melt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
smelt (‫ ﻫـ‬metal); to consume, spend, exhaust, use up, sap (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) |‫ﺟﻬـﺪﻩ‬ ‫اذاب‬
(juhdahū) to exhaust s.o.’s energy; ‫‘( اذاب ﻋﺼـﺎرة ﳐـﻪ ﰲ‬uṣārata mukkihī) to
rack one’s brain with
Confidential
‫ ذوب‬daub dissolution; solution (also, as a liquid)
‫ ذو ن‬dawabān dissolution, melting, deliquescence, liquefaction | ‫ذو ن اﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬
‫ ))اﻟﺜﻠﻮج‬d. at-talj (at-tulūj) snowbreak, thaw; ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺬو ن‬qābil li-d-d. meltable,
soluble, dissoluble
‫ ﺗﺬوﻳﺐ‬tadwīb dissolution, solution, melting, liquefaction
‫ اذاﺑﺔ‬idāba dissolution, solution, melting, liquefaction
‫ ذاﺋﺐ‬dā’ib dissolved; melted, molten; salable, dissoluble
‫ ذات‬and ‫ ذوات‬see ‫ذو‬
‫ )ذاد )ذود‬dāda u (daud, ‫ ذ د‬diyād) to scatter, drive away, chase away; to
remove (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to defend, protect (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.) | ‫ذاد اﻟﻨـﻮم‬
‫( ﻋﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‬an-nauma ‘an ‘ainihī) to drive or keep the sleep from his eyes
‫ ذود‬daud defense, protection (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.)
‫ ذ د‬diyād defense, protection (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺬود‬midwād pl. ‫ ﻣﺬاود‬madāwid manger, crib, feeding trough
‫ ذاﺋﺪ‬dā’id pl. ‫ ذادة‬dāda defender, protector
534
‫)ذاق )ذوق‬ dāqa u (dauq, ‫ذواق‬ dawāq, ‫ﻣـﺬاق‬ madāq) to taste, sample (‫ﻫ ـ‬
food, etc.); to try, try out, teat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to get a taste (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.),
experience, undergo, suffer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), go through s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬IV to have (‫ ه‬s.o.)
taste or sample (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.) to taste V to taste (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
slowly, repeatedly, thoroughly; to get a taste (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to sense, perceive
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to enjoy thoroughly, savor, relish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to derive pleasure (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from)
‫ ذوق‬dauq pl. ‫ اذواق‬adwāq gustatory sense; taste (‫ ل‬for; also, e.g., literary
taste); perceptivity, responsiveness (‫ ﰲ‬for); sensitivity, sensitiveness; savoir-
vivre, suavity, urbanity, tact; liking, inclination; taste, flavor (of food, etc.)
|‫اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ اﻟﺬوق‬good taste
‫ ذوﻗﻲ‬dauqī of taste, gustative, gustatory
‫ ذواق‬dawāq taste
‫ ذواق‬dawwāq epicure, connoisseur, gourmet, bon vivant
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‫ ﻣﺬاق‬madāq taste
‫ ذاﺋﻘﺔ‬dā’iqa sense of taste
‫ ذوى‬dawā i and dawiya a to wither, wilt, fad.; to be withered, be dry IV to
cause to wilt, to dry
‫ ذاو‬dāwin withered, faded, drooping
‫ ذي‬see ‫ذو‬
‫ )ذاع )ذﻳـﻊ‬dā’a i (‫ ذﻳـﻮع‬duyū‘) to spread, get about, circulate, be spread, be
disseminated, be or become widespread; to leak out, become public, become
generally known IV to spread. spread out, disseminate, propagate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ب‬
s.th.); to make known, announce, make public, publicize, publish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ب‬
s.th.); to promulgate (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to show, manifest, display (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.),
give evidence (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ب‬of); to reveal, disclose, divulge (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to emit
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬electric waves); to broadcast, transmit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to the public; radio) |

‫( اذاع ﻟﺘﻠﻔﺰة‬talfaza) to telecast (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ذﻳـﻮع‬duyū‘ widespreadness, commonness; spreading, spread, dispersion,
diffusion; circulation (of news)
535
‫ ﻣـﺬ ع‬midyā‘ pl. ‫ ﻣـﺬاﻳﻴﻊ‬madāyī‘2 telltale, talebearer, tattler, blabber,:

indiscret person; radio station, broadcasting station; broadcasting;
microphone; O radio set
‫ اذاﻋــﺔ‬idā‘a spreading, dissemination, propagation; announcement,
proclamation; publication; revelation, disclosure; playback (of a tape; as
opposed to recording); broadcasting, radio; (pl. -āt) (radio) broadcast,
transmission | ‫اذاﻋـﺔ اﻷﺧﺒـﺎر‬ i. al-akbāir newscast, news (radio); ‫اذاﻋـﺔ ﺗﻠﻔﺰﻳـﺔ‬
(talfazīya) television broadcast, telecast; ‫( اذاﻋـﺔ ﻻﺳـﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬lā-silkīya) and ‫اذاﻋـﺔ‬
‫ رادﻳﻮﻓﻮﻧﻴـﺔ‬radio broadcast; broadcasting, radio; ‫ اذاﻋـﺔ اﻟﺒـﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬police radio; ‫ﳎﻠـﺔ‬
‫ اﻹذاﻋﺔ‬majallat al-i. radio magazine
‫ ذاﺋــﻊ‬dā’i‘ widespread, common, general; circulating, in circulation;
widely known |‫اﻟﺼﻴﺖ‬ ‫ ذاﺋﻊ‬d. aṣ-ṣīt famous, noted, renowned, widely known
‫ ﻣـﺬﻳﻊ‬mudī‘ spreader, disseminator, propagator, proclaimer; broadcasting,
transmitting (used attributively); (radio) transmitter; radio announcer
‫ ﻣﺬﻳﻌﺔ‬mudī‘a pl. -āt woman announcer (radio)
‫ ذﻳﻞ‬II to furnish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., esp. a book) with an appendix, add a supplement
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(‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to provide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) at the end (‫ ب‬with) IV to trample underfoot,
degrade, debase (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ذﻳـﻞ‬dail pl. ‫ ذﻳـﻮل‬duyūl, ‫ اذ ل‬adyāl the lowest or rearmost part of s.th.,

lower end; tail; hem, border (of a garment); train (of a skirt); lappet, coat
tail; bottom, foot, end (of a page); appendage, appendicle; add.nda,
supplement, appendix (of a book); retinue, attendants, suite; dependent;
result, consequence |‫ذﻳﻠــﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ immediately thereafter: ‫ﻃــﺎﻫﺮ اﻟــﺬﻳﻞ‬ innocent,
blameless, upright, honest; ‫ ﻃﻬــﺎرة اﻟــﺬﻳﻞ‬ṭahārat ad-d. innocence, moral
integrity, probity, uprightness, honesty; ‫ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ اﻟـﺬﻳﻞ‬long, lengthy, extensive:
‫ ﲤﺴـﻚ ذ ﻟـﻪ‬tamassaka bi-adyālihī to cling to s.o.’s coat tails, hold on to s.o.;

‫( ﺟـﺮ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ذﻳـﻞ اﻟﻌﻔـﺎء‬jarra, ‘alaihi) to wipe out s.th., bring about the doom of
s.th., let s.th. sink into oblivion: ‫ ﻻذ ذ ل اﻟﺸﻲء‬to resort to s.th.
536
‫ر‬
‫ راء‬rā’ name of the letter ‫ر‬
‫ رﺋﺔ‬ri’a pl. ‫ رﺋﻮن‬ri’ūn, ‫ ر ت‬ri’āt lung
‫ رﺋﻮي‬ri’awī pulmonary, pulmonic, pneumonic, of or pertaining to the lung,
lung (used attributively)
‫ رأب‬ra’aba a (ra’b) to mend, repair, patch up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a rent, and the like); to
rectify, put in order, set right (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رؤﺑﺔ‬ru’ba patch (for mending a rent)
‫ ﻣﺮأب‬mir’ab pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺋﺐ‬marā’ib2 repair shop, garage
‫( راﺑﻮر‬Fr. rapport) report
‫ راﺗﻴﻨﺞ‬ratinaj resin
‫( راﺗﻴﻨﺔ = رﺗﻴﻨﺔ‬look up alphabetically)
‫ رؤد‬ru’d soft, tender; ru’d and ‫( ﻓﺘﺎة رؤد‬fatāh) delicate young girl
‫ رﺋﺪ‬ri’d pl. ‫ ارآد‬ar’ād person of approximately the same age, contemporary
Confidential
‫ رادار‬rādār radar
‫ رادﻳﻜﺎل‬radikālī radical
‫ رادﻳﻮ‬rādiyō radio
‫ رادﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬radiyōlōjī radiology
‫ رادﻳﻮم‬radiyūm radium | ‫ ذو رادﻳﻮم ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬radioactive
‫ رأرأ‬ra’ra’a: ‫( رأرأ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬bi-‘ainaihī) to roll one’s eyes
‫ رأس‬ra’asa a (‫ ر ﺳـﺔ‬ri’āsa) to be at the head, be the chairman, be in charge
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to preside (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th.); to had, lead, direct, manage, run (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); -- ‫رؤس‬ ra’usa u to be the chief, the leader II to appoint as chief or
head, make the director or leader, entrust with the direction, management or
chairmanship (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = ra’asa VIII to become or be the chief, head,
leader, or director
‫ رأس‬ra’s m. and f., pl. ‫ رؤوس‬ru’ūs, ‫ ارؤس‬ar’us head (also as a enumerative
of cattle); chief, chieftain, head, leader; upper part, upper end; tip; top,
summit, peak; vertex, apex; extremity, end; promontory, headland, cape
(geogr.); main part; beginning: ‫ رأﺳﺎ‬ra’san directly, straightway; immediately
537
|‫ ﺑﺮأﺳـﻪ‬sui generis, in a class by itself, independent, self-contained, e.g., ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺮأﺳـﻪ‬ ‫( رأس ﺑـﺮأس‬both) alike, one like the other,
(‘ilm) a science in itself;
equally, without distinction: ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ رأس‬with foll. genit.) at the head of; at the
end of; at the beginning of, before, prior to; ‫واﻟﻌـﲔ‬‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﺮأس‬wa-l-‘ain) very
gladly; juts as you wish! at your service! ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ رؤوس اﻷﺷـﻬﺎد‬alā r. il-ašhād in
public, for all the world to see; ‫ رأﺳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺐ‬ra’san ‘alā ‘aqbin upside down,
topsy-turvy, e.g., ‫( ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ رأﺳـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻘـﺐ‬qalabahū) to turn s.th. completely
upside down, upset s.th. from the bottom up; ‫( اﻟـﺮأس اﱃ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬qadam) or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫( اﻟـﺮأس اﱃ أﲬـﺺ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬akmaṣi l-qadam) from head to toe; ‫ رﻓـﻊ ﺑـﻪ رأﺳـﺎ‬to pay
attention to s.th.; ‫ رأس اﻵﻓـﺎت‬the principal evil, the root of all evil; ‫رأس ﺗﻨـﻮرة‬
Ras Tanura (cape. E Saudi Arabia, oil center); ‫ﺛـﻮم‬ ‫ رأس‬r. tūm clove of garlic:
‫رأس اﳉﺴــﺮ‬ ‫( رأس ﺣﺎﻣﻴــﺔ‬ḥāmiya) hothead, hotspur,
r. al-jisr bridgehead;
firebrand; ‫ رأس اﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬r. as-sana New Year; ‫ رأس اﻟﻌﻤـﻮد‬r. al-‘amūd capital (of a
Confidential
column or pilaster); ‫ رأس اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب‬letter-head; ‫ رأس اﳌـﺎل‬pl. ‫ رؤوس اﳌـﺎل‬capital
(fin.): ‫اﻟﺮأس‬‫ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ‬masqaṭ, masqiṭ ar-r. birthplace, home town; ‫ ﲰﻂ اﻟﺮأس‬samṭ

ar-r. zenith (astron.); ‫( اﻟﺒﻠﺪ اﻟﺮأس‬balad) the capital city; ‫ رؤوس اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬tiptoes
‫ رأﺳـﻲ‬ra’sī head (adj.), cephalic; main, chief, principal; perpendicular,
vertical
‫ رأﲰﺎﱄ‬ra’s-mālī capitalistic; (pl. -ūn) capitalist
‫ رأﲰﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ra’s-mālīya capitalism
‫ رﺋـﻴﺲ‬ra’īs pl. ‫ رؤﺳـﺎء‬ru’asā’ one at the head, or in charge, of; head;
chieftain; leader; chief, boss; rais; director; head-master, principal,
chairman; governor; president; manager, superintendent; conductor (mus.);
superior (as distinguished from ‫ ﻣـﺮؤوس‬subordinate); (mil.) captain (Ir. 1922.
Leb.; formerly also Syr. And Eg.); ‫( رﺋـﻴﺲ اول‬awwal) military rank between
captain and major (= Fr. capitaine 1ière classe; Ir. 1922, Syr. 1952) | ‫رﺋـﻴﺲ‬
‫ اﻷﺳـﺎﻗﻔﺔ‬archbishop; ‫ رﺋـﻴﺲ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳـﺔ‬r. al-baladīya chief of a municipality, mayor;
‫ رﺋـﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳـﺮ‬editor-in-chief; ‫ رﺋـﻴﺲ ارﻛـﺎن اﳊـﺮب‬r. arkān al-ḥarb chief of general
staff; ‫ رﺋـﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﺸـﺮﻳﻔﺎت‬r. at-tašrīfāt chief of protocol, master of ceremonies (of
538
the king; formerly Ir.); ‫ رأس اﻟﺸـﻤﺎﲰﺔ‬archdeacon; ‫ رﺋـﻴﺲ ﻋﺮﻓـﺎء‬r. ‘urafā’ (mil.)
master sergeant (Ir., Syr.); ‫ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻷﻗﺴـﺎم‬r. al-aqsām technical director general
(of the State Railways; Eg.); ‫ رﺋــﻴﺲ اﻟﻨ ـﻮاب‬r. an-nuwwāb president of
parliament, speaker of the (lower) house; ‫اﳊـﺮب‬ ‫ رﺋﻴﺲ ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ ارﻛـﺎن‬r. hai’at arkān
al-ḥarb chief of general staff; ‫ رﺋـﻴﺲ اﻟـﻮزراء‬r. al-wuzarā’ and ‫ رﺋـﻴﺲ اﻟـﻮزارة‬prime
minister, premier
‫ رﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ra’īsa manageress; directress; mother superior
‫ رﺋﻴﺴـﻲ‬ra’īsī main, chief, principal, leading |‫( دور رﺋﻴﺴـﻲ‬daur) leading role,
leading part; ‫ﺳـﺒﺐ رﺋﻴﺴـﻲ‬ (sabab) principal cause, main reason; ‫ﺷـﺎرع رﺋﻴﺴـﻲ‬
main street; ‫اﻟﻔﻀــﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴــﻴﺔ‬ cardinal virtues (Chr.); ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟــﺔ رﺋﻴﺴــﻴﺔ‬ (maqāla)
editorial, leading article, leader
‫ رﻳـﺲ‬rayyis (= ‫ )رﺋـﻴﺲ‬mate (naval rank; Eg.) |‫( رﺋـﻴﺲ ﳑﺘـﺎز‬mumtāz) a naval
rank (approx. = petty officer 3rd class; Eg. 1939)
‫ ر ﺳــﺔ‬ri’āsa, ‫ ر ﺳــﺔ‬riyāsa (also ‫ )رآﺳــﺔ‬leadership, leading position;
management, direction; chairmanship; presidency, presidentship;
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supervision, superintendency | ‫ ر ﺳـﺔ اﻟـﻮزارة‬prime ministry, premiership; ‫دار‬
‫ اﻟﺮ ﺳﺔ‬presidential palace, seat of the chief executive of a country
‫ ﺗﺮؤس‬tara‘‘us direction, management; chairmanship
‫ رواﺋﺲ‬rawā’is2 cliffs lining river bode (wadis)
‫ ﻣﺮؤوس‬mar’ūs subordinate; (pl. -ūn) a subordinate, a subaltern
‫ رأف‬ra’afa a and ‫ رؤف‬ra’ufa u (‫ رأﻓـﺔ‬ra’fa, ‫ رآﻓـﺔ‬ra’āfa) to show mercy (‫ ب‬on
s.o.), have pity (‫ ب‬with s.o.), be kind, gracious, merciful (‫ ب‬to s.o.) V do.
‫ رأﻓﺔ‬ra’fa and ‫ رآﻓﺔ‬ra’āfa morcy, compassion, pity: kindliness graciousness
‫ رؤوف‬ra’ūf merciful, compassionate; kind, benevolent; gracious
‫ ارأف‬ar’af kindlier, more gracious (‫ ب‬toward)
‫ راﻓﻴﺎ‬rāfiyā raffia, raftia palm
1‫ رأم‬ra’ama a (ra’m) to repair, mend (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
2‫ رﺋـﻢ‬ra’ima a (‫ رﺋﻤـﺎن‬ri’mān) to love tenderly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be very fond (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of);
to treat tenderly, fondle, cares (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ رﺋﻢ‬ri’m pl. ‫ ارآم‬ar’ām white antelope, addax
539
‫ رءوم‬ra’ūm loving, tender (mother to her children)

‫ رام ﷲ‬rāmallāh Ramallah (town in W Jordan, N of Jerusalem)
‫ راﻣﻴﺔ‬rāmiya ramie, a strong, lustrous bast fiber; China jute (bot.)
‫ راوﻧﺪ‬rāwand rhubarb
1‫ رأى‬ra’ā ‫ ﻳـﺮى‬yarā (ra’y, ‫رؤﻳـﺔ‬ ru’ya) to see; to behold, descry, perceive,
notice, observe, discern (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to look (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬at s.th. as), regard (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
as), consider, deem, think (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to be ...); to judge; to be of the opinion
(‫ ان‬that), believe, think (‫ ان‬that); to express one’s opinion; to feel (‫ ان‬that); to
deem appropriate, think proper (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), decide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th., ‫ان‬to do s.th.); to
consider, contemplate |‫ أرأﻳـﺖ‬a-ra’aita tell me! what do you think? ‫رأى رأي‬
‫اﻟﻌـﲔ‬ (ra’ya l-ain) to see with one’s own eyes; ‫( رأى رؤ‬ru’yā) to have a
dream; ‫‘( رأى ﻣﻨـﻪ اﻟﻌﺠـﺐ‬ajaba) to be amazed at s.th.; ‫ رأى ﻟﻠﺸـﻲء ﻓﺎﺋـﺪة‬expect
some benefit from s.th.; ‫واﺟﺒـﻪ‬ ‫( رأى ﻣـﻦ‬min wājibihī) to regard as one’s duty,
deem incumbent upon o.s.; ‫ رأى ﻟـﻪ ان‬to think that it would be in s.o.’s
Confidential
interest to ...; ‫( رأى رأﻳـﻪ‬ra’yahū) to share s.o.’s. opinion; pass.: ‫( رؤي ان‬ru’iya)
it was decided that ...; ‫اﻟﺸﻲء‬ ‫ رؤي‬it was felt proper to do III it was thought to
be the right thing to do ill to act ostentatiously, make a show before people,
attitudinize; to do eyeservice; to behave hypocritically, act the hypocrite,
(dis)simulate, dissemble (‫ ه‬toward s.o.) IV ‫ ارى‬arā to show, demonstrate ( ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ه‬ to s.o. s.th.) ‫ﺗــﺮى‬ yā turā (in interrogative sentences) what’s your
opinion? would you say ...? |I wonder ..., ‫ﺗﺮى‬ ‫ ﻣﱴ‬I wonder when ..., ‫ﺗﺮى ﻫﻞ‬
‫( اﺗﺮاﻫـﺎ ﺟـﺎءت‬a-tarāhā) I wonder if she
wonder if ..., would you say that ...?
has come, would you say she has come? ‫ اﺗﺮاﱐ اﻋﻮد‬would you say I should go
back? V to deem, think, believe VI to present o.s. to or come into s.o.’s (‫)ل‬
view, show o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to appear, seem (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to appear right, seem
appropriate (‫ ل‬to s.o.), be thought proper (‫ ل‬by s.o.); to see one another; to
look at o.s. (in a mirror); to act the hypocrite; to fake, feign, simulate (‫ب‬
s.th.) VIII to consider, contemplate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be of the opinion (‫ ان‬that),
540
decide (‫ ان‬that) | ‫( ار ى رأ‬ra’yan) to have an opinion; ‫( ار ى رأﻳـﻪ‬ra’yahū) to

share s.o.’s opinion
‫ رأي‬ra’y pl. ‫ آراء‬ārā’ opinion, view; idea, notion, concept, conception;
advice, suggestion, proposal; (Isl. Law) subjective opinion, decision hued on
one’s individual judgment (not on Koran and Sunna) | ‫رأﻳـﻲ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬and ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ رأﻳـﻲ‬in
my opinion; ‫ ا ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬا اﻟـﺮأي‬I am of this opinion; ‫ ﻣـﻦ رأﻳـﻪ ان‬he is of the
opinion that ...; ‫( أﺧـﺬ اﻟـﺮأي ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ukida) it was put to the vote, (the matter) was
voted upon; ‫ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻨـﺪ رأﻳﻬـﻢ‬he was not what they had expected; ‫ﱂ ﻳﻜـﻦ ﻟـﻪ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬
‫ رأي‬he had no say in the matter; ‫‘( اﻟـﺮأي اﻟﻌـﺎم‬āmm) public opinion; ‫ ذو اﻟـﺮأي‬pl.
‫ذوو اﻵراء‬ sensible, judicious; man of good sense and judgment; well-
informed, knowledgeable person, one in the know; ‫اﻵراء‬ ‫ ﺗﺒﺎدل‬tabādul al-ārā’,
exchange of views; ‫ ﺻـﻠﺐ اﻟـﺮأي‬ṣulba ar-r. obstinate, stubborn, opinionated;
‫ ﻗﺴـﻢ اﻟـﺮأي‬qism ar-r. committee of experts, council on legal and economio
matters (attached to the ministries; Eg.)
‫ راﻳﺔ‬rāya pl. -āt banner, flag
Confidential
‫ رؤﻳﺔ‬ru’ya seeing, looking, viewing; inspection, examination
‫ رؤ‬ru’ya pl. ‫ رؤى‬ru’an vision; dream | ‫ ﺳـﻔﺮ اﻟـﺮؤ‬sifr ar-r. the ‫ﻫ ـ‬pocalypse
(Chr.)
‫ ﻣـﺮأى‬mar’an sight, view; vision; apparition | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺮأى ﻣـﻦ‬before s.o.’s
eyes; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺮأى وﻣﺴـﻤﻊ ﻣـﻦ‬wa-masma‘in) before the eyes and ears of; with
full knowledge of
‫ ﻣـﺮآة‬mir’āh pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮاء‬marā’in, ‫ ﻣـﺮا‬marāyā looking glass, mirror; reflection,
reflected image
‫ ﻣﺮاﻳﺔ‬mirāya pl. -āt looking glass mirror
‫ ر ء‬ri’ā and ‫ ر ء‬riyā’ eyeservice; hypocrisy, dissimulation; dissemblance;
simulation (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ ﻣـﺮاءاة‬,‫ ﻣـﺮاآة‬murā’āh eyeservice; hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblance;
simulation (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ راء‬rā’in viewer, onlooker, spectator, observer
O ‫ راﺋﻴﺔ‬rā’iya pl. -āt view finder (of a camera)
‫ ﻣﺮﺋﻲ‬mar’īy seen; visible; ‫ اﳌﺮﺋﻴﺎت‬the visible things, the visible world
541
‫ ﻣﺮاء‬murā’in pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاؤون‬murā’ūun hypocrite

2‫ رﺋﺔ‬and ‫ رﺋﻮي‬see ‫رء‬
3 ‫ راي‬rāy an Egyptian variety of salmon

4 ‫ راﻳﺔ‬see 2 ‫رأى‬
‫ رب‬rabba u (rabb, ‫ ر ﺑـﺔ‬ribāba) to be master, be lord, have possession ( ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ه‬of), control (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), have command or authority (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬over); -- u
(rabb) and II to raise, bring up (‫ ه‬a child) II to deify, idolize (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ رب‬rabb pl. ‫ ار ب‬arbāb lord; master; owner, proprietor (Isl. Law); (with
foil. genit.) one possessed of, endowed with, having to do with, etc.; ‫ اﻟﺮب‬the
Lord (= God) |‫ﲝـﺮي‬ ‫( رب‬baḥrī) a naval rank (approx. = seaman; Eg.); ‫رب‬
‫ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠـﺔ‬father of the family, paterfamilias; ‫ ار ب اﻟﺴـﻠﻄﺎن‬a. as-sulṭān the rulers;
‫ ار ب اﳌـﺎل‬the capitalists; ‫ ﺻـﻌﻮد اﻟـﺮب‬the ‫ﻫ ـ‬scension (Chr.); ‫ ار ب اﳌﻌﺎﺷـﺎت‬a. al-
ma’āšāt pensioners; ‫ ار ب اﻟﺴـﻮاﺑﻖ‬those previously convicted; ‫ار ب اﻟﻔﻨــﻮن‬
Confidential
artists
‫ رﺑـﺔ‬rabba pl. -āt mistress; lady |‫ رﺑـﺔ اﳌﻨـﺰل‬r. al-manzil the lady of the house;
‫ رﺑـﺔ اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ‬r. al-bait landlady; ‫ رﺑـﺔ ﺷـﻌﺮﻩ‬r. ši‘rihī his muse; ‫ ر ت اﳊﺠـﺎل‬r. al-ḥijāl
the ladies
‫ رب‬rubb pl. ‫ ر ب‬ribāb, ‫ رﺑـﻮب‬rubūb rob, thickened juice (of fruit): mash,
pulp
‫ رب‬rubba (with fol. indet. genit.) many a, e.g., ‫( رب رﺟـﻞ‬rajulin) many a
man, ‫ﻣﺮة‬ ‫( رب‬marratin) many a time
‫ رﲟﺎ‬rubbamā sometimes; perhaps, maybe, possibly
‫ رﺑﺔ‬rabba, ribba a kind of skin eruption affecting the head and face
‫ ر ب‬rabāib, ‫ ر ﺑـﺔ‬rabāba rebab or rebec, a stringed instrument of the ‫ﻫ ـ‬rabs
resembling the fiddle, with one to three strings (in Eg. usually two-stringed)
‫ رﺑﻴــﺐ‬rabīb pl. -āt ‫ ار ء‬aribbā’ foster son, stepson; foster father;
confederate, ally
‫ رﺑﻴﺒﺔ‬rabība pl. ‫ ر ﺋـﺐ‬rabā’ib2 foster daughter, stepdaughter; foster mother;
(woman) ally
‫ رﺑﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬rubūbīya divinity, deity, godship
542
‫ ر ن‬rubbān pl. -īya, ‫ ر ﺑﻨـﺔ‬rabābina captain, skipper; a naval rank, approx.

= captain, ‫ن‬ ‫( ر ن‬tānin) approx. = commander (Eg. 1939)
‫ ر ﱐ‬rabbānī divine; pertaining to God | ‫ اﻟﺮ ﻧﻴـﺎت‬divine things; ‫اﻟﺼـﻼة اﻟﺮ ﻧﻴـﺔ‬
(ṣalāh) the Lord’s Prayer (Chr.)
‫( ﻣﺮﺑﺔ‬eg.) mirabba (= ‫ ﻣﺮﰉ‬murabban) jam, preserved fruit
‫ راب‬rābb stepfather
‫ راﺑﺔ‬rābba stepmother
‫ ر‬raba’a a to hold in esteem, esteem highly (‫ ب‬s.o.); If '! 4J to consider
s.o. above s.th., above doing s.th., have too high an oplnion of s.o. as to
suspect him of (doing) s.th. or as to expect him to do s.th.; ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫( ر ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬bi.-
nafsii) to deem o.s. above s.th., be too proud for, stand aloof from
‫ رﺑﻴﺌﺔ‬rabī’a pl. ‫ ر‬rabāya guard
‫ رﺑـﺖ‬rabata i (rabt) to pat, caress, stroke (‫ ه‬s.o.) II do. |‫رﺑـﺖ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺧـﺪﻩ‬
(kaddihi) to pat s.o.’s cheek; ‫رﺑــﺖ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛﺘﻔـﻪ‬ (katifihi) to pat s.o. on the
shoulder; ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ رﺑﺖ‬to be self-satisfied, self-complacent, smug
Confidential
to
‫ رﺑـﺢ‬rabiḥa a (ribḥ, rabaḥ) to gain (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻣـﻦ‬from s.th. s.th.), profit (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from);
win (sports, games) |‫( ﻣــﺎ رﲝــﺖ ﲡــﺎر ﻢ‬tijāratuhum) their business was
unprofitable II and IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) gain, allow s.o. (‫ )ه‬a profit

‫ رﺑـﺢ‬ribḥ pl. ‫ ار ح‬arbāḥ gain, profit; benefit; interest (on money); pl.
proceeds, returns, revenues; O dividends |‫ﺑﺴـﻴﻂ‬ ‫ رﺑـﺢ‬simple interest, ‫رﺑـﺢ ﻣﺮﻛـﺐ‬
(murakkab) compound interest
‫ ر ح‬rabbāḥ pl. ‫ ر ﺑﻴﺢ‬rabābīḥ2 monkey
‫ ارﺑﺢ‬arbaḥ2 more profitable, more lucrative
‫ ﻣﺮاﲝـﺔ‬murābaḥ (Isl. Law) resale with specification of gain, resale with an
advance
‫ راﺑــﺢ‬rābiḥ profiteer, gainer, winner; beneficiary; lucrative, gainful,
profitable (business)
‫ ﻣﺮﺑﺢ‬murbiḥ lucrative, gainful, profitable
‫ رﺑـﺪ‬V to become clouded, become overcast (sky); to turn ashen, take on a
glowering expression (face, with anger) IX to become ashen, assume a
glowering expression (face)
‫ ﻣﺮﺑﺪ‬murbadd clouded; gloomy, morose (face)
543
‫ رﺑـﺺ‬rabaṣa u (rabṣ) to wait, look, watch, be on the lookout (‫ ب‬for) V to

lurk, lie in wait (‫ ل‬for s.o.), waylay, ambush (‫ ل‬s.o.); to lay an ambush,
move into an ambush; to take up positions (mil.); to expect (‫ب‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.th.),
wait (‫ب‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ for s.th.) |‫اﻟﻔﺮﺻــﺔ‬ ‫ﺗـﺮﺑﺺ‬ (furṣata) to wait (or look) for an
opportunity; ‫( ﺗـﺮﺑﺺ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬amra) to wait for s.th. to befall s.o. or to happen to
s.o., e.g., ; ‫ ﺗﺮﺑﺺ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺪواﺋﺮ‬to wait; for s.o. to meet with disaster
‫ ﺗﺮﺑﺺ‬tarabbuṣ probationary term (adm.)
‫ ﻣﱰﺑﺺ‬mutarabbiṣ candidate, aspirant
‫ رﺑـﺾ‬rabaḍa (rabḍ, rubūd) to lie down; to lie, rest (animals; with the chest
to the ground); to lurk (‫ ل‬for s.o.)
‫ رﺑﺾ‬rabaḍ pl. ‫ ار ض‬arbāḍ outskirts, suburb; place where animals lie down
to rest
‫ ﻣـﺮﺑﺾ‬marbaḍ pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮاﺑﺾ‬marābiḍ2 place where animals lie down to rest;
sheep pen, fold
Confidential
‫ رﺑﻂ‬rabaṭa u i (rabṭ) to bind, tie up, make fast, moor (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to tie, fasten,
attach, hitch (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫اﱃ‬ s.th. to); to connect (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫اﱃ‬ s.th. with); to fix, appoint,
determine (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to value, rate, assess (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to add, append, affix (‫اﱃ ﻫـ‬
s.th. to); to insert (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ اﱃ‬s.th. in); to combine, unite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﺑـﲔ – وﺑـﲔ‬s.th.
with); to ligate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), apply a tourniquet (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to bandage, dress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
wound); to bridle, check (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to brake (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a train); to suspend (‫ ه‬a
cleric; Chr.) |‫( رﺑـﻂ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬lisānahū) to silence s.o.; ‫( رﺑـﻂ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬qalbihī) to
fortify s.o., give s.o. patience (said of God); ‫( رﺑـﻂ ﺟﺄﺷـﻪ‬ja’šahū) to keep
one’s self-control, remain calm, be undismayed; ‫ رﺑـﻂ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬to practice
highway robbery III to be lined up, posted, stationed (troops); to line up,
take up positions; to be moored (ship); to move into fighting positions | ‫راﺑـﻂ‬
‫ﰲ ﻗﻀـﻴﺘﻪ‬ (qaḍīyatihī) to defend the cause of, fight for VIII to bind o.s.,
commit o.s. engage o.s.; to be bound (‫ ب‬by, also, e.g., by an obligation), be
tied (‫ ب‬to); to be linked, be connected (‫ ب‬with); to depend (‫ ب‬on); to unite,
join forces
544
‫ رﺑﻂ‬rabṯ binding, tying; fastening, joining, attaching, connecting; fixation,

determination (of an amount, of a number); valuation, assessment | ‫ﻣـﺎﱄ‬ ‫رﺑـﻂ‬
financial allocation; ‫واﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ اﻫﻞ اﳊﻞ‬ahl al-ḥall wa-r. infIuentiBJ people, those
in power; ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ ﻣﻜﺎن‬makān ar-r. (welded) seam, weld (techn.)
‫ رﺑﻂ‬rabaṭ (tun.) section, quarter (of a city), suburb
‫ رﺑﻂ‬rabṭa pl. -āt, ‫ ر ط‬ribāṭ ribbon, band, bandage; bundle; parcel, package
|‫اﻟﺮﻗﺒـﺔ‬ ‫ رﺑﻄـﺔ‬r. ar-raqaba necktie; ‫ رﺑـﻂ اﻟﺴـﺎق‬r. as-sāq garter; ‫ رﺑﻄـﺔ اﻟﻨﻘـﻮد‬money
purse
‫ ر ط‬ribāṭ pl. -āt, ‫ رﺑـﻂ‬rubuṭ, ‫ ارﺑﻄـﺔ‬ar-biṭa ribbon, band; ligature, ligament;
bandage; dressing (of a wound); bond, fetter, shackle; -- suspension (of a
cleric; Chr.); (pl. -āt, ‫ رﺑـﻂ‬rubuṭ) inn for travelers, caravansary; hospice (for
Sufis or the poor) |‫ ر ط اﻻﺟﺮﺑـﺔ‬r. al-ajriba garter; ‫ ر ط اﳉﺰﻣـﺔ‬r. al-jazma
shoestring; ‫اﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ ر ط‬r. ar-raqaba necktie

‫ ر ط‬ribāṭ, ‫ ر ط اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ribāṭ al-fatḥ Rabat (capital of Morocco)
Confidential
(el.)
‫ ر ط اﳉﺄش‬ribāṭ al-ja’š composure, self-control, calmness, intrepidity
‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻂ‬marbiṭ, marbaṭ pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺑﻂ‬marābiṭ2 place where aniimals are tied up
‫ ﻣـﺮﺑﻂ‬mirbaṭ pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮاﺑﻂ‬marābiṭ2 hawser, mooring cable; rope; O terminal
‫ ارﺗﺒـﺎط‬irtibāṭ connectedness, connection, link; contact, liaison; tie (‫ ب‬to);

obligation, engagement, commitment; bearing (‫ ب‬on), connection ((‫ب‬
with), relation (‫ ب‬to); unity; league, confederation | ‫ارﺗﺒـﺎط‬ ‫ﺑـﺪون‬bidūn irt, not
binding, without obligation (com.); ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ‬liaison officer
‫ راﺑﻂ اﳉﺄش‬rābiṭ al-ja’š composed, calm, unruffled, undismayed, fearless
‫ راﺑﻄــﺔ‬rābiṭa pl. ‫ رواﺑــﻂ‬rawābiṭ2 band; bond, tie; connection, link;
confederation, union, league | ‫اﻟﺼـﺪاﻗﺔ‬ ‫ رواﺑـﻂ‬r. aṣ-ṣadāqa bonds of friendship;
‫( اﻟﺮاﺑﻄﺔ اﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬Islāmīya) the Moslem League
‫ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط‬marbūṭ bound; connected; fastened, tied, moored (‫ اﱃ‬to); fixed,
appointed; fixed salary; estimate (of the budget)
‫ ﻣـﺮاﺑﻂ‬murābiṭ posted, stationed; garrisoned (troops); Marabout | ‫اﳉـﻴﺶ‬
‫( اﳌﺮﺑﻮط‬jaiš) the Territorial Army (Eg.)
545
‫ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬murtabiṭ connected, linked (‫ ب‬with); bound, committed (‫ ب‬by);

depending, conditional (‫ ب‬on)
‫ رﺑـﻊ‬raba‘a a to gallop (horse); -- to sit; to squat; to stay, live II to
quadruple, multiply by four, increase fourfold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to square (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
number) V to sit or sit down cross-legged; to sit | ‫‘(ﺗﺮﺑـﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻌـﺮش‬arš) to
mount the throne, sit on the throne
‫ رﺑـﻊ‬rab‘ pl. ‫ رﺑـﻮع‬rubū‘, ‫ ر ع‬ribā‘, ‫ ار ع‬arbā‘, ‫ ارﺑـﻊ‬arba‘ home, residence,
quarters; pl. ‫ رﺑـﻮع‬region, area territory, lands; ‫رﺑـﻊ‬ (group of) people | ‫اﻟﺮﺑـﻊ‬
‫اﳋﺎﱄ‬Rub‘ al Khali (desert region in S Arabia)
‫ رﺑﻊ‬rib‘: ‫ ﲪﻰ اﻟﺮﺑﻊ‬ḥummā r-rib‘ quartan (fever)
‫ رﺑﻊ‬rub‘ pl. ‫ار ع‬arbā‘ quarter, fourth part; roubouh, a dry measure (Eg. =
8.25 = ‫ﻗــﺪح‬ l); (syr.) 25-piaster piece |‫ﺳــﻨﻮي‬ ‫رﺑــﻊ‬ r. sanawī quarterly,
trimestral
‫ رﺑﻌﻲ‬rub‘ī quarterly, trimestral
Confidential
‫ رﺑﻌـﺔ‬rab‘a: ‫ رﺑﻌـﺔ اﻟﻘـﻮام‬r. al-qiwām and ‫ رﺑﻌـﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻣـﺔ‬r. al-qāma (m. and f.) or
medium height, medium sized
‫ رﺑﻌﺔ‬rub‘a robhah, a dry measure (Eg.; = 0.516 = ‫ ﻗﺪح‬l)
‫ ر ع‬rabbā‘ athlete (boxer, wrestler, weight lifter, etc.)
‫ رﺑﻴـﻊ‬rabī‘ spring, springtime, vernal season; name of the third and fourth
months of the Muslim year (‫اﻷول‬ ‫ رﺑﻴﻊ‬r. al-awwali Rabia I, and ‫ رﺑﻴﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬r. at-
tānī Rabia Il); quarter, fourth part
‫ ارﺑﻌﺔ‬arba‘a (f. ‫ ارﺑﻊ‬arba‘) four |‫ ذوات اﻷرﺑﻊ‬dawāt al-arba‘ the quadrupeds
‫ ارﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬arba‘ata ‘ašara (f. ‫ ارﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮة‬arba‘a ‘ašarata) fourteen
‫ ارﺑﻌـﻮن‬arba‘ūn forty; ‫ اﻷرﺑﻌـﻮن‬a ceremony held on the 40th day after s.o.’s
death |‫اﻷرﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻴﺪ‬īd al-a. Ascension Day (Chr.)
‫ ر ﻋــﻲ‬rubā‘ī consisting or four, quadripartite, fourfold, quadruple;
quadrangular; tetragonal; (gram.) consisting of four radical letters,
quadriliteral; quartet; (pl. -āt) quatrain (poet.) |‫ﻋـﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣـﺆﲤﺮ ر‬mu’tamar) four-
power conference; ‫ ر ﻋــﻲ اﻷﺿــﻼع‬quadrilateral; ‫ ر ﻋــﻲ اﻷرﺟــﻞ‬r. l-arjul
quadruped(al), four-footed; ‫ ﳏﺮك ر ﻋـﻲ اﳌﺸـﻮار‬muḥarrik r. l-mišwār four-cycle
engine
546
‫ اﻷرﺑﻌﺎء‬al-arba‘ā’, al-arbi‘ā’, ‫ ﻳﻮم اﻷرﺑﻌﺎء‬yaum al-a. Wednesday

‫ ﻳﺮﺑﻮع‬yarbū‘ pl. ‫ ﻳﺮاﺑﻴﻊ‬yarābī‘ jerboa (Jaculus jaculus; zool.)
‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬marba‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺑﻊ‬marābi‘ meadow
‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴـﻊ‬tarbī‘ lunar quarter; -- (pl. ‫ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴـﻊ‬tarābī‘2) quadrangle; square, plaza
(surrounded by houses) |‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻊ‬quadrature or the circle
‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻌـﺔ‬tarbī‘a pl. ‫ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴـﻊ‬tarābī‘2 square, quadrangle; square, plaza; square
panel; tile, floor tile
‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻌﻲ‬tarbī‘ī quadratic, square
‫ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ar-rābi‘ the fourth; ‫ راﺑﻌﺎ‬fourthly, in the fourth place
‫ راﺑﻊ‬rābi‘ (due to erroneous pointing) = ‫ راﺋﻊ‬q.v.
‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻮع‬marbū‘ of medium height, medium-sized
‫ ﻣﺮﺑــﻊ‬murabba‘ fourfold, quadruple; quadragular; tetragonal; square,
quadratic; quadrangle; square; (pl. -āt) quadrangular piece; quartet |‫ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ‬ ‫ﻣـﱰ‬
(mitr) square meter; ‫اﻷﺿﻼع‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ quadrilateral (math.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ‬murabba‘a pl. -āt section, district, area
‫ ﻣﺮاﺑـﻊ‬murābi‘ partner in an agricultural enterprise (sharing one quarter of
the gains or losses)
‫ ﺟﻠﺲ ﻣﱰﺑﻌﺎ‬jalasa mutarabbi‘an to sit crosslegs
‫ راﺑﻎ‬rābig pleasant, comfortable
‫ رﺑﻖ‬ribq lasso, lariat
‫ رﺑﻘﺔ‬ribqa, rabqa pl. ‫ رﺑﻖ‬ribaq, ‫ ر ق‬ribāq, ‫ ار ق‬arbāq noose
‫ رﺑـﻚ‬rabaka u (rabk) to muddle, entangle, complicate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to confuse,
throw into confusion (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); -- rabika a (rabak) to be in an
involved, confused situation VIII to be confused; to become involved (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ رﺑﻚ‬rabak involved, confused situation
‫ رﺑﻚ‬rabik: confused; in trouble, beset by difficulties
‫ ارﺗﺒـﺎك‬irtibāk pl. -āt entanglement, involvement; snarl, tangle, muddle,
mess; confusion; embarrassment; upset (of the stomach)
‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻚ‬murabbik confusing, bewildering, disconcerting
547
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺒـ ــﻚ‬murtabik; confused, complicated, involved; bewildered,

disconcerted, embarrassed; involved (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ رﺑﻞ‬rabil plump, fleshy, fat (person)
‫ رﺑﻠﻲ‬rablī, rabalī fleshy
‫ رﺑﻠﺔ‬rabla pl. rabalāt (mass of) flesh (of the body)
‫ رﺑﻴﻞ‬rabīl fleshy, corpulent, fat
‫ ر ﻟﺔ‬rabāla corpulence
‫ رﲟﺎ‬see ‫رب‬
‫ )ر )رﺑـﻮ‬rabā u (‫ ر ء‬rabā’, ‫ رﺑـﻮ‬rubūw) to increase; to grow; to grow up; to
exceed, (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a number, also ‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, be more than (‫اﳌﺌـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ( |ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺮﺑـﻮ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬more
than a hundred II to make or let grow; to raise, rear, bring up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
educate; to teach, instruct (‫ ه‬a child); to breed, raise (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., poultry, cattle);
to develop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a method) III to practice usury IV to make grow,
augment, increase (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to exceed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a number, an age, a measure) V
Confidential
to be brought up, be educated; to be bred, be raised
‫ رﺑﻮ‬rabw dyspnea, asthma
‫ رﺑﻮة‬rubwa (rabwa, ribwa) pl. ‫ رﰉ‬ruban hill
‫ رﺑﻮة‬ribwa pl. -āt ten thousand, myriad
‫ ر‬riban interest; usurious interest; usury
‫ رﺑﻮى‬ribawī usurious
‫ ر ء‬rabā’ surplus, excess; superiority (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over s.o.); favor
‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴــﺔ‬tarbiya education, upbringing; teaching, instruction; pedagogy;
breeding, raising (of animals) |‫اﻟﱰﺑﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺳـﻴﺊ‬ sayyi’ at-t. ill-bred; ‫ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﱰﺑﻴـﺔ‬ ill-
bred, uncivil, ill-mannered; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﱰﺑﻴـﺔ‬ilm at-t. pedagogy, pedagogics; ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬
‫ اﻷﻃﻔــﺎل‬baby care; ‫( اﻟﱰﺑﻴــﺔ اﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴــﺔ‬badanīya) physical education, physical
training; ‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﳊﻴﻮان‬t. al-ḥayawān cattle farming, stockbreeding; ‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﺟﺎج‬t.
ad-dajāj chicken farming, poultry husbandry; ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴــﺔ اﻟﺴــﻤﻚ‬ t. as-samak

pisciculture; ‫ت‬ ‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎ‬t. an-nabātāt plant cultivation
‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻮي‬tarbawī, ‫ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻮي‬tarbiyawī pedagogic, pedagogical
548
‫ راﺑﻴﺔ‬rābiya pl. ‫ رواب‬rawābin hill

‫ ﻣــﺮب‬murabbin pl. ‫ ﻣﺮﺑــﻮن‬murabbūn educator; pedagogue; breeder (of
livestock)
‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬murabbiya pl. -āt tutoress, governess; dry nurse, nursemaid
‫ ﻣـﺮﰉ‬murabban raised, brought up; educated; well-bred, well-mannered;
jam, preserved fruit; pl. ‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻴﺎت‬murabbayāt preserves
‫ ﻣﺮاب‬murābin usurer
‫ ﻣﱰب‬mutarabbin well-bred, well-mannered
‫( رﺑﻮر ج‬Fr. reportage) pl. -āt reportage, report
‫ ارت‬aratt2, f. ‫ ر ء‬rattā’2, pl. ‫ رت‬rutt afflicted with a speech defect
‫ رﺗﺐ‬II to array, arrange, dispose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. in a regular sequence or order); to
decorate, dress (iii a show window); to settle, determine, regulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to put into proper order, put together (‫ ﻫ ـ‬words); to prepare, set aside,
earmark (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fix, appoint (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ل‬a salary for s.o.); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
result or accrue (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬from), derive (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) the
result or consequence of (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬V to fall in line; to be arranged, organized or
set up (along the lines of); to be set aside, be assigned; to be subordinate
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.), be the result or consequence (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), result, follow, derive,
spring (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬from), be caused (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬by) |‫ﺑﺬﻣﺘـﻪ‬ ‫( ﺗﺮﺗـﺐ‬bi-dimmatihī) to become
the debtor of s.o.
‫ رﺗﺒـﺔ‬rutba pl. ‫ رﺗـﺐ‬rutab degree, grade, level; rank, standing, station; class,
quality; (mil.) rank; clerical rank, order (of the Christian ministry); religious
ceremony (Chr.) |‫اﻟﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ ﻛﺘﺎب‬ritual (of the Roman Catholic Church)
‫ ر ﺑﺔ‬ratāba monotony
‫ رﺗﻴﺐ‬ratīb monotonous
‫ رﺗﺒﺎء‬rutabā’2 noncommissioned officers (Syr.; mil.)
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬martaba pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ‬marātib2 step; a steplike elevation serving as a seat;
mattress; grade, degree, rank, class |‫اﻷوﱃ‬ ‫( ﰲ اﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬ūlā) first (mortgage)
‫ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ‬tartīb pl. -āt order, arrangement, array; sequence, succession; make-
up, setup; layout (of a complex, e.g., of houses); organization; preparation,
arrangement, provision, measure, step; rite of administering a sacrament
549
(Chr.) |‫ ﻟﺮﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ‬one by one, in proper succession; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻏﲑﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ‬disorderly, in

confusion
‫ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﱯ‬tartībī ordinal |‫‘( ﻋﺪد ﺗﺮﺗﻴﱯ‬adad) ordinal number .
‫ راﺗـﺐ‬rātib monotonous; (pl. ‫ رواﺗـﺐ‬rawātib2 salary, pay, emolument; pl.
‫ رواﺗﺐ‬certain supererogatory exercises of devotion
‫ ﻣﺮﺗـﺐ‬murattab arranged; organized, set up, regulated, etc.; (pl. -āt) salary,
pay, emolument
‫ رﺗـﺞ‬rataja u (ratj) to look, bar, bolt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the door); -- ratija a (rataj) to be
tonguetied, be speechless, falter IV pass. ‫( ارﺗـﺞ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬urtija) words failed him,
he was speechless, he didn't know what to say, he was at a loss
‫ ر ج‬ritāj pl. ‫ رﺗـﺞ‬rutuj, ‫ ر ﺋـﺞ‬ratā’ij2 gate, gateway I eli)1 p muḥkam ar-r.
firmly bolted (gate)
‫ رﺗـﻊ‬rata‘a a (rat‘,‫ رﺗـﻮع‬rutū‘, ‫ ر ع‬ritā‘) to pasture, graze; to gormandize,
carouse, feast; to revel, indulge freely (‫ ﰲ‬in) IV to pasture, put out to graze
(‫ ﻫـ‬cattle)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮﺗـﻊ‬marta‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺗـﻊ‬marāti‘2 rich grazing land, pasture; fertile ground (‫ل‬
for; fig.); breeding ground, hotbed (of vice, of evil, etc.)
‫ رﺗﻖ‬rataqa u i (ratq) to mend, repair, patch up, sew up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رﺗﻖ‬ratq pl. ‫ رﺗﻮق‬rutūq patching, mending, repair; dam (of a stocking)
‫ رﺗﻚ‬rataka u i, (ratk, ratak, ‫ رﺗﻜﺎن‬ratakān) to run with abort steps, trot
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﻚ‬martak litharge (chem.)
‫ رﺗـﻞ‬ratila a (ratal) to be regular, well-ordered, neat, tidy II to phrase
elegantly (‫ اﻟﻜﻼم‬al-kalāma one’s words); to psalmodize, recite in a singsong;
to sing, chant (‫ ﻫـ‬spiritual songs, hymns; Chr.)
‫ رﺗﻞ‬ratl pl. ‫ ار ل‬artāl railroad train |‫( رﺗﻞ آﱄ‬ālī) motorized convoy (mil.)
‫ رﺗﻴﻼء‬rutailā’2 harvestman (Phalangium), daddy longlegs; tarantula
‫ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﻞ‬tartīl slow recitation of the Koran (a technical term of tajwīd);
psalmodizing, psalmody, singsong recitation; singing, chanting (of hymns,
etc.; Chr.); -- (pl. ‫ ﺗﺮاﺗﻴﻞ‬tarātīl2) hymn; religious song (Chr.)
‫ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﻠﺔ‬tartīla pl. ‫ ﺗﺮاﺗﻴﻞ‬tarātīl2 hymn
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﻞ‬murattal church singer; choirboy, chorister (Chr.); singer, chanter
550
‫ رﰎ‬ratama i (ratm) to utter, say (‫ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬bi-kalima a word; only with neg.)

‫ رﰎ‬ratam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬retem (Retama raetam Webb., Genista raetam
Forsk.; bot.)
‫ رﲤﺔ‬ratma and ‫ رﺗﻴﻤﺔ‬ratīma pl. ‫ ر ﺋﻢ‬ratā’im2, ‫ ر م‬ritām thread wound around
one’s finger as a reminder
‫ )ر )رﺗﻮ‬ratā u and II ‫ رﺗﻰ‬rattā to mend, darn (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., stockings)
‫( رﺗﻮش‬Fr. retouche) ritūš retouch
‫ رﺗﻴﻨﺞ‬ratīnaj (= ‫ )راﺗﻴﻨﺞ‬resin
‫( رﺗﻴﻨﺔ‬It. retina) ratīna pl. ‫ ر ﺋﻦ‬ratā’in2 incandescent mantle
‫ رث‬ratta i (‫ ر ﺛـﺔ‬ratāta, ‫ رﺛﻮﺛـﺔ‬rutūta) to be ragged, tattered, shabby. worn
(garment)
‫ رث‬ratt pl. ‫ ر ث‬ritāt old, shabby, worn, threadbare |‫ رث اﳍﻴﺌـﺔ‬r. al-hai’a of
shabby appearance
‫ رﺛﺔ‬ritta old, outmoded things, worn clothes
‫ رﺛﻴﺚ‬ratīt old, .habby, worn, threadbare
Confidential
‫ ر ﺛﺔ‬ratāta shabbiness, raggedness
‫ رﺛﻮﺛﺔ‬rutūta shabbiness, raggedness
‫ )رﺛـﻮ‬and ‫ رﺛـﻲ( ر‬ratā u (ratw) to bewail, lament, celebrate in an elegy, in a
funeral oration (‫ ه‬a deceased person); -- ‫رﺛـﻰ‬ ratā i (raty, ‫رء‬ ritā’, ‫ﻣﺮﺛﻴـﺔ‬
martiya, ‫ ﻣـﺮ ة‬martāh) to bewail, lament, bemoan (‫ ه‬a deceased person); to
elegize, celebrate in an elegy, in a funeral oration (‫ ه‬a deceased person); to
mourn (‫ ل‬for, over), deplore (‫ ل‬s.o. or s.th.); to pity (‫ ل‬s.o.), feel sorry (‫ل‬
for) |‫ ر ﻩ ﲟـﺮ ة‬to elegize s.o. (a deceased person), bewail and celebrate him in
an elegy; ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫( ﺷﻲء ﻳﺮﺛﻰ‬yurtā) a deplorable, regrettable thing
‫ رﺛﻰ‬raty bewailing, bemoaning, lamentation
‫ ر ء‬ritā’ bewailing, bemoaning, lamentation; regret; elegiac poetry
‫ رﺛﻴﺔ‬ratya pl. ratayāt arthritis, gout
‫ ﻣﺮﺛﻴـﺔ‬martiya and ‫ ﻣـﺮ ء‬martā’ pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮاث‬marātin elegy, dirge, epicedium; pl.
‫ ﻣﺮاث‬funeral orations
‫ رج‬raja u (rajj) to convulse, shake, rock (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); pass. rujja to be shaken,
tremble, shake, quake VIII to be convulsed, shake, tremble, quake
551
‫ رج‬rajj shaking, rocking, convulsion

‫ رﺟﺔ‬rajja convulsion; shook, concussion
‫ رﺟﺎج‬rajjāj trembling, quaking, shaking, rocking
‫ ارﲡﺎج‬irtijāj shock, concussion; trembling, tremor | O ‫ ارﲡﺎج اﳌﺦ‬irt. al-mukk
cerebral concussion (med.)
‫ رﺟﺄ‬IV to postpone, adjourn, defer, put off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ارﺟﺎء‬irjā’ postponement, deferment, adjournment
‫ رﺟـﺐ‬rajaba u and rajiba a (rajab) to be afraid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), be awed (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬by)
‫ رﺟﺐ‬rajab Rajab, the seventh month of the Muslim year
‫ رﺟﺢ‬rajaḥa a i u (‫ رﺟﻮح‬rujūḥ, ‫ رﺟﺤﺎن‬rujḥān) to incline (scale of a balance);
to weigh more, be of greater weight; to preponderate, predominate; to
surpass, excel (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be very likely (‫ ان‬that), ‫ان‬ ‫ رﺟـﺢ ﻋﻨـﺪﻩ‬it appeared to
him most likely that ...; -- to weigh (‫ﺑﻴـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in the hand) II to make (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) outweigh (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. else), give preponderance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over); to
Confidential
think (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) weightier; to prefer (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to), give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) preference
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to), favor (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. more than); to think likely or probable (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ان‬
that) V to carry greater weight, be weightier, preponderate; to swing back
and forth, pendulate; to rock; to seesaw, tester VIII to swing back and forth,
pendulate; to rook; to seesaw, tester
‫ رﺟﺎﺣﺔ‬rajāḥa forbearance, indulgence, leniency; composure, equanimity
‫ رﺟﺤــﺎن‬rujḥān preponderance, predominance (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬over), ascendancy,
superiority
‫ ارﺟـﺢ‬arjaḥ2 superior in weight, preponderant; having more in its favor,
more acceptable; preferable; more likely, more probable | ‫ اﻷرﺟﺢ ان‬it is most
likely that ...; probably ...; ‫اﻷرﺟﺢ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬probably, in all probability
‫ ارﺟﺤﻴﺔ‬arjaḥīya preponderance, predominance, prevalence
‫ ارﺟﻮﺣﺔ‬urjūḥa pl. ‫ اراﺟﻴﺢ‬arājīḥ2 seesaw; swing; cradle
‫ راﺟـﺢ‬rājiḥ) superior in weight, preponderant; having more in its favor,
more acceptable; preferable; probable, likely
‫ ﻣﺮﺟﻮﺣﺔ‬marjūḥa pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻴﺢ‬marājīḥ2 seesaw; swing
‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ‬murajjaḥ preponderant, predominant; probable, likely
552
‫ رﺟﺮج‬rajraja and II tarajraja to tremble, quiver; to sway

‫ رﺟـﺮاج‬rajrāj agitated; trembling, tremulous; swaying; quivering; ‫ اﻟﺮﺟـﺮاج‬the
sea
1 ‫رﺟـﺰ‬VIII to compose or declaim poems in the meter rajaz; to thunder,
roar, surge (sea)
‫ رﺟﺰ‬rujz, rijz punishment (inflicted by God); dirt, filth
‫ رﺟﺰ‬rajaz name of a poetical meter
‫ ارﺟﺎز‬arjāz verses in the meter rajaz; little (work) song
‫ ارﺟﻮزة‬urjūza pl. ‫ اراﺟﻴﺰ‬arājīz2 poem in the meter rajaz
2‫ ارﺟﻮز‬look up alphabetically
‫ رﺟـﺲ‬rajisa a (rajs) and rajusa u (‫ رﺟﺎﺳـﺔ‬rajāsa) to be dirty, filthy; to

commit a shameful act, do s.th. disgraceful or dirty
‫ رﺟﺲ‬rijs pl. ‫ ارﺟﺎس‬arjās dirt, filth; dirty thing or act, atrocity
‫ رﺟﺲ‬rajas pl. ‫ ارﺟﺎس‬arjās dirt, filth
‫ رﺟﺲ‬rajis dirty, filthy
Confidential
‫ رﺟﺎﺳﺔ‬rajāsa dirt, squalor
‫ رﺟﺎس‬rajjās roaring, surging (sea); thundering
‫ رﺟـﻊ‬raja‘a i (‫ رﺟـﻮع‬rujū‘) to come back, come again, return; to recur; to
resort, turn (‫ اﱃ‬to); to recommence, begin again, resume (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to fall
back (‫ اﱃ‬on), go back, revert (‫ اﱃ‬to); to look up (‫ اﱃ‬s.th. in a book), consult

(‫ اﱃ‬a book); to go back, be traceable (‫ اﱃ‬to), be attributable (‫ان‬ ‫ اﱃ‬to the fact
that ...), derive, stem, spring (‫ اﱃ‬from); ‫رﺟـﻊ ﺑـﻪ اﱃ‬ to reduce s.th. to (its
elements, or the like); to depend (‫ اﱃ‬on); to be due, belong by right (‫ اﱃ‬to);
to fall under s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬jurisdiction, be s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬bailiwick; to desist, refrain

(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to withdraw (‫ﻋـﻦ‬, also ‫ ﰲ‬e.g., what one has said), revoke,
countermand, repeal, cancel (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬e.g., a decision); to turn against s.o.
(‫ﻓـﻼن‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ(; رﺟـﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to claim restitution of s.th. from s.o.; to demand,
claim (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬from s.o.); to entail, involve (‫ ب‬s.th., a consequence); to
have a good effect (‫ ﰲ‬on), be successful (‫ ﰲ‬with) |‫‘( رﺟـﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻘﺒـﻪ‬aqbihī) pl.
‫( رﺟﻌـﻮا ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻋﻘـﺎ ﻢ‬a‘qābihim) to retrace one's steps, go back the way one
553
came; ‫( رﺟـﻊ اﱃ اﻟﺼـﺤﺔ‬ṣiḥḥa) to regain one’s health; ‫( رﺟـﻊ اﱃ ﺻـﻮاﺑﻪ‬ṣawābihī)

to come to one's senses; ‫ رﺟﻊ اﱃ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬to watch o.s., examine o.s.; ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ذﻟﻚ اﱃ‬
‫ ان‬this is due to the fact that ...; ‫( ﻳﺮﺟـﻊ اﻟﺴـﺒﺐ اﱃ‬sabab) the reason is to be
found in ...; ‫رﺟﻌـﺖ ﺑـﻪ اﻟـﺬاﻛﺮة اﱃ‬ he recalled, remembered ...; ‫رﺟـﻊ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻣـﻪ‬
(kalāmihī) to go back on one’s word II to cause to come back or return; to
return, give back; to send back; to turn away (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from); to sing or
chant in a vibrant, quavering tone; to echo, reverberate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |‫رﺟـﻊ ﺻـﺪاﻩ‬
(ṣadāhū) to return the echo of s.th., echo s.th. III to return, come back (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
to); to revert
‫ رﺟﻌــﻊ‬rujū‘ return; reverting, coming back (‫ اﱃ‬to); recourse (‫ اﱃ‬to);
traceability (‫ اﱃ‬to); revocation, withdrawal, retraction (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬of s.th.);
resignation, surrender (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.th.); reclamation; recall; restitution, return
|‫اﻟﱪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ ﺑﺮﺟﻮع‬by return mail

‫ رﺟﻴﻊ‬rajī‘ excrement
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮﺟـﻊ‬marji‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟـﻊ‬marāji‘ return; authority to which one turns or
appeals; place of refuge, retreat; recourse resort; authority, responsible
agency; source (esp. scientific), authoritative reference work; resource;
source to which s.th. goes back or to which s.th. can be attributed; starting
point, origin; recourse (jur.) | ‫ﻣﺮﺟــﻊ اﻟﻨﻈ ــﺮ‬m. An-naẓar jurisdiction,
competence; ‫ اﳌﺮﺟـﻊ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬he is the one to turn to; ‫ اﳌﺮﺟـﻊ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ اﱃ‬I am thereby
referring to …; ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸـﻲء اﱃ‬this was due to …, was attributable to
…; ‫اﻟﻔﻀﻞ‬ ‫( اﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬m. ul-faḍl) the merit is due to them
‫ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬marji‘īya authority
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﺔ‬murāja‘a reiteration, repetition; inspection, study, examination;
consultation (of a reference work); request; application, petition (esp. to an
authority); application for advice or instruction, etc., consultation (of s.o.);
checking, verification, re-examination; auditing, audit (also ‫;)ﻣﺮاﺟﻌـﺔ اﳊﺴـﺎب‬
revision, correction (of a manuscript)
‫ ارﺟﺎع‬irjā‘ return, restitution; refundment; attribution (‫ اﱃ‬to); reduction (‫اﱃ‬
to)
‫ ﺗﺮاﺟﻊ‬tarāju‘ withdrawal, retreat; recession, retrogadation
‫ ارﲡﺎع‬irtijā‘ return to an older form or order, reactionism, reaction
554
‫ ارﲡﺎﻋﻲ‬irtijā‘ī reactionary
‫ اﺳـﱰﺟﺎع‬istirjā‘ reclamation; recovery, retrieval; retraction, withdrawal,
revocation
‫ راﺟـﻊ‬rāji‘ returning, reverting, etc.; due, attributable (‫ اﱃ‬to); rightfully
belonging (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); subject (‫ ل‬to s.th.); depending (‫ ل‬on) | ‫اﳊﻤـﻰ اﻟﺮاﺟﻌـﺔ‬
(ḥummā) relapsing fever
‫ ﻣﺮاﺟـﻊ‬murāji‘ checker, verifier, examiner; reviser | ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟـﻊ‬m. al-ḥisāb
auditor, comptroller
‫ رﺟـﻒ‬rajafa a (rajf, ‫ رﺟﻔـﺎن‬rajfān) to be convulsed, be shaken; to tremble,
quake; to shiver, shudder; -- to agitate, convulse, shake (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make
(‫ ه‬s.o.) tremble or shudder; to convulse, shake, rock (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to spread lies,

false rumors; also with ‫ب‬, e.g., ‫ارﺟــﻒ ﻓـﱰاءات‬ (bi-ftirā’āt) to spread
calumnies VIII to tremble, quake; to shudder
‫ رﺟﻔﺔ‬rajfa (n. vic.) trepidation, tremor; shudder, shiver
‫ رﺟﺎف‬rajjāf trembling, quaking; shaken, convulsed
Confidential
‫ ارﺟﺎف‬irjāf pl. ‫ اراﺟﻴﻒ‬arājīf untrue, disquieting talk, false rumor
‫ رﺟـﻞ‬rajila a to go on foot, walk II to comb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the hair); to let down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
hair), let it hang long V = I; to dismount (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or if from; rider); to assume
masculine manners, behave like a man |‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬ ‫ ﺗﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ‬to walk all the way VIII
to improvise, extemporize, deliver offhand (‫ ﻫـ‬a speech) X to become a man,
reach the age of manhood, grow up; to act like a man, display masculine
manners or qualities
‫ رﺟﻞ‬rijl f., pl. ‫ ارﺟﻞ‬ari"l foot; leg
‫ رﺟـﻞ‬rijl pl. ‫ ارﺟـﺎل‬arjāl swarm (esp. of locusts); -- common purslane
(Portulaca oleracea L.; bot.)
‫ رﺟﻞ‬rajil going on foot, pedestrian, walking
‫ رﺟـﻞ‬rajul pl. ‫ رﺟـﺎل‬rijāl man; pl. ‫ رﺟـﺎﻻت‬rijālāt great, important men,
leading personalities, men of distinction |‫اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ رﺟـﺎل‬r. ad-daula statesmen;
‫ رﺟﺎل اﻟﺴﻨﺪ‬r. as-sanad informants, sources of information
‫ رﺟﺎﱄ‬rijālī men’s, for men (e.g., apparel)
‫ رﺟﻮﻟﺔ‬rajūla masculinity, virility, manhood
555
‫ رﺟﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬rajūlīya masculinity, virility, manhood

‫ ﻣﺮﺟﻞ‬mirjal pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻞ‬marājil2 cooking kettle, caldron; boiler
‫ ارﲡﺎل‬irtijāl improvisation, extemporization, extemporary speech
‫ ارﲡﺎﱄ‬irtijālī extemporary, improvised, impromptu, offhand, unprepared
‫ راﺟﻞ‬rājil pl. ‫ رﺟـﻞ‬rajl, ‫ رﺟﺎﻟـﺔ‬rajjāla, ‫ رﺟـﺎل‬rujjāl, ‫ رﺟـﻼن‬rujlān going on foot,
walking; pedestrian
‫ ﻣﺮﲡـﻞ‬murtajal improvised, extemporaneous, extemporary, impromptu,
offhand
1‫ رﺟـﻢ‬raiama u (raim) to stone (‫ ه‬a.o.); to curse, damn, abuse, revile (‫ه‬
s.o.) |‫ﻟﻐﻴـﺐ‬‫( رﺟـﻢ‬gaib) to talk about s.th. of which one knows nothing; to
guess, surmise, make conjectures; to predict the future II ‫ رﺟﻢ ﻟﻐﻴﺐ‬do.
‫ رﺟـﻢ‬rajm stoning; (pl. ‫ رﺟـﻢ‬rujam) missile | ‫( رﺟـﻢ ﻟﻐﻴـﺐ‬gaib) conjecture,
guesswork; prophecy
‫ رﺟﻢ‬rujum shooting stars, meteorites
‫ رﲨﺔ‬rajma pl. ‫ رﺟﻢ‬rujam, ‫ رﺟﺎم‬rijām tombstone
Confidential
‫ رﺟﻴﻢ‬rajīm stoned; cursed, damned; see also alphabetically
2‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ‬ ,‫ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻣﺮﺟﻮﻧﺔ‬marjūna basket
‫ )رﺟـﺎ )رﺟـﻮ‬rajā u (‫ رﺟـﺎء‬rajā’, ‫ رﺟـﺎة‬rajāh, ‫ ﻣﺮﺟـﺎة‬marjāh) to hope; to hope for
s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to .xpeat, anticipate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look forward (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to wish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for
s.th., ‫ ﻫـ ل‬s.o. s.th., e.g., success); to ask (‫ ﻫـ‬for s.th., ‫ ﻣﻦ‬or s.o., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.),
request (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from s.o., ‫ ان‬that he ...) | ‫اﳊـﺎح‬ ‫(رﺟـﺎﻩ ﰲ‬ilḥāḥ) to plead with
s.o., implore s.o.; ‫‘( اﺟـﻮ ﻋـﺪم اﳌﺆاﺧـﺬة‬adama l-mu’ākadata) | I must ask your
indulgence V to hope (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬for); to expect, anticipate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.), look
forward (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to request (‫ ه‬s.o.); to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to hope (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬for); to
expect, anticipate (‫ﻫـ‬ ,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.), look forward (‫ ﻫـ‬to); to dread (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ رﺟـﺎ‬rajan and ‫ رﺟـﺎء‬rajā’ pl. ‫ ارﺟـﺎء‬arjā’ side, direction; region; -- pl. ‫ارﺟـﺎء‬
arjā’ vastness (of a land), expanses; whole vicinity or area |‫ارﺟﺎﺋـﻪ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬about its
‫( ﰲ ارﺟـﺎء اﻟﻐﺮﻓـﺔ‬gurfa) all about the room, ‫ ﰲ ارﺟـﺎء اﻟـﺒﻼد‬all over
interior, e.g.,
the country, throughout the country; ‫( ﲡﺎوﺑـﺖ ارﺟـﺎء اﻟﺮدﻫـﺔ ﺗﺼـﻔﻴﻖ‬a. ur-radha)
556
the entire auditorium resounded with applause; ‫اﻷرﺟـﺎء‬ ‫ ﺷﺎﺳـﻊ‬and ‫واﺳـﻊ اﻷرﺟـﺎء‬
vast in extent, vast-dimensioned
‫ رﺟـﺎء‬rajā’ hope (‫ ﰲ‬,‫ ب‬and genit.; of); expectation, anticipation; urgent
request | ‫رﺟـﺎء‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in the hope of, hoping for; ‫ رﺟـﺎء اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬rajā’ al-‘ilm for your
information (on memos, records, etc.); ‫اﻟﺼﺎﱀ‬ ‫ رأس اﻟﺮﺟﺎء‬Cape of Good Hope
‫ رﺟﺎة‬rajāh hope, expectation, anticipation
‫ رﺟﻴﺔ‬rajīya s.th. hoped for; hope
‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺎة‬marjāh hope
‫ راج‬rājin hoping, full of hope
‫ ﻣﺮﺟــﻮ‬marjūw hoped for, expected; requested |‫( اﳌﺮﺟــﻮ ﻣــﻦ ﻓﻀــﻠﻚ ان‬min
faḍlika) approx.; I hope you will be kind enough to ...; ‫اﳌﺮﺟــﻮ ﻣﺮاﻋــﺎة ان‬
(murā‘ātu) please notice that …, attention is called to the fact that …
‫ رﺟـﻲ‬rajiya a to become silent; to remain silent; pass. ‫( رﺟـﻲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬rujiya) to
be tongue-tied, be unable to utter a sound
‫( رﺟﻴﻢ‬Fr. régime) rijīm diet
Confidential
‫ رﺣـﺐ‬raḥiba a (raḥab) and raḥuba u (ruḥb, ‫ رﺣﺎﺑـﺔ‬raḥāba) to be wide,
spacious, roomy II to welcome (‫ ب‬s.o., also ‫ب‬ s.th., e.g., news), bid
welcome (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to receive graciously, make welcome (‫ ب‬s.o.) V to
welcome (‫ ب‬s.o.), bid welcome (‫ ب‬to)

‫ رﺣـﺐ‬raḥb wide, spacious, roomy; unconfined | ‫ رﺣـﺐ اﻟﺼـﺪر‬r. aṣ-ṣadr
generous, magnanimous; broad-minded, open-minded, liberal; frank,
‫( ﺻـﺪر رﺣـﺐ‬raḥb) generosity, magnanimity;
candid, open-hearted; carefree;
open-mindedness, broad-mindedness, liberality; frankness, candor; ‫رﺣﺐ اﻟﺒﺎع‬
generous, openhanded, liberal; ‫اﻟﺬراع‬ ‫ رﺣﺐ‬do.
‫ رﺣـﺐ‬ruḥb vastness, wideness, spaciousness unconfinedness | ‫اﺗـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( اﻟﺮﺣﺐ واﻟﺴـﻌﺔ‬atā, ṣa‘a) to be welcome; ‫( وﺟـﺪ رﺣﺒـﺎ وﺳـﻌﺔ‬sa‘atan) to met with a
friendly reception
‫ رﺣـﺐ‬raḥab vastness, wideness, spaciousness, unconfinedness |‫رﺣـﺐ اﻟﺼـﺪر‬
r. aṣ-ṣadr magnanimity, generosity; lightheartedness
557
‫ رﺣﺒـﺔ‬raḥba, raḥaba pl. -āt public square (surrounded by buildings); (pl.

raḥabāt and ‫ رﺣﺎب‬riḥāb) vastness, expanse |‫اﻟﻜﻮن‬ ‫ رﺣﺎب‬and ‫ رﺣﺎب اﻟﻔﻀﺎء‬r. al-
faḍā’ vastness of outer space
‫ رﺣﻴﺐ‬raḥīb = ‫ رﺣﺐ‬raḥb
‫ رﺣﺎﺑﺔ‬raḥāba wideness, vastness, spaciousness, unconfinedness |‫رﺣﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺼﺪر‬
r. aṣ-ṣadr magnanimity, generosity
‫ ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ ﺑﻚ‬marḥaban bika welcome!
‫ ﺗﺮﺣـﺎب‬tarḥāb welcome, greeting |‫( ﻗﺎﺑﻠـﻪ ﺑﱰﺣﻴـﺐ‬qābalahū) to receive s.o.
with open arms
‫ ﺗﺮﺣﻴﺐ‬tarḥīb welcoming, welcome, greeting
‫ رﺣﺮح‬raḥraḥa: ‫( رﺣﺮح ﻟﻜﻼم‬kalām) to equivocate, speak ambiguously, beat
around the bush
‫ رﺣﺮح‬raḥraḥ and ‫ رﺣﺮاح‬raḥrāḥ wide, broad, flat; carefree, pleasant (life)
‫ رﺣﺾ‬raḥaḍa a (raḥḍ) to rinse, wash
‫ ﻣﺮﺣﺎض‬mirḥāḍ pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺣﺾ‬marāḥīḍ2 lavatory, toilet
Confidential
‫ رﺣﻴﻖ‬raḥīq exquisite wine; nectar
1 ‫رﺣـﻞ‬raḥala a (‫ رﺣﻴـﻞ‬raḥīl) to set out; to depart, leave; to move away,
emigrate; to start (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬from a place) | ‫( رﺟــﻞ ﻳﺮﺣــﻞ وﻳﻘــﻴﻢ‬yuqīm) a man

constantly on the go, a dynamic man II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) leave, induce or
urge (‫ ه‬s.o.) to depart; to evacuate (‫ه‬‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to), resettle, relocate (‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o.
in); to deport (‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. to); to allow (‫ ه‬s.o.) to emigrate; to give (‫ ه‬s.o.)
travel clearance; to carry (passengers e. g., a ship); to transfer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to

transport, convey, forward (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to dispatch, send out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to carry
over, post (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an item; bookkeeping); to carry forward (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the balance; bank)
V to wander, roam, migrate, lead a nomadic life; to be evacuated VIII to set
out, leave, depart; to move away, emigrate |‫رﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ارﲢـﻞ اﱃ رﲪـﺔ‬ (ilā raḥmati
rabbihī) to pass away, die
‫ رﺣـﻞ‬raḥl pl. ‫ رﺣـﺎل‬riḥāl camel saddle; saddlebags; baggage, luggage; pl.
stopping place, stop, stopover |‫اﻟﺮﺣﺎل‬ ‫( ﺷﺪ‬šadda) to set out, break camp; ‫اﻟﻘﻰ‬
‫ رﺣﺎﻟﻪ‬alqā riḥālahū to stop (‫ ﰲ‬in, at)
‫ رﺣﻠﺔ‬riḥla travel, journey; trip, tour; travelogue
558
‫ رﺣﻠﺔ‬ruḥla destination, place for which one is bound

‫ رﺣﻴﻞ‬raḥīl departure, setting out; emigration; exodus; demise
‫ رﺣـﺎل‬raḥḥāl pl. ‫ رﺣـﻞ‬riḥal roving, roaming, peregrinating, wandering,
migratory nomadic; -- (pl. ‫ رﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬raḥḥāla) great traveler, explorer; nomad
|‫اﻟﺮﺣﺎﻟــﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻴــﻮر‬ migratory birds; ‫‘( اﻷﻋـﺮاب )اﻟﻌــﺮ ن( اﻟﺮﺣـﻞ‬urbān) the nomadic
Bedouins
‫ رﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬raḥḥāla great traveler, explorer; globetrotter
‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﺔ‬marḥala pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ‬marāḥil2 a day’s journey; leg of a journey; way
station; stage, phase |‫ﲟﺮاﺣـﻞ‬ ‫( ﻳﺰﻳـﺪ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬yazīdu) it exceeds it by far; ‫ﰲ ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ‬
‫( ﺣﻴﺎ ﺎ‬ḥayātihā) throughout her life, in every stage of her life
‫ ﺗﺮﺣﺎل‬tarḥāl departure, setting out |‫ ﺣﻴﺎة اﻟﱰﺣﺎل‬ḥayāt at-t. nomadic life
‫ ﺗﺮﺣﻴــﻞ‬tarḥīl emigration, exodus; effectuation of (s.o.’s) departure;
deportation; evacuation; resettlement; transfer; moving; transport,
transportation; posting (of accounts); carrying forward (fin.); dispatch | ‫ﺗﺮﺣﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻋﻤﺎل‬t. ‘ummāl assignment (or detailing) of workmen
Confidential
‫ ارﲢﺎل‬irtiḥāl departure, setting out; emigration, exodus; demise
‫ راﺣـﻞ‬rāḥil pl. ‫ رﺣـﻞ‬ruḥḥal departing leaving, parting; traveling; (pl. -ūn)
deceased, late, ‫اﻟﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﺪ‬the deceased
‫ راﺣﻠـﺔ‬raḥila pl. ‫ رواﺣـﻞ‬rawāḥil2 female riding camel|‫راﺣﻠﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‬ (šadda) to
saddle one’s camel, start out on a journey
‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻞ‬muraḥḥal pl. -āt carry-over |‫ ﳎﻤﻮع ﻣﺮﺣﻞ‬balance carried forward (fin.)
2‫ راﺣﻴﻞ‬rāḥīl Rachel
‫ رﺣـﻢ‬raḥima a (‫ رﲪـﺔ‬raḥma, ‫ ﻣﺮﲪـﺔ‬marḥama) to have mercy (‫ ه‬upon s.o.),

have compassion (‫ ه‬for s.o.) ; to spare, let off (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be merciful II ‫رﺣﻢ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬to say to s.o.: ‫ رﲪـﻚ ﷲ‬raḥimaka llāh may God have mercy upon you; to
ask God to have mercy (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.o.), plead for God’s mercy (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for what
has happened) V = II; VI to show human understanding for one another,
love and respect one another X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to have mercy
‫ رﺣﻢ‬raḥim, riḥm f., pl. ‫ ارﺣﺎم‬arḥām uterus; womb; relationship, kinship | ‫ذوو‬
‫ اﻻرﺣﺎم‬dawū l-a. relatives on the maternal side
559
‫ رﲪـﺔ‬raḥma pity, compassion; human understanding, sympathy, kindness;

mercy |‫رﲪﺘﻪ‬ ‫ ﻛﺎن ﲢﺖ‬to be at s.o.’s mercy; ‫ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﲢﺖ رﲪﺘﻪ‬to leave s.th. or s.o.
to s.o.’s mercy; ‫ ﺑﺴﺎط اﻟﺮﲪﺔ‬pall
‫ رﺣﻴﻢ‬raḥīm pl. ‫ رﲪﺎء‬ruḥamā’ and ‫ رﺣﻮم‬ruḥūm merciful, compassionate
‫ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬ar-raḥmān the Merciful (i.e., God)
‫ ﻣﺮﲪﺔ‬marḥama pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺣﻢ‬marāḥim2 pity, compassion, sympathy; mercy
‫ ﺗـﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬tarḥīm: ‫( ﺗـﺮﺣﻴﻢ اﳌـﻮﺗﻰ‬mautā) pl. ‫ ﺗـﺮاﺣﻴﻢ‬tarāḥīm2 intercessory prayer for
the dead (Chr.)
‫ اﺳﱰﺣﺎم‬istirḥām plea for mercy
‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻮم‬marḥūm deceased, late, e.g., ‫ اﳌﺮﺣﻮم اﻟﺴﻴﺪ‬the late M. …
‫ رﺣﻰ‬raḥan f., pl. ‫ ارﺣﺎء‬arḥā’, ‫ رﺣﻰ‬ruḥīy, ‫ ارﺣﻴﺔ‬arḥīya quern, hand mill | ‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺣـﻰ‬ ḥajar ar-r. millotone; ‫)دارت رﺣـﻰ اﳊـﺮب )اﻟﻘﺘـﺎل‬ dārat r. l-ḥarb the war
(fighting) broke out; the war (fighting) was going on
‫ رﺣﻮى‬raḥawī rotating, rotatory
‫ رﺣﺎوى‬raḥḥāy pl. -ūn grinder
Confidential
‫ رخ‬raḳḳa u to mix with water, dilute (‫ ﻫـ‬wine)
‫ رخ‬raḳḳ (n. un. ‫ )ة‬light shower
‫ رخ‬rukk roc, name of a fabulous giant bird; (pl. ‫ رﺧﺨـﺔ‬rikaka) rook, castle
(chess)
‫ رﺧﺎخ‬rakāk soft (ground); comfortable, pleasant, easy (life)
‫ رﺧـﺺ‬rakuṣa (rukṣ) to be cheap, inexpensive; (‫ رﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬rakāṣa) to be supple,
tender, soft II to permit, allow (‫ ل‬s.o.
‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to authorize, license (‫ل‬
s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬to do s.th.); to empower (‫ ل‬s.o.); to reduce the price (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.)
IV to reduce the price (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) V to be willing to please, meet on fair

term. (‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻊ‬s.o. in), show o.s. ready to compromise (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o. ‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.);
to make concessions (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬in s.th.); to permit o.s. liberties, take liberties
(‫ ﰲ‬in) X to find cheap, regard as inexpensive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to request s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
permission
‫ رﺧﺺ‬rakṣ supple, tender, soft
‫ رﺧﺺ‬rukṣ cheapness, inexpensiveness
560
‫ رﺧﺼـﺔ‬rukṣa pl. ‫ رﺧـﺺ‬rukaṣ permission; concession, license, franchise;

admission; authorization; leave; permit |‫اﻟﺴـﻴﺎرات‬ ‫رﺧﺼـﺔ ﻗﻴـﺎدة‬ r. qiyādat as-
sayyārāt driving permit, operator’s license
‫ رﺧـﻴﺺ‬rakīṣ supple, tender, soft, cheap, inexpensive, low-priced; base,
mean, low; trash, trumpery
‫ ﺗـﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬tarkīṣ pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗـﺮاﺧﻴﺺ‬tarākīṣ2 granting of permission; permission;
authorization; mandate; concession; license; price reduction, price cut
‫ ﻣـﺮﲣﺺ‬murtakiṣ low-priced, inexpensive, cheap |‫ ﻛــﻞ ﻣـﺮﲣﺺ وﻏــﺎل‬kullu
murtakaṣin wa-gālin every conceivable effort, everything (in one’s power)
‫ رﺧـﻢ‬rakuma u (‫ رﺧﺎﻣـﺔ‬rakāma) and rakama u to be soft, mellow, gentle,
pleasant (voice); ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ )رﲬﺖ ﺑﻴﻀﻬﺎ‬rakamat baiḍahā (‘alā baiḍihā) to sit
on the eggs (hen) II to soften, mellow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the voice); to apocopate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
word); to tile with marble (‫ ﻫـ‬the floor)

‫ رﺧـﻢ‬rakam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus;
zool.)
‫ رﺧﺎم‬rukām marble
Confidential
‫ رﺧﺎم‬rukāma pl. -āt marble slab
‫ رﺧﻴﻢ‬rakīm soft, mellow, pleasant, melodious (voice); O note lowered by a
semitone, flat (mus.)
‫ ﺗـﺮﺧﻴﻢ‬tarkīm shortening, apocopation, esp. of a name in the vocative by
elision of the final consonant (gram.)
(‫ رﺧﻮ‬and ‫رﺧﻮ‬ (‫ رﺧﻲ‬rakuwa u and ‫ رﺧﻲ‬rakiya a (‫ رﺧﺎوة‬rakāwa, ‫ رﺧﺎء‬rakā’) to
be or become loose, slack, relaxed; to slacken, slump, sag, relax; -- ‫رﺧـﺎء‬
rakā’ u (‫ رﺧـﺎء‬rakā’): ‫ﻋﻴﺸـﻪ‬‫‘( رﺧـﺎ‬aišuhū) to live in easy circumstances, live in
opulence IV to loosen, slacken (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to relax (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to let go (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to lower, drop, let down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to slacken, sag, droop, become limp; to
show little energy or zeal, let up, become lax, be remiss (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬in s.th.); to go
down, slump (prices); to lag, become dull or listless (stock market); to
diminish, flag, wane, ebb, decrease; to desist (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); to be lowered, drop,
fall (curtain); to be delayed, be retarded VIII to slacken, slump, sag, droop,
become limp, flaccid, flabby; to become loose, work loose; to soften,
become soft; to relax, become relaxed, unbend; to abate, let up; to languish,
nag, lose force or vigor X = VIII
561
‫ رﺧـﻮ‬rakw, rikw loose, slack; limp, flabby, flaccid; indolent, languid; soft;
supple
‫ رﺧـﺎء‬rakā’ ease, comfort, happiness; prosperity; abundance, opulence (of
living); welfare; fairness, lowness (of prices)
‫ رﺧﺎء‬rukā’ gentle breeze
‫ رﺧـﺎوة‬rakāwa softness; flaccidity, limpness; laxity |‫ رﺧـﺎوة اﻟﻌـﻮد‬r. al-‘ūd
weakness of character
‫ رﺧﻲ‬rakīy feeble, weakened, languid; relaxed, at ease; cozy, comfortable
‫ ﺗـ ـﺮاخ‬tarākin, limpness; slackness; languor, lassitude; abatement,
mitigation, letup; relaxation; loosening, looseness
‫ ارﲣﺎء‬irtikā’ loosening, slackening; looseness, slackness; laxity; abatement
mitigation, letup; ease, relaxedness; relaxation; limpness; languor, lassitude
‫ اﺳﱰﺧﺎء‬istirkā’ = ‫ ارﲣﺎء‬irtikā’
‫ راخ‬rākin sagging, drooping
‫ ﻣ ـﱰاخ‬mutarākin limp, flaccid, flabby; drooping; languid; negligent,
indolent, slack
‫ رد‬radda u (radd) to send back; to bring back, take back (‫ ه‬,‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.
Confidential
to); to return (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to its place). put back, lay back (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in its
place); to throw back, repel, drive back, drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to resist,
oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn down, refuse, decline (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., the fulfillment of
a wish); to ward off, parry, repel (‫ ﻫﺠﻮﻣـﺎ‬hujūman an attack); to reject (‫ﻤـﺔ‬
tuhmatan a suspicion); to hand back, give back, return, restore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬to
s.o.); to return (‫ اﻟﺴـﻼم‬as-salāma the greeting); to reply (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.), answer
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to reflect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬light); to throw back, echo (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the voice); to refute,

disprove (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to hold back, keep, restrain (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from s.th.); to
dissuade (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from), prevail upon s.o. (‫ )ه‬not to do s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to trace
back, attribute (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to an origin); to bring, yield ( ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to s.o.);
to reappoint, reinstate (‫ ه ه‬s.o. as, e.g., ‫ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺎ‬ḥākiman as governor) |‫رد اﻟﺒﺎب‬
to close the door; ‫( رد ﺟﻮا‬jawāban) to answer; ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮد ﻫﺬا ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ‬this won’t
help you at all; ‫( ﻻ ﻳـﺮد‬yuraddu) irrefutable; ‫‘( ردﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﻴـﻪ‬aqibaih) pl. ‫ردﻫـﻢ‬
‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻋﻘـﺎ ﻢ‬a‘qābihim) to drive s.o. back to where he came from; ‫رد ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬
562
(‘ainahū) he averted his eyes from it II to keep away, avert, prevent, stave
off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to repel, throw back (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to repeat (constantly,
frequently); to break forth, burst (‫ ﻫـ‬into, e.g., into singing), strike up, intone,
let ring out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a tune, or the like) |‫اﻟﺼـﺪى‬ ‫( ردد‬ṣadā) to return the echo; ‫ردد‬
‫( اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ‬naẓara) to look at s.th. again and again; ‫( ردد ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﲔ‬ṭarafahū) to let
one’s eyes wander between, look first at one, then at the other V to be
thrown back, be reflected (voice, echo); to ring out (shouts); to shift
repeatedly (wind); to come and go (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at s.o.’s house; rarely ‫)اﱃ‬, frequent,
visit frequently (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.’s house, a place; rarely ‫;)اﱃ‬ to return, recur; to
hesitate, be reluctant (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th., to do s.th.); to waver, become uncertain,
become doubtful ‫ﰲ‬ in s.th. or as to s.th.) |‫اﻷﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗـﺮدد ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ (alsina) to be

frequently diocussed (question) VIII to withdraw, retreat, fall back; to move
backward, retrogress; to go back, return, revert (‫ اﱃ‬to); to fall back (‫ اﱃ‬on);
to go away, absent o.s.; to desist, refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), renounce, give up,
abandon, quit, leave (or s.th.); to forsake, desert (or one’s faith, one’s
Confidential
principles, etc.), apostatize, fall off (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) |‫ﻋﻘﺒﻴـﻪ‬ ‫‘( ارﺗـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬aqbaihi), pl.
‫( ارﺗـﺪوا ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻋﻘـﺎ ﻢ‬a’qābihim) to withdraw, turn back X to reclaim, demand
back, call in (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), demand the return (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.); to bring back, lead back
(‫ ه اﱃ‬s.o. to); to get back (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to retrieve, recover, regain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
withdraw (e.g., ‫ﻳـﺪﻩ‬ yadahū one’s hand; also fig., e.g., ‫اﺳـﺘﻘﺎﻟﺘﻪ‬ istiqālatahū
one’s resignation); to withdraw, take out (‫ ﻫـ‬money, from an account, from a
bank) |‫اﻧﻔﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫( اﺳﱰد‬anfāsahu) to catch one’s breath
‫ رد‬radd pl. ‫ ردود‬rudūd return; restoration, restitution; refund,
reimbursement; repayment, requital; repulsion; warding off, parrying;
denial, refusal; rejection; reply, answer; reflection (e.g., of light); refutation;
attribution (‫ اﱃ‬to) |‫اﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬ ‫ رد‬al-fi‘l reaction; ‫رد اﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎر‬ rehabilitation; ‫ردا ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
(raddan) in reply to ...; ‫ اﺧﺬ ورد‬see ‫ أﺧﺬ‬akada
‫ ردة‬radda ugliness; reverberation, echo; bran
‫ ردة‬ridda apostasy (‫ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺳﻼم‬or from Islam)
‫ ارد‬aradd2 more useful, more profitable (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.)
563
‫ ﻣـﺮد‬maradd fact to which s.th. is attributable, underlying factor or reason;

averting, rejection, repulsion; responsory (Chr.) |‫ﻟــﻪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻣــﺮد‬ (maradda)
irresistible; ‫اﱃ‬ ‫( ﻣﺮدﻩ‬maradduhū) it is attributable to ..., one must ascribe it to
‫( ﻻ ﻣــﺮد ﻟــﻪ اﻻ ﺑﺮاﻋﺘــﻪ‬maradda, barā‘atuhū) it can only be attributed to his
efficiency; ‫( ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺮد ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬maraddi lisānihi) to be constantly on s.o.’s
lips, be a standing phrase with s.o.
‫ ﺗﺮداد‬tardād frequent repetition; frequentation
‫ ﺗﺮدﻳﺪ‬tardīd repetition, reiteration
‫ ﺗـﺮدد‬taraddud frequent coming and going, frequentation; frequency (el.);
hesitation, irresolution, indecision, wavering; reluctance
‫ ارﺗـﺪاد‬irtidād retreat, withdrawal; retrogression; renunciation, desertion;
apostasy (‫اﻻﺳــﻼم‬ ‫ﻋــﻦ‬ from Islam) |‫اﻟﻄــﺮف‬ ‫ﻛﺎرﺗــﺪاد‬ ka-rtidādi ṭ-ṭarf in the
twinkling of an eye, in a jiffy
‫ اﺳـﱰداد‬istirdād reclamation, claim of restitution, vindication (Isl. Law);
recovery, retrieval; retraction, withdrawal; refundment, reimbursement;
withdrawal, taking out (of money, from an account)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮدود‬mardūd yield, return(s)
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺪ‬murtadd turncoat, renegade, apostate
1‫ ردأ‬rada’a a (rad’) to support, prop, shore up (‫ ﻫـ‬a wall)
‫ ردء‬rid’ pl. ‫ ارداء‬ardā’ support; help, helper

2‫ ردؤ‬radu’a u (‫ رداءة‬radā’a) to be bad V to become bad, be spoiled
‫ رديء‬radī’ pl. ‫ ارد ء‬ardiyā’2 bad; mean, base, vile; evil, wicked; vicious,
malicious |‫اﻟﺴﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ رديء‬r. as-sum‘a of ill repute
‫ اردأ‬arda’2 worse; more wicked
‫ رداءة‬radā’a badness; wickedness; viciousness, maliciousness
‫ اردب‬irdabb (now commonly pronounced ardabb) pl. ‫ ارادب‬arādib2 ardeb,
a dry measure (Eg.; = 1981)
‫ اردب‬irdabba cesspool
‫ ردح‬radaḥ long period of time |‫ ردﺣـﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﳍـﺮ‬radaḥan min ad-dahr for a long
time
‫ ردس‬radasa i u (rads) to crush (‫ﻫ ـ‬. s.th.); to roll smooth, level by rolling (‫ﻫ ـ‬
ground)
564
‫ ردع‬rada‘a a (rad‘) to keep, prevent (‫ ه ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from) VIII to be kept, be

prevented (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫ رادع‬rādi‘ deterring; (pl. ‫ روادع‬rawādi‘) deterrent; impediment, obstacle,
handicap; restriction, limitation, curb, check; inhibition (psych.)
‫ ردﻏﺔ‬radga, radaga mud, mire, slush
‫ ردف‬radafa u (radf) and radifa a to come next, come immediately after
s.o. or s.th. (‫ه‬ ,‫)ﻫ ـ‬, follow, succeed (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to ride behind s.o. (‫ه‬
on the same animal); to be the substitute (‫ ه‬of s.o.), replace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to be synonymous (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with) IV to seat (‫ ه‬s.o.) behind one (on an animal); to
make (‫ ه‬s.th.) be followed (‫ ب‬by s.th. else); to complement, complete (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ب‬
s.th. with or by) VI to follow one another, come in succession; to pile up in
layers, become stratified; to form a single line; to flock, throng (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to
be synonymous
‫ ردف‬ridf pl. ‫ ارداف‬ardāf rear man (riding on the same animal); one who or
that which is subsequent, follows, comes next; posteriors, backside, rump;
Confidential
haunches, croup (of an animal); dual: ‫ اﻟﺮدﻓﺎن‬ar-ridfān day and night
‫ رداف‬ridāf croup, rump (of an animal)
‫ ردﻳﻒ‬radīf rear man, one following next in line; redif, reserve (in the army
of the former Turkish Empire)
‫ ردﻳﻔﺔ‬radīfa fem. of ‫ردﻳﻒ‬
‫ ﺗﺮادف‬tarāduf succession; synonymity
‫ ﻣـﺮادف‬murādif synonym (of a word); synonymous, consignificant (‫ل‬
with); corresponding in meaning, analogous
‫ ﻣﱰادف‬mutarādif synonymous; ‫ ﻣﱰادﻓﺎت‬synonyms
‫ ردم‬radama i u (radm) to fill up with earth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬pit, pond) II to repair, fix,
mend IV not to leave (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), cling (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.; said of disease) V to be
mended, be repaired; to repair, mend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be worn, show signs of
wear
‫ ردم‬radm filling up (of swamps, ponds, etc.); rubble, debris; dam
‫ ردﱘ‬radīm worn, shabby, threadbare (garment)
‫ ردن‬radana i (radn) to spin; to purr (cat); to grumble (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at)
565
‫ ردن‬rudn pl. ‫ اردان‬ardān sleeve

‫ ردﻳﲎ‬rudainī spear (originally epithet for one of superior quality)
‫ ﻣﺮدن‬mirdan pl. ‫ ﻣﺮادن‬marādin2 spindle
‫( ردﳒﻮت‬Fr. redingote) redengōt frock coat, Prince Albert
‫ ردﻫـﺔ‬radha hall; large room, sitting room, parlor; lobby; entrance hall,
vestibule | ‫ ردﻫـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬reception hall, drawing room, parlor ‫ ردﻫـﺔ اﶈﺎﺿـﺮة‬r.
al-muḥāḍarāt lecture room
‫ ردي‬radiya a (‫ ردى‬radan) to perish, be destroyed II to bring to the ground
(‫ ه‬s.o.), bring about the fan of (‫ )ه‬IV to bring to the ground (‫ ه‬s.o.), bring
about the fall of (‫ ;)ه‬to destroy, ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fell (‫ ه‬s.o.); to kill (‫ ه‬s.o.)
|‫ﻗﺘـﻴﻼ‬ ‫ارادﻩ‬ (qatīlan) to fell s.o. with a deadly blow V to fall, tumble; to
decline, fall off, come down, go from bad to worse; to deteriorate, become
worse; to clothe o.s. (‫ ب‬with), put on (‫ ب‬a garment) VIII to put on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
garment or headgear); to wear (‫ ﻫـ‬a garment, a headgear), be clothed, be clad
Confidential
(‫ ﻫـ‬in) |‫ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻪ‬ ‫( ارﺗﺪى‬malābisahū) to put on one’s clothes, dress, get dressed
‫ ردى‬radan ruin, destruction
‫ رداء‬ridā’ pl. ‫ اردﻳـﺔ‬ardiya loose outer garment, cloak, robe; (lady’s) dress,
gown; attire, costume |‫اﳌﺴﺎء‬ ‫ رداء‬al-masā’ evening gown
‫ ﻣﱰد‬mutaraddin dressed
‫ رذ‬radda u: ‫( رذت اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬samā’) and IV there was a drizzle, it drizzled
‫ رذاذ‬radād drizzle
‫ رذل‬radila a and radula u (‫ رذاﻟـﺔ‬radāla) to be low, base. vile. despicable.
Contemptible; -- radala u (radl) to reject, cast off, discard, repudiate, disown
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to despise, disdain, scorn (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.); to disapprove
(‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬of) IV to reject, cast off, discard, repudiate, disown (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) X
to regard as low or despicable (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ رذل‬radl rejection; repudiation; (pl. ‫ رذول‬rudūl, ‫ ارذال‬ardāl) low, base,
mean, vile, despicable, contemptible
‫ رذﻳﻞ‬radīl pl. ‫ رذﻻء‬rudalā’ low, base, mean, vile, despicable, contemptible,
depraved
566
‫ رذاﻟﺔ‬radāla lowness, baseness, meanness, vileness, depravity

‫ رذاﻟﺔ‬radīla pl. ‫ رذاﺋﻞ‬radā’il vice; depravity
‫ ﻣﺮذول‬mardūl depraved, despicable, mean, base, vile, evil, wicked
1‫ رز‬ruzz (= ‫ )ارز‬aruzz) rice
2‫ رز‬razza u (razz) to insert, drive in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to burnish, polish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)

IV to telephone
‫ رزة‬razza pl. -āt staple, U bolt; ring screw; joint pin
O ‫ ارزﻳﺰ‬irzīz telephone
‫ رزأ‬raza’a a (‫ رزء‬raz’) to deprive (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. of s.th.); pass. ‫ رزئ‬ruzi’a to
incur or suffer loss; to lose (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be afflicted (‫ ب‬by)
‫ رزء‬ruz’ pl. ‫ ارزاء‬arzā’ heavy loss, serious damage; disaster, calamity
‫ رزﻳﺌـﺔ‬razī’a and ‫ رزﻳـﺔ‬razīya pl. ‫ رزا‬razāyā heavy loss, serious damage;
disaster, calamity
‫ رزب‬razaba u (razb) to keep, stick, cling (‫ ﻫـ‬to)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮزﺑﺔ‬mirzabba pl. ‫ ﻣﺮازب‬marāzib2 iron rod
‫ ﻣﺮزاب‬mirzāb pl. ‫ ﻣﺮازﻳﺐ‬marāzīb2 waterspout, gargoyle; (roof) gutter
‫ رزح‬razaḥa a (‫ رزوح‬ruzūḥ, ‫ رزاح‬ruzāḥ, razāḥ) to succumb, collapse, sink to
the ground (under a burden); to descend, hover (e.g., silence) III to suffer
‫ ﻣﺮزغ‬marzig muddy, boggy, miry
‫ رزق‬razaqa u to provide with the means of subsistence (‫ ه‬s.o.; said of
God); to bestow (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ه‬upon s.o. s.th., material or spiritual possessions; said
of God), endow (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. with); to bless (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. with, esp. ‫ ﻣﻮﻟـﻮدا‬with a
child); -- pass. ruziqa to be endowed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to live VIII to make a living,
gain one’s livelihood; to live (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬on or by s.th.) X to seek one’s livelihood;

to ask for the means of subsistence
‫ رزق‬rizq pl. ‫ ارزاق‬arzāq livelihood, means of living, subsistence; daily
bread, nourishment, sustenance; boon, blessing (of God); property,
possessions, wealth, fortune; income; pay, wages |‫ﺷـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ارزاق‬ dry rations,
emergency rations (mil.)
‫ اﻟـﺮازق‬ar-rāziq the Maintainer, the Provider (one of the 99 attributes of
God)
567
‫ ارﺗﺮزاق‬istirzāq independent livelihood, self-support

‫ ﻣﺮزوق‬marzūq blessed (by God), fortunate, prosperous, successful
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺰق‬murtaziq hired, hireling, mercenary, kept
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺰﻗﺔ‬murtaziqa kept persons, hangers-on; mercenaries
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺰق‬murtazaq means of subsistence, livelihood, living
‫ رزم‬razama i u (razm) to bundle, bale, pack, wrap up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رزﻣـﺔ‬rizma pl. ‫ رزم‬rizam bundle; bale, pack; parcel, package; ream (of
paper)
‫ رزن‬razuna u (‫ رزاﻧــﺔ‬razāna) to be grave, serious, sedate, staid, calm,
composed, self-possessed V to display grave or sedate manners, show o.s.
calm, composed, self-possessed
‫ رزﻳﻦ‬razīn grave, serious, sedate, staid; composed, calm, self-possessed
‫ رزاﻧـﺔ‬razana gravity, sedateness, staidness; composure, self-possession,
poise
‫ رز ﻣﺔ‬ruznāma see ‫روز ﻣﺔ‬
‫ رزﻳﺔ‬pl. ‫ رزا‬see ‫رزﻳﺌﺔ‬
Confidential
‫ رﺳﻴﺲ‬rasīs covered with verdigris
‫ رﺳـﺐ‬rasaba u (‫ رﺳـﻮب‬rusūb) to sink to the bottom, settle, subside (esp., in
water); to fail, dunk (in an examination) II to cause to settle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., in a
liquid), deposit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a sediment); to precipitate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; chem.) V to settle,
subside, be deposited; to precipitate (chem.)
‫ رﺳـﻮب‬rusūb sediment, deposit; lees, dregs, settlings; precipitate (chem.);
failure (in an examination)
‫ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺐ‬tarsīb sedimentation; precipitation (chem.)
‫ راﺳـﺐ‬rāsib pl. ‫ رواﺳـﺐ‬rawāsib2 sediment, deposit; dregs, lees, settlings;
precipitate (chem.); residue
‫ رﺳﺘﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬rustāmīya to tidy, arrange well, put in order (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رﺳﺘﻖ‬rastaqa to tidy, arrange well, put in order (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ روﺳﺘﻮ‬,‫( رﺳﺘﻮ‬It. arrosto) rostō roast meat
‫( رﺳﺘﻮران‬Fr. restaurant) restorān restaurant
‫ ﻣﺮﺳﺢ‬marsaḥ (= ‫ )ﻣﺴـﺮح‬pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺳـﺢ‬marāsiḥ2 theater, playhouse; stage; party,
social gathering
568
‫ ﻣﺮﺳﺤﻲ‬marsaḥī social, party (used attributively); formal (dress)

‫ رﺳﺦ‬rasaka u (‫ رﺳﻮخ‬rusūk) to be firmly established, be deeply rooted (‫ ﰲ‬in
s.th.); to be firm, solid, stable; to be conversant, be thoroughly familiar (‫ﰲ‬
with s.th.), be well versed, be at home (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th., in a field); to seep in; to
permeate (‫ ﰲ‬a fabric); to become fast (color or dyes in a fabric) II and IV to
make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) take root(s), establish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to implant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to secure,
make fast, fix firmly, ground (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) |‫ﰲ ذﻫﻨﻪ‬ ‫( ارﺳﺦ اﻟﺸﻲء‬dihnihī) to impress
or inculcate s.th. upon s.o.
‫ ارﺳــﺦ‬arsaka more firmly established, more deeply rooted |‫ارﺳــﺦ ﻗــﺪﻣﺎ‬
(qadaman) do.
‫ راﺳــﺦ‬rāsiq, firmly established, deep-rooted; grounded, firmly fixed,
stable; conversant (‫ ﰲ‬with s.th.), thoroughly versed, completely at home (‫ﰲ‬
in a field)
‫ رﺳـﺮاس‬risrās (eg.) glue, adhesive, specif., one for pasting leather, made of
a yellow powder
Confidential
‫ رﺳﻎ‬rusg pl. ‫ ارﺳﺎغ‬arsāg, ‫ ارﺳﻎ‬arsug wrist
‫ رﺳﻒ‬rasafa u i to go in shackles; to be bound; to be moored (ship)
‫ رﺳـﻞ‬rasila a (rasal) to be long and flowing (hair) III to correspond, carry
on a correspondence, exchange letters (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to contact (‫ ه‬s.o.), get
in touch (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to send out, dispatch (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. ‫اﱃ‬, also
‫ل‬, to); to send off, send away (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬, .s.o., s.th. ‫اﱃ‬, also ‫ل‬, to); to send,
forward, ship (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. ‫اﱃ‬, also ‫ل‬, to); to send, transmit (radio); to
release, let go (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set free (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to discharge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pour
forth, vent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give vent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to utter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬words); to shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬tears); to
let (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the hair) hang down, let it fall (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) |‫ﻃﻠﺒـﻪ‬ ‫( ارﺳـﻞ ﰲ‬ṭalabihī) to send
for s.o.; ‫ارﺳـﺎﻻ‬ ‫( ارﺳـﻞ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬al-kalāma irsālan) to speak without restraint, talk
freely; ‫( ارﺳـﻞ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻣـﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬـﺎ‬nafsahū) to yield to one’s natural impulse, do
the natural thing; ‫( ارﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﻴﺘﻪ‬sajīyatihī) to make s.o. feel at home; ‫ارﺳﻞ‬
‫( ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬nafsahū) to feel at home, let o.s. go V to proceed leisurely,
take one’s time (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.); to hang down, be long and flowing (hair) VI to
569
keep up a correspondence, exchange letters; to send to one another,

exchange (‫ ب‬s.th.) X to ask (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.o.) to send (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), have s.o. (‫ )ﻣـﻦ‬send (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to be relaxed, at ease, free from restraint; to be long and flowing
(hair); to be friendly, affable, intimate, chummy (‫ اﱃ‬with s.o.); to act
naturally, without affectation; to let o.s. go; to enlarge (‫ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻼم‬fī l-kalām in
discourse, i.e., to talk at length); to abandon o.s., give o.s. up (‫ ﰲ‬to s.th., also
‫ ﻣﻊ‬or ‫ ;)اﱃ‬to persist (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.), keep up (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.)
‫ رﺳﻞ‬rasl easy, gentle, leisurely (pace, gait); loose, slack, relaxed; long and
flowing (hair)
‫ رﺳﻞ‬risl moderation |‫ !ﻋﻠﻰ رﺳﻠﻚ‬slowly! gently! take it easy!
‫ رﺳﻴﻞ‬rasīl pl. ‫ رﺳﻼء‬rusalā’2 messenger; runner (mil.)
‫ رﺳـﻮل‬rasūl pl. ‫ رﺳـﻞ‬rusul messenger; emissary; envoy, delegate; apostle
(Chr.); ‫ اﻟﺮﺳﻮل‬or ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ رﺳﻮل‬the Messenger of God (i.e., Mohammed)
‫ رﺳــﻮﱄ‬rasūlī apostolic, papal (Chr.) |‫( اﻟﱪﻛــﺔ اﻟﺮﺳ ـﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬baraka) apostolic
‫اﻟﺴــﺪة اﻟﺮﺳ ـﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺻــﺪ رﺳــﻮﱄ‬
Confidential
benediction; (sudda) the Holy See; apostolic
delegate
‫ رﺳــﺎﻟﺔ‬risāla pl. -āt, ‫ رﺳــﺎﺋﻞ‬rasā’l2 consignment, shipment; mail item;
(written) communication, (written) report; missive; letter, note; epistle;
dispatch; message; treatise; radio message; (pl. -āt) mission, calling,
vocation |‫ﺑﺮﻗﻴـﺔ‬ ‫رﺳـﺎﻟﺔ‬ (barqīya) telegram; ‫رﺳـﺎﻟﺔ ﻏﺮاﻣﻴـﺔ‬ (garāmīya) love letter;
‫( رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺠﻠﺔ‬musajjala) registered letter
‫ رﺳـﻴﻼت‬rusailāt: ‫اﻟﻘـﻰ اﳋـﱪ ﻋﻠـﻰ رﺳـﻴﻼﺗﻪ‬ (kabara) he didn’t take the matter
seriously
O ‫ ﻣﺮﺳﺎل‬mirsāl: ‫ﻧﻮر‬ ‫ ﻣﺮﺳﺎل‬m. nūr, pl. -āt searchlight
‫ ﻣﺮاﺳﻠﺔ‬murāsala exchange of letters, correspondence; note, message, letter,
communication; orderly (mil.)
‫ ارﺳﺎل‬irsāl sending, forwarding, shipping, dispatch
‫ ارﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬irsālīya pl. -āt consignment; mail item; shipment; transport; (mil.)
expedition; mission
‫ ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬tarassul art of letter writing
‫ اﺳﱰﺳــﺎل‬istirsāl ease, naturalness, relaxedness; abandon; elaboration,
expatiation
570
‫ ﻣﺮاﺳﻞ‬murāsil pl. -ūn correspondent, reporter (of a newspaper) |‫ﻣﺮاﺳـﻞ ﺣـﺮﰊ‬

(ḥarbī) war correspondent; ‫ﺧـﺎص‬ ‫( ﻣﺮاﺳـﻞ‬kāṣṣ) special correspondent; ‫ﻣﺮاﺳـﻞ‬
‫( ر ﺿﻲ‬riyāḍī) sports reporter
‫ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ‬mursil sender (of a letter); consignor; O transmitter (radio)
O ‫ ﻣﺮﺳﻠﺔ‬mursala pl. -āt transmitter (radio)
‫ ﻣﺮﺳـﻞ‬mursal sent, forwarded; dispatched; delegated; transmitted (radio);
long and flowing (hair); (pl. -ūn) millionary (Chr.); incompletely transmitted
(of a Prophetic tradition resting on a chain of authorities that goes no further
back than the 2nd generation after the Prophet) |‫اﻟﻴــﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﺳــﻞ‬ recipient,
addressee (of a letter); consignee; ‫ﻣﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫( ﻛﻼم‬kalām) prose
‫ ﻣﺮﺳﻠﻴﺔ‬mursalīya mission
‫ ﻣﺴﱰﺳــﻞ‬mustarsil loose, flowing (hair); friendly, affable; intimate,
chummy; devoted, given up (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻣﻊ‬to s.th.)
‫ رﺳﻢ‬rasama u (rasm) to draw, trace (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to sketch (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to describe
(‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., a circle); to paint (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to record, put down in writing (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
Confidential
enter, mark, indicate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sketch, outline (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; fig.); to describe,
depict, portray, picture (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make, work out, conceive (‫ ﺧﻄﺔ‬kiṭṭatan a
plan); to prescribe (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ل‬to s.o. s.th.), lay down as a rule (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬for
s.o. s.th.); to ordain (‫ ه‬a priest; Chr.) |‫ رﺳـﻢ ﺷـﺎرة اﻟﺼـﻠﻴﺐ‬to make the sign of
the cross, cross o.s. (Chr.) II to enter, mark, indicate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ﰲ‬ in); to
appoint to a public office (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.; tun.) V to follow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. s.o.’s
footsteps, an example, etc.); to be appointed to a public office (tun.) VIII to
come out, find visible expression; to be traced, engraved, inscribed, written;
to impress itself, leave an impression (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on); to be ordained, be introduced
into the office of the ministry (priest; Chr.); to make the sign of the cross
(Chr.)
‫ رﺳﻢ‬rasm drawing (e.g., as a subject in school); -- (pl. ‫ رﺳﻮم‬rusūm, ‫رﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
rusūmāt) a drawing; sketch; graph; picture; photograph; illustration; pattern
(e.g., on a fabric); -- (pl. ‫)رﺳــﻮم‬ trace, impression) designation, mark;
inscription, legend; record, notes; (official) document, (legal) instrument;
writing; design; prescription, regulation; ceremony, form, formality; rate,
fee, tax, due |‫ ﺑﺮﺳﻢ‬bi-rasmi intended for, care of (c/o), for; ‫اﻟﺮﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ اﺧـﺬ‬akd ar-r.
571
taking of a picture; ‫ﺑﻴـﺎﱐ‬

‫( رﺳﻢ‬bayānī) illustrative figure, diagram (in a book);
‫ رﺳـﻢ اﻟـﺪﺧﻮل‬admission fee; ‫( رﺳـﻢ دﺧـﻮﱄ‬dukūlī) import duty, tariff; ‫رﺳـﻢ ﴰﺴـﻲ‬
(šamsī) photograph; ‫ رﺳﻢ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬layout, ground plan (arch.); ‫ رﺳﻢ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬detail
drawing; ‫( رﺳـﻢ ﻗﻠـﱯ‬qalbī) cardiogram; ‫( رﺳـﻮم ﻗﻴﺪﻳـﺔ‬qaidīya) registration fees;
‫ رﺳـﻢ اﻹﻧﺘـﺎج‬r. al-intāj excise tax; ‫( رﺳـﻢ ﻗﻴﻤـﻲ‬qaimī) ad valorem duty; ‫رﺳـﻢ ﻫـﺰﱄ‬
(hazalī) caricature, cartoon
‫ رﲰـﻲ‬official, formal, conventional; ceremonial; official, officeholder,
public servant; ‫رﲰﻴــﺎ‬ ‫ رﲰﻴــﺎت‬rasmīyāt formalities;
ramīyan officially;
ceremonies, ceremonial, ritual; rules, regulations |‫ رﺟﺎل رﲰﻴـﺔ‬officials; ‫ﻣﻼﺑـﺲ‬
‫ رﲰﻴـﺔ‬official dress; court dress; ‫ ﺛﻴـﺎب رﲰﻴـﺔ‬uniforms; ‫ ﺷـﺒﻪ رﲰﻴـﺔ‬šibh r. and ‫ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫ ﻟﺮﲰﻲ‬semi-official; ‫ ﻧﺼﻒ رﲰﻲ‬niṣfu r. do.; ‫ ﻏﲑ رﲰﻲ‬gairu r. unofficial
‫ رﺳﺎم‬rassām pl. -āt draftsman; painter, artist
‫ رﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬risāma, rasāma ordination, consecration (of a priest; Chr.)
‫ روﺳﻢ‬rausam pl. ‫ رواﺳﻢ‬rawāsim2 O cliché (Syr.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮﺳﻢ‬marsam studio (of an artist)
‫ ﻣﺮاﺳﻢ‬marāsim2 ceremonies, ceremonial, ritual; etiquette, protocol (dipl.);
customs; principles; regulations |‫اﳌﺮاﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣـﺪﻳﺮ ادارة‬mudīr idārat al-m. and ‫رﺋـﻴﺲ‬
‫ اﳌﺮاﺳـﻢ‬chief of protocol (dipl.); ‫ ﻣﺮاﺳـﻢ اﻟﺘﺘـﻮﻳﺞ‬coronation ceremonies; ‫ﻣﺮاﺳـﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻔﺎت‬court etiquette
‫ ﺗﺮﺳﻢ‬tarassum design, planning
‫ ارﺗﺴـﺎم‬irtisām pl. -āt (visible) expression, manifestation (e.g., of a feeling,
of an emotion on s.o.’s face)
‫ ﻣﺮﺳـﻮم‬marsūm drawn, traced, sketched; painted; recorded in writing,
written; designed, planned; decreed, ordered; -- (pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺳﻴﻢ‬marāsīm2) decree;
act, edict; regulation, ordinance (‫ ب‬regarding); ‫ﻣﺮاﺳــﻴﻢ‬ ceremonies,
ceremonial, ritual; etiquette; regulations |‫ﺑﻘـﺎﻧﻮن‬‫( ﻣﺮﺳـﻮم‬bi-qānūn) enactment,

statute, ordinance (Eg.); ‫( ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ‬tašrī‘ī) and ‫( ﻣﺮﺳـﻮم اﺷـﱰاﻋﻲ‬ištirā‘ī; Pal.,
Syr.) do.; ‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ اﳌﺮاﺳﻴﻢ‬mudīr al-m. chief of protocol (dipl.)
‫ رﲰﺎل‬rasmāl pl. ‫ رﺳﺎﻣﻴﻞ‬rasāmīl2 = ‫ رأس ﻣﺎل‬capital (fin.)
572
‫ رﺳﻦ‬rasana pl. ‫ ارﺳﻦ‬arson, ‫ ارﺳﺎن‬arsān, ‫ ارﺳﻨﺔ‬arnsina halter

‫ )رﺳـﺎ )رﺳـﻮ‬rasā u (rasw) to be firm, stable, steady; to anchor (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬off a
coast), cast anchor, land, dock; to ride at anchor (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬off a coast, ‫ ﰲ‬in a
harbor); to disembark, land (‫ ب‬s.o.; ship); to come or go eventually (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to),
land (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with) |‫اﳌـﺰاد‬ ‫( رﺳـﺎ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬mazād) it was knocked down to him (at an
auction); ‫( رﺳـﺖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﳌﻨﺎﻗﺼـﺔ‬munāqaṣa) the commission or contract went to
him (after an invitation to submit tenders) IV to make fast, fix firmly (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to anchor, place at anchor (‫ ﻫـ‬a ship)
‫ ﻣﺮﺳـﻰ‬marsan pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮاس‬marāsin anchorage |‫ ﻣﺮﺳــﻰ ﻣﻄـﺮوح‬Mersa Matrûh
(village in NW Egypt, on Mediterranean coast)
‫ ﻣﺮﺳﺎة‬mirsāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاس‬marāsin anchor
‫ راس‬rāsin pl. ‫ رواس‬rawāsin fixed, stationary, immovable, firm, steady,
stable, firmly established; anchored, at anchor; pl. ‫راﺳــﻴﺎت‬ rāsiyāt, ‫رواس‬
rawāsin towering, unshakable mountains
Confidential
‫ رﺳﻰ )= رﺳﺎ‬see above) to anchor
‫ رش‬rašša u (rašš) to spatter, splash, spurt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a liquid); to spray (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
liquid); to sprinkle (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with, ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on); to splatter, spatter, bespatter (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., ‫ ب‬with water, etc.); to water (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رش‬rašš sprinkling; watering; splattering, spattering; spraying; buckshot
|‫واﻟﻜﻨﺲ‬ ‫ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺮش‬maṣlaḥat ar-r. wa-l-kans street-cleaning department; ‫ﻋﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫‘ اﻟﺮش‬arabat ar-r. watering cart, sprinkler; ‫ رﻣﻰ رﺷﺎ‬to fire in bursts (mil.)
‫ رﺷﺔ‬rašša light drizzle
‫ رﺷﺎش‬raššāš spattered liquid; drizzle, dribble (esp. fig.)
‫ رﺷـﺎش‬raššāš pl. -āt water hose; machine gun |‫( ﻣـﺪﻓﻊ رﺷـﺎش‬midfa‘) machine
gun; ‫( ﻣﺴـﺪس رﺷـﺎش‬musaddas) pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺪﺳـﺎت رﺷﺎﺷـﺔ‬submachine gun, Tommy
gun
‫ رﺷﺎﺷـﺔ‬raššāša pl. -āt perfume spray, atomizer; O watering can; shower,
douche (Mor.)
O ‫ ﻣﺮﺷﺔ‬mirašša watering can
573
‫ رﺷـﺢ‬rašaḥa a (rašḥ) to sweat, perspire; to leak, be leaky (vessel); to filter,

strain, percolate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a liquid) II to raise, rear, bring up (‫ ه‬a child); to train,
prepare (‫ ه‬s.o.); to nominate, put up as a candidate (. s.o., ‫ ل‬for, e.g., for an
office), (with ‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsahū) to be a candidate, apply (‫ ل‬for an offioe. etc.);
to filter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be reared, be brought up; to be suited, qualified,
trained (‫ ل‬for s.th.); to be nominated as a candidate, be a nominee (‫ ل‬for
s.th.); to catch a cold
‫ رﺷـﺢ‬rašḥ secretion (of a fluid); perspiration, sweating; leaking, leakiness;
filtering, filtration, percolation; oozing, trickling; cold, catarrh
‫ رﺷﺎﺣﺔ‬rušāḥa transudate, transudation (med.)
‫ ﺗﺮﺷــﻴﺢ‬taršīḥ training, preparation; nomination (as a candidate, for
election); (= ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ )ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ‬candidacy, candidature; election; concession
‫ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ‬taraššuḥ infiltration (med.)
‫ ارﺗﺸﺎح‬irtišāḥ infiltration (med.)
‫ ﻣﺮﺷـﺢ‬muraššiḥ pl. -āt filter; percolator; filtering installation; purification
Confidential
plant
‫ ﻣﺮﺷﺢ‬muraššaḥ pl. -ūn candidate, nominee; having a cold
‫ ﻣﱰﺷﺢ‬mutaraššiḥ pl. -ūn candidate, nominee
‫ رﺷﺪ‬rašada u (rušd) to be on the right way, follow the right course, be well
guided, not go astray (esp., in religious matters); to have the true faith, be a
true believer; to become sensible, become mature, grow up; to come of age
II to lead the right way, guide well (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to lead the right way, guide
well (‫ ه‬s.o.); to load, guide, direct (‫ • اﱃ‬s.o. to s.th.), show (‫ ه‬s.o.) the way
(‫ اﱃ‬to; fig.); to lead s.o. (‫ )ه‬to the discovery that (‫ان‬
‫)اﱃ‬, suggest to s.o. the
idea of, make s.o. realize that; to calls.o.’s (‫ )ه‬attention (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.), point
out (‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o. s.th.); to teach (‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. to do s.th.), instruct, (direct, guide
(‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. in); to inform (‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. about), acquaint s.o. (‫ )ه‬with the facts of
(‫ ;)اﱃ‬to advise, counsel (‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to inform (‫ اﱃ‬against s.o.); to
come of age X to ask (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.) to show the right way, ask s.o. for
guidance or directions; to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for instructions or information; to
574
consult (‫ ه‬s.o.), ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬advice, seek guidance (‫ ه‬from s.o.); to be

guided (‫ ب‬by)
‫ رﺷـﺪ‬rušd integrity of (one’s) actions, proper, sensible conduct; reason,
good sense, senses; consciousness; maturity (of the mind) |‫اﻟﺮﺷـﺪ‬ ‫ ﺳـﻦ‬sinn ar-
r. majority, full legal age; ‫( ﺑﻠـﻎ رﺷـﺪﻩ‬rušdahū) to come of age; ‫ ب اﱃ رﺷـﺪﻩ‬to
come to one’s senses, calm, down, sober up; ‫ ﺿـﺎع رﺷـﺪﻩ‬to go out of one’s
mind; ‫ﺑﺮﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ ذﻫﺐ‬to drive s.o. mad (pain)
‫ رﺷﺪ‬rašad integrity of conduct, straightforwardness, forthrightness
‫ رﺷـﺎد‬rašād integrity of conduct; reason, good sense, senses; maturity;
garden peppergrass (Lepidium sativum L.; bot.)
‫ رﺷـﻴﺪ‬rašīd rightly guided, following the right way; having the true faith;
reasonable, rational, intelligent, discriminating, discerning; mature; (pl.
‫ رﺷﺪاء‬rušadā’) of full legal age, major; Rosetta (city in N Egypt)
‫ ﻣﺮاﺷﻴﺪ‬marāšid2 where the right way leads to; salvation
‫ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬taršīd a declaring (s.o.) of age (jur.)
Confidential
‫ ارﺷـﺎد‬iršād guidance; a conducting, showing the way (‫ اﱃ‬to); guiding
hand; care; spiritual guidance; instruction; direction; directive; information;
advising, advice; pl. ‫)ارﺷــﺎدات‬ directives, directions, instructions, advice
|‫ رﺷـﺎدﻩ‬on his instructions, following his direction; ‫اﻟﻘـﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ وزارة اﻹرﺷـﺎد‬wizārat
al-i. al-qaumī Ministry of National Guidance (Eg.)
‫ ﺷﻌﺮ ارﺷﺎدي‬ši‘r iršādī didactic poetry
‫ راﺷـﺪ‬rāšid following the right way, rightly guided, having the true faith;
sensible, reasonable; of full legal age, major |‫اﻟﺮاﺷـﺪون‬ ‫اﳋﻠﻔـﺎء‬ (kulafā’) the
orthodox caliphs (i.e., Abū Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Utmān, ‘Alī)
‫ ﻣﺮﺷـﺪ‬muršid pl. -ūn leader; guide to the right way; adviser; spiritual
guide; informer; instructor; (ship) pilot; tourist guide; Grand Master, Master
(e.g., of the Moslem Brotherhood)
‫ ﻣﺮﺷﺪة‬muršida woman guide
‫ رﺷﺮش‬rušruš pl. ‫ رﺷﺮش‬rašārīš2 belt
‫ رﺷﺮاش‬rašrāš tender (e.g., meat)
‫ رﺷـﻒ‬rašafa i u (rašf) and rašifa a (raša), V and VIII to suck, sip (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to drink (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to drink up, drain (‫ ﻫـ‬a vessel)
575
‫ رﺷﻔﺔ‬rašfa (n. un.) pl. -āt gulp, sip (of a drink)

‫ رﺷﻖ‬rašaqa u (rašq) to throw (‫ ه ب‬at s.o.
s.th.), pelt, strike, hurt (‫ب‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. with s.th.); to insert, fasten. fix (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
s.th. in); -- rašuqa u (‫ رﺷـﺎﻗﺔ‬rašāqa) to he shapely, of graceful stature; to he
elegant, graceful, lissome VI to pelt one another, hurt one another
‫ رﺷﻴﻖ‬rašīq elegant, graceful (exterior, style); svelte, slender, slim; lissome
‫ رﺷـﺎﻗﺔ‬rašāqa elegance, grace, gracefulness; shapeliness graceful, slender
build; nimbleness, agility
‫ رﺷـﻢ‬rašama u (rašm) to mark, designate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make the sign of the
cross; to seal (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) |‫ رﺷﻢ ﺑﺼﻠﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to make the sign of the cross over; ‫رﺷﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ‬to make the sign of the cross (Chr.)
‫ رﴰـﺔ‬rašm pl. ‫ رﺷــﻮم‬rušūm, ‫ رﺷــﻮﻣﺎت‬rušūmāt sign of the cross (Chr.);
anointment (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ رﴰـﺔ‬rašma ornamental halter decorated with silver pendants, or the like;
camel halter
Confidential
‫ راﺷﻦ‬rāšin tip, baksheesh
‫ )رﺷﺎ )رﺷﻮ‬rašā u (rašw) to bribe (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to accept as bribe, he corrupt,
he venal
‫ رﺷﻮ‬rašw bribery, corruption
‫ رﺷـﻮة‬rišwa, rušwa, rašwa pl. ‫ رﺷـﻰ‬,‫ رﺷـﺎ‬rišan, rušan, (eg.) ‫ رﺷـﺎوى‬rašāwā
bribe; bribery, corruption, dishonesty
‫ رﺷﺎء‬rišā’ rope, well rope
‫ ارﺗﺸﺎء‬irtišā’ venality, corruptibility; bribery, corruption
‫ رص‬raṣṣa u (raš ) ṣto fit tightly together, press together, compress (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to ram, force ( ‫ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into the ground); to pile up, stack up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
join together, line up, align, arrange .ide by side (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to fit tightly
together, press together, compress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to ram home (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to coat or
cover with lead (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to be pressed together, be packed together; to
press together, crowd together; to be or become compact
‫ رﺻﺎص‬raṣāṣ lead; bullets | ‫ﻗﻠﻢ رﺻﺎص‬qalam r. pencil
‫ رﺻﺎﺻﺔ‬raṣāṣa (n. un.) pellet; bullet
‫ رﺻﺎﺻﻲ‬raṣāṣī lead, (made) of lead; leady; leaden, lead-colored, dull gray
576
‫ رﺻﻴﺺ‬raṣīṣ compressed, closely packed, jammed together; compact

O ‫ ﺗﺮاص‬tarāṣṣ agglutination
‫ رﺻـﺪ‬raṣada u (raṣd) to keep one’s eyes (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to lie in wait (‫ ه‬for); to
observe (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.). watch (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. or over s.th.), control (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to conjure (‫ه‬
demon) | ‫ رﺻـﺪ اﻷﻓـﻼك‬to observe the stars, practice astronomy II to provide,
set aside, earmark (‫ ﻫ ـ‬funds); to prepare, keep ready (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to balance
(‫ اﳊﺴـﺎب‬the account; com.) IV to keep ready (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to provide, set aside,
earmark (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., esp. funds, for); to procure, get (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V ‫ ﺗﺮﺻﺪ اﻷﻓـﻼك‬to
observe the stars, practice astronomy
‫ رﺻــﺪ‬raṣd, raṣad pl. ‫ ارﺻــﺎد‬arṣād observation | ‫ رﺻــﺪ اﻷﻓــﻼك‬r. al-aflāk
stargazing, astronomy; ‫ارﺻـﺎد ﺟﻮﻳــﺔ‬ (jawwīya) meteorological observation;
‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻷرﺻﺎد‬weather report
‫ رﺻﺪﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬raṣdakāna observatory
‫ رﺻـﺪ‬raṣad pl. ‫ ارﺻـﺎد‬arṣād spy, watcher, watchdog; lookout, observation
Confidential
post; ambush; talisman
‫ رﺻﺎد‬raṣṣād: ‫ رﺻﺎد اﳉﻮ‬r. al-jaww meteorologist
‫ رﺻـﻴﺪ‬raṣīd pl. ‫ ارﺻـﺪة‬arṣida stock on hand (of merchandise, of supplies);
avaible funds; balance (com.; also = remainder of a sum to be paid later);
capital (fin.) | ‫ﺷـﻴﻚ ﻳـﺪون رﺻـﻴﺪ‬ uncovered check, check without sufficient
covering funds
‫ ﻣﺮﺻــﺪ‬marṣad pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺻــﺪ‬marāṣid 2 observatory | ‫(ﻣﺮﺻــﺪ ﺟــﻮي‬jawwī)
meteorological station, weather station
O ‫ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ‬marṣad telescope
‫ ﻣﺮﺻـﺎد‬mirṣād observation post, look-out; ambush | ‫ وﻗـﻒ اﳌﺮﺻـﺎد‬to lie in
wait; ‫ﳌﺮﺻﺎد‬ ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻨﻪ‬and ‫ وﻗﻒ ﻟﻪ ﳌﺮﺻﺎد‬to lie in ambush for s.o., waylay s.o.
‫ راﺻـﺪ‬rāṣid registering; (pl. ‫ رﺻـﺎد‬ruṣṣād) watcher, watchdog, spy |O ‫ﺧﺰﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ راﺻﺪة‬cash register; O ‫( ﻣﻴﺰان راﺻﺪ‬mīzān) self-registering balance
‫ راﺻﺪة‬rāṣida: ‫( راﺻﺪة ﻓﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬falakīya) telescope
‫ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺮﺻﻮد‬mablag marṣūd security, cover (fin.)
577
‫ رﺻـﻊ‬II to inlay, set, stud (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with gems or gold); to adorn,

decorate, ornament (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. with)
‫ رﺻـﻒ‬raṣafa u (raṣf) to pave, lay with stone (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- raṣufa u (‫رﺻـﺎﻓﺔ‬
raṣāfa) to be firmly joined II to lay with flagstones, pave (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رﺻﻒ‬raṣf paving (of roads)
‫ رﺻــﻴﻒ‬raṣīf firmly joined, firm, solid, compact; -- (pl. ‫ ارﺻــﻔﺔ‬arṣifa)
pavement; sidewalk; quay; wharf, pier; mole, jetty; platform; (pl. ‫رﺻـﻔﺎء‬
ruṣafā’) colleague |‫ رﺻﻴﻒ اﶈﻄﺔ‬r. al-maḥaṭṭa (railway) platform; ‫رﺻﻴﻒ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫( اﳊﻔـﺮ ﰲ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬li-a‘māli l-ḥafr fī l-baḥr) offshore drilling platform (for oil
drilling); ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺋﺪ اﻟﺮﺻﻴﻒ‬awā’id ar-r. quayage, pierage, wharfage
‫ رﺻـﻴﻔﺔ‬raṣīfa pl. -āt woman colleague |‫( رﺻـﻴﻔﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﻐـﺮاء‬garrā’) a phrase of
courtesy used by one newspaper when referring to another; approx.: our
honorable friends
‫ رﺻﺎﻓﺔ‬raṣāfa firmness compactness
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮﺻﻮف‬marṣūf paved (‫ ب‬with)
‫ رﺻـﻦ‬raṣuna u (‫ رﺻـﺎﻧﺔ‬raṣāna) to be firm, strong; to be sedate, calm,
composed
‫ رﺻﲔ‬raṣīn firm, unshakable; sedate, calm, composed
‫ رﺻﺎﻧﺔ‬raṣāna sedateness, composure, calmness, equanimity
‫ رض‬raḍḍa u (raḍḍ) to crush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to bruise (‫ ﻫـ‬a part of the body)
‫ رض‬raḍḍ pl. ‫ رﺿﻮض‬ruḍūḍ bruise, contusion
‫ رﺿﻴﺾ‬raḍīḍ crushed; bruised
‫ رﺿﺎب‬ruḍāb spittle, saliva
‫ رﺿـﺦ‬raḍaka a i (raḍk) to break, smash, shatter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to crack (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
kernel); -- raḍaka a (raḍk) to give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.) a small, paltry present; -- (ruḍūk)
to yield, bow, give in, subordinate o.s., submit (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.) VIII ‫ارﺗﻀﺦ‬
‫( ﻟﻜﻨﺔ‬luknatan) to speak Arabic with a foreign accent
‫ رﺿﺦ‬raḍk, ‫ رﺿﺨﺔ‬raḍka a small, paltry gift
‫ رﺿﻴﺤﺔ‬raḍīka a small, paltry gift; tip, baksheesh
578
‫ رﺿـﻮخ‬ruḍūk submission, surrender; yielding, compliance; sympathetic

understanding (‫ ل‬of)
‫ ﻣﺮﺿﺎح‬mirḍāk nutcracker
‫ رﺿﺮض‬raḍraḍa to break into coarse pieces, pound, crush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رﺿﺮاض‬raḍrāḍ pebbles, gravel
‫ رﺿـﻊ‬raḍi‘a a and raḍa‘a i a (raḍ‘, ‫ رﺿـﺎع‬raḍā‘) to suck (‫ ﺛـﺪي أﻣـﻪ‬tadya
ummihī at its mother’s breast) II and IV to nurse at the breast, suckle,
breast-feed (‫ ه‬a baby)
‫ رﺿـﻴﻊ‬raḍī‘ pl: ‫ رﺿـﻌﺎء‬ruḍa‘ā‘2, ‫ رﺿـﺎﺋﻊ‬raḍā’i‘2 suckling, infant, baby; foster
brother
O ‫ رﺿﺎﻋﺔ‬raḍā‘a pl. -āt nursing bottle
‫ رﺿﺎع‬riḍā‘ foster relationship
‫ راﺿﻊ‬rāḍi‘ pl. ‫ رﺿﻊ‬ruḍḍa‘ sucking; suckling, infant, baby; infant (adj.)
‫ ﻣﺮﺿـﻊ‬murḍi‘ and ‫ ﻣﺮﺿـﻌﺔ‬murḍi‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺿـﻊ‬marāḍi‘2 wet nurse; foster
Confidential
mother
‫ رﺿﻪ‬abbreviation of see ‫رﺿﻰ‬
‫ رﺿﺎ‬see ‫ رﺿﻰ‬riḍan
‫ رﺿـﻲ‬raḍiya a (‫ رﺿـﻰ‬riḍan, ‫ رﺿـﻮان‬riḍwān, ‫ ﻣﺮﺿـﺎة‬marḍāh) to be satisfied, be
content (‫ب‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬with); to consent, agree (‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬to); to approve ( ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬of), accept, sanction (‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to accept the fact, resign o.s.
to the fact (‫ ان‬that); to be pleased (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with); to wish, desire (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., ‫ ل‬for s.o.) |‫( رﺿـﻲ ﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻪ ب‬li-nafsihī) to permit o.s. s.th.; ‫ﻣـﺎ رﺿـﻲ ﳍـﺎ اﳌﺬﻟـﺔ‬
(madalla) he had no desire to humiliate her; ‫( رﺿـﻲ او اﰉ‬au abā) whether he
likes it or not; ‫ﻋﺘـﻪ‬ ‫( رﺿـﻲ ﷲ‬Isl. eulogy) may God be pleased with him; ‫رﺿـﻲ‬
‫( ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤـﺔ ﻹ ب‬iyāb) to be content to return without booty, be happy to
have saved one’s skin n to satisfy, gratify, please (‫ ه‬s.o.); to compensate (‫ه‬
s.o.) III to seek to satisfy, try to please (‫ ه‬s.o.); to propitiate, conciliate, win
(‫ ه‬s.o.), gain the good will of (‫ )ه‬IV to satisfy, gratify, please (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
seek to satisfy, try to please (‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to propitiate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
579
conciliate. appease (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to come to terms VIII to be satisfied, content,

pleased (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to consent, agree (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to approve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.),
sanction (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) X to seek to satisfy, try to conciliate, treat in a conciliatory
manner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to conciliate, appease (‫ ه‬s.o.); to show o.s. obliging, make
o.s. popular, ingratiate o.s., try to gain good will or favor
‫ رﺿــﺎ‬,‫رﺿــﻰ‬ riḍan contentment, contentedness, satisfaction; agreement,
consent, assent, acceptance, approval; pleasure, delight; good will, favor | ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ رﺿﻰ‬readily, gladly; ‫ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﺮﺿﻰ‬easy to please, easily reconciled
‫ رﺿـﻲ‬raḍīy pl. ‫ ارﺿـﻴﺎء‬arḍiyā’2 satisfied, content; pleasant, agreeable | ‫ﺑـﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫( راﺿﻴﺔ‬bi-nafs) gladly
‫ رﺿـﻮان‬riḍwān consent, assent, agreement, acceptance, approval, sanction;
good will, favor; pleasure, delight
‫ ﻣﺮﺿـﺎة‬marḍāh a means affording satisfaction or gratification; satisfaction,
pleasure
‫ ﺗﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬tarḍiya satisfaction, gratification; compensation
Confidential
‫ رﺿـﺎء‬riḍā’ contentment, contentedness, satisfaction; agreement, consent,
assent, acceptance, approval, sanction; propitiation, conciliation
‫ ﳌﺮاﺿﺎة‬bi-l-murāḍāh by fair means, amicably
‫ إرﺿـﺎء‬irḍā’ satisfaction, gratification; fulfillment (of a claim, of a desire)
|‫اﻻرﺿﺎء‬ ‫ ﺻﻌﺐ‬ṣa‘b al-i. hard to please, fastidious
‫ ﺗﺮاض‬tarāḍin mutual consent
‫ اﺳﱰﺿــﺎء‬istirḍā’ conciliatory attitude, conciliatoriness; propitiation,
conciliation
‫ اﺳﱰﺿﺎﺋﻲ‬istirḍā’ī conciliatory
‫ راض‬rāḍin pl. ‫ رﺿـﺎة‬ruḍāh satisfied, content; agreeing, consenting; willing,
ready; pleasant, agreeable (life)
‫ ﻣــﺮض‬murḍin satisfactory; satisfying; pleasant, pleasing, gratifying,
sufficient
‫ رﻃـﺐ‬raṭiba a and raṭuba u (‫ رﻃﻮﺑـﺔ‬ruṭūba, ‫ رﻃﺎﺑـﺔ‬raṭāba) to be moist, damp,
humid; to be wet II to moisten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cool, refresh; to soothe, soften,
calm (‫ اﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‬al-qalba the heart); to become succulent, mellow, ripen (dates)
580
IV to moisten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to become succulent, mellow, ripen (dates) V to be

moistened; to be cooled, be refreshed; to be soothed, be softened, be calmed
‫ رﻃـﺐ‬raṭb moist, damp, humid; wet; fresh, cool; juicy, succulent, tender
(plant)
‫ رﻃﺐ‬ruṭab (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ارﻃﺎب‬arṭāb, ‫ رﻃﺎب‬riṭāb fresh, ripe dates
‫ رﻃﻴــﺐ‬raṭīb pl. ‫ رﻃــﺎب‬riṭāb moist, damp, humid; fresh, cool; juicy,
succulent, tender (plant)
‫ رﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬rṭūba moisture, dampness, humidity; wetness
‫ راﻃﺐ‬rāṭib moist, damp, humid; wet
‫ ﻣﺮﻃﺒﺎت‬muraṭṭibat refreshments, soft drinks
‫ رﻃﻞ‬raṭl pl. ‫ ارﻃﺎل‬arṭāl rotl, a weight (in Eg. = 449.28 g; in Syr. = 3.202 kg,
in Beirut and Aleppo = 2.566 kg)
‫ رﻃـﻢ‬raṭama u (raṭm) to involve, implicate, drag (‫ ه ﰲ‬s.o. into s.th.
unpleasant) VIII to tumble, fall, plunge (‫ ﰲ‬into); to stick fast, be stuck; to be
involved, be entangled (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.); to run aground, strand (ship); to bump,
Confidential
hit, crash (‫ ب‬against)
O ‫ ﻣﺮﻃﻢ‬marṭam breakwater, mole, jetty
‫ رﻃـﻦ‬raṭana u (‫ رﻃﺎﻧـﺔ‬raṭāna, riṭāna) to speak unintelligible language, talk

gibberish, jabber
‫ رﻃﺎﻧﺔ‬raṭāna, riṭāna lingo, gibberish
‫ رﻃﻴﲎ‬rujainā lingo, gibberish
‫ رﻋﺎع‬ra‘ā‘ rabble, mob, riffraff, scum, ragtag; rowdies, hooligans
‫ رﻋـﺐ‬ra‘aba a (ru‘b) to be alarmed, terrified; to be afraid, be scared II and
IV to frighten, scare, terrify (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to become frightened, become
alarmed, be afraid
‫ رﻋﺐ‬ru‘b fright, alarm, dismay
‫ ارﻋﺎب‬ir‘āb frightening, intimidation
‫ راﻋﺐ‬rā‘ib dreadful, horrifying, terrible
‫ ﻣﺮﻋﻮب‬mar‘ūb frightened, terrified, appalled, afraid
‫ ﻣﺮﻋﺐ‬mur‘ib frightening, terrifying, terrible, horrible, dreadful
581
‫ رﻋـﺪ‬ra‘ada a u (ra‘d) to thunder; to appall (‫ ل ب‬s.o. with) IV to make (‫ه‬

s.o.) tremble; pass. ur‘ida to shudder, shiver, tremble (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with, e.g., with
fear) VIII to tremble
‫ رﻋﺪ‬ra‘d pl. ‫ رﻋﻮد‬ru‘ūd thunder
‫ رﻋﺪة‬ra‘da, ri‘da tremor; shudder; shiver
‫ رﻋﺎد‬ra‘‘ād (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬electric ray (zool.)
‫ رﻋﺪﻳﺪ‬ri‘dīd pl. ‫ رﻋﺎدﻳﺪ‬ra‘ādīd2 cowardly; coward
‫ رﻋـﺮع‬ra‘ra‘a to come into the prime of life (youth) II tara‘ra‘a to grow,
develop, flourish, thrive
‫ رﻋﺮع‬ra‘ra‘, ru‘rū‘ pl. ‫ رﻋﺎرع‬ra‘āri‘2 in full bloom
‫ رﻋﺮاع اﻳﻮب‬ra‘rā‘ ayyūb (eg.) a variety of fleabane (Pulicaria arabica Coss.,
Pulicarla inuloides D.C.; bot.)
‫ رﻋـﺶ‬ra‘aša a (ra‘š) and ra’iša a (ra’aš) to tremble, shake IV to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) tremble; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) shiver VIII = ra’aša
‫ رﻋﺸﺔ‬ri‘ša tremor |‫ رﻋﺸﺔ اﳊﻤﻰ‬r. al-ḥummā feverish shiver
Confidential
‫ ارﺗﻌﺎش‬irti‘āš tremor, trembling
‫ رﻋﺺ‬V and VIII to writhe, wind, coil
‫ رﻋﻒ‬ra‘afa u a and ra‘ifa a: ‫( رﻋﻒ اﻧﻔﻪ‬anfahū) to have a nosebleed
‫ رﻋﺎف‬ru‘āf and ‫ رﻋﻴﻒ‬ra‘īf nosebleed
‫ راﻋﻒ‬rā‘if tip of the nose
‫ رﻋﻠﺔ‬ru‘la wreath
‫ رﻋﻴـﻞ‬ra‘īl pl. ‫ رﻋـﺎل‬ri‘āl squadron of armored, motorized, or cavalry troops
(Syr., Ir.; mil.)
‫ رﻋﺎم‬ru‘ām gladers
‫ رﻋﻤﺴﻴﺲ‬ra‘amsīs Ramses (name of Eg. kings)
‫ رﻋـﻦ‬ra‘ana u (‫ رﻋﻮﻧـﺔ‬ru‘ūna) to be lightheaded, frivolous; -- ra‘ana u (ra‘n):
‫ رﻋﻨﺘﻪ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ra‘anathu š-šamsu to have a sunstroke
‫ رﻋﻦ‬ra‘n sunstroke; -- (pl. ‫ رﻋﺎن‬ri‘ān) mountain peak
‫ ارﻋــﻦ‬ar‘an2 lightheaded, frivolous, flippant, rash, heedless, careless;
stupid, silly; thoughtless; unsteady, fickle, volatile
‫ رﻋﻮﻧﺔ‬ru‘ūna pl. -āt levity, frivolity, flippancy; thoughtlessness
582
‫ )رﻋـﺎ )رﻋـﻮ‬ra‘ā u (ra‘w, ‫ رﻋـﻮة‬ra‘wa, ru‘wa, ‫ رﻋـﻮى‬ra‘wā, ru‘wā) and IX ‫ارﻋـﻮى‬

ir‘awā to desist (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from sin, from error), repent, see the light | ‫ارﻋـﻮى‬
‫( ﻋﻦ ﻏﻴﻪ‬gayyihī) to repent, turn over a new leaf
‫ رﻋﻮى‬ra‘wā, ru‘wā repentance, amendment, conversion
‫ رﻋﻮى‬ra‘awī and ‫ رﻋﻮﻳﺔ‬see ‫رﻋﻰ‬
‫ رﻋـﻰ‬ra‘ā a (ra‘y, ‫ رﻋﺎﻳـﺔ‬ri‘āya, ‫ ﻣﺮﻋـﻰ‬mar‘an) to graze; to tend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a flock of
animals); -- (ra‘y, ‫ رﻋﺎﻳـﺔ‬ri‘āya) to guard, protect, take under one’s wing (‫ه‬
s.o.); to care (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), take care (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to watch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over); to male a
point (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), make it one’s business; to observe, bear in mind, heed,
respect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to adhere (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), comply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), abide (e.g., ‫‘ ﻋﻬـﺪا‬ahdan
or ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻫـﺪة‬ mu‘āhadatan by a treaty or an agreement, etc.); to take into
consideration (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), allow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.) in to supervise, watch, control (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), keep an eye (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to maintain, keep up, preserve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
Confidential
observe, bear in mind, heed, respect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), comply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with, e.g., with
regulations); to take into consideration, take into account (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), allow,
make allowance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.); to show deference, regard or respect (‫ ه‬for

s.o.); to make provision, see to it (‫ ان‬that) |‫ﺧـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬ ‫( راﻋـﻰ‬kāṭirahū) to defer to
s.o., respect s.o.’s feelings or wishes IV ‫ﲰﻌـﻰ‬ ‫ ارﻋﻴﺘـﻪ‬ar‘aituhū sam‘ī I listened
to him; ‫ارﻋـﲎ ﲰﻌـﻚ‬ ar‘inī sam‘aka listen to me! ‫( ارﻋـﻰ ﻫ ـ ﻧﻈـﺮﻩ‬naẓarahū) to
follow s.th. attentively with one’s eyes VIII to graze, pasture (cattle) X to
attract (‫ ﻧﻈــﺮﻩ‬naẓarahū s.o.’s eyes, ‫اﻧﺘﺒﺎﻫــﻪ‬ intibāhahū s.o.’s attention); to
observe (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رﻋـﻰ‬ra‘y care, keeping, custody, guardianship; protection; observance (‫ل‬
of), adherence (‫ ل‬to, e.g., to agreements) | ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ رﻋﻴﺎ‬God be with you!
‫ رﻋﻴـﺔ‬ra‘īya pl. ‫ رﻋـﺎ‬ra‘āyā herd, flock; parish (Chr.); subjects, citizens; a
subject, a citizen
‫ رﻋـﻮي‬ra‘awī, ‫ رﻋـﺎوى‬ra‘āwī and ‫ رﻋـﺎﺋﻰ‬ra‘ā’ī pastoral, bucolic | ‫ﻛﻨﻴﺴـﺔ رﻋﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬
parish church (Chr.); ‫رﻋﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬pastoral letter (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺮﻋﻰ‬mar‘ā pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاع‬marā‘in grassland, grazing land; pasture
583
‫ رﻋﺎﻳــﺔ‬ri‘āya keeping, custody, charge, care; attention, consideration,

regard; patronage, auspices, sponsorship, protectorate |‫رﻋﺎﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﲢـﺖ‬ under the
auspices of, sponsored by; ‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ رﻋﺎﻳـﺔ اﻟﻄﻔـﻞ‬markaz r. al-ṭifl health center for
children (Eg.); ‫ ﺷﺮط ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠـﺔ اﻟـﺪول اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ رﻋﺎﻳـﺔ‬šarṭ mu‘āmalat ad-duwal al-aktar
ri‘āyatan most-favored nation clause
‫ ﻣﺮاﻋــﺎة‬murā‘āh consideration, regard, deference, respect; compliance
(with), observance (e.g., of regulations, of duties, etc.) | ‫ل‬ ‫( ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬murā‘atan)
in deference to, out of regard for, for the lab of; in observance of; ‫ﻣﺮاﻋـﺎة‬
‫ ﳋـﻮاﻃﺮﻫﻢ‬out of deference to them, out of regard for their feelings, wishes,
etc.; ‫ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻫﺬا‬taking this into account, bearing this in mind
‫ راع‬rā‘in pl. ‫ رﻋـﺎة‬ru‘āh, ‫ رﻋﻴـﺎن‬ru‘yān, ‫ رﻋـﺎء‬ru‘ā’, ri‘ā’ shepherd, herdsman;

guardian, keeper, protector; patron, sponsor; pastor (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺮﻋﻰ‬mar‘ā observed, complied with
‫ رﻏـﺐ‬ragiba a (‫ رﻏﺒـﺔ‬ragba, ‫ رﻏـﺐ‬ragab) to desire, wish, want, crave, covet
Confidential
(‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to ask (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬for s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.), request (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to prefer (‫ ﰲ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to, also ‫ ب ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. to), like
s.th. (‫ﰲ‬, also ‫ )ب‬better than (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, also ‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to dislike, detest, loathe (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.th.), have a distaste (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for); to wish (‫ب‬ ‫ ل‬s.o. s.th.) |‫( ﻻ ﻳﺮﻏـﺐ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬yurgabu)
undesirable II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) desirous (‫ ﰲ‬of), awaken a desire, a wish (‫ه ﰲ‬
in s.o. for); to interest (‫ ه ﰲ‬s.o. in s.th.), excite s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬interest in (‫ ;)ﰲ‬to
awaken an aversion (‫ ه ﻋﻦ‬in s.o. to s.th.) IV = II
‫ رﻏﺐ‬ragab: ‫ رﻏﺒﺎ ورﻫﺒﺎ‬ragaban wa-rahaban torn between greed and fear

‫ رﻏﺒﺔ‬ragba pl. ragabāt wish, desire, longing, appetite (‫ ﰲ‬for)
‫ رﻏﻴﺒﺔ‬ragība pl. ‫ رﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬ragā’ib2 object of desire, desideratum; wish, desire
‫ ﺗﺮﻏﻴـﺐ‬targīb awakening of a desire or longing (‫ ﰲ‬for); incitement to
covetousness; invitation, attraction
‫ راﻏـﺐ‬rāgib pl. ‫ رﻏﺒـﺔ‬desiring, desirous |‫ ﻵﺧـﺮ راﻏـﺐ‬li-ākiri rāgibin (sale) to
the highest bidder
‫ ﻣﺮﻏــﻮب‬margūb: ‫ ﻣﺮﻏــﻮب ﻓﻴــﻪ‬coveted, sought after, in demand; desired,
desirable; ‫ ﻏـﲑ ﻣﺮﻏـﻮب ﻓﻴـﻪ‬undesirable; ‫( ﺷـﺨﺺ ﻣﺮﻏـﻮب ﻓﻴـﻪ‬šakṣ) persona grata,
584
‫ﺷــﺨﺺ ﻏــﲑ ﻣﺮﻏــﻮب ﻓﻴــﻪ‬ persona non grate (dipl.); ‫ﻣﺮﻏــﻮب ﻋﻨــﻪ‬ undesirable,
unwanted, objectionable, loathsome
‫ ﻣﺮﻏﺒﺎت‬muraggibāt attractions, lures, advantages
‫ رﻏﺚ‬ragaṭa a (rugt) to suck (‫ ﻫﺎ‬at the mother’s teats; said of animals)
‫ رﻏﻮث‬ragūt unweaned young female animal
‫ رﻏـﺪ‬raguda u (‫ رﻏـﺎدة‬ragāda) and ragida (rugd) to be pleasant, comfortable,
carefree (life)
‫ رﻏـﺪ‬ragd easy, carefree, pleasant, agreeable (life) | ‫‘(ﻋـﻴﺶ رﻏـﺪ‬aiš) a life of
plenty and opulence
‫ رﻏﻴـﺪ‬ragīd easy, carefree, pleasant, agreeable (life) | ‫‘( ﻋـﻴﺶ رﻏﻴـﺪ‬aiš) a life
of plenty and opulence
‫ رﻏﺪ‬ragad comfort, opulenoe, affluence (of living)
‫ رﻏﺎدة‬ragāda comfort, opulence, affluence (of living)
1‫ رﻏﺮغ‬ragraga to live in opulence and luxury
2 ‫ رﻏﺮغ‬ragraga (= ‫ ﻏﺮﻏﺮ‬gargara) to gargle

‫ ارﻏﺎﻃﺔ‬urgāṭa pl. –āt, ‫ اراﻏﻴﻂ‬arāgīṭ (eg.) windlass, winch; capstan
Confidential
‫ رﻏﻴﻒ‬ragīf pl. ‫ ارﻏﻔﺔ‬argifa, ‫ رﻏﻔـﺎن‬rugfān, ‫ رﻏـﻒ‬ruguf loaf of bread; roll, bun
(syr.)
‫ رﻏﻢ‬IV to foroe, compel, coerce (‫ ه ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. to do s.th.)
‫ رﻏـﻢ‬ragma (prep.) despite, in spite of |‫ رﻏـﻢ ان‬although, though; ‫رﻏﻤـﺎ ﻋـﻦ‬
ragman ‘an in spite of, despite; ‫اﻧﻔـﻪ‬ ‫( رﻏﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ‬anfihī) and ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ اﻧﻔـﻪ‬just
to spite him, in defiance of him, against, his will; ‫ ﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ‬bi-r-rami min and
‫ ﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻋﻦ‬and ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ‬despite, in spite of; ‫ ﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ ﻫـﺬا‬in spite of all
this; ‫ ﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬and ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬against s.o.’s will; against one’s own will,
reluctantly, without wanting it; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ رﻏـﻢ ﻣـﲏ‬alā ragmin minnī without my
wanting it; ‫ ﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ‬in spite of the fact that, although; ‫ اﻻ رﻏﻤـﺎ‬... ‫ ﻻ‬lā … illā
ragman only reluctantly, only with great effort
‫ رﻏﺎم‬ragām dust and sand
‫ رﻏﺎم‬rugām mucus
‫ رﻏﺎﻣﻰ‬rugāmā windpipe, trachea (anat.)
585
‫ ﻣﺮﻏﻤـﺔ‬margama pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮاﻏﻢ‬marāgim2 compulsion, coercion, force; aversion,

unwillingness, reluctance, dislike, distaste
‫ ارﻏﺎم‬irgām compulsion (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
‫ راﻏــﻢ‬rāgim reluctant, unwilling |‫( واﻧﻔــﻪ راﻏــﻢ‬anfuhū) (as a ḥāl clause)
reluctantly, grudgingly
‫ ارﻏﻦ‬look up alphabetically
‫ )رﻏـﺎ )رﻏـﻮ‬ragā u (ragw) to foam, froth II and IV do. |‫( ارﻏـﻰ وازﺑـﺪ‬azbada) to
fume with rage
‫ رﻏﻮ‬ragwa, rugwa pl. ‫ رﻏﺎو‬ragāwin foam, froth, spume; lather; dross, slag
‫ رﻏﻮي‬ragwī foamy, frothy
‫ رﻏﺎء‬raggā’ windbag (fig., of a person); garrulous; chatterbox, prattler
‫ رﻏﺎوة‬rugāwā foam, froth, spume
‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻟـﻪ ﻏﻴـﺔ وﻻ راﻏﻴـﺔ‬:‫( راغ‬tāgiya) he has absolutely nothing, he is devoid of
all resources, prop.: he has neither a bleating (sheep) nor a braying (camel)
‫ رف‬raffa i (raff, ‫ رﻓﻴـﻒ‬rafīf) to gleam, shimmer, glisten, glitter; -- u i (raff)
Confidential
to quiver, twitch; to flicker; to flap the wings (bird); to flutter; to wave,
stream; to flash, flare for a moment; to appear suddenly; -- u I to be anxious
to please (‫ ل‬s.o.). serve (‫ ل‬s.o.) diligently |‫ذاﻛﺮﺗـﻪ‬ ‫ رف ﻋﻠـﻰ‬it flashed through
his mind, it occurred to him all of a sudden
‫ رف‬raff flight, covey (of birds)
‫ رف‬raff pl. ‫ رﻓـﻮف‬rufūf, ‫ رﻓـﺎف‬rifāf shelf; rack; ledge | ‫ وﺿـﻌﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﺮف‬to
shelve s.th., put s.th. aside
‫ رﻓﺎف‬raffāf radiant, flashing, sparkling, glistening
‫ رﻓﺄ‬rafa’a a (raf’) to mend, repair, patch (‫ ﻫـ‬clothing), sew up, fine-draw (‫ﻫـ‬
a rent), darn (‫ ﻫـ‬socks); to drag (‫ ﻫـ‬a boat) on shore
‫ رﻓﺎء‬raffā’ darner, fine-drawer
‫ رﻓـﺎء‬rifā’ (marital) harmony, love |‫( ﻟﺮﻓـﺎء واﻟﺒﻨـﲔ‬banīn) live in harmony and
beget sons! (felicitation to newlyweds)
‫ ﻣﺮﻓﺄ‬marfa’ pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻓﺊ‬marāfi’2 landing place wharf, quay; port, harbor
1‫ رﻓﺖ‬rafata i u (raft) to break, smash, crush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to reject, turn down,
decline (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to dismiss, discharge (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. from service)

‫ رﻓﺖ‬raft dismissal, discharge (from service)
586
‫ رﻓﺖ‬rufāt mortal remains, body (of a person)

2‫ رﻓﺘﻴﺔ‬raftīya transit duty; clearance certificate, clearance papers (com.)
‫ رﻓﺚ‬rafata i u to behave in an obscene manner
‫ رﻓﺚ‬rafat obscenity
‫ رﻓﺢ‬rafaḥ Rafah (town in S Gaza sector)
‫ رﻓـﺪ‬rafada i (rafd) to support, aid, help (‫ ه‬s.o.); to support, uphold, carry
(‫ ه‬s.th.) IV to support, aid, help (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for support, appeal
(‫ ه‬to s.o.) for help
‫ رﻓﺪ‬rifd pl. ‫ رﻓﻮد‬rufūd, ‫ ارﻓﺎد‬arfād present, gift; support
‫ رﻓﺎدة‬rifāda dressing, bandage (over a wound); saddlecloth, pad
‫ راﻓـﺪ‬rāfid pl. ‫ رواﻓـﺪ‬rawāfid2 tributary stream; ‫ اﻟﺮاﻓـﺪان‬ar-rāfidān (Euphrates
and Tigris = ) Mesopotamia, Iraq
‫ راﻓﺪة‬rāfida pl. ‫ رواﻓﺪ‬rawāfid2 support, prop; rafter
‫ رﻓﺮف‬rafrafa to flap the wings (bird); to flutter (flag, wings, or the like); to
Confidential
blow (wind); to blindfold (‫ ﻫـ‬the eyes)
‫رﻓـﺮف‬rafrāf pl. ‫ رﻓـﺎرف‬rafārif 2 cushion, pad; eyeshade, visor (of a cap);
fender (of an automobile)
‫ رﻓﺮوف‬rafrūf pl. ‫ رﻓﺎرﻳﻒ‬rafārīf2 eye bandage
‫ رﻓﺲ‬rafasa i u (rafs) to kick (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ رﻓﺲ‬rafsa (n. vic.) kick
‫ رﻓﺎس‬raffās steam launch, steamboat; motor tug; O propeller
‫ رﻓﺶ‬rafš shovel, spade
‫ رﻓﺎص‬raffāṣ (= ‫ رﻓﺎس‬raffās) steam launch, steamboat
‫ رﻓـﺾ‬rafaḍa i u (rafḍ) to leave, abandon (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to discard, dismiss (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to reject, turn down, decline, refuse to accept (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to finish,
conclude, terminate V to he bigoted, fanatic IX to scatter, disperse, break
up; to disappear, cease (e.g., pain); to drip (sweat)
‫ رﻓﺾ‬rafḍ dismissal; rejection, refusal, nonacceptance
‫ رﻓﻴﺾ‬rafīḍ abandoned; rejected, dismissed
‫ ﺗﺮﻓﺾ‬taraffuḍ bigotry, fanaticism
587
‫ راﻓﻀﺔ‬rāfiḍa pl. ‫ رواﻓﺾ‬rawāfiḍ2 turncoats, renegades, dissenters, defectors;

troops having deserted their leader; Rafidites, a Shiitio sect
‫ راﻓﻀــﻲ‬rāfiḍī pl. ‫ ارﻓــﺎض‬arfāḍ apostate, renegade, turncoat; Rafidite;
disloyal, rebellious; bigoted, fanatical
‫ رﻓﻊ‬rafa‘a a (raf‘) to lift, lift up, raise aloft, heave up, hoist up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
raise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., one’s head, also fig.: e.g., the intellectual level, a price);
to raise in esteem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make high or higher (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to elevate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to heighten, exalt, enhance (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to raise, promote (‫ ه اﱃ‬s.o. to the
rank of); to fly, let up (‫ﻫ ـ‬, e.g., a kite); to hoist, run up (‫‘ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎ‬alaman or ‫راﻳـﺔ‬
rāyatan a flag); to take off, doff, tip (‫ ﻗﺒﻌﺘـﻪ‬qubba‘atahū one’s hat); to place,
fasten or attach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) high above; to erect, set up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to raise (‫ﺻـﻮﺗﻪ‬
ṣautahū one’s voice); to remove, take away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ ﻣـﻦ‬ s.th. from); to
abolish, eliminate (‫ﻫـ‬s.th.); to lift (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., a ban), put an end (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.);
to remedy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a mistake); to free, relieve (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. of s.th.); to put s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
before s.o. (‫)اﱃ‬, submit (‫ ه اﱃ‬s.th., e.g., a petition, to), file (‫ ﻫ ـ اﱃ‬a report,
and the like, with a proper authority); to present, dedicate (‫ ﻫـ اﱃ‬s.th. to s.o.);
to offer up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬sacrifices; Chr.); to make, deliver (‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮا‬a report); to start,

initiate (‫ ﻗﻀـﻴﺔ‬qaḍīyata legal action); to ascribe (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a Prophetic tradition to
an authority or source); (gram.) to pronounce the final consonant with u; to
put (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a word) in the nominative or indicative, respectively; pass. rufi‘a it
appeared, came in sight, became visible (‫ ل‬before s.o.); ‫ رﻓـﻊ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬rufi‘a ‘anhu
he regained consciousness |‫ﺷـﻲء‬ ‫ رﻓﻊ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻓﻮق‬to put s.th. before or above s.th.
else; ‫( رﻓـﻊ ﺑـﻪ رأﺳـﺎ‬rafa‘a) to pay attention to s.th.; ‫( رﻓـﻊ ﻣـﻦ ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ‬min ša’nihī) to
enhance the importance of s.th.; to speak of s.th. in glowing terms; ‫رﻓـﻊ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫( ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘـﻪ‬makānatihī) to upgrade s.th.; ‫( رﻓـﻊ ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬yadaihī) to desist, refrain

from s.th.; ‫( رﻓﻊ اﻟـﺪﻋﻮى ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬da‘wā) to sue s.o., lodge a complaint against s.o.
(‫ اﻣـﺎم‬in a court); ‫( رﻓـﻊ ﻗﻀـﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬qaḍīyatan) or ‫ رﻓـﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﻗﻀـﻴﺔ‬to bring legal action
against s.o., go with s.o. to court; ‫ رﻓـﻊ اﻻﺳـﺘﺌﻨﺎف‬to appeal, make an appeal
(‫ اﻣـﺎم‬to a court) II to raise, lift;, elevate; to celebrate carnival III to act as
588
defence counsel (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.o.), defend (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., in court), plead s.o.’s (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬
cause; to summon, hale (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. to court) V to be or deem o.s. above s.th.
(‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, be too proud (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for s.th.), look down (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬upon) |‫ ﺗﺮﻓـﻊ ﺑﺮأﺳـﻪ‬to raise or
bear one’s heed high VI to hale one another before the judge (‫اﳊـﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ ;)اﱃ‬to
take one’s case before the judge (‫اﳊـﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫ ;)اﱃ‬to plead (in court) VIII to rise,
lift; to go up, ascend; to become higher; to grow, increase, rise; to ring out
(tone, voice, tune); to go away, pass away, be eliminated, disappear (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from) |‫ﺻﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫( ارﺗﻔﻊ‬ṣautuhū) to gain prestige
‫ رﻓﻊ‬raf‘ lifting, hoisting (also, of a flag); elevation; raise, raising, stepping
up (of prices, of temperatures, etc.); setting up; erection; abolition; lift, (e.g.,
of a ban); remedy, elimination, removal; remission (of a tax); submission,
filing (e.g., of a report); pronunciation of the final consonant with u (gram.)
|‫اﻷﺛﻘﺎل‬ ‫ رﻓﻊ‬weight lifting (athlet.)
‫ رﻓﻌـﺔ‬rif‘a height, elevation (e.g., of a structure); high rank or standing |
‫( ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺮﻓﻌـﺔ‬formerly:) title of the Egyptian Prime Minister, ‫رﻓﻌـﺔ رﺋـﻴﺲ اﻟـﻮزراء‬
Confidential
rif‘at raīs al-wuzarā’ His Excellency the Prime Minister
‫ رﻓﺎع‬rifā‘ Shrovetide (Chr.)
‫ رﻓﻴـﻊ‬rafī‘ high, high-ranking; lofty, exalted, sublime; loud (voice, sound);
thin, fine, delicate; exquisite, refined, subtle; artistic |‫اﻟﺸـﺄن‬ ‫رﻓﻴـﻊ‬ r. aš-ša’n
approx.: exalted; formerly, in Tunisia, title of the members of the Bey’s
family; ‫( ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﳌﻘـﺎم اﻟﺮﻓﻴـﻊ‬maqām) title conferred upon bearers of the order
‫ اﻟﻘـﻼدة‬al-qilāda, established by Fu’ād I in 1936; ‫)اﻟﻔﻨـﻮن اﻟﺮﻓﻴﻌـﺔ )= اﻟﻔﻨـﻮن اﳉﻤﻴﻠـﺔ‬
the fine arts; ‫ اﻟﺮﻓﻴﻊ واﻟﻮﺿﻴﻊ‬high end low (= all)
‫ ارﻓﻊ‬arfa‘ higher; loftier, more exalted; liner; more relined, subtler
‫ رﻓﻴﻌـﺔ‬rafī‘a pl. ‫ رﻓـﺎﺋﻊ‬rafā’i‘2 legal case brought before the competent
authorities; a document submitted to a proper authority
‫ ﻣﺮﻓﻊ‬marfa‘ Shrovetide (Chr.); carnival, pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻓﻊ‬marāfi‘2 do.
‫ ﻣﺮﻓﻌﺔ‬mirfa‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻓﻊ‬marāfi‘2 hoisting gear, crane
‫ ﺗﺮﻓﻴﻊ‬tarfī‘ pl. -āt promotion (of an official); salary raise (‫ اﱃ‬to the amount
of)
589
‫ ﻣﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬murāfa‘a pl. -āt speech for the defense (in court); proceedings at law
|‫اﳌﺮاﻓﻌـﺔ‬
‫ ﻳـﻮم‬yaum al-m. date fixed for the trial (of a case in court); ‫ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن اﳌﺮاﻓﻌـﺔ‬
(Eg.) and ‫ ﳎﻠﺔ اﳌﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬majallat al-m. (Tun.) code of procedure
‫ ﺗﺮﻓـﻊ‬taraffu‘ arrogance, haughtiness, snobbery (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬toward s.th.), disdain,
contempt (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.)
‫ ارﺗﻔـﺎع‬irtifā‘ rise (e.g., of prices); elevation; increase; height, altitude (e.g.,
of a mountain, ‫‘ ﻋـﻦ ﺳـﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬an saṭḥI l-baḥr above sea level, etc.) | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬... at an altitude of ...
‫ راﻓـﻊ‬rāfi‘ bearer |‫ آﻟـﺔ راﻓﻌـﺔ‬hoisting gear, lifting apparatus, hoist; windlass,
winch; crane; pump; ‫( ﻣﻀﺨﺔ راﻓﻌﺔ‬miḍakka) suction pump
‫ راﻓﻌـﺔ‬rāfi‘a pl. ‫ رواﻓـﻊ‬rawāfi‘ hoisting gear, lifting apparatus, hoist; crane;

hoisting installation (mining) |O ‫ﻫﻮاﺋﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( راﻓﻌـﺔ‬hawā’īya) ejector; O ‫ راﻓﻌـﺔ اﻟﻐـﺎم‬r.
algām mine sweeper
‫ ﻣﺮﻓـﻮع‬marfū‘ traceable in ascending order of traditionaries to Mohammed
Confidential
(Prophetic tradition); (gram.) in the nominative or indicative, respectively
‫ ﻣﺮﻓﻊ‬muraffa‘: ‫( اﳌﺮﻓﻊ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ‬ša’nuhū) = ‫( اﻟﺮﻓﻴﻊ اﻟﺸﺄن‬see ‫ رﻓﻴﻊ‬rafī‘)
‫ ﻣﺮاﻓﻊ‬murāfi‘ plaintiff
‫ ﻣﱰﻓﻊ‬mutaraffi‘ haughty, arrogant, snobbish
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬murtafi‘ rising, ascending; high, elevated; resounding, ringing | ‫ﺳﻜﺔ‬
‫( اﳊﺪﻳﺪ اﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬sikkat al-ḥadīd) elevated railway
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﻔـﻊ‬murtafa‘ height, altitude; elevated place; O terrace; pl. -āt heights,
elevations, hills
‫ رﻓﻖ‬rafaqa u (rifq) and rafiqa a (rafaq) to be kind, friendly, nice (‫ ب‬to s.o.,
also ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬and ‫)ل‬, treat gently (‫ ب‬s.o.,), be courteous (‫ ب‬with s.o.) III to be a
companion, a comrade (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) company; to be on
intimate terms, be hand in glove, be friends, associate closely (‫ ه‬with s.o.);
to accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.; also mus.); to escort (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV to be of use,
be useful (‫ ه‬to s.o.), avail, serve, help (‫ ه‬s.o.); to accompany (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
with);: to attach, enclose, add, append (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th. s.th.) V to show o.s.
590
kind, display a gentle, friendly attitude (‫ ب‬toward s.o., also ‫)ﻣـﻊ‬, be nice (‫ب‬
to s.o., also ‫ ;)ﻣـﻊ‬to do gently (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), proceed gently (‫ ﰲ‬in) |‫ﺳـﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓـﻖ ﰲ‬
(sairihī) to walk slowly, stroll, saunter VI to travel together VIII to profit,
benefit, gain (‫ ب‬from or by), make use, avail o.s., take advantage (‫ ب‬of),
utilize (‫ ب‬s .h.); to lean one’s elbows, rest one’s arms (‫ ﻫـ‬on s.th.)
‫ رﻓﻖ‬rifq friendliness, kindness, gentleness | ‫ ﲨﻌﻴـﺔ اﻟﺮﻓـﻖ ﳊﻴـﻮان‬jam‘īyat ar-r.
bi-l-ḥayawān Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
‫ رﻓﻘـﺔ‬rifqa, rufqa pl. ‫ رﻓـﺎق‬rifāq, ‫ رﻓـﻖ‬rifaq, rufaq, ‫ ارﻓـﺎق‬arfāq group, troop,
body (of people); company | ‫ ﺑﺮﻓﻘﺔ‬accompanied by, in the company of
‫ رﻓﻴـﻖ‬rafīq pl. ‫ رﻓﻘــﺎء‬rufaqā’2, ‫ رﻓــﺎق‬rifāq companion, attendant; escort;
buddy, friend; comrade (in Marxist terminology); associate, partner;
accomplice; kind (‫ ب‬to), mild, gentle, tender |‫اﳌﺪرﺳـﺔ‬ ‫رﻓﻴــﻖ‬ r. al-madrasa
classmate, schoolmate
‫ رﻓﻴﻘـﺔ‬rafīqa pl. -āt woman companion; girl friend; sweetheart; mistress,
par amour
‫ ﻣﺮﻓــﻖ‬mirfaq, marfiq elbow; -- mirfaq pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻓــﻖ‬marāfiq2 anything
Confidential
conducive to personal ease and comfort, convenience; appurtenance (of an
apartment, of a house; such as kitchen, bathroom, stable, etc.); attainment of
civilization, civilizational institution; pl. ‫ﻣﺮاﻓـﻖ‬ attainments of civilization;
conveniences; public utilities; installations; facilities |‫ﻣ ـﺮاﻓﻘﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴــﺎم ﻋﻠــﻰ‬

(qiyām) concern for their welfare; ‫ﻣﺮاﻓـﻖ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬ m. al-ḥayāh conveniences,
anything conducive to personal ease and comfort; ‫‘( اﳌﺮاﻓـﻖ اﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬āmma) the
public utilities; ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬ ‫ ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ‬refining facilities (oil industry)
‫ ﻣﺮاﻓﻘﺔ‬murāfaqa accompaniment; escort; company, association
‫ ارﺗﻔﺎق‬irtifāq utilization, use; usefulness, serviceableness; easement (jur.)
‫ ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ‬murāfiq pl. -ūn companion, attendant; escort; accompanist; adjutant,
aide (Ir.)
‫ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ‬murfaq bihi attached, enclosed; pl. ‫ ﻣﺮﻓﻘﺎت‬enclosures (in a letter, or
the like)
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻖ‬murtafaq that on which one leans or rests; support; toilet, latrine
‫ رﻓﻞ‬rafala u (rafl) to trail a garment; to strut, swagger
‫ رﻓﻞ‬rifl train (of a garment)
591
‫ رﻓـﻪ‬rafuha u (‫ رﻓـﺎﻩ‬rafāh, ‫ رﻓﺎﻫـﺔ‬rafāha, ‫ رﻓﺎﻫﻴـﺔ‬rafāhīya) to be comfortable,

pleasant, luxurious (life) II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬life) pleasant and comfortable; to
afford (‫ ه‬s.o.) a pleasant, luxurious life; to be a source of ease and comfort,
make things easy (‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.), let (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, s.o.) live in comfort; to relax
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.), provide recreation (‫ ﻋﻦ‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for); to ease soften, mitigate ( ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.o. s.th.); to cheer up (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.), raise the spirits of (‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to soothe (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
the soul) |‫ رﻓﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬to relax, find recreation (‫ ﻫـ‬from work); ‫ رﻓـﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to
find recreation
‫ رﻓـﻪ‬rifh and ‫ رﻓـﺎﻩ‬rafāh well-being, welfare; personal ease and comfort;
good living, luxury, comforts of life
‫ رﻓﺎﻫـﺔ‬rafāha, ‫ رﻓﺎﻫﻴـﺔ‬rafāhīya comfortable, luxurious life; luxury; comfort,
comfortableness, coziness; complete relaxation and ease
‫ ﺗﺮﻓﻴﻪ‬tarfīh creation of ease and luxury; habituation to luxury; providing of
comfort and relaxation; recreation; (mental) relaxation |‫اﻟﻌـﻴﺶ‬ ‫ ﺗﺮﻓﻴـﻪ‬t. al-‘aiš
good living, comfortable life; ‫اﻟﱰﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ ﻗﺴﻢ‬qism at-t. recreation department
Confidential
‫ )رﻓﺎ )رﻓﻮ‬rafā u (rafw) to darn, mend (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رق‬raqqa i (‫ رﻗـﺔ‬riqqa) to be or become thin, delicate, fine; to be tender,
soft; to be pure, clear, limpid (water); to soften, relent (‫ ل‬toward s.o.), have
pity, feel compassion, have sympathy (‫ ل‬for) |‫ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬ ‫رق ﻟـﻪ‬ (qalbuhū) he took
pity on him II to make thin. thin out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to refine, make fine, soft or
tender, render delicate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to polish, smooth, make elegant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s
speech); to flatten, roll out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬esp. metal) IV to make thin, line or tender,
render delicate, refine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to soften (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the heart) V to soften, relent (‫ل‬
toward s.o.). have pity, have sympathy (‫ ل‬for), sympathize (‫ ل‬with) X to be
thin, fine, delicate; to soften (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to enslave, make a slave (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.)
‫ رق‬raqq pl. ‫ رﻗﻮق‬ruqūq turtle
‫ رق‬riqq quality or condition of being a slave, slavery, bondage
‫ رق‬raqq, riqq parchment; riqq (eg.) tambourine
592
‫ رق‬riqqa thinness; slenderness, slimness; fineness, delicateness, delicacy;

gentleness, mildness; amiability, graciousness, friendliness |‫اﳊﺎﺷـﻴﺔ‬ ‫ رﻗـﺔ‬r. al-
ḥāšiya friendliness, courteousness, amiability; ‫اﻟﺸـﻌﻮر‬ ‫ رﻗﺔ‬sensitivity, delicacy
of feeling, tact; ‫ رﻗــﺔ اﻟﻄﺒــﻊ‬r. aṭ-ṭab‘ kindness, gentleness, mild temper,
friendliness; ‫ رﻗﺔ اﳌﺰاج‬gentleness, mild temper
‫ رﻗﺎق‬ruqāq flat loaf of bread; O waffles
‫ رﻗﻴـﻖ‬raqīq pl. ‫ ارﻗـﺎء‬ariqqā’2, ‫ رﻗـﺎق‬riqāq slave, slaves (sing. and coll.); flat
loaf of bread (mid); thin; slender, slim; line, delicate; soft. tender, gentle;
sensitive, tactful, discreet, prudent |‫اﻟﺮﻗﻴـﻖ‬ ‫ﲡـﺎرة‬ slave trade; ‫رﻗﻴـﻖ اﳊـﺎل‬ poor,
needy; ‫)اﳊﻮاﺷﻲ‬ ‫ )رﻗﻴﻖ اﳊﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬r. al-ḥāšiya (al-ḥawāšī) friendly, courteous, civil,
amiable; ‫رﻗﻴــﻖ اﻟﺸــﻌﻮر‬ sensitive; ‫رﻗﻴــﻖ اﻟﻄﺒــﻊ‬ r. aṭ-ṭab‘ kind, gentle, mild-
tempered, friendly; ‫اﳌﺰاج‬ ‫ رﻗﻴﻖ‬gentlehearted

‫ رﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬raqīqa lamina, flake
‫ ارق‬araqq2 thinner; slimmer; more delicate
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﺎق‬mirqāq rolling pin
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﻮق‬marqūq thin, flaky pastry
‫ رﻗﺄ‬raqa’a a to cease to flow (tears)
‫ رﻗــﺐ‬raqaba u (‫ رﻗــﻮب‬ruqūb, ‫ رﻗﺎﺑــﺔ‬raqāba) to observe, watch, regard
attentively (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to supervise, control (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wait (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), await (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); -- (‫ رﻗـﻮب‬ruqūb) to watch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th.), guard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take into

consideration, heed, observe, respect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fear (‫ ه‬God); to be on
one’s guard, watch out, be careful |‫ذﻣــﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﺮﻗــﺐ ﻓﻴــﻪ إﻻ وﻻ‬ (illan wa-lā
dimmatan) to treat s.o. ruthlessly ill to watch, observe, regard attentively (‫ه‬
s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), keep an eye (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to make out, detect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to control
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., the traffic, the press, s.o.’s doings, etc.), supervise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬some
work), have an eye (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on, e.g., on s.o.’s dealings); to fear (‫ ه‬God) | ‫راﻗـﺐ ﷲ‬
‫( ﻓﻴﻪ‬lit.: to fear God with regard to s.o.) to treat s.o. well for fear of God V to
expect, anticipate, await (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look forward to (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, wait, look, look out
593
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to regard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at s.th.); to lie in wait (‫ ه‬for) VIII to
expect, anticipate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رﻗﺒـﺔ‬riqba observation; control; attention; caution, wariness; vigilance,
watchfulness
‫ رﻗﺒﺔ‬raqaba pl. -āt, ‫ رﻗﺎب‬riqāb neck; -- (pl. ‫ )رﻗﺎب‬slave; (īsl. Law) person |O
‫رﻗﺒــﺔ ﺟﺴــﺮ‬ r. jisr bridgehead; ‫ﺻــﻠﺐ اﻟﺮﻗﺒــﺔ‬ ṣulb ar-r. stubborn, obstinate,
obstreperous;‫ ﻏﻠـﻴﻆ اﻟﺮﻗﺒـﺔ‬do.; ‫ ﻫـﺬا ﰲ رﻗـﺎ ﻢ‬responsibility for it rests on their
shoulders; ‫ أﺧـﺬ ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﻗـﺎب ﺑﻌـﺾ‬akada ba‘ḍuhum bi-r. ba‘ḍin to follow in
close succession
‫ رﻗﻮب‬ruqūb anticipation, expectation
‫ رﻗﻴـﺐ‬raqīb pl. ‫ رﻗﺒـﺎء‬ruqabā’2 vigilant, watchful; guardian, keeper, warden;
watcher, observer, lookout; spy; overseer, supervisor, inspector; controller,
control officer; postal censor; sergeant (Syr., mil.) |‫اول‬ ‫رﻗﻴــﺐ‬ (awwal)
approx.: staff sergeant (Syr., mil.)
‫ رﻗـﱮ‬ruqbā donation with the proviso that it shall either revert to the donor
Confidential
after the donee’s death or become the property of the donee upon death of
the donor (Isl. Law)
‫ رﻗﺎﺑﺔ‬raqāba supervision, control; censorship (of the press)
‫ رﻗﻮﺑﺔ‬raqūba and ‫ راﻗﻮﺑﺔ‬rāqūba (eg.) nest egg
‫ ﻣﺮﻗــﺐ‬marqab and ‫ ﻣﺮﻗﺒــﺔ‬marqaba lofty observation post, lookout;
watchtower; O observatory
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﺐ‬mirqab telescope
‫ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒــﺔ‬murāqaba observation; supervision; surveillance; inspection;
control; censorship (of the Press); mail censorship; superintendency,
controllership; zone of inspection
‫ ﺗﺮﻗﺐ‬taraqqub expectation, anticipation
‫ ارﺗﻘﺎب‬irtiqāb expectation, anticipation
‫ ﻣﺮاﻗــﺐ‬murāqib pl. -ūn observer; overseer, supervisor, inspector;
controller, control officer; censor; sergeant major, quartermaster sergeant
(Eg. 1939) |‫ﺗﻌﻠـﻴﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗـﺐ‬m. ta‘līm a military rank (approx.: master sergeant;
Eg. 1939); ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗـﺐ ﺗﻌﻴـﲔ‬m. ta‘yīn a military rank (approx.: quartermaster
sergeant; Eg. 1939); ‫( ﻣﺮاﻗـﺐ ﻣـﺪﱐ‬madanī) title of a high local official (Mor.,
Tun.); ‫اﳋﻄﻮط‬ ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ‬linesman (soccer)
594
‫ رﻗﺪ‬raqada u (raqd, ‫ رﻗﻮد‬ruqūd, ‫ رﻗﺎد‬ruqād) to sleep, be asleep; to go to bed;

to lie down to rest; to lie; to rest; to abate, subside, let up, calm down (e.g., a
storm); to be down, be flagging; to be dull, listless (market) |‫اﻟﺒـﻴﺾ‬ ‫رﻗـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
(baiḍ) to sit on the eggs (hen) II to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to sleep; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) lie
down; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to bed; to lay down, stretch out (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to put to
sleep (‫ ه‬s.o.); to put to bed (‫ ه‬a child)
‫ رﻗﺪة‬raqda sleep; manner of lying, lying position
‫ رﻗﺎد‬ruqād sleep; recumbency, recumbent position
‫ رﻗـﻮد‬ruqūd sleep; recumbency, recumbent position; sleeping, sleep (pl. of
the active participle)
‫ راﻗﻮد‬rāqūd pl. ‫ رواﻗﻴﺪ‬rawāqīd2 large jug
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﺪ‬marqad pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗﺪ‬marāqid2 bed; couch; resting place; mausoleum
‫ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺪ‬tarqīd (eg.) layerage (hort.) |‫ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬t. al-baiḍ hatching of the eggs
‫ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺪ‬tarqīd (tarqīd) layer (hort.)
‫ راﻗـﺪ‬rāqid pl. ‫ رﻗـﺪ‬ruqqad, ‫ رﻗـﻮد‬ruqūd sleeping, asleep; lying, reclining,
Confidential
recumbent; resting; quiet, dull, listless (market)
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﺪ‬muraqqid somniferous, lulling; pl. ‫ ﻣﺮﻗﺪات‬soporifics
‫ رﻗـﺮق‬raqraqa to mix. dilute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬wine with water) II taraqraqa to overflow
(‫ ﻟـﺪﻣﻮع‬with tears; eyes), be bathed (‫ ﻟـﺪﻣﻮع‬in tears); to glitter, glisten,
sparkle: to stir gently, breathe (wind)
‫ رﻗـﺮاق‬raqrāq bathed (in tears), moist, misty (eyes); glittering, glistening;
radiant, brilliant, resplendent
‫ رﻗﺎرق‬raqāriq not deep, shallow (water)
‫ رﻗـﺶ‬raqaša u to variegate, make multicolored (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II do.; to adorn,
embellish, decorate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ارﻗﺶ‬arqaš2 variegated, multicolored, colorful
O ‫ ﻣﺮﻗﺎش‬mirqāš pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗﻴﺶ‬marāqīš2 brush (of the painter)
‫ رﻗـﺺ‬raqaṣ u (raqṣ) to dance; to prance (horse; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to a tune) | ‫رﻗـﺺ ﻓﺮﺣـﺎ‬
(faraḥan) to dance with joy II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.) dance; to set (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) in a
swinging motion; to make (‫ ﻫـ‬the heart) tremble | ‫اﳊﻨﺎﺟﺮ‬ ‫( رﻗﺺ‬prop.: to make
595
the throats tremble) to provoke loud laughter III to dance (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a girl) IV
= II; VI to move; to dance; to prance; to tremble (heart)
‫ رﻗﺺ‬raqṣ dancing, dance | ‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺮﻗﺺ‬mu‘allim ar-r. dancing instructor
‫ رﻗﺼﺔ‬raqṣa (n. vic.) pl. raqaṣāt dance
‫ رﻗﺎص‬raqqāṣ (professional) dancer; pendulum (phys.; also of a timepiece)
‫ رﻗﺎﺻﺔ‬female dancer; dancing girl, danseuse; ballerina
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﺺ‬marqaṣ, pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗﺺ‬marāqiṣ2 dance hall, ballroom; dance, ball
‫ راﻗـﺺ‬rāqiṣ dancer; dance, dancing (used attributively) |‫( ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ راﻗﺼـﺔ‬ḥafla)
dance, ball; ‫راﻗﺼﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬dance music; ‫( ﻟﻴﻠﺔ راﻗﺼﺔ‬laila) dancing party
‫ راﻗﺼﺔ‬rāqiṣa pl. -āt female dancer; O kneecap, patella
‫ ﻣﺮاﻗﺼﺔ‬murāqiṣa (female) dancing partner
‫ رﻗﻂ‬II to speckle, spot (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ارﻗﻂ‬arqaṭ2 speckled, spotted; leopard
‫ رﻗـﻊ‬raqa‘a a (raq‘) to patch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a garment); -- raqu‘a u (‫ رﻗﺎﻋـﺔ‬raqā‘a) to be
Confidential
stupid II = raqa‘a
‫ رﻗﻌـﺔ‬ruq‘a pl. ‫ رﻗـﻊ‬ruqa‘, ‫ رﻗـﺎع‬riqā‘ patch; piece of cloth; piece of land,
terrain or ground; area; lot, plot of land; ground (of a flag); chessboard; slip
of paper, piece of paper; note, brief message; ticket; coupon; bond, security;
a cursive style of calligraphy
‫ رﻗﻴﻊ‬raqī‘ stupid, silly, foolish; impudent, impartment, shameless; (pl. ‫ارﻗﻌﺔ‬
arqi‘a) firmament
‫ رﻗﺎﻋﺔ‬raqā‘a stupidity, foolishness folly
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﻌﺔ‬marqa‘a and ‫ ﻣﺮﻗﻌﻴﺔ‬marqa‘īya tatters, rags
‫ ﺗﺮﻗﻴـﻊ‬tarqī‘ patching |‫ ﺗﺮﻗﻴـﻊ اﻟﻘﺮﻧﻴـﺔ‬t. al-qarnīya transplantation of the cornea
(mid.)
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﻌﺎت‬muraqqa‘āt fragments
‫ رﻗـﻢ‬raqama u (raqm) to write (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to point, provide with points (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
text); to brand (‫ ﻫـ‬a hone); to imprint (‫ ﻫـ‬a trace, a mark); to mark (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
stripe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a fabric); to number (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to point, provide with points (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
text); to stripe, streak (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to rule (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to number (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
596
‫ رﻗـﻢ‬raqm pl. ‫ ارﻗـﺎم‬arqām numeral; number, No. |‫( اﻷرﻗـﺎم اﳍﻨﺪﻳـﺔ‬hindīya) the
numerals of the Arabs; ‫رﻗـﻢ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎس‬ r. al-qiyās or ‫رﻗـﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﻲ‬ (qiyāsī) record
(athlet.), ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺎ‬ ‫( ﺳﺠﻞ رﻗﻤﺎ‬sajjala) to set a record (athlet.)
‫ رﻗﻴﻢ‬raqīm inscription tablet; letter, message
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﻢ‬mirqam pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗﻢ‬marāqim2 drawing pencil, crayon; (painter’s) brush
‫ ﺗﺮﻗﻢ‬tarqīm pointing; numbering, numeration
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﻢ‬marqūm pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗﻢ‬marāqīm2 striped blanket
‫ رﻗﻮص‬II taraqwaṣa (syr.) to toss, fling o.s. about
‫ رﻗـﻰ‬raqiya a (raqy, ruqīy) to ascend (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.th. or to s.th.); to climb,
mount, scale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rise (in rank), advance, he promoted; to date back,
go hack (‫ اﱃ‬to a bygone era); ‫رﻗـﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬ to lead s.o. up; to further, promote,
encourage s.th.; - raqa i (‫ رﻗﻴـﺔ‬ruqya) to use magic or incantations (‫ ه‬on s.o.,
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬against s.th.) II to cause to ascend; to promote (‫ ه‬s.o.); to raise, further,

promote, advance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to ascend, rise, advance, progress VIII to
Confidential
ascend, rise; to ascend (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; also. e.g., ‫ اﻟﻌﺮش‬al-‘arša the throne), climb (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., on s.th., also ‫ اﻟﻌﺮﺑـﺔ‬al-‘araba into the carriage); to advance, he promoted

(‫ﻣﻨﺼـﺐ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬ilā manṣib to an office); to rise, increase (‫ اﱃ‬to the number of); to
advance, rise, show an upward trend, develop upward; to date hack. go hack
(‫ اﱃ‬to a given time)
‫ رﻗــﻲ‬ruqīy rise, progress, upward development; ‫ اﻟﺮﻗــﻲ ﺑــﻪ‬promotion,
encouragement, furtherance of s.th.
‫ رﻗﻴﺔ‬ruqya pl. ‫ رﻗﻰ‬ruqan spell, charm, magic; incantation
‫ رﻗﺎء‬raqqā’ magician, sorcerer
‫ ارﻗﻰ‬arqā higher, superior; more advanced, more progressed
‫ ﻣﺮﻗﺎة‬marqāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاق‬marāqin stairs, staircase; O elevator, lift
‫ ﺗﺮﻗﻴـﺔ‬tarqiya raising; -- (pl. -āt) promotion (in rank); elevation; promotion,
furtherance, encouragement, advancement; extension, development,
improvement
‫ ﺗـﺮق‬taraqqin pl. taraqqiyāt ascension; ascent; advance, advancement;
progress, rise, progressive development
597
‫ ارﺗﻘــﺎء‬irtiqā‘ climbing, mounting; ascension; ascent; progress, rise,

progressive development |‫اﻟﻌﺮش‬ ‫ ارﺗﻘﺎء‬irt. al-‘arš accession to the throne
‫ راق‬rāqin ascending, rising; high, high-ranking; superior, high-grade,
high-class, of high standard; educated. refined; advanced |‫اﻟﺮاﻗﻴــﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘــﺔ‬
(ṭabaqa) the upper class
‫ راق‬rāqin pl. ‫ رﻗﺎة‬ruqāh magician, sorcerer
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﻖ‬murtaqin high, superior, advanced (esp. intellectually)
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﻘﻰ‬murtaqan ascent, rise
1‫ رك‬rakka i (rakk, ‫ رﻛـﺔ‬rikka, ‫ رﻛﺎﻛـﺔ‬rakāka) to be weak, feeble; to be poor,
meager, scanty; -- u (rakk): ‫( رك اﻟﺸـﻲء ﰲ ﻋﻨﻘـﻪ‬fī ‘unuqihī) to saddle s.o. with
the responsibility for s.th., thrust s.th. upon s.o.
‫ رﻛﺔ‬rikka weakness feebleness
‫ رﻛﻴـﻚ‬rakīk pl. ‫ رﻛـﺎك‬rikāk, ‫ رﻛﻜـﺔ‬rakaka weak, feeble; thin; colorless, pallid
(e.g., style); scanty, meager, poor, pitiful
‫ رﻛﺎك‬rukāk weak, feeble
Confidential
‫ رﻛﺎﻛــﺔ‬rakāka weakness, feebleness; lowliness; inadequacy, poorness;
colorlessness, pallor (e.g., of style)
2‫ رﻛـﺔ‬rukka distaff |‫اﻟﺮﻛـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻃـﺐ‬ṭibb ar-r. (eg.) popular treatment of illnesses
by means of charms and incantations, practiced by women
‫ رﻛـﺐ‬rakiba a (‫ رﻛـﻮب‬rukūb) to ride (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal); to mount (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal);
to go, travel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in a carriage, in an automobile, on a train, on board a ship,
etc.), ride (‫ ﻫـ‬in a vehicle, on a bicycle); to get, climb (‫ ﻫـ‬into a carriage, on a
bicycle, etc.), board (‫ﻫـ‬a train, an airplane, a ship, etc.); to pursue (‫ ه‬s.o.), be
after s.o. (‫ ب‬with s.th.); to engage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in), embark (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to commit,

perpetrate (‫ ﻫـ‬a sin, a crime); to master (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫( رﻛﺐ‬baḥr) to travel by
sea;‫( رﻛﺒـﺎ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬ḥayāh) to master life; ‫( رﻛـﺐ اﳋﻄـﺮ‬kaṭar) to embark on a risky
undertaking; ‫( رﻛــﺐ ﺧﻴﻮﻟــﻪ اﳊﺮﺑﻴــﺔ‬kuyūlahū l-ḥarbīya) to get on one’s high
horse; ‫( رﻛـﺐ ذﻧـﺐ اﻟـﺮﻳﺢ‬danaba r-rīḥ) to speed along like the wind; ‫رﻛـﺐ رأﺳـﻪ‬
(ra’sahū) to act at one’s disoretion; to act rashly, follow a whim; ‫رﻛـﺐ اﻟﺴـﻴﺎرة‬
(sayyāra) to go by car, travel in an automobile; ‫( رﻛﺐ اﻟﺸـﻄﻂ‬šaṭaṭ) to commit
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excesses, go too far;‫( رﻛـﺐ اﻟﻄﻴـﺎرة‬ṭayyāra) to fly, go by plane; ‫رﻛـﺐ ﻣـﱳ اﻟﻌﻨـﻒ‬
(matna l-‘unf) to commit acts of violence; ‫( رﻛﺐ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ اﳋﻄـﻞ‬markaba l-kaṭal)
to make a foolish mistake, commit a folly; to embark on a reckless course,
do irresponsible things; ‫رﻛـﺐ ﻣﻄﻴـﺔ اﻹﺧﻔــﺎق‬ (maṭīyata l-ikfāq) to back the
wrong horse, be on the losing side, fail; ‫( رﻛـﺐ اﻷﻫـﻮال‬ahwāl) to defy the
horrors; ‫( رﻛـﺐ اﳍـﻮاء‬hawā’) to fly, travel by air; ‫( رﻛـﺐ ﻫـﻮاﻩ‬hawāhu) to follow
one’s whim II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) ride; to put, place, fasten, mount (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.
on); to fit, mount, insert, set (‫ ﻫـ ﰲ‬s.th. in. e.g., a precious stone in a ring); to
build in (‫ ﻫـ‬a machine part); to assemble (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., the parts of an apparatus); to
set up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a machine); to install (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; techn.), lay (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an electric line, and
the like); to assemble, put together, fit together (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make, prepare (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th. out of several components or ingredients); to construct, build (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a

technical apparatus) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) ride or mount |‫وﻫـﻮاﻩ‬ ‫ارﻛﺒــﻪ رأﺳــﻪ‬
(ra’sahū wa-hawāhu) to let s.o. have his head, let s.o. do as he pleases V to
Confidential
be composed, be made up, consist (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of) VI to be superimposed one upon
another VIII to commit, perpetrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a sin, a crime); to pursue, practice (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. | ‫ﺷﻄﻄﺎ‬ ‫( ارﺗﻜﺐ‬šaṭaṭan) to overdo s.th., go too far

‫ رﻛـﺐ‬rakb riders, horsemen, cavalcade; caravan; traveling party; retinue,
escort; procession, troop (of people)
‫ رﻛﺒﺔ‬rukba pl. ‫ رﻛﺐ‬rukab, -āt knee |‫ اﺑﻮ اﻟﺮﻛﺐ‬abū r-rukab dengue, breakbone
fever (med.)
‫ رﻛـﺎب‬rikāb pl. ‫ رﻛـﺐ‬rukub stirrup; (pl. -āt, ‫ رﻛـﺐ‬rukub, ‫ رﻛﺎﺋـﺐ‬rakā’ib2)
riding
Camel, riding animal, mount |‫رﺿـﻨﺎ‬ ‫ ﺣـﻞ رﻛﺎﺑـﻪ‬ḥalla rikābuhū bi-arḍinā he
has arrived on our soil; ‫ﻫـﻮ ﰲ رﻛﺎﺑـﻪ‬ he is his loyal follower, he doge his
footsteps; ‫ ﺳـﺎر ﰲ رﻛﺎﺑـﻪ‬do.; to cling to s.o.’s heels, be blindly subservient to
s.o.
‫ رﻛﻮب‬rakūb mount, riding animal
‫ رﻛﻮﺑﺔ‬rakūba pl. ‫ رﻛﺎﺋﺐ‬rakā’ib2 mount, female riding camel
‫ رﻛﻮب‬rukūb (horseback, camelback, etc.) riding; traveling (in a vehicle, by
sea, by air, etc.); mounting (of a bicycle, of a horse, etc.), boarding (of a
599
train, of a ship, etc.) |‫اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ ‫ رﻛـﻮب‬r. al-baḥr navigation; ‫ رﻛـﻮب اﳍـﻮاء‬r. al-hawā’
flying, aviation
‫ رﻛـﺎب‬rakkāb one who rides frequently, (professional) horseman or rider,
jockey
‫ رﻛﺒـﺎن‬rukbān retinue, escort |‫( ذﻛـﺮﻩ ﺳـﺎر ﺑـﻪ اﻟﺮﻛﺒـﺎن‬dikruhū) approx.: his fame
has spread far and wide
‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺐ‬markab pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻛـﺐ‬marāk2 ship, boat, vessel |‫( ﻣﺮﻛـﺐ ﲞـﺎري‬bukārī)
steamship, steamer; ‫ﻣﺮك‬ī‫( ﺣﺮﰊ‬ḥarbī) warship, man-of-war; ‫دوري‬ ‫( ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬daurī)
patrol boat; ‫ﺷﺮاﻋﻲ‬‫( ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬širā‘ī) sailing vessel, sailboat; ‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺐ ﻟﺼـﻴﺪ‬m. aṣ-ṣaid
fishing smack, trawler; ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬m. an-naql freighter, transport
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬markaba pl. -āt vehicle; carriage, cab
‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﱮ‬marākibī pl. marākibīya boatman; ferryman
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ‬tarkīb pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﺮاﻛﻴـﺐ‬tarākīb2 fitting in, insertion, setting; building
in; fastening, mounting; assembling, assembly; final assembly; installation
(e.g., of a telephone extension); composition; making, preparation (out of
several components or ingredients); construction, building (techn.);
Confidential
structure; constitution, build, physique; -- (pl. ‫ ﺗﺮاﻛﻴﺐ‬tarākīb2) phrase, idiom;
construction (gram.)
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﱯ‬tarkībī constructive, constructional
‫ ارﺗﻜﺎب‬irtikāb perpetration (of a sin or crime)
‫ راﻛـﺐ‬rākib riding, on horseback, mounted; riding, traveling (in a vehicle);
(pl. ‫ رﻛﺎب‬rukkāb, ‫ رﻛﺒـﺎن‬rukbān) rider, horseman; (pl. ‫ رﻛـﺎب‬rukkāb) passenger,
occupant (of a conveyance) |‫دراﺟﺔ‬ ‫ راﻛﺐ‬r. darrāja cyclist
‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﻮب‬markūb pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﻴـﺐ‬marākīb2 riding animal, mount; (eg., syr.) red-
leather shoes |‫ﻣﺮﻛﻮب‬ ‫ اﺑﻮ‬abū m. (eg.) shoebill (Balaeniceps rex; zool.)
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺒـﺎت‬murakkabāt components, constituents, elements, ingredients (esp.
chem.)
‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺐ‬murakkab mounted, fastened, fixed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); fitted, inserted, set (‫ﰲ‬
in); built-in; assembled; made up, composed, consisting (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); compound.
composite; complex; bound, not free; -- (pl. -āt) composition; a compound
(chem.); a composite; a complex (psychol.); medication, medicament | ‫رﺑـﺢ‬
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‫( ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬ribḥ) compound interest; ‫( ﻣﺮﻛـﺐ ﻛﻴﻤﻴـﺎﺋﻲ‬kīmiyā’ī) chemical compound;

‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻧﻘﺺ‬m. naqṣ inferiority complex
‫ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬murtakib perpetrator (of a crime)
‫ رﻛﺪ‬rakada u (‫ رﻛﻮد‬rukūd) to be motionless, still, stagnant
‫ رﻛــﻮد‬rukūd suspension, standstill, stagnation; sluggishness; stillness,
tranquility
‫ راﻛﺪ‬rākid stagnant; sluggish
‫ رﻛـﺰ‬rakaza u i (rakz) to plant or ram in the ground, set up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a
pole); to fix, embed firmly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to plant or ram in the ground, set up,
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a pole); to position, emplace (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fix, embed firmly (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to cause to take root, naturalize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to concentrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also
one’s thoughts, ‫ﰲ‬ on) V to concentrate; ‫ﺗﺮﻛــﺰ‬ tarakkaz ready! (starter’s
command; athlet.) VIII to be implanted; to settle permanently, stay (‫ ﰲ‬at a
place); to lean, support one’s weight (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫اﱃ‬ on); to he fastened, be
Confidential
mounted (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to be based, rest (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to concentrate (‫ ﰲ‬on); to
gravitate (‫ ﰲ‬to)
‫ رﻛﺰ‬rikz sound, tone
‫ رﻛﺰة‬rakza pause, rest, break
‫ رﻛﺎز‬rikāz pl. ‫ ارﻛﺰة‬arkiza, ‫ رﻛﺰان‬rikzān precious minerals, buried treasures of
the earth
‫ رﻛﻴـﺰة‬rakīza pl. ‫ رﻛـﺎﺋﺰ‬rakā’iz2 treasure; support, brace, shore, stanchion;
pillar, pier; post, pile; shoring
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬markaz pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻛـﺰ‬marākiz2 foothold; stand, station; place where s.o. is
posted or stationed; post; (police, etc.) station; office, branch office (com.);
locality where s.th. takes place, scene, site, seat; position (mil.);
headquarters; main office, central office; central exchange (telephone);
center (of a circle and fig.); focus; markaz, an administrative district
(subdivision of a mudīrīya, Eg.); position, situation, office, post; (social,
financial, official, etc.) status, standing; power, position (of a country);
situation | ‫اﺳﺎﺳـﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ‬asāsī) starting point, basis; ‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﺒـﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬police station;
‫ﻣﺮاﻛــﺰ ﺣﻴﻮﻳــﺔ‬ (ḥayawīya) vital centers; ‫ﻣﺮﻛــﺰ اﻹدارة‬ m. al-idāra main office,
central office, headquarters; ‫اﻟﺪاء‬ ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬m. ad-dā’ the seat of the disease O ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
601
‫ اﻹذاﻋـﺔ‬m. al-idā‘a broadcasting station; ‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ رﺋﻴﺴـﻲ‬main office, headquarters;

‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﺮ ﺳـﺔ‬m. ar-riyāsa central command post; ‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ر ﺳـﺔ اﳉـﻴﺶ‬m. riyāsat al-
jaiš Supreme Command of the Army (Eg.); ‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ رﻋﺎﻳـﺔ اﻟﻄﻔـﻞ‬m. ri‘āyat aṭ-ṭifl
health center for children (Eg.); ‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﺴـﻜﺔ اﳊﺪﻳﺪﻳـﺔ‬m. as-sikka al-ḥadīdīya
railroad junction; ‫ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ اﻟﺸـﺮﻃﺔ‬ m. aš-šurṭa police station; ‫ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻧﻴـﺎﰊ‬ (niyābī)
parliamentary seat, mandate; O ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬power station
‫ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰي‬markazī central; district (used attributively); ‫ ﻻﻣﺮﻛـﺰي‬O centrifugal;
decentralized (administration)
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬markazīya centralism; centrality, central position or situation; ‫ﻻﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬
decentralization
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴ ــﺰ‬tarkīz setting up; installation; implantation, establishment,
naturalization; concentration | ‫اﻟﱰﻛﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬jahāz at-t. stabilizer (tech.)
‫ ﺗﺮاﻛﺰ‬tarākuz concentricity
‫ ارﺗﻜﺎز‬irtikāz support
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬murakkaz concentrated, centralized; O condensed
‫ ﻣﱰاﻛﺰ‬mutarākiz concentric
‫ رﻛـﺲ‬VIII to suffer a setback, be thrown back; to decline, degenerate, be
degenerate; to become stunted, atrophy
‫ رﻛـﺾ‬rakaḍa u (rakḍ) to race, rush, run; to run away; to gallop (intrans.,
said of a horse, and trans. ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a horse) III to race (‫ ه‬s.o.), run a race (‫ ه‬with)
VI to compete in a race; to run fast
‫ رﻛﺎض‬rakkāḍ runner, racer
‫ رﻛﻮض‬rakūḍ fast-running, swift
‫ رﻛـﻊ‬raka‘a a (‫ رﻛـﻮع‬rukū‘) to bend the body, bow (esp. in prayer); to kneel
down, drop to one’s knees II and IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) kneel down
‫ رﻛﻌـﺔ‬rak‘a pl. raka’āt a bending of the torso from an upright position,
followed by two prostrations (in Muslim prayer ritual)
‫ راﻛﻊ‬rāki‘ pl. ‫ رﻛﻊ‬rukka‘ bowing to the ground
‫ رﻛﻞ‬rakala u (rakl) to kick (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رﻛﻠﺔ‬rakla (n. vic.) kick
602
‫ رﻛﻢ‬fJ rakama u (rakm) to pile up, heap up, accumulate, amass (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VI
to accumulate, be heaped up; to pile up, gather (clouds) VIII = VI
‫ رﻛﻢ‬rakam pile, heap
‫ رﻛﺎم‬rukām pile, heap; lump; cumulus clouds
O ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﻢ‬markam pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﻢ‬marākim2 storage battery
‫ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ‬tarākum accumulation
‫ رﻛـﻦ‬rakana u (‫ رﻛـﻮن‬rukūn) and rakina a to lean, support one’s weight (‫اﱃ‬
on); to quiet down, become or be calm, to trust (‫ اﱃ‬in), rely (‫ اﱃ‬on); to be
dependent, have to rely (‫ اﱃ‬on) | ‫اﳍـﺪوء‬ ‫ رﻛـﻦ اﱃ‬to remain calm IV to trust (‫اﱃ‬
s.o.), rely (‫ اﱃ‬on), place one’s confidence (‫ اﱃ‬in); to resort (‫ اﱃ‬to) |‫اﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻳـﺮﻛﻦ‬
(yurkanu) reliable, dependable. trustworthy VIII to lean, recline, support
one's weight (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on)
‫ رﻛـﻦ‬rukn pl. ‫ ارﻛـﺎن‬arkān support, prop; corner; nook; basis, basic element,
first principle; pl. ‫ ارﻛـﺎن‬staff (mil.); basic elements, chief elements | ‫ارﻛـﺎن‬
Confidential
‫ اﳊﺮب‬a. al-ḥarb general staff (mil.); ‫ ارﻛـﺎن اﳉـﻴﺶ‬a. al-jaiš do.; ‫رﺋـﻴﺲ ارﻛـﺎن اﳉـﻴﺶ‬
chief of general staff; ‫ وﺛﻴﻖ اﻷرﻛﺎن‬of strong build, sturdy
‫ رﻛﲎ‬ruknī: ‫( ﺿﺮﺑﺔ رﻛﻨﻴﺔ‬ḍarba) corner kick (soccer)
‫ رﻛﲔ‬rakīn firm, steady, confident, imperturbable; grave, calm, sedate
‫ رﻛﻮن‬rukūn reliance, confidence, trust
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﻦ‬mirkan pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﻦ‬marākin2 washtub
‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﻨﺔ‬murākana (tun.) betrothal, engagement
‫ ارﻛﺎن‬arkān reliance, confidence, trust
‫ رﻛـﻮة‬rakwa pl. rakawāt (syr.) small coffee pot of copper. having a long
handle
‫ رم‬ramma u i (ramm, ‫ ﻣﺮﻣـﺔ‬maramma) to repair, overhaul (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- i
(ramm, ‫رﻣـﺔ‬ rimma) to decay; to rot II to decay; to rot V to be repaired,
undergo repair
‫ رم‬ramm repair
‫ رم‬ramm: ‫ رم اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬r. al-asnān caries (med.)
‫ رﻣﺔ‬rimma cadaver
603
‫ ﺑﺮﻣﺘﻪ‬bi-rummatihī whole, complete, entire | ‫ﺳﻮرﻳﺔ ﺑﺮﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬all Syria

‫ رﻣﻴﻢ‬ramīm decayed, rotten; ‫ رﻣﺎﺋﻢ‬ramā’im2 decaying bones
‫ رﻣﺎم‬rumām decayed, rotten
‫ ﻣﺮﻣﺔ‬maramma pl. -āt repair; shipyard (Tun.)
‫ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ‬tarmīm pl. -āt repair, overhauling, restoration
‫ رﻣﺚ‬ramal pl. ‫ ارﻣﺎث‬armā~ log raft
‫ رﻣـﺢ‬ramaḥa a (ramḥ) to pierce, transfix (with a lance; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to gallop
(horse)
‫ رﻣﺢ‬rumḥ pl. ‫ رﻣﺎح‬rimāḥ, ‫ ارﻣـﺎح‬armāḥ lance, pike; spear, javelin; pole | ‫رﻣـﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﺮﻣﺢ‬ramy ar-r. javelin throwing (athlet.)
‫ رﻣﺎح‬rammāḥ pl. ‫ ة‬lancer; uhlan
‫ اﻟﺴﻤﺎك اﻟﺮاﻣﺢ‬as-simāk ar-rāmiḥ Arcturus (astron.)
‫ رﻣـﺪ‬ramida a (ramad) to have sore eyes; to be inflamed (eye) II to burn to
ashes, incinerate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to burn to ashes, become ashes
Confidential
‫ رﻣـﺪ‬ramad ophthalmia, inflammation of the eyes; eye disease |‫رﻣـﺪ ﺣﺒﻴـﱯ‬
(ḥubaibī) trachoma, granular conjunctivitis;
clinic
‫ رﻣﺪي‬ramadī and ‫ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ رﻣﺪي‬ophthalmologist, oculist
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺸـﻔﻰ اﻟﺮﻣـﺪ‬muštašfā r-r. eye
‫ رﻣﺪ‬ramid sore-eyed
‫ ارﻣﺪ‬armad2 sore-eyed
‫ رﻣـﺎد‬ramād pl. ‫ ارﻣـﺪة‬armida ashes | ‫ارﺑﻌـﺎء اﻟﺮﻣـﺎد‬arbi‘ā’ ar-r. or ‫ ﻳـﻮم اﻟﺮﻣـﺎد‬yaum
ar-r. or ‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪ اﻟﺮﻣـﺎد‬īd ar-r. Ash Wednesday (Chr.); ‫( ﻧﻔـﺦ ﰲ اﻟﺮﻣـﺎد‬lit.: to blow
into cold ashes, i.e.) to engage in futile undertakings, set out on a wild-goose
chase
‫ رﻣﺎدي‬ramādī ashen, ash-colored, ash-gray
‫ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺪ‬tarmīd cremation, incineration
‫ رﻣـﺰ‬ramaza u i (ramz) to make a sign, to wink, nod, motion; to point (‫اﱃ‬
to), indicate (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to symbolize, represent or express symbolically (‫اﱃ‬
s.th.); to designate (‫ب‬ ‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. with a distinguishing mark)
604
‫ رﻣﺰ‬ramz pl. ‫ رﻣﻮز‬rūmūz sign, nod, wink, motion; hint; allusion, intimation;
allegory; riddle; symbol. symbolic figure, emblem, character; secret sign,
code sign
‫ رﻣﺰي‬ramzī symbolic(al}; in code, in cipher
‫ رﻣﺰ ت‬ramzīyāt cipher, code
‫ راﻣﻮز‬rāmūz pl. ‫ رواﻣﺰ‬rawāmīz2 specimen, sample; O facsimile
‫ رﻣـﺲ‬ramasa i u (rams) to bury (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cover, efface, wipe out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
tracks) VIII ‫اﳌﺎء‬ ‫ ارﲤﺲ ﰲ‬to be immersed in water
‫ رﻣﺲ‬rams pl. ‫ رﻣﻮس‬rumūs, ‫ ارﻣﺎس‬armās grave, tomb
‫ راﻣﻮس‬rāmūs grave, tomb
‫ رﻣﺶ‬ramaša i u to take with the fingertips (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to wink, blink
‫ رﻣﺶ‬ramaš inflammation of the eyelids, conjunctivitis
‫ رﻣﺸﺔ‬ramša blink, wink
‫ رﻣﺶ‬rimš pl. ‫ رﻣﻮش‬rumūš eyelashes
‫ رﻣﺺ‬ramaṣ white secretion (of the eye)
Confidential
‫ رﻣﺾ‬VIII to be consumed by grief and sorrow
‫ رﻣــﺾ‬ramaḍ parchedness, scorchedness (esp. of the ground due to
excessive heat)
‫ رﻣﻀﺎء‬ramḍā’2 sun-baked ground | ‫ اﺳﺘﺠﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻣﻀﺎء ﻟﻨـﺎر‬approx.: to jump
out of the frying pan into the fire
‫ رﻣﻀﺎن‬ramaḍān2 Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar
‫ رﻣـﻖ‬ramaqa u (ramq) to regard (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), glance, look (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬at) II
to stare, gaze (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬at); to perform (‫ ﻫ ـ‬work) perfunctorily and negligently,
botch (‫ ﻫـ‬a job); to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) barely alive V to wait (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for an opportunity,
and the like)
‫ رﻣﻖ‬ramaq pl. ‫ ارﻣﺎق‬armāq (last) spark of life, breath of life | ‫ ﺳﺪ رﻣﻘﻪ‬sadda
ramaqahū to keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive, eke out a living, manage to keep
body and soul together; to provide s.o. with a bare existence; to allay s.o.’s
hunger; ‫رﻣـﻖ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ آﺧـﺮ‬alā ākiri ramaqin at the point of death; on the verge of
exhaustion, on one’s last legs
‫ ﻣﺮﻣـﻮق‬marmūq regarded, looked at; noted, of note; remarkable, notable,
significant, important; lofty, proud
605
‫ رﻣﻚ‬armak2, f. ‫ رﻣﻜﺎء‬ramkā’ 2 ashen, ash-gray

‫ رﻣﻜﺔ‬ramak pl. -āt, ‫ رﻣﺎك‬rimāk, ‫ ارﻣﺎك‬armāk mare
‫ رﻣـﻞ‬II to sprinkle with sand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., so as to blot it) IV to become a
widower or a widow V = IV
‫ رﻣـﻞ‬raml pl. ‫ رﻣـﺎل‬rimāl sand |‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﺮﻣـﻞ‬ilm ar-r. or ‫ ﺿـﺮب اﻟﺮﻣـﻞ‬ḍarb ar-r.
geomancy (divination by means of figures or lines in the sand)
‫ رﻣﻠـﻲ‬ramlī sandy, sabulous; sand- (in compounds) |‫ ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ رﻣﻠﻴـﺔ‬sandglass,
hourglass
‫ رﻣﻞ‬ramal name of a poetical meter
‫ رﻣﺎل‬rammāl geomancer
‫ ارﻣﻞ‬armal2 pl. ‫ اراﻣﻞ‬arāmil2 widower
‫ ارﻣﻠﺔ‬armala pl. ‫ اراﻣﻞ‬arāmil2, ‫ اراﻣﻠﺔ‬arāmila widow
‫ ﻣﺮﻣﻠﺔ‬marmala sandbox
‫ ﺗﺮﻣﻞ‬tarammul widow(er)hood
1‫ رﻣـﺎن‬rummān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pomegranate; ‫ رﻣﺎﻧـﺔ‬knob, pommel; (pl. -āt),
Confidential
‫( رﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻳﺪوﻳﺔ‬yadawīya) hand grenade
2‫ ارﻣﻦ‬and ‫ ارﻣﲎ‬look up alphabetically
1‫ رﻣـﻰ‬ramā i (ramy, ‫ رﻣﺎﻳـﺔ‬rimāya) to throw, cast (‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fling, hurl

(‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to toss away, throw down (‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to throw aside, toss
aside, discard, lay aside (‫ب‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to shoot, fire; to pelt, hit, bombard ( ‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. with) shoot, fire (‫ ه ب‬at s.o. with); to charge (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), accuse
(‫ ه ب‬s.o. of), blame) reproach (‫ ب ه‬s.o. for); to aim, drive, be aimed (‫اﱃ‬
at), have in view, purpose, intend (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), be out for (‫ ;)اﱃ‬with ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬to sow
dissension among or between | ‫( رﻣـﺎﻩ ﺑﻄﻠـﻖ رى‬ṭalaq) he fired a shot at him;
‫( رﻣـﻰ ﻟﻐﻴـﺐ‬gaib) to practice divination VI to pelt one another; to throw o.s.
to the ground, prostrate o.s., fall to the ground; to throw o.s., fling o.s. (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
on); to plunge, rush, throw o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬into s.th.); to be vast, extend far into the
distance; to come, get (information, report, news; ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.) |‫ﻗﺪﻣﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻣـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
(qadamaihi) to throw o.s. at s.o.’s foot; ‫( ﺗﺮاﻣـﻰ ﺑـﲔ ذراﻋﻴـﻪ‬dirā‘aihī) to throw
606
o.s. into s.o.’s arms; ‫ﻋﺎﻃﻔـﺔ ﺗﺮاﻣـﻰ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻬـﺪﻫﺎ‬ (‘ahduhā) a fooling that he had
known long, long ago, a fooling which lay far behind him; ‫ ﺗﺮاﻣـﻰ اﻟﻴﻨـﺎ ان‬we
have received word that ... VIII to throw o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on, e.g., on the bed, on or
to the ground); to fling o.s., fall (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.), throw o.s., plunge (‫ ﰲ‬into
s.th.); to have fallen down and lie prostrate; to lie, sprawl (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) | ‫ارﲤـﻰ اﱃ‬
‫ اﻷرض‬to fall to the ground, tumble
‫ رﻣﻲ‬ramy (act or process of) throwing, flinging, shooting, etc. | ‫ رﻣﻲ اﳊﺮﺑـﺔ‬r.
al-ḥarba javelin throwing, ‫ رﻣﻲ اﻟﻘﺮص‬r. al-qurṣ discus throwing (athlet.); ‫اﻋﺪام‬
‫ رﻣﻴﺎ ﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬i‘dām ramyan bi-r-raṣāṣ execution before a firing squad
‫ رﻣﻴــﺔ‬ramya (n. vic.) throw, toss, fling; shot |‫رب رﻣﻴــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﻏــﲑ رام‬ rubba
ramyatin min gairi rāmin many a shot is without a (skilled) marksman
(proverbially, of unexpected or undeserved success)
‫ رﻣﻴﺔ‬ramīya pl. ‫ رﻣﺎ‬ramāyā game animal (being shot at or already killed)
‫ ﻣﺮﻣـﻰ‬marman pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮام‬marāmin aim, end, purpose; goal (athlet.); range (of
Confidential
a gun); reach, extent |‫ ﺣﺎرس اﳌﺮﻣﻰ‬goal-keeper; ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
vision, field of vision
‫ ﻣﺮﻣﻰ‬m. an-naẓar range of
‫ ﺗﺮام‬tarāmin vastness, expanse |‫ ﺗﺮاﻣﻰ اﻷﻃﺮاف‬vast expanse, vastness

‫ رام‬rāmin pl. ‫ رﻣـﺎة‬rumāh throwing; thrower, hurler; marksman; rifleman
(Syr., mil.) |‫ اﻟﺮاﻣـﻲ‬Sagittarius (astron.); ‫اﻟﺮاﻣـﻲ‬ ‫ ﺳـﻬﻢ‬sahm ar-r. Sagitta (astron.);
‫ راﻣﻲ اﻟﻠﻬﻴﺐ‬flame thrower
‫ ﻣﱰام‬mutarāmin wide, extensive |‫ ﻣﱰاﻣﻲ اﻷﻃﺮاف‬vast, huge
2‫ راﻣﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ رن‬ranna i (‫ رﻧﲔ‬ranīn) to cry, wail, lament; to resound; to echo; to ring

‫ رﻧﺔ‬ranna pl. -āt scream; sound; reverberation, echo
‫ رﻧﲔ‬ranīn lament, wailing; sound; reverberation, echo; resonance; ring
‫ ر ن‬rannān and ‫ ﻣـﺮ ن‬mirnān ringing, resounding; resonant; reverberating,
echoing
O ‫ﻧﺔ‬ ‫ ر‬rannāna tuning fork (mus.)
‫ ارﻧﺐ‬and ‫ ارﻧﺒﺔ‬look up alphabetically
607
‫ رﻧﺢ‬II to make dizzy, make stagger, send reeling (‫ ه‬s.o.); to sway (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
| ‫اﻋﻄﺎﻓـﻪ‬
‫( رﻧـﺢ‬a‘ṭāfahū) to work up s.o.’s feelings, send s.o. into a frenzy V to
stagger, reel, totter, sway; to shake, rock |‫( ﺗﺮﳓـﺖ اﻋﻄﺎﻓـﻪ‬a‘tāfuhū) to get into
one’s stride, become ecstatic, be carried away; to be beside o.s.
‫ ﻣﺮﳓﺔ‬marnaḥa prow (of a ship)
‫ رﻧﺪح‬randaḥa to scan (verse)
‫ رﻧـﻖ‬II to cloud, muddy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬water); to blur, dim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the eyes; said of sleep);
to halt, stop, stop over, stay; to look, glance (‫ ﳓﻮ‬toward or at s.th.) | ‫رﻧﻖ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫( اﱃ‬naẓara) to keep looking at, stare at
‫ رﻧﻖ‬ranq turbid, clouded (water)
‫ روﻧﻖ‬raunaq glamor, splendor, beauty
‫ رﱎ‬II and V to sing (‫ ب‬a song); to intone (‫ ب‬a song); to recite in a
singsong voice, chant (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﺗﺮﻧﻴﻤـﺔ‬tarnīma pl. ‫ ﺗـﺮاﱎ‬tarānim2 hymn, anthem; song; a kind of chanting
Confidential
recitation; little story recited in a singsong voice; little song
‫ )ر )رﻧﻮ‬ranā u to gaze, look (‫ اﱃ‬at s.th.)
‫ رﱏ‬II and IV to please delight (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ رﻫـﺐ‬rahaba a (rahab, ruhb, ‫ رﻫﺒـﺔ‬rahba) to he frightened, be afraid; to fear,
dread (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ رﻫﺐ ﺟﺎﻧﺒـﻪ‬see ‫ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‬II to frighten, scare, alarm, intimidate (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV = II; to terrorize (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to threaten (‫ ه‬s.o.); to become a monk,

enter monastic life (Chr.)
‫ رﻫﺒﺔ‬rahba fear, fright, alarm, terror; awe
‫ رﻫﱮ‬rahbā, ruhbā fear
‫ رﻫﺒﻮب‬rahbūb great fear, fright, terror
‫ رﻫﻴﺐ‬rahīb dreadful, awful, fearful, terrible; solemn, grave
‫ ﺗﺮﻫﻴﺐ‬tarhīb intimidation
‫ ارﻫـﺎب‬irhāb intimidation, frightening; threatening; terror, terrorism (pol.);
sabotage
‫ ارﻫﺎﰊ‬irhābī terrorist(ic); sabotage (used attributively); (pl. -ūn) terrorist
‫ ﺗﺮﻫﺐ‬tarahhub monasticism, monastic life (Chr.)
‫ راﻫﺐ‬rāhib pl. ‫ رﻫﺒﺎن‬ruhbān monk (Chr.)
608
‫ راﻫﺒﺔ‬rāhiba pl. -āt nun (Chr.)

‫ ﻣﺮﻫﻮب‬marhūb terrible, dreadful
‫ رﻫﱭ‬II tarahbana to become a monk, enter monastic life (Chr.)
‫ رﻫﺒﻨــﺔ‬rahbana and ‫ رﻫﺒﺎﻧﻴــﺔ‬rahbānīya monasticism; monastic order,
congregation (Chr.)
‫ رﻫﺞ‬rahj, rahaj dust
‫ رﻫﻂ‬rahaṭa a to gobble, gulp greedily
‫ رﻫـﻂ‬rahṭ, rahaṭ pl. ‫ ارﻫـﺎط‬arhāṭ, ‫ ارﻫـﻂ‬arhuṭ, ‫ اراﻫـﻂ‬arāhiṭ2, ‫ اراﻫـﻴﻂ‬arāhīṭ2
group (of people), band, troop
‫ رﻫﻂ‬rahṭ pl. ‫ رﻫﺎط‬rihāṭ leather loin-cloth
‫ رﻫـﻒ‬rahufa u (‫ رﻫﺎﻓـﺔ‬rahāfa) to be thin; to be sharp (sword); -- rahafa a
(rahf) and IV to make thin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make sharp, sharpen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp.
fig.) |‫اﻷذن‬ ‫( ارﻫـﻒ‬udn) to prick up one’s ears (‫ ﻟﻔـﻼن‬so as to catch the words
of s.o.), ‫)اﱃ‬ ‫( )رﻫﻒ اﻟﺴﻤﻊ ل‬sam‘) to listen closely to
‫ رﻫﻒ‬rahif thin
Confidential
‫ رﻫﻴﻒ‬rahīf thin; slender, slim; sharpened, sharp
‫ ارﻫﺎف‬irhāf sharpening
‫ ﻣﺮﻫـﻒ‬murhaf thin, fine; sharpened, sharp | ‫ ﻣﺮﻫـﻒ اﳊـﺲ‬m. al-ḥ. delicate,
sensitive
‫ رﻫﻖ‬rahiqa a (rahaq) to come over s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)ﻫ ـ‬, overtake (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) III to approach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an age); to approach the age of sexual maturity; to
be adolescent IV to bring down (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬upon s.o. s.th.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) undergo
or suffer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to oppress, burden, overburden (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬with s.th.), lie
heavily, bear down (‫ ه‬on s.o.) | ‫( ارﻫﻘـﻪ ﺟـﺬ‬jadban) to tug at s.o. violently or
too violently
‫ ﻣﺮاﻫﻘﺔ‬murāhaqa puberty
‫ ارﻫﺎق‬irhāq pressure, oppression; suppression; heavy load (e.g., of work)
‫ ﻣﺮاﻫﻖ‬murāhiq adolescent
‫ ﻣﺮﻫﻖ‬murhiq oppressive (burden, heat)
‫ رﻫﻞ‬rahila a to be flabby, soft; to be bloated, fat (flesh, body) V do.
‫ راﻫﻞ‬rāhil flaccid, flabby, soft, ‫ ﺗﺮﻫﻞ‬tarahhul obesity, fatness
609
‫ ﻣﱰﻫﻞ‬mutarahhil flaccid, flabby, soft; bloated, fat

‫ رﳘﺔ‬rihma pl. ‫ رﻫﻢ‬riham, ‫ رﻫﺎم‬rihām drizzle, lasting fine rain
‫ ﻣـﺮﻫﻢ‬marham pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮاﻫﻢ‬marāhim2 salve, ointment; cream, cold cream;
pomade
‫ رﻫـﻦ‬rahana a (rahn) to pawn, deposit as security (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬or ‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to mortgage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬real estate) III to bet, lay a wager (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on,
that ... ) IV to deposit in pledge, give as a security, pawn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII to
receive or take in pledge, as a security (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th. from s.o.); to pawn,
deposit in pledge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) subject (‫ ب‬to), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
conditional (‫ ب‬on); pass.: urtuhina to be subject (‫ ب‬to) |‫ب‬ ‫ار ــﻦ ﻧﻔﺴــﻪ‬
(nafsahū) to pledge o.s. or dedicate o.s. to the cause of X to demand as a
security (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ه‬from s.o. s.th.)
‫ رﻫــﻦ‬rahn pawning, mortgaging, pledging; -- (pl. ‫ رﻫــﻮن‬ruhūn, ‫رﻫــﻮ ت‬
ruhūnāt, ‫ رﻫـﺎن‬rihān) pawn, pledge; security (‫ ب‬for s.th.); hostage; mortgage.
Confidential
hypothec; ‫ رﻫـﻦ ب‬depending on, conditional on, subject to; -- rahna (prep.)
pending; depending on, conditional on; subject to, liable to |‫ﳏـﻞ رﻫـﻮ ت‬
maḥall r. pawnshop; ‫ رﻫـﻦ اﺷـﺎرﺗﻪ‬rahna išāratihī at s.o.’s beck and call; ‫رﻫـﻦ‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺗﻪ‬r. saiṭaratihī under s.o.’s power or dominion; ‫ ﻫـﺬا رﻫـﻦ ذاك‬this depends
on that; ‫ اﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ رﻫﻦ اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻪ‬al-mas’ala r. ihtimāmihī the problem is being given
every attention by him; ‫ اودع اﻟﺴﺠﻦ رﻫﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ūdi‘a s-sijna rahna t-taḥqīq he
was taken into custody pending investigation
‫ رﻫﻨﻴﺔ‬rahnīya mortgage (deed)
‫ رﻫـﲔ‬rahīn pawned, mortgaged, pledged, given as security; held in pledge;
security (‫ ب‬for); responsible (‫ ب‬for); subject (‫ ب‬to); (prep.) subject to,
depending on | ‫ﻛـﺎن رﻫﻴﻨـﻪ‬ (rahīnahū) to be under obligation to s.o.; to be
dependent on s.o.
‫ رﻫﻴﻨـﺔ‬rahīna pl. ‫ رﻫـﺎﺋﻦ‬rahā’in2 pawn, pledge, security; hostage; mortgage,
hypothec
‫ رﻫﺎن‬rihān bet, wager; competition, contest
‫ ﻣﺮاﻫﻨﺔ‬murāhana pl. -āt bet, wager
610
‫ راﻫــﻦ‬rāhin pledger, mortgagor; fixed, established, certain; lasting,

permanent; current; present, actual |‫ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺮاﻫﻨﺔ‬present circumstances; ‫اﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺮاﻫﻨﺔ‬the present condition; the status quo
‫ ﻣﺮﻫـﻮن‬marhūn pawned, pledged, mortgaged, given as security; subject (‫ب‬
to) |‫ﺎ‬ ‫( اﻷﻣﻮر ﻣﺮﻫﻮﻧﺔ وﻗﺎ‬bi-auqātihā) there is a time for everything
‫ ﻣﺮ ﻦ‬murtahan mortgagee, pledgee; pawnbroker
2‫)رﻫﻮ‬ ‫ )رﻫﺎ‬rahā u (rahw) to amble
‫ رﻫﻮ‬rahw quiet, calm, peaceful, tranquil; stillness, calm, peace, tranquility;
(pl. ‫ رﻫﺎء‬rihā’) crane (zool.)
‫ رﻫﻮان‬rahwān ambler (horse); pal-frey
2‫ اﻟﺮﻫﺎء‬ar-ruhā’ the city of Urfa (Gr. Edessa)
‫ رﻫﻮن‬rahwana and II tarahwana to amble (horse)
‫ رﻫﻮان‬see ‫رﻫﻮ‬
1‫)روب‬ ‫ )راب‬rāba u (raub) to curdle (milk) II and IV to (cause to) curdle (‫ﻫـ‬
Confidential
milk)
‫ روب‬raub curdled milk, curds
‫ راﺋﺐ‬rā’ib curdled (milk)
2‫( روب‬Fr. robe) rōb pl. ‫ ارواب‬arwāb dressing gown
‫( رو ﺑﻴﻜﺎ‬It. roba vecchia) rōbabēkiyā: ‫ ﺋﻊ اﻟﺮو ﺑﻴﻜﻴﺎ‬junk dealer

‫ روﺑﺼﺔ‬raubaṣa sleepwalking, somnambulism
‫ ﺗﺮوﺑﺺ‬taraubuṣ sleepwalking, somnambulism
‫ روﺑﻞ‬rūbel ruble
‫ روﺑﻴﺔ‬rūbīya pl. -āt rupee
‫ رو ﻧﻴﺔ‬rūtāniyā Ruthenia
‫ )راث )روث‬rāta u (raut) to drop dung
‫ روث‬raut (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ارواث‬arwāt dung, dropping (of horse, camel,
and the like)
1‫)روج‬ ‫ )راج‬rāja u (‫ رواج‬rawāj) to be spread, circulate, be current; to find a
good market, sell well, be in demand (merchandise); to be or become brisk,
pick up (market); to be at band, be available (‫ ل‬for s.o.) II to spread (‫ﻫ ـ‬
611
rumors, news, etc.), circulate, put into circulation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; currency, rumors,
news, etc.); to push the sale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), open a market (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for an article); to
sell, bring on the market (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an article); to promote, further (‫ل‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
make propaganda (‫ ل‬for), propagate (‫ ل‬s.th.)
‫ رواج‬rawāj circulation; marketability, salability; sales
‫ اروج‬arwaj2 more widespread, more common; better selling
‫ ﺗـﺮوﻳﺢ‬tarwīj spreading, propagation, circulation; sale, distribution (of an
article of commerce); promotion, furtherance
‫ راﺋـﺢ‬rā’ij circulating, current; universal, widespread, common; salable,
marketable, in demand, selling well (merchandise); brisk (business market)
2‫( روج‬Fr.) rūž rouge
‫ )روح‬and ‫ رﻳـﺢ( راح‬rāḥa u (‫ رواح‬rawāḥ) to go away, leave, go; (with foll.

imperf.) to begin, set out to do II rawwaḥa to fan (air); to refresh, animate,
revive (‫ ﻫـ‬the heart, the spirits); -- rayyaḥa to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) rest, make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
relax, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) comfortable, provide rest and recreation (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to
Confidential
rest (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., ‫ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‬one’s eyes) |‫ روح ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬to find recreation, relax, amuse o.s.
III to go in the evening (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to alternate, vary (‫ ﺑﲔ‬between two things)
IV ‫ اروح‬arwaḥa to stink, smell bad; -- ‫ اراح‬arāḥa to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) rest, let (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) rest; to deliver, release (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. from); to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) at ease, soothe
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬the heart, or the like); to relieve, free (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), ease (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬for s.o.
s.th.); to do (‫ ه‬s.o.) a good turn, gladden (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
happy (‫ ب‬by) |‫( اراح ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬nafsahū) to find recreation from, relax from V to
fan o.s. (‫ ﳌﺮوﺣـﺔ‬bi-l-mirwaḥa with the fan) VI to fluctuate, alternate, vary
(‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between; esp. with two figures following); to intervene, lie (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between
two events) VIII to find rest (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to rest, relax, find recreation; to be
satisfied, be pleased (‫ اﱃ‬with s.th.), agree, consent (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); to like (‫ ل‬or
‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), be happy, be glad (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬about s.th.) |‫ ار ح ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺮوف‬to be happy to
be of service, like doing favors X ‫ اﺳﱰوح‬to inhale air, breathe; to smell, sniff
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to be refreshed (‫ اﱃ‬by or with s.th.); -- ‫ اﺳـﱰاح‬to be calm; to become
612
calm; to find rest; to take a rest, have a break; to be refreshed (‫ اﱃ‬by or with
s.th.); to rest, relax (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to be delivered, be saved (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), be
relieved (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to calm down, relax; to rely (‫ اﱃ‬on); to be happy, be glad
(‫ اﱃ‬about), be pleased (‫ اﱃ‬with)
‫ راح‬rāḥ wine
‫ رﻳـﺢ‬rīḥ f. (occasionally m.) pl. ‫ ر ح‬riyāḥ, ‫ ارواح‬arwāḥ, ‫ ار ح‬aryāḥ wind;
fart; smell, odor | ‫ح‬‫ اﺑﻮ ر‬abū r. weather vane; scarecrow; ‫ ﺳﻜﻨﺖ رﳛـﻪ‬sakanat
rīḥuhū to expire, become obsolete, fall into oblivion; ‫ ﻫﺒﺖ رﳛـﻪ‬habbat rīḥuhū
he was in clover, he was in luck’s way; ‫ ذﻫـﺐ ﻣـﻊ اﻟـﺮﻳﺢ‬to go with the wind,
vanish
‫ رﻳﺢ‬rayyiḥ windy
‫ روح‬m. and f., pl. ‫ ارواح‬arwāḥ breath of life, soul; spirit (in all senses); gun
barrel |‫اﻟﻘـﺪس‬ ‫ روح‬r. al.quds (qudus), also ‫ اﻟـﺮوح اﻟﻘـﺪس‬the Holy Ghost; ‫ﻻ روح‬
‫( ﻓﻴـﻪ‬rūḥa) spiritless, insipid, inane; ‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ اﻟـﺮوح‬likable, amiable, charming;
Confidential
‫ ﺛﻘﻴﻞ اﻟﺮوح‬dull, boring, unpleasant (person); ‫ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻟـﺮوح‬long-suffering, patient;
‫( ﺣﺮﺻﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮوح‬ḥirṣan) dangerâ (on warning signs)
‫ روﺣـﻲ‬rūḥī spirituous; spiritual; pl. -āt spiritual things |‫ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ روﺣﻴـﺔ‬state (or
frame) of mind; ‫روﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺸﺮو ت‬alcoholic beverages, spirits
‫ روح‬rauḥ refreshment
‫ روﺣﺔ‬rauḥa pl. -āt journey or errand in the evening
‫ راﺣـﺔ‬rāḥa rest, repose; recreation; ease, leisure; vacation; comfort; (pl. -āt,
‫ راح‬rāḥ) palm of the hand, hand | ‫ ﻟﺮاﺣـﺔ‬leisurely, gently, slowly, at one’s
ease; ‫ ﺑﻜـﻞ راﺣـﺔ‬unhurriedly, leisurely; easily, with ease; ‫ ﺑﻴـﺖ اﻟﺮاﺣـﺔ‬bait ar-r.
water closet, toilet; ‫اﺳــﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺣــﺔ‬ luxury; ‫ﻣﻌــﺪات اﻟﺮاﺣــﺔ‬ mu‘iddāt ar-r.
conveniences; ‫اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﱰة‬fatrat ar-r. pause, rest, break, recess; ‫ راﺣﺔ اﳊﻠﻘﻮم‬r. al-
ḥulqūm Turkish delight; ‫ راﺣـﺔ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬r. al-yad palm of the hand; ‫ راﺣـﺔ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬r. al-
qadam sole of the foot
‫ رﳛﺔ‬rīḥa smell, odor
‫ روﺣﻴﺔ‬rūḥīya spirituality; mentality, mental attitude, frame of mind
613
‫ رواح‬rawāḥ departure; going, leaving; return, return trip (as opposed to

‫ ;)ﺟﻴﺌـﺔ‬rest, repose |‫( ﰲ ﻏـﺪوﻩ ورواﺣـﻪ‬gudūwihī) (lit.: in his coming and going,
i.e.) in everything he did
‫ ر ح‬rayyāḥ pl. -āt (eg.) large irrigation canal, main canal (in the Egyptian
irrigation system)
‫ اروح‬arwaḥ2 more calming, more soothing
‫ ارﳛﻲ‬aryaḥī generous, liberal, openhanded
‫ ارﳛﻴﺔ‬aryaḥīya generosity, liberality, munificence
‫ رﳛـﺎن‬raiḥān (coll.) sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum; bot.); (pl. ‫ر ﺣــﲔ‬
rayāḥīn2) aromatic plants |‫اﻟﺮﳛـﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﻠـﻢ‬ qalam ar-r. or ‫اﻟﻘﻠـﻢ اﻟﺮﳛـﺎﱐ‬ (raiḥānī) a
highly decorative style of Arabic calligraphy
‫ روﺣــﺎﱐ‬rūḥānī spiritual, immaterial; divine, sacred, holy; (pl. -ūn)
clergyman, minister (Chr.)
‫ روﺣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬rūḥānīya spirituality; transfiguration
‫ ﻣـﺮاح‬marāḥ place visited in the evening; -- murāḥ, also marāḥ pasture;
daytime pasture
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮوﺣـﺔ‬mirwaḥa pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮاوح‬marāwiḥ2 fan; ventilator; O propeller | ‫اﳌﺮوﺣـﺔ‬
‫( اﳋـﻮص‬kūṣ) palm-leaf fan; ‫ ﻣﺮوﺣـﺔ اﳋـﻴﺶ‬m. al-kaiš punkah, a canvas-covered
frame suspended from the ceiling for fanning a room
O ‫ ﻣﺮواح‬mirwāḥ fan; ventilator (mor.)
‫ ﻣﺮ ح‬miryāḥ causing flatulence (food)
‫ ﺗ ــﺮوﻳﺢ‬tarwīḥ fanning; ventilation, airing; refreshment; diversion,
amusement (also ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫)اﻟﱰوﻳﺢ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ ﺗﺮوﳛﺔ‬tarwīḥa: ‫ ﺗﺮوﳛﺔ ﻧﻔﺲ‬t. nafs walk, stroll
‫ ﺻــﻼة اﻟـﱰاوﻳﺢ‬ṣalāt at-tarāwīḥ prayer performed during the nights of
Ramadan
‫ ﺗﺮﻳﻴﺢ‬taryīḥ (eg.) installation; fitting in, insertion
‫ ارﺗﻴﺎح‬irtiyāḥ satisfaction, gratification; pleasure; joy, delight
‫ اﺳـﱰواح‬istirwāḥ airing, ventilation; air intake; respiration | ‫اﺳـﱰواح ﺻـﺪري‬
(ṣadrī) pneumothorax (med.)
‫ اﺳـﱰاﺣﺔ‬istirāḥa rest, repose, relaxation, recreation; - (pl.- at) intermission,
recess, pause, root, break; public resthouse (for travelers; Eg.)
‫ راﺋﺢ‬rā’iḥ: ‫( راﺋﺢ وﻏﺎد‬gādin) going back and forth, walking up and down
614
‫ راﺋﺤـﺔ‬rā’iḥ pl. ‫ رواﺋـﺢ‬rawā’iḥ2 odor, smell; fragrance, perfume; pl. ‫رواﺋـﺢ‬

perfumes; flavorings (e.g., those used in baking)
‫ ﻣـﺮﻳﺢ‬murīḥ restful, reposeful; calming, soothing; cozy; comfortable;
flatulent |‫ﻣﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫( ﻛﺮﺳﻲ‬kursī) armchair; club chair, easy chair
‫ ﻣﺮاح‬murāḥ see above under marāḥ
‫ ﻣـﺮ ح‬murtāḥ resting, relaxing; relaxed, calm, serene; reassured, satisfied,
content; pleased, delighted |‫ح اﻟﺒﺎل‬ ‫ ﻣﺮ‬at ease, relaxed, serene, tranquil; ‫ﻣﺮ ح‬
‫ اﻟﻀﻤﲑ‬of peaceful mind, undisturbed by scruples
‫ ﻣﺴﱰﻳﺢ‬mustarīḥ resting, relaxing; relaxed, calm, reassured
‫ ﻣﺴﱰاح‬mustarāḥ water closet, toilet
2‫)رود‬ ‫ )راد‬rāda u (raud) to walk about, move about, prowl; to look, search
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.) in to seek to win (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. for s.th.), try to entice or tempt ( ‫ه‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. to do s.th.); to approach, accost (‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to alienate or lure
away (‫ ه ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from); to attempt to seduce (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a woman) |‫ راودﻩ ﻋـﻦ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to
Confidential
seek to tempt s.o. IV to want (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬to do s.th.), wish. have a mind, be
willing (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to want to have (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), desire, covet (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), strive
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.); to be headed. be bound (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for a place); to intend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬to

do s.th.); to aim (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th. at), purpose, have in view ( ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬by
s.o. s.th.); to drive (‫ اﱃ‬at s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with s.th.); to be out (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), be bent
(‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to mean (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬by); to have s.o. (‫ )ه‬in mind with
s.th. (‫)ب‬, aim at s.o. (‫ )ه‬with s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to have (good or evil) designs (‫ )ﻫـ‬on
s.o. (‫)ب‬, intend or plan to do s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬with s.o. (‫ ;)ب‬to be on the point (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or
‫ ان‬of doing s.th.), be about (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to urge, induce, prompt ( ‫ه‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. to do s.th.) |‫ اراد ﺑـﻪ ان‬by this he meant that ...; he understood it to
mean that ...; ‫( اراد ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﲑا‬kairan) to wish s.o. well; ‫ اراد ﻋﻠـﻰ ان‬to seek to
induce s.o. to (do s.th.); ‫ اراد اﻟﻌﺎﺻـﻤﺔ‬on his way to the capital; ‫اراد ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( اﻟﺸﻲء‬nafsahū) he tried to bring himself to do it VIII to repair, betake o.s. (‫ﻫـ‬
to a place); to explore (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رود‬raud exploration
615
‫ ر دة‬riyāda exploration
‫ روﻳـﺪا‬ruwaidan slowly, gently, leisurely | ‫روﻳـﺪا روﻳـﺪا‬gradually, slowly, by
and by; ‫ روﻳﺪك‬ruwaidaka take it easy! slowly!
‫ ﻣـﺮود‬mirwad pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮاود‬marāwid2 pencil, little stick (originally for applying
kohl to the eyelids)
‫ ارادة‬irāda will, volition; wish; desire; (pl. -āt) irade, decree (of a ruler);
will power |(ḥasaba) at will
‫ ارادي‬irādī intentional, willial, voluntary
‫ ارﺗﻴﺎد‬irtiyād visit (to a place); exploration
‫ راﺋﺪ‬rā’id pl. ‫ رواد‬ruwwād visitor; scout, reconnoiterer; boy scout; explorer;
leader; major (mil.; U.A.R.); precept, guiding principle. rule (of conduct)
‫ ﻣﺮﻳـﺪ‬murid pl. -ūn novice (of a Sufi order); aspirant; adherent, follower,
disciple
‫ ﻣﺮاد‬murād wanted, desired, intended; design, purpose, intention
2‫ رود‬see ‫رؤد‬
‫ رودس‬rudūs Rhodes (chief island of the Dodecanese)
Confidential
‫ رودﻳﺴﻴﺎ‬rōdīsiya Rhodesia
‫ )راز )روز‬rāza u (rauz) to weigh (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to examine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to consider
‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ روز ﻣﺔ‬rūznāma almanac
1 ‫ روس‬II (from ‫ )رأس‬to point, sharpen (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to taper (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to supply
with a heading or title (‫ ﻫـ‬essay, book)
‫ ﺗﺮوﻳﺴﺔ‬tarwīsa head, heading, title, caption
2 ‫ ﻣﺮاوس‬mirwās race track
‫ ﻣﺮاوﻳﺲ‬marāwīs2 race horses
3‫ اﻟﺮوس‬ar-rūs the Russians
‫ روﺳﻲ‬rūsī Russian
‫ اﻟﺮوﺳﻴﺔ‬ar-rūsīya the Russian language
‫ روﺳﻴﺎ‬rūsiyā Russia |‫( روﺳﻴﺎ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء‬baḍā’) Byelorussia
‫( روﺳﺘﻮ‬It. arrosto) rostō, ‫( ﳊﻢ روﺳﺘﻮ‬laḥm) fried meat; rout
‫ روﺷﻦ‬raušan pl. ‫ رواﺷﻦ‬rawāšin2 skylight, scuttle
616
‫ )راض )روض‬rāḍa u (rauḍ, ‫ ر ﺿﺔ‬riyāḍa) to tame, domesticate (‫ ﻫـ‬an animal);

to break in, train (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal); to train, coach (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pacify, placate (‫ه‬
s.o.) | ‫ راض ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to practice (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), exercise o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in) II = I; to tame,
regulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a river) III to seek to make tractable, try to bring round (‫ه‬
s.o.) V to practice, exercise o.s.; -- ‫ ﺗﺮﻳﺾ‬tarayyaḍa (denominative of ‫ )ر ﺿﺔ‬to
(take a) walk, promenade; to do physical exercise, go in for sports VI to
haggle, bargain (with one another, over a price) VIII to practice, exercise
o.s.; to train o.s., school o.s. (‫ ب‬on or by means of); to (take a) walk,
promenade X to be or become glad, happy, cheerful
‫ روﺿـﺔ‬rauḍa pl. ‫ روض‬rauḍ, -āt, ‫ ر ض‬riyāḍ, ‫ رﻳﻀـﺎن‬rīdān garden; meadow
|‫اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬ ‫( روﺿﺔ‬pl. ‫ )ر ض‬kindergarten, nursery school
‫ اﻟﺮ ض‬ar-riyāḍ Riyadh (capital of Saudi Arabia)
‫ ر ﺿﺔ‬riyāḍa pl. -āt practice, exercise; physical exercise, gymnastics; sport;
walk, promenade; relaxation, rest; spiritual exercise; ‫ر ﺿــﺎت‬ religious
exercises, devotions (Chr.); mathematics |‫ﻧﻔﺴــﻪ‬ ‫ر ﺿــﺔ‬
Confidential
r. nafshī walking,
promenading; ‫اﻟﺮ ﺿــﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺘــﺔ‬ (baḥta) pure mathematics; ‫اﻟﺮ ﺿــﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴــﺔ‬
(taṭbīqīya) applied mathematics; ‫ر ﺿــﺔ ﻋﻘﻠﻴــﺔ‬ (‘aqlīya) exercise of wits,
intellectual games
‫ ر ﺿـﻲ‬riyāḍī sportive, sports (adj.); (pl. -ūn) sportsman; mathematic(al) |
‫ اﺧﺒﺎر ر ﺿﻴﺔ‬sports news; ‫( ﻣﺮاﺳﻞ ر ﺿﻲ‬murāsil) sports reporter; ‫اﻷﻟﻌـﺎب اﻟﺮ ﺿـﻴﺔ‬
sports
‫ ر ﺿﺎت‬riyāḍīyāt mathematics
‫ ﺗﺮوﻳﺾ‬tarwīḍ sports
‫ )راع )روع‬rā‘a u (rau‘) to frighten, scare, alarm (‫ ه‬s.o.); to startle, surprise
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to awaken s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬admiration, appeal (‫ ه‬to s.o.), please, delight,
thrill (‫ ه‬s.o.) |‫ﳎﻴــﺆك‬ ‫ﻣــﺎ راﻋــﲏ اﻻ‬ (illā majī’uka) your arrival has been a
complete surprise to me II and IV to frighten, scare, alarm, awe (‫ ه‬s.o.) V
and VIII to be frightened, be alarmed (‫ ﻣﻦ‬at, by)
‫ روع‬rau‘ fright, alarm, dismay, fear; -- rū‘ heart, mind, soul |‫ﻫـﺪئ روﻋـﻚ‬
(haddi’) and ‫( ﺳـﻜﻦ روﻋـﻚ‬sakkin) take it easy! relax! ‫ اﻟﻘـﻰ )ادﺧـﻞ( ﰲ روﻋـﻪ‬to
617
persuade s.o., make s.o. believe, talk s.o. into believing (‫ ان‬that), inspire (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); ‫ﺑﺮوﻋﻪ‬ ‫ ﺧﻄﺮ‬it occurred to him, it came to his mind
‫ روع‬rawa‘ beauty
‫ روﻋـﺔ‬rau‘a fright, alarm, fear; awe; astonishment, surprise; perplexity;
charm, beauty, magnificence, splendor
‫ اروع‬arwa‘2 more wonderful, more marvelous; more charming, more
delightful; more magnificent; more obvious, clearer
‫ ارﺗﻴﺎع‬irtiyā‘ alarm, dismay, shock
‫ راﺋـﻊ‬splendid, admirable, wonderful, marvelous, glorious, magnificent;
charming, delightful; awesome, imposing, impressive, thrilling; clear as
daylight |‫اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬ ‫ﰲ راﺋﻌــﺔ‬ fī r. in-nahār in broad daylight; ‫ﰲ راﺋﻌــﺔ ﺷـﺒﺎﺑﻪ‬ fī r.
šabābihī in the prime of his years; ‫اﻟﺮاﺋﻌﺔ‬ ‫ اﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬plain truth

‫ راﺋﻌــﺔ‬rā’i‘a pl. ‫ رواﺋــﻊ‬rawā’i‘ an imposing thing |‫ رواﺋــﻊ اﻟﻔــﻦ‬r. al-fan
masterpieces of art
‫ ﻣﺮوع‬murawwi‘ terrible, dreadful, frightening
‫ ﻣﺮوع‬murawwa‘ frightened, terrified, alarmed
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺮﻳﻊ‬murī‘ dreadful, terrible, horrible
‫ ﻣﺮ ع‬mutā‘ frightened, terrified, alarmed
‫ )راغ )روغ‬rāga u (raug, ‫ روﻏـﺎن‬rawagān) to turn off, swerve; to dodge, evade
(‫ﻣـﻦ‬
,‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.), get out of the way of (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬,‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬furtively to turn away; to go
away (‫ اﱃ‬to), depart, leave (‫ اﱃ‬for) III to deal in an underhanded, fraudulent
manner (‫ ه‬with s.o.), double-cross (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dodge, engage in low
trickery, play fast and loose; to light with unfair means (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ رواغ‬rawāg dodge, shift, artifice, sly trick
‫ رواغ‬rawwāg sly, wily, insidious, crafty
‫ روﻳﻐﺔ‬ruwaiga dodge, shift, artifice, sly trick
‫ اروغ‬arwag2 more cunning, more insidious
‫ روﻏﺎن‬rawagān turning off; swerving; dodging, evasion
‫ ﻣﺮاوﻏـﺔ‬murāwaga sly, underhanded dealings; humbug, trickery; artifice,
cunning; pl. -āt distortions, prevarications, lies; tricks, wiles
618
‫ )راق )روق‬rāqa u (‫ روق‬rauq) to be clear, be pore (liquid); to surpass, excel

(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.), prove superior (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to please, delight, (‫ ه‬or ‫ ل‬s.o., also
‫ ﰲ ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ‬fī ‘ainihī s.o.), give s.o. pleasure, appeal to s.o. (‫ ﰲ ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ‬,‫ ل‬,‫ )ه‬II to
clarify, purify, filter (‫ ﻫـ‬a liquid) |‫دﻣﻌﻪ‬‫( روق‬damahū) to refresh s.o. (drink); to
pacify, placate s.o., cool s.o. off; ‫ روق اﻟﺒﻀـﺎﻋﺔ‬to make a clearance sale IV to
pour out (‫ ﻫـ‬a liquid); to shed, spill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.); to make (‫ ﻫـ‬a liquid) flow | ‫اراق ﻣﺎء‬
‫( وﺟﻬـﻪ‬mā’a wajhihī) to eacri1ice one’s honor, lose all respect, lose face V to
have breakfast
‫ راق‬rāq pl. -āt layer, stratum
‫ روق‬rauq pl. ‫ ارواق‬arwāq portico; horn
‫ روﻗـﺔ‬rauqa beautiful, pretty, handsome (of persons; for both gender, sing.
and pl.)
‫ رواق‬riwāq, ruwāq pl. ‫ اروﻗـﺔ‬arwiqa tent; curtain, screen; flap of the tent for
protection against the wind (used by Syrian Bedouins); sun roof of mate
over a bazaar (syr.); portico; open gallery, colonnade, loggia; porch, veranda
Confidential
(syr.); pavilion of an exposition; living quarters, dormitories and workrooms
of the students of Al Azhar University in Cairo, divided according to
provinces and nationalities |‫رواﻗـﻪ‬
settle down
‫ ﺿـﺮب‬to pitch one’s tent, take up quarters,
‫ رواﻗﻲ‬riwāqī stoic(al); (pl. -ūn) a stoic; friar; ‫ اﻟﺮواﻗﻴﺔ‬ar-riwāqīya Stoicism

‫ راووق‬rāwūq filter
‫ ﺗﺮوﻳﻖ‬tarwīq filtration, clarification, purification
‫ ﺗﺮوﻳﻘﺔ‬tarwīqa (syr.) breakfast
‫ اراﻗﺔ‬irāqa pouring out; shedding, spilling |‫ اراﻗﺔ اﻟﺪم‬bloodshed
‫ راﺋﻖ‬rā’iq clear, pure
‫ ﻣﺎل اﻟﺮوك‬māl ar-rōk (eg.) public property, community property
1‫ رول‬II to slaver, slobber, drool
‫ روال‬ruwāl slaver, slobber
2 ‫(رول‬Fr. rôle) rōl role
1 ‫)روم‬ ‫ )رام‬rāma u (raum, ‫ ﻣﺮام‬marām) to desire, wish, want, covet (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.),
crave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to wish (‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.); to look (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for) |‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺎ ﻳـﺮام‬yurāmu) as
well as one could possibly wish, in excellent order
619
‫ رام‬rāmallāh Ramallah (town in W Jordan, N of Jerusalem)

‫ روم‬raum wish, desire
‫ ﻣﺮام‬marām pl. -āt wish, desire, craving, longing; aspiration
2 ‫اﻟـﺮوم‬ar-rūm the Romaeans, the Byzantines; Byzantium; pl. ‫اﻷروام‬ al-
arwām (the adherents of) the Greek Orthodox Church | ‫اﻟـﺮوم‬ ‫ﲝـﺮ‬baḥr ar-r. the
Mediterranean
‫ روﻣـﻲ‬rūmī pl. ‫ اروام‬arwām Romaean, Byzantine; Greek Orthodox (Church)
| ‫روﻣﻲ‬ ‫( دﻳﻚ‬dīk) turkey (eg.); ‫( ﺟﺒﻨﺔ روﻣﻲ‬gibna) a brand of cheese (eg.)
‫ روﻣﺎ‬rōmā and ‫ روﻣﺔ‬rōma Rome
‫ روﻣﻴﺔ‬rūmiya Rome
‫ اﻟﺮوﻣﺎن‬ar-rumān the Romano; the Romanic peoples
‫ روﻣﺎﱐ‬rūmānī Roman; Romanian; Romanic
‫ روﻣﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬rūmāniyā Romania
‫( روﻣﺎﺗﺰم‬Engl.) rūmātism rheumatism
‫ روﻧﺪ‬riwand, ‫ راوﻧﺪ‬rāwad rhubarb
Confidential
‫ روﻧﻖ‬see ‫رﻧﻖ‬
1 ‫روى‬rawiya a (‫ ري‬ray, riyy) to drink one’s fill, quench one’s thirst; to be
irrigated; -- rawā i to bring (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ل‬s.o.) water, give (‫ ه‬s.o.) to drink; --

rawā i (‫ رواﻳـﺔ‬riwāya) to tell, relate (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬s.th. to s.o.), report (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give an
account of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to pass on, transmit (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. on the strength of an
authoritative source), quote (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from a source) II to quench s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬thirst;
to water, irrigate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) to drink, quench s.o.’s (‫)ه‬

thirst; to water (‫ ﻫ ـ‬flowers, etc.); to moisten. wet (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to draw, obtain
(‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th. from); to ponder (‫ ﻫـ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), reflect (‫ ﰲ‬on) VIII to quench one’s
thirst; to be supplied with water for drink, be given to drink; to be watered,
be irrigated; to draw (on a source, i.e., to obtain information from it)
‫ ري‬riyy quenching (of thirst); -- riyy, rayy watering, irrigation;
moistening, wetting
‫ ر‬rayyan aroma, fragrance
‫ روي‬rawīy thirst-quenching
620
‫ روي‬rawīy final letter, rhyming letter (in Arabic verse); rhyme | ‫ذو روي‬
‫ واﺣﺪ‬monotonous (song)
‫ رواء‬rawā’ fresh (water)
‫ رواء‬ruwā’ prettiness, comeliness pleasing appearance
‫ روﻳـﺔ‬rawīya deliberation, reflection, consideration | ‫ﻋـﻦ روﻳـﺔ‬deliberately, on
purpose, ‫روﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ‬offhand, casually
‫ رواﻳـﺔ‬riwāya pl. -āt tale, narrative; report, account; story; novel; play,
drama; motion picture, film | ‫(رواﻳــﺔ ﳏﺰﻧــﺔ‬muḥzina) tragedy; ‫رواﻳــﺔ ﻣﺴــﺮﺣﻴﺔ‬
(masraḥīya) play, stage play; ‫ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ رواﻳﺔ‬motion picture, film; ‫ﻣﻀـﺤﻜﺔ‬ ‫رواﻳـﺔ‬
(muḍḥika) comedy; ‫( رواﻳــﺔ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻴــﺔ‬ginā’īya) opera; ‫( رواﻳــﺔ ﻗﺼﺼــﻴﺔ‬qiṣaṣīya,
qaṣaṣīya) novel; ‫( رواﻳﺔ ﲤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬tamtīlīya) play, drama; ‫ رواﻳﺔ ﻃﻘﺔ‬sound film; ‫رواﻳﺔ‬
‫( ﻫﺰﻟﻴﺔ‬hazlīya) comedy
‫ رواﺋﻲ‬riwā’ī novelist; dramatist, playwright; author, writer
‫ ر ن‬rayyān2, f. ‫ ر‬rayyā, pl. ‫ رواء‬riwā’ sated with drink; well-watered,
Confidential
well-irrigated; luxuriant, lush, verdant; full, plump (face); succulent, juicy,
fresh, pretty; see also alphabetically
‫ ﺗﺮوﻳﺔ‬tarwiya deliberation, reflection, consideration
‫ ارواﺋﻲ‬irwā’ī irrigational; irrigated
‫ ﺗﺮو‬tarawwin deliberation, reflection, consideration
‫ راو‬rāwin pl. rāwiyūn, ‫ رواة‬ruwāh and ‫ راوﻳــﺔ‬rāwiya pl. ‫ روا‬rawāyā
transmitter (esp. of ancient Arabic poetry); relater; narrator, storyteller
‫ ﻣﺮو ت‬marwīyāt tales, stories, reports
2‫ راﻳﺔ‬see ‫راى‬
3 ‫ رؤ‬see ‫رأي‬
1 ‫ ر‬,‫ ر ن‬,‫ ري‬see ‫روى‬
2 ‫ رﻳﺔ‬riyya = ‫ رﺋﺔ‬ri’a (see ‫)رء‬
3‫ء‬ ‫ ر‬see ‫رأى‬
‫ ر ل‬riyāl pl. -āt riyal, a silver coin: in Eg. = 20 qirš šāg (piasters); in Ir. =
200 fals; ‫ﺗﺮﻳﺰا‬ ‫ ر ل ﻣﺎر‬Maria Theresa dollar
‫ ر ن‬Riyan (town and airport in S Hadhramaut, on Gulf of Aden)
621
‫ )راب )رﻳﺐ‬rāba i (raib) to disquiet, alarm, fill with suspicion or misgivings

(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬about s.th.); to give pause (.‫ ه‬to s.o.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) 8top and think
(‫ ان‬that), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) uneasy; to cast a suspicion (‫ ه‬on s.o.), show (‫ ه‬s.o.)
in a suspicious light; to doubt, question, suspect (‫ ه‬s.th.) IV to disquiet,
alarm, startle, fill with suspicion or misgivings (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to have doubts or
misgivings (‫ﰲ‬ ,‫ ب‬about), be suspicious (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬of) VIII to be suspicious,
smell a rat; to suspect, doubt, question (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th.), have doubts or
misgivings (‫ ب‬or ‫ﰲ‬ about), wavervdoubtfully (‫ ﺑــﲔ‬between) X to be
invdoubt, be skeptical (‫ ﰲ‬about), be suspicious,vhave misgivings, entertain
doubts
‫ رﻳــﺐ‬raib doubt; suspicion; uncertainty | ‫(ﺑــﻼ رﻳــﺐ‬bilā) no doubt,
undoubtedly, doubtless; ‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻻ رﻳـﺐ‬raib) there is no doubt about it; ‫رﻳـﺐ اﳌﻨـﻮن‬
r. al-manūn unpredictable turn of fortune, threatening fate; misfortune
‫ رﻳﺒﺔ‬rība pl. ‫ رﻳﺐ‬riyab doubt, suspicion, misgiving
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‫ ارﺗﻴﺎب‬irtiyāb doubt, suspicion, distrust, misgiving
‫ ﻣﺮﻳﺐ‬murīb arousing suspicion, suspicious
‫ ﻣـﺮ ب‬murtāb doubting, doubtful, skeptical; doubter, skeptic; (‫ ﺑـﻪ‬or (‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻣـﺮ ب‬ doubted, questionable, doubtful; suspect, suspicious | ‫ﻣـﺮ ب ﰲ اﻣــﺮﻩ‬
(amrihī) suspicious, suspect, under suspicion
‫ ﻣﺴﱰﻳﺐ‬mustarīb doubtful, in doubt (‫ ﰲ‬about); suspicious
‫ )ﻣﺴﱰاب )ﻓﻴﻪ‬mustarāb (fīhi) suspect, suspicious
‫ )راث )رﻳﺚ‬rāta i (rait) to hesitate, delay, tarry V to hesitate, tarry, be tardy;
to give (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) long and thorough consideration; to stop; to stay,
linger (‫ ﰲ‬at a place); to be patient, bide one’s time, temporize, wait
‫ رﻳﺜﻤﺎ‬raitamā (conj.) as long as, while; when; until
‫ ﻣﺮ ح‬,‫ ار ح‬,‫ ارﳛﻴﺔ‬,‫ ارﻳﺢ‬,‫ رﳛﺎن‬,‫ ر ح‬,‫ رﳛﺔ‬,‫ رﻳﺢ‬see ‫روح‬
‫( رﻳﺦ‬G.) raik Reich
‫ رﻳـﺲ‬rayyis (=‫ رﺋـﻴﺲ‬ra’īs) mate (Eg. Naval rank) | ‫( رﻳـﺲ ﳑﺘـﺎز‬mumtāz) a
naval rank (approx.: petty officer 3rd class; Eg. 1939)
‫ ر ﺳﺔ‬riyāsa (= ‫ ر ﺳﺔ‬ri’āsa) see ‫رأس‬
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‫ ر ﺳﻲ‬riyāsī presidential
‫ )راش )رﻳﺶ‬rāša i (raiš) to provide with feathers, feather (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to feather
one’s nest, become wealthy II to provide with feathers, feather (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
fledge, grow feathers (bird) V to fledge (bird); to become wealthy
‫ رﻳـﺶ‬rīš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ر ش‬riyāš, ‫ ار ش‬aryāš feathers; feathering,
plumage; clothes, attire, exterior; bristles (e.g., of a brush)
‫ رﻳﺸـﺔ‬rīša (n. un.) pl. -āt feather; quill; writing pen (also ‫ ;)رﻳﺸـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬brush
(of a painter); plectrum; lancet; (eg.) reed (of certain wind instruments, e.g.,
of the oboe; mus.) |‫اﻟﺮﻳﺸﺔ‬ ‫ وزن‬wazn ar-r. featherweight (athlet.)
‫ رﻳﺸﻲ‬rīšī feather (adj.), feathery, feathered, plumed, pinnate
‫ ر ش‬riyāš household effects; furniture; equipment
‫ ر ﺿﻴﺎت‬,‫ ر ﺿﻲ‬,‫ ر ﺿﺔ‬,‫ ر ض‬,‫ ﺗﺮﻳﺾ‬see ‫روض‬
‫ )راع )رﻳـﻊ‬rā‘a i (rai‘, ‫ رﻳـﻮع‬ruyū‘, ‫ ر ع‬riyā‘, ‫ رﻳﻌـﺎن‬raya‘ān to increase, grow,
flourish, thrive II to increase, augment (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ رﻳـﻊ‬rai‘ pl. ‫ رﻳـﻮع‬ruyū‘ yield; returns, proceeds, income (accruing from an
Confidential
estate), interest; profit share royalty; prime, choicest part | ‫اﻟﺸـﺒﺎب‬
šabāb the prime of youth
‫ رﻳـﻊ‬r. aš-
‫ رﻳﻌـﺎن‬rai‘ān prime, choicest part |‫ ﰲ رﻳﻌـﺎن اﻟﺸـﺒﺎب‬fī r. iš-šabāb in the prime

of youth; ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬ ‫ ﰲ رﻳﻌﺎن‬fī r. in-nahār in broad daylight
‫ ارض ﻣﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬arḍ marī‘a productive land
‫ رﻳﻊ‬tārī‘ (eg.) cadastre; (also ‫ )ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﻊ‬land survey
‫ راﺋﻌﺔ‬rā’i‘a: ‫ ﰲ راﺋﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬fī r. in-nahār in broad daylight (see also ‫)روع‬
‫ رﻳﻒ‬rīf pl. ‫ ار ف‬aryāf fertile, cultivated land; country (as opposed to city),
countryside, rural ‫ اﻟﺮﻳـﻒ‬or ‫ﻣﺼـﺮ‬ ‫ رﻳـﻒ‬Lower Egypt; seashore. seacoast; Er Rif
(hilly coastal region of NE Morocco)
‫ رﻳﻔـﻲ‬rīfī rural, rustic, peasant (adj.), country (used attributively); peasant,
farmer; provincial, yokel, bumpkin; inhabitant of Er Rif (in Morocco)
‫ )راق )رﻳـﻖ‬rāqa i (‫ رﻳـﻖ‬raiq) to shine, glisten, glow, burn; to flow out, pour
forth IV to pour out, shed, splll (see also ‫)روق‬
‫ رﻳـﻖ‬rīq and ‫ رﻳﻘـﺔ‬rīqa pl. ‫ ار ق‬aryāq saliva, spittle | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺮﻳـﻖ‬before break-
fast, on an empty stomach; ‫ ﺑﻠـﻊ رﻳﻘـﻪ‬and ‫( اﺑﺘﻠـﻊ‬rīqahū) (lit.: to swallow one’s
623
saliva, i.e.) to catch one’s breath, rest a while, take a short break; to hold
back, restrain o.s. (of s.o. in a rage); ‫رﻳﻘـﻪ‬
‫( ﺑﻠﻌـﻪ‬balla‘ahū rīqahū) to allow s.o.
a break, let s.o. catch his breath; ‫( اﺟﺮى اﻟﺮﻳﻖ‬ajā) to make the saliva flow, i.e.,
to make the mouth water, stimulate the appetite; ‫( ﻻﳚـﻒ ﻟـﻪ رﻳـﻖ‬yajiffu) be is
untiring (in speaking), he talks incessantly
‫ رﻳﻖ‬rayyiq: ‫ ﰲ رﻳﻖ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب‬r. iš-šabāb in the full bloom of youth
2‫)رﻳﻞ‬ ‫ )رال‬rāla i and II to slobber, slaver, drool
‫ ﻣﺮﻳﻠﺔ‬maryala (string) apron
‫ ﻣﺮﻳﻮل‬maryūl bib
2‫ل‬ ‫ ر‬look up alphabetically
1‫)رﱘ‬ ‫ )رام‬rāma i (raim) to go away, move, budge; to leave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a place) | ‫ﻣـﺎ‬
‫رام ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﻪ‬ (makānahū) not to budge, not to move from the spot II to stay,
remain (‫ ﳌﻜﺎن‬at the place); (eg.) to bluff (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ رﱘ‬rīm (eg.) froth, foam
‫ ﺗﺮﻳﻴﻢ‬taryīm (eg.) swaggering, bluffing, swindle
Confidential
(‫ب‬
2 ‫رﱘ‬rīm (= ‫ )رﺋﻢ‬addax, white antelope
1 ‫)ران )رﻳـﻦ‬rāna i to take possession (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), seize, overcome

,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o., said of passion); to descend or come upon s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to
reign, prevail (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in, e.g., silence in a room)
2‫ر ن‬, f. ‫ ر‬see ‫روي‬
3‫ن‬ ‫ ر‬look up alphabetically
624
‫ز‬
‫ زاء‬zā’ name of the letter ‫ز‬
‫ زاؤوق‬zā’ūq quicksilver, mercury
‫ زﺋﺒﻖ‬zi’baq quicksilver, mercury
‫ زاج‬zāj vitriol
‫ زاﺟﻮرا‬zāgōra Zagora, a brand of Egyptian cotton
‫ زأر‬za’ara a (za’r, ‫ زﺋﲑ‬za’īr) to roar, bellow
‫ زﺋﲑ‬za’īr roaring, roar, bellowing
‫ زأط‬za’aṭ a (‫ ز ط‬zi’āṭ) to clamor, be vociferous
‫ زاغ‬zāg pl. ‫ زﻳﻐﺎن‬zīgān crow
‫ ﻣﻮت زؤام‬maut zu‘āam a sudden or violent death
1‫ زؤان‬zu’ān darnel (Lolium temulentum; bot.)
2‫( زان‬syr., eg.) beech |‫زان‬ ‫ ﲦﺮ‬tamar z. beechnuts

‫ زاﻧﺔ‬zāna pl. -āt spear; pole |‫ اﻟﻮﺛﺐ )اﻟﻘﻔﺰ( ﻟﺰاﻧـﺔ‬al-watb (al-qafz) bi-z-z. pole
Confidential
vaulting (athlet.)
‫ زاووق‬zāwūq quicksilver, mercury
‫ زاي‬zāy name of the letter ‫ز‬
‫ زب‬zubb pl. ‫ از ب‬azbāb penis
‫ زﺑﻴـﺐ‬zabīb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬dried grapes, raisins; (eg.) a strong colorless
liquor made of raisins, milky white when diluted with water
‫ ازب‬azabb2, f. ‫ ز ء‬zabbā’2, pl. ‫ زب‬zubb hairy, hirsute, shaggy
‫ زﺑـﺪ‬zabada a to chum (‫ ﻫ ـ‬milk) II to foam, froth, cream (milk) IV to froth,
become foamy, foam (also, with rage)
‫ زﺑــﺪ‬zabad pl. ‫ از د‬azbād foam, froth; dross | ‫ زﺑــﺪ اﻟﺒﺤــﺮ‬z. al-baḥr
meerschaum
‫ زﺑـﺪة‬zubda (fresh) butter (as opposed to ‫ ﲰـﻦ‬samn); cream; -- (pl. ‫زﺑـﺪ‬
zubad) choicest part, prime, cream, flower, elite; extract, quintessence;
essence, substance; gist, main point
‫ زﺑﺪﻳﺔ‬zabdīya pl. ‫ ز دي‬zabādīy bowl
‫ ز د‬zabād civet | ‫ ﺳﻨﻮر اﻟﺰ د‬sinnūr az-z. civet cat
‫ ز دي‬zabādī and ‫( ﻟﱭ ز دي‬laban) curdled milk (eg.)
625
‫ ﻣﺰﺑﺪ‬mizbad, ‫ ﻣﺰﺑﺪة‬mizbada pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاﺑﺪ‬mazābid2 churn

‫ زﺑﺮ‬zabara u i to scold (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ زﺑﺮ‬zubr penis
‫ زﺑﺮة‬zubra pl. ‫ زﺑﺮ‬zubar piece of iron
‫ زﺑﻮر‬zabūr (Book of) Psalms, Psalter
‫ زﺑﺮج‬zibrij ornament, ornamentation, decoration, embellishment
‫ زﺑﺮﺟﺪ‬zabarjad chrysolite (min.)
‫ زﺑﻂ‬zabaṭa i (zabṭ) to quack (duck)
‫ زﺑﻂ‬zabaṭ (eg.) mud, mire
‫ ز ﻃﺔ‬zubāṭa (eg.) bunch of dates
‫ زوﺑﻌﺔ‬zauba‘a pl. ‫ زواﺑﻊ‬zawābi‘2 storm, hurricane
‫ زﺑﻖ‬zabaqa u i (zabq) to tear out, pluck out (‫ ﻫـ‬hair) VII to slip in
‫ زﺑﻞ‬II to dung, manure
‫ زﺑﻞ‬zibl, ‫ زﺑﻠﺔ‬zibla dung, manure
Confidential
‫ ز ل‬zabbāl street sweeper; garbage collector
‫ ز ﻟﺔ‬zubāla refuse, rubbish, garbage, sweepings
‫ ﻣﺰﺑﻠﺔ‬mazbala, mazbula pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاﺑﻞ‬mazābil2 dunghill; garbage can
‫ زﺑﻮن‬zabūn kicking (camel); hot, fierce, cruel (battle); stupid, foolish; fool;
-- (pl. ‫ﺋﻦ‬ ‫ ز‬zabā’in2) customer, client, buyer; guest (of a hotel, end the like) |
‫ زﺑﻮن داﺋﻢ‬patron, regular customer
‫ زﺑﻮن‬zubūn undergarment (nejd, ir.)
‫ ز ﻧﺔ‬zibāna clientele, patronage, custom
‫ ز ﱏ‬zubānā pedipalpus or claw of a scorpion, of a crayfish (usually dual:
‫)ز ﻧﻴﺎ اﻟﻌﻘﺮب‬
‫ ز ﻧﻴﺔ‬zabāniya myrmidons; engels who thrust the damned into Hell
‫ زﺑﻴـﺔ‬zubya pl. ‫ زﰉ‬zuban elevated place above the waterline |‫ﺑﻠـﻎ اﻟﺴـﻴﻞ اﻟـﺰﰉ‬
balaga s-sailu z-zubā the matter reached a climax, things came to a head
‫ زت‬zatta (syr.) to throw
‫ زج‬zajja (1st pers. perf. zajajtu) u (zajj) to throw, hurl (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to push,
shove, urge, drive (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. or s.th.); to press, squeeze, force, cram (‫ب‬
626
or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. or s.th., ‫ ﰲ‬into) |‫( زج ﺑـﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺠﻦ‬zujja, sijn) he was thrown into
prison II to pencil (‫ اﳊـﺎﺟﺒﲔ‬al-ḥājibain the eyebrows); to glaze, coat with
glass (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to enamel (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ زج‬zujj pl. ‫ زﺟﺎج‬zijāj ferrule; arrowhead; spearhead
‫ ازج‬azajj2, f. ‫ زﺟﺎء‬zajjā’, pl. ‫ زج‬zujj having beautifully arched eyebrows
‫ زﺟﺎج‬zujāj glass (as substance)
‫ زﺟﺎﺟـﺔ‬zujāja (u. un.) pl. -āt piece of glass; (glass) bottle, flask; (drinking)
glass, tumbler
‫ زﺟﺎﺟﻲ‬zujājī glass (adj.), glassy, vitreous
‫ زﺟﺎج‬zajjāj glazier
‫ ﻣـﺰﺟﺞ‬muzajjaj glazed, enameled; ‫ ﻣﺰﺟﺠـﺎت‬and ‫ ﻣﺼـﻨﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﺰﺟﺠـﺔ‬enameled
ware
‫ زﺟـﺮ‬zajara u (zajr) to drive back, drive away; to hold back, restrain,
prevent (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ s.o. from); to rebuke, scold, upbraid (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII and VIII
‫ ازدﺟﺮ‬izdajara pass. of I
Confidential
‫ زﺟـﺮ‬zajr forcible prevention; suppression (of customs, abuses, crimes);
rebuke, reprimand
‫ زﺟ ــﺮي‬zajrī reformatory, penitentiary (adj.) |‫( ﻣﻌﻬــﺪ زﺟ ــﺮي‬ma‘had)
reformatory, reform school
‫ ﻣﺰﺟـﺮ‬mazjar: ‫ ﻗﻌـﺪ ﻣﻨـﻪ ﻣﺰﺟـﺮ اﻟﻜﻠـﺐ‬qa‘ada minhu mazjara l-kalb to sit at a
fitting distance from s.o.
‫ زاﺟﺮ‬zājir handicap, impediment, obstacle
‫ زاﺟﺮة‬zājira pl. ‫ زواﺟﺮ‬zawājir2 check, curb; restriction, limitation
‫ زﺟﻞ‬zajala u (zajl) to let go, release (‫ ﻫـ‬a carrier pigeon)
‫ زﺟـﻞ‬zajal pl. ‫ ازﺟـﺎل‬azjāl popular Arabic poem in strophic form; soft
humming sound produced by the jinn at night
‫ زﺟﺎل‬zajjāl reciter of azjal (see above)
‫ ﲪﺎم اﻟﺰاﺟﻞ‬ḥamām az-zājil carrier pigeon, homing pigeon
‫ )زﺟـﺎ )ﻳﺰﺟـﻮ‬zajā u to drive, urge on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.); to squeeze, press,
force, cram (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬into) II to shove, push (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to
drive, urge on (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to jostle, crowd, cram, jam (‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫اﱃ‬
627
into); to take or bring (forcibly) (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ اﱃ‬s.o., s.th. into); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬time)
pass; to pass, spend (‫ ﻫـ‬time) IV to shove, push (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive, urge
on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to jostle, crowd, cram, jam (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o., ‫ اﱃ‬into); to
take or bring (forcibly) (‫ه‬ ,‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. into); to make pass, while away
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬time); to extend (‫ل‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th. to s.o.; greetings, compliments, thanks); to
bestow (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. on s.o.; e.g., praise) |‫( ازﺟﻰ اﱃ اﻟﺬﻫﻦ ان‬dihn) to suggest (the
idea or assumption) that ...
‫ ﻣﺰﺟﻰ‬muzjan little, scanty, paltry, trivial, insignificant
‫ زﺣﺮ‬zaḥara a i (‫ زﺣﲑ‬zaḥīr, ‫ زﺣﺎر‬zuḥār) to groan, moan
‫ زﺣﲑ‬zaḥīr, groan, moan(s)
‫ زﺣﺎر‬zuḥār, groan, moan(s); dysentery (med.)
‫ زﺣﺰح‬zaḥzaḥa (‫ زﺣﺰﺣﺔ‬zaḥzaḥa) to move (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., from its place); to tear, rip
(‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. off) II tazaḥzaḥa to budge, move(‫ ﻋﻦ‬away from)
‫ زﺣـﻒ‬zaḥafa a (zaḥf) to crawl, creep on the ground; to crawl about; to
Confidential
advance (army); to march, be on the march (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against or toward)
‫ زﺣﻒ‬zaḥf advance, march (of an army); (pl. ‫ زﺣﻮف‬zuḥūf) soldiery, army
‫ زﺣﻒ‬creeping, crawling
‫ زﺣﺎﻓـﺔ‬zaḥḥāfa pl. -āt reptile; implement for leveling the ground, leveler;
ski
‫ زاﺣﻒ‬zāḥif creeping, crawling; pl. ‫ زواﺣﻒ‬zawāḥif2 reptiles
‫ زﺣـﻞ‬zaḥala a (zaḥl, ‫ زﺣـﻮل‬zuḥūl) to move away, withdraw, retire (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from
a place) II to remove (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) V = I
‫ زﺣﻞ‬zuḥal2 the planet Saturn
‫ زﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬zaḥlaqa to roll, slide (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II tazaḥlaqa to glide, slide, slip, skid
‫ زﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬zaḥlaqa: ‫ ﻣﻴﺪان اﻟﺰﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬maidān az-z. skating rink
‫ ﺗﺰﺣﻠﻖ‬tazaḥluq skating; sikiing
‫ زﺣﻼوي‬zaḥlāwī from Zaḥle (Lebanon), made in Zaḥle (e.g., arrack)
‫ زﺣﻢ‬zaḥama a (zaḥm) to push, shove, hustle, jostle, crowd, press, beset (‫ه‬
s.o.) III to push, shove, hustle, jostle, crowd, press, beset (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
628
compete, vie (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to press together, crowd together, mill .bout; to
be closely packed lei in); to compete with one another VIII ‫ ازدﺣـﻢ‬izdaḥama
to be crowded, teem, swarm (‫ ب‬with); to jostle, crowd together, mill about
(e.g., people)
‫ زﲪﺔ‬zaḥma crush, jam; crowd, throng
‫ زﺣﺎم‬ziḥām crush, jam; crowd, throng
‫ ﻣﺰاﲪــﺔ‬muzāḥama pl. -āt competition; rivalry |‫( ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒــﻞ اﳌﺰاﲪــﺔ‬yaqbalu)
unrivaled, matchless without competition
‫ ﺗﺰاﺣﻢ‬tazāḥum (mutual) competition
‫ ازدﺣﺎم‬izdiḥām crowd, crush, jam; over-crowdedness
‫ ﻣﺰاﺣﻢ‬muzāḥim pl. -ūn competitor; rival
‫ ﻣﺰاﲪﺔ‬muzāḥima (female) rival
‫ ﻣــﺰدﺣﻢ‬muzdaḥim overcrowded, packed, jammed; teeming, swarming,
crowded, crammed (‫ ب‬with); -- muzdaḥam crowd, crush, jam
‫ زﺧﺔ‬zakka pl. -āt downpour, heavy shower
Confidential
‫ زﺧـﺮ‬zakara a (zakr, ‫ زﺧـﻮر‬zukūr) to swell, rise (e.g., river); to be overfull,
brimful (‫ ب‬of); to boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), vaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to swell; to rise; to
abound (‫ ب‬in), be full (‫ ب‬of)
‫ زاﺧـﺮ‬zākir and ‫ زﺧـﺎر‬zakkār full, brimful, filled to overflowing; abounding

in water (seas); excessive, profuse; exuberant (feeling)
‫زﺧــﺮف‬ zakrafa to adorn, embellish, decorate, ornament (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II
tazakrafa to adorn o.s.; to be embellished, ornamented
‫ زﺧـﺮف‬zukruf pl. ‫ زﺧــﺎرف‬zakārif decoration, ornament, embellishment;
makeup, getup (e.g., of a book); vain, trifling finery | ‫( زﺧـﺎرف ﻟﻔﻈﻴـﺔ‬lafẓīya)
flowers of speech, rhetorical flourishes; ‫اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ زﺧـﺎرف‬z. ad-dunyā the vanities
of this world
‫ زﺧﺮﻓﺔ‬zakrafa pl. -āt decoration (also stage decoration); ornamentation
‫ زﺧﺮﰲ‬zukrufī ornamental, decorative
‫ ﻣﺰﺧـﺮف‬muzakrif interior decorator; -- muzakraf embellished, ornamented
|‫اﳌﺰﺧﺮف‬ ‫( اﳋﻂ اﻟﻜﻮﰲ‬al-kaṭṭ al-kūfī) floriated Kufic writing
‫ زﺧﻢ‬zakama a (zakm) to throat back (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- zakima a (zakam) to stink
629
‫ زﺧﻢ‬zakim stinking
‫ ازﺧﻢ‬azkam2 stinking
‫ زﲬﺔ‬zakma plectrum
‫ زﲬﺔ‬zakama stench
‫ زر‬zarra u to button, button up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to screw, contort (‫‘ ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ‬ainahū
one’s eye) II to button, button up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ زر‬zirr pl. ‫ ازرار‬azrār, ‫ زرور‬zurūr button; push button; knob, pommel; bud
(of a plant); tassel (of the tarboosh, etc.)
‫ زرب‬zariba a to flow (water) II to pen, corral (‫ ﻫـ‬livestock)
‫ زرﺑﻴﺔ‬zurbīya, zirbīya pl. ‫ زراﰉ‬zarābīy carpet, rug
‫ زرﻳﺒـﺔ‬zarība pl. ‫ زراﺋـﺐ‬zarā’ib2 zareba, cattle pen, corral, stockade, fold;
(cattle) barn; (North Af.) hut made of branches
‫ زاروب‬zārūb pl. ‫ زوارب‬zawārib2 a long, narrow lane
‫ ﻣﺰراب‬mizrāb pl. ‫ ﻣﺰارﻳﺐ‬mazārīb2 spout
‫ زرﺑـﻮل‬zarbūl pl. ‫ زراﺑﻴـﻞ‬zarābīl2 and ‫ زرﺑـﻮن‬zarbūn pl. ‫ زراﺑـﲔ‬zarābīn a kind of
Confidential
shoe
‫ زرد‬zarada u (zard) to choke (‫ ه‬s.o.). strangle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.’s neck); to gulp,
swallow, devour (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ ازدرد‬izdarada to swallow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ زردة‬zarda sweet dish made of rice and honey
‫ زرد‬zard pl. ‫ زرود‬zarūd chain mail, coat of mail |‫ ﲪﺎر اﻟﺰرد‬zebra
‫ زردة‬zarada chain link
‫ زردﻳﺔ‬zardīya pliers
‫ ﻣﺰرد‬mazrad throat, gullet
‫ زرزر‬zarzara to chirp
‫ زرزر‬zurzur and ‫ زرزور‬zurzūr pl. ‫ زرازﻳﺮ‬zarāzīr2 starling (zool.)
‫ زرزوري‬zurzūrī gray with white spots (horse)
‫ زرع‬zara‘a a (zar‘) to sow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to spread, scatter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to plant,
raise, grow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬plants); to till, cultivate (‫ اﻷرض‬al-arḍa land); to lay (‫ﻟﻐﻤـﺎ‬
lugman mine) VII pass. of I; VIII ‫ ازدرع‬izdara‘a to sow
630
‫ زرع‬sowing; (pl. ‫ زروع‬zurū‘) seed; young standing crop, green crop;

plantation; field(s) | ‫واﻟﻀﺮع‬ ‫( اﻟﺰرع‬ḍar‘) agriculture and stock farming
‫ زراﻋـﺔ‬zirā‘a agriculture; tilling, tillage; cultivation (of land); growing,
raising (of crops); farming | ‫اﻟﺒﺴﺎﺗﲔ‬ ‫ زراﻋﺔ‬horticulture
‫ زراﻋـﻲ‬zirā‘ī agricultural, agrarian, farm- (in compounds) |‫( ارض زراﻋﻴـﺔ‬arḍ)
arable land; ‫زراﻋﻲ‬ ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬field path, dirt road
‫ زرﻳﻌﺔ‬zarī‘a that whicb is sown or planted; crop
‫ زراع‬zarrā‘ pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn peasant, farmer; planter
‫ ﻣﺰرع‬mazra‘ (arable) land
‫ ﻣﺰرﻋـﺔ‬mazra‘a pl. ‫ ﻣـﺰارع‬mazāri‘ field under cultivation; farm; plantation;
country estate
‫ ﻣﺰرﻋﺎﱐ‬mazra‘ānī farmer
‫ ﻣﺰارﻋﺔ‬muzāra‘a temporary sharecropping contract (īsl. Law)
‫ زارع‬zāri‘ pl. ‫ زراع‬zurrā‘ seedsman, sower; peasant; farmer; planter
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺰروع‬mazrū‘ cultivated, planted
‫ ﻣﺰروﻋﺔ‬mazrū‘a pl. -āt young standing crop, green crop
‫ ﻣﺰارع‬muzāri‘ pl. -ūn peasant, farmer; agronomist
‫ زراﻓﺔ‬zarāfa pl. -āt body, group, cluster (of people) | ‫ زراﻓﺎت ووﺣﺪا‬see ‫واﺣﺪ‬
‫ زراﻓﺔ‬zarāfa, zurāfa pl. ‫ زراﰱ‬zarāfā, zurāfā, ‫ زراﺋﻒ‬zarā’if2 giraffe
2‫ زرق‬zaraqa u i (=‫ )ذرق‬to drop excrement (bird); -- zaraqa u (zarq) to hit,
pierce (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to jab, bore (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬into s.o. or s.th.); to throw, hurl (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ زرق‬zarq: ‫ زرق اﻹﺑﺮ‬z. al-ibar injections, injectings
‫ ﻣﺰراق‬mizrāq pl. ‫ ﻣﺰارﻳﻖ‬mazāriq2 javelin
2‫ زرق‬zariqa a (zaraq) and IX to be blue
‫ زرق‬zaraq blue, blueness, blue color; O glaucoma (med.)
‫ زرﻗﺔ‬zurqa blue, blueness, blue color; O cyanosis
‫ ازرق‬azraq2, f. ‫ زرﻗـﺎء‬zarqā’2, pl. ‫ زرق‬zurq blue; dark-colored; ‫ اﻟﺰرﻗـﺎء‬the blue
sky, the blue
‫ ازرﻗﺎق‬izriqāq blueness, blue |‫ داء اﻻزرﻗﺎق‬dā’ al-izriqāq cyanosis
631
2‫ زورق‬look up alphabetically
‫ زرﻗﻮن‬zarqūn a bright red
‫ زرﻛـﺶ‬zarkaša to embellish with brocade embroidery; to adorn, embellish,
decorate, ornament (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ زرﻛﺶ‬zarkaš brocade, gold and silver embroidery
‫ ﻣــﺰرﻛﺶ‬muzarkaš embellished with brocade embroidery, brocaded;
embroidered (‫ ب‬with silver and gold thread); embroidered; embellished,
decorated, ornamented | ‫اﳌﺰرﻛﺶ‬ ‫( اﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬qalam) ornamental writing
‫ زرﻧﻴﺦ‬zirnīk, zarnik arsenic
‫ زرى‬zarā i (‫ زراﻳـﺔ‬zirāya) to rebuke, scold, upbraid (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), find fault ( ‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o. because of s.th.); to revile, disparage (‫ ب‬or J- s.0.), detract (‫ب‬
or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬from) IV to derogate, detract (‫ ب‬from s.o. or s.th.), belittle, ridicule
(‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) V = I; VIII ‫ ازدرى‬izdarā to slight (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.),
make light, think little (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬of), defy (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., danger) X = VIII
Confidential
‫ زرى‬zarīy bad, poor, miserable, despicable, contemptible
‫ زراﻳﺔ‬zirāya contempt, disdain; revilement, disparagement
‫ ازراء‬izrā’ contempt, disregard
‫ ازدراء‬izdirā’ contempt, disdain, scorn
‫ ﻣﺰرى‬muzran despicable, contemptible
‫ زﻋﱪ‬za‘bara to deceive, cheat (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ زﻋﺒـﻮط‬za‘abūṭ pl. ‫ زﻋـﺎﺑﻴﻂ‬za‘ābīṭ2 a woolen fabric; woolen garment with a
low neckline, worn esp. by the fellahin (eg.)
‫ زﻋﱰ‬za‘tar = ‫ﺳﻌﱰ‬
‫ زﻋـﺞ‬za‘aja a and IV to disturb (‫ ه‬s.o.); to trouble, inconvenience, molest,
pester, harass (‫ ه‬s.o.); to disquiet, alarm make uneasy, upset (. s.o.); to stir
up (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from a place), rouse (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ه ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from a state. e.g.,
from sleep, etc.), drive (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ه ﻋـﻦ‬ s.o. from) VII to be stirred up, be
roused; to be alarmed (‫ ﻣﻦ‬by or at), feel uneasy (‫ ﻣﻦ‬about s.th.)
‫ زﻋﺞ‬za‘aj uneasiness, unrest
632
‫ ازﻋﺎج‬iz‘āj disturbance
‫ اﻧﺰﻋﺎج‬inzi‘āj inconvenience, trouble, discomfort; disturbance, confusion
‫ ﻣـﺰﻋﺞ‬muz‘aj annoying, troublesome, irksome, inconvenient, unpleasant;
harrying; disquieting; unsettling; pl. ‫ ﻣﺰﻋﺠﺎت‬troubles, discomforts
‫ زﻋﺮ‬za‘ir thin-haired
‫ ازﻋﺮ‬az‘ar 2, f. ‫ زﻋﺮاء‬za‘rā’ thin-haired; tailless
‫ ازﻋــﺮ‬az‘ar pl. ‫ زﻋـﺮان‬za‘rān (leb., pal.) highwayman, brigand; crook,
scoundrel
‫ زﻋﺎرة‬za‘āra maliciousness, meanness
‫ زﻋــﺮور‬zū‘rūr pl. ‫ زﻋــﺎرﻳﺮ‬za‘ārīr2 ill-tempered, peevish, testy, irascible;
azarole, Neapolitan medlar (Crataegus azarolus; bot.)
‫ زﻋﺰع‬za‘za‘a to shake violently, convulse, rock (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to shake, upset (‫ﻫـ‬
e.g., a resolve, a belief, etc.) II taza‘zaa to be convulsed; to work loose,
wobble, be loose; to shake, rock, totter |‫ﻳﺘﺰﻋﺰع‬ ‫ ﻻ‬unshakable
‫ رﻳﺢ زﻋﺰع‬rīḥ za‘za‘ and ‫( رﻳﺢ زﻋﺰﻋﺎن‬za‘za‘ān) violent gale, hurricane
Confidential
‫ زﻋﺰﻋﺔ‬za‘za‘a pl. ‫ زﻋﺎزع‬convulsion, shock, concussion
‫ زﻋﺰوع‬za‘zū‘ lean, skinny, lanky, spindling
‫ ﻣﺰﻋـﺰع‬muza‘za‘ convulsed, shocked; upset, disorganized; tottering, shaky,
wobbly, unsteady, precarious
‫ ﻣﺘﺰﻋـﺰع‬mutaza‘zi‘ unsteady, shaky, wobbly, precarious; tottering, rocking;
fickle, uncertain, changeable
‫ زﻋﻂ‬za‘aṭa (za‘ṭ) to drive away
‫ زﻋﻒ‬za‘afa a (za‘f) to kill instantly (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do.
‫ ﺳﻢ زﻋﺎف‬samm zi‘āf a rapidly killing, deadly poison
‫ زﻋﻔﺮان‬za‘farān saffron
‫ زﻋﻖ‬za‘aqa a (za‘q) to cry, yell, shriek, scream
‫ زﻋﻖ‬za‘q clamor, shouting, crying, screaming, yelling
‫ زﻋﻘﺔ‬za‘qa pl. za‘aqāt cry, outcry, yell, scream, shriek
‫ زﻋﻴﻖ‬za‘īq clamor, shouting, crying, screaming, yelling
‫ زﻋـﻞ‬za‘ila a (za‘al) to be bored, be fed up (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with s.th.), be tired (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of);
to be annoyed, angry II to annoy, vex (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to trouble, annoy (‫ ه‬s.o.)
633
‫ زﻋﻞ‬za‘al displeasure, annoyance, irritation, vexation

‫ زﻋﻞ‬za‘il annoyed, angry, vexed, put out
‫ زﻋﻼن‬za‘lān2 annoyed, angry, vexed, put out
‫ زاﻋﻮﻟﺔ‬zā‘ūla annoyance, anger, irritation) vexation
‫ زﻋـﻢ‬za‘ama u (za‘m) to maintain, allege, claim, pretend (‫ ان‬that), declare
(‫ان‬ ‫ ل‬to s.o. that); to believe; to take (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. for or to be ...), regard (‫ه ﻫ ـ‬
s.o. as); | ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬‫ زﻋﻢ‬to claim for o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to set o.s. up as leader; to be
the leader (‫ ه‬of), lead, command (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a body of soldier, or the like); to
pretend to be the leader, pose as leader, be bossy
‫ زﻋﻢ‬za‘m allegation, claim |‫ ﰲ زﻋﻤﻬﻢ‬as they claim, III they say
‫ زﻋـﻴﻢ‬za‘īm, pl. ‫ زﻋﻤـﺎء‬zu‘amā’2 leader; ringleader; colonel (Ir. 1922);
brigadier general (mil.; formerly syr.); guarantor (‫ ب‬of)
‫ زﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬za‘āma leadership; leading position in politics
‫ ﻣﺰاﻋﻢ‬mazā‘im2 allegation; claims, pretensions; assumptions, conjectures
Confidential
mean;
‫ ﻣﺰﻋﻮم‬maz‘ūm pretended, claimed; alleged, so-called
‫ زﻋﻨﻔﺔ‬zi‘nifa pl. ‫ زﻋـﺎﻧﻒ‬za‘ānif2, horde, pack, mob, rabble, rifraff; low hue,
pl. fins (of fish); flippers (of whale, seal, and the like)
‫ زﻏﺐ‬zagab down, lid, fuzz
‫ زﻏﺐ‬zagib downy, fluffy, fuzzy, covered with fuzz
‫ ازﻏﺐ‬azgab2 downy, fluffy, fuzzy, covered with fuzz
‫ زﻏﱪ‬zagbar nap (of a fabric) | ‫اﺧﺬ ﺑﺰﻏﱪﻩ‬he took all of it
‫ زﻏﺪ‬zagada a to nudge, poke (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ زﻏﺮ‬zagara a (eg.) to eye (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬s.th., s.o.), lear (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬at)
‫ زﻏـﺮد‬zagrada (‫ زﻏـﺮدة‬zagrada) to utter shrill, long-drawn and trilling sounds
(as a manifestation of joy by Arab women)
‫ زﻏﺎرﻳﺪ‬zagārīd2 shrill, trilling cries of joy (of women)
‫ زﻏﺮط‬zagraṭa = ‫زﻏﺮد‬
‫ زﻏﺎرﻳﻂ‬zagārīṭ2 = ‫زﻏﺎرﻳﺪ‬
‫ زﻏﺰغ‬zagzaga to hide, conceal (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to tickle (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ زﻏﻄﺔ‬zuguṭṭa (eg.) hiccup
634
‫ زﻏـﻞ‬zagala a (zag,) to pour out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to counterfeit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., coins),

adulterate, debase (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ زﻏﻞ‬zagal counterfeit money
‫ ﻣﺰﻏﻞ‬mazgal pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاﻏﻞ‬mazāgil2 loophole, embrasure
‫ زﻏﻠﻞ‬zuglala to dazzIe (‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬an-naẓar the eyes)
‫ زﻏﻠـﻮل‬zuglūl pl. ‫ زﻏﺎﻟﻴـﻞ‬zagālīl2 baby, infant; zaglūl (eg.) squab, young
pigeon
‫ زف‬zaffa (1st pers. perf. zafaftu) i (zaff, ‫ زﻓـﻮف‬zufūf) to hurry; -- u (zaff,
‫ زﻓـﺎف‬zifāf) to conduct in solemn procession (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬the bride, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to the
bridegroom); pass. ‫زﻓـﺖ اﱃ‬ zuffat ilā to be married off to, be given in
marriage to; to conduct in solemn procession to her new home (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬the bride,
also said of the bridegroom); to inform (‫ اﱃ‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), tell (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to
s.o.) |‫اﱃ‬ ‫( زف اﻟﺒﺸﺮى‬bušrā) to bring glad tidings to
‫ زﻓـﺔ‬zaffa procession (of people), wedding procession; -- one time; ‫زﻓـﺔ‬
Confidential
zaffatan once (= marratan)
‫ زﻓـﺎف‬zifāf wedding, wedding ceremony |‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ اﻟﺰﻓـﺎف‬lailat az-z. wedding
night
‫ زﻓﻮف‬zafūf ostrich; fleet, swift (camel)
‫ زﻓﻴﻒ‬zafīf sough(ing) (of the wind)
‫ ﻣﺰﻓﺔ‬mizaffa bridal sedan
‫ زﻓﺖ‬II to smear with pitch, to pitch; to asphalt (‫ ﻫـ‬a road)
‫ زﻓـﺖ‬zift pitch; asphalt |‫( زﻓـﺖ وﻗﻄـﺮان‬qaṭrān) (lit., pitch and tar) unpleasant,
annoying, awkward; damned (bad luck)!
O ‫ ﻣﺰﻓﺘﺔ‬mizfata pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاﻓﺖ‬mazāfit2 asphalting machine
‫ ﺗﺰﻓﻴﺖ‬tazfīt asphalting
2‫ زﻓـﺮ‬zafara i (zafr, ‫ زﻓـﲑ‬zafīr) to sigh deeply, heave deep sighs; to pant,
groan, moan; to blow off, exhaust, puff out (‫ ﻫـ‬air, breath)
‫ زﻓﺮة‬zafra pl. zafarāt sigh, moan
‫ زﻓـﲑ‬zafīr exhaling, exhalation, expiration; sighing, moaning, moans; see
also alphabetically
635
2‫ زﻓﺮ‬II to soil with grease begrime (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ زﻓـﺮ‬zafar grease, greasy food |‫ ﺛـﻼ ء اﻟﺰﻓـﺮ‬talātā’ az-z. Mardi Gras, Shrove
Tuesday (Chr.)
‫ زﻓﺮ‬zafir greasy; grimy; unclean, dirty, filthy; stinking, rancid, rank
‫ زﻓﺰﻓﺔ‬zafzafa soughing, whistling (of the wind)
‫ زﻓﻦ‬zafana i to dance, gambol
‫ زﻓﲑ‬zafīr zephyr cloth
‫ زق‬zaqqa u (zaqq) to feed (‫ ﻫـ‬its young ones; of a bird)
‫ زق‬ziqq pl. ‫ ازﻗﺎق‬azqāq, ‫ زﻗﺎق‬ziqāq, ‫ زﻗﺎن‬zuqqān skin (as a receptacle)
‫ زﻗﺎق‬zuqāq m. and f., pl. ‫ ازﻗﺔ‬aziqqa lane, alley; strait, corridor (geogr.)
‫ زﻗـﺰق‬zaqzaqa (‫ زﻗﺰﻗـﺔ‬zaqzaqa) to peep, chirp, cheep; to feed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬its young
ones; of a bird); to dandle, rock in one’s arms (‫ ه‬a child)
‫ زﻗﺰاق‬zaqzāq pewit, lapwing
‫ اﻟﺰﻗﺎزق‬az-zaqāzīq2 Zagazig (city in N Egypt)
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1‫ زﻗﻠﺔ‬zuqla and ‫ زﻗﻠﻴﺔ‬zuqlīya (eg.) club, cudgel, truncheon
2‫ زﻗﻴﻠﺔ‬zaqīla pl. ‫ زﻗﺎﺋﻞ‬zaqā’il2 narrow road, path, trail
‫ زﻗـﻢ‬zaqama u (zaqm) to swallow gulp, gobble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬food) IV to make (‫ه‬

s.o.) swallow or gulp down (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ ازدﻗﻢ‬izdaqama = I
‫ زﻗــﻮم‬zaqqūm zaqqum, an infernal tree with exceedingly bitter fruit,
mentioned in the Koran
‫ )زﻗﺎ )زﻗﻮ‬zaqā u to cry, crow, peep, cheep
‫ زﻗﺎء‬zuqā’ crowing (of a rooster)
‫ زﻛﺐ‬zakaba u (‫ زﻛﻮب‬zukūb) to fill up, fill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ زﻛﻴﺒﺔ‬zakība pl. ‫ زﻛﺎﺋﺐ‬zakā’ib2 (eg.) sack, bag, gunny sack
‫ زﻛـﺮة‬zukra pl. ‫ زﻛـﺮ‬zukar small (wine)skin; -- a wind instrument resembling
the oboe (tun.)
‫ زﻛﻢ‬pass. zukima to catch a cold
‫ زﻛﺎم‬zukām (common) cold, catarrh
‫ زﻛﻤﺔ‬zakma (common) cold, catarrh
‫ زﻛﺎﻧﺔ‬zakāna flair; intuition
636
(‫ زﻛﻮ‬and ‫زﻛﺎ‬ (‫ زﻛﻰ‬zakā u (‫ زﻛﺎء‬zakā’) to thrive; to grow, increase; to be pure

in heart, be just, righteous, good; to be fit, suitable (‫ ب‬for s.o.), befit (‫ب‬
s.o.); --zakiya a to grow, increase II to increase, augment, make grow (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to purify, chasten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to justify, vindicate (‫ ه‬s.o.), vouch for, or
bear witness to, s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬integrity, declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) honest, upright or just,
attest the honorable record of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to attest the truth, validity or
credibility of s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to command, praise (‫ ه‬s.o.); to recommend IV to
cause to grow; to grow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to be purified, be chastened
‫ زﻛﻲ‬zakīy pl. ‫ ازﻛﻴـﺎء‬azkiyā’2 pure; chaste; guiltless, blameless, sinless; also
= ‫ ذﻛﻲ‬dakīy, e.g., ‫زﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫)راﺋﺤﺔ‬
‫ زﻛﺎء‬zakā’ growth; (moral) purity, integrity, honesty, righteousness
(‫زﻛـﺎة‬ (‫زﻛـﻮة‬ zakāh pl. ‫زﻛـﺎ‬ zakan, ‫زﻛـﻮات‬ zakawāt purity; justness, integrity,
honesty; justification, vindication; almsgiving, alms, charity; alms tax
(Isl. Law) |‫اﻟﻔﻄـﺮ‬ ‫ زﻛـﺎة‬z. al-fiṭr obligatory donation of foodstuffs required at
Confidential
the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting
‫ ازﻛﻰ‬azkā purer; more befitting, more appropriate; better
‫ ﺗﺰﻛﻴـﺔ‬tazkiya purification, chastening; pronouncement of s.o.’s integrity or
credibility; attentation of (a witness’) honorable record (Isl. Law)
‫ زل‬zalla (1st pers. perf. zalaltu) i (zall) and zalla (1st pers. perf. zaliltu) a
(‫ زﻟﻞ‬zalal) to slip; to make a mistake, commit an error, a slip; to slide off s.o.
(‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, fail to affect s.o. (‫ ;ﻋـﻦ‬said of evil) IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to slip; to make
(‫ ه‬s.o.) stumble or trip
‫ زل‬zall a kind of reed (syr.)
‫ زﻟﺔ‬zalla slip, lapse | ‫ زﻟﺔ اﻟﻠﺴﺎن‬z. lisān slip of the tongue
‫ زل‬zalal slip, slipping; lapse; mistake, error, oversight
‫ زﻻل‬zulāl cold water ‫ زﻻل اﻟﺒﻴﺾ‬z. al-baiḍ white of egg, albumen
‫ زﻻﱄ‬zulālī albuminous; ‫ زﻻﻟﻴـﺎت‬zulālīyāt proteins |‫( ﻣـﻮاد زﻻﻟﻴـﺔ‬mawādd2)
proteins
‫ زﻻﺑﻴـﺔ‬zalābiya pl. -āt a kind of doughnut cooked in oil and sprinkled with
sugar
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1‫ زﰿ‬zalaja a (‫ زﻟـﻮج‬zulūj) and zalija a to slip; to slide along, glide along V
do. |‫اﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬ ‫( ﺗﺰﰿ ﻋﻠﻰ‬talj) to skate VII = V

‫ زﰿ‬zalj slippery
‫ زﻟﻴﺞ‬zalīj slippery
‫ ﻣﺰﰿ‬mizlaj pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاﰿ‬mazālij2 skate
‫ ﻣﺰﻻج‬mizlāj pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاﻟﻴﺞ‬mazālīj2 (sliding) bolt (on a door)
2‫ زﻟﻴﺞ‬zulaij faïence, ornamental tile
‫ زﻟﻴﺠﻲ‬zulaijī faience, ornamental tile
‫ زﻟـﺰل‬zalzala to shake, rook, convulse, cause to tremble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬s.th., s.o.);
pass. zulzila also: to waver, stumble II tazalzala to quake (earth)
‫ زﻟﺰﻟﺔ‬zalzala pl. ‫ زﻻزل‬zalāzil earthquake
‫ زﻟﺰال‬zalzāl, zilzāl concussion, shock, convulsion; earthquake
‫ زﻟﻂ‬zalaṭa u to swallow, gulp down, gobble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to strip, undress (‫ه‬
s.o.) V to undress, strip
‫ زﻟﻂ‬zulṭ nakedness, nudity
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‫ زﻟﻂ‬zalaṭ (coll.; n. un. ‫( )ة‬eg.) gravel, pebbles; road metal, ballast
‫ زﻟﻌﺔ‬zal‘a pl. ‫ زﻟﻊ‬zila‘ (eg.) a kind of tall clay jar
‫ زﻟﻌﻮم‬zal‘ūm pl. ‫ زﻻﻋﻴﻢ‬zalā‘īm2 gullet, throat
‫ زﻟـﻒ‬zalafa u (zalf, zalaf, ‫ زﻟﻴـﻒ‬zalīf) to approach (‫ اﱃ‬s.o. or s.th.), advance
(‫ اﱃ‬toward), go near II to exaggerate, blow up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a report, ‫ ﰲ‬in) IV to bring
near, bring close (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to flatter (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.), fawn (‫ اﱃ‬upon s.o.),
curry favor, ingratiate o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬with s.o., also ‫ )ل‬VIII ‫ ازدﻟﻒ‬izdalafa to flatter
‫ زﻟﻒ‬zalaf servile flattery, sycophancy, toadyism, bootlicking
‫ زﻟﻔــﺔ‬zulfa and ‫ زﻟﻔــﻰ‬zulfā servile flattery, sycophancy, toadyism,
bootlicking
‫ ﻣﺘﺰﻟﻒ‬mutazallif sycophant, toady, bootlicker
‫ زﻟـﻖ‬zaliqa a (zalaq) and zalaqa u (zalq) to glide, slide; to slip II to make
slippery (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to slip, glide (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.th. into) IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to slip |
‫( ازﻟﻘـﻪ ﺑﺒﺼـﺮﻩ‬bi-baṣarihī) to look at s.o. sternly or disapprovingly V and VII to
glide, slide; to skid, slither, slide (‫ اﱃ‬into s.th.), to slip; to ski; to skate | ‫اﻧﺰﻟﻖ‬
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‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﺜﻠﺞ‬talj) to ski; to skate VII to slip from s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋـﻦ‬hand, from s.th.
(‫)ﻋﻦ‬
‫ زﻟﻖ‬zaliq slippery
‫زﻟﻘﺔ‬zalqa (n. vic.) slip, skid, slideslip
‫ زﻻﻗﺔ‬zalāqa slipperiness
‫ زﻻﻗــﺔ‬zallāqa pl. -āt sleigh, sledge, sled; toboggan; toboggan chute,
sledding course; gutter, eaves trough
‫ ﻣﺰﻟــﻖ‬mazlaq pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاﻟــﻖ‬mazāliq2 slippery spot; slide, chute; esp. pl.
treacherous, perilous ground, pitfalls, dangers, perils
‫ ﻣﺰﻟﻘـﺎن‬mazlaqān (dual) (loading) ramp; gradient, ramp, driveway, access
road
‫ ﻣﺰﻟـﻖ‬mizlaq skate; ‫ ﻣﺰﻟﻘـﺎن‬a pair of skates | O ‫‘( ﻣﺰﻟـﻖ ذو ﻋﺠـﻼت‬ajalāt) roller
skate
‫ ﻣﺰﻟﻘﺔ‬mizlaqa pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاﻟﻖ‬mazāliq2 sleigh, sledge, sled; toboggan
‫ اﻧﺰﻻق‬inzilāq slipping, sliding, skidding; skiing; skating
‫ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻖ‬munzaliq: ‫ ب ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻖ‬sliding door
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1‫ زﱂ‬zalam pl.
divination
‫ازﻻم‬ azlām arrow without head and feathers, used in
2‫ زﻟﻮﻣﺔ‬zullūma, zallūma pl. ‫ زﻻﱂ‬zalālim2 trunk (of an elephant)
‫ زم‬zamma u (zamm) to tie up, fasten, tighten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to truss up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)

|‫( زم ﻧﻔـﻪ‬bi-anfihī) to turn up one’s nose, be supercilious II to bridle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
camel), put the bridle (‫ ﻫـ‬on a camel)
‫ زﻣـﺎم‬zimām pl. ‫ ازﻣـﺔ‬azimma camel halter, nose rope of the camel; rein,
bridle; halter; day hook; register; ground, land | ‫ ﺑﺰﻣﺎﻣـﻪ‬under his supervision,
under his direction, ‫ زﻣـﺎم اﻷﻣـﺮ‬z. al-amr reins of power, ‫ ﻗـﺒﺾ ﻋﻠـﻰ ازﻣـﺔ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬to
hold the reins of power in one’s hand, be in control of power, wield power;
‫ ﺗﻮﱃ زﻣﺎم اﳊﻜﻢ‬tawallā z. al-ḥukm to seize the reins of power, assume power
‫ زﻣﺖ‬V to be prim, sedate, staid
‫ زﻣﺖ‬tazammut primness gravity, sedateness
‫ ﻣﺘﺰﻣـﺖ‬mutazammit grave, stern, staid, sedate (character); prim; narrow-
minded
J'!-j zam;ara (;j~j zam;ara) to .oold, to
639
storm, rage, rave

‫ زﳎﺮ‬zamjara (‫ زﳎﺮة‬zamjara) to scold; to storm, rage, rave
1‫ زﻣﺮ‬zamara i u (zamr, ‫ زﻣﲑ‬zamīr) to blow, play (a wind instrument) II do.
‫ زﻣﺮ‬zamr blowing, playing (of a wind instrument)

‫ زﻣـﺮ‬zamr pl. ‫ زﻣـﻮر‬zumūr a wind instrument resembling the shoe; horn (of
an automobile; syr.)
‫ زﻣﺮة‬zumra pl. ‫ زﻣﺮ‬zumar troop; group (of people); ‫ زﻣﺮة دﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬blood group
‫ زﻣﺎر‬zammār player (on a wind instrument), piper
‫ زﻣﺎرة‬zammāra, zummāra pl. ‫ زﻣﺎﻣﲑ‬zamāmīr2 (eg.) a wood-wind instrument
consisting of two pipes, related to the clarinet; siren |‫اﻹﻧـﺬار‬ ‫ زﻣـﺎرة‬z. al-indār
warning siren
‫ ﻣﺰﻣﺎر‬mizmār single-pipe wood-wind instrument resembling the oboe
‫ ﻣﺰﻣﻮر‬mazmūr pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاﻣﲑ‬mazāmīr2 psalm
2‫ ازﻣﲑ‬izmīr2 Izmir, Smyrna (seaport in W Turkey)
‫ زﻣﺮد‬zumurrud emerald
Confidential
Mecca
‫ زﻣﺮدى‬zumurrudī emerald(-colored)
‫ زﻣﺰم‬zamzama to rumble, roll (thunder); to murmur
‫ زﻣـﺰم‬zamzam copious, abundant (esp. water); Zemzem, name of a well in
‫ زﻣﺰﻣﻴﺔ‬zamzamīya water flasak, canteen; O thermos bottle

‫ زﻣﺰﻣﺔ‬zamzama pl. ‫ زﻣﺎزم‬zamāzim2 roll of thunder; roar of a lion
‫ زﻣﻂ‬zamaṭa to escape, slip away
‫ زﻣـﻊ‬II end IV to determine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), decide, resolve, be determined
(‫ﻫـ‬ ,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺰﻣـﻊ‬muzmi‘ determined, rseolved; -- muzma‘ and ‫ ﻣﺰﻣـﻊ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬decided;
imminent; forthcoming, prospective | ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ اﳌﺆﲤﺮ اﳌﺰﻣﻊ ﻋﻘـﺪﻩ‬... al-mu’tamar al-m.
‘aqduhū fī the conference which is to be held on (with following date)
1 ‫زﻣــﻞ‬ III to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) company, be s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬companion, be a
colleague or associate (‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ه‬of s.o. in s.th.); to accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to be
comrades, be close companions
‫ زﻣﻠﺔ‬zumla party, company (of people)
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‫ زﻣﻴـﻞ‬zamīl pl. ‫ زﻣـﻼء‬zumalā’2 companion, crony, associate, comrade;

colleague; accomplice
‫ زﻣﻴﻠﺔ‬zamiīla pl. -āt (woman) companion; (woman) colleague; sister ship
‫ زﻣﺎﻟﺔ‬zamāla comradeship; colleagueship; fellowship |‫( زﻣﺎﻟـﺔ دراﺳـﻴﺔ‬dirāsīya)
scholarship, stipend (ir.)
2‫ ازﻣﻴﻞ‬izmīl pl. ‫ ازاﻣﻴﻞ‬azāmīl2 chisel
‫ زﻣـﻦ‬zamina a (‫ زﻣﺎﻧـﺔ‬zamāna) to be chronically ill IV to stay long, remain

(‫ ب‬at a place); to last long; to be chronic (disease)
‫ زﻣـﻦ‬zaman pl. ‫ ازﻣـﺎن‬azmān time; period, stretch of time; duration; ‫زﻣﻨـﺎ‬
zamanan for some time
‫ زﻣﻨﺔ‬zamana period or time
‫ زﻣﻦ‬zamin, ‫ زﻣﲔ‬zamīn pl. ‫ زﻣﲎ‬zamnā chronically ill
‫ زﻣـﺎن‬zamān pl. ‫ ازﻣﻨـﺔ‬azmina time; duration; fortune, late, destiny | ‫ﻣـﻦ زﻣـﺎن‬
for some time (past), for quite a while; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬always, ever; ‫زﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ اﻫﻞ‬ahl z.
his contemporaries
Confidential
‫ زﻣـﲎ‬zamanī temporal, time (adj.); worldly, earthly; passing, transient,
transitory; secular |‫زﻣﻨﻴـﺔ‬
bomb
‫ اﻟﻐـﺎم‬mines with time fuse; ‫( ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ زﻣﻨﻴـﺔ‬qunbula) time
‫ زﻣــﺎﱐ‬zamānī temporal, time; worldly, earthly; passing, transient,

transitory; secular
‫ زﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬zamanīya and ‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬zamānīya period or time, given time
‫ زﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬zamāna chronic illness
‫ ﻣـﺰﻣﻦ‬muzmin lasting, enduring, long, lived; old, deep-seated, inveterate;
chronic
‫ زﻣﻬﺮ‬zamhara to become red, flushed, blood-shot IV ‫ ازﻣﻬﺮ‬izmaharra do.
‫ زﻣﻬﺮﻳﺮ‬zamharīr bitter cold, severe frost
‫ زن‬zanna u (zann) to buzz, drone (insect)
‫ زن‬zann buzz(ing), drone
‫ ز‬zana’a to be limited, be restricted, be confined, be curbed, be
suppressed II to restrict, keep within bounds, beset, harry, drive in a corner
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ زﻧﱪ‬II tazanbara to display proud, haughty manners (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬toward s.o.)
641
‫ زﻧﺒﻮر‬zunbūr pl. ‫ ز ﺑﲑ‬zanābīr2 hornet

‫ زﻧـﱪك‬zanbarak, zunburuk, zunburak pl. ‫( ز ﺑـﻚ‬metal) spring; spiral spring;
cock (of a rifle, etc.)
‫ زﻧﺒﻖ‬zanbaq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ز ﺑﻖ‬zanābiq2 lily; iris (bot.)
‫ زﻧﺒﻠﻚ‬zanbalik = ‫زﻧﱪك‬
‫ زﻧﺒﻴﻞ‬zanbīl, zinbīl pl. ‫ ز ﺑﺒﻴﻞ‬zanābīl2 basket made of palm leaves
‫ زﻧﺘﺎري‬zintārī dysentery
‫ زﻧﺞ‬zanj, zinj (coll.) pl. ‫ زﻧﻮج‬zunūj Negro(es)
‫ زﳒﻲ‬zanjī, zinjī Negro (adj. and n.)
‫ زﳒﺒﺎر‬zanjabār Zanzibar (island and seaport of E African coast)
‫ زﳒﺒﻴﻞ‬zanjabīl ginger
1‫ زﳒﺮ‬zanjara to flip, snap (with the fingers)
2‫ زﳒﺎر‬zinjār verdigris
‫ زﳒﻔﺮ‬zunjufr, zinjafr cinnabar
Confidential
‫ زﳒﲑ‬zinjīr pl. ‫ ز ﺟﲑ‬zanājīr2 chain |‫ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺰﳒﲑ‬double-entry bookkeeping
‫ زﻧﺦ‬zanika a (zanak) to turn rancid
‫ زﻧﺦ‬zanik rancid, rank
‫ زﻧﺪ‬zand m. and f., pl. ‫ ز د‬zinād, ‫ زﻧﻮد‬zunūd stick of a fire drill, a primitive
device for kindling fire; by extension, the whole fire drill; -- zand, zind (pl.
‫ زﻧﻮد‬zunūd) ulna (anat.); forearm
‫ ز د‬zinād pl. ‫ ازﻧـﺪ‬aznida fire steel; cock, hammer (of a rifle, etc.) | ‫ﺣﺠـﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﺰ د‬ḥajar az-zinād flint
‫ زﻧﺪق‬II tazandaqa to be a freethinker, an atheist
‫ زﻧﺪﻗﺔ‬zandaqa atheism
‫ زﻧﺪﻳﻖ‬zindīq pl. ‫ ز دﻗﺔ‬zanādiqa zendik, unbeliever, freethinker, atheist
‫ زﻧﺮ‬II: ‫( زﻧﺮ اﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬bi-‘ainihī) to glare at s.o.
‫ ز ر‬zunnār and ‫ ز رة‬zunnāra pl.
‫ ز ﻧﲑ‬zanānīr2 belt, girdle; sash; band or rope worn around the waist; cross
stripe, traverse band
‫ زﻧﺰاﻧﺔ‬zinzāna pl. -āt prison cell (eg.)
642
‫ زﻧﻠﺨﺖ‬zanzalakt China tree (Melia azedarach; bot.)

‫ زﻧﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬zinṭārīya dysentery
‫ زﻧـﻖ‬zanaqa i (rang) to tighten, constrict (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hobble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal)
II to keep on short rations, scrimp (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), be stingy, tight-fisted (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
toward)
‫ زﻧﻘﺔ‬zanaqa (magr. zanga) pl. ‫ زﻧﻖ‬zinaq narrow street, lane, alley, dead-end
street
‫ زﻧﻖ‬zināq neckband, collar
‫ زﻧﻚ‬zink zinc
‫ زﳕﺮدة‬zanmarda virago, termagant
‫ زﻧﻴﻢ‬zanīm low, despised, ignoble, mean; bastard; stranger, outsider
‫ زﱏ‬zanā i ( ‫ ز‬,‫ زﱏ‬zinan, ‫ ز ء‬zinā’) to commit adultery, fornicate, whore
‫ زﱏ‬zinan adultery; fornication
‫ ز ء‬zinā’ adultery; fornication
‫ زان‬zānin pl.; ‫ ز ة‬zunāh fornicator, adulterer
Confidential
‫ زاﻧﻨﻴﺔ‬zāniya pl. ‫ زوان‬zawānin2 whore, harlot; adulteress
‫ زﻫـﺪ‬zahada a, zahida a and zahuda u (zuhd) to abstain (‫ ﰲ‬from, also ,‫ﻋـﻦ‬
‫)ﻫـ‬, renounce, abandon, foresake (‫ ﰲ‬s.th., also ‫ ﻫـ‬,‫)ﻋﻦ‬, withdraw (‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ ﰲ‬from),
refuse to have anything to do with (‫اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ( | زﻫـﺪ ﰲ‬,‫(ﰲ‬dunyā) to renounce
pleasure in worldly things, become an ascetic, lead a pious, ascetic life II to
induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to withdraw or abstain (‫ ﰲ‬from); to spoil s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pleasure
in (‫)ﰲ‬, arouse a dislike (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬in s.o. for) V to practice asceticism, withdraw
from the world X to deem little, insignificant, trifling, small
‫ زﻫـﺪ‬zuhd (voluntary) renunciation (‫ ﰲ‬of s.th.); jndifference (‫ ﰲ‬to, esp. to
worldly things); abstemiousness, abstinence; asceticism | ‫اﻟﺰﻫــﺪ ﰲ اﻟــﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
(dunyā) asceticism
‫ زﻫﻴـﺪ‬zahīd little, low, moderate (esp. price), insignificant, peltry, trifling.
small; a little, a small amount (‫ ﰲ‬of)
‫ زﻫﺎدة‬zahāda smallness, lowness, moderateness
‫ ﺗﺰﻫﺪ‬tazahhud asceticism, life of retirement devoted to the service of God
643
‫ زﻫـﺪ‬zāhid pl. ‫ زﻫـﺎد‬zuhhād abstemious, abstinent, continent, self-denying;

ascetic
‫ زﻫـﺮ‬zahara a (‫ زﻫـﻮر‬zuhūr) to shine, give light, be radiant IV to glow,
gleam, glare, shine; to blossom, be in bloom (plant, flower) VIII ‫ازدﻫـﺮ‬
izdahara to shine brightly, be radiant; to blossom, be in bloom; to flourish,
prosper, thrive
‫ زﻫﺮ‬zahr, (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ زﻫﻮر‬zuhūr, ‫ ازﻫﺮ‬azhur, ‫ ازﻫﺎر‬azhār, ‫ ازاﻫﺮ‬azāhir2,
‫ ازاﻫـﲑ‬azāhīr2 flowers; blossoms; --cast iron (also ‫ زﻫـﺮ اﳊﺪﻳـﺪ( |زﻫـﺮ اﻟﺜـﺎﻟﻮث‬z.
at-tālūt pansy; ‫ زﻫﺮ اﻟﺮﺑﻴـﻊ‬primrose; ‫ زﻫـﺮ اﻟﻌﺴـﻞ‬al-‘asal honeysuckle; ‫ زﻫـﺮ اﻟﻠﺆﻟـﺆ‬z.
al-lu’lu’ daisy; ‫ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺰﻫﺮ‬orange-flower water
‫ زﻫﺮة‬zahra (n. un.) pl. āt flower, blossom; splendor, beauty
‫ زﻫﺮة‬zuhra brilliancy, light, brightness; beauty |‫ زﻫﺮة اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ‬bluing
‫ اﻟﺰﻫﺮة‬az-zuhara the planet Venus
‫ زﻫﺮى‬zuharzi syphilis |‫ اﻣﺮاض زﻫﺮﻳﺔ‬venereal diseases
‫ زﻫﺮ‬zuhrīya pl. -āt flower vase
Confidential
‫ زﻫﺎر‬zahhār, florist
‫ زﻫﺮاوى‬zahrāwī gay, merry, cheerful (person)
‫ ازﻫـﺮ‬azhar2 shining, luminous, radiant, brilliant; bright; -- (elative) more
radiant |‫ اﻷزﻫـﺮان‬sun and moon; ‫اﻷزﻫـﺮ‬ ‫ ﺟـﺎﻣﻊ‬and ‫ اﳉـﺎﻣﻊ اﻷزﻫـﺮ‬Al Azhar Mosque
and University in Cairo
‫ ازﻫﺮى‬azharī of or pertaining to Al Azhar; (pl. -ūn) Azhar student
‫ ﻣﺰﻫـﺮ‬mizhar pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاﻫـﺮ‬mazāhir2 ancient Arabic variety of the lute; (now
pronounced mazhar) a kind of tambourine (eg.)
‫ ﻣﺰﻫﺮﻳﺔ‬mazharīya flowerpot
‫ ﺗﺰﻫﲑ‬tazhīr bloom, florescence
‫ ازﻫﺎر‬izhār florescence
‫ ازدﻫﺎر‬izdihār flourishing, florescence, bloom, heyday
‫ زاﻫﺮ‬zāhir shining, luminous, radiant, brilliant; bright
‫ ﻣﺰﻫﺮ‬muzhir blooming, in bloom; shining, luminous, bright
‫ زﻫﻒ‬zahafa a (‫ زﻫﻮف‬zuhūf): ‫ زﻫﻒ اﱃ اﳌـﻮت‬to be on the verge of death VIII
‫ ازدﻫﻒ اﱃ اﳌﻮت‬do.
644
‫ زﻫـﻖ‬zahaqa a (zahq, ‫ زﻫـﻮق‬zuhūq) to die, pass away, run out, come to

nothing; ‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬‫( زﻫﻘـﺖ‬nafsuhū) and ‫( زﻫﻘـﺖ روﺣـﻪ‬rūḥuhū) to give up the ghost,
die; to weary, become tired (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.), be disgusted (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with s.th.) IV to
bring about the ruin or downfall of s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to destroy, annihilate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
(‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ اﻟﺮوح( ازﻫﻖ‬to be disgusting, be revolting
‫ زﻫﻮق‬zuhūq dying, passing, bound to vanish
‫ زﻫﻢ‬zuhm offensive smell
‫ زﻫﻢ‬zahm malodorous, fetid
‫ زﳘﺔ‬zuhma offensive smell
‫ زﻫﻮﻣﺔ‬zuhūma offensive smell
‫ )زﻫـﺎ )زﻫـﻮ‬zahā u (zahw) to blossom, flower, be in bloom; to grow, thrive;
to shine brightly, be radiant, glow, gleam; to give o.s. airs, be haughty,
conceited; to pride o.s. (‫ ب‬upon, both in a favorable and a pejorative sense);
pass. ‫ زﻫـﻰ‬zuhiya to be proud, conceited (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s. (‫ ب‬on), boast (‫ب‬
Confidential
of), vaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.) IV to blossom, flower, be in bloom; to grow, thrive; to
give o.s. airs, be conceited, be boastful VIII ‫ ازدﻫﻰ‬izdahā and pass. uzduhiya
to be self-satisfied, complacent, conceited, proud; izdahā to shine (‫ ب‬at, in
s.th.), have (‫ ب‬an accomplishment) to show; to boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), vaunt (‫ب‬
s.th.)
‫ زﻫــﻮ‬zahw and zuhuw bloom, florescence; splendor; beauty; pride;
haughtiness, arrogance; vanity, a vain or futile thing or things; fun, play,
amusement
‫ زﻫﻰ‬zahīy brilliant, splendid, magnificent, gorgeous, sumptuous
‫ زﻫﺎء‬zahā’ radiance, brilliancy, splendor
‫ زﻫـﺎء‬zuhā’ number, amount; zuhā’a roughly, about, some (with foll.
figure)
‫ ازﻫﻰ‬azhā more flourishing; prouder, more conceited
‫ ازدﻫـﺎء‬izdihā’ bloom, florescence, flourishing; heyday; shining; glittering,
splendor, radiance; pride (both in a favorable and a pejorative sense)
‫ زاﻩ‬zāhin shining, brilliant, radiant, resplendent; glowing; splendid,
gorgeous, magnificent, gaudy, beautiful
645
‫ ﻣﺰﻫـﻮ‬mazhūw proud (‫ ب‬of); haughty, supercilious, vainglorious; cocky,

overbearing
‫ زوﺑﻌﺔ‬see ‫زﺑﻊ‬
2‫ زوج‬II to pair, couple (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with), join in pairs or couples (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to double, geminate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to employ parallelism (rhet.); to marry
off, give in marriage (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫـﺎ‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬a girl to s.o.) III to form a pair or couple;
to use in parallel construction, join in a pair (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬two words, rhet.); to marry,
join in wedlock, unite in matrimony (‫ و‬-- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬s.o. with) V to get married
(‫ه‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ب‬,‫ ﻣﻦ‬with), marry (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ب‬,‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.) VI to intermarry; to pair,
come together forming a pair, be in pairs, be double VIII ‫ ازدوج‬izdawaja to
pair, he in pairs, be double, appear twice
‫ زوﺟـﺔ‬zauja pl. ‫ ازواج‬azwāj one of a pair; husband; wife; mate, partner;
couple, pair (also, e.g., of shoes); dual ‫ زوﺟﺎن‬couple
‫ زوﺟﺔ‬zauja pl. -āt wife
Confidential
‫ زﳚﺔ‬zīja marriage, wedding
‫ زوﺟــﻲ‬zaujī in pairs, paired; double; marital, matrimonial, conjugal;
doubles (tennis)
‫ زﳚﻲ‬zījī marital, matrimonial, conjugal, connubial
‫ زوﺟﻴﺔ‬zaujīya pl. -āt matrimony, marriage
‫ زواج‬zawāj marriage (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with); wedding; matrimony, wedlock |‫وﺣـﺪة اﻟـﺰواج‬
wahdat az-z. monogamy
‫ ﻣﺰاوج‬mizwāj frequently marrying
‫ ﺗﺰوﻳﺞ‬tazwīj marrying off (of a woman, ‫ ﻣﻦ‬to)
‫ زواج‬zawāj doubling, duplication; parallelism (rhet.)
‫ ﻣﺰاوﺟﺔ‬muzāwaja pairing, coupling, close union (of two things)
‫ ﺗﺰوج‬tazawwuj marriage
‫ ﺗﺰاوج‬tazāwuj intermarriage
‫ ازدواج‬izdiwāj pairedness doubleness; O coupling (el.) |‫( ازدواج ﺿـﺮﻳﱯ‬ḍarībī)
double taxation
‫ ﻣﺘﺰوج‬mutazawwij married
‫ ﻣﺰدوج‬muzdawij double, twofold, two- (e.g., of a railroad: two-track)
646
2‫ زاج‬look up alphabetically
‫ )زاح )زوح‬zāḥa u = (‫ زﻳﺢ( زاح‬zāḥa i

‫ زود‬II to supply with provisions (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o.), provision (‫ﻫ ـ ب‬, s.o. with); to
provide, supply, equip (‫ه‬ ,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to endow (‫ ه ب‬s.o. with);
to enrich (‫ب‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th. with) IV to supply with provisions (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be
supplied (with provisions); to take along provisions (on a journey); to learn
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬from s.o.); to provide o.s., supply o.s equip o.s. (‫ ب‬with)
‫ زاد‬zād pl. ‫ ازواد‬azwād, ‫ ازودة‬azwida provisions, supplies, stores
‫ زواد‬zawād provisions
‫ زوادة‬zuwwāda provisions
‫ ﻣﺰود‬mizwad pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاود‬mazāwid2, ‫ ﻣﺰاﺋﺪ‬mazāid2 provision bag, haversack
‫ ﻣﺰادة‬mazāda provision bag, haversack
‫ ﺗﺰوﻳـﺪ‬tazwīd supply, purveyance (‫ ب‬of). provision, equipment (‫ ب‬with);
manning (of ships)
‫ زاﺋﺪة‬pl. ‫ زواﺋﺪ‬see ‫زﻳﺪ‬
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺰود‬muzawwid pl. -ūn contractor, supplier, furnisher, purveyor, victualer,
caterer
‫ ﻣـﺰود‬muzawwad provided, supplied, furnished (‫ ب‬with); equipped (‫ب‬
with); armed (‫ ب‬with guns) ; conneoted (‫ ب‬with), attended, accompanied
(‫ ب‬by)
‫ )زار )زور‬zāra u (zaur, ‫ ز رة‬ziyāra) to visit (‫ ه‬s.o.), call (‫ ه‬on s.o.), pay a
visit (‫ ه‬to); to afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to forge, falsify, counterfeit (‫ ه‬s.th.); to fake,
simulate VI to exchange visits IX to turn aside, turn away, dissociate o.s.
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to be averse (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to s.th.); ‫ ازور ﺑـﻪ‬to turn s.o. away, alienate s.o.
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬from) X to desire s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬visit
‫ زور‬zaur upper part of the chest; throat |‫ آﻻم اﻟﺰور‬sore throat
‫ زور‬zūr lie, untruth; falsehood |‫ ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟﺰور‬šahādat az-z. false testimony
‫ زور‬zūr force | ‫ ﻟﺰور‬by force, forcibly
‫ زور‬zawar inclination, obliqueness, slant; crookedness; falseness; perfidy,
insidiousness; squint
647
‫ زورة‬zaura (n. vic.) pl. -āt visit, call

‫ ز رة‬ziyāra pl. -āt visit; call (social, of a doctor)
‫ ازور‬azwar2, f. ‫ زوراء‬zaurā’2, pl. ‫ زور‬zūr inclined, slanting, oblique;
crooked, curved; squint-eyed, cross-eyed
‫ ﻣﺰار‬mazār pl. -āt place which one visits; shrine, sanctuary
‫ ﺗﺰوﻳـﺮ‬tazwīr forgery, falsification |‫( ﺗﺰوﻳـﺮ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﻨﺪات‬sanadāt) falsification of
documents
‫ ازورار‬izwirār turning away; averseness, aversion, dislike, distaste
‫ زاﺋـﺮ‬zā’ir pl. -ūn, ‫ زوار‬zuwwār, f. ‫ زاﺋـﺮة‬zā’ira pl. -āt, ‫ زور‬zuwwar visitor,
caller, guest
‫ ﻣﺰور‬mazūr visited
‫ ﻣﺰور‬muzawwar forged, false, counterfeit; obtained by swindle, faked
‫ زورق‬zauraq pl. ‫ زوارق‬zawāriq2 boat, rowboat, skiff |‫( زورق ﲞـﺎري‬bukhārī)
steam launch; ‫ زورق اﻟﺼــﻴﺪ‬z. aṣ-ṣaid fishing boat; ‫ زورق اﻟﻨﺠــﺎة‬z. an-najāh
lifeboat; O ‫ زورق ﺻﻒ‬torpedo boat
Confidential
1‫ )زاغ )زوغ‬zāga u (zaug, ‫ زوﻏـﺎن‬zawagān) to turn aside, depart, deviate (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from), swerve; to deviate from truth, to swindle; see also

aside, swerve
2‫ زاغ‬look up alphabetically
‫زﻳـﻎ‬ VI to turn
‫ زوﻓﺎء‬zūfā’, ‫ زوﰱ‬zūfā hyssop (bot.)

1‫ زوق‬II to adorn, embellish, ornament, decorate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to picture,
visualize (‫ ﻫـ‬a story, in one’s imagination)

‫ زواق‬zawāq embellishment, adornment, ornamentation; decoration; finery,
attire; face painting, make-up, cosmetics
‫ ﻣـﺰوق‬muzawwaq adorned, embellished, ornamented, decorated; florid,
flowery (speech); dressed up, meretricious, showy, gaudy
2‫زاؤوق‬,‫ زاووق‬look up alphabetically
‫ )زول‬and ‫ زال )زﻳـﻞ‬zāla (1st pers. perf. zultu) u (‫ زوال‬zawāl) to go away,
withdraw (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ from), abandon, leave (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.o. or s.th.); to
disappear, vanish; to abate, calm down, die down, come to an end; to go
down, set; -- (1st pers. perf. ziltu) a (zail) to cease (with negations only) |of
‫ زال ﻣﻨﻪ اﻟﻐﻀﺐ‬:‫( زول‬gaḍab) his wrath abated; ‫ زال ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬to cease to exist; --
648
of ‫زﻳـﻞ‬: with neg. ‫ﻳـﺰل‬ ‫ ﱂ‬,‫ﻣـﺎ زال‬ (yazal), ‫ﻳـﺰال‬

‫ ﻻ‬equivalent to Engl. “still, yet”:
‫( ﻣﺎ زﻟﺖ اﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬af‘aluhū) I have not ceased to do it, I (am) still do(ing) it; ‫ﻣﺎ زال‬
‫ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎ‬he is still standing, ‫ ﻣﺎ زال ﰲ‬he has not ceased to be or to remain in, he is
still in; ‫اﻟﻴـﻪ‬‫ ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﰲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬he is still in need of it, he still needs it; ‫ﻻ ﻳـﺰال ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( ذﻛـﺮ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬dikrin) he still remembers him II ‫ زول‬zawwala to remove, eliminate
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), -- ‫ زﻳـﻞ‬zayyala to separate, break up, disperse, scatter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III
‫ زاول‬zāwala to pursue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), devote o.s. apply o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); -- ‫ زاﻳـﻞ‬zāyala to
separate, part (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬from), leave, quit, abandon (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to separate
(‫ ﺑـﲔ‬s.th.) |‫ زاﻳـﻞ اﻟـﺪار‬to move out of the house, leave the house IV to cause
to cease or stop, make disappear or vanish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), to remove, eliminate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), put an end (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), do away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.), make a clean sweep (‫ﻫ ـ‬
of s.th.) VI ‫ ﺗﺰاﻳـﻞ‬tazāyala to be disjointed, incoherent; to pass away, cease,
stop
‫ زول‬zaul pl. ‫ ازوال‬azwāl person, body, figure, nightly apparition, specter,
Confidential
ghost, phantom, spirit
‫ زوال‬zawāl end, passage, extinction, disappearance, vanishing, cessation;
setting (of the sun); noon |‫اﻟـﺰوال‬ ‫ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ‬ ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting,
‫ اﻟـﺰوال‬in the afternoon; ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟـﺰوال‬around noon, by noon; ‫ ﺧـﻂ اﻟـﺰوال‬kaṯṭ az-z.
‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
meridian
‫ زواﱄ‬zawālī: ‫ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻌـﺔ زواﻟﻴـﺔ‬atfour o’clock in the afternoon, at four
p.m.
‫ زوﻟﻴﺔ‬zūlīya pl. ‫ زواﱄ‬zawālī (ir., saud.) knotted rug
‫ ﻣﺰوﻟﺔ‬mizwala pl. ‫ ﻣﺰاول‬mazāwil2 sundial
‫ ﻣﺰاوﻟــﺔ‬muzāwala pursuit (of s.th.), application (to); assiduous study;
practice (of some work, of a profession)
‫ ازاﻟﺔ‬izāla removal, elimination
‫ زاﺋﻞ‬zā’il transitory, passing, evanescent, fleeting, ephemeral, short-lived
‫ زوﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬zōlōjiyā zoology
‫ زوﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬zōlōjī zoologic(al)
‫ )زام )زوم‬zāma u (eg.) to growl, snarl (dog) II to mumble, mutter
649
‫ زوم‬zūm pl. ‫ ازوام‬azwām juice, sap

1‫زاﻧﺔ‬,‫ زان‬look up alphabetically
2‫ زوان‬ziwān, zuwān = ‫( زؤان‬q.v.)
‫ زوى‬zawā i to contract, wrinkle, knit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., the eyebrows), to

remove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hide, conceal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |‫ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬ ‫زوى ﻣـﺎ ﺑـﲔ‬ (‘ainaihi) he
knitted his eye-brows, he frowned (in anger, and the like) II and V to
withdraw into a corner, go into seclusion, retire VII do., to keep to o.s., live
in seclusion or retirement |‫ﺟﻠـﺪﻩ‬ ‫( اﻧـﺰوى ﰲ‬jildihī) to crawl inside o.s. (out of
shame, and the like)
‫ اﻧﺰواء‬inziwā’ retirement, seclusion, isolation
‫ زاوﻳـﺔ‬zāwiya pl. ‫ زوا‬zawāyā corner, nook; angle (math.); a small mosque,
prayer room; (North Afr.) small cupolaed mosque erected over the tomb of a
Muslim saint, with teaching facilities and a hospice attached to it, usually
the establishment of a religious order |‫اﳊـﺎدة‬ ‫( اﻟﺰاوﻳـﺔ‬ḥādda) acute angle, ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳـﺔ‬
‫ اﳋﺎرﺟـﺔ‬external angle, ‫ ﻣﺘﺴـﺎوى اﻟـﺰوا‬mutasāwī az-z. equiangular, ‫اﻟﺰاوﻳـﺔ اﳌﻨﻔﺮﺟـﺔ‬
(munfarija) obtuse angle, ‫ اﻟﺰاوﻳــﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤـﺔ‬right angle, ‫ ﺣﺠـﺮ اﻟﺰاوﻳــﺔ‬ḥajar az-z.
Confidential
cornerstone; ‫( ﻣﻦ زوا ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬muktalifa) from different angles (i.e., aspects)
‫ ﻣﻨـﺰو‬munzawin seclusive, secluding; retired, secluded, outlying, remote,
out-of-the-way, obscure
‫ زي‬II ‫ ز‬,‫ زﱙ‬zayyā to dress, clothe, costume (‫ ه ب‬s.o. in) V ‫ ﺗـﺰ‬,‫ﺗـﺰﱙ‬
tazayyā to dress, put on a dress or costume; to dress up, smarten o.s. up, to
be dressed, be clad (‫ ب‬in), wear (‫ ب‬th.)
‫ زي‬ziyy pl. ‫ از ء‬azyā’ clothing, dress, apparel, attire; O uniform; outward
appearance, make-up; costume; style of dress, manner of dressing; fashion;
exterior, guise, form, shape |‫اﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰي‬fashionable, modish, stylish
‫ زﻳﺒﻖ‬zībaq (= ‫ زﺋﺒﻖ‬zi‘baq) quicksilver, mercury
‫ زﻳﺖ‬II to oil, lubricate, grease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a machine, and the like); to add oil (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to
some food)
‫ زﻳـﺖ‬zait pl. ‫ زﻳـﻮت‬zuyūt oil (edible, fuel, motor oil, etc.) |‫( زﻳـﺖ ﺣـﺎر‬ḥārr)
linseed oil; ‫ﺣﻠﻮ‬ ‫( زﻳﺖ‬ḥulw) sweet oil, oil free of hydrogen sulfide; ‫زﻳﺖ اﳊﻮت‬
z. al-ḥūt cod-liver oil; ‫ زﻳـﺖ اﳋـﺮوع‬z. al-kirwa‘ castor oil; ‫ زﻳـﺖ اﻟﺴـﻤﻚ‬z. as-
650
samak cod-liver oil; ‫اﻟﺘﺸـﺤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ زﻳـﺖ‬lubricating oil; ‫ زﻳـﺖ اﻻﺳﺘﺼـﺒﺎح‬fuel oil; ‫زﻳـﺖ‬
‫ اﻟﻐﺎز‬z. al-gāz kerosene
‫ زﻳـﱵ‬zaitī oily, oil (adj.), oil-bearing |‫ ﺻـﻮرة زﻳﺘﻴـﺔ‬or ‫( ﻟﻮﺣـﺔ زﻳﺘﻴـﺔ‬ṣūra, lauḥa) oil
painting
‫ ز ت‬zayyāt oil dealer, oilman
‫ زﻳﺘـﻮن‬zaitūn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬olive tree; olive(s) |‫ اﺣـﺪ اﻟﺰﻳﺘـﻮن‬aḥad az-z. Palm
Sunday (Chr.); ‫ازﻳﺘﻮن‬ ‫ ﺟﺒﻞ‬jabal az-z. Mount of Olives (Jerusalem)
‫ زﻳﺘﻮﻧـﺔ‬zaitūna (n. un.) pl. -āt olive tree; olive |‫ ﺟـﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧـﺔ‬the Zaitouna
Mosque (large mosque and university in Tunis)
‫ زﻳﺘـﻮﱐ‬zaitūnī olivaceous, olive-colored, olive-green; (pl. -ūn) student of
the Great Mosque of Tunis
‫ زﻳﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬zaitūnīya, ‫ اﺣﺪ اﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬aḥad az-az. Palm Sunday (Cop.-Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺰﻳﺘﺔ‬mazyata oil can, oiler
‫ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ‬muzayyat oiled
1‫ زﻳﺞ‬zīj leveling line (used by masons); ephemeris, astronomical almanac
Confidential
2‫ زﳚﺔ‬zīja and ‫ زﳚﻲ‬zījī see ‫زوج‬
‫ )زاح )زﻳـﺢ‬zāḥa i (zaiḥ, zuyūḥ, ‫ زﳛـﺎن‬zayaḥān) to go away, depart, leave IV

to remove, drive away, banish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), do away with (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to take away (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to pull away, throw back (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a curtain, a veil, etc., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.th.) | ‫ازاح‬
‫اﻟﻠﺜـﺎم ﻋــﻦ‬ to reveal, disclose s.th.; ‫ازاح اﻟﺴـﺘﺎر ﻋــﻦ ﲤﺜــﺎل‬ (timtāl) to unveil a
monument VII to go away, depart, leave; to be pulled away, be thrown back
(curtain)
‫ زﻳﺢ‬zīh pl. ‫ از ح‬azyāḥ (straight) line
‫ ز ح‬zayyāḥ pl. -āt religious procession
‫ ازاﺣﺔ‬izāḥa removal, abolition |‫ ازاﺣﺔ اﻟﺴﺘﺎر‬unveiling (of a monument)
‫)زاد )زﻳـﺪ‬ zāda i (‫دة‬ ‫ز‬ ziyāda) to become greater, become more, grow,
increase, be compounded, multiply; to be greater, be more, amount to more
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬than), exceed (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th., an amount, ‫ ب‬by), go beyond an
amount or number (‫ ;)ﻋﻠﻰ‬to augment, increase, compound (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), make (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) grow or increase; to step up, raise (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); to add
(‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th. to); to add, make additions (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), enlarge (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to
651
extend, expand, further, advance, promote, intensify (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to give

more (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. of s.th.) |‫ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬it is no more than ... , it is only .. ; ‫زاد‬
‫ ﻗﺎﺋﻼ‬he added (in speech followed by quotation); ‫( زد ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬zid) (prop.: add
to it that ...) in addition to that there is ..., what’s more, there is ...;
furthermore, moreover; ‫‘( زادﻩ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎ‬ilman) to tell s.o. more about it, supply
s.o. with more information II to increase, augment, compound, make grow
m to make a higher bid (‫ ه‬than s.o.), outbid (‫ ه‬s.o.; at an auction) V to
increase; to nee, go up (prices); to make additions, add embellishments of
one’s own, exaggerate (in telling s.th.); to be long-winded, verbose | ‫ﺗﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ﻣــﻦ اﳌﻌﺮﻓــﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬ (‘ilm, ma‘rifa) to acquire additional knowledge, increase
one’s knowledge VI to outbid one another; to increase gradually, be
growing; to become more intense, intensify; to become more and more,
exceed more and more (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ ازداد‬izdāda to grow, be growing,
increase, be compounded, multiply |‫( ازداد ﺑﻜـﺎء‬bukā’an) he wept more and
more X to demand more, ask for more, go up with one’s demands; to try to
achieve more; to aim or work at an increase, expansion or extension (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of);
Confidential
to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to give more of s.th.
‫ اﻟﺰﻳﺪﻳـﺔ‬az-zaidīya a Shiitic group forming an independent commonwealth
(Yemen)
‫ اﻟﺰﻳﻮد‬az-zuyūd the Zaidites, adherents of the Zaidiya sect
‫ ز دة‬ziyāda increase, increment, accretion, growth; surplus, overplus,
excess; increase, augmentation, raising, stepping up; enhancement,
elevation, intensification; extra pay, allowance (in addition to the salary);
addition; ‫ز دة‬ ziyādatan in addition, additionally |‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ز دة‬ (ziyādatan) over
and above, beyond, in excess of; regardless of; aside from; ‫ﲢﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﲪﻠﻪ ز دة ﻋﻦ‬
ḥammalahū z. ‘an taḥammulihi he loaded him with more than he could
carry; ‫( ز دة ﻋﻠــﻰ ذﻟـﻚ‬ziyādatan) moreover, besides; ‫ ز دة اﳌﻮاﻟﻴــﺪ‬excess of
births; ‫( ﻟـﺰ دة اﻹﻳﻀـﺎح‬īḍāḥ) in order to make it even clearer, for further
elucidation
‫ ازﻳﺪ‬azyad2 more excessive, higher, greater, bigger
‫ ﻣﺰاد‬mazād pl. -āt auction, public sale
‫ ﻣﺰﻳـﺪ‬mazīd an exceeding (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.); excess, superabundance; high
degree, large extent; utmost, maximum; (with foll. genit.) excessive,
extreme, utmost, highest, greatest, superlative; pass. partic. of I: increased,
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etc.; the derivative stems of the verb (gram.) |‫اﻟﺸـﻜﺮ‬ ‫ ﲟﺰﻳـﺪ‬bi-m. iš-šukr with
many, many thanks; ‫ ﲟﺰﻳـﺪ اﻷﺳـﻒ‬bi-m. il-asaf with the greatest regret; ‫ﲟﺰﻳـﺪ‬
‫ اﻻرﺗﻴﺎح‬with extreme satisfaction; ‫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ‬it is unsurpassable, it’s not to
be outdone
‫ ﻣﺰاﻳﺪة‬muzāyada pl. -āt auction, public sale
‫ ﺗﺰﻳـﺪ‬tazayyud exaggeration (in reporting), one’s own embellishments or
additions, fables, yarn
‫ ﺗﺰاﻳﺪ‬tazāyud (gradual) increase, increment, growth
‫ ازد د‬izdiyād increase, growth, rise, intensification
‫ اﺳـﺘﺰادة‬istizāda a striving for more; pursuit of an increase, expansion or
extension; desire or request for more |‫ﳌﺴــﺘﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ ﻳﺒــﻖ اﺳــﺘﺰادة‬ (yabqa, li-
mustazīdin) there is nothing to be added, nothing more need be said about it
‫ زاﺋـﺪ‬zā’id increasing, growing; excessive, immoderate; exceeding (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.th.), in excess (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of); additional, extra, supernumerary |‫اﳊﺎﺟـﺔ‬ ‫زاﺋـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
more than necessary, surplus
‫ زاﺋـﺪة‬zā’ida pl. ‫ زواﺋـﺪ‬zawā’id2 appendage, appendix (anat., zool., bot.);
Confidential
outgrowth (med.) |‫ﻣﻌﻮﻳـﺔ‬
appendix (anat.)
‫( زاﺋـﺪة‬mi‘awīya) and ‫( زاﺋـﺪة دودﻳـﺔ‬dūdīya) vermiform
‫ ﻣﺰاﻳﺪ‬muzāyid pl. -ūn bidder, outbidder (at an auction)

‫ ﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪ‬mutazāyid steadily increasing, swelling
1‫ زﻳﺮ‬II (mor.) to close (‫ ﻫـ‬a button)
2‫ زﻳﺮ‬zīr pl. ‫ر‬ ‫ از‬azyār, ‫ ز ر‬ziyār (eg., magr.) large, almost conical jar, made
of porous clay, for storing water
3‫ زﻳﺮ‬zīr the highest string of stringed instruments (mus.)
‫ زﻳﺰ‬zīz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ زﻳﺰان‬zīzān cicada; chrysalis

‫ زﻳﺰﻓﻮن‬zaizafūn jujube (Zizyphus; bot.); linden tree
1‫)زﻳـﻎ‬ ‫ )زاغ‬zāga i (zaig, ‫ زﻳﻐـﺎن‬zayagān) to turn aside; to depart, deviate (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from); to swerve; to turn away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), turn one’s back (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬on); to
wander, stray, roam (eyes) IV to cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to deviate |‫ﺑﺼـﺮﻩ‬ ‫ازاغ ﻋـﲏ‬
(baṣarahū) he looked past me, he snubbed me
653
‫ زﻳـﻎ‬zaig and ‫ زﻳﻐـﺎن‬zayagān a turning aside; deviation, departure (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from)

|‫وﺳﺪاد‬ ‫( زﻳﻎ‬sadād) erring and doing right, wrong and right
‫ زاﺋـﻎ‬zāig deviating, divergent; false, wrong, distorted, perverted | ‫ﻧﻈـﺮات‬
‫( زاﺋﻐﺔ‬nazarāt) wandering glances
2‫ زاغ‬look up alphabetically
‫ )زاف )زﻳﻒ‬zāfa i (zaif) to be false, be spurious II to counterfeit (‫ ﻫـ‬money);

to declare (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) to be false or spurious
‫ زﻳــﻒ‬zaif falseness; pride; (pl. ‫ زﻳــﻮف‬zuyūf) false, spurious, forged,
counterfeit
‫ ازﻳﻒ‬azyaf2 falser, more spurious
‫ ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻒ‬tazyīf falsification, forgery, counterfeiting
‫ زاﺋﻒ‬zā’if false; forged, counterfeit, spurious |‫ اﺧﺒﺎر زاﺋﻔـﺔ‬false reports; ‫ﻧﻘـﻮد‬
‫ زاﺋﻔﺔ‬counterfeit money
‫ ﻣﺰﻳﻒ‬muzayyif forger, counterfeiter
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺰﻳﻒ‬muzayyaf forged; counterfeit, false, spurious; pseudo-
1‫ زﻳﻖ‬II (eg.) to creak, screech
2‫ زﻳﻖ‬zīq pl. ‫ق‬ ‫ از‬azyāq collar, neckband; border, hem (of a garment)
‫ )زال )زﻳﻞ‬and II, III, VI see ‫زول‬
1‫)زﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ )زان‬zāna i (zain) to decorate, adorn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to adorn, decorate,
embellish, ornament (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to grace (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.);to shave (‫ ه‬s.o.);
‫( زﻳﻨـﺖ ﻧﻔﺴـﻬﺎ‬nafsahā) to make herself up (lady); to paint in glowing tones,
present in a favorable light, extol (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.); to conjure up (‫ه‬
s.th., ‫ ل‬before s.o.’s eyes), create visions (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th., ‫ ل‬in s.o.’s mind), lead
s.o. (‫ )ل‬to believe (‫ ان‬that); to give (‫ ل‬s.o.) the idea (‫ ان‬to do s.th.), suggest
(‫ ل ان‬to s.o. to do s.th.) V to be decorated, be adorned; to dress up, smarten
o.s. up, spruce up, preen o.s.; to shave, get a shave VIII ‫ ازدان‬izdāna to be
decorated, be adorned; to be graced
‫ زﻳﻦ‬zain beauty; beautiful, nice, pretty
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‫ زﻳﻨـﺔ‬zīna pl. -āt embellishment, adornment, ornament, decoration; cloth.,

attire, finery; toilette |‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ زﻳﻨﺔ‬z. al-wajh make-up; ‫ ﺑﻴﺖ اﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ‬bait az-z. beauty
shop; ‫ اﺷــﺠﺎر اﻟﺰﻳﻨــﺔ‬ornamental tress; ‫ ﻧﺒــﺎ ت اﻟﺰﻳﻨــﺔ‬nabātāt az-z. ornamental
plants; ‫ ﺧـﻮان اﻟﺰﻳﻨـﺔ‬kuwān az-z. dressing table; ‫ ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ اﻟﺰﻳﻨـﺔ‬gurfat az-z. dressing
room
‫ ز ن‬zayyān beautiful
‫ ز ن‬ziyān embellishment, adornment, decoration; ornament
‫ ز ﻧﺔ‬ziyāna barber’s or hairdresser’s trade
‫ ﺗـﺰﻳﲔ‬tazyīn adorning, decoration, ornamentation; make-believe, sham,
pretense
‫ ﻣﺰﻳﻦ‬muzayyin barber, hairdresser
‫ ﻣـﺰﻳﻦ‬muzayyin decorated, ornamented, adorned (‫ ب‬with); graced (‫ب‬
with)
‫ ﻣﺰدان‬muzdān decorated, ornamented, adorned (‫ ب‬with); graced (‫ ب‬with)
2‫ زان‬look up alphabetically
Confidential
‫ زﻳﻨﻜﻮ‬zinkō zinc
655
‫س‬
‫ ﺳـ‬sa shortened form of ‫ ﺳﻮف‬saufa (q.v.)
‫ ﺳﺎ ن‬sātān satin
‫ ﺳﺎج‬sāj pl. ‫ ﺳﻴﺠﺎن‬sījān teak, Indian oak
‫ ﺳﺎﺟﺎت‬sījān castanets
‫ ﺳـﺎدة‬sāda simple; plain, unicolored, uniform (fabric) |‫( ﻗﻬـﻮة ﺳـﺎدة‬qahwa)
unsweetened coffee
‫ ﺳﺆدد‬see 2‫ﺳﻮد‬
‫ ﺳﺌﺮ‬sa’ira a to remain, be left
‫ ﺳﺆر‬su’r pl. ‫ اﺳـﺂر‬as’ār rest, remainder, remnant, leftover (esp. of food and
beverages)
‫ ﺳﺆرة‬su’ra rest, remainder, remnant, leftover (esp. of food and beverages);
vestige of youthful vigor
‫ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ‬sā’ir remaining; rest, remainder; (with foll. det. genit.) all
‫ اﻟﺴﺎﺳـﺎﻧﻴﻮن‬as-sāsānīyūn the Sassanidae, a dynasty of Persian kings (226-
Confidential
651 A.D.)
‫ ﺳﺎﻏﻮ‬sāgō sago
‫ ﺳﺎﻛﻮ‬sākō, ‫ ﺳﺎﻛﻮﻩ‬sack coat, lounge jacket
‫ ﺳﺄل‬sa’ala a (‫ ﺳـﺆال‬su’āl, ‫ ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ‬mas’ala, ‫ ﺗﺴـﺂل‬tas’āl) to ask (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o.
s.th. or about s.th.); to inquire (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.o. about); to ask (‫ ﻫـ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. for
s.th.), request, demand, claim (‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ه‬from s.o. s.th.) ‫ ﺳـﺄﻟﻪ اﻻ‬sa’alahū illa
to implore, adjure s.o. that he ...; ‫ ﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ اﺧﺒﺎرﻩ‬to ask s.o. about s.o. else; ‫ﺳﺄﻟﻪ‬
‫رأﻳـﻪ‬ ‫ ﺳـﺄﻟﻪ ﺳـﺆاﻻ‬to ask s.o. a

(ra’yahā) to ask s.o.’s opinion, consult s.o.;
question; ‫( ﻳﺴـﺄل‬yus’alu) he is responsible, answerable (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for) III to ask,
question, interrogate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) to account IV ‫اﺳــﺄﻟﻪ ﺳـﺆﻟﻪ‬
(as’alahū) to fulfill s.o.’s wish, comply with s.o.’s request V tasa’’ala and
‫ ﺗﺴـﻮل‬tasawwala to beg VI to ask; to ask o.s.; to ask one another; ‫ﺗﺴـﺎءل ﻫـﻞ‬
‫ ))ﻋﻦ‬to ask o.s. whether (about); to inquire (‫ ﻋﻦ‬about)
‫ ﺳﺆل‬su’l demand, request, wish
‫ ﺳﺆﻟﺔ‬su’la demand, request, wish
656
‫ ﺳـﺆال‬su’āl pl. ‫ اﺳـﺌﻠﺔ‬as’ila question (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬about); request (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for); inquiry

(‫ ﻋﻦ‬about); demand, claim
‫ ﺳﺄال‬sa’’āl given to asking questions, inquisitive, curious
‫ ﺳﺆول‬sa’ūl given to asking questions, inquisitive, curious
‫ )ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ )ﻣﺴـﺌﻠﺔ‬mas’ala pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ‬masā’il2 question; issue, problem; matter,
affair, case; request
‫ ﻣﺴﺎءﻟﺔ‬musā’ala questioning, interrogation
‫ ﺗﺴﻮل‬tasawwu1 begging, beggary
‫ ﺗﺴﺎؤل‬tasā’ul (self-directed) question; questioning
‫ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬sā’il pl. –ūn, ‫ ﺳﺆال‬su’āl, ‫ ﺳﺄﻟﺔ‬sa’ala questioner; petitioner; beggar
‫ ﻣﺴﺆول‬mas’ūl responsible, answerable, accountable (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for)
‫ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬mas’ūlīya pl. -āt responsibility (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for)
‫ ﻣﺘﺴﻮل‬mutasawwil pl. -ūn beggar
1‫ ﺳﺎم‬sām Shem (eldest son of Noah)
Confidential
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﻲ‬sāmī Semitic; (pl. -ūn) Semite
‫ اﻟﻼﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬al-lā-sāmīya anti-Semitism
2‫ ﺳﺌﻢ‬sa’ima a (‫ ﺳﺄم‬sa’m, ‫ ﺳﺂﻣﺔ‬sa’āma) to be weary, tired (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.),
be bored, fed up (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.); to dislike, detest, loathe (‫ ان‬doing s.th.),
have an aversion (‫ ان‬to doing s.th.) IV to cause or arouse weariness or
boredom (‫ ه‬in s.o.), weary, bore (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ ﺳﺌﻢ‬sa’im weary, tired, bored
‫ ﺳﺆوم‬sa’ūm disgusted, weary, fed up
‫ ﺳﺂﻣﺔ‬sa’āma weariness, disgust, boredam, ennui
‫ ﺳـﺐ‬sabba u (sabb) to insult, abuse, call names, revile (‫ ه‬s.o.), rail (‫ ه‬at);
to curse (‫ ه‬s.o.); to blaspheme, curse, swear II to cause, provoke, arouse,
produce, bring about, effect, occasion (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give occasion (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.) III
to exchange insults or abusive language (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o.) V to be caused, be
produced (‫ ﻋﻦ‬by), be the consequence or result (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of), follow, arise, spring,
result (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to be the reason or cause, be at the bottom (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬of), be
657
to blame (‫ ﰲ‬for), be instrumental (‫ ﰲ‬in); to seek reason or motives (‫ اﱃ‬for

s.th.); to account, give a reason or explanation (‫ اﱃ‬for), justify, motivate (‫اﱃ‬
s.th.); to use (‫ ب‬s.th.) as a means (‫ اﱃ‬for); to trade, be in the retail business
VI to insult each other, call one another names, rail at each other VIII = VI
‫ ﺳﺐ‬sabb abuse, vituperation, insults, cursing
‫ ﺳﺒﺔ‬sabba period of time, (long) while
‫ ﺳﺒﺔ‬sibba: ‫ ﺳﺒﺔ اﻵﻻم‬s. al-ālam Passion Week (Chr.)
‫ ﺳﺒﺔ‬subba disgrace, shame, dishonor
‫ ﺳـﺒﺐ‬sabab pl. ‫ اﺳـﺒﺎب‬asbāb rope, tent rope; means for obtaining s.th.;
reason, cause, motive, occasion (with fall. genit. or ‫ﰲ‬: of); means of
subsistence; (esp. pl.) relations (between people) |‫ ﺳـﺒﺐ اﻛـﱪ‬main reason;
‫ اﺳـﺒﺎب اﳊﻜـﻢ‬a. al-ḥukm opinion (jur.); ‫ اﺳـﺒﺎب اﻟﺮاﺣـﺔ‬luxury; ‫ ﺑﺴـﺒﺐ‬bi-sababi
because of, on account of, due to, by; ‫ ﺑﺴـﺒﺐ ذﻟـﻚ‬because of that, for that
reason, therefore; ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫( ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬sababa) to be the cause of s.th., be to blame
Confidential
for s.th.; ‫( ﻳﺮﺟﻊ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ اﱃ‬yarji‘u) the reason is to be found in ...; ‫اﺧـﺬ ﺳﺄﺳـﺒﺎب‬
‫( اﳊﻀــﺎرة اﳊﺪﻳﺜــﺔ‬ḥaḍāra) to adopt modern civilization; ‫وﺻــﻞ اﺳــﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﺳــﺒﺎﺑﻪ‬
(asbābahū) to join forces with s.o.;‫ ﺗﻘﻄﻌـﺖ اﻷﺳـﺒﺎب ﺑـﲔ‬relations between ...
are broken out, they no longer have anything in common; ‫ﺷـﺎﻃﺮﻩ أﺳـﺒﺎب اﳌﺴـﺮة‬
šāṭarahū asbāba al-masarra to share s.o.’s joy
‫ ﺳﺒﺒﻴﺔ‬sababīya causality
‫ ﺳﺒﺎب‬sabbāb abuser, vituperator, reviler
‫ ﺳﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬sabbāba index finger
‫ ﺳﺒﻴﺐ‬sabīb pl. ‫ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﺐ‬sabā’ib2 strand of hair
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﺔ‬masabba pl. -āt vilification, abuse, insult
‫ ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺐ‬tasbīb mediate causation (Isl. Law)
‫ ﺳﺒﺎب‬sibāb abuse, vituperation, revilement
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﺔ‬musābba abuse, vituperation, revilement
‫ ﻣﺴـﺒﺐ‬musabbib causer, originator, author; ‫ ﻣﺴـﺒﺒﺎت‬musabbibāt causative
factors
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﺐ‬musabbab caused (‫ ﻋﻦ‬by) | ‫(اﻟﺴﺒﺐ واﳌﺴﺒﺐ‬sabab) cause and effect
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‫ ﻣﺘﺴﺒﺐ‬mutasabbib causer; cause; retailer, small storekeeper

‫ ﺳﺒﺎ‬sabā and ‫ ﺳﺒﺄ‬saba’ Sheba | ‫ ذﻫﺒﻮا اﻳﺪي )ا دي( ﺳﺒﺎ‬d. aidiya (aydiya) sabā
they were scattered to the four winds
‫ ﺳﺒﺎﻧﺦ‬sabānak, sabānik spinach
‫ ﺳﺒﺎﻫﻰ‬see ‫ﺳﺒﺎﻳﺲ‬
‫ ﺳـﺒﺎﻳﺲ‬sabāyis and ‫ ﺳـﺒﺎﻫﻲ‬sibāhī spahis, Algerian native cavalry in the
French army
1‫ ﺳﺒﺖ‬sabata u to rest; to keep the Sabbath IV to enter on the Sabbath
‫ اﻟﺴـﺒﺖ‬as-sabt pl. ‫ اﻟﺴـﺒﻮت‬as-sabūt Sabbath, Saturday | ‫ﻳـﻮم اﻟﺴـﺒﺖ‬yaum as-s.

do.; ‫اﻟﻨﻮر‬ ‫ ﺳﺒﺖ‬s. an-nūr Holy Saturday (Chr.)
‫ ﺳﺒﺎت‬subāt lethargy; slumber, sleep
‫ ﺳ ــﺒﺎﰐ‬subātī lethargic |‫( اﻟﻼﻟﺘﻬ ــﺎب اﳌﺨ ــﻰ اﻟﺴ ــﺒﺎﰐ‬mukkī) encephalitis
lethargica, sleeping sickness (med.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﺖ‬musbit lethargic, inactive, motionless
2 ‫ﺳﺒﺖ‬sabat pl. -āt, ‫ اﺳﺒﺘﺔ‬asbita basket
Confidential
3‫ ﺳﺒﺖ‬sibitt dill (Anethum graveolens; bot.)
‫ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ‬sibtambir September
‫ ﺳﺒﺞ‬sabaj jet (min.)
‫ ﺳـﺒﺢ‬sabaḥa a (sabḥ, ‫ ﺳـﺒﺢ‬sibāḥa) to swim (‫ ب‬,‫ ﰲ‬in); to float (fig.); to
spread II to praise, glorify (‫ ﷲ‬allāha, li-llāhi God, by saying ‫ﺳـﺒﺤﺎن ﷲ‬
subḥāna llāh praise the Lord!); to praise, extol (‫ ب‬s.th.) |‫ﲝﻤﺪﻩ‬ ‫( ﺳﺒﺢ‬ḥamdihī)
to sing s.o.’s praise, glorify s.o.
‫ ﺳﺒﺤﺔ‬sabḥa (n. un.) a swim, swimming
‫ ﺳـﺒﺤﺔ‬sabḥa pl. ‫ ﺳـﺒﺤﺎت‬subuḥāt, ‫ ﺳـﺒﺢ‬subaḥ beads of the Muslim rosary;
Muslim rosary; supererogatory salat (Isl. Law)
‫ ﺳﺒﺤﺔ‬subḥa, sabḥa pl. ‫ ﺳﺒﺤﺎت‬subuḥāt, sabaḥāt majesty (of God) | ‫ﺳـﺒﺤﺎت‬
‫ وﺟـﻪ ﷲ‬subuḥātu wajhi llāh the sublimity, or the august splendor, or God’s
countenance; ‫رﻓﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫( ﺳﺒﺤﺎت‬sabaḥāt) lofty heights
‫ﺳـﺒﺤﺎن ﷲ‬ subḥāna llāh exclamation of surprise, etc. (prop.: praise the
Lord! God be praised!); ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ﺳﺒﺤﺎن ﷲ‬God is far above ..., God is beyond …
‫ ﺳﺒﺎح‬sabbāḥ swimmer
659
‫ ﺳـﺒﻮح‬sabūḥ a good swimmer; swift and smooth-running (lit.: floating; of

horses)
‫ ﺳﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬sibāḥa (art of) swimming
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﺢ‬masbaḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﺢ‬masābiḥ2 swimming pool
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﺤﺔ‬misbaḥa pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﺢ‬masābiḥ2 rosary
‫ ﺗﺴـﺒﻴﺢ‬tasbīḥ pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﺴـﺎﺑﻴﺢ‬tasābīḥ2 glorification of God (by exclaiming
‫)ﺳﺒﺤﺎن ﷲ‬
‫ ﺗﺴـﺒﻴﺤﺔ‬tasbīḥa pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﺴـﺎﺑﻴﺢ‬tasābīḥ2 glorification of God; hymn, song of
praise
‫ ﺗﺴﺒﺤﺔ‬tasbiḥa hymn, song of praise
‫ ﺳﺎﺑﺢ‬sābiḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺳﺒﺎح‬subbāḥ, ‫ ﺳﺒﺤﺎء‬subaḥā’2 swimmer; bather | ‫ﺳﺎﺑﺢ ﰲ‬
‫ اﻓﻜﺎرﻩ‬lost in thought
O ‫ ﺳﺎﲝﺔ‬sābiḥa glider, sailplane, cargo glider
‫ ﺳﺎﲝﺎت‬sābiḥāt and ‫ ﺳﻮاﺑﺢ‬sawābiḥ2 floating ones (epithet for race horses)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﺤﺔ‬musabbiḥa index finger
‫ ﺳﺒﺤﻠﺔ‬sabḥala glorification of God
‫ ﺳـﺒﺦ‬sabaka u (sabk) to be sound asleep II do.; to manure, fertilize (‫اﻷرض‬
al-arḍa the land)
‫ ﺳﺒﺦ‬sabak dung, manure, fertilizer |‫( ﺳﺒﺦ ﺑﻠﺪي‬baladī) manure
‫ ﺳﺒﺦ‬sabik briny (soil)
‫ ﺳﺒﺨﺔ‬sabaka, sabka pl. ‫ ﺳﺒﺎخ‬sibāk salt marsh, salt swamp | ‫ارض ﺳﺒﺦ‬do.
‫ ﺳـﺒﺎخ‬sibāk pl. ‫ اﺳـﺒﺨﺔ‬asbika dung, manure, fertilizer | ‫( ﺳـﺒﺎخ ﺑﻠـﺪي‬baladī)
manure
‫ ﺳﺒﻴﺦ‬sabīk pl. ‫ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﺦ‬sabā’ik2 loose (unspun) cotton
‫ ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺦ‬tasbīk deep, sound sleep; O coma, somnolence (med.)
‫ ﺳـﱪ‬sabara u i (sabr) to examine with a probe, to probe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a wound); to
measure, sound (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., the depth); to fathom, explore, examine (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) | ‫اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ ‫ﺳـﱪ اﻏـﻮار‬ to probe the depth of s.th., get to the bottom of s.th.,
study s.th. thoroughly
‫ ﺳﱪ‬sabr probing (of a wound); fathoming, exploration, examination
‫ ﺳﺒﺎر‬sibār pl. ‫ ﺳﱪ‬subūr probe (med.)
660
‫ ﺳﺒﻮرة‬sabūra slate; blackboard

‫ ﻣﺴﱪ‬misbar pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﺮ‬masābir2 probe (med.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﺎر‬misbār pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﲑ‬masābīr2 probe (med.)
‫ ﺳﺒﺲ‬sibs small wind instrument resembling the oboe (eg.)
‫ ﺳﺒﺴﺐ‬II tasabsaba to be lank (hair); to flow (tears)
‫ ﺳﺒﺴـﺐ‬sabsaba pl. ‫ ﺳﺒﺎﺳـﺐ‬sabāsib2 desert, wasteland | ‫( ﻗﻔـﺮ ﺳﺒﺴـﺐ‬qafr)
desert, wasteland, desolate region
‫ ﺳﺒﻂ‬sabuṭa u (‫ ﺳﺒﻮﻃﺔ‬subūṭa, ‫ ﺳﺒﺎﻃﺔ‬sabāṭa) to be lank (hair)
‫ ﺳـﺒﻂ‬sabiṭ, sabṭ, sabaṭ pl. ‫ ﺳـﺒﺎط‬sibāṭ lank (hair) |‫ ﺳـﺒﻂ اﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬sabṭ (sabiṭ) al-
yadain liberal, openhanded, generous; ‫ ﺳـﺒﻂ اﻟﻘﺎﻣـﺔ‬s. al-qāma shapely, well-
built, of graceful stature
‫ ﺳﺒﻂ‬sibṭ pl. ‫ اﺳﺒﺎط‬asbāṭ grandson; tribe (of the Israelites)
‫ ﺳﺒﺎط‬sabbāṭ pl. ‫ ﺳﺒﺎﺑﻴﻂ‬sabābīt shoe
‫ ﺳﺒﺎﻃﺔ‬subāṭa bunch, cluster (of fruit)
‫ ﺳﺎ ط‬sābāṭ pl. ‫ ﺳﻮاﺑﻂ‬sawābīṭ2 arcade, roofed lane or street; archway
Confidential
‫ ﺳﻴﺒﺎط‬sībāṭ and (eg.) ‫ ﺳﺒﺎط‬subāṭ arcade, roofed lane or street; archway
‫ ﺳﺒﻊ‬II to make sevenfold (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to divide into seven parts (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳﺒﻊ‬sab‘ pl. ‫ اﺳﺒﻊ‬asbu‘,‫ ﺳﺒﻮع‬subū‘, ‫ ﺳﺒﻮﻋﺔ‬subū‘a predatory animal, beast of
prey; lion
‫ ﺳﺒﻊ‬sabu‘ pl. ‫ ﺳﺒﺎع‬siba‘ predatory animal, beast of prey; lion
‫ ﺳـﺒﻌﺔ‬sab‘a (f. ‫ ﺳـﺒﻊ‬sab‘) seven; ‫ ﺳـﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸـﺮ‬sab‘ata ‘ašara (f. ‫ ﺳـﺒﻊ ﻋﺸـﺮة‬sab‘a
‘ašrata) seventeen
‫ ﺳﺒﻊ‬sub‘, subu‘ pl. ‫ اﺳﺒﺎع‬asbā‘ one-seventh
‫ ﺳـﺒﺎﻋﻲ‬subā‘ī consisting of seven parts; seven-lettered, consisting of seven
letters
‫ ﺳﺒﻌﻮن‬sab‘ūn seventy
‫ ﺳﺒﻌﻮﱐ‬sab‘ūnī septuagenarian
‫ اﻟﱰﲨﺔ اﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬at-tajyama as-sab‘īnīya the Septuagint
‫( اﻟﺴـﺒﻮﻋﺎت‬Hebr. šebū‘ōt) as-sabū‘āt Shabuoth, the Feast of Weeks, or
Pentecost, of the Jews
‫ اﺳﺒﻮع‬usbū‘ pl. ‫ اﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ‬asābī‘2 week |‫ اﺳﺒﻮع اﻵﻻم‬Passion Week (Chr.)
661
‫ اﺳﺒﻮﻋﻲ‬usbū‘ī weekly; ‫ اﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺎ‬weekly, by the week

‫ اﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬usbū‘īya weekly feature (radio)
‫ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬as-sābi‘ the seventh
‫ ﺳـﺒﻎ‬sabaga u a (‫ ﺳـﺒﻎ‬subūg) to be long and wide; to abound, be abundant
IV to make wide, widen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) complete; to bestow
amply (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.), shower (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.o. with); to lend, impart
liberally (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th. s.th.); to attribute, ascribe (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬qualities) |
‫ اﺳﺒﻎ اﻟﻮﺿﻮء‬to perform the ritual ablution properly (Isl. Law)
‫ ﺳــﺎﺑﻎ‬sābig pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮاﺑﻎ‬sawābig2 long and loose-fitting (garment); full,
complete, perfect; excessive, abundant, ample
‫ ﺳـﺒﻖ‬sabaqa i u (sabq) to be, come, go, get, or act, before or ahead of s.o.
or s.th. (‫ه‬ ,‫)ﻫ ـ‬, precede, antecede (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., in place and time), arrive
before s.o. (‫ )ه‬at (‫ ;)اﱃ‬to outstrip, outdistance, leave behind (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to forestall (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to anticipate (o s.th.); to do or say s.th. (‫)اﱃ‬
Confidential
spontaneously before one can be stopped; to turn spontaneously,
instinctively, without knowing why (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); to surpass, beat (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or
(an qābalahū) he had met him before (paraphrasing the pluperfect); ‫ﺳـﺒﻖ ﻟﻨـﺎ‬
‫ه‬
s.o.) |‫( ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﻪ ان ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬an fa‘alahū) he had already done it before; ‫ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟـﻪ ان ﻗﺎﺑﻠـﻪ‬
‫( اﻟﻘـﻮل ان‬qaulu) we have previously (already) said that ...; ‫ﺳـﺒﻖ اﳊﻜـﻢ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ب‬
(ḥukmu) he had been previously sentenced to …; ‫ ﺳـﺒﻖ ﱄ‬it happened to me
before, I experienced before (‫ ان‬that); ‫ ﱂ ﻳﺴـﺒﻖ ﱄ ان‬I have never before ...; ‫ﱂ‬
‫( ﻳﺴـﺒﻖ ﻟـﻪ ﻣﺜﻴـﻞ‬as) there has never been one before, (which is) unprecedented;
‫ ﺳـﺒﻖ اﻟﺴـﻴﻒ اﻟﻌـﺬل‬s. s-saifu l-‘adla (the sword anticipated censure, i.e.) one
has to accept the accomplished fact, there is (was) nothing one can (could)
do about it, it is (was) already too late; ‫ﺳـﺒﻘﻪ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬ (lisānuhū) to burst out
impulsively (with an utterance) II to cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to precede or antecede;
to premise (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to do or give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) prematurely III to try to get ahead
of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to try to defeat or beat (‫ ه‬s.o.), seek to get the better of s.o. (‫;)ه‬
to race (‫ ه‬s.o.), run a race (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to compete, vie (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to
662
try to get ahead of one another, seek to outdo one another. compete, vie; to
try to beat one another (‫ اﱃ‬to ) VIII = VI
‫ ﺳــﺒﻖ‬sabaq antecedence; precedence, priority | ‫ ﺳــﺒﻖ اﻹﺻـﺮار‬s. al-isrār
premeditation, willfulness (jur.); ‫ ﻣﻴـﺰة اﻟﺴـﺒﻖ‬mīzat as-s. initiative; ‫اﺣـﺮز ﻗﺼـﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﺴﺒﻖ‬see ‫اﺣﺮز‬
‫ ﺳﺒﻖ‬sabaq pl. ‫ اﺳﺒﺎق‬asbāq stake (in a race)
‫ ﺳﺒﻖ‬sabqa: ‫ ﺳﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬s. al-qalam slip of the pen, lapsus calami
‫ ﺳﺒﻘﺔ‬subqa stake (in a race)
‫ ﺳـﺒﺎق‬sabbāq anticipatory; precursory; triumphant | ‫ ﻗﻄـﺎر ﺳـﺒﺎق‬fast train,
express train; -- (pl. -ūn) precursor; winner in contest; O race-car driver
‫ اﺳـﺒﻖ‬asbaq2 earlier, antecedent; preceding, previous, prior; former, ex-
|‫اﻷﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫( اﳌﻘﻴﻢ‬muqīm) the ex-resident
‫ اﺳﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬asbaqīya precedence, priority; seniority
‫ ﺳﺒﻖ‬sibāq race (esp. of horses); contest |‫ ﻣـﱰ‬100×4 ‫( ﺳـﺒﺎق ﺗﺘـﺎﺑﻊ‬s. tatābu‘)
Confidential
4X100 m relay race; ‫ ﺣﺼــﺎن اﻟﺴــﺒﺎق‬race horse; ‫ ﺣﻠﺒــﺔ )ﻣﻴــﺪان( اﻟﺴــﺒﻖ‬ḥalbat
(maidān) as-s. race track; ‫ ﺳـﺒﺎق اﻟﻘـﻮارب‬regatta, boat race; ‫ ﺳـﺒﺎق اﻟﺘﺴـﻠﺢ‬s. at-
tasalluḥ arms race
‫ ﻣﺴــﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬musābaqa pl. -āt race (esp. of horses); contest; competition;
emulation
‫ ﺗﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬tasābuq emulation; competition
‫ ﺳــﺎﺑﻖ‬sābiq pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺳــﺒﺎق‬subbāq antecedent, preceding, foregoing,
previous, prior; former, ex-; retired, ret.; ‫ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬sābiqan formerly, previously
|‫ﻷواﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺑﻖ‬ (li-awānihī) premature; ‫ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻖ‬formerly, at one time, once;
‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻖ‬as before; ‫ ﻛﺴـﺎﺑﻖ اﻟﻌـﺎدة‬as it was customary before; as usual; ‫اﳌﺒﻠـﻎ‬
‫( اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬mablag, ṣarfuhū) the payment already effected
‫ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬sābiqa precedence, priority; previous case, precedent; previous,
earlier publication of an author; pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮاﺑﻖ‬sawābiq2 antecedents; previous
convictions |‫اﻟﺴـﻮاﺑﻖ‬ (‫ذوي‬ or) ‫ ﻣـﻦ اﺻـﺤﺎب‬previously convicted; ‫ﻣـﻦ ﻟـﻪ ﺳـﻮاﺑﻖ‬
(man) (one) previously convicted; recidivous criminal
‫ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻴﺔ‬sābiqīya: ‫ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬s. al-qaṣd premeditation (jur.)
663
‫ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺒﻮق‬gair masbūq unprecedented

‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ‬musabbaqan prematurely, in advance
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬musābiq pl. -ūn competitor; contestant; racer, runner
‫ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬mvla.tdbiq competitor; contestant
‫ ﺳـﺒﻚ‬sabaka i u (sabk) to found, cast (‫ ﻫ ـ‬metal), smelt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬ore); to form,
shape, mold (‫ ه‬s.o.); to formulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to polish the style (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) II
to found, cast (‫ ﻫ ـ‬metal), smelt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬ore); to braise, stew (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VII to be
poured into a mold, be cast
‫ ﺳـﺒﻚ‬sabk founding, outing; cast (also fig., = arrangement); formulation
(of an expression); shaping, forming (of a person) |‫اﳌﻌــﺎدن‬ ‫ﺻــﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺳــﺒﻚ‬
metallurgic industry; ‫ودﻗﺔ‬ ‫( ﺳﺒﻚ‬diqqa) accuracy, precision
‫ ﺳﺒﺎك‬sabbāk smelter, founder
‫ ﺳﺒﺎﻛﺔ‬sibāka founder’s trade and activity
‫ ﺳﺒﻴﻜﺔ‬sabīka pl. ‫ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻚ‬sabā’ik2 ingot
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻚ‬masbak pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻚ‬masābik2 foundry
‫ ﺗﺴﺒﻴﻚ‬tasbīk stewing, braising (in a covered dish, with scant moisture)
‫ ﺳـﺒﻞ‬II to dedicate to charitable purposes (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to let (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) hang
down; to let fall, drop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a curtain, drape, etc. ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over); to close, shut (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
the eyes); to shed (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬tears); to ear, form ears
‫ ﺳﺒﻞ‬sabal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬ears (of cereals)

‫ ﺳﺒﻠﺔ‬sabla manure, dung
‫ ﺳﺒﻠﺔ‬sabala pl. ‫ ﺳﺒﺎل‬sibāl mustache
‫ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ‬sabīl m. and f., pl. ‫ ﺳـﺒﻞ‬subul, ‫ اﺳـﺒﻠﺔ‬asbila way, road, path; access;
means, expedient, possibility (‫ اﱃ‬to, for; -- pl. ‫ اﺳﺒﻠﺔ‬asbila) public fountain); -
- pl. ‫ ﺳـﺒﻼن‬siblān) clay pipe bowl, clay pipe (of the Bedouins) |‫ اﺑـﻦ اﻟﺴـﺒﻴﻞ‬ibn
as-s. vagabond, tramp; wayfarer, traveler; ‫ ﰲ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ‬for the sake of, for, in
behalf of, in the interest of; ‫ ﺑﺴـﺒﻴﻞ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ‬by means of, through, by; ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ ﷲ‬for the cause of God, in behalf of God and his religion; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ‬by
way of, for: e.g., ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑـﺔ‬ (tajriba) for a try, tentatively, ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ‬
664
‫اﻟﻔﻜﺎﻫــﺔ‬ (fukāha) for fun,‫ ذﻛــﺮ اﻟﺸــﻲء ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺳــﺒﻴﻞ اﳌﺜــﺎل‬to quote s.th. as an
example; ‫ ﺧﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬see ‫ ﺧﻠﻮ; ﺿﺎﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺴـﺒﻞ‬he was at his wit’s end; ‫ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
‫( ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ‬laisa ‘alayya) there is nothing to keep me from doing that, I am
free to do that, it is no sin if I do that
‫ ﺳﺎﺑﻞ‬sābil: ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬a public, much-frequented road
‫ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬as-sābila the passers-by
‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻮل‬masbūl lowered, down (curtain)
‫ اﺳﺒﺎﱐ‬,‫ اﻷﺳﺒﺎن‬look up alphabetically
‫( ﺳﺒﻨﺴﺔ‬eg.) sibinsa pl. -āt caboose, brake van; baggage car (railroad)
‫ ﺳﺒﻪ‬sabah dotage
‫ﻋﻘـﻞ ﻣﺴـﺒﻮﻩ‬ ‘aql masbūh impaired mind (esp. due to old age), feeble-
mindedness
‫ ﺳﺒﻬﻠﻼ‬sabahlalan indifferently, aimlessly, haphazardly, at random
‫ ﺳﺒﺎﻫﻠﺔ‬sabāhila people without work, idlers, loafers
‫ ﺳﺒﺎﻫﻰ‬look up alphabetically
Confidential
‫ ﺳﺒﺎ‬look up alphabetically
‫( ﺳﺒﻮر‬Fr. sport) sbōr sport(s)
‫ ﺳـﱮ‬sabā i (saby, ‫ ﺳـﺒﺎء‬sibā’) to take prisoner, capture; to lead into
captivity (esp. in war); to captivate, fascinate, enchant, charm, beguile,
intrigue (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) VIII = I
‫ ﺳﱯ‬saby capture; captivity
‫ ﺳﱯ‬sabīy pl. ‫ ﺳﺒﺎ‬sabāyā captive, prisoner( of war)
‫ ﺳﺒﻴﺔ‬sabīya (female) prisoner
‫ ﺳﺒﻴﺪاج‬sibīdāj white lead, ceruse
‫ ﺳﺒﻴﺬاج‬sibīdāj white lead, ceruse
‫ س ت‬abbreviation of ‫ ﺳﺠﻞ ﲡﺎري‬sijill tijārī commercial register
‫ اﺳﺖ‬buttocks, backside
1‫ ﺳﺘﺔ‬sitta (f. ‫ ﺳﺖ‬sitt) six; ‫ﻋﺸـﺮ‬ ‫ ﺳـﺘﺔ‬sittata ‘ašara (f. ‫ ﺳـﺖ ﻋﺸـﺮة‬sitta ‘ašrata)
sixteen
‫ ﺳﺘﻮن‬sittūn sixty
‫ ﺳﺘﻮﱏ‬sittūnī sexagenarian
665
‫ اﻟﺴﺎت‬as-sātt the sixth

2 ‫ ﺳـﺖ‬sitt pl. -āt lady |‫ ﺳـﺖ اﳊﺴـﻦ‬s. al-ḥusn a variety of morning-glory
(Ipomoea cairica Webb.; bot.); also = belladonna, deadly nightshade (bot.)
‫ اﺳﺘﺎذ‬pl. ‫ اﺳﺎﺗﺬة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳـﱰ‬satara u i (satr) to cover, veil (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to hide, conceal (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th., ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ from); to disguise (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ s.th. from s.o.); to shield, guard,
protect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬against or from); to forgive (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o .s.th.),
overlook, condone s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬done by s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬II = I; V to be covered, be
veiled; to cover o.s., hide o.s., be concealed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬from) VIII to cover o.s.,
hide o.s.; to be veiled, be hidden, be concealed (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬from)

‫ ﺳـﱰ‬sitr pl. ‫ ﺳـﺘﻮر‬sutūr, ‫ اﺳـﺘﺎر‬astār veil; screen; curtain, drape, window
curtain; covering; cover (also mil.); protection, shelter, guard, shield;
pretext, excuse
‫ ﺳﱰة‬sutra pl. ‫ ﺳﱰ‬sutar jacket; tunic
‫ ﺳﱰي‬sutarī (eg.) clown, buffoon
Confidential
‫ ﺳـﺘﺎر‬sitār pl. ‫ ﺳـﱰ‬sutur veil, screen; covering; curtain, drape; pretext,
excuse |‫اﳊﺪﻳـﺪي‬
picture screen;
‫اﻟﺴـﺘﺎر‬ the Iron Curtain (pol.);
‫)ﺳــﺘﺎر ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨــﺎر )اﻟﻨـﲑان‬

‫اﻟﺴـﺘﺎر اﻟﻔﻀـﻲ‬ (fiḍḍī) motion-
‫ رﻓـﻊ اﻟﺴــﺘﺎر ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺸــﻲء‬to

barrage (mil.);
disclose, unveils, s.th. (also a monument); ‫ ﻣـﻦ وراء اﻟﺴـﺘﺎر‬behind the scenes,
backstage (fig.)
‫ اﻟﺴﺘﺎر‬as-sattār the Veiler, the Coverer (attribute of God)
‫ ﺳـﺘﺎرة‬sitāra pl. ‫ ﺳـﺘﺎﺋﺮ‬satā’ir2 veil; screen; curtain, drape, window curtain;
cover, covering
‫ ﺗﺴﱰ‬tasattur cover (mil.)
O ‫ ﺳﺎﺗﺮ‬sātir screen, folding screen
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮر‬mastūr hidden, invisible; masked; chaste; (one) having a blameless
record (Isl. Law); pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺗﲑ‬masātīr2 hidden, secret things
‫ ﻣﺘﺴﱰ‬mutasattir O anonymous
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﱰ‬mustatir hidden, concealed, latent; understood, implied (pronoun)
‫ ﺳﺘﻒ‬II to stack up, store up, stow (‫ ﻫـ‬goods); to arrange
‫ ﺗﺴﺘﻴﻒ‬tastīf stacking, stowing, storage
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‫ ﺳﺘﻪ‬sath, sith, satah pl. ‫ اﺳﺘﺎﻩ‬astāh buttocks, backside

‫ ﺳﺠﺎرة‬sigāra pl. -āt, ‫ ﺳﺠﺎﺋﺮ‬sagā’ir2, ‫ ﺳﺠﺎﻳﺮ‬sagāyir2 (Eg. spelling) cigarette
‫ اﺳﺠﺢ‬asjaḥ2 f. ‫ ﺳﺠﺤﺎء‬sajḥā’2 well-shaped, shapely, beautiful
‫ ﺳـﺠﺪ‬sajadah u (‫ ﺳـﺠﻮد‬sujūd) to bow down, bow in worship; to throw o.s.
down, prostrate o.s. (‫ ل‬before); to worship ( God)
‫ ﺳــﺠﺪة‬sajda pl. sajadāt prostration in prayer | ‫ اﺣــﺪ اﻟﺴــﺠﺪة‬aḥa as-s.
Whitsunday (Chr.)
‫ ﺳـﺠﻮد‬sujūd prostration, adoration, warship; also pl. of ‫ ﺳـﺎﺟﺪ‬sājid (see
below)
‫ ﺳﺠﺎد‬sajjād pl. -ūn worshiper (of God)
‫ ﺳﺠﺎدة‬sajjāda, coll. ‫ ﺳﺠﺎد‬sajjād pl. ‫ ﺳﺠﺎﺟﻴﺪ‬sajājīd2 prayer rug; rug, carpet
| ‫اﻟﺴﺠﺎدة‬ ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬and ‫ ﺷـﻴﺦ اﻟﺴـﺠﺎدة‬title of the leaders of certain dervish orders
in their capacity of inheritors of the founder’s prayer rug
‫ ﻣﺴـﺠﺪ‬masjid pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﺟﺪ‬masājid2 mosque | ‫( ﻣﺴـﺠﺪ ﺟـﺎﻣﻊ‬jāmi‘) large
mosque, mosque where the Friday prayer is conducted; ‫اﳊـﺮام‬ ‫( اﳌﺴـﺠﺪ‬ḥarām)
Confidential
the Holy Mosque in Mecca;
Jerusalem’s Temple Square;
Medina)
‫( اﳌﺴـﺠﺪ اﻷﻗﺼـﻰ‬aqṣā) name of a
‫ اﳌﺴـﺠﺪان‬the two Mosques (of
mosque on
Mecca and
‫ ﺳﺎﺟﺪ‬sājid pl. ‫ ﺳﺠﺪ‬sujjad, ‫ ﺳﺠﻮد‬sujūd prostrate in adoration, worshiping

1‫ ﺳـﺠﺮ‬sajara u to fire up, heat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a stove, an oven, etc.) II to cause to
overflow (‫ ﻫـ‬water)
‫ ﻣﺴﺠﺮ‬musajjar long and flowing (of hair)
2‫ ﺳﺠﺎرة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳﺠﺲ‬II to upset (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ ﺳـﺠﻊ‬saja‘a a (saj‘) to coo (pigeon); to speak in rhymed prose II to speak
in rhymed prose
‫ ﺳﺠﻊ‬rhymed prose
‫ ﺳﺠﻌﺔ‬saj‘a a passage of rhymed prose
‫ ﺳﺎﺟﻊ‬composer of rhymed prose
‫ ﺳﺠﻒ‬sajf, sijf pl. ‫ اﺳﺠﺎف‬asjāf, ‫ ﺳﺠﻮف‬sujūf curtain, veil
667
‫ ﺳﺠﺎف‬sijāf pl. ‫ ﺳﺠﻒ‬sujuf curtain, veil

‫( ﺳﺠﻖ‬Turk. sucuk) sujuq sausage |‫( ﺳﺠﻖ ﳏﻤﺮ‬muḥammar) fried, or grilled,
sausage
‫ ﺳﺠﻞ‬II to register, enter (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), make an entry (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.); to note down,
record (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make a note of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to have (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) recorded, put (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
on record, make a deposition or statement for the official records; to
document, prove by documentary evidence (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to give evidence (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or
s.th.); to score (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ اﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬a hit); to put down, write down, book ( ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.’s debit); to record (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., said of an apparatus; also, e.g., ‫ﰲ‬
‫ اﻟﺸـﺮاﺋﻂ اﳌﺴـﺠﻠﺔ‬on tape); to capture, catch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a scene); to set (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a record;
athlet.); to register (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a letter); to enter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) in the commercial register;
to have (‫ ﻫـ‬an invention) patented, secure a patent (‫ ﻫـ‬on) | ‫ان‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬to
go on record for (doing or being s.th.) III to rival, contend; to dispute,
debate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to contest (‫ ه‬s.o.’s right ‫ﻫـ‬ to s.th.) |‫اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺟﻠﻪ‬
Confidential
(ḥadīta) to draw s.o. into a conversation, have a talk with s.o.
‫ ﺳـﺠﻞ‬sijill pl. -āt scroll; register; list, index; ‫ ﺳـﺠﻼت‬records, archives
|‫اﻟﺘﺠـﺎري‬
‫( اﻟﺴـﺠﻞ‬tijārī) commercial register; ‫( اﻟﺴـﺠﻞ اﻟـﺬﻫﱯ‬dahabī) Golden
Book; ‫ ﺳـﺠﻞ اﻟـﺰ رات‬visitors’ book, guest book; ‫ ﺳـﺠﻞ اﻟﺘﺸـﺮﻳﻔﺎت‬list of visitors
(dipl.); or ‫ﺳـﺠﻞ اﻷﻃﻴـﺎن ) ﺳـﺠﻼت‬ or) cadastre, land register; ‫اﻟﺴـﺠﻞ اﻟﻌﻘـﺎري‬
(‘aqārī) do.
‫ ﺗﺴــﺠﻴﻞ‬tasjīl pl. -āt entering, entry, registration; documentation;
authentication; booking; recording; tape-recording; registering (of mail)
|‫ﻋﻘـﺎري‬ ‫‘( ﺗﺴـﺠﻴﻞ‬aqārī) entry in the land register; ‫( آﻟـﺔ ﺗﺴـﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﺼـﻮت‬t. aṣ-ṣaut)
tape recorder
‫ ﺳـﺠﺎل‬sijāl contest, competition with alternate success | ‫ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ اﳊـﺮب ﺑﻴـﻨﻬﻢ‬
‫( ﺳـﺠﺎﻻ‬ḥarb) their battle had its ups and downs, they fought each other with
alternate success
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺟﻠﺔ‬musājala pl. -āt contest, competition; discussion, talk
‫ ﻣﺴﺠﻞ‬musajjil pl. -ūn registrar; notary public; (pl. -āt) tape recorder | ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻂ‬
‫ ﻣﺴـﺠﻞ‬pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮاﺋﻂ ﻣﺴـﺠﻠﺔ‬magnetic tape; ‫ ﻣﺴـﺠﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬m. al-kullīya secretary of
the faculty
668
‫ ﻣﺴـﺠﻞ‬musajjal registered, etc. (see II) |‫ رﺳـﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴــﺠﻠﺔ‬registered letter;

‫( ﻣﺮاﺳـﻼت ﻣﺴـﺠﻠﺔ‬murāsalāt) registered mail; ‫ اﻃﻨـﺎن ﻣﺴـﺠﻠﺔ‬register tons; ‫ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ‬
‫( ﻣﺴﺠﻠﺔ‬ḥafla) concert of recorded music
‫ ﺳﺠﻢ‬sajama u (‫ ﺳﺠﻮم‬sujūm, ‫ ﺳﺠﺎم‬sijām) to flow, stream, well forth (tears,
water); -- sajama i (sajm, ‫ ﺳـﺠﻮم‬sujūm, ‫ ﺳـﺠﻤﺎن‬sajamān) to pour forth (‫ﻫ ـ‬
water), shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬tears) IV to shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬tears) VII to flow, stream, well forth
(water); to be fluent, elegant (speech); to be harmonious; to harmonize, be in
keeping (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with
‫ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم‬insijām fluency; harmony; order
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ‬munsajim harmonious
‫ ﺳﺠﻦ‬sajana u (sajn) to jail, imprison (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺳﺠﻦ‬sajn detention, imprisonment
‫ ﺳﺠﻦ‬sijn pl. ‫ ﺳﺠﻮن‬sujūn prison, jail
‫ ﺳـﺠﲔ‬sajīn pl. ‫ ﺳـﺠﻨﺎء‬sujanā’2, ‫ ﺳـﺠﲎ‬sajnā imprisoned, jailed, captive;
Confidential
prisoner, prison inmate, convict
‫ ﺳﺠﻴﻨﺔ‬sajīna pl. -āt female prisoner
‫ ﺳﺠﺎن‬sajjān jailer, prison guard, warden
‫ ﻣﺴـﺠﻮن‬masjūn pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﺟﲔ‬masājīn2 imprisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner,
prison inmate, convict
‫)ﺳـﺠﺎ )ﺳـﺠﻮ‬ sajā u (‫ ﺳـﺠﻮ‬sajw, ‫ﺳـﺠﻮ‬ sujūw) to be calm, quiet, tranquil
(night, sea) II to cover with a winding sheet, to shroud (‫ اﳌﻴـﺖ‬al-mayyita the
deceased) V to cover o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬with a garment)
‫ ﺳـﺠﻴﺔ‬sajīya pl. -āt, ‫ ﺳــﺠﺎ‬sajāyā nature, natural disposition, temper,
character; pl. characteristics, traits | ‫ﻋــﻦ ﺳــﺠﻴﺔ‬of one’s own accord,
spontaneously
‫ ﺳﺎج‬sājin quiet, calm, tranquil; dark (night)
‫ ﻣﺴﺠﻰ‬musajjan covered with a winding sheet, shrouded (corpse); laid out
(corpse)
‫ ﺳﺢ‬saḥḥa u i (saḥḥ, ‫ ﺳﺤﻮح‬suḥūḥ) to flow down, flow, fun, stream | ‫ﺳﺤﺖ‬
‫ اﻟﺴﻤﺎء‬saḥḥat is-samā’ it rained cats and dogs
669
‫‘ ﻋﲔ ﺳﺤﺎﺣﺔ‬ain saḥḥāḥ tearful eye

‫ ﺳـﺤﺐ‬saḥaba a (saḥb) to trail on the ground, drag along (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
withdraw (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s,o., s.th., also, e.g., a measure, an order, etc.); to pull out
(‫ ﻫـﻢ‬troops, ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to take away (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻣـﻦ‬from s.o. s.th.), strip, dispossess,
divest (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. of); to draw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬water); to take out, withdraw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬money,
from an account); to draw (‫ ﻫـ‬a bill of exchange, a lot); to unsheathe, draw (‫ﻫـ‬
a sword); to apply, make applicable (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th. to; said of a law or statute) |
‫‘(ﺳـﺤﺐ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬amala) to extend the applicability of s.th. to ... VII to
drag o.s. along, struggle along; to retreat, withdraw, pull out, fall back (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from); to be drawn out; to be applied (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to; of a law or statute)
‫ ﺳـﺤﺐ‬saḥb withdrawal (of troops, of measures, of rights, of money from
an account, etc.); (pl. ‫ت‬ ‫ ﺳﺤﻮ‬suhūbāt) drawing (in a lottery)
‫ ﺳﺤﺎب‬saḥāb (coll.) clouds
‫ ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬saḥāba (n. un.) pl. ‫ ﺳـﺤﺎﺋﺐ‬suḥub, ‫ ﺳـﺤﺎﺋﺐ‬saḥā’ib2 cloud; (pl. -āt)
Confidential
umbrella (magr.); ‫ ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬saḥābata during, in the course of |‫)اﻟﻴـﻮم‬
saḥābata n-nahār (l-yaum) all day long;
we have bean traveling all day;
‫)ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬
‫ ﺳـﺮ ﺳـﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬sirnā saḥābata yauminā
‫ ﺳــﺤﺎﺑﺔ ارﺑﻌــﺔ ﻗــﺮون‬in the course of four
centuries
‫ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬suḥāba film on the eye
‫ ﺳﺤﺎب‬saḥḥāb (Syr., Pal.) zipper, slide fastener
‫ ﻣﺴـﺤﺐ‬maṣḥab: ‫ ﻣﺴـﺤﺐ اﳍـﻮاء‬m. al-hawā’ source of the breeze or draft;
draft (of air)
‫ اﻧﺴـﺤﺎب‬insiḥāb withdrawal, retreat, pulling out, evacuation (esp. mil.);
resignation; stretching, extension
‫ ﺳﺎﺣﺐ‬sāḥib drawer (of a bill of exchange)
‫ اﳌﺴﺤﻮب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬al-masḥūb ‘alaihi drawee (of a bill of exchange)
‫ ﺳـﺤﺖ‬suḥt, suḥut pl. ‫ اﺳـﺤﺎت‬asḥāt s.th. forbidden or banned; illegal
possessions, ill-gotten property
‫ ﺳـﺤﺘﻮت‬saḥtūt Eg. square measure of 0.304 m2 (= 1/24 sahm); -- suḥtūt
penny
670
‫ ﺳـﺤﺞ‬saḥaja a (saḥj) to scrape off, shave off, scratch off, rub off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to graze, abrade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the skin), strip off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to scrape off, abrade, strip
off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺤﺞ‬misḥaj pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺞ‬masāḥij2 plane (tool)
‫ ﻣﺴﺤﺠﺔ‬misḥaja pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺞ‬masāḥij2 planing machine, planer
‫ ﻣﺴﺤﺎج‬misḥāj pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻴﺞ‬masāḥij2 plane (tool)
‫ ﻣﺴﺤﻮج‬masḥūj raw, sore (like a skin abrasion)
‫ ﺳﺤﺮ‬saḥara a (siḥr) to bewitch, charm, enchant, infatuate, fascinate (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to wheedle, coax (‫ ه‬s.o.) II = I; V to have a light meal (shortly
before daybreak)
‫ ﺳـﺤﺮ‬saḥar, suḥr pl. ‫ ﺳـﺤﻮر‬suḥūr, ‫ اﺳـﺤﺎر‬asḥār lungs, pulmonary region of
the body
‫ ﺳـﺤﺮ‬siḥr bewitchment, beguilement, enchantment, fascination; -- (pl.
‫ اﺳﺤﺎر‬asḥār, ‫ ﺳﺤﻮر‬suḥūr) sorcery, witchcraft, magic; charm (of a woman)
Confidential
‫ ﺳﺤﺮي‬siḥrī magic(al) | ‫( ﻓﺎﻧﻮس ﺳﺤﺮي‬fānūs) magic lantern, slide projector
‫ ﺳﺤﺮ‬saḥar pl. ‫ اﺳﺤﺎر‬asḥār time before daybreak, early morning, dawn
‫ ﺳﺤﻮر‬saḥūr last meal before daybreak during the month of Ramadan
‫ ﺳﺤﺎر‬saḥḥār pl. -ūn sorcerer, magician, wizard, charmer
‫ ﺳﺤﺎرة‬saḥḥāra sorceress, witch
‫ ﺳﺤﺎرة‬saḥḥāra pl. -āt culvert; (pl. ‫( ﺳﺤﺎﺣﲑ‬saḥāhīr2) case, crate, chest, box
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺮ‬masāḥir2: ‫( اﻧﺘﻔﺨـﺖ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺮﻩ‬intafakat) his lungs became inflated (out
of fear or pride)
‫ ﺳـﺎﺣﺮ‬sāḥir charming, enchanting; (pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺳـﺤﺮة‬saḥara, ‫ ﺳـﺤﺎر‬suḥḥār)
sorcerer, enchanter, magician, wizard, charmer
‫ ﺳﺎﺣﺮة‬sāḥira pl. -āt, ‫ ﺳﻮاﺣﺮ‬sawāḥir2 sorceress, witch
‫ ﺳﺤﻖ‬saḥaqa a (saḥq) to crush (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to pound, bruise, powder,
pulverize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to annihilate, wipe out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., an army); to wear out
(‫ ﻫـ‬clothing); -- saḥiqa a, saḥuqa u (suḥq) to be distant, far away, remote II to
crush; to annihilate, destroy V and VII to be crushed, be pounded, be
bruised, be pulverized
671
‫ ﺳــﺤﻖ‬saḥq crushing, bruising, pulverization; (pl. ‫ ﺳــﺤﻮق‬suhūq) worn

garment, rag
‫ ﺳـﺤﻖ‬suḥq, suḥuq distance, remoteness; depth, vastness (of an abyss)
|‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ ﺳﺤﻘﺎ‬suḥqan lahū away with him! to hell with him!
‫ ﺳﺤﻴﻖ‬saḥīq far away, distant, remote; deep, bottomless (abyss, depth)
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻘﺔ‬musāḥaqa and ‫ ﺳﺤﺎق‬siḥāq tribady, Lesbianism
‫ اﻧﺴﺤﺎق اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬insiḥāq al-qalb contrition, penitence, repentance
‫ ﺳﺎﺣﻖ‬sāḥiq crushing; overwhelming (majority)
‫ ﻣﺴــﺤﻮق‬masḥūq ground, grated (bread, nutmeg, etc.); (pl. ‫ﻣﺴــﺎﺣﻖ‬
masāḥiq2) powder | ‫اﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﺤﻮق‬m. al-faḥm coal dust
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﺤﻖ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬m. al-qalb contrite, penitent, repentant
‫ ﺳـﺤﻞ‬saḥala a (saḥl) to scrape off, shave off, peel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to smooth,
make smooth (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to plane (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to file (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬saḥāla filings, file dust
Confidential
‫ ﺳﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬siḥlīya pl. saḥālin lizard (eg.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺤﻞ‬misḥa1 pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻞ‬masāḥil2 tool for smoothing, plane; file
‫ ﺳـﺎﺣﻞ‬sāḥil pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮاﺣﻞ‬sawāḥil2 littoral, coast, seashore; (Eg.) river harbor,
anchorage (on the Nile) |‫اﻟﺴـﻮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻔـﺮ‬ kafar as-s. coast guard; ‫ﻻ ﺳـﺎﺣﻞ ﻟـﻪ‬
(sāḥila) shoreless
‫ ﺳـﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬sāḥilī coastal, littoral; (pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮاﺣﻠﺔ‬sawāḥila) coastal inhabitant;
Swahili
‫ ﺳـﺤﻠﺐ‬saḥlab salep (dried tuber of various species of Orchis); a sweet
drink made of salep
‫ ﺳﺤﻢ‬saḥam blackness, black color
‫ ﺳﺤﻤﺔ‬suḥma blackness, black color
‫ ﺳﺤﺎم‬suḥām blackness black color
‫ اﺳﺤﻢ‬asḥam2, f. ‫ ﺳﺤﻤﺎء‬saḥmā’2, pl. ‫ ﺳﺤﻢ‬suḥum black
‫ ﺳﺤﻦ‬saḥana a (saḥn) to crush, pound, bruise, grind (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to smooth by
rubbing (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳـﺤﻨﺔ‬saḥna and saḥana pl. saḥanāt, ‫ ﺳـﺤﻦ‬suḥan (external) appearance,

look(s); facial expression, air, mien
672
‫ ﻣﺴﺤﻨﺔ‬misḥana pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﻦ‬masāḥin2 pestle

‫ ﺳﺤﺎءة‬siḥā’a pl. ‫ ﺳﺤﺎ‬saḥāyā cerebral membrane, cortex
‫ ﺳﺤﺎﺋﻲ‬siḥā’ī meningeal |‫( ﻣﺮض اﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﺴﺤﺎﺋﻲ‬maraḍ al-ilt.) meningitis
‫ ﻣﺴﺤﺎة‬misḥāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎح‬masāḥin iron shovel, spade
‫ ﺳﺨﺘﻴﺎن‬suktiyān, siktiyān morocco (leather)
‫ ﺳـﺨﺮ‬sakira a (sakar, sakr, sukur, sukr, ‫ ﺳـﺨﺮة‬sukra, ‫ ﻣﺴـﺨﺮ‬maskar) to
laugh, scoff, jeer, sneer (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬at), mock, ridicule, deride (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.,
s.th.), make fun (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬of) II to subject, make subservient (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
‫ل‬ to or for the purpose of); to make serviceable (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ل‬ s.th. to), employ,
utilize, turn to profitable account (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ل‬s.th. for), make use (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of, ‫ ل‬for);
to exploit (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for) V to reduce to servitude, subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to scoff, jeer, sneer
‫ ﺳـﺨﺮة‬sukra laughingstock, target of ridicule; corvée, statute labor, forced
labor | ‫اﻟﺴﺨﺮة‬ ‫ رﺟﺎل‬serfs, bondsmen; ‫ اﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺨﺮة‬forced labor, slave labor
Confidential
‫ ﺳـﺨﺮي‬sukrī, sikrī laughingstock, target of ridicule; corvée, statute labor,
forced labor
‫ ﺳـﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬sukrīya scorn, derision, mockery, irony; laughingstock, object of
ridicule
‫ ﻣﺴـﺨﺮة‬maskara pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﺧﺮ‬masākir2 object of ridicule, laughingstock;
ridiculous, droll, ludicrous; masquerade
‫ ﺗﺴﺨﲑ‬taskīr subjugation, subjection; exploitation
‫ ﻣﺴﺨﺮ‬musakkir oppressor
‫ ﺳـﺨﻂ‬sakiṭa a (sakal) to be annoyed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬at s.o., at s.th.), be
displeased, be angry (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ه‬ with s.o.), resent (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.) IV to
discontent, embitter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to anger, exasperate, enrage (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I

‫ ﺳـﺨﻂ‬sukut, sukṭ, sakat discontent, annoyance, displeasure, indignation,
anger, irritation, exasperation; wrath, bitterness, grudge, resentment
‫ ﻣﺴـﺨﻄﺔ‬maskaṭa pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﺧﻂ‬masākiṭ2 object of annoyance, of wrath, of
anger
‫ ﻣﺴﺨﻮط‬maskūt loathsome, hated, odious; (pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺧﻴﻂ‬masākīṭ) (eg.) idol
‫ ﺗﺴﺨﻂ‬tasaḳḳut annoyance, displeasure, anger, wrath
673
‫ ﺳﺨﻒ‬sakafa u (sukf, ‫ ﺳﺨﺎﻓﺔ‬sakāfa) to be feeble (wit); to be stupid, foolish

‫ ﺳــﺨﻒ‬sakufa feeble-mindedness, dimwittedness; imbecility, idiocy;
nonsense, foolishness, folly
‫ ﺳـﺨﻴﻒ‬sakīf pl. ‫ ﺳـﺨﺎف‬sikāf stupid, fatuous, simple-minded; absurd, silly,
ridiculous, foolish; despicable, inferior; (pl. ‫ ﺳﺨﻔﺎء‬sukafā’) fool
‫ ﺳـﺨﺎﻓﺔ‬sakāfa feeble-mindedness dimwittedness; (pl. -āt) folly, silly thing
to do, childish prank
‫ ﺳﺨﺎﺋﻒ‬sakā’if silly things
‫ ﺳﺨﻠﺔ‬sakla pl. ‫ ﺳﺨﺎل‬sikāl lamb
‫ ﺳﺨﻢ‬II to make black, blacken with soot, besmut (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫(ﺳﺨﻢ ﺑﺼـﺪرﻩ‬bi-
ṣadrihī) to irritate s.o., make s.o. angry V to hate (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.o.), harbor
resentment (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against s.o.), be angry (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with)
‫ ﺳﺨﻢ‬sakam blackness
‫ ﺳﺨﻤﺔ‬sukma blackness; hatred, resentment, ill will
‫ ﺳﺨﺎم‬sukam soot, smut
Confidential
‫ ﺳﺨﻴﻤﺔ‬sakīma pl. ‫ ﺳﺨﺎﺋﻢ‬sakā’im hatred, resentment, ill will
‫ ﺳـﺨﻦ‬sakuna u, sakana u and sakina a (‫ ﺳـﺨﻮﻧﺔ‬sukūna, ‫ ﺳـﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬sakāna, ‫ﺳـﺨﻨﺔ‬
sukna) to be or become hot or warm; to warm (up); to be feverish II to make
hot, to beat, warm (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV = II
‫ ﺳﺨﻦ‬sukn hot, warm
‫ ﺳﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬sakāna heat, warmth
‫ ﺳﺨﻮﻧﺔ‬sukūna heat, warmth
O ‫ ﺳﺨﺎن‬sakkān, ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬‫ ﺳﺨﺎن‬s. miyāh boiler, hot-water tank
O ‫ ﺳﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬sakkāna hot-water bottle |‫ ﺳـﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﳊﻤـﺎم‬s. al-ḥammām bath heater,
geyser
‫ ﺳﺨﺎ ت‬sakkānāt hot springs
‫ ﺳﺎﺧﻦ‬sākin pl. ‫ ﺳﺨﺎن‬sukkān hot, warm
(‫ ﺳﺨﻮ‬and ‫ ﺳﺨﻲ( ﺳﺨﺎ‬sakā u, ‫ ﺳﺨﻲ‬sakiya a (‫ ﺳﺨﺎء‬sakā’) and ‫ ﺳﺨﻮ‬sakuwa
u (‫ ﺳـﺨﺎوة‬sakāwa) to be liberal. generous (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ب‬with s.th. toward s.o.); to
grant, award (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.), confer, bestow (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.) V
674
to show o.s. generous, display liberality; to endeavor to be liberal or

generous VI = V
‫ ﺳﺨﺎء‬sakā’ liberality, munificence, generosity
‫ ﺳــﺨﻲ‬sakīy pl. ‫ اﺳــﺨﻴﺎء‬askiyā’ liberal, openhanded, generous; giving
generously (‫ ب‬s.th.), being lavish (‫ ب‬with) |‫أﻣـﻮال‬ ‫ ﺳـﺨﻴﺔ‬ample funds; ‫ﺳـﺨﻲ‬
‫( اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻲء‬s. an-nafs) only too glad to relinquish or give up s.th.
‫ ﺳﺨﺎوة‬sakāwa generosity
‫ ﺳـﺪ‬sadda u (sadd) to plug up, close up, stop up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to clog, congest
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bar, obstruct, block up, barricade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o. s.th.); to
block, blockade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cork, plug, stopper (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pay, defray,
settle, cover (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., esp. expenses, a debt, etc.); to fulfill, satisfy, meet (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
claim, and the like) | ‫ﺛﻐـﺮة‬ ‫(ﺳـﺪ‬tugratan) to fill a gap, close a breach; ‫ﺳـﺪ ﺛﻠﻤـﺔ‬
(tulmatan) to fill a gap; ‫ﺳـﺪ ﺧﻠـﺔ‬ (kallatan) to remedy a shortcoming; ‫ﺳـﺪ‬
‫( ﺣﺎﺟﺘـﻪ‬ḥājatahū) to meet s.o.’s need, provide for s.o.; ‫( ﺳـﺪ رﻣﻘـﻪ‬ramaqahū) to
Confidential
keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive, eke out an existence; to provide s.o. with a bare
existences; to allay s.o.’s hunger; ‫( ﺳـﺪ ﻣﺴـﺪﻩ‬masaddahū) to fill s.o.’s place,
replace s.o.; ‫ ﺳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻋﻤﻪ‬to satisfy or fulfill s.o.’s claims; ‫( ﺳﺪ ﻓﺮاﻏﺎ‬farāgan) to
fill a gap; ‫ ﺳـﺪ اﻟﻨـﻮاﻗﺺ‬to remove or remedy deficiencies; -- sadda i (‫ﺳـﺪود‬

sudūd, ‫ ﺳـﺪاد‬sadād) to be sound, right, in proper condition; to hit the right
thing, say or do the right thing; to be apposite, be to the point II to block,
bar, obstruct (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pay, defray, settle, cover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬expenses, debts, etc.);
to guide (‫ ﳓﻮ‬s.o. to), show (‫ ه‬s.o.) the right way (‫ ﳓﻮ‬to); to direct (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
to), point, level (‫اﱃ‬‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. at); to aim (‫ اﱃ‬at); to sight, take aim by a sight; to
focus (‫ اﱃ‬on; phot.); to draw a bead (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﳓـﻮ‬on s.th.) | ‫(ﺳـﺪد دﻳﻨـﺎ‬dainan) to
pay or settle a debt; ‫‘( ﺳـﺪد ﻋﺠـﺰا‬ajzan) to cover a deficit; ‫( ﺳـﺪد ﺧﻄـﺎﻩ‬kuṭāhu)
to guide s.o.’s stepa IV to hit the right thing, say or do the right thing; to be
apposite, be to the point V to be guided, be directed, be shown (‫ اﱃ‬to) VII to
be blocked, be obstructed, be plugged up, become or be clogged or
congested
‫ ﺳـﺪ‬sadd plugging, closing, stopping up; obstruction, barring, barricading;
blocking; defrayment (of costs), payment, settlement (of a debt, of
675
expenses); fulfillment, satisfaction (of a claim, etc.); -- sadd, sudd pl. ‫ﺳـﺪود‬
sudūd, ‫اﺳـﺪاد‬ asdād obstruction, block, obstacle; barrier; rampart, bank,
mound; dike; dam; weir; barrage, river dam; bar, rail; hurdle (athlet.);
bulwark (fig.) |‫اﻟﻌـﺎﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﺴـﺪ‬ (‘ālī) the High Dam (near Aswān); ‫ﺳـﺪ اﳌﻨﺎﻃﻴــﺪ‬
balloon barrage (mil.); ‫اﻟﺴﺪ‬ ‫ ﺣﺎرة‬blind alley, dead end
‫ ﺳـﺪة‬sadda block, barrier; obstruction, obstacle; barricade; dam | ‫اﻟﺴـﺪة‬
‫( اﻟﺸﺮ ﻧﻴﺔ‬širyānīya) embolism (med.)
‫ ﺳـﺪة‬sudda pl. ‫ ﺳـﺪد‬sudad gate, door; threshold; seat; couch. divan | ‫اﻟﺴـﺪة‬
‫( )اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ )اﻟﺒﺎ وﻳﺔ‬rasūlīya) the Holy See
‫ ﺳﺪد‬sadad obstruction, clogging (of a pipe)
‫ ﺳـﺪاد‬sadād payment, defrayment, settlement, discharge, liquidation; the
proper, right thing to do, the apposite thing to say; appropriateness,
appositeness (of a remark), lucky hand (in one’s actions) |‫اﻟﺴــﺪاد‬ ‫ﲢــﺖ‬
outstanding, due, unpaid (com.); ‫ ﺑﺴﺪاد‬appropriately, appositely; ‫ ﺳﺪاد اﻟﺮأي‬s.
Confidential
ar-ra’y levelheadedness
‫ ﺳﺪاد‬sudād obstruction in the nose
‫ ﺳﺪاد‬sidād pl. ‫ اﺳﺪة‬asidda plug, stopper, cork |O ‫ ﺳﺪاد اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬plug (el.)
‫ ﺳﺪادة‬sidāda plug, stopper, cork; O sight (of a gun)
‫ ﺳـﺪﻳﺪ‬sadīd hitting the target (arrow, spear); apposite, pat, pertinent,
relevant, right, correct (answer, view)
‫ اﺳﺪ‬asadd2 more apposite, more relevant
‫ ﺗﺴﺪﻳﺪ‬tasdīd payment, defrayment, settlement, discharge, liquidation | ‫ﲢﺖ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺴﺪﻳﺪ‬outstanding, due, unpaid (com.)
‫ ﺳﺎد‬sādd obstructive
‫ ﻣﺴﺪود‬masdūd closed (circuit; el.)
‫(ﺳﺪب‬eg.; sadab) = ‫ ﺳﺬاب‬sadāb
‫ ﺳـﺪر‬sadira a (sadar, ‫ ﺳـﺪارة‬sadāra) to be dazzled (eye); to be confused,
bewildered, startled, dazed; to be deluded
‫ ﺳـﺪر‬sidr (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺳـﺪر‬sidar, -āt, ‫ ﺳـﺪور‬sudūr a variety of
Christ’s-thorn (Zizyphus spina Christi; bot.); lotus tree | ‫ﺳـﺪرة اﳌﻨﺘﻬـﻰ‬s. al-
676
muntahā the lotus tree in the Seventh Heaven; ‫ ﺑﻠـﻎ ﺳـﺪرة اﳌﻨﺘﻬـﻰ‬to attain the
highest goal, achieve ultimate results
‫ ﺳﺪارة‬sidāra pl. ‫ ﺳﺪاﺋﺮ‬sadā’ir an Iraqi headgear, commonly of black velvet;
overseas cap
‫ ﺳﻴﺪارة‬sīdāra pl. -āt = ‫ ﺳﺪارة‬sidāra
‫ ﺳﺎدر‬sādir reckless (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.)
‫ ﺳـﺪس‬II to make sixfold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to multiply by six (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make
hexagonal, make hexangular (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳﺪس‬suds, sudus pl. ‫ اﺳﺪاس‬asdās one-sixth
‫ ﺳﺪاﺳﻲ‬sudāsī sixfold; consisting of six parts
‫ اﻟﺴﺎدس‬as-sādis the sixth
‫ ﻣﺴـﺪس‬muaaddas hexagonal; hexagon; hexahedral; hexahedron; (pl. -āt)
revolver, sixshooter | ‫اﺷﺎرة‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﺪس‬m. išāra Very pistol
‫ ﻣﺴﺪﺳﺔ‬musaddasa pistol, gun, revolver
‫ ﺳﺪف‬sadaf pl. ‫ اﺳﺪاف‬asdāf darkness, twilight, dusk
Confidential
‫ ﺳﺪف‬sudfa pl. ‫ ﺳﺪف‬sudaf darkness, twilight, dusk; curtain
‫ ﺳـﺪل‬sadala u i (sadl) to let (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) hang down or fall down; to let down,
drop, lower (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. on); pass. sudila to hang down (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) II and IV = I;
V to hang down, be lowered, be down VII to descend (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on)
‫ ﺳﺪل‬sidl, sudl pl. ‫ ﺳﺪول‬sudūl, ‫ اﺳﺪال‬asdāl veil, curtain

‫ ﺳﺪم‬VII to dry up (spring)
‫ ﺳﺪم‬sadam sorrow, sadness, affliction, grief
‫ ﺳﺪﱘ‬sadīm pl. ‫ ﺳﺪم‬sudum mist, haze; nebula (astron.)
‫ ﺳﺪﳝﻲ‬sadīmī nebular; nebulous
‫ ﺳـﺪاﻧﺔ‬sidāna office of gatekeeper or custodian (of a shrine, specif. of the
Kaaba)
‫ ﺳـﺎدن‬sādin pl. ‫ ﺳـﺪﻧﺔ‬sadana custodian, gatekeeper of the Kaaba; sexton,
sacristan (Chr.); keeper, curator; pl. ‫ ﺳـﺪﻧﺔ‬crew (of a machine gun, of a tank,
etc.)
677
(‫ ﺳﺪو‬and ‫ )ﺳـﺪى‬II to confer (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬a benefit on s.o.) IV to confer (‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬a benefit on s.o.); to render, perform, do (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( اﺳـﺪى اﻟﻴـﻪ ﺧﺪﻣـﺔ‬kidma)
to render s.o. a service; ‫( اﺳـﺪى اﻟﻴـﻪ اﻻرﺷـﺎدات‬iršādāt) to make suggestions to
s.o., advise s.o.; ‫( اﺳـﺪى اﻟﻴـﻪ اﻟﺸـﻜﺮ‬šukr) to extend one’s thanks to s.o., thank
s.o.; ‫ اﺳـﺪى ﻓﺎﺋـﺪة‬to be beneficial; ‫( اﺳـﺪى اﻟﻴـﻪ )ﻟـﻪ( اﻟﻨﺼـﺢ‬nuṣḥ) to give s.o. (a
word of) advice; ‫( اﺳﺪى اﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺪا‬yadan) to do s.o. a favor
‫ ﺳـﺪى‬sadan pl. ‫ اﺳـﺪﻳﺔ‬asdiya warp (of a fabric); a continuous, prevailing
characteristic or trait, thread (of a story, of an argument, etc.)
‫ ﺳـﺪاة‬sadāh warp (of a fabric); a continuous, prevailing characteristic or
trait, thread (of a story, of an argument, etc.)
‫ ﺳـﺪى‬sudan in vain, futilely, to no end, uselessly | ‫ذﻫـﺐ ﺳـﺪى‬to be in vain,
futile, useless
‫ ﺳﺬاب‬sadāb rue, herb of grace (bot.)
‫ ﺳﺬﰊ‬sadabī of the rue
‫ ﺳـﺬاﺟﺔ‬sadāja simplicity; innocence, ingenuousness, naiveté; homeliness,
Confidential
plainness; guilelessness
‫ ﺳــﺎذج‬sādaj, sādij pl. ‫ ﺳــﺬج‬suddaj simple; plain, uncolored, uniform
(fabric); innocent, ingenuous, naive; plain, homely; artless, guileless,
candid, frank (character); primitive
1‫( ﺳـﺮ‬Pers. sar head) formerly in compounds: head, chief; ‫ﺳـﺮدار‬ sirdār
(Eg.) supreme commander; commanding general; ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺴـﻜﺮ‬sar‘askar general
(in the former Ottoman army); ‫ ﺳﺮﻳﻮران‬saryawarān adjutant general
2‫ ﺳـﺮ‬sarra u (‫ ﺳـﺮور‬surūr, ‫ﺗﺴــﺮة‬ tasirra, ‫ﻣﺴــﺮة‬ masarra) to make happy,
gladden, delight, cheer (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. surra (‫ ﺳـﺮور‬surūr) to be happy, glad,

delighted (‫ ل‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ or ‫ ب‬at), take pleasure (‫ ل‬or
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬in) II to make
happy, gladden, delight, cheer (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to confide a secret (‫ ه‬to s.o.) | ‫ﺳﺎرﻩ‬
‫( ﰲ اذﻧـﻪ‬udnihī) to whisper in s.o.’s ear IV to make happy, gladden, delight,

cheer (‫ ه‬s.o.); to keep secret, hide, conceal, disguise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tell
confidentially, confide (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ اﱃ‬to s.o. s.th.); to tell under one’s breath,
whisper (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ اﱃ‬to s.o. s.th.) | ‫( اﺳـﺮ ﰲ اذﻧـﻪ‬udnihī) to whisper in s.o.’s ear
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V ‫ ﺗﺴـﺮى‬tasarrā (and ‫ ﺗﺴـﺮر‬tasarrara) to take (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a woman) as
678
concubine (‫ ﺳـﺮﻳﺔ‬surriya) X to try to hide; to hide, be hidden (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to

take as concubine (‫ ﻫﺎ‬a woman)
‫ ﺳـﺮ‬sirr pl. ‫ اﺳـﺮار‬asrār secret; secret thought; heart, inmost; secrecy;
mystery; sacrament (Chr.); underlying reason (of s.th.); ‫ ﺳـﺮا‬sirran secretly,
privately | ‫‘( ﺳـﺮا وﻋﻼﻧﻴـﺔ‬alāniyatan) secretly and publicly; ‫ ﺳـﺮ اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬s. al-lail
watchword, password; ‫ اﺳـﺮار اﻟﻘـﺮآن‬the secret meaning of the Koran; ‫ﻛﺎﺗـﺐ‬
‫ اﻟﺴـﺮ‬secretary; ‫ ﻛـﺎﰎ اﻟﺴـﺮ‬do.; ‫ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ اﻟﺴـﺮ‬kalimat as-s. watchword, password;
‫ ﺑﺴﺮﻛﻢ‬or ‫ ﰲ ﺳﺮﻛﻢ‬to your health! cheerio! skoal! ‫ﺳﺮﻩ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬secretly,
Inwardly, in his heart; ‫ اﺗﻌـﺐ ﺳـﺮﻩ‬at‘aba sirrahū to trouble, worry, bother,
harass s.o.; ‫ اﺟـﺮى ﺳـﺮا‬ajrā sirran to dispense a sacrament (Chr.); ‫ﻗـﺪس ﷲ ﺳـﺮﻩ‬
qaddasa llāhu sirrahū may God hallow his secret! (eulogy after the name of
a deceased Muslim saint)
‫ ﺳـﺮي‬sirrī secret; private; confidential; mysterious, cryptic; sacramental
(Chr.) |‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ اﻷﻣﺮاض‬venereal diseases
Confidential
‫ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ‬sirrīya secret; sportiveness
‫ ﺳﺮ‬surr pl. ‫ اﺳﺮة‬asirra umbilical cord
‫ ﺳﺮة‬surra pl. -āt, ‫ ﺳﺮر‬surar navel, umbilicus; center
‫ ﺳﺮي‬surrī umbilical | ‫( اﳊﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﺮي‬ḥabl) umbilical cord
‫ ﺳﺮر‬surur, sirar umbilical cord
‫ ﺳﺮر‬surur line of the palm or forehead
‫ ﺳﺮار‬sarār: ‫ ﺳﺮار اﻟﺸﻬﺮ‬s. aš-šahr last night of the lunar month
‫ ﺳـﺮار‬sirār pl. ‫ اﺳـﺮة‬asirra, ‫ اﺳـﺎرﻳﺮ‬asārīr2 line of the palm or forehead; pl.
features, facial expression, air, also ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ اﺳﺎرﻳﺮ‬a. al-wajh
‫ ﺳﺮور‬surūr joy, happiness, delight, pleasure; glee, gaiety, hilarity, mirth
‫ ﺳـﺮﻳﺮ‬sarīr pl. ‫ اﺳـﺮة‬asirra, ‫ ﺳـﺮور‬surūr, ‫ ﺳـﺮاﻳﺮ‬sarāyīr2 bedstead, bed; throne,
elevated seat
‫ ﺳﺮﻳﺮة‬sarīra pl. ‫ ﺳﺮاﺋﺮ‬sarā’ir2 secret; secret thought; mind, heart, soul | ‫ﺻﻔﺎء‬
‫ اﻟﺴـﺮﻳﺮة‬ṣafā’ as-s. clearness of conscience; ‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ اﻟﺴـﺮﻳﺮة‬ṭayyib as-s. guileless
simplehearted
679
‫ ﺳـﺮاء‬sarrā’2 happiness prosperity |‫( ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺮاء واﻟﻀـﺮاء‬ḍarrā’) in good and bad

days, for better or for worse
‫ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ‬surriya pl. ‫ ﺳﺮاري‬sarārīy concubine
‫ ﻣﺴﺮة‬masarra pl. -āt joy, happiness, delight, pleasure; glee, gaiety, hilarity,
mirth
‫ ﻣﺴﺮة‬misarra pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎر‬masārr2 speaking tube; telephone
‫ ﺗﺴﺮ‬tasarrin concubinage
‫ اﺳﺘﺴﺮار‬istisrār concubinage
‫ ﺳﺎر‬sārr gladdening, gratifying, joyous, glad, cheering, delightful
‫ ﻣﺴﺮور‬masrūr glad, happy, delighted (‫ ب‬at), pleased (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻣﺴﺮ‬musirr gratifying, delightful, pleasant
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺴﺮ‬mustasarr place of concealment
‫ ﺳﺮادق‬surādiq pl. -āt large tent, canopy, pavilion
‫ ﺳﺮاط‬sirāṭ = ‫ ﺻﺮاط‬ṣirāṭ way, path, road
‫ ﺳﺮاى‬sarāy palace
Confidential
‫ ﺳﺮاﻳﺔ‬sarāya pl. -āt palace | ‫( اﻟﺴﺮاﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ṣafrā’) insane asylum (eg.)
1‫ ﺳـﺮب‬sariba a (sarab) to flow; to run out, leak II to send in groups or
batches (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬to) V to flow; to run out, flow off, escape; to
sneak away, slink away, steal away; to stream, penetrate (‫ اﱃ‬into), infiltrate
(‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to creep (‫ ﰲ‬into); to sneak, slip, steal (‫ اﱃ‬into, among); to creep
along, flow along, glide along; to seep through, leak out (‫ اﱃ‬to, of a report);
to spread, circulate, be passed around (news) VII to hide, crawl into its lair
(animal)
‫ ﺳـﺮب‬sirb pl. ‫ اﺳـﺮاب‬asrāb herd, flock, bevy, covey, swarm; squadron,
group, wing, formation, flight (of aircraft); heart, mind |‫اﻟﻨﺤـﻞ‬ ‫( ﺳﺮب ﻣـﻦ‬nahl)
swarm of bees; ‫اﻟﺴﺮب‬ ‫ ﻫﺎدئ‬calm, composed, confident
‫ ﺳــﺮب‬sarab pl. ‫ اﺳـﺮاب‬asrāb burrow, hole, den, lair (of an animal);
underground passage; tunnel, conduit
‫ ﺳﺮﺑﺔ‬surba pl. ‫ ﺳﺮب‬surab herd, flock, bevy, covey, swarm
‫ ﺳﺮاب‬sarāb mirage, fata morgana; phantom; sewage
680
‫ ﻣﺴﺮب‬masrab pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎرب‬masārib2 course (taken by s.th.); river bed; drain,

sewer
‫ ﺳﺎرب‬sārib conspicuous, visible
‫ ﺳﺎرﺑﺔ‬sāriba pl. ‫ ﺳﻮارب‬sawārib2 reptile
2‫ اﺳﺮب‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳـﺮﺑﻞ‬sarbala to clothe (‫ ه‬s.o.) with a sirbāl (q.v.); to clothe, dress (‫ب ه‬

s.o. in or with); to cover, wrap (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with) II tasarbala to put on a sirbāl
(q.v.); to put on, wear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a garment); to be clothed, clad, garbed (‫ ب‬in, also
fig.); to wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬in); to dress up (‫ ب‬in)
‫ ﺳﺮ ل‬sirbāl pl. ‫ ﺳﺮاﺑﻴﻞ‬sarābīl2 shirt; coat of mail; garment
‫ ﻣﺘﺴـﺮﺑﻞ‬mutasarbil: ‫ ﻣﺘﺴـﺮﺑﻞ ﻟﺸــﺒﺎب‬blessed with youthfulness, evincing
youthful freshness
1‫ ﺳـﺮج‬saraja to braid, plait (.‫ ﻫ ـ‬the hair) II do.; to baste, tack (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
saddle, (‫ ﻫـ‬an animal) IV do.; to light (‫ اﻟﺴﺮاج‬the lamp)
Confidential
‫ ﺳﺮج‬sarj pl. ‫ ﺳﺮوج‬surūj; saddle
‫ ﺳـﺮاج‬sirāj pl. ‫ ﺳـﺮج‬suruj lamp, light |O ‫ ﺳـﺮاج اﳊﺮﻛـﺔ‬s. al-ḥaraka traffic light;
‫ ﺳﺮاج اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬s. al-lail firefly, glowworm
‫ ﺳﺮاﺟﺔ‬sirāja saddlery, saddler’s trade; glanders
‫ ﺳﺮاج‬sarrāj saddler
‫ ﺳﺮوﺟﻲ‬surūjī saddler
‫ ﺳﺮوﺟﻴﺔ‬surūjīya saddlery, saddler’s trade
‫ اﺳﺮوﺟﺔ‬usrūja lie, falsehood
‫ ﻣﺴﺮﺟﺔ‬masraja pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎرج‬masārij2 lamp; lampstand
2 ‫ﺳﲑج‬look up alphabetically
3‫ ﺳﺮﺟﲔ‬sirjīn dung, manure
‫ ﺳـﺮح‬saraḥa a (‫ ﺳـﺮوح‬surūḥ) to move away, go away, leave; to roam freely;

to graze freely (cattle); to be distracted (mind); -- sariḥa a to proceed freely,
at will, without restraint | ‫وﻣـﺮح‬‫( ﺳـﺮح‬mariḥa) to do as one likes II to send (‫ﻫ ـ‬
cattle) to pasture; to send, dispatch (‫ ه‬s.o.); to let go (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dismiss (‫ ﻫﺎ‬a
woman by divorce); to grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) leave, dismiss (‫ ه‬s.o.); to release from
681
an office, discharge, fire (‫ ه‬s.o.); to release, set free (‫ ه‬s.o.); to let (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
eyes) wander; to demobilize, disband (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an army); to dispel s.o.’s (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬
worries (also ‫ ;)ﺳـﺮح ﻏﻤﻮﻣـﻪ‬to comb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the hair) |‫( ﺳـﺮح ﺷـﻌﺮﻩ‬ša‘rahū) to comb
one’s hair, do one’s hair; ‫( ﺳـﺮح ﻧﻈـﺮﻩ‬naẓarahū) to set one’s eyes on (‫ )اﱃ‬VII
‫( اﻧﺴـﺮح ﻳﻔﻜـﺮ‬yufakkiru) to be deep in thought, be absent-minded, allow one’s
thoughts to wander
‫ ﺳـﺮاح‬sarāh dismissal (of a woman by divorce); release |‫ اﻃﻠـﻖ ﺳـﺮح‬aṭlaqa
sarāḥahū to release s.o., set s.o. free, set s.o. at liberty; ‫ اﻃـﻼق ﺳـﺮاﺣﻪ‬iṭlāq s.
his release; ‫اﻟﺴﺮاح‬
‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬muṭlaq as-s. free, at large
‫ ﺳﺮﻳﺢ‬sarīḥ and ‫ ﺋﻊ ﺳﺎرح‬hawker, peddler
‫ ﺳﺮﺣﺎن‬sirḥān wolf
‫ ﻣﺴـﺮح‬masraḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎرح‬masāriḥ2 pasture; stage, theater; scene | ‫ﻣﺴـﺮح‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬theater
‫ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻲ‬masraḥī dramatic, theatrical, stage (adj.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻴﺔ‬masraḥīya pl. -āt (stage) play
‫ ﺗﺴـﺮﻳﺢ‬tasrīḥ dismissal; discharge; release; demobilization; (pl. ‫ﺗﺴـﺎرﻳﺢ‬
tasārīḥ2) permission, authorization
‫ ﺗﺴﺮﳛﺔ‬tasrīḥa pl. -āt hairdo, coiffure
‫ﺳــﺎرح‬ sāriḥ: ‫ﺳــﺎرح ﻣــﺎرح‬ grazing freely, roaming freely; free and
unrestrained; ‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬
‫ ﺳﺎرح‬sāriḥ al-fikr distracted, absentminded
‫ ﻣﻨﺴـﺮح‬munsariḥ: ‫ اﳌﻨﺴـﺮح‬name of a poetic meter |‫ﻣﻨﺴـﺮح اﻟﻔﻜـﺮ‬ m. al-fikr
distracted, absent-minded
‫ ﺳﺎروخ‬sārūk pl. ‫ ﺳﻮارﻳﺦ‬sawārīk2 rocket
‫ ﺳـﺮد‬sarada u (sard) to pierce, perforate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to carry on, continue (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., e.g., a conversation); to tell off one after another, enumerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬facts,
events); to present, quote, detail, set forth neatly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to pierce,
perforate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳـﺮد‬sard enumeration; mentioning, quoting; neat, detailed presentation;
recital, presentation, rendition (of an account, of a narrative, etc.); coherent,
logical
682
‫ ﺳﺮﻳﺪة‬sarīda: ‫ ﺳﺮﻳﺪة اﳌﻮﻟﺪ‬s. al-maulid discourse dealing with the birth of the
Prophet (during celebration of Mohammed’s birthday; tun.)
O ‫ ﻣﺴﺮد‬masrad index (of a book)
‫ ﺳـﺮداب‬sirdāb pl. ‫ ﺳـﺮادب‬sarādib2, ‫ ﺳـﺮادﻳﺐ‬sarādīb2 subterranean vault,
cellar; basement, basement flat
‫ ﺳﺮدار‬sirdār (formerly Eg.) supreme commander; commanding general
‫ ﺳﺮادق‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳﺮدوك‬sardūk pl. ‫ ﺳﺮادﻳﻚ‬sarādīk2 rooster, cock (magr.)
‫ ﺳﺮدﻳﻦ‬sardīn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sardines
‫ ﺳﺮاس‬sirās and ‫ ﺳﲑاس‬see ‫( ﺳﲑاس‬alphabetically)
‫ ﺳﺮﺳﺎم‬sirsām a cerebral disease
1‫ ﺳـﺮط‬sariṭa a (saraṭ, ‫ ﺳـﺮﻃﺎن‬saraṭān) and saraṭa u i to swallow, gulp (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) V and VIII do.
‫ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن‬saraṭān pl. -āt crayfish; cancer (med.); Cancer (astron.) | ‫ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﲝـﺮي‬
(baḥrī) lobster
Confidential
2‫ ﺳﺮاط‬sirāṭ = ‫ﺻﺮاط‬
‫ ﺳـﺮع‬saru‘a u (sirā‘, sarā‘, ‫ ﺳـﺮﻋﺔ‬sur‘a) to be quick, fast, prompt, rapid; to

hurry II to urge (‫ ه‬s.o.) to hurry; to urge on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal); to speed up,
accelerate, expedite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash (‫ اﱃ‬to); to
make a beeline (‫ اﱃ‬for); to hurry (‫ ﰲ‬in, with), hasten (j to do s.th.), do in a

hurry (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to rush, plunge with undue haste (‫ ﰲ‬into) IV to be quick,
fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash (‫ اﱃ‬to); to hurry (‫ ب‬or ‫ﰲ‬
with. in), hasten (‫ ب‬or j to do s.th.), do in a hurry (‫ ب‬or ‫ﰲ‬ s.th.); to
accelerate, speed up, expedite (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash (‫اﱃ‬
to); to hurry (‫ ب‬or j with, in), hasten (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬to do s.th.), do in a hurry (‫ب‬
or j s.th.); to be hasty, be rash (‫ ب‬or j in) VI to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash
(‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ﺳﺮع‬sur‘, sir‘ pl. ‫ اﺳﺮاع‬asrā‘ reins
‫ ﺳﺮع‬sur‘a speed, velocity, pace; fastness, rapidity, quickness, promptness;
hurry, haste |‫اﳋﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬presence of mind; ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬credulity
683
‫ ﺳـﺮﻋﺎن ﻣـﺎ‬sar‘āna, sir‘āna, sur‘āna ma (with foll. verb) how quickly ...!;
soon, before long, presently, in no time
‫ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ‬sarī‘ pl. ‫ ﺳـﺮﻋﺎن‬sur‘ān, ‫ ﺳـﺮاع‬sirā‘ fast, quick, prompt, rapid, speedy,
expeditious, swift, nimble; ‫ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬name of a poetic meter; express train; ‫ﺳـﺮﻳﻌﺎ‬
sarī‘an fast, quickly, rapidly, speedily, promptly |‫اﻟﺘـﺄﺛﺮ‬ ‫ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ‬s. at-ta’attur easy
to impress, easily affected, sensitive; ‫ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ اﳋﺎﻃﺮ‬quick-witted; O ‫ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ اﻟـﱰدد‬s.
at-taraddud high-frequency (el.); ‫ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ اﻟـﺰوال‬s. az-zawal ephemeral, fleeting,
transient; ‫ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﺼـﺪﻳﻖ‬credulous; ‫ )ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﻄﻠـﻖ )اﻟﻄﻠﻘـﺎت‬s. al-ṭalq quick-firing,
rapid-fire; ‫ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﻌﻄـﺐ‬ s. al-‘aṭab fragile; ‫ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﻨﻘـﻞ‬ s. at-tanaqqul mobile,
maneuverable, easily manageable
‫ اﺳــﺮع‬asra’2 faster, quicker, more rapid |‫ ﻣــﺎ اﺳــﺮع ان راﻳﺘــﻪ‬mā asra‘a an
ra’aituhū before long I saw him, it did not take very long before I saw him
‫ ﺳﺮاﻋﺎ‬sirā‘an quickly, in a hurry
‫ اﺳﺮاع‬isrā‘ acceleration, speed-up; hurry
‫ ﺗﺴﺮع‬tasarru‘ hurry, haste; hastiness, rashness precipitance
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺘﺴﺮع‬mutasarri‘ quick, fast, prompt, rapid; hasty, rash, precipitate
‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺴﻜﺮ‬see ‫ﺳﺮ‬
‫ ﺳـﺮف‬IV to exceed all bounds, be immoderate, be extravagant (‫ ﰲ‬in, at)
exaggerate, overdo (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to waste, squander, dissipate, spend lavishly
(‫ﰲ‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., esp. money)

‫ ﺳـﺮف‬saraf and ‫ اﺳـﺮاف‬isrāf intemperance, immoderateness, exaggeration;
waste, dissipation, extravagance, prodigality
‫ ﻣﺴـﺮف‬musrif immoderate, intemperate, excessive; extravagant, wasteful,
prodigal
‫ ﺳﺮق‬saraqa i (saraq, sariq, ‫ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ‬saraqa, sariqa, ‫ ﺳﺮﻗﺎن‬sarqān) to steal, pilfer,
filch (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬from s.o. s.th.); to rob (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. of s.th.) II to
accuse of theft, call a thief (‫ ه‬s.o.) III ‫( ﺳﺎرق اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬naẓara) or ‫ ﺳـﺎرﻗﻪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬to
steal a glance at s.o., glance furtively at s.o.; ‫( ﺳـﺎرق اﻟﻨـﻮم‬nauma) to take a
short nap VII pass. of I VIII to steal, filch, pilfer (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. from s.o.); to
684
steal (‫ اﱃ‬into) |‫اﻟﺴــﻤﻊ‬ ‫( اﺳــﱰق‬sam‘a) to eavesdrop; to monitor (radio,

telephone, etc.); ‫ اﺳﱰق اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻴﻪ = ﺳﺎرق اﻟﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻴﻪ; اﺳﱰق اﻷﻧﻔﺎس‬to gasp, pant
‫ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ‬sariqa stealing, filching, pilfering; robbery; (pl. -āt) theft, larceny
‫ ﺳﺮاق‬sarrāq thief
‫ ﺳـﺎرق‬sāriq pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺳـﺮﻗﺔ‬saraqa, ‫ ﺳـﺮاق‬surrāq, f. ‫ ﺳـﺎرﻗﺔ‬sāriqa pl. ‫ﺳـﻮارق‬
sawāriq thief
‫ ﻣﺴﺮوﻗﺎت‬masrūqāt stolen goods
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﺮق‬musariq: ‫ ﻣﻨﺴﺮق اﻟﻘﻮة‬m. al-qūwa debilitated, exhausted
‫ ﺳﺮﻗﺴﻄﺔ‬sarqusṭa2 Zaragoza (city in NE Spain)
‫ ﺳﺮﻗﲔ‬sirqīn dung, manure
1‫( ﺳﺮك‬Fr. cirque) sirke circus
2 ‫(ﺳﺮﻛﻲ‬Turk. sergi) sarkī (com.) bill of exchange payable to the bearer

‫ ﺳﺮم‬surm pl. asrām anus
‫ ﺳﺮم‬sarmad endless duration, eternity
‫ ﺳﺮﻣﺪي‬sarmadī eternal, without beginning or end
Confidential
‫ ﺳﺮﻧﺪﻳﺐ‬sarandīb2 Ceylon
1 ‫ﺳـﺮو‬sarw (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬evergreen cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.;
bot.)
2 ‫ﺳـﺮو‬II (‫ﻋـﻦ ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬ or) ‫ﺳـﺮى ﻋﻨـﻪ‬ to rid s.o. of worries, and the like, dispel
s.o.’s worries (also ‫ ﻫ ـ‬worries); pass. ‫ ﺳـﺮي ﻋﻨـﻪ‬and ‫( ﺳـﺮى ﻋـﻦ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬suriya) to
leave s.o. (grief, sorrow, fear, and the like); to regain one’s composure, reel
at peace again (after anger, fear or excitement); his anxiety or unrest left
him; he found relaxation; he was cheered up, his spirits were raised VII
‫( اﻧﺴﺮى ﻋﻨﻪ = ﺳﺮي ﻋﻨﻪ‬surriya)
‫ ﺳﺮي‬sarīy pl. ‫ ﺳﺮواء‬surawā’2, ‫ اﺳـﺮ ء‬asriyā’2, ‫ ﺳـﺮاة‬sarāh high-ranking, high;
high-minded, noble; distinguished personality, notable; pl. ‫ ﺳﺮاة‬elite, leading
class, the upper crust; see 1‫ﺳﺮى‬
‫ ﺳـﺮاة‬sarāh pl. ‫ ﺳـﺮروات‬sarawāt hill; back; chief, head; see also ‫ ﺳـﺮى‬sarīy
|‫اﻟﻘﻮم‬ ‫ ﺳﺮوات‬s. al-qaum the leaden of the people
‫ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬tasriya pl. -āt diversion, amusement, pastime
685
‫ ﺳـﺮوﻻ‬sirwāl, ‫ ﺳـﺮاوﻳﻞ‬sirwāl pl. ‫ ﺳـﺮاوﻳﻞ‬sarāwīl2 trousers, pants; drawers;

panties
1‫ ﺳﺮى‬sarā i (‫ ﺳﺮى‬suran, ‫ن‬ ‫ ﺳﺮ‬sarayān, ‫ ﻣﺴـﺮى‬masran) to travel by night; to
set out, depart by night; to circulate; to flow (electric current); to emanate,
go out (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to spread; to be valid, have validity, be effective, be in, or
come into, force (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for). have or take effect (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to apply. be
applicable (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to penetrate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), enter deeply (‫ ﰲ‬into); to pervade
(‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬‫ اﱃ‬s.o.’s soul, of a feeling) |‫( ﺳـﺮى ﺳـﺮاﻩ‬surāhu) to traverse one’s nightly
course; ‫( ﺳـﺮى ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟـﻪ‬maf‘ūluhū) to be valid, be effective, be in force IV to
travel by night; to make (‫ ب‬s.o.) travel by night V ‫ ﺗﺴﺮى‬see 2‫ ﺳﺮ‬sarra V
‫ ﺳـﺮى‬sarīy pl. ‫ اﺳـﺮﻳﺔ‬asriya, ‫ ﺳـﺮ ن‬suryān little creek, brook; see also under
2‫ﺳﺮو‬
‫ ﺳـﺮﻳﺔ‬sariya pl. ‫ ﺳـﺮا‬sarāyā (military) detachment, flying column, raiding

party; company (mil.) |‫ﺧﻴﺎﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺳـﺮﻳﺔ‬ (kayyāla) cavalry squadron; ‫ﺳـﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻄـﺎﺋﺮات‬
Confidential
squadron of aircraft
‫ ﺳﺮ ن‬sarayān spread, diffusion; validity, effectiveness, coming into force
‫ ﻣﺴـﺮى‬masran: ‫ ﻣﺴـﺮى ﷴ‬masrā muḥammad the point of departure for
Mohammed’s midnight journey to the seven heavens, i.e., Jerusalem
‫ اﺳﺮاء‬isrā’ nocturnal journey; ‫ اﻻﺳـﺮاء‬Mohammed’s midnight journey to the
seven heavens
‫ ﺳـﺎر‬sārin pl. ‫ ﺳـﺮاة‬surāh traveling by night; night reveler, night hawk;
contagious (disease); in force, effective, valid |‫اﳌﻔﻌــﻮل‬ ‫ﺳــﺎرى‬ in force,
effective, valid
‫ ﺳـﺎرﻳﺔ‬sāriya a mood or atmosphere which prevails in, or pervades, a room
(e.g., ‫ﺳـﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﳉﻬﺎﻣـﺔ‬ an all-pervading gloom); -- (pl. -āt, ‫ﺳـﻮار‬ sawārin)
column; shipmast
2‫ ﺳﺮاى‬and ‫ ﺳﺮاﻳﺔ‬look up alphabetically
3‫ن‬ ‫ ﺳﺮ‬suryān Syrians (coll.) members of the East Syrian Church

‫ ﺳﺮ ﱐ‬suryānī Syriac, Syrian; a member of the East Syrian Church
‫ ﺳﺮ وران‬saryāwarān (formerly) adjutant general
‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺒﺎن‬look up alphabetically
686
1‫ اﺳﻄﺒﺔ‬look up alphabetically
2‫ ﻣﺴـﻄﺒﺔ‬masṭaba, misṭaba pl. ‫ﻣﺴـﺎﻃﺐ‬ masāṭib2 stone bench (against a

wall); mastaba
‫ ﺳﻄﺢ‬saṭaḥa u (saṭḥ) to spread out, spread, unfold, unroll (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to level,
even, plane, flatten, make smooth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to throw to the ground, fell (‫ه‬
s.o.) II to spread out, spread, unfold, unroll (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) ;: to level, even, plane,
flatten, make smooth (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to be spread out, be unfolded; to be leveled,
be evened; to lie down on one’s back VII to be spread out. be unfolded; to
lie flat on one’s back, be supine
‫ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬saṭḥ pl. ‫ ﺳـﻄﻮح‬suṭūḥ surface (also geom.); plane (geom.); (pl. also
‫ اﺳـﻄﺤﺔ‬asṭiḥa, ‫ اﺳـﻄﺢ‬asṭuḥ) (flat) roof, terrace; deck (of a ship); ‫ ﺳـﻄﻮح‬suṭūḥ
(eg., syr.) roof terrace | ‫ ﺳـﻄﺢ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬s. al-baḥr sea level; ‫ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﺋـﻞ‬inclined
plane
‫ ﺳـﻄﺤﻲ‬saṭḥī external, outer, outward, outside, exterior; flat; superficial;
‫ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺎت‬saṭḥīyāt externals, superficialities
Confidential
‫ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬satḥīya flatness; superficiality
‫ ﺳﻄﻴﺢ‬saṭīḥ flat, spread out, stretched out, supine
‫ ﻣﺴﻄﺎح‬misṭāḥ threshing floor
‫ ﻣﺴـﻄﺢ‬musaṭṭaḥ even, level, flat; (pl. -āt) surface |‫( ﻗـﺪم ﻣﺴـﻄﺤﺔ‬qadam) flat
foot
1‫ ﺳـﻄﺮ‬saṭara u (saṭr) and II to rule (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), draw lines (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on a sheet of
paper); to write, jot down, record (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to draw up, compose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳﻄﺮ‬saṭr, saṭar pl. ‫ ﺳﻄﻮر‬suṭūr, ‫ اﺳﻄﺮ‬asṭur, ‫ اﺳﻄﺎر‬asṭār line; row
‫ ﺳﺎﻃﻮر‬sāṭūr pl. ‫ ﺳﻮاﻃﲑ‬sawāṭīr2 cleaver
‫ اﺳـﻄﻮرة‬usṭūra pl. ‫ اﺳـﺎﻃﲑ‬asāṭīr2 fable, legend, saga, myth; fabulous story,
yarn
‫ اﺳﻄﻮرى‬usṭūrī mythical, legendary, fabulous
‫ ﻣﺴـﻄﺮة‬misṭara pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻃﺮ‬masāṭir2 ruler; underlines, guideline sheet; see
also alphabetically |O ‫اﳊﺴﺎب‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﻄﺮة‬slide rule
‫ ﻣﺴﻄﺎر‬misṭār trowel
‫ ﻣﺴﻄﺮﻳﻦ‬masṭarīn (eg.) trowel
687
‫ ﺗﺴﻄﲑ‬tasṭīr writing down, recording

‫ ﻣﺴﻄﺮ‬musaṭṭar piece of writing, paper, document
2‫ ﺳﻴﻄﺮ‬and derivatives look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳـﻄﻊ‬saṭa‘a a (saṭ‘, ‫ ﺳـﻄﻮع‬suṭū‘) to rise; to spread (dust, fragrance); to

shine, be brilliant, be radiant; to be or become manifest, obvious, plain, clear
‫ ﺳﻄﻊ‬saṭ‘ brilliance, radiance, glow; brightness, luminosity
‫ ﺳﻄﻊ‬saṭa‘ thump, thud, plump
‫ ﺳﻄﻮع‬suṭū‘ brilliance, radiance, glow; brightness, luminosity
‫ اﺳﻄﻊ‬asṭa‘ more brilliant, brighter; clearer, more obvious
‫ ﺳـﺎﻃﻊ‬sāṭi‘ pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮاﻃﻊ‬sawāṭi‘2 radiant, brilliant, shining, luminous, bright;
manifest, obvious, clear, plain, patent, evident (proof)
‫ ﺳﻄﻞ‬saṭala u (saṭl) to intoxicate (s.o.) VII to become or be intoxicated
‫ ﺳﻄﻞ‬saṭl pl. ‫ اﺳﻄﺎل‬asṭāl, ‫ ﺳﻄﻮل‬suṯūl bucket, pail (of wood or metal)
2‫ اﺳﻄﻮل‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳﻄﺎم‬sitām plug, stopper
Confidential
‫ )ﺳـﻄﻮ )ﺳـﻄﻮ‬saṭā u (saṭw, ‫ ﺳـﻄﻮ‬saṭwa) to rush, pounce, jump (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
upon), assail, attack (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to burglarize (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬place), break into a
place (‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﺳﻄﻮ‬saṭw attack, assault; burglary, housebreaking
‫ ﺳـﻄﻮة‬saṭwa pl. saṭawāt attack, assault; influence, authority; presumption,
cockiness, pride, power, strength
‫ اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳﻌﺔ‬sa‘a see ‫وﺳﻊ‬
‫ ﺳﻌﱰ‬sa‘tar (= ‫ )ﺻﻌﱰ‬wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum; bot.)
‫ ﺳـﻌﺪ‬sa‘ida a and pass. su‘ida (sa‘d, ‫ ﺳـﻌﺎدة‬sa‘āda) to be happy, lucky,
fortunate; pass. ‫ﺳـﻌﺪ ب‬ (su‘ida) to have the good fortune of receiving or
sharing s.th. III to help, aid, assist (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in, with), give s.o. (‫ )ه‬a
hand (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in); to support, back (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. in); to contribute, be
conducive (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ,‫ ل‬to); to favor, encourage (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) IV to make
happy (‫ ه‬s.o); to help (‫ ه‬s.o) | ‫ )اﺳﻌﺪ اﳊﻆ ب )اﳊﻆ‬he had the good fortune to
...
688
‫ ﺳﻌﺪ‬sa‘d pl. ‫ ﺳﻌﻮد‬su‘ūd good luck, good fortune

‫اﳍﻴﺌـﺔ اﻟﺴـﻌﺪﻳﺔ‬ al-hai’a as-sa‘dīya the Saadist union (formerly a political
movement in Egypt); ‫اﻟﺴـﻌﺪﻳﻮن‬ as-sa‘dīyūn the Saadists, the followers of
Saad Zaghlūl (1856-1927)
‫ ﺳﻌﺪ‬su‘d Cyperus (bot.)
‫ ﺳـﻌﻴﺪ‬sa‘īd pl. ‫ ﺳـﻌﺪاء‬su‘adā’ happy (‫ ب‬about, at); radiant, blissful; lucky,
auspicious; felicitous | ‫اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬s. ad-dikr of blessed memory, the late ...
‫ ﺳـﻌﺎدة‬sa‘āda happiness; bliss, felicity; good fortune, success, prosperity,
welfare; title of a pasha; sa‘ādat … (with foll. name) title of high officials
(syr., Leb.) |‫ ﺳـﻌﺎدﺗﻜﻢ‬Your Grace (form of address to a pasha); ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ اﻟﺴﻌﺎدة‬title of a pasha; ‫“ دار اﻟﺴﻌﺎدة‬House of Bliss”, ancient name of Istanbul
‫ ﺳﻌﻮدي‬sa‘ūdī Saudi |‫( اﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬mamlaka) Saudi Arabia
‫ ﺳﻌﺪان‬sa‘dān pl. ‫ ﺳﻌﺎدﻳﻦ‬sa‘ādīn2 ape
‫ ﺳﻌﺪاﻧﺔ‬sa‘dāna pl. -āt nipple, teat |‫ ﺳﻌﺪاﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﺎب‬doorknob
Confidential
‫ اﺳﻌﺪ‬as‘ad2 happier, luckier
‫ ﻣﺴــﺎﻋﺪة‬musā‘ada pl. -āt support, backing, aid, help, assistance;
encouragement, promotion
‫ ﺳـﺎﻋﺪ‬sā‘id pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮاﻋﺪ‬sawā‘id2 forearm |‫( ﻫـﻮ ﺳـﺎﻋﺪﻩ اﻷﳝـﻦ‬aiman) he is his
right hand, he is indispensable to him; ‫اﺷــﺘﺪ ﺳـﺎﻋﺪﻩ‬ ištadda sā‘iduhū to
become strong, powerful; ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻩ‬ ‫( ﻓﺖ ﰲ‬fatta) to weaken s.o.

‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺪة‬sā‘ida pl. ‫ ﺳﻮاﻋﺪ‬sawā’id2 tributary
‫ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد‬mas‘ūd pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﻴﺪ‬masā‘īd2 happy, lucky, fortunate
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬musā‘id helper, help, aide; assistant (adj. end n.); adjutant
‫ ﻣﺴﻌﺪ‬mas‘ad favored by fortune, fortunate, lucky
‫ ﺳـﻌﺮ‬sa‘ara (sa‘r) to kindle, start (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a fire, a war); pass. su‘ira to flare up,
run mad II to kindle, start (‫ ﻫـ‬a fire, a war); to price (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), set a price (‫ ﻫـ‬on
s.th.); to quote on the stock market III to bargain, haggle over the price (‫ه‬
with s.o.) IV to kindle, light, start (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fire) V to bum, blaze; to flare up
(anger) VII to become mad, furious VIII to burn, flare, blaze; to break out
(fighting)
689
‫ ﺳﻌﺮ‬si‘r pl. ‫ اﺳﻌﺎر‬as‘ār price; rate; exchange rate, quotation (stock market)
|‫ﺳـﻌﺮ اﳋﺼـﻢ‬s. al-kaṣm discount rate, bank rate; ‫ ﺳـﻌﺮ اﻟﺘﺴـﻠﻴﻒ‬rate of interest;
‫ ﺳـﻌﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﺋـﺪة‬rate of interest; ‫ ﺳـﻌﺮ اﻟﻘﻄـﻊ‬s. al-qaṭ‘ discount rate, bank rate; ‫ﺳـﻌﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬s. al-qiṭ‘a price by the piece
‫ ﺳﻌﺮ‬su‘r madness; frenzy; voracity
‫ ﺳﻌﺮ‬su‘ur madness frenzy
‫ ﺳﻌﺎر‬su‘ār voracity
‫ ﺳﻌﲑ‬sa‘īr pl. ‫ ﺳﻌﺮ‬su’ur blazing flame, fire; blaze; bell, inferno
‫ ﻣﺴﻌﺮ‬mis‘ar pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺮ‬masā‘ir2 poker, fire iron
‫ ﻣﺴﻌﺎر‬mis‘ār pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﲑ‬masā‘īr2 poker, fire iron
‫ ﺗﺴﻌﲑ‬tas‘īr pricing, price fixing
‫ ﺗﺴـﻌﲑة‬tas‘īra pricing, price fixing | ‫ ﳉﻨـﺔ اﻟﺘﺴـﻌﲑة‬lajnat at-t. pricing, price-
fixing commission
‫ ﺗﺴﻌﺮة‬tas‘ira quotation (stock exchange)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺴﻌﻮر‬mas‘ūr mad, crazy
‫ ﺳﻌﻂ‬VIII to snuff (‫ ﻫـ‬tobacco)
‫ ﺳﻌﻮط‬sa‘ūṭ snuff
‫ ﻣﺴﻌﻂ‬mis‘aṭ snuffbox
‫ ﺳـﻌﻒ‬III to help, aid, support (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to comply with s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬wishes
(‫ ب‬for), humor (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. in), grant (‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.); to help, aid, assist (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ ﺳـﻌﻒ‬sa‘af (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt palm leaves | ‫ اﺣـﺪ اﻟﺴـﻌﻒ‬aḥad as-s. Palm
Sunday (Chr.)
‫ اﺳـﻌﺎف‬is‘āf pl. -āt aid, relief, help, assistance; medical service; ‫اﻻﺳـﻌﺎف‬
first-aid |‫ اﺳـﻌﺎف اﻟﻌﺠـﺰة‬i. al-‘ajaza care for the aged; ‫ ﲨﻌﻴـﺔ اﻻﺳـﻌﺎف‬jam‘īyat
al-i. approx.: civil ambulance service; ‫ رﺟــﺎل اﻹﺳــﻌﺎف‬first-aid men,
ambulance men; medical orderlies, hospital corpsmen; ‫ﺳــﻴﺎرة اﻹﺳــﻌﺎف‬

sayyārat al-i. ambulance
‫ ﺳﻌﻞ‬sa‘ala a (‫ ﺳﻌﻞ‬su‘la, ‫ ﺳﻌﻞ‬su‘al) to cough
‫ ﺳﻌﻠﺔ‬su‘la cough
690
‫ ﺳﻌﺎل‬su‘āl cough | ‫( اﻟﺴﻌﺎل اﻟﺪﻳﻜﻲ‬dīkī) whooping cough

‫ ﺳﻌﻠﻰ‬si‘lā pl. ‫ ﺳﻌﻠﻴﺎت‬si‘layāt female demon
‫ ﺳﻌﻼة‬si‘lāh pl. ‫ ﺳﻌﺎل‬sa‘ālin female demon
‫ اﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻦ‬abū su‘n marabou (zool.)
‫ ﺳـﻌﻰ‬sa‘ā a (sa‘y) to move quickly, run, speed; to move across the sky
(moon); to head, be headed (‫ اﱃ‬for), proceed (‫ اﱃ‬to or toward); to strive (‫ل‬
or ‫ اﱃ‬for), aspire (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to); to work (‫ل‬,‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ وراء‬for), endeavor, attempt,
make an effort (‫ وراء‬or ‫ ل‬,‫ اﱃ‬to get or achieve s.th.); to run after s.th. (‫)وراء‬,
pursue, chase (‫ وراء‬s.th.); to take stops (‫ ﰲ‬in a matter) | ‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﺳـﻌﻰ ﺑـﻪ‬to lead s.o.
‫( ﺳـﻌﻰ ﰲ اﻷرض ﻓﺴـﺎدا‬fī l-arḍi fasādan) to
or s.th. to ... ; spread evil, cause
universal harm and damage; ‫( ﺳـﻌﻰ ﳊﺘﻔـﻪ ﺑﻈﻠﻔـﻪ‬li-ḥatfihī bi-ẓifihī) to bring
about one’s own destruction, dig one’s own grave; ‫ﺳــﻌﻰ ﰲ ﺧـﺮاب اﻟﺸــﻲء‬
(karābi š-š.) to work at the ruin of s.th., undermine s.th.; -- sa‘ā a (‫ ﺳـﻌﻰ‬sa‘y,
Confidential
‫ ﺳـﻌﺎﻳﺔ‬si‘āya) to slander (‫ ب‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o), discredit (‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬or ‫ اﱃ ب‬s.o
with) VI to run about in confusion
‫ ﺳﻌﻰ‬sa‘y run, course; ‫ اﻟﺴﻌﻰ‬the ceremony of running seven times between
ṣafā and Marwa (performed during the Pilgrimage); effort, endeavor;
livestock
‫ ﺳﻌﺎﻳﺔ‬si‘āya slander, calumniation
‫ ﻣﺴﻌﻰ‬mas‘ān pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎع‬masā‘in effort, endeavor
‫ ﺳــﺎع‬sā‘in pl. –ūn, ‫ ﺳــﻌﺎة‬su‘āh messenger; office boy, delivery boy;
slanderer, calumniator | ‫اﻟﱪﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﻰ‬postman, mailman
‫ ﺳﻐﺐ‬sagiba (sagab) to hunger (‫ ل‬for), be or become hungry
‫ ﺳﻐﺐ‬sagab hunger, starvation
‫ ﺳﻐﺎﺑﺔ‬sagāba hunger, starvation
‫ ﻣﺴﻐﺒﺔ‬masgaba famine
‫ ﺳﺎﻏﺐ‬sāgib hungry, starving
‫ ﺳـﻒ‬IV to descend, link, slip, decline (fig.); to stoop (‫ اﱃ‬to, fig.) | ‫اﺳـﻒ‬
‫( اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬naẓara) to give s.o. a sharp look VIII to eat, swallow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. dry,
e.g., a medicinal powder)
691
‫ ﺳﻔﻮف‬safūf medicinal powder

‫ اﺳﻔﺎف‬isfāf decline (fig.); triviality
‫ ﺳﻔﺘﺠﺔ‬suftaja pl. safātij2 bill of exchange (com.)
‫ ﺳـﻔﺢ‬safaḥa a (safḥ, ‫ ﺳـﻔﻮح‬sufūḥ) to pour out, spill, shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) ill to
whore, fornicate (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to whore, fornicate
‫ ﺳﻔﺢ‬safḥ pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﻮح‬sufūḥ foot (of a mountain); pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﻮح‬flat, rocky surface
‫ ﺳﻔﺎح‬saffāḥ shedder of blood, killer, murderer
‫ ﺳﻔﺎح‬sifāḥ fornication
‫ ﺳـﻔﺪ‬safida a and safada i (‫ ﺳـﻔﺎد‬sifād) to cover, mount (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـﺎ‬the
female); to cohabit (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a woman) II to put on a skewer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬meat) ill to
cover, mount (‫ ﻫﺎ‬the female); to rohabit (‫ ﻫﺎ‬with a woman)
‫ ﺳﻔﻮد‬saffūd pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﺎﻓﻴﺪ‬safāfīd2 skewer, spit

‫ ﺳـﻔﺮ‬safara i (‫ ﺳـﻔﻮر‬sufūr) to remove the veil (‫‘ ﻋـﻦ وﺟﻬﻬـﺎ‬an wajhihā from
her face), unveil o.s.; -- safara i (safr) to shine, glow (aurora) II to unveil,
Confidential
uncover, disclose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to send on a journey, compel to leave, send away
(‫ ه‬s.o); to dispatch, send off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to embark, put on board (‫ه‬
passengers) III to travel, maim a trip; to leave, depart, go on a journey IV to
shine, glow (aurora, s.o.’s face, etc.); to disclose, unveil, uncover (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.);
to yield, achieve, bring (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to end (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with, in), result (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬in) VII to
rise, disappear (dust, clouds)
‫ اﻟﺴﻔﺮ‬as-sifr the travelers, the passengers
‫ ﺳﻔﺮ‬sifr pl. ‫ اﺳﻔﺎر‬asfār book (esp. one of the Scriptures)
‫ ﺳﻔﺮ‬safar departure; (pl. ‫ اﺳﻔﺎر‬asfār) journey, travel, trip, tour
‫ ﺳﻔﺮة‬safra pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﺮات‬safarāt journey, travel, trip, tour
‫ ﺳﻔﺮﻳﺔ‬safarīya pl. -āt journey, travel, trip, tour; departure
‫ ﺳﻔﺮة‬sufra pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﺮ‬sufar dining table
‫ ﺳﻔﺮﺟﻲ‬sufragī (eg.) pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﺮﺟﻴﺔ‬sufragīya waiter, steward
‫ ﺳــﻔﲑ‬safīr pl. ‫ ﺳــﻔﺮاء‬sufarā’ mediator (between contending parties);
ambassador (dipl.)
‫ ﺳﻔﻮر‬sufūr uncovering of the face (of a veiled woman); unveiling
692
‫ ﺳﻔﺎرة‬sifāra office or function of a mediator, mediation; embassy (dipl.)

‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬masāfir2 (pl.) part of the face not covered by the veil
‫ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ‬sāfir unveiled, wearing no veil; barefaced, conspicuous, obvious; (pl.
‫ ﺳﻔﺮة‬safara) scribe
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬musāfir pl. -ūn traveler; passenger; visiting stranger; guest
‫ ﺳﻔﺮﺟﻞ‬safarjal (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﺎرج‬quince (Cydonia; bot.)
‫ ﺳﻔﺴﻄﺔ‬safsaṭa sophistry; pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﺴﻄﺎت‬sophistries, casuistic arguments | ‫اﻫﻞ‬
‫ اﻟﺴﻔﺴﻄﺔ‬ahl as-s. the Sophists
‫ ﺳﻔﺴﻄﻲ‬safsaṭī sophistic; Sophist
‫ ﺳﻔﺴﺔ‬safsafa pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﺎﺳﻒ‬safāsif2 silly talk, nonsense; poor, inferior stuff
‫ ﺳﻔﺴـﺎف‬safsāf pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﺎﺳـﻒ‬safāsif2 silly, inane, trivial; poor, inferior |
‫ ﺳﻔﺴﺎف اﻷﻣﻮر‬poor, inferior stuff
‫ ﺳﻔﻂ‬safaṭ pl. ‫ اﺳﻔﺎط‬asfāt basket; scales (of fish)
‫ ﺳـﻔﻊ‬safa‘a a (saf‘) to scorch, parch, burn (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.’s skin; esp. of a
Confidential
hot wind); to flap the wings, flutter (bird); to strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o. with the
hand), slap (‫ ه‬s.o.); to lash (‫ ه‬s.th., e.g., of a storm)

‫ ﺳﻔﻊ‬saf‘ burned spot
‫ ﺳﻔﻌﺔ‬suf‘a pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﻊ‬sufa‘ black stain; dark spot, brown discoloration
‫ اﺳﻔﻊ‬asfa‘, f. ‫ ﺳﻔﻌﺎء‬saf‘ā’2 dark-brown
‫ ﺳﻔﻖ‬safaqa u (safq) to shut, bang, slam (‫ ﻫـ‬the door)
‫ ﺳـﻔﻚ‬safaka i (safk) to shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬blood) VI to murder each other VII to be
shed, flow (blood)
‫ ﺳﻔﻚ‬safk: ‫ ﺳﻔﻚ اﻟﺪﻣﺎء‬s. ad-dimā’ blood-shed
‫ ﺳﻔﺎك‬saffāk shedder of blood; blood-shedding
‫ ﺳـﻔﻞ‬safala u (‫ ﺳـﻔﻮل‬sufūl, ‫ ﺳـﻔﺎل‬safāl) and safila a to be low; to be below
s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬-- safala u to turn downward; -- safula u (‫ ﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺔ‬safāla) and safala u
(safl) to be low, base, despicable V to abase o.s., sink low, go from bad to
worse; to act in a base manner
‫ ﺳﻔﻞ‬sufl lowest part of s.th., bottom
‫ ﺳﻔﻠﻰ‬suflī lower, at the bottom; low
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‫ ﺳﻔﻠﺔ‬sifla: ‫ ﺳﻔﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس‬s. an-nās lowly people, riffraff

‫ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﺔ‬safāla lowness; lowliness; baseness, ignominy, despicableness
‫ ﺳﻔﺎﻟﺔ‬safāla lowest part
‫ اﺳـﻔﻞ‬asfal2, f. ‫ ﺳـﻔﻠﻰ‬suflā, pl. ‫ اﺳـﺎﻓﻞ‬asāfil2 lower; lowest; lower or lowest
part, bottom; ‫اﺳـﻔﻞ‬ asfala (prep.) under, underneath, below | ‫اﻷرض اﻟﺴـﻔﻠﻰ‬
(arḍ) the nether world; ‫ﺳﺎﻓﻠﲔ‬ ‫ ردﻩ اﺳﻔﻞ‬raddahū asfala sāfilīn to reduce s.o. to
the lowest level or status
‫ ﺳﺎﻓﻞ‬sāfil pl. ‫ ﺳﻔﻠﺔ‬safala low; lowly; base, mean, despicable
‫ ﺳﻔﻠﺖ‬saflata to cover with asphalt, to asphalt
‫ اﺳﻔﻠﺖ‬asfalt asphalt
‫ ﺳﻔﻠﻘﺔ‬saflaqa sponging
‫ ﺳﻔﻼق‬siflāq sponger
1‫ ﺳﻔﻦ‬safan coarse hide used for polishing; emery paper, sandpaper
2‫ ﺳﻔﲔ‬safīn ships (coll.); ship; see also alphabetically
‫ ﺳـﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬safīna pl. ‫ ﺳـﻔﻦ‬sufun, ‫ ﺳـﻔﺎﺋﻦ‬safā’i2 ship, vessel, boat; ‫ اﻟﺴـﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬Argo
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(astron.) |‫ﻣﺪﻓﻌﻴــﺔ‬
training ship
‫ﺳــﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬ (midfa‘īya) gunboat;
‫ ﺳﻔﺎن‬saffān shipbuilder, shipwright

‫ﺳــﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻌﻠــﻴﻢ‬ and ‫ﺳــﻔﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺘــﺪرﻳﺲ‬
‫ ﺳﻔﺎﻧﺔ‬sifāna (art or trade of) shipbuilding

3 ‫اﺳﻔﲔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳﻔﻨﺞ‬safanj, sifanj and ‫ اﺳﻔﻨﺞ‬isfanj sponge
‫ ﺳﻔﻪ‬safiha a (safah) and safuha u (‫ ﺳﻔﺎﻫﺔ‬safāha) to be stupid, silly, foolish;
to be impudent, insolent II to call (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.) stupid or foolish; to
declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) legally incompetent; to depreciate, put down as inferior (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) | ‫ﺳـﻔﻪ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to make a fool of o.s.; ‫( ﺳـﻔﻪ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬wajhahū) to expose s.o.,
show s.o. up, make a fool of s.o., bring s.o. in discredit, disgrace s.o.,
dishonor s.o. VI to pretend to be stupid or foolish
‫ ﺳـﻔﻪ‬safah foolishness, stupidity, silliness; impudence, shamelessness,
insolence
‫ ﺳـﻔﻴﻪ‬safīh pl. ‫ ﺳـﻔﻬﺎء‬sufahā’2, ‫ ﺳـﻔﺎﻩ‬sifāh foolish, stupid, silly; fool; an
incompetent (Isl. Law); impudent, shameless, insolent; insolent fellow
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‫ ﺳـﻔﺎﻫﺔ‬safāha foolishness, stupidity, silliness; impudence, shamelessness,

insolence
‫ ﺳﻔﻰ‬safā i (safy) to raise and scatter (‫ ﻫـ‬the dust; said of the wind) IV do.
‫ ﺳﺎﻓﻴﺎء‬sāfiyā’2 dust
‫ ﻣﺴﻔﻰ‬masfan s.th. whirled up; play-thing, sport (fig.)
‫ ﺳﻔﲔ‬safīn wedge
‫ ﺳﻘﺎرة‬sigāra = ‫ ﺳﺠﺎرة‬cigarette
‫( ﺳﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬It. scala) saqāla scaffold
‫ ﺳﻘﺮ‬saqar2 f. hell
‫ ﺳﻘﺮاط‬suqrāṭ2 Socrates
‫ ﺳﻘﺴﻘﺔ‬saqsaqa chirping, cheeping, peeping (e.g., of sparrows)
‫ ﺳـﻘﻂ‬saqaṭa u (‫ ﺳـﻘﻮط‬suqūṭ, ‫ ﻣﺴـﻘﻂ‬masqaṭ) to fall (also = to be killed in
action); to fall down, drop; to tumble, trip, slip; to fall out (hair); to sink
down (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on, to); to hit, stumble (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon), come across s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to
find (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to get, come (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), reach (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to decline, sink,
Confidential
drop (standard); to become null and void, be abolished, be canceled; to be
dropped, be omitted, drop out; to be missing; to escape (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.), slip (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
s.o.’s memory) | ‫)ﻓﻠﻴﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫ )ﻟﻴﺴﻘﻂ‬li-yasquṭ (fal-yasquṭ) down with …! ‫ﺳـﻘﻂ ﺑـﻪ‬
to drop s.o. or s.th.; ‫ ﺳـﻘﻂ اﻟـﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻨـﻪ اﻧـﻪ‬they had had word from him that he ...;
‫( ﺳـﻘﻂ رأﺳـﻪ ﰲ‬ra’suh) he was born in ..., his birthplace was …; ‫ﺳـﻘﻂ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫‘( اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬uḍwīya) to be dropped from membership; ‫‘( ﺳﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬ainaihī) to
drop in s.o.’s estimation; ‫ ﺳﻘﻂ ﰲ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬to fail an examination, flunk; ‫ﺳﻘﻂ‬
‫ ﰲ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬suqiṭa fī yadihī to stand aghast, be at a loss, be bewildered IV to let
fall, drop (‫ه‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) tumble, cause s.o. (‫ )ه‬to slip; to
overthrow, bring down, topple, fell (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to fail, flunk (‫ ه‬s.o. in
an examination); to shoot down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an aircraft); to deduct, subtract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
number); to eliminate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to have a miscarriage, miscarry; to
bring about a miscarriage (woman); to slink (‫ ﻫـ‬its young one; animal) | ‫اﺳﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫( ﻣـﻦ اﳉﻨﺴـﻴﺔ‬jinsīya) to deprive s.o. of his citizenship; ‫( اﺳـﻘﻂ ﺣﻘـﻪ ﰲ‬ḥaqqahū)
to forfeit one’s right in s.th., waive one’s claim to s.th.; ‫( اﺳـﻘﻂ دﻋـﻮى‬da‘wā)
695
to quash a complaint, nonsuit a case; to withdraw or drop a complaint; ‫اﺳﻘﻂ‬

‫( اﻟﺸـﻌﺮ‬ša‘ra) to cause loss of hair; ‫ اﺳـﻘﻂ ﰲ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬usqiṭa fī yadihī = ‫ﺳـﻘﻂ ﰲ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬
saqaṭa fī yadihī V to learn gradually, pick up information (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬about s.th.
from); to hunt for scraps | ‫ﺗﺴـﻘﻂ اﻷﺧﺒـﺎر‬ to gather information VI to fall
down, come down, collapse; to fall successively or gradually; to fall out
(hair); to come gradually (‫ اﱃ‬to), arrive one by one (‫ اﱃ‬at); to roll, drip (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
off); to dribble | ‫ﺗﺴــﺎﻗﻂ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴــﻪ‬ to break down, collapse; ‫ﺗﺴــﺎﻗﻂ ﺣﻄﺎﻣــﺎ‬
(ḥuṭāman) to go to ruin, disintegrate
‫ ﺳﻘﻂ‬saqṭ dew
‫ ﺳﻘﻂ‬siqṭ miscarried fetus
‫ ﺳﻘﻂ‬saqṭ, siqṭ, suqṭ sparks flying from a flint
‫ ﺳـﻘﻂ‬saqaṭ pl. ‫ اﺳـﻘﺎط‬asqāṭ any worthless thing; offal, refuse, rubbish,
trash; junk | ‫اﳌﺘﺎع‬ ‫ ﺳﻘﻂ‬s. al-matā‘ waste, scrap(s)
‫ ﺳﻘﻄﻰ‬saqaṭī junk dealer, ragman
‫ ﺳـﻘﻄﺔ‬saqṭa pl. saqaṭāt fall, tumble, plunge; oversight, slip, error, mistake |
Confidential
‫ ﺳﻘﻄﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬misprints, errata
‫ ﺳﻘﻮط‬suqūṭ fall, tumble; crash (of an airplane); collapse, breakdown, ruin;
decline, downfall, fall; devolution (of a right); slip, lapse | ‫اﻟﺸـﻌﺮ‬ ‫ ﺳـﻘﻮط‬s. aš-
ša‘r loss of hair; ‫اﻷﻣﻄﺎر‬ ‫ ﺳﻘﻮط‬rainfall
‫ ﺳﻘﻴﻂ‬saqīṭ hail
‫ ﺳﻘﺎﻃﺔ‬saqqāṭa, (eg.) suqqāṭa door latch
‫ ﻣﺴـﻘﻂ‬masqaṭ, masqiṭ pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻗﻂ‬masāqiṭ2 place where a falling object
lands; waterfall | ‫( ﻣﺴـﻘﻂ اﻓﻘـﻲ‬ufqī) ground plan, horizontal section; ‫ﻣﺴـﻘﻂ‬
‫رأﺳـﻲ‬ (ra’sī) front elevation, vertical section (arch.); ‫ﻣﺴـﻘﻂ اﻟـﺮأس‬ m. ar-ra’s
birthplace, home
‫ ﺳﻘﻂ‬masqaṭ2 Muscat (seaport and capital of Oman)
‫ اﺳــﻘﺎط‬isqāṭ overthrow; shooting down (of an aircraft); miscarriage,
abortion; deduction, subtraction; rebate | ‫( اﻻﺳــﻘﺎط ﻣــﻦ اﳉﻨﺴــﻴﺔ‬jinsīya)
abrogation of citizenship; gation of citizenship; ‫( اﺳـﻘﺎط ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻧـﻚ‬qīmat al-
f.) devaluation of the franc
696
‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬tasāqut loss (of hair) | ‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ اﻟﺜﻠﻮج‬snowfall

‫ ﺳـﺎﻗﻂ‬sāqiṭ pl. ‫ ﺳـﻘﺎط‬saqāṭ fallen; base, mean, vile; disreputable, notorious
(district); omitted, missing; forgotten
‫ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ‬sāqiṭa scrap; (pl. -āt) fallen woman, harlot
‫ ﺳﻘﻄﺮاء‬suqṭrā’2 Socotra (island, S of Arabia)
‫ ﺳﻘﻊ‬saqa‘a a (saq‘) to slap, clap (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺴﻘﻌﺔ‬musaqqa‘a (eg.) dish of eggplant and meat
1 ‫ﺳﻘﻒ‬II to provide with a roof or ceiling, roof over (‫ ه‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳـﻘﻒ‬saqf pl. ‫ ﺳـﻘﻮف‬suqūf, ‫ ﺳـﻘﻒ‬suquf, ‫ اﺳـﻘﻒ‬asquf roof; ceiling | ‫ﺳـﻘﻒ‬
‫ اﳊﻠﻖ‬s. al-ḥalq palate
‫ ﺳـﻘﻴﻔﺔ‬saqīfa pl. ‫ﺳـﻘﺎﺋﻒ‬ saqā’if roofed passage; roofed gallery; roofing,
shelter
‫ ﺗﺴﻘﻴﻒ‬tasqīf roofing
‫ ﻣﺴﻘﻮف‬masqūf roofed, covered (‫ ب‬with)
2 ‫اﺳﻘﻒ‬asquf pl. ‫ اﺳﺎﻗﻔﺔ‬asāqifa look up alphabetically
Confidential
‫ ﺳﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳﻘﻠﺐ‬saqlaba to throw down (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺳﻘﻠﱯ‬saqlabī pl. ‫ ﺳﻘﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬saqāliba Slav; Slavic
‫ ﺳـﻘﻢ‬saqima a (saqam) and saquma u (suqm, ‫ ﺳـﻘﺎم‬saqām) to be or become
sick, ill, ailing; to become thin, lean, skinny; to be poor, meager, measly II
to make sick (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II
‫ ﺳﻘﻢ‬suqm pl. ‫ اﺳﻘﺎم‬asqām illness, sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness
‫ ﺳﻘﻢ‬saqam pl. ‫ اﺳﻘﺎم‬asqām illness; sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness
‫ ﺳﻘﺎم‬saqām illness, sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness
‫ ﺳـﻘﻴﻢ‬saqīm pl. ‫ ﺳـﻘﺎم‬siqām, ‫ ﺳـﻘﻤﺎء‬suqamā’2 sick, ill, ailing; skinny, lean,
emaciated; meager, measly; poor, faulty (language)
‫ ﻣﺴﻘﺎم‬masqām seriously suffering; constantly ailing, sickly
‫ ﺳﻘﺎوة‬siqāwa glanders
‫ ﺳـﻘﻰ‬saqā i (saqy) to give (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.) to drink, make s.o. (‫ )ه‬drink (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to water (‫ ﻫ ـ‬cattle, plants); to irrigate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to dip, scoop, draw
697
(water) | ‫( ﺳـﻘﻰ اﻟﻔـﻮﻻذ‬fūlāda) to temper steel III to give (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. s.th.) to
drink; to conclude a lease contract (‫ ه‬with s.o.; cf. ‫ )ﻣﺴـﺎﻗﺎة‬IV to give (‫ه ﻫ ـ‬
s.o. s.th.) to drink, make s.o. (‫ )ه‬drink (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to water (‫ ﻫـ‬cattle, plants); to
irrigate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII to ask (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.) for a drink; to draw water (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to
draw (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th., e.g., information, knowledge, etc., from), take, borrow,
obtain (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. from) X to ask (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.) for a drink (also ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.); to
pray for rain
‫ ﺳﻘﻰ‬saqy watering; irrigation
‫ ﺳﻘﺎء‬siqā’ pl. ‫ اﺳﻘﻴﺔ‬asqiya, ‫ اﺳﻘﻴﺎت‬asqiyāt, ‫ اﺳﺎق‬asāqin waterskin, milkskin
‫ ﺳﻘﺎء‬saqqā’ pl. -ūn water carrier; -- pelican (zool.)
‫ ﺳــﻘﺎﻳﺔ‬siqāya irrigation, watering; office of water supplier (spec. the
traditional office of one in charge of providing water for Mecca pilgrims);
watering place; drinking vessel
‫ ﻣﺴﻘﻰ‬misqā pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎق‬masāqin (eg.) irrigation canal
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻗﺎة‬musāqāh sharecropping contract over the lease of a plantation,
Confidential
limited to one crop period (Isl. Law)
‫ اﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎء‬istisqā’ dropsy | ‫ ﺻﻼة اﻻﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎء‬ṣalāt al-ist. prayer for rain
‫ اﺳﺘﺴﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬istisqā’ī dropsical, hydropic
‫ ﺳﺎق‬sāqin pl. ‫ ﺳﻘﺎة‬suqāh cupbearer, Ganymede, saki
‫ ﺳــﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬sāqiya barmaid; -- (pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮاق‬sawāqin) rivulet; irrigation ditch,
irrigation canal; water scoop; sakieh, water wheel
‫ ﺳـﻚ‬sakka u (sakk) to look, bolt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the door); to mint, coin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬money); --
sakka (1st pers. perf. sakiktu) a (‫ ﺳﻜﻚ‬sakak) and VIII to be or become deaf
‫ ﺳـﻜﺔ‬sikka pl. ‫ ﺳـﻜﻚ‬sikak (minting) die; coin; road; (eg.) sidestreet, lane
(narrower than ‫ ﺷـﺎرع‬šāri‘) | ‫اﳊﺪﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ ﺳـﻜﺔ‬and ‫ اﻟﺴـﻜﺔ اﳊﺪﻳﺪﻳـﺔ‬railroad; ‫ﺳـﻜﺔ زراﻋﻴـﺔ‬
(zirā‘īya) field path, dirt road; ‫ دار اﻟﺴﻜﺔ‬mint
‫ ﺳﻜﺎن‬sukkān pl. -āt rudder
‫ اﺳﻚ‬asakk f. ‫ ﺳﻜﺎء‬sakkā’2, pl. ‫ ﺳﻚ‬sukk deaf
‫ ﻣﺴـﻜﻮك‬maskūka pl. -āt coin; drain hole (tun.) | ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳌﺴـﻜﻮﻛﺎت‬ilm al-m.
numismatics
‫ ﺳﻜﺎرة‬sigāra pl. ‫ ﺳﻜﺎﺋﺮ‬sagā’ir2 (Syrian spelling) cigarette
698
‫ ﺳﻜﺎرﻳﻦ‬sakārīn saccharin
‫ ﺳﻜﺐ‬sakaba u (sakb) to pour out, shed, spill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VII to pour forth, be
poured out; be shed, be spilled
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﺐ‬sakīb shed, spilled
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﺐ‬maskab pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﺐ‬masākib2 melting pot, crucible
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬maskūbīya melting pot, crucible
‫ ﺳﻜﺒﺎج‬sakbāj meat cooked in vinegar
‫ ﺳـﻜﺖ‬sakata u (sakt, ‫ ﺳـﻜﻮت‬sukūt, ‫ ﺳـﻜﺎت‬sukāt to be silent, say nothing;
to become silent, lapse into silence; to be or become quiet, calm down,
subside; to pass over s.th. (IT) in silence; not to answer (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.); pass.
sukita to have a stroke (med.) | ‫اﻟﻐﻀـﺐ‬ ‫( ﺳـﻜﺖ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬gaḍab) his anger abated II
to silence, calm, soothe, pacify (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. s.th.); to order to be silent, hush up
(‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do.; to conceal, refuse to tell (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳـﻜﺖ‬sakt silence; taciturnity, reticence |‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺴـﻜﺖ‬silently, in silence,
Confidential
quietly
‫ ﺳـﻜﺘﺔ‬sakta silence, quiet; stroke, apoplexy (med.) | ‫( ﺳـﻜﺘﺔ‬qalbīya) heart
failure
‫ ﺳﻜﺎت‬sukāt silence; taciturnity, reticence
‫ ﺳﻜﻮت‬sukūt silence; taciturnity, reticence; see also alphabetically
‫ ﺳﻜﻮﰐ‬sukūtī taciturn, reticent
‫ ﺳﻜﻮت‬sakūt taciturn, reticent
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﺖ‬sikkīt habitually silent
‫ ﺳـﺎﻛﺖ‬sākit silent, mum; taciturn, reticent; still, quiet, calm, tranquil;
quiescent (letter)
1‫ ﺳﻜﺮ‬sakara u (sakr) to shut, close, lock, bolt (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II do.
2‫ ﺳﻜﺮ‬sakara a (sakar, sukr) to be drunk; to get drunk, become intoxicated
IV to make drunk, intoxicate, inebriate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to pretend to be drunk

‫ ﺳﻜﺮ‬sukr intoxication, inebriety, drunkenness
‫ ﺳﻜﺮ‬sakar an intoxicant; wine
‫ ﺳـﻜﺮة‬sakra pl. sakarāt inebriety, intoxication, drunkenness |‫ ﺳـﻜﺮة اﳌـﻮت‬s.
al-maut agony of death
699
‫ ﺳــﻜﺮان‬sakrān2, f. ‫ ﺳــﻜﺮى‬sakrā, pl. ‫ ﺳــﻜﺎرى‬sukārā, sakārā drunk,

intoxicated; a drunk | ‫ﻃﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫( ﺳﻜﺮان‬ṭīna) (colloq.) dead drunk
‫ ﺳﻜﲑ‬sikīr drunkard, heavy drinker
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﺮ‬muskir pl. -āt alcoholic beverage, intoxicating liquor
3‫ ﺳـﻜﺮ‬II to sugar, sprinkle with sugar (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to candy, preserve with
sugar (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳﻜﺮ‬sukkar sugar; pl. ‫ ﺳـﻜﺎﻛﺮ‬sakākir2 sweetmeats, confectionery, candies
|‫ ﺳـﻜﺮ اﻟﺜﻤـﺎر‬fructose, levulose, fruit sugar; ‫ ﺳـﻜﺮ اﻟﺸـﻌﲑ‬maltose, malt sugar;
‫ ﺳـﻜﺮ اﻟﻌﻨـﺐ‬s. al-‘inab dextro-glucose, dextrose, grape sugar; ‫ ﺳـﻜﺮ اﻟﻘﺼـﺐ‬s.
al-qaṣab saccharose, sucrose, cane sugar; ‫ ﺳـﻜﺮ اﻟﻠـﱭ‬s. al-laban lactose, milk
sugar; ‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬ ‫ ﺳﻜﺮ‬s. an-nabāt sugar candy, rook candy; ‫ ﻗﺼـﺐ اﻟﺴـﻜﺮ‬qaṣab as-
s. sugar cane; ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮض‬maraḍ as-s. diabetes
‫ ﺳــﻜﺮي‬sukkarī sugar (adj.), sugary, like sugar, saccharine; ‫ﺳــﻜﺮات‬
confectionery; sweetmeats, candy |‫اﻟﺴــﻜﺮي‬ ‫ﻣــﺮض اﻟﺒــﻮل‬
Confidential
(maraḍ al-baul)
diabetes
‫ ﺳﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬sukkarīya sugar bowl
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﺮات‬musakkarāt confectionery, sweetmeats, candy
4‫ ﺳﻜﺎرة‬pl. ‫ ﺳﻜﺎﺋﺮ‬look up alphabetically
5‫ ﺳﻴﻜﺮان‬look up alphabetically
‫( ﺳﻜﺮ ة‬It. sicurtà) sikurtāh insurance
‫( ﺳﻜﺮ رﻳﺔ‬Fr. secrétariat) sekretārīya secretariat; secretaryship
‫( ﺳﻜﺮﺗﻮ‬It scarto) sikartō cotton waste
‫( ﺳـﻜﺮﺗﲑ‬Fr secrétaiea) sekretēr secretary | ‫‘( ﺳـﻜﺮﺗﲑ ﻋـﺎم‬āmm) secretary-
general
‫ ﺳﻜﺮﺗﲑﻳﺔ‬sekretērīya secretariat
‫ ﺳﻜﺮﺟﺔ‬sukurruja, sukruja pl. ‫ ﺳﻜﺎرﻳﺞ‬sakārīj2 bowl; platter, plate
‫ ﺳﻜﺮوز‬sukrōz saccharose, sucrose
‫ ﺳﻜﺮﻳﻦ‬sukkarīn saccharin
‫ ﺳﻜﺴﻚ‬II tasaksaka to behave in a servile manner
‫ ﺳﻜﺴﻜﺔ‬suksuka wren (?)
700
‫ ﺗﺴﻜﺴﻚ‬tasaksuk servility
‫ ﺳﻜﺴﻮﱐ‬saksūnī Saxonian; Saxon
‫ ﺳﻜﺴﻮﻧﻴﺎ‬saksōniyā Saxonia
‫ ﺳـﻜﻊ‬V to grope about (‫ اﻟﻈﻠﻤـﺔ‬aẓ-ẓulmata in the dark); to loiter, loaf, hang
around; to proceed aimlessly, dawdle, potter | ‫( ﻃـﺮدﻩ اﱃ ﺣﻴـﺚ اﻟﺘﺴـﻜﻊ‬ḥait t-
tasakku‘u) to drive s.o. out into the dark, leave s.o. to an uncertain fate
‫ ﺳﻜﺎف‬sakkāf shoemaker
‫ ﺳﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬sikāfa shoemaker’s trade, shoemaking
‫ اﺳﻜﺎف‬iskāf and ‫ اﺳﻜﺎﰲ‬iskāfī pl. ‫ اﺳﺎﻛﻔﺔ‬asākifa shoemaker
‫ اﺳﻜﻔﺔ‬askafa threshold, doorstep; lintel
‫ ﺳﺎﻛﻒ‬sākif lintel
‫ اﺳﻜﻠﺔ‬pl. ‫ اﺳﺎﻛﻞ‬look up alphabetically
1 ‫ ﺳﻜﻦ‬sakana u (‫ ﺳﻜﻮن‬sukūn) to be or become still, tranquil, peaceful; to
calm down, repose, rest; (gram.) to be vowelless (consonant, i.e., have no
vowel immediately fallowing); to abate, subside, remit, cease (anger, pain,
Confidential
and the like); to pass, go away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.o. pain), leave (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., pain); to
remain calm, unruffled (‫ اﱃ‬at, in the face of); to be reassured (‫اﱃ‬
rely (‫اﱃ‬ ,‫ ل‬on), trust, have faith (‫اﱃ‬
,‫ ل‬by); to
,‫ ل‬in); to feel at home (‫ اﱃ‬in,
sakana u (sakan, ‫ ﺳﻜﲎ‬suknā) to live, dwell (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ ﰲ‬in), inhabit (‫ ب‬or
at); --
,‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.) II to calm (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), reassure, appease, placate (‫ ه‬s.o.),
soothe, allay, alleviate (‫ ﻫـ‬pain, and the like); (gram.) to make vowelless (‫ ﻫـ‬a
consonant, i.e., pronounce it without a following vowel) III to live together,
share quarters (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬with s.o. in) IV to give or allocate living quarters (‫ ه‬to
s.o.); to settle, lodge, put up (‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. in) VI to live together, share quarters
‫ ﺳـﻜﻦ‬sakan means or time for rest; dwelling, abode, habitation; inhabited
area, human habitations; ashes
‫ ﺳﻜﲏ‬sakanī ashen, ash-gray
‫ﰲ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺗـﻪ وﺳـﻜﻨﺎﺗﻪ‬ fī ḥarakātihī wa sakanātihī in all his doings; in every
situation
‫ ﺳﻜﻨﺔ‬sakina pl. -āt residence, home
701
‫ ﺳﻜﻮن‬sukūn calm, tranquility, peace; silence, quiet; (gram.) vowellessness

of a medial consonant; the graphic symbol of this vowellessness | ‫ﺳـﻜﻮن‬
‫ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬seriousness, sedateness, gravity
‫ ﺳﻜﺎن‬sakkān cutler
‫ ﺳﻜﺎن‬sukkān pl. -āt rudder
‫ ﺳﻜﲔ‬sikkīn m. and f. pl. ‫ ﺳﻜﺎﻛﲔ‬sakākīn2 knife
‫ ﺳـﻜﻴﻨﺔ‬sakīna pl. ‫ ﺳـﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬sakā’in2 immanence of God, presence of God;
devout, God-inspired peace of mind; calm, tranquility, peace
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻨﺔ‬sikkīna knife
‫ ﺳـﻜﲎ‬suknā living, dwelling; stay, sojourn | ‫ ﳏـﻞ اﻟﺴـﻜﲎ‬maḥall as-s. place
of residence
‫ ﺳﻜﺎﻛﻴﲏ‬sakākīnī cutler
‫ ﻣﺴـﻜﻦ‬maskan, maskin pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻛﻦ‬masākin2 dwelling, abode, habitation;
house; home, residence, domicile
‫ ﺗﺴﻜﲔ‬taskīn pacification, tranquilization, placation
Confidential
‫ اﺳﻜﺎن‬settling, settlement; allocation of living quarters
‫ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬sākin pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺳﻜﻨﺔ‬sakana, f. ‫ ﺳﻮاﻛﻦ‬sawākin2 calm, motionless, still;
--vowelless (medial consonant); stagnant, standing (water); O statio
(electricity); (pl. ‫ ﺳـﻜﺎن‬sukkān, ‫ ﺳـﻜﻨﺔ‬sakana) dweller, inhabitant, resident,
occupant; ‫اﻟﺴــﻜﺎن‬ ‫ ﺳــﺎﻛﻦ اﳉﻨــﺎن‬inhabitant of Paradise,

the population |
deceased person, one of blessed memory; ‫ ﻛﺜﲑ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬populous; ‫ﻻ ﳛﺮك ﺳـﺎﻛﻨﺎ‬
(yuḥarriku) he doesn’t budge, he doesn’t bend his little linger, he remains
immobile, apathetic; ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻨﻪ‬ ‫( ﺣﺮك‬sākinahū) to rouse, agitate s.o.
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﻮن‬maskūn populated, inhabited; haunted (place); possessed (person) |
‫ اﻟﺪار ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﺔ‬the house is haunted
‫ اﳌﺴﻜﻮﻧﺔ‬al-maskūna the inhabited world, the world
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﱐ‬maskūnī ecumenical (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ‬musakkin pl. -ūn pacifier, soother; (pl. -āt) sedative, tranquilizer
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﻦ‬musākin pl. -ūn fellow citizen, neighbor
3‫ ﻣﺴﻜﻨﺔ‬and ‫ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ‬pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﲔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳﻜﻨﺠﺒﲔ‬sakanjabīn oxymel (pharm.)
702
‫ ﺳﻜﻨﺪﻳﻨﺎﻓﻴﺎ‬skandināfiyā and ‫ ﺳﻜﻨﺪ وة‬sikandināwa Scandinavia

‫ ﺳﻜﻨﺪ ﰲ‬sikandināfī Scandinavian
‫( ﺳﻜﻮت‬Hebr. sukkōṭ): ‫‘ ﻋﻴﺪ اﻟﺴﻜﻮت‬īd as-s. Sukkoth, Feast of Tabernacles
(Jud.)
‫ ﺳﻜﻲ‬skī ski
1‫ ﺳﻞ‬sal imperative of ‫ ﺳﺄل‬sa’ala
2‫ ﺳـﻞ‬salla u (sall) to pull out, withdraw, or remove gently (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); pass.

sulla to have pulmonary tuberculosis, be consumptive V to steal away, slink
away, slip away, escape; to spread, extend, get (‫ اﱃ‬to), reach (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to
slip, slink, sneak, steal (‫ اﱃ‬into); to betake o.s., go (‫ اﱃ‬to, with secret
designs); to invade, infiltrate, enter (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to penetrate (‫ ﰲ‬to, as far as)
VII to steal away, slink away, slip away, escape; to slip, slink, sneak, steal
(‫ اﱃ‬into); to infiltrate (‫ اﱃ‬s.th., also pol.); to advance singly or in small
groups (troops in the field; mil.); to have pulmonary tuberculosis, be
consumptive VIII to pull out or remove gently (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to withdraw gently
Confidential
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g.,
‫ ﻛﻔـﻪ‬kaffahū one’s hand, ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to unsheathe, draw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
sword); to wrest, snatch (‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫـ‬from s.o. s.th.)
‫ ﺳﻞ‬sall basket
‫ ﺳـﻞ‬sill, sull consumption, phthisis, tuberculosis | ‫( اﻟﺴـﻞ اﻟﺘـﺪرﱐ‬tadarrunī)
tuberculosis; ‫اﻟﺮﺋﻮي‬ ‫( اﻟﺴﻞ‬ri’awī) pulmonary tuberculosis
‫ ﺳـﻠﺔ‬salla pl. ‫ ﺳـﻼل‬silāl basket |‫ ﺳـﻠﺔ اﳌﻬﻤـﻼت‬s. al-muhmalāt wastepaper
basket; ‫اﻟﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ ﻛﺮة‬kurat as-s. basketball
‫ ﺳﻠﻴﻞ‬salīl drawn (sword); descendant, scion, son
‫ ﺳﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬salīla pl. ‫ ﺳﻼﺋﻞ‬salā’il2 (female) descendant
‫ ﺳﻼل‬sallāl basketmaker, basket weaver
‫ ﺳـﻼﻟﺔ‬sulāla pl. -āt descendant, scion; progeny, offspring; family; race;
strain, stock, provenience (of economic plants)
‫ ﺳﻼﱃ‬sulālī family (adj.)
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﺔ‬masalla pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﺴﺎل‬masāll2 large needle, pack needle; obelisk
‫ ﺗﺴﻠﻞ‬tasallul infiltration (pol.); offside position (in football, hockey, etc.)
‫ اﻧﺴﻼل‬insilāl infiltration (pol.)
703
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻮل‬maslūl consumptive, affected with pulmonary tuberculosis

‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺔ‬mustalla pl. -āt offprint (ir.)
‫ ﺳﻸ‬sala’a a (sal’) to clarify (‫ ﻫـ‬butter)
‫ ﺳﻼء‬silā’ pl. ‫ اﺳﻠﺌﺔ‬asli’a clarified butter
‫ ﺳﻼﻃﺔ‬salāṭa salad
‫ ﺳﻼﰲ‬sulāfī Slavic; (pl. -ūn) Slav
‫ ﺳﻼﻗﻮن‬salāqūn red lead, minium
‫ ﺳﻼﻗﻰ‬see ‫ﺳﻠﻖ‬
‫ ﺳﻼﻧﻴﻚ‬salānīk2 Salonica (seaport in NE Greece)
‫ ﺳـﻠﺐ‬salaba a (salb) to take away, steal, wrest, snatch (‫ ه ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬from
s.o. s.th.), rob, strip, dispossess, deprive (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ه‬ or ‫ه ﻫـ‬ s.o. of s.th.); to
plunder, rifle, loot (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to strip of arms and clothing (‫ ه‬a fallen
enemy); to withhold (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬from s.o. s.th.), deny (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.); -- saliba a
(salab) to put on or wear mourning, be in mourning V to be in mourning
Confidential
VIII = salaba
‫ ﺳﻠﺐ‬salb spoliation, plundering, looting, pillage, robbing; negation | ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫‘ اﻟﺴﻠﺐ‬alāmat as-s. minus sign (math.)
‫ ﺳــﻠﱯ‬salbī negative (also el.); passive | ‫ اﻟــﺪﻓﺎع اﻟﺴــﻠﱯ‬or ‫اﳌﻘﺎوﻣــﺔ اﻟﺴــﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
(muqāwama) passive resistance
‫ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬salbīya negativism, negative attitude
‫ ﺳـﻠﺐ‬salab pl. ‫ اﺳـﻼب‬aslāb loot, booty, plunder, spoils; hide, shanks and
belly of a slaughtered animal; -- ropes, hawsers (eg.)
‫ ﺳﻼب‬sillāb pl. ‫ ﺳﻠﺐ‬sulub black clothing, mourning (worn by women)
‫ ﺳﻼب‬sallāb robber, plunderer, looter
‫ ﺳﻠﻴﺐ‬salīb stolen, taken, wrested away
‫ اﺳـﻠﻮب‬uslūb pl. ‫ اﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬asālīb2 method, way, procedure; course; manner,
mode, fashion; style (esp. literary); stylistic peculiarity (of an author) |
‫( اﺳﻠﻮب ﻛﺘﺎﰊ‬kitābī) literary style
‫ اﺳﺘﻼب‬istilāb spoliation, plundering, looting, pillage, robbing
‫ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ‬sālib negative (adj.); (pl. ‫ ﺳﻮاﻟﺐ‬sawālib2) O negative (phot.)
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻮب‬maslūb unsuccessful
704
‫ ﺳﻠﺒﻨﺪ‬salaband martingale (of the harness)

‫ ﺳﻠﺖ‬salata i u to extract, pull out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to chop off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. a part
of the body) VII to steal away, slip away
‫ ﺳﻠﺞ‬salg (eg.) = ‫ﺳﻠﻖ‬
‫ اﻟﺴﻼﺟﻘﺔ‬as-salājiqa the Seljuk
‫ ﺳﻠﺠﻢ‬saljam turnip (Brassica rapa; bot.); (eg.) rape (Brassica napus; bot.)
‫ ﺳـﻠﺢ‬salaḥa a (salḥ) to void excrement; to drop dung (bird) II to arm (‫ه ﻫ ـ‬
s.o. with) V to arm o.s. VI to engage in battle, fight, cross swords
‫ ﺳﻠﺢ‬salḥ and ‫ ﺳﻼح‬sulāḥ excrements, dung, droppings
‫ ﺳـﻼح‬silāh pl. ‫ اﺳـﻠﺤﺔ‬asliḥa arm, weapon; arms, weapons; service (as a
branch of the armed forces); armor; steel gripper, steel claw; plowshare
‫ ﺳـﻼح اﻟﻄـﲑان‬s. aṭ-ṭayarān air force; ‫ ﺳـﻼح اﻟﻔﺮﺳـﺎن‬s. al-fursān cavalry; ‫ﺷـﺎك‬
‫ اﻟﺴـﻼح‬šākk as-s. bristling with arms, armed to the teeth; ‫ ﺳـﻠﻢ ﺳـﻼﺣﻪ‬sallama
silāḥahū to lay down one’s arms, surrender
‫ ﺳﻼﺣﺪار‬silāḥdār sword-bearer, shield-bearer, squire
Confidential
‫ ﺳﻠﻴﺢ‬salīḥ pl. -ūn apostle (Chr.)
‫ ﺗﺴـﻠﻴﺢ‬taslīḥ pl. -āt arming, equipping; armament, rearmament; armoring,
reinforcement (in ferroconcrete construction)
‫ ﺗﺴﻠﺢ‬tasalluḥ armament, rearmament | ‫ ﺳﺒﺎق اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺢ‬sibāq at-t. arms race
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬musalliḥ armorer
‫ ﺳﻠﺢ‬musallaḥ armed; armored, reinforced (with steel); = Fr. armé | ‫اﻟﻘﻮات‬
‫اﳌﺴـﻠﺤﺔ‬ (qūwāt) the armed forces; ‫( اﲰﻨــﺖ ﻣﺴــﻠﺢ‬ismant) ferroconcrete,
reinforced concrete; ‫( ﺧﺮﺳـﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴـﻠﺤﺔ‬karsāna) do.; ‫( زﺟـﺎج ﻣﺴـﻠﺢ‬zujāj) wired
glass
‫ ﺳﻠﺤﻔﺎء‬sulaḥfāh, silaḥfāh pl. ‫ ﺳﻼﺣﻒ‬salāḥif2 turtle, tortoise
‫ ﺳﻠﺤﻔﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬sulḥafā’īya dawdling, dilatoriness
‫ ﺳـﻠﺦ‬salaka a u (salk) to pull off, strip off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to skin, flay (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an
animal); to detach (‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from); to end, terminate, conclude, bring to a
close (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a period of time); to spend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a period of time, ‫ ﰲ‬doing s.th.) V to
peel (skin, from sunburn) VII to be stripped off, be shed (skin, slough); to
shed, cast off (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ,‫ﻋـﻦ‬ the slough, the skin), strip off, take off (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ,‫ﻋـﻦ‬
705
clothing); to abandon, give up, cut off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a trait, a quality); to get detached
(‫ﻣﻦ‬ ,‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), come off (‫ ﻣﻦ‬,‫ ;)ﻋﻦ‬to withdraw, retire (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from); to pass, end
(month)
‫ ﺳـﻠﺦ‬salk detaching; skinning, flaying; snakeskin, slough; end of the
month
‫ ﺳﻠﺦ‬salk: ‫( ﺧﺸﺐ ﺳﻠﺦ‬kašab) (barkless) soft wood, alburnum, sapwood
‫ ﺳﻼخ‬sallāk pl. ‫ة‬, -ūn butcher
‫ ﺳﻠﺦ‬salik skinned, flayed; tasteless, insipid (food)
‫ ﺳــﻠﻴﺨﺔ‬salīka Chinese cinnamon tree (Cinnamomum cassia; bot.);
cinnamon bark, cassia bark
‫ ﺳﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬salkāna pl. -āt slaughterhouse, abattoir
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﺦ‬maslak pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﱁ‬masālik2 slaughterhouse, abattoir
‫ ﻣﺴﻼخ‬mislāk snakeskin, slough
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﻠﺦ‬munsalak end of the month
‫ ﺳـﻠﺲ‬salisa a (salas, ‫ ﺳﻼﺳـﺔ‬salāsa) to be tractable, docile, compliant,
Confidential
obedient; to be smooth, flowing, fluent (style) IV to make tractable, render
obedient, subdue (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make easy, smooth, fluent (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳﻠﺲ‬salas incontinence of urine
‫ ﺳﻠﺲ‬salis tractable, pliable, docile, compliant, obedient; flexible, smooth,
fluent (style) | ‫ﺳـﻠﺲ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎد‬ s. al-qiyād tractable, pliable, docile, compliant,
obedient
‫ ﺳﻼﺳـﺔ‬salāsa tractability, pliability, docility, compliance, obedience (also
‫ ﺳﻼﺳﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬s. al-qiyāda); smoothness, fluency (of style)
‫ اﺳـﻠﺲ‬aslas2 more tractable, more pliable, more obedient; more flexible,
smoother, more fluent
‫ ﺳﻠﺴﺒﻴﻞ‬salsabīl name of a spring in Paradise; spring, well
‫ ﺳﻠﺴـﻞ‬salsala to link together, concatenate, interlink, interlock, connect,
unite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
‫ ب‬with); to chain up, enchain, fetter, shackle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pour
(‫ اﳌﺎء ﰲ‬water into) | ‫ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ اﱃ‬to trace s.o.’s lineage back to s.o. II tasalsala to
flow down, trickle (in a continuous stream); to drip, dribble, fall in drops
(water); to form a chain or series, be continuous; to be interlinked,
interlocked, linked together, concatenate
‫ ﺳﻠﺴﻞ‬salsal cool fresh water
706
‫ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ‬silsila pl. ‫ ﺳﻼﺳـﻞ‬salāsil2 iron chain; chain (also fig.); series (of
essays, articles, etc.) | ‫ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ اﳉﺒـﺎل‬mountain chain; ‫ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ اﻟﻈﻬـﺮ‬s. aẓ-ẓahr,
backbone, vertebral column; ‫( اﻟﺴﻠﺴــﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﻳــﺔ‬faqrīya) do.; ‫ﺳﻠﺴــﻠﺔ اﻷﻛــﺎذب‬
fabric of lies; ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬‫ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬s. an-nasab lineage, line of ancestors
‫ ﺗﺴﻠﺴــﻞ‬tasalsul sequence, succession | ‫ ﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴــﻞ‬without interruption,
successively, consecutively, continuously; ‫ ﻧﺸــﺮﻩ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﺴــﻞ‬to serialize s.th.,
publish s.th. in serial form
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﺴـﻞ‬musalaal chained; continuous (numbering) | ‫( رد ﻓﻌـﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﺴـﻞ‬raddu
fi‘lin) chain reaction (phys.); ‫اﳌﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫( اﳌﺮأة‬mar’a) Andromeda (astron.)
‫ ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬mutasalsil continuous (numbering)
1 ‫ ﺳـﻠﻂ‬II to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) power or mastery (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over), set up as overlord,
establish as ruler (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. over); to impose, inflict (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬a penalty on
s.o.); to bring to bear, exert (‫ ﻫـ‬force, pressure, and the like, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to load,
charge (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. with electric current) | ‫( ﺳـﻠﻄﻮا ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻳـﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬aidiyahum) they
Confidential
laid violent hands on …, dealt high-handedly with ...; ‫ ﺳﻠﻂ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﻜـﻼب‬to set
the dogs on s.o. V to overcome, surmount (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.th.); to overpower,
overwhelm (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to prevail, gain the upperhand (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over), get the

better of (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to be absolute master (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), rule, reign, hold sway (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
over); to control, supervise, command (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳـﻠﻂ‬sulṭa pl. -āt, ‫ ﺳـﻠﻂ‬sulaṭ power, might, strength; authority; sway,
dominion, influence, sovereign power, jurisdiction; (pl. -āt) official agency,
authority |‫اﻷﺑﻮﻳـﺔ‬
‫( اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬abawīya) paternal authority; patriarchy; ‫اﻟﺴـﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺮوﺣﻴـﺔ‬
(rūḥīya) spiritual power; ‫( اﻟﺴـﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺸـﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ‬tašrī‘īya) legislative power; ‫ﺳـﻠﻄﺔ‬
‫‘( ﻋﺴــﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬askarīya) military authority; ‫( اﻟﺴــﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﻀــﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬qaḍā’īya) judicial
power; ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫( اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬tanfīdīya) executive power
‫ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬salṭa jacket
‫ ﺳــﻠﻴﻂ‬salīṭ strong, solid, firm; glib; impudent, sharp, loose, vicious
(tongue)
‫ ﺳـﻼﻃﺔ‬salāṭa glibness; impudence, lack of restraint (in one’s language);
see also alphabetically
707
‫ ﺗﺴــﻠﻂ‬tasalluṭ mastery, sway, dominion; rule, influence, authority,

supremacy (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over); supervision, control
2 ‫ﺳﻠﻂ‬salaṭa and ‫ ﺳﻼﻃﺔ‬salāṭa salad
‫ ﺳﻠﻄﺢ‬III ‫ اﺳﻠﻨﻄﺢ‬islanṭaḥa to be broad, be wide
‫ ﺳﻼﻃﺢ‬sulāṭiḥ wide
‫ ﺳـﻠﻄﻦ‬salṭana to proclaim sultan, establish as ruler (‫ ه‬s.o.) II ‫ﺗﺴـﻠﻄﻦ‬
tasalṭana to become sultan or ruler
‫ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺔ‬salṭana sultanate
‫ ﺳـﻠﻄﺎن‬sulṭān m. and f. power, might, strength; rule, reign, dominion,
sway; authority; mandate, authorization; legitimation (‫ ب‬for); -- (pl. ‫ﺳـﻼﻃﲔ‬
salāṭīn2) sultan; (absolute) ruler | ‫اﺑـﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ ﺳـﻠﻄﺎن‬s. ibrāhīm red mullet (Mullus
barbatus; zool.); ‫ﺳـﻠﻄﺎن‬ ‫( ﻣـﺎ اﻧـﺰل ﷲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬anzala llāhu) (lit.; God has revealed
no legitimation for it; with preceding indeterminate noun) vain, unfounded,
baseless, arbitrary
‫ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﺔ‬sulṭāna sultana, sultaness
Confidential
‫ ﺳــﻠﻄﺎﱐ‬sulṭānī of the sultan; sovereign, imperial, royal | ‫ﻃﺮﻳــﻖ ﺳــﻠﻄﺎﱐ‬
imperial highway
‫ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬suṭānīya soup bowl, tureen; large metal bowl
‫ ﺳـﻠﻊ‬Sali‘a a (sala‘) to crack, become cracked VII to split, break open,
burst
‫ ﺳﻠﻊ‬sal‘ pl. ‫ ﺳﻠﻮع‬sulū‘ crack, fissure, rift
‫ ﺳـﻠﻌﺔ‬sil‘a pl. ‫ ﺳـﻠﻊ‬sila‘ commodity, commercial article; sebaceous cyst,
wen
‫ ﺳـﻠﻒ‬salafa u (salaf) to be over, be past, be bygone; to precede, antecede
II to lend, loan, advance (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. money) IV to make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) precede; to
lend, loan, advance (‫ ه ﻫـ‬to s.o. money) | ‫( )اﺳﻠﻔﻨﺎ )اﻟﻘﻮل‬qaul) we have already
said, we have previously stated; ‫ﻛﻤـﺎ اﺳـﻠﻔﻨﺎ‬ as we have already said V to

borrow (‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. from); to contract a loan VIII = V
‫ ﺳﻠﻒ‬silf pl. ‫ اﺳﻼف‬aslāf brother-in-law
‫ ﺳﻠﻔﺔ‬silfa sister-in-law
708
‫ ﺳــﻠﻒ‬salaf and pl. ‫ اﺳــﻼف‬aslāf predecessors; forebears, ancestors,

forefathers;‫ ﺳـﻠﻒ‬advance payment, prepayment; free loan, noninterest-
bearing loan; ‫ ﺳـﻠﻔﺎ‬salafan in advance, beforehand, before | ‫ اﻟﺴـﻠﻒ اﻟﺼـﺎﱀ‬the
worthy ancestors, the venerable forefathers
‫ ﺳﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬salafīya pl. -āt free loan; (cash) advance
‫ اﻟﺴـﻠﻔﻴﺔ‬as-salafīya an Islamic reform movement in Egypt, founded by
Mohammed ‘Abduh (1849-1906)
‫ ﺳـﻠﻔﺔ‬sulfa pl. ‫ ﺳـﻠﻒ‬sulaf loan; (cash) advance; inner lining of shoes, inner
sole
‫ ﺳـﻼف‬sulāf choicest wine (made of the juice flowing from unpressed
grapes)
‫ ﺳﻼﻓﺔ‬sulāfa = ‫ ﺳﻼف‬sulāf
‫ ﺳﻠﻔﺎء‬sulafā’2 predecessors
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻔﺔ‬mislafa harrow
‫ ﺗﺴـﻠﻴﻒ‬taslīf credit, advance | ‫ ﺳـﻌﺮ اﻟﺘﺴـﻠﻴﻒ‬si‘r at-t. rate of interest; ‫ﺑﻨـﻚ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻒ‬credit bank
Confidential
‫ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬talīfa credit, loan | ‫‘( ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻘﺎرﻳﺔ‬aqārīya) land credit
‫ ﺳــﺎﻟﻒ‬sālif pl. ‫ ﺳــﻠﻒ‬salaf, ‫ ﺳــﻼف‬sullāf, ‫ ﺳـﻮاﻟﻒ‬sawālif, preceding,
foregoing,
former, previous, bygone, past; predecessor; ‫ﺳــﺎﻟﻔﺎ‬ sālifan formerly,
previously; above (as a reference in books, etc.) | ‫اﻷﺣـﺪاث‬ ‫ ﺳـﻮاﻟﻒ‬former, or

past, events; ‫ ﺳـﺎﻟﻒ اﻟـﺬﻛﺮ‬s. ad-dikr aforementioned; ‫ ﺳـﺎﻟﻒ اﻟﻌـﺮوس‬s. al-‘arūs
amaranth (bot.); ‫ ﰲ ﺳﺎﻟﻒ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬fī s. iz-zamān in former times, in the old days
1‫ ﺳﻠﻔﺎت‬sulfāt sulfate | ‫ ﺳﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻨﺸﺎدر‬s. an-nušādir ammonium sulfate
2O ‫ ﺳﻠﻔﺖ‬salfata to asphalt (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

O ‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻔﺖ‬musalfat asphalted
‫ ﺳﻠﻔﻴﺪ‬sulfīd sulfide
‫ ﺳﻠﻖ‬salaqa u (salq) to lacerate the skin (‫ ه‬of s.o.; with a whip); to remove
with boiling water (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to boil, cook in boiling water (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to scald
(‫ ﻫـ‬plants; said of excessive heat); to hurt (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻪ‬bi-lisānihī with one’s
709
tongue, i.e., give s.o. a tongue-lashing) V to ascend, mount, climb, scale (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to climb up (plant)
‫ ﺳـﻠﻖ‬salq (eg.), silq a variety of chard, the leaves of which are prepared as
a salad or vegetable dish
‫ اﻟﺴﻼق‬as-sullāq Ascension of Christ
‫ ﺳﻼﻗﺔ‬salāqa vicious tongue, violent language
‫ ﺳـﻠﻴﻘﺔ‬salīqa pl. ‫ ﺳـﻼﺋﻖ‬salā’iq2 dish made of grain cooked with sugar,
cinnamon and fennel (syr.); inborn disposition, instinct
‫ ﺳﻠﻘﻮن‬salaqūn and ‫ ﺳﻼﻗﻮن‬salāqūn red lead, minium
‫ ﺳﻼﻗﻲ‬salāqī saluki, greyhound, hunting dog
‫ ﺳﻠﻮﻗﻲ‬salūqī saluki, greyhound, hunting dog
‫ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ‬tasalluq climbing; ascent
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻮق‬maslūq cooked, boiled (meat, egg, vegetable)
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻮﻗﺔ‬maslūqa pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻴﻖ‬masālīq2 bouillon, broth
‫ اﻟﻨﺒﺎ ت اﳌﺘﺴﻠﻘﺔ‬an-nabātāt al-mutasalliqa climbing plants, creepers
Confidential
‫ ﺳـﻠﻚ‬salaka u (salk, ‫ ﺳـﻠﻮك‬sulūk) to follow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a road), travel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬along a
road); to take (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a road), enter upon a course or road (‫ ;ﻫ ـ‬fig.); to behave,
comport o.s. (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬toward s.o.); to proceed, act; to set foot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on), enter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
place); -- salaka (salk) to insert (‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in), stick (‫ ﻫ ـ ﰲ‬s.th. into); to pass
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬thread, ‫ ﰲ اﻹﺑـﺮة‬through the eye of a needle), thread a needle | ‫ﺳـﻠﻜﻪ ﰲ‬
‫( اﻟﺴﻠﺴـﻠﺔ‬silsila) to chain s.o. up II to clean, clear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. pipelines,
canals, etc.); to unreel, unwind (‫ ﻫـ‬yarn); to clarify, unravel, disentangle ( ‫اﻣﺮا‬
‫ ﻣﻌﻘـﺪا‬amran mu‘aqqadan a complicated affair) IV to insert (‫ ﻫ ـ ﰲ‬s.th. in),
stick (‫ ﻫـ ﰲ‬s.th. into); to pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬thread, ‫ ﰲ ﻟﻺﺑـﺮة‬through the eye of a needle),
thread a needle
‫ ﺳـﻠﻚ‬silk pl. ‫ اﺳـﻼك‬aslāk thread; string (also, of a musical instrument);
line; wire; rail (Mor.); -- organization, body; profession (as a group or
career); corps; cadre | ‫ﺳـﻠﻚ اﻷرض‬ ‫( اﻟﺴـﻠﻚ اﻷرﺿـﻲ‬arḍī) ground
s. al-arḍ or
wire; ‫( اﺳــﻼك ﲝﺮﻳــﺔ‬baḥrīya) underwater cable; O ‫( اﻟﺴــﻠﻚ اﳊ ـﺮاري‬h>arārī)
filament (of a radio tube); O ‫( اﻟﺴـﻠﻚ اﳌـﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬mutaḥakkim) grid (of a radio
710
tube); (‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳـﻲ‬ ‫( رﺟﺎل( اﻟﺴـﻠﻚ‬siyāsī) diplomatic corps; ‫ ﺳـﻠﻚ اﻟﺸـﺮﻃﺔ‬s. aš-šurṭa

the police; ‫ اﻟﺴﻠﻚ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻚ‬barbed wire; O ‫ ﺳﻠﻚ اﻻﻧﺼﻬﺎر اﻟـﻮاﻗﻰ‬fuse (el.); ‫اﻟﺴـﻠﻚ‬
‫( اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬ta‘līmī) the teaching profession, the teachers; ‫ ﺳﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻀـﺎء‬s. al-qaḍā’
the judiciary, the judicature; O ‫( اﻟﺴـﻠﻚ اﳌﻘـﺎوم‬muqāwim) resistor (el.); O
‫اﻟﺴــﻠﻚ اﳍـﻮاﺋﻲ‬ (hawā’ī) antenna, aerial; ‫ اﻧﺘﻈــﻮ ﰲ )اﱃ( اﻟﺴــﻠﻚ اﻟﺒﺤــﺮي‬to be a
member of an organization and the like; to join an organization and the like,
e.g., ‫اﻟﺒﺤـﺮي‬ ‫( اﻻﻧﺘﻈـﺎم اﱃ اﻟﺴـﻠﻚ‬baḥrī) entrance into the navy (as also ‫اﳔـﺮاط ﰲ‬
‫)ﺳﻠﻚ‬
‫ ﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬silkī by wire, wire (adj.)
‫ ﻻﺳـﻠﻜﻲ‬lā-silkī wireless; radio, broadcasting (adj. and n.); radiogram;
radio specialist | ‫اﺷـﺎرة ﻻﺳــﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ (išāra) radio message; ‫ﻋﺎﻣــﻞ ﻻﺳـﻠﻜﻲ‬ radio
operator
‫ ﺳــﻠﻜﺔ‬silka pl. ‫ ﺳــﻠﻚ‬silak wire; thread; string (also, of a musical
instrument)
‫ ﺳــﻠﻮك‬sulūk behavior, comportment, demeanor, manners; conduct,
Confidential
deportment, attitude | ‫اﻟﺴـﻠﻮك‬ ‫ ﺣﺴـﻦ‬ḥusn as-s. good behavior, good manners;
‫ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬or ‫ آداب اﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬etiquette
‫ ﻣﺴـﻠﻚ‬maslak pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻟﻚ‬masālik2 way, road, path; course of action,
policy; procedure, method | ‫اﳌﺴـﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴـﺔ‬ (baulīya) the urinary passages

(anat.); ‫اﳍـﻮاء‬ ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻟﻚ‬m. al-hawā’ the respiratory passages (anat.); ‫ﺳـﻠﻚ ﻣﺴـﻠﻜﺎ‬
to enter upon a course (fig.)
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻜﻲ‬maslakī professional, vocational, industrial, trade (adj.)
‫ ﺳﺎﻟﻚ‬sālik cleaning, clearing
‫ ﺳـﺎﻟﻚ‬sālik passable, practicable (road); entered upon (course); clear,
open, not blocked, not obstructed (also anat.); (pl. -āt) one who follows the
spiritual path (esp. myst.)
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻮك‬maslūk passable, practicable (road); entered upon (course)
‫ ﺳـﻠﻢ‬salima a (‫ ﺳـﻼﻣﺔ‬salāma, ‫ ﺳـﻼم‬salām) to be safe and sound, unharmed,
unimpaired, intact, safe, secure; to be unobjectionable, blameless faultless;
to be certain, established, clearly proven (fact); to be free (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to
escape (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬danger) II to preserve, keep from injury, protect from harm (‫ه‬
711
s.o.), save (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. from); to hand over intact (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to
hand over, turn over, surrender (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to deliver ( ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o. s.th.); to lay down (‫ ﻫـ‬arms); to surrender, give o.s. up (‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ‬
to); to submit, resign o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to); to greet. Salute (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to grant
salvation (God to the Prophet); to admit, concede, grant (‫ ب‬s.th.); to consent
(‫ ب‬to s.th.), approve (‫ ب‬of s.th.), accept, sanction, condone (‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫ﺳـﻠﻢ‬
‫( اﻣـﺮﻩ اﱃ ﷲ‬amrahū) to commit one’s cause to God, resign o.s. to the will of
God; ‫( ﺳـﻠﻢ روﺣـﻪ‬rūḥahū) to give up the ghost; ‫( ﺳـﻠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ اﻷﺧـﲑ‬nafasahū) to
breathe one’s last, be in the throes of death; ‫( ﺳـﻠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻟﻠﺒـﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬nafsahū) to
give o.s. up to the police; ‫( ﺳـﻠﻢ اﻟﻴـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳊﺴـﲎ واﻹﺳـﺎءة‬ḥusnā, isā’a) to put
o.s. at s.o.’s mercy; ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫( ﺳـﻠﻢ ﱄ‬salim) give him my best regards! remember
me to him! ‫( ﷺ‬sallā) God bless him and grant him salvation (eulogy after
the name of the Prophet Mohammed) III to keep the peace, make one’s
peace, make up (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to forsake, leave, desert, give up, betray (‫ه‬
Confidential
s.o.); to let sink, drop (‫رﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ‬ ‫ رأﺳﻪ اﱃ‬ra’sahū i. rukbataihī
knees); to hand over, turn over (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.,
one’s head, to one’s
‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th.); to leave,

abandon (‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to deliver up, surrender, expose (‫ ه اﱃ‬s.o. to); to
commit o.s. resign o.s. ( to the will of God, with ellipsis of ‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬or ;(‫اﻣـﺮﻩ‬
‫)اﺳـﻠﻢ‬ alone:) to declare o.s. committed to the will of God, become a

Muslim, embrace Islam | ‫ﷲ‬ ‫( اﺳـﻠﻢ اﻣـﺮﻩ اﱃ‬amrahū) to commit one’s cause to
God, resign o.s. to the will of God; ‫( )اﺳـﻠﻢ روﺣـﻪ )اﻟـﺮوح‬rūḥahū) to give up the
ghost V to get, obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to receive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to have (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) handed
over or delivered; to take over, assume (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the management of s.th.) | ‫ﺗﺴـﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻴــﺪ اﳊﻜــﻢ‬ (m. al-ḥukm) to take (the reins of) power VI to become
reconciled with one another, make peace with one another VIII to touch,
graze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to receive, get, obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take
possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of) X to surrender, capitulate; to give way, submit, yield,
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abandon o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); to give o.s. over (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.; to a man,
said of a woman); to lend o.s., be a party (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); to succumb (‫ ل‬to)
‫ ﺳﻠﻢ‬salm peace
‫ ﺳـﻠﻢ‬silm m. and f. peace; the religion of Islam |‫ ﺣـﺐ اﻟﺴـﻠﻢ‬ḥubb as-s.
pacifism
‫ ﺳﻠﻤﻲ‬silmī peaceful; pacifist
‫ ﺳﻠﻢ‬salam forward buying (Isl. Law); a variety of acacia
‫ ﺳـﻠﻢ‬sullam pl. ‫ ﺳـﻼﱂ‬salālim2, ‫ ﺳـﻼﻟﻴﻢ‬salālīm2 ladder; (flight of) stairs,
stair-case; stair, step, running board; (mus.) scale; means, instrument, tool
(fig.) | ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬ ‫( ﺳﻠﻢ‬mutaḥarrik) escalator
‫ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‬sullama step, stair
‫ ﺳـﻼم‬salām soundness, unimpairedness, intactness, well-being; peace,
peacefulness; safety, security; -- (pl. -āt) greeting, salutation; salute; military
salute; national anthem | ‫‘( اﻟﺴـﻼم اﻟﻌـﺎم‬āmm) general welfare, commonweal;
‫دار اﻟﺴـﻼم‬ Paradise; an epithet of Baghdad; Dar es Salaam (seaport and
Confidential
capital of Tanganyika); ‫اﻟﺴـﻼم‬ ‫( ﻣﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬the City of Peace =) Baghdad; ‫ـﺮ اﻟﺴـﻼم‬
nahr as-s. the Tigris; ‫( اﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﻠـﻴﻜﻢ‬salāmu), ‫ ﺳـﻼم ﻋﻠـﻴﻜﻢ‬peace be with you! (a
Muslim salutation); ‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم‬upon him be peace (used parenthetically after
the names of angels and of pre-Mohammedan prophets); ‫ﺳﻼم‬ exclamation

of dismay, esp. after s.th. calamitous has happened: good Lord! good
heavens! oh dear! ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻼم‬ exclamation of amazement or grief about s.th.:
‫ﺑﻠـﻎ ﺳـﻼﻣﻲ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬
there goes (go) ...! what a pity for ...! how nice is (are) ...!
(ballig) give him my kind regards! remember me to him! ‫( واﻟﺴـﻼم‬and) that’s
all, and let it be done with that; ‫ﺳﻼم‬ ... ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬it’s all over with ...
‫( ﺳـﻼﻣﻠﻚ‬Turk. selamlιk) selāmlιk selamlik, reception room, sitting room,
parlor
‫ ﺳـﻼﻣﺔ‬salāma blamelessness flawlessness; unimpaired state, soundness,
integrity, intactness; well-being, welfare; safety, security; smooth progress;
success | ‫( اﻟﺴـﻼﻣﺔ اﻻﲨﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬ijmā‘īya) collective security; ‫ ﺳـﻼﻣﺔ اﻟـﺬوق‬s. ad-
dauq good taste; ‫ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ )اﻣﻼك( اﻟـﺒﻼد‬the integrity of the country; ‫ ﺳـﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ‬s.
an-nīya sincerity, guilelessness; ‫ ﺑﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﻴﺔ‬in good faith, bona fide; ‫ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻚ‬a
713
speedy recovery! ‫ﻣـﻊ اﻟﺴـﻼﻣﺔ‬ (a greeting of farewell, said by the person

remaining behind) approx.: good-by! farewell! ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺴـﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫( اﳊﻤـﺪ‬ḥamdu)
praised be God for your well-being! (said to the traveler returning from a
journey)
‫ ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ‬salīm pl. ‫ ﺳـﻠﻤﺎء‬sulamā’2 safe, secure; free (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); unimpaired,
undamaged, unhurt, sound, intact, complete, perfect, whole, integral;
faultless, flawless; well; safe and sound; safe; healthy; sane;
(euphemistically) seriously injured or damaged, on the verge of ruin | ‫ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺔ‬s. al-bunya healthy, sound in body; ‫ ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺒـﺔ‬benign (disease); ‫ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ‬s. al-‘aql sane; ‫ ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ‬s. an-nīya, ‫ ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‬s. al-qalb guileless,
sincere, good-natured; ‫( ذوق ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‬dauq) good taste
‫ ﺳـﻼﻣﻰ‬sulāmā pl. ‫ ﺳـﻼﻣﻴﺎت‬sulāmayāt phalanx, digital bone (of the hand or

foot)
‫ ﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬sulāmīya pl. -āt phalanx, digital bone (of the hand or foot)
‫ اﺳﻠﻢ‬aslam2 safer; freer; sounder; healthier
‫ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﱐ‬sulaimānī Solomon | ‫ ﺣﻮت ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ḥūt s. salmon
Confidential
‫ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﱐ‬sulaimānī corrosive sublimate, mercury chloride
‫ ﺗﺴــﻠﻴﻢ‬taslīm handing over, turning over; presentation; extradition;
surrender (of s.th.); delivery (com.; of mail); submission, surrender,
capitulation; salutation; greeting; concession, admission; assent, consent (‫ب‬
to), acceptance, approval, condonation, unquestioning recognition (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﳌﺔ‬musālama conciliation, pacification
‫ اﺳـﻼم‬islām submission, resignation, reconciliation (to the will of God); --
‫ اﻻﺳﻼم‬the religion of Islam; the era of Islam; the Muslims
‫ اﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬islāmī Islamic
‫ اﺳـﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬islāmīya the idea of Islam, Islamism; status or capacity of a
Muslim
‫ اﺳﻼﻣﺒﻮﱄ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ‬tasallum receipt; taking over, assumption; reception
‫ اﺳـﺘﻼم‬istilām receipt; acceptance; taking over, assumption | ‫اﻓـﺎدة اﻻﺳـﺘﻼم‬
acknowledgment of receipt
‫ اﺳﺘﺴـﻼم‬istislām surrender, capitulation; submission, resignation, self-
surrender
714
‫ ﺳﺎﱂ‬sālim safe, secure; free (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from); unimpaired, unblemished, faultless,

flawless, undamaged, unhurt, intact, safe and sound, safe; sound, healthy;
whole, perfect, complete, integral; regular (verb) | ‫( اﳉﻤﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﱂ‬jam‘) sound (=
external) plural (gram.)
‫ ﻣﺴـﻠﻢ‬musallam unimpaired, intact, unblemished, flawless; (also ‫)ﻣﺴـﻠﻢ ﺑـﻪ‬
accepted, uncontested, incontestable, indisputable, incontrovertible
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﱂ‬musālim peaceable, peaceful, peace-loving; mild-tempered, lenient,
gentle
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‬muslim pl. -ūn Muslim
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﻢ‬mustalim recipient; consignee
‫( ﺳـﻠﻨﺪر‬Fr. cylindre) silender pl. -āt cylinder (of an automobile, and the
like)
‫ )ﺳﻼ )ﺳﻠﻮ‬salā u (‫ ﺳﻠﻮ‬sulūw, ‫ ﺳﻠﻮان‬sulwān) and ‫ ﺳـﻠﻲ‬saliya a (‫ ﺳـﻠﻲ‬sulīy) to
get rid of the memory of (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, forget (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), think
no more (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬of) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) forget (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o., s.th.); to comfort,
console, solace (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for the loss of); to cheer up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distract.
Confidential
divert (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ s.o.’s mind from); to amuse, entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to alleviate,
dispel (‫ ﻫـ‬worries and the like) IV = II V to delight, take pleaure (‫ ب‬in), have
a good time, have fun, amuse o.s. (‫ ب‬with); to console o.s. (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for s.th.
with), find comfort (‫ ﻋـﻦ ب‬for s.th. in); to seek distraction or diversion ( ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ ب‬from s.th. in)
‫ ﺳــﻠﻮى‬salwā, sulwā solace, consolation, comfort; fun, amusement,
entertainment, distraction, diversion; pastime | ‫اﻟﻌـﻴﺶ‬ ‫‘( ﻫـﻮ ﰲ ﺳـﻠﻮة ﻣـﻦ‬aiš) he
leads a comfortable life
‫ ﺳﻠﻮى‬salwā consolation, solace, comfort
‫ ﺳﻠﻮى‬salwā (n. un. ‫ )ﺳﻠﻮاة‬pl. ‫ ﺳﻼوى‬salāwā quail (zool.)
‫ ﺳﻠﻮان‬sulwān forgetting, oblivion; consolation, solace, comfort
‫ ﻣﺴــﻼة‬maslāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺴــﺎل‬masālin object of amusement; amusement,
entertainment, fun, distraction, diversion; solace, consolation, comfort
‫ ﺗﺴـﻠﻴﺔ‬tasliya consolation, amusement, distraction, diversion, fun; pastime,
entertainment
715
‫ ﻣﺴـﻞ‬musallin amusing, entertaining; comforting, consoling; comforter,

consoler
‫ ﺳﻠﻮﻓﻴﻨﻴﺎ‬slovēniyā Slovenia
‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻲ‬maslī (eg.) = ‫ ﲰﻦ‬samn: cooking butter | ‫( ﻣﺴﻠﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﰐ‬nabātī) vegetable
butter
‫ ﺳﻠﻴﻨﻴﻮم‬silīniyūm selenium
1‫ اﺳــﻢ‬ism pl. ‫اﲰــﺎء‬ asmā’, ‫اﺳــﺎم‬ asāmin name; appellation; reputation,
standing, prestige; (gram.) noun; ‫ اﲰﺎ‬isman nominally | ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ‬ ‫ اﺳﻢ‬pen name,
nom de plume; ‫ اﺳـﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬do.; ‫( اﺳـﻢ ﲡـﺎري‬tijārī) firm name (com.); ‫اﺳـﻢ ﻋﻠـﻢ‬
ism ‘alam proper name; ‫( اﺳـﻢ ﺟﺎﻣـﺪ‬gram.) primary noun (not derived from a
verb form); ‫اﺳـﻢ اﳉﻤـﻊ‬ ism al-jam‘ (gram.) collective noun (which, though
forming no nomen unitatis, has a broken plural); ‫اﳉﻤﻌـﻲ‬ ‫ اﺳﻢ اﳉﻨﺲ‬ism al-jins
al-jam‘ī (gram.) generic collective noun (which can form a nomen unitatis;
e.g., rv. /lamam pigoons); ‫اﺳـﻢ اﻹﺷـﺎرة‬ ism al-išāra (gram.) demonstrative
pronoun; ‫اﺳــﻢ اﻟﺘﺼــﻐﲑ‬ (gram.) diminutive; ‫اﺳــﻢ اﻟﻌــﺪد‬ ism al-‘adad (gram.)
Confidential
numeral; ‫ اﺳـﻢ اﳌﻌـﲎ‬ism al-ma‘nā (gram.) abstract noun; ‫ اﺳـﻢ اﻟﻌـﲔ‬ism al-‘ain
(gram.) concrete noun; ‫( اﺳــﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﻀــﻴﻞ‬gram.) elative; ‫ اﺳــﻢ اﻟﻔﻌــﻞ‬ism al-fi‘l
(gram.) verbal noun, nomen verbi; ‫( اﺳـﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬gram.) nomen agentis, active
participle; ‫اﳌﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫( اﺳﻢ‬gram.) nomen patientis, passive participle; ‫ اﺳﻢ اﳌـﺮة‬ism

al-marra (gram.) nomen vicis; ‫( اﻷﲰـﺎء اﳊﺴـﲎ‬ḥusnā) the 99 names of God
(Isl.); ‫ ﺳـﻢ ﻓـﻼن‬in s.o.’s name, on behalf of s.o.; ‫ ﺑﺴـﻢ ﷲ‬in the name of God;
‫( ﺗﻘــﺪم اﻟﻄﻠﺒــﺎت ﺳــﻢ رﺋــﻴﺲ اﳉﻤﻌﻴــﺔ‬tuqaddamu ṭ-ṭalabāt) applications will be
addressed to the chairman of the society
‫ اﲰـﻲ‬ismī in name only, nominal, titular; nominal (gram.) | ‫ﻣﺒﻠـﻎ اﲰــﻲ‬
(mablag) nominal par; ‫( ﲨﻠـﺔ اﲰﻴـﺔ‬jumla) nominal clause (gram.); ‫ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ اﲰﻴـﺔ‬
(qīma) nominal value, face value
2 ‫ ﺳـﻢ‬samma u (samm) to put poison (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into s.th.); to poison (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) II to poison (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to be poisoned, poison o.s.
716
‫ ﺳـﻢ‬samm pl. ‫ ﲰـﻮم‬sumūm, ‫ ﲰـﺎم‬simām poison, toxin; venom; opening,

hole; eye (of a needle) | ‫( اﻟﺴـﻤﻮم اﻟﺒﻴﻀـﺎء‬baiḍā’) the white narcotics (such as
cocaine, Heroin, etc.)
‫ ﲰﻮم‬samūm f., pl. ‫ ﲰﺎﺋﻢ‬samā’im2 hot wind, hot sandstorm, simoom
‫ ﻣﺴﺎم‬masāmm2, ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﺎت‬masāmmāt (pl.) pores (of the skin)
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻲ‬masāmmī porous
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬masāmmīya porousness, porosity
‫ ﺗﺴﻤﻢ‬tasammum poisoning, toxication; sepsis | ‫( اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻢ اﻟﺒـﻮﱄ‬baulī) uremia;
‫( اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻢ اﻟﺪﻣﻮي‬damawī) blood poisoning, toxemia
‫ ﺳﺎم‬sāmm poisonous; toxic, toxicant; venomous
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﻮم‬masmūm poisoned; poisonous
‫ ﻣﺴﻢ‬musimm poisonous; venomous; toxic, toxicant
‫ ﲰﺎﳒﻮﱐ‬samānjūnī sky-blue, azure, cerulean
‫ ﲰﺒﺎﺗﻮي‬simbātawī sympathetic (physiol.)
Confidential
1‫ ﲰﺖ‬III to be on the other side of (‫)ﻫـ‬, be opposite s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬, face s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬
‫ ﲰـﺖ‬samt pl. ‫ ﲰـﻮت‬sumūt way, road; manner, mode; ‫ اﻟﺴـﻤﺖ‬azimuth

(astron.) | ‫اﻟـﺮأس‬
‫ ﲰـﺖ‬s. ar-ra’s zenith, vertex (astron.); ‫ ﲰـﺖ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ‬s. aš-šams
ecliptic (astron.); ‫ ﲰـﺖ اﻻﻋﺘـﺪال‬equinoctial colure (astron.); ‫ ﲰـﺖ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬s. al-
qadam nadir (astron.); ‫ ﲰـﺖ اﻻﻧﻘـﻼب‬solstitial colure (astron.); ‫ﻧﻈـﲑ اﻟﺴـﻤﺖ‬
nadir (astron.); ‫اﱃ‬

‫ اﺧﺬ ﲰﺘﻪ‬to take the road to ...
2 ‫ ﲰﺎت‬pl. of ‫ﲰﺔ‬, see ‫وﺳﻢ‬
‫ ﲰـﺞ‬samuja to be ugly, disgusting, revolting II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) ugly or
loath-some
‫ ﲰـﺞ‬samj pl. ‫ ﲰـﺎج‬simāj and samij pl. ‫ ﲰـﺎﺟﻰ‬samājā ugly, disgusting,
loathsome, revolting
‫ ﲰـﻴﺞ‬samīj pl. ‫ ﲰـﺎج‬simāj, ‫ ﲰـﺎﺟﻰ‬samājā, ‫ ﲰﺠـﺎء‬samajā’2 ugly, disgusting,
loathsome, revolting
‫ ﲰﺎﺟﺔ‬samāja ugliness, abominableness, odiousness
‫ ﲰــﺢ‬samuḥa u (samḥ, ‫ ﲰــﺎح‬samāḥ, ‫ ﲰﺎﺣــﺔ‬samāḥa) to be generous,
magnanimous, kind, liberal, openhanded; -- samaḥa a (‫ ﲰـﺎح‬samāḥ) to grant
717
from a generous heart (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. s.th.); to allow, permit (‫ ان‬or ‫ ب ل‬s.o. s.th.
or to do s.th.); to authorize, empower (‫ ب ل‬s.o. to do s.th.) | ‫ ﻻ ﲰـﺢ ﷲ‬God
forbid! II to act with kindness III to show o.s. tolerant (‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ب‬
in), treat kindly, with indulgence (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. in the matter of), forgive (‫ﰲ‬
or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.) VI to be indulgent, forbearing, tolerant (‫ ﻣـﻊ ﰲ‬toward s.o.
in), show good will (‫ ﰲ‬in); to be not overparticular (‫ ﰲ‬in); to practice
mutual tolerance X to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬permission; to ask forgiveness,
apologize
‫ ﲰﺢ‬samḥ magnanimity, generosity; kindness; liberality, munificence
‫ ﲰــﺢ‬samḥ pl. ‫ ﲰــﺎح‬simāḥ magnanimous, generous; kind; liberal,
openhanded
‫ ﲰـﺎح‬samāḥ magnanimity, generosity; kindness; liberality, munificence;
indulgence, forbearance, tolerance, forgiveness, pardon; permission (‫ ب‬for,
to do s.th.)
‫ ﲰﺎﺣـﺔ‬samāḥa magnanimity; generosity; kindness; liberality, munificence;
Confidential
indulgence, forbearance, tolerance;
Eminence the Mufti (title of a mufti)
‫ﲰﺎﺣﺘـﻪ‬ His Eminence, ‫ﲰﺎﺣـﺔ اﳌﻔـﱵ‬
‫ ﲰـﻴﺢ‬samīḥ pl. ‫ ﲰﺤـﺎء‬sumahā’2 generous, magnanimous; kind, forgiving;

liberal, openhanded
His
‫اﳊﻨﻴﻔـﺔ اﻟﺴـﻤﺤﺎء‬ al-ḥanīfa as-samḥā’ the true and tolerant (religion. i.e.,
Islam)
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﳏﺔ‬musāmaḥa pardon, forgiveness; (pl. -āt) vacation, holidays
‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻣﺢ‬tasāmuḥ indulgence, forbearance, leniency, tolerance
‫ ﻣﺴــﻤﻮح ﺑــﻪ‬masmūḥ bihī allowed, permitted, permissible, admissible |
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﺣﺎت‬licenses, privileges, prerogatives
‫ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻣﺢ‬mutasāmiḥ indulgent, forbearing (‫ ﻣﻊ‬toward), tolerant
‫ ﲰﺤﺎق‬simḥāq pl. ‫ ﲰﺎﺣﻖ‬samāḥiq2 periosteum (anat.)
1‫ ﲰـﺪ‬samada u (‫ ﲰـﻮد‬sumūd) to raise one’s head proudly, bear one’s head
proudly erect (also with ‫ )اﻟﺮأس‬II to dung, manure, fertilize (‫ اﻷرض‬the soil)
‫ ﲰـﺎد‬samād pl. ‫ اﲰـﺪة‬asmida dung, manure, fertilizer | ‫( ﲰـﺎد ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ṣinā‘ī)
chemical fertilizer; ‫ﻋﻀﻮي‬ ‫ ﲰﺎد‬organic fertilizer
718
‫ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺪ‬tasmīd manuring, fertilizing

‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺪ‬sāmid: ‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺪ اﻟﺮأس‬s. ar-ra’s with head erect
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﺪات‬musammidāt fertilizers
2 ‫ ﲰﻴـﺪ‬samīd (= ‫ )ﲰﻴـﺬ‬semolina (syr.); a kind of biscuit or rusk, sometimes
ring-shaped and sprinkled with sesame seed (eg.)
‫ ﲰﺪور‬sumdūr pl. ‫ ﲰﺎدﻳﺮ‬samādīr2 dizziness, vertigo
‫ ﲰﻴﺬ‬samīd semolina
1 ‫ ﲰـﺮ‬samura u (‫ ﲰـﺮة‬sumra) to be or turn brown; -- samara u (samr, ‫ﲰـﻮر‬
sumūr) to chat in the evening or at night; to chat, talk (generally) II to nail,
fasten with nails (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to or on); to drive in (‫ اﳌﺴـﻤﺎر‬al-mismār the nail)
III to spend the night or evening in pleasant conversation, chat at night or in
the evening (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to converse, talk, chat(‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to be or get
nailed down, be fastened with nails: to stand as if pinned to the ground VI to
spend the night or evening in pleasant conversation, chat with one another at
night or in the evening; to converse, talk, chat IX = I samura
‫ ﲰـﺮ‬saar pl. ‫ اﲰـﺎر‬asmār nightly, or evening, chat; conversation, talk, chat;
Confidential
night, darkness
‫ ﲰﺮة‬sumra brownness, brown color
‫ ﲰـﺎر‬samār (eg.) a variety of rush used for plaiting mats (Juncus spinocus
F., bot.) | ‫ﺻﻠﺐ‬ ‫( ﲰﺎر ﻫﻨﺪي‬hindī ṣulb) a variety of bamboo
‫ ﲰــﲑ‬samīr companion in nightly entertainment, conversation partner;
entertainer in general, with stories, songs, music, amusing improvisations)
‫ ﲰـﲑة‬samīra woman partner in nightly or evening conversation; woman
entertainer; woman companion (who entertains with lively conversation)
‫ اﲰـﺮ‬asmar2, f. ‫ ﲰـﺮاء‬samrā’2, pl. ‫ ﲰـﺮ‬sumr brown; tawny; pl. ‫ﲰـﺮاوات‬
samrāwāt brown-skinned women
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻣﺮ‬masāmir2 (pl.) evening or nightly entertainments (conversations,
also games, vocal recitals, storytelling, etc.)
‫ ﻣﺴـﻤﺎر‬mismār pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻣﲑ‬masāmīr2 nail; peg; pin, tack, rivet; corn (on the
toes)
‫ اﳋﻂ اﳌﺴﻤﺎري‬al-kaṭṭ al-mismārī cuneiform writing
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﺮة‬musāmara nightly or evening chat; conversation, talk, chat
‫ ﺳـﺎﻣﺮ‬sāmir pl. ‫ ﲰـﺎر‬summār companion in nightly entertainment; causeur,
conversationalist; entertainer
719
‫ ﺳـﻮاﻣﺮ‬sawāmir2 (pl.) evenings of entertainment, social evenings; evening

or nightly entertainments (conversations, also games, vocal recitals,
storytelling, etc.)
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﺮ‬musammar fastened with nails, nailed on, nailed down; provided, or
studded, with nails; hobnailed
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﺮ‬musāmir companion in nightly entertainment, conversation partner
2‫ اﻟﺴﺎﻣﺮة‬as-sāmira the Samaritans
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺮي‬sāmirī Samaritan; (pl. -ūn, ‫ ﲰﺮة‬samara) a Samaritan

3‫ ﲰﻮر‬pl. ‫ ﲰﺎﻣﲑ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﲰﺮﻗﻨﺪ‬samarqand2 Samarkand (city in Uzbek S.S.R.)

‫ ﲰﺴﺮ‬samsara to act as broker or middleman
‫ ﲰﺴﺮة‬samsara brokerage; caravansary
‫ ﲰﺴـﺎر‬simsār pl. ‫ ﲰﺎﺳـﺮة‬samāsira, ‫ ﲰﺎﺳـﺮ‬samāsir2, ‫ ﲰﺎﺳـﲑ‬samāsīr2 broker,
jobber, middleman, agent | ‫اﻷﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ ﲰﺴﺎر‬s. al-ashum stockbroker
‫ ﲰﺴﲑة‬samsīra (ir.) go-between, match-maker
Confidential
‫ ﲰﻂ‬samaṭa u (samṭ) to scold (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to prepare (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﲰﻂ‬simṭ pl. ‫ ﲰﻮط‬sumūṭ string, thread (of a pearl necklace)
‫ ﲰـﺎط‬simāṭ pl. -āt, ‫ ﲰـﻂ‬sumuṭ, ‫ اﲰﻄـﺔ‬asmiṭa cloth on which food is served;
meal, repast
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﻂ‬masmaṭ pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻂ‬masāmiṭ2 scalding house (where the carcasses of
slaughtered animals are scalded)
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﻂ‬mismaṭ pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻂ‬masāmiṭ2 vine prop
‫ ﲰﻊ‬sami‘a a (sam‘, ‫ ﲰﺎع‬samā‘, ‫ ﲰﺎﻋﺔ‬samā‘a, ‫ ﻣﺴـﻤﻊ‬masma‘) to hear (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.; ‫ ب‬of or about s.th.; ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to learn, be told (‫ ﻫـ ﻣﻦ‬of
or about s.th. from s.o.); to listen, pay attention (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to s.th.; ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.o.),
hear s.o. (‫ )ﻣـﻦ‬out; to learn by hearsay (‫ ب‬about s.th.); to overhear (‫ ب‬s.th.);

to give ear, lend one’s ear (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل‬ ‫( ﱂ ﻳﺴـﻤﻊ ﺑـﻪ‬yusma‘)
to s.o., to s.th.) |
unheard-of II to make or let (‫ ه‬s.o.) hear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.) to
hear; to recite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to say (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s lesson); to dishonor, discredit (‫ب‬
s.o.) IV to make or let (‫ ه‬s.o.) hear (‫ ه‬s.th.), give (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. s.th.) to hear; to
let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or about s.th.), tell (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. about s.th.) V to give
720
ear, listen, lend one’s ear (‫ل‬ ,‫اﱃ‬ to s.o., to s.th.); to eavesdrop, listen
(secretly) VI ‫ ﺗﺴـﺎﻣﻊ ﺑـﻪ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬people heard about him from one another, word
about him got around, he became known among people VIII to hear,
overhear (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to listen, listen closely, give ear, lend one’s ear (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬or
‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. or s.th.); to eavesdrop; to auscultate (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ ﲰـﻊ‬sam‘ hearing, sense of hearing, audition; ears; (pl. ‫ اﲰـﺎع‬asmā‘) ear |
‫ﺷــﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﺴــﻤﻊ‬ earwitness; ‫اﻟﺴــﻤﻊ واﻟﻄﺎﻋــﺔ‬ ‫ﲰﻌــﺎ وﻃﺎﻋــﺔ‬
as-sam‘u wa-ṭ-ṭā‘a and
sam‘an wa ṯā‘atan I hear and obey! at your service! very well! ‫ ﲢـﺖ ﲰﻌﻬـﻢ‬in
their hearing, for them to hear; ‫اﻟﺴـﻤﻊ‬ ‫ اﺳـﱰق‬istaraqa s-sam‘a to eavesdrop; to
monitor, intercept; ‫( اﻟﻘـﻰ ﺑﺴـﻤﻌﻪ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬alqā) to listen to s.o.; ‫ ﻣـﺪ ﲰﻌـﻪ‬madda
sam‘ahū to prick up one’s ears
‫ ﲰﻌــﻲ‬sam‘ī auditory, auditive, hearing (used attributively); acoustic;
acoustical; traditional | ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻌﻴﺎت‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ‬ilm as-sam‘īyāt acoustics
‫ ﲰﻌـﺔ‬sum‘a reputation (specif., good reputation), credit, standing, name |
Confidential
‫ ﲪﻴـﺪ )ﺣﺴـﻦ( اﻟﺴـﻤﻌﺔ‬hamīd (ḥasan) reputable, respectable; ‫رديء )ﺳـﻲء( اﻟﺴـﻤﻌﺔ‬
radī’ (sayyi’) ill-reputed, disreputable
‫ ﲰـﺎع‬samā‘ hearing, listening, listening in; auditioning, audition; hearing,
receiving (e.g., of a verdict); (gram. and lex.) generally accepted usage
‫ ﲰـﺎﻋﻲ‬samā‘ī acoustic; acoustical; audible; (gram. and lex.) sanctioned by
common usage; derived from tradition, traditional, unwritten (Isl. Law)
‫ ﲰﺎﻋﻴﺎت‬samā‘īyāt acoustics (phys.)
‫ ﲰﻴﻊ‬samī‘ pl. ‫ ﲰﻌـﺎء‬suma‘ā’2 hearing, listening; hearer, listener; ‫ اﻟﺴـﻤﻴﻊ‬the
All-hearing (one of the 99 attributes of God)
‫ ﲰﺎﻋــﺔ‬sammā‘a pl. -āt earphone; earpiece; (telephone) receiver;
stethoscope; ear trumpet; knocker, rapper (of a door)
‫ ﻣﺴـﻤﻊ‬masma‘ earshot, hearing distance | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﺴـﻤﻊ ﻣـﻦ‬in the hearing of,
within earshot of; ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﻤﻊ‬for him to hear, so that he could hear it
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﻊ‬misma‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻊ‬masāmi‘2 ear; O stethoscope; (telephone) receiver
| ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻌﻬﻢ‬in their hearing, for them to hear
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﻌﺔ‬misma‘a earpiece; (telephone) receiver
‫ ﺳﺎﻣﻊ‬sāmi‘ pl. -ūn hearer, listener
721
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﻮع‬masmū‘ audible, perceptible | ‫ ﻣﺴﻤﻮع اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬m. al-kalima one whose

word carries weight, is paid attention to
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﻊ‬mustami‘ pl. -ūn hearer, listener; pl. ‫ اﳌﺴﺘﻤﻌﻮن‬the audience
1‫ ﲰﻖ‬samaqa u (‫ ﲰﻮق‬sumūq) to be high, tall, lofty, tower up
‫ ﲰﻮق‬samūq very high, towering; tall and lanky

‫ ﺳﺎﻣﻖ‬sāmiq very high, lofty, towering
2‫ ﲰـﺎق‬summāq sumac (Rhus; bot.); its highly acid seeds which, after
being dried and ground, serve, together with thyme, as a condiment
‫ ﺣﺠﺮ ﲰﺎﻗﻲ‬ḥajar summāqī porphyry
‫ ﲰﻚ‬II to make thick, thicken (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﲰﻚ‬samk roof, ceiling
‫ ﲰﻚ‬sumk thickness
‫ ﲰـﻚ‬samak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﲰـﺎك‬simāk, ‫ اﲰـﺎك‬asmāk fish | ‫ ﲰـﻚ ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ‬s.
mūsā plaice (zool.)
‫ ﲰﻜﺔ‬samaka (n. un.) a fish; ‫ اﻟﺴﻤﻜﺔ‬the Fish, Pisces (astron.)
Confidential
‫ ﲰﻜﻲ‬samakī fish-like, fishy, piscine, fish (adj.)
‫ ﲰـﺎك‬simāk: ‫ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎﻛﺎن‬as-simākān Arcturus and Spica Virginis (astron.) |
‫ اﻟﺴﻤﺎك اﻟـﺮاﻣﺢ‬Arcturus (astron.); ‫( اﻟﺴـﻤﺎك اﻷﻋـﺰل‬a‘zal) Spice Virginis (astron.);
‫( ﺣﻠﻖ اﱃ اﻟﺴﻤﺎﻛﲔ‬ḥallaqa) to have high-flown aspirations
‫ ﲰﺎك‬sammāk fishmonger; fisherman, fisher
‫ ﲰﻴﻚ‬samīk thick
‫ ﲰﺎﻛﺔ‬samāka thickness
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻚ‬masāmik2 fish stores, sea-food stores
‫ ﲰﻜﺮة‬samkara tinsmith’s trade, tinsmithing
‫ ﲰﻜﺮي‬samkarī tinsmith, tinner, white-smith
‫ ﲰﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬samkarīya trade or work of a tinsmith, tinsmithing
‫ ﲰﻞ‬samala u (saml) to gouge, scoop out, tear out (‫‘ ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ‬ainahū s.o.’s eye);
-- samala u (‫ ﲰﻮل‬sumūl, ‫ ﲰﻮﻟﺔ‬sumūla) to be worn, tattered, in rags (garment)
IV to be worn, tattered, in rags (garment) VIII to gouge, scoop out, tear out
(‫‘ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‬ainahū s.o.’s eye)
722
‫ ﲰـﻞ‬samal pl. ‫ اﲰـﺎل‬asmāl worn garment; tatters, rags; last remainder of a

liquid in a vessel | ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻞ‬
‫ ﺷﺮب اﻟﻜﺄس ﺣﱴ‬to drain the cup to the dregs
‫ ﲰـﻦ‬samina a (siman, ‫ ﲰﺎﻧـﺔ‬samāna) to be or become fat, corpulent, obese,
stout, plump, fleshy, put on weight II and IV to make fat or plump, fatten (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ ﲰﻦ‬samn pl. ‫ ﲰﻮن‬sumūn clarified butter, cooking butter
‫ ﲰﻦ‬siman fatness, plumpness, fleshiness, stoutness, corpulence; obesity
‫ ﲰﻨﺔ‬simna fatness, plumpness, fleshiness, stoutness, corpulence; obesity
‫ ﲰﻮن‬summūn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﲰﺎﻣﻦ‬samāmin2 quail (zool.)
‫ ﲰﲔ‬samīn pl. ‫ ﲰﺎن‬simān fat; corpulent, plump, fleshy, stout, obese
‫ ﲰﺎن‬summān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬quail (zool.)
‫ ﲰﺎن‬sammān butter merchant
‫ ﲰﺎﻧﺔ‬samāna: ‫ ﲰﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬s. ar-rijl calf of the leg
‫ ﲰـﺎﱏ‬sumānā (coll.; n. un. ‫ ﲰـﺎ ة‬sumānāh) pl. ‫ ﲰﺎﻧﻴـﺎت‬sumānayāt quail
Confidential
(zool.)
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﻦ‬musamman fat
‫( ﲰﻨﺘﻮ‬Sp. cemento) cement
‫ ﲰﻨﺠﻮﱐ‬samanjūnī and ‫ ﲰﺎﳒﻮﱐ‬samānjūnī sky-blue, azure, cerulean
‫ ﲰﻨﺪر‬samandar salamander
‫ ﲰﻨﺪل‬samandal salamander
‫ ﲰﻬـﻮري‬samhūrī tall and husky, extremely tall, of giant stature ( ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻣـﺔ‬
‫ ;)اﻟﺴﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ‬spear (originally epithet of a strong, tough spear)
‫ ﲰﺔ‬sima see ‫وﺳﻢ‬
‫ )ﲰﺎ )ﲰﻮ‬samā u (‫ ﲰﻮ‬sumūw) to be high, elevated, raised, erect, lofty, tall,
eminent, prominent; to rise high, tower up; to be above or beyond s.th. or
s.o. (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, rise above, tower above (‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to be too proud (or for); to be too
high or difficult (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for s.o.), be or go beyond the understanding of s.o.
(‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, exceed s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋـﻦ‬understanding; to rise (‫ اﱃ‬to, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬above or beyond);

to be higher (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬than); to strive (‫ اﱃ‬for), aspire (‫ اﱃ‬to, after) | ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ ﲰـﺎ‬to lift,
raise, elevate, elevate load up, bring up s.o. or s.th. (‫ اﱃ‬to); to buoy s.o. up,
723
boost, encourage s.o. III to seek to surpass or excel (‫ ه‬s.o.): to vie for
superiority or glory (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to lift, raise, elevate, erect, load up,
bring up (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) VI to vie with one another for glory; to be high,
elevated, raised, erect, lofty, tall, eminent, prominent; to rise high, tower up;
to be above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, rise above, tower above (‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to
claim to be higher in rank (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬than s.o. else), claim to be above s.o. (‫;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
to deem o.s. highly superior
‫ ﲰـﻮ‬sumūw height, altitude; exaltedness, loftiness, eminence, highness |
‫ﲰــﻮ اﻟــﺪوق‬ His Grace the Duke; ‫( ﺻــﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺴــﻤﻮ اﳌﻠﻜــﻰ‬malakī) His Royal
Highness; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺒﺔ اﻟﺴـﻤﻮ اﳌﻠﻜـﻲ‬Her Royal Highness; ‫ﲰـﻮ اﻷﺧـﻼق‬ nobility of
character
‫ ﲰـﺎء‬samā’ m. and f., pl. (‫ ﲰـﻮات( ﲰـﺎوات‬samāwāt heaven, sky; firmament |
‫ ﲰﺎء اﻟﺴﻤﺎوات‬the highest heaven
‫ ﲰﺎﺋﻲ‬samā’ī heavenly, celestial; sky, blue, azure, cerulean
‫ ﲰـﺎوي‬samāwī heavenly, celestial; sky, blue, azure, cerulean; descended
Confidential
from heaven; open-air, outdoor, (being) under the open sky; divine,
pertaining to God and religion
‫ ﲰﻲ‬samīy high, elevated; exalted, lofty, sublime, august
‫ اﲰـﻰ‬asmā higher, farther up, above; more exalted, higher (in rank), more
eminent, loftier, more sublime
‫ ﺳـﺎم‬sāmin pl. ‫ ﲰـﺎة‬sumāh high, elevated; exalted, lofty, eminent, sublime,
august | ‫ﺳﺎم‬ ‫( اﻣﺮ‬amr) royal decree; ‫ اﳌﻨﺪوب اﻟﺴﺎﻣﻲ‬the High Commissioner
‫ ﲰﻮر‬sammūr pl. ‫ ﲰﺎﻣﲑ‬samāmīr2 sable (Martes zibellina; zool.)
‫ ﲰـﻰ‬II to name, call, designate, denominate (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬by or
with a name), give a name (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to title, entitle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ ب‬
s.th. as or with); to nominate, appoint (‫ل‬

‫ ه‬s.o. to s.th.); to pronounce the
name of God by saying ‫( ﺑﺴـﻢ ﷲ | ﲰـﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬sammā llāha) or ‫ ﲰـﻰ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬to
invoke God over s.th. by saying ‫ ﺑﺴــﻢ ﷲ‬IV to name, call, designate,
denominate (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬by or with a name), give a name (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
to s.o., to s.th.); to title, entitle (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬as or with) V to be called, be
named | ‫ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺰﻳﺪ‬he was named Zaid, he called himself Zaid
724
‫ اﺳﻢ‬ism see 1‫ﺳﻢ‬

‫ ﲰﻰ‬samīy namesake
‫ ﺗﺴ ــﻤﻴﺔ‬tasmiya pl. -āt naming, appellation, designation, name,
denomination; nomenclature; = ‫ ﺑﺴﻤﻞ‬basmala (use of the formula ‫ﷲ‬ ‫)ﺑﺴﻢ‬
‫ ﻣﺴــﻤﻰ‬musamman named, called, by name of; -- (pl. ‫ﻣﺴــﻤﻴﺎت‬
musammayāt) designation, appellation, name; sense, meaning (of a word) |
‫( اﱃ أﺟﻞ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ‬ajalin) for a limited period, ‫ اﱃ أﺟـﻞ ﻏـﲑ ﻣﺴـﻤﻰ‬for an indefinite
time, sine die, until further notice
‫ ﺳـﻨﻮن‬sinūn, ‫ ﺳـﻨﻮات‬sanawāt year | ‫( ﺳـﻨﺔ ﷴﻳـﺔ‬muḥammadīya)
2‫ ﺳـﻨﺔ‬sana pl.
Mohammedan year; ‫ ﺳـﻨﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺴـﺔ‬leap year; ‫( ﺳـﻨﺔ ﻣﺴـﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬masīḥīya) year of the
Christian era, A.D.; ‫( ﺳـﻨﺔ ﻫﺠﺮﻳـﺔ‬hijrīya) year of the Muslim era (after the
hegira), A.H.; ‫( ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻴﻼدﻳﺔ‬mīlādīya) year of the Christian era, A.D.
‫ ﺳﻨﻮي‬sanawī annual, yearly; ‫ ﺳﻨﻮ‬sanawīyan annually, yearly, in one year,
per year, per annum
‫ ﻣﺴﺎ ﺔ‬musānahatan annually, yearly
Confidential
2‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬sina see ‫وﺳﻦ‬
3‫ ﺳﻦ‬sanna u (sann) to sharpen, whet, hone, grind (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to mold, shape,
form (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to prescribe, introduce, enact, establish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a law, a custom) |

‫ ﺳـﻦ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮ‬to enact, or pass, a law II to sharpen, whet, hone, grind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
indent, jag, notch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to grow teeth, cut one’s teeth, teethe; to grow
old, to age; to be advanced in years VIII to clean and polish one’s teeth with
the ‫ ;ﺳـﻮاك‬to take, follow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a course or way); to prescribe, introduce, enact,
establish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a law, a custom) | ‫ﷴ‬ ‫( اﺳـﱳ ﺳـﻨﺔ‬sunnata m.) to follow the Sunna
of Mohammed
‫ ﺳﻦ‬sann prescription, introduction, enactment, issuance (of laws)
‫ ﺳـﻦ‬sinn f., pl. ‫ اﺳـﻨﺎن‬asnān, ‫ اﺳـﻨﺔ‬asinna, ‫ اﺳـﻦ‬asunn tooth (also, e.g., of a
comb; of a saw blade); jag; cog, sprocket, prong; tusk (of an elephant, of a
boar, etc.); fang (of a snake, etc.); point, tip (of a nail), nib (of a pen); (pl.
‫ اﺳـﻨﺎن‬asnān) age (of a person); -- (eg.) coarse flour, seconds | ‫ ﺳـﻦ اﻟﺮﺷـﺪ‬s. ar-
rušd legal age, majority; ‫ ﺳـﻦ اﻟﻔﻴـﻞ‬s. al-fīl ivory; ‫ ﺻـﻐﲑ اﻟﺴـﻦ‬young; ‫ﻛﺒـﲑ اﻟﺴـﻦ‬
725
old; ‫ﻃﻌــﻦ ﰲ اﻟﺴــﻦ‬ to be advanced in years, be aged; ‫ﺗﻘــﺪﻣﺖ ﺑــﻪ اﻟﺴــﻦ‬

(taqaddamat) to grow older, to age; to be advanced in years
‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬sunna pl. ‫ ﺳـﻨﻦ‬sunan habitual practice, customary procedure or action,
norm, usage sanctioned by tradition; ‫ اﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬or ‫ ﺳـﻨﺔ اﻟﻨـﱯ‬s. an-nabīy the Sunna
of the Prophet, i.e., his sayings and doings, later established as legally
binding precedents (in addition to the Law established by the Koran) | ‫اﻫـﻞ‬
‫ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ahl as-s. the Sunnites, the orthodox Muslims; ‫ ﺳﻨﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬law of nature
‫ ﺳﲏ‬sunnī Sunnitic; (pl. -ūn) Sunnite, Sunni
‫ ﺳﻨﻦ‬sanan customary practice, usage, habit, rule
‫ ﺳﻨﺎن‬sinān pl. ‫ اﺳﻨﺔ‬asinna spearhead
‫ ﺳﻨﻮن‬sanūn tooth powder
‫ اﺳﻦ‬asann2 older, farther advanced in years
‫ ﻣﺴﻦ‬misann pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﺴﺎن‬masann whetstone, grindstone; razor strop
‫ ﻣﺴـﻨﻮن‬masnūn prescribed (as Sunna), sanctioned by law and custom;
sharpened, whetted, honed; tapered; pointed (e.g., mustache, features);
Confidential
stinking, fetid (mire)
‫ ﻣﺴـﻨﻦ‬musannan toothed, serrated, dentate, denticulate, indented, jagged;
pointed, sharp; sharp-featured (countenance)
‫ ﻣﺴﻨﻨﺔ‬musannana pl. -āt cogwheel
‫ ﻣﺴـﻦ‬musinn pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎن‬masānn2 old, aged, advanced in years; of legal age,
legally major
‫ ﺳﻨﺎ‬see ‫ﺳﻨﻮ‬
‫ ﺳﻨﺎرة‬sinnāra pl. ‫ ﺳﻨﺎﻧﲑ‬sanānīr2 fishing tackle; fishhook
‫ ﺳﻨﺒﺎذج‬sanbādaj grindstone, whetstone; emery
‫ ﺳﻨﺒﻮق‬sunbūq pl. ‫ ﺳﻨﺎﺑﻴﻖ‬sanābiq2 barge, skiff, boat
1‫ ﺳﻨﺒﻚ‬sunbuk pl. ‫ ﺳﻨﺎﺑﻚ‬sanābik2 toe of the hoof; hoof; awl, punch, borer
2‫ ﺳـﻨﺒﻚ‬sunbuk pl. ‫ ﺳـﻨﺎﺑﻚ‬sanābik and ‫ﺳـﻨﺒﻮك‬ sunbūk pl. ‫ ﺳـﻨﺎﺑﻴﻚ‬sanābīk2

barge, skiff, boat
‫ ﺳـﻨﺒﻞ‬sunbul (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt, ‫ ﺳـﻨﺎﺑﻞ‬sanābil2 ear, spike (of grain);
‫ اﻟﺴـﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬Virgo (astron.) | ‫( اﻟﺴـﻨﺒﻞ اﻟﺮوﻣـﻲ‬rūmī) Celtic spikenard (Nardus celtica;
bot.); ‫( اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻞ اﳍﻨﺪي‬hindī) Indian spikenard (Nardotachys jatamansi; bot.)
726
‫ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻲ‬sunbulī spiciform, spicat, shaped like a spike or ear (bot.)

‫ ﺳﻨﺒﻮﺳـﻚ‬sanbūsik, sanbūsak (syr., ir.) triangular meat pie with a wavy
bread crust
‫ ﺳﻨﺖ‬cent
‫ ﺳﻨﺘﻤﱰ‬satimitr pl. -āt centimeter
1‫ ﺳﻨﺠﺔ‬sanja pl. ‫ ﺳﻨﺞ‬sinaj, ‫ ﺳﻨﺞ‬sanajāt weight (placed as a counterpoise on
the scales of a balance)
2‫ ﺳﻨﺠﺔ‬singa (from Turk. süngü) pl. ‫ ﺳﻨﺞ‬sinag bayonet (eg.)
3‫ ﺳﻨﺎج‬sināj soot, smut

‫ ﺳﻨﺠﺎب‬sinjāb gray squirrel; fur of the gray squirrel
‫ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﰊ‬sinjābī ash-colored, ashen, gray
‫ ﺳــﻨﺠﻖ‬sanjaq pl. ‫ ﺳــﻨﺎﺟﻖ‬sanājiq2 standard, flag, banner; sanjak,
administrative district and subdivision of a vilayet (in the Ottoman Empire)
‫ ﺳﻨﺢ‬sanaḥa a (sunḥ, sunūḥ, ‫ ﺳﻨﻮح‬sunūḥ) to occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come to s.o,’s
mind (‫ل‬, idea, thought); to present itself, offer itself (‫ ل‬to s.o., esp. an
Confidential
opportunity); to afford (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬s.o s.th.); -- to dissuade (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from his
opinion), argue or reason (‫ ﻋﻦ ه‬s.o. out of his opinion)
‫ ﺳـﺎﻧﺢ‬sāniḥ pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮاﻧﺢ‬sawāniḥ2 turning its right side toward the viewer
(game or bird); auspicious, propitious; favorable, good (opportunity); pl.
‫ ﺳﻮاﻧﺢ‬auspices, good omens, auspicious signs; ideas, thoughts
‫ ﺳﺎﳓﺔ‬sāniḥa opportunity
‫ ﺳـﻨﺦ‬sink pl. ‫ اﺳـﻨﺎخ‬asnāk, ‫ ﺳـﻨﻮخ‬sunūk root, origin; alveolus, gingival
margin of a tooth (anat.)
‫ ﺳﻨﺦ‬sanak rankness (of oil). fustiness
‫ ﺳﻨﺦ‬sanik rank, rancid (oil), fusty
‫ ﺳﻨﺎﺧﺔ‬sanāka rankness (of oil), fustiness
1‫ ﺳـﻨﺪ‬sanada u (‫ ﺳـﻨﻮد‬sunūd) to support o.s., prop o.s. rest (‫ اﱃ‬on, upon),
lean, recline (‫ اﱃ‬upon, against) II to support, stay, prop, lean (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to
support, back, assist, help, aid (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) rest (‫ اﱃ‬on); to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) lean or recline (‫ اﱃ‬against, on); to lean (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. against); to
rest, support, prop (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. on); to base, found (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. on); (science of
727
Islamic traditions:) to base a tradition (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬on s.o. (‫ )اﱃ‬as its first authority,
i.e., to trace back the ascription of a tradition. in ascending order of the
traditionaries, to its first authority so as to corroborate its credibility; (gram.)
to lean a term (‫ )ﻫـ‬upon another (‫ )اﱃ‬being the subject of the sentence, i.e., to
predicate it, make it its predicate; to entrust (‫ ل‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to s.o.). vest (‫ل‬
or ‫اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬ s.th. in s.o.); to attribute, ascribe (‫ل‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ or ‫اﱃ‬ to s.o. s.th.); to
incriminate, charge (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. with); to lean (‫ اﱃ‬against, to, on), rest (‫ اﱃ‬on);
to be based, he founded (‫ اﱃ‬on) | ‫( اﺳـﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﻤـﺔ اﱃ‬tuhma) to direct one’s
suspicion on or toward ...; ‫( اﺳـﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﻤـﺔ اﱃ‬usnidat) suspicion fell on ... VI to
support one another, give mutual support; to support o.s. lean, rest; to trust,
rely VIII to lean, recline, be recumbent (‫اﱃ‬ ,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against, on); to rest one’s
arms, one’s weight (‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), support one’s weight (‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬by); to be
based, be founded (‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to rely (‫ اﱃ‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), trust, have confidence
(‫اﱃ‬ ,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in); to use as (documentary) basis (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, s.th.), rest one’s case on
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ( ﺳـﻨﺪ‬sanad pl. -āt, ‫ اﺳـﻨﺎد‬asnād support, prop, stay, rest, back; backing;
Confidential
(pl. ‫ )اﺳـﻨﺎد‬ascription (of an Islamic tradition), the (uninterrupted) chain of
authorities on which a tradition is based | ‫( ﺳـﻨﺪات ﺧﺸـﺒﻴﺔ‬kašabīya) wooden
struts, wood bracing; -- (pl. -āt) document, deed, paper, legal instrument;
voucher, record; commercial, or negotiable, paper, security, bond;
debenture, promissory note, note of hand, debenture bond | ‫اﻟﺒﻀـﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ﺳـﻨﺪ ﺷـﺤﻦ‬
s. saḥn al-b. bill of lading; ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺪ‬‫ رﺟﺎل‬informants, authorities, sources
‫ ﺳﻨﺪان‬sandān, sindān pl. ‫ ﺳﻨﺎدﻳﻦ‬sanādīn2 anvil
‫ ﻣﺴـﻨﺪ‬musnad, masnad pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻧﺪ‬masānid2 support, prop, stay; rest, back
(of an armchair); cushion, pillow
‫ اﺳـﻨﺎد‬isnād pl. ‫ اﺳـﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬asānīd2 ascription (of an Islamic tradition), the
(uninterrupted) chain of authorities on which a tradition is based; ‫اﺳـﺎﻧﻴﺪ‬
(documentary) proof, vouchers, records, documents
‫ اﺳـﺘﻨﺎد‬istinād leaning (‫ اﱃ‬against or upon); dependence (‫ اﱃ‬on) | ‫اﺳـﺘﻨﺎدا اﱃ‬
based on, on the basis of, on the strength of
‫ ﻣﺴــﻨﺪ‬musnad pl. ‫ ﻣﺴــﺎﻧﺪ‬masānid2 (science of Islamic traditions:) a
tradition the ascription of which is traceable, in (uninterrupted) ascending
728
order of the traditionaries, to its first authority; mesh; ‫اﳌﺴــﻨﺪ‬ predicate

(gram.); ‫اﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ اﳌﺴﻨﺪ‬subject (gram.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬mustanid relying, in reliance (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬,‫ اﱃ‬on), trusting (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬,‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‬mustanad reason, cause; motive; -- (pl. -āt) document, paper, deed,
legal instrument; voucher, record; receipt; pl. (documentary) proof, records,
data; legal evidence (jur.) | ‫ دار اﳌﺴـﺘﻨﺪات‬archives, office of public records;
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات اﻟﺸﺤﻦ‬m. aš-šaḥn bills of lading
2‫ اﻟﺴـﻨﺪ‬as-sind region extending along the lower course and delta of the
Indus river; the province of Sind, of West Pakistan, with the capital city
Karachi; the inhabitants of this region
‫ ﺳــﻨﺪروس‬sandarūs sandarac (a resin obtained from the sandarac tree,
Callitris quadrivalvis)
‫ ﺳﻨﺪس‬sundus silk brocade, sarcenet
‫ ﺳﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬sundusī (made) of silk brocade or sarcenet
‫( ﺳﻨﺪال = ﺳﻨﺪان‬see above)
‫ ﺳـﻨﺪ ن‬sindiyān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬evergreen oak, holm oak (Quercus ilex;
Confidential
bot.)
‫ ﺳﻨﺪ ﱐ‬sindiyānī oaken; like oak. oaky
‫( ﺳﻨﺪﻳﻚ‬Fr. syndic) sandīk syndic, agent of a corporation
1‫ ﺳﻨﻮر‬sinnaur, pl. ‫ ﺳﻨﺎﻧﲑ‬sanānīr2 cat
2‫ ﺳﻨﺎرة‬sinnāra pl. ‫ ﺳﻨﺎﻧﲑ‬sanānīr2 fishing tackle, fishhook
‫ اﻟﺴﻨﺴﻜﺮﻳﺘﻴﺔ‬as-sanskrītīya Sanskrit
1‫ ﺳﻨﻂ‬sanṭ a variety of sant tree (Acacia nilotica; bot.)
2 ‫ﺳﻨﻄﺔ‬sanṭa (eg.) wart

‫ ﺳﻨﻄﻮر‬sanṭūr dulcimer (= ‫)ﺳﻨﻄﲑ‬
‫ ﺳﻨﻄﲑ‬sinṭīr, sanṭīr psalter; dulcimer
‫ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﻣﺮة‬singāfūra Singapore
‫ ﺳﻨﻐﺎل‬sinigāl
‫ ﺳﻨﻒ‬sinf (coll.; n. un. m) pod, capsule, hull (bot.)
‫ ﺳﻨﻔﺮة‬sanfara emery
‫ ﺳﻨﻜﺮى‬sankarī pl. ‫ ﺳﻨﺎﻛﺮة‬sanākira tinsmith, tinsman, tinner, whitesmith
729
‫ ﺳﻨﻜﺴﺎر‬sinaksār synaxarion, martyrologium (Chr.)

‫( ﺳﻨﻜﺔ‬Turk. süngü) sənge bayonet (syr.)
‫ ﺳﻨﻜﻮ‬sinkūnā cinchona (bot.)
‫ ﺳـﻨﻢ‬V to ascend, mount, scale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﺗﺴـﻨﻢ ذروة اﳌﻌـﺎﱄ‬darwat l-ma‘ālī)
to attain to greatest honors
‫ ﺳﻨﻤﺔ‬sanama height, summit, peak
‫ ﺳﻨﺎم‬sanām pl. ‫ اﺳﻨﻤﺔ‬asnima hump (of the camel)
‫ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺘﺴﻨﻴﻢ‬mā’ at-tasnīm the beverage of the blessed in Paradise
‫ ﺗﺴﻨﻢ‬tasannum accession to the throne
‫ ﻣﺴﻨﻢ‬musannam convex, vaulted, arched
1‫ ﺳـﻨﻤﺎر‬sinimmār2: ‫ ﺟـﺰاﻩ ﺟـﺰاء ﺳـﻨﻤﺎر‬jazāhu jazā’ s. he repaid him as they
had repaid S., i.e., he requited evil with good
2‫ ﺳﻨﻤﻮرة‬sanamūra anchovy; salted and smoked fish
1‫ ﺳﻨﻪ‬V to become stale, spoil (food)
2‫ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﺎ‬musānahatan annually, yearly
Confidential
1‫ ﺳـﻨﺎ‬sanā,
leaflets (pharm.)
2‫ )ﺳــﻨﻮ‬and
‫ ﺳـﻨﺎ ﻣﻜـﻰ‬s. makkī, ‫ ﺳـﻨﺎ ﻣﻜـﺔ‬s. maka (bot.) senna (tree), senna
‫ﺳــﲏ( ﺳــﻨﺎ‬ sanā u (‫ ﺳــﻨﺎء‬sanā’) to gleam, shine, glisten, be
resplendent, radiate; to flash (lightning) II to facilitate, ease, make easy (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.) V to be easy, be possible, be feasible (‫ ل‬for or to s.o.), be rendered
possible or feasible (‫ ل‬for s.o.), be put in s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬power; to rise, be
elevated, be exalted
‫ ﺳﲎ‬and ‫ ﺳﻨﺎ‬sanan brilliance, resplendence, splendor, flare, flash, sparkle
‫ ﺳـﻨﺎء‬sanā’ brilliance, resplendence, splendor, radiance, flash, flare (of
lightning); exaltedness, sublimity, majesty, high rank
‫ ﺳـﲏ‬sanīy high, sublime, exalted, splendid more shining, more radiant,
more brilliant
‫ ﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬sāniya pl. ‫ ﺳﻮان‬sawānin water scoop
‫ ﻣﺴﻨﺎة‬musannāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﻨﻴﺎت‬musannayāt jetty, dam
‫( ﺳﻨﻮدس‬Gr. σύνοδος) sinōdos synod
‫ ﺳﻨﻮﻧﻮ‬sanūnū swallow (zool.)
730
‫ ﺳـﻨﻮي‬sanawī annual, yearly; ‫ ﺳـﻨﻮ‬sanawīyan annually. yearly, per year,

per annum
‫ ﺳـﻬﺐ‬IV to speak at great length, talk in detail (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬about, of), enlarge,
elaborate, expatiate, dilate (‫ ﻋﻦ‬on)
‫ ﺳﻬﺐ‬suhb pl. ‫ ﺳﻬﻮب‬suhūb level country; steppe region
‫ اﺳــﻬﺎب‬ishāb elaboration, elaborateness, expatiation, long-windedness,
prolixity | ‫ﺳﻬﺎب‬ elaborately, in detail, at length, lengthily
‫ ﻣﺴﻬﺐ‬mushib, mushab prolix, long-winded, lengthy, detailed, elaborate
‫ ﺳـﻬﺪ‬sahida a (sahad) to be sleepless, find no sleep n to make sleepless,
keep awake, deprive of sleep (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ ﺳﻬﺪ‬suhd sleeplessness, insomnia
‫ ﺳﻬﺪ‬suhud insomniac
‫ ﺳﻬﺎد‬suhād sleeplessness, insomnia
‫ ﺳﺎﻫﺪ‬sāhid sleepless, awake
Confidential
‫ ﺳـﻬﺮ‬sahara a (sahar) to be sleepless, find no sleep, pass the night awake
(also with ‫ ;)اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬to stay up at night, spend the night (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in or with some
activity); to watch (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over), guard (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.’s interests, etc.), look after
(‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, attend to (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.’s interests, etc.) | ‫ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ‬

‫ ﺳـﻬﺮ ﰲ‬to attend a gathering
in the evening or at night IV to make sleepless, keep awake (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺳــﻬﺮ‬sahar sleeplessness, insomnia; wakefulness, vigil; watchfulness,
vigilance (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over) | ‫ﺳﻬﺮي‬ ‫ ﻃﺎل ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬I spent a long evening with him
‫ ﺳـﻬﺮة‬sahra pl. saharāt evening; evening party, evening gathering, evening
show or performance, soiree | ‫ﺳـﻬﺮة ﻟﻴﻠﻴـﺔ‬ (lailīya) do.; ‫ﺛﻴـﺎب )ﻟﺒـﺎس( اﻟﺴـﻬﺮة‬
evening dress, formal dress
‫ ﺳﻬﺮان‬sahrān sleepless, awake, wakeful; watchful, vigilant
‫ ﺳﻬﺎر‬suhār sleeplessness, insomnia; wakefulness, vigil
‫ ﺳﻬﺎر‬sahhār one who is habitually up and abroad at night, a nighthawk
O ‫ اﺳﻬﺮ‬ashar spermatic duct (anat.)
‫ ﻣﺴﻬﺮ‬mashar pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻫﺮ‬masāhir2 nightclub
731
‫ ﺳـﺎﻫﺮ‬sāhir sleepless, awake, wakeful; watchful, vigilant; evening, night,

nocturnal, nightly, taking place by night | ‫( ﺣﻔﻠـﺔ ﺳـﺎﻫﺮة‬ḥafla) evening party,
evening gathering, evening show or performance, soirée
‫ ﺳﻬﻒ‬sahifa a (sahaf) to be very thirsty
‫ ﺳﻬﻒ‬suhāf violent thirst
‫ ﺳـﻬﻞ‬sahula u (‫ ﺳـﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬suhūla) to be smooth, level, even (ground); to be or
become easy, facile, convenient (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for) | ‫ان‬ ‫ ﻻ ﻳﺴـﻬﻞ‬hardly ... II to smooth,
level, even (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the ground); to facilitate, make easy, ease (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.
s.th.); to provide, furnish, supply (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. with facilities); (gram.) to
read without hamzah (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a word) ill to be indulgent, mild, forbearing,

obliging (‫ ه‬toward s.o.), show (‫ ه‬s.o.) one’s good will | ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫( ﺳﺎﻫﻞ‬nafsahū)
to take liberties IV to purge (med.); to relieve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the constipated bowels,
said of a medicine); pass. ushila to be relieved (said of constipated bowels),
have a bowel movement, have diarrhea V to be or become easy (‫ ل‬for) VI to
Confidential
be indulgent, mild, forbearing, obliging, tolerant (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬toward s.o., also ‫ ;)ل‬to
be negligent, careless (‫ ل‬in s.th.) X to deem easy, think to be easy (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳــﻬﻞ‬sahl and sāhil smooth, level, even, soft (ground); easy, facile,
convenient (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); simple, plain; fluent, flowing, facile (style); -- (pl.
‫ ﺳـﻬﻮل‬suhūl) level, soft ground; plain | ‫ ﺳـﻬﻞ اﻻﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬handy, easy to handle
or to use, convenient for use; ‫ ﺳـﻬﻞ اﳍﻀـﻢ‬s. al-haḍm easily digestible, light;
‫‘( ﻋﻤﻠـﺔ ﺳـﻬﻞ‬umla) soft currency; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺴـﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬to be easy for s.o., come
easy to s.o.; ‫وﺳﻬﻼ‬ ‫ اﻫﻼ‬see ‫اﻫﻞ‬
O ‫ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ‬sahla (proof) planer (typ.)
‫ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ‬suhail Canopus (astron.)
‫ ﺳﻬﻞ‬sahūl purgative, laxative, aperient (adj. and n.)
‫ ﺳــﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬suhūla easiness, ease, facility, convenience | ‫ ﺑﺴــﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬easily,
conveniently
‫ اﺳﻬﻞ‬ashal smoother, evener, leveler; easier; more convenient
‫ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬tashīl pl. -āt facilitation
‫ اﺳﻬﺎل‬ishāl diarrhea
732
‫ ﺗﺴــﺎﻫﻞ‬tasāhul indulgence, mildness, leniency, forbearance, tolerance;

carelessness, negligence
‫ ﻣﺴــﻬﻞ‬musahhil purgative, laxative, aperient; (pl. -āt) a purgative, a
laxative
‫ ﻣﺴﻬﻞ‬mushal suffering from diarrhea
‫ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻫﻞ‬mutasāhil indulgent, mild, lenient, forbearing, tolerant
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺴﻬﻞ‬mustashal easy, facile
‫ ﺳـﻬﻢ‬sahama u (‫ ﺳـﻬﻮم‬suhūm) to look grave, have a grave expression III to
cast, or draw, lots (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to participate, take part (‫ ﰲ‬in), partake (‫ ﰲ‬of
s.th.), share (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) IV to give a share (‫ل‬ ‫ ﰲ‬to s.o. in), make s.o. (‫ )ل‬share
s.th. (‫)ﰲ‬
‫ ﺳـﻬﻢ‬sahm pl. ‫ ﺳـﻬﺎم‬sihām, ‫ اﺳـﻬﻢ‬ashum, ‫ ﺳـﻬﻮم‬suhūm arrow; dart; -- (pl.
‫ اﺳﻬﻢ‬ashum) portion, share, lot; share (of stock); sahme, a square measure of
7.293 m2 (Eg.) | ‫ ﺳـﻬﻢ ري‬rocket; ‫ اﺳـﻬﻢ اﻟﺘﺄﺳـﻴﺲ‬founders' shares, original
shares; ‫ اﺳـﻬﻢ اﻟﻘـﺮض‬a. al-qarḍ bonds, government bonds; ‫ ﲪﻠـﺔ اﻷﺳـﻬﻢ‬ḥ al-a.
Confidential
shareholders, stockholders; ‫ ﻧﻔـﺬ اﻟﺴـﻬﻢ‬the die is cast; ‫ﺿـﺮب ﺑﺴـﻬﻢ ﻣﺼـﻴﺐ ﰲ‬
(muṣībin) to take an active part in, participate actively in ...;
‫( وﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﰲ‬wa-naṣībin) do.

‫ﺿـﺮب ﺑﺴـﻬﻢ‬
‫ ﺳﻬﻮم‬suhūm graveness; sadness, mourning

‫ اﺳﻬﻤﻲ‬ashumī share-, stock- (in compounds)
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﳘﺔ‬musāhama participation, taking part (‫ ﰲ‬in), sharing (‫ ﰲ‬of) | ‫ﺷـﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ اﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ‬širkat al-m. joint-stock company, corporation
‫ ﺳﺎﻫﻢ‬sāhim with earnest mien, gravefaced
‫ ﻣﺴﻤﻬﻢ‬musāhim shareholder, stockholder
‫)ﺳــﻬﺎ )ﺳــﻬﻮ‬ sahā u (sahw, suhūw) to be inattentive, absent-minded,
distracted; to neglect, omit, forget, overlook (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫ﺳـﻬﻰ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ suhiya
‘alaihi to be lost in thought
‫ ﺳـﻬﻮ‬sahw inattentiveness, inattention, inadvertence, absent-mindedness
distractedness; negligence, neglectfulness, forgetfulness | ‫ﺳــﻬﻮا‬ sahwan
inattentively, distractedly, absent-mindedly, heedlessly, negligently;
inadvertently, by mistake
733
‫ ﺳﻬﻮة‬sahwa a kind of alcove

‫ ﺳﻬﻮان‬sahwān2 inattentive, heedless, distracted, absent-minded, forgetful
‫ ﺳـﺎﻩ‬sāhin inattentive, absent-minded, negligent, forgetful | ‫ﺳــﺎﻫﻴﺎ ﻻﻫﻴــﺎ‬
sāhiyan lāhiyan amusing o.s. in a carefree manner, completely at ease 2 ‫ﺳـﺎء‬
‫ ))ﺳـﻮء‬sā’a u (‫ ﺳـﻮء‬sau’) to be or become bad, evil, foul, wicked; to become
worse, deteriorate (condition); to grieve, sadden, afflict, hurt, vex, torment,
trouble, offend, pain, make sorry, displease (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻼ‬ ‫( ﺳﺎء‬sabīlan) what
an evil way (= what an evil practice) this is! ‫( ﺳـﺎء ﺑـﻪ ﻇﻨـﺎ‬ẓannan) to think
badly of s.o., have a poor opinion of s.o.; ‫( ﺳـﺎء ﻃﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‬ṭāli‘uhū) he was under
an evil star, was ill-starred, he was unlucky or unfortunate; ‫ ﻳﺴـﻮءﱐ‬yasū’unī I

am sorry II to do badly, spoil, harm (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to blame, censure (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.
for s.th.); to disapprove (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th. ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in s.o.), dislike (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. in s.o.) IV
to do badly, spoil, harm (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to deal badly (‫ اﱃ‬with s.o.), act meanly or
evilly (‫ اﱃ‬toward s.o.); to do evil (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), wrong (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to harm (‫اﱃ‬
Confidential
s.o.), do harm (‫ اﱃ‬to); to hurt, offend, insult (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to inflict pain (‫ اﱃ‬on
s.o.) | ‫اﻟﺘﺼـﺮف‬ ‫( اﺳـﺎء‬taṣarrufa) to misbehave, comport o.s. badly; ‫اﺳـﺎء اﻟﺘﺼـﺮف‬
‫ ﰲ‬to go about ... in an evil manner; ‫( اﺳﺎء اﻟﻈﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ẓanna) to think badly of s.o.,
have a poor opinion of s.o.; ‫ اﺳـﺎء اﻟﺘﻌﺒـﲑ‬to choose a poor expression, express
o.s. poorly; ‫ اﺳﺎء اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬to misuse, abuse s.th.; ‫( اﺳﺎء ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﻪ‬mu‘āmalatahū) to
mistreat s.o., treat s.o. badly; ‫( اﺳـﺎء اﻟﻔﻬـﻢ‬fahma) to misunderstand VIII to go
through rugged times, fall on evil days; to be unpleasantly affected; to be
offended, hurt, annoyed, indignant, upset, angered, displeased (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬about,
at, by); to be dissatisfied, discontent (‫ ﻣﻦ‬with); to take amiss (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳــﻮء‬sū’ pl. ‫ اﺳـﻮاء‬aswā’ evil, ill; iniquity, injury, offense; calamity,
misfortune |‫ ﺳـﻮء اﻟﺒﺨـﺖ‬s. al-bakt misfortune, bed luck; ‫ ﺳـﻮء اﳊـﻆ‬s. al-ḥaẓẓ
do.; ‫ ﻟﺴﻮء اﳊﻆ‬unfortunately; ‫ ﺳﻮء اﳋﻠﻖ‬s. al-kuluq ill nature, ill-temperedness;
‫ ﺳـﻮء اﳊـﺎل‬bad conditions; ‫ ﺳـﻮء اﳊﺎﻟـﺔ‬bad situation, predicament; ‫ ﺳـﻮء اﻻدارة‬s.

al-idāra mal-administration, mismanagement; ‫ ﺳــﻮء اﻟﺴــﻠﻮك‬bed behavior,
misbehavior, misconduct; ‫اﻟﻈﻦ‬ ‫ ﺳﻮء‬s. aẓ-ẓann poor opinion; ‫ ﺳـﻮء اﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺎت‬bad
734
relations; ‫ﺳــﻮء اﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠــﺔ‬ ‫ ﺳــﻮء اﻻﺳــﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬abuse,

s. al-mu‘āmala mistreatment;
misuse; ‫ ﺳــﻮء اﻟﻔﻬــﻢ‬s.
al-fahm misunderstanding; ‫ ﺳــﻮء اﻟﺘﻔــﺎﻫﻢ‬s. at-tafāhum
mutual misunderstanding, disharmony, discord; ‫ ﺳـﻮء اﻟﻘﺼـﺪ‬s. al-qaṣd evil
intent; ‫اﻟﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺳﻮء‬s. an-nīya do.; ‫ ﺳﻮء اﳍﻀﻢ‬s. al-haḍm indigestion
‫ ﺳـﻮءة‬,‫ ﺳـﻮأة‬sau’a pl. -āt shame, disgrace; disgraceful act, atrocity; private
part, pudendum; pudenda | ‫( ﺳﻮءة ﻟﻚ‬sau’atan) shame on you!
‫ ﺳـﻲء‬,‫ ﺳـﻴﺊ‬sayyi’ bad, evil, ill, foul | ‫ ﺳـﻲء اﳊـﻆ‬s. al-ḥaẓẓ unfortunate;
unlucky person; ‫اﳋﻠﻖ‬ ‫ ﺳﻲء‬s. al-kuluq ill-natured; ‫ ﺳﻲء اﻟﱰﺑﻴﺔ‬s. at-tarbiya bad-
mannered, badly brought up; ‫ ﺳ ــﻲء اﻟﺴ ــﻤﻌﺔ‬s. as-sum‘a ill-reputed,
disreputable; ‫ ﺳــﻲء اﻟﻄﺒــﻊ‬s. aṭ-ṭab‘ ill-natured, ill-tempered; ‫ﺳــﻲء اﻟﻄــﺎﻟﻊ‬
unlucky, unfortunate; unlucky person; ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﺳـﻲء اﱃ اﺳـﻮأ‬aswa’a) from bed to

worse
‫ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ‬sayyi’a pl. -āt sin, offense, misdeed; bed side, disadvantage (of s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺴــﺎءة‬masā’a pl. ‫ ﻣﺴــﺎوئ‬masāwi’ 2 evil deed, vile action; pl.
Confidential
disadvantages, bad sides, drawbacks, shortcomings
‫ اﺳـﺎءة‬isā’a misdeed; offense, affront, insult; sin, offeence | ‫ اﺳـﺎءة اﻟﻈـﻦ‬i.
ẓann poor opinion (‫ ب‬of); ‫اﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‬
IV above
‫ اﺳﺎءة‬i. al-mu’āmala mistreatment, etc., see
‫ اﺳ ــﺘﻴﺎء‬istiyā’ dissatisfaction, discontent, indignation, displeasure,

annoyance, vexation
‫ ﻣﺴﻲء‬musī’ displeasing, unpleasant, offensive; harmful, disadvantageous,
pernicious; insulting
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﺎء‬mustā’ offended, displeased, annoyed, vexed, indignant (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬about,
at, by); dissatisfied, discontent (‫ ﻣﻦ‬with)
2‫ ﺳﻮاء‬see ‫ﺳﻮى‬
‫ ﺳﻮارى‬sawārī horseman, cavalryman, sowar; horsemen, cavalry

‫( ﺳﻮﺗﻴﺎن‬Fr. soutien) sūtiyān pl. -āt brassiere
‫( ﺳﻮﺗﻴﻪ‬Fr. sauté) sōtēh sautéed
1‫ ﺳﺎج‬look up alphabetically
2‫ اﺳﻮﺟﺔ‬see ‫ﺳﻴﺎج‬
735
(‫ﺳﺎح‬ (‫ ﺳﻮح‬sāḥa u to travel, rove, roam about

‫ ﺳـﺎﺣﺔ‬sāḥa pl. -āt, ‫ ﺳـﺎح‬courtyard, open square; (open) space; arena; field
(fig.) | ‫ ﺳـﺎﺣﺔ اﳊـﺮب‬s. al-ḥarb theater of war; ‫ ﺳـﺎﺣﺎت اﶈـﺎﻛﻢ‬courts, tribunals;
‫ ﺳـﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺘـﺎل‬battle field, war zone; ‫ ﺳـﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﻀـﺎء‬s. al-qaḍā’ tribunal, forum;
‫ ﺳـﺎﺣﺔ اﻷﻟﻌـﺎب‬athletic field, sports field; ‫ ﺑـﺮأ ﺳـﺎﺣﺘﻪ‬barra’a sāḥatahū to acquit
s.o.
‫ ﺳﻮاح‬sawwāḥ pl. -ūn, traveler, tourist
‫ ﺳـﺎﺋﺢ‬sā’iḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺳـﻴﺎح‬suyyāḥ, ‫ ﺳـﻮاح‬suwwāḥ traveler, tourist; itinerant
dervish; anchorite (Chr.)
‫ )ﺳﺎخ )ﺳـﻮخ‬sāka u (‫ ﺳـﻮخ‬sauk) to be or become doughy, soft, slippery (esp.
ground), yield like mud; to sink (‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ ﰲ‬in the ground, of the foot) | ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫( روﺣﻪ‬rūḥuhū) to become faint, swoon
1‫ ﺳـﻮد‬II to make black, blacken (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to draft (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a letter, etc.), make a
rough draft (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to cover with writing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬sheets), scribble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on
Confidential
sheets) | ‫( ﺳـﻮد وﺟﻬـﻪ‬wajhahū) to expose s.o., show s.o. up, make a fool of
s.o., bring s.o. into disrepute, discredit, disgrace, dishonor s.o. IX to be or
become black
‫ ﺳ ـﻮاد‬sawād black color, black, blackness; (pl. ‫ اﺳــﻮدة‬aswida) black
clothing, mourning; arable land, tilth; shape, form; inner part, core;
majority; multitude | ‫ اﻟﺴـﻮاد‬or ‫اﻟﻌـﺮاق‬
‫ ﺳـﻮاد‬the rural areas of Iraq; ‫اﻟﺴـﻮاد اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ‬
the great mass, the great majority, the largest part; ‫ ﺳـﻮاد اﻟﻨـﺎس‬the common
people, the masses; ‫ ﺳـﻮاد اﻟﻌـﲔ‬s. al-‘ain eyeball; ‫ ﺳـﻮاد اﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬suburb, outskirts
of the city; ‫اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﺳﻮاد‬s. al-lail the long, dark night
‫ اﺳـﻮد‬aswad2, f. ‫ ﺳـﻮداء‬saudā’2, pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮد‬sūd black; dark-colored; -- ‫اﺳـﻮد‬
aswad2 pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮدان‬sūdān a black, Negro | (‫اﻟﺴـﻮدان‬ (‫ ﺑـﻼد‬the Sudan; ‫ﺷـﺘﺎﺋﻢ ﺳـﻮداء‬
severest reproaches; ‫ﻓﺎﺣﻢ‬ ‫ اﺳﻮد‬coal-black, jet-black
‫ ﺳـﻮد‬saudā’2 black bile (one of the four humors of ancient medicine);
melancholy, sadness, gloom
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‫ ﺳﻮﻳﺪاء‬suwaidā’2 black bile (one of the four humors of ancient medicine);

melancholy, sadness, gloom; ‫ اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪاء‬Suweida (capital of the Jebel ed Druz) |
‫ ﺳﻮﻳﺪاء اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬s. al-qalb the deepest folds of the heart, the inmost
‫ ﺳﻮداوي‬saudāwī melancholic, depressed, dejected
(‫اﻟﺴﻮدان‬ (‫( ﺑﻼد‬bilād) as-sūdān the Sudan
‫ ﺳﻮداﱐ‬sūdānī Sudanese; (pl. -ūn) a Sudanese
‫ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬taswīd rough draft
‫ ﻣﺴـﻮدة‬musawwada, muswadda draft, rough copy, rough sketch, notes;
day-book | ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﻮدة‬m. aṭ-ṭab‘ proof sheet, galley proof
2‫ )ﺳـﺎد )ﺳـﻮد‬sāda u (‫ ﺳـﻴﺎدة‬siyāda, ‫ ﺳـﺆدد‬su’dud, su’dad) to be or become
master, head, chief, chieftain, sovereign, lord, overlord (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of or over
people, of or over s.th.), rule, govern (‫ﻫ ـ‬, s.o., s.th.), reign (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬over); to
prevail (e.g., view), reign (e.g., calm); to be predominant, predominate, have
the upperhand (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) master, head, chief, chieftain,
Confidential
sovereign, lord, overlord
‫ ﺳـﻴﺪ‬sayyid pl. ‫ اﺳـﻴﺎد‬asyād, ‫ ﺳـﺎدة‬sāda, ‫ ﺳـﺎدات‬sādāt master; gentleman;
Mister; Sir; lord, overlord; chief, chieftain; title of Mohammed’s direct
descendants | ‫ﺳـﻴﺪي‬ (sayyidī, colloq. sīdī) honorific before the names of
Muslim Saints (esp. magr.); ‫اﻟﺴـﻴﺪ ﻓـﻼن‬ Mr. So-and-So; ‫ﺳـﻴﺪي ﻓـﻼن‬ (magr.)
do.; ‫اﻷﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ ﺳﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﺤﺎر‬Supreme Commander of the Navy (Eg. 1939)
‫ ﺳـﻴﺪة‬sayyida pl. -āt mistress; lady; Mrs. | ‫‘( اﻟﺴـﻴﺪة ﻋﻘﻴﻠﺘـﻪ‬aqīlatuhū) his
wife; ‫ اﻟﺴﻴﺪة ﻓﻼﻧﺔ‬Mrs. So-and-So
‫ ﺳـﻴﺎدة‬siyāda command, mastery; domination, rule, dominion; supremacy;
sovereignty; title and form of address of bishops (Chr.); siyādāt ... (with foll.
genit.) nowadays, in Egypt, general title of respect preceding the name,
‫ﺳـﻴﺎدﺗﻜﻢ‬ = you, a respectful address introduced after the abolition of titles of
rank and social class in Egypt | ‫ ﺳـﻴﺎدة اﳌﻄـﺮان‬s. al-muṭrān His Eminence the
Metropolitan; ‫ ﺳـﻴﺎدة اﻟـﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬approx.: His Excellency the President (Eg.); ‫دوﻟـﺔ‬
‫( ذات ﺳﻴﺎدة‬daula) sovereign state
‫ ﺳ ــﺆدد‬su’dud, su’dad dominion, domination, rule, reign, power,
sovereignty
737
‫ ﺳﺎﺋﺪ‬sā’id prevailing (opinion, feeling, mood, calm, etc.)

3‫ﺳﻮﻳﺪي‬ ,‫ اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬look up alphabetically
4‫ ﺳﺎدة‬look up alphabetically and under 2‫ﺳﻮد‬
‫ ﺳﻮدن‬saudana to Sudanize (Eg.)
‫ ﺳﻮدﻧﺔ‬saudana Sudanization (Eg.)
1‫ ﺳـﻮر‬II to enclose, fence in, wall in, surround with a railing or wall (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) III to leap (‫ ه‬at s.o.), beset, assail, attack, assault (‫ ه‬s.o.); to befall,
overcome, grip (‫ ه‬s.o., emotion) V to scale (‫ ﻫـ‬a wall, a cliff, etc.)
‫ ﺳﻮر‬sūr pl. ‫ اﺳﻮار‬aswār wall; enclosure, fence, railing
‫ ﺳﻮرة‬sūra pl. ‫ ﺳﻮر‬suwar chapter of the Koran, sura
‫ ﺳﻮرة‬saura vehemence, force, violence; severity (of cold)
2 ‫ ﺳـﻮار‬siwār, suwār pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮر‬sūr, ‫ اﺳـﻮرة‬aswira, ‫ اﺳـﺎور‬asāwir2, ‫ اﺳـﺎورة‬asāwira
bracelet, armlet, bangle; armband; cuff, wristband
3 ‫ﺳﻮاري‬look up alphabetically
Confidential
4‫ اﺳﻮار‬look up alphabetically
5‫ ﺳﻮري‬sūrī Syrian; (pl. -ūn) a Syrian
6 ‫ ﺳـﻮر‬sūriyā Syria | ‫( ﺳـﻮر اﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴـﺔ‬janūbīya) Palestine; ‫( ﺳـﻮر اﻟﺼـﻐﺮى‬ṣugrā)

do.; ‫اﻟﻜﱪى‬ ‫( ﺳﻮر‬kubrā) (Greater) Syria
7‫ ﺳﻮرﻳﺔ‬sūrīya2 = ‫ﺳﻮر‬
(1‫ ﺳـﺎس )ﺳـﻮس‬sāsa u (‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﺔ‬siyāsa) to dominate, govern, rule (‫ ه‬s.o.): to

lead, guide, conduct, direct (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to administer, manage, regulate
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- sawisa yaswasu to be or become worm-eaten; to become carious
(tooth); to rot, decay (bones) II and V = sawisa
‫ ﺳﻮس‬sūs (coll.: n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺳﻴﺴﺎن‬sīsān woodworm, borer; mothworm
‫ ﺳﻮس‬sūs licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra; bot.) | ‫‘ ﻋﺮق ﺳﻮس‬irq s. licorice root;
‫ رب ﺳﻮس‬rubb as-s. licorice rob, thickened licorice juice
‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﺔ‬siyāsa pl. -āt administration, management: p;olicy; ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﺔ‬siyāsatan
for reasons of expediency (Isl. Law) | ‫( اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳـﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴـﺔ‬duwalīya) diplomacy;
‫‘( اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳـﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬amalīya) practical policy, Real-politik; O ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺳـﻊ‬s. at-
tawassu‘ policy of expansion
738
‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻲ‬siyāsī political; diplomatic; -- (pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺳﺎﺳــﺔ‬sāsa) politician;

diplomat, statesman | ‫ اﻟـﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬political circles; ‫( اﻟﺴـﻠﻚ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳـﻲ‬silk)
diplomatic corps; ‫‘( ﻋﻠــﻢ اﻻﻗﺘﺼــﺎد اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳــﻲ‬ilm al-iqtiṣād) political science,
political economy
‫ ﺗﺴﻮس‬tasawwus (dental) caries
‫ ﺳـﺎﺋﺲ‬sā’is pl. ‫ ﺳﺎﺳـﺔ‬sāsa, ‫ ﺳـﻮاس‬suwwās, ‫ ﺳـﻴﺎس‬suyyās stableman, groom;
driver (primarily of animals); manager, leader
2‫ اﻟﺴـﻮﻳﺲ‬as-suwēs Suez (seaport in NE Egypt) | ‫ﻗﻨـﺎل اﻟﺴـﻮﻳﺲ‬ qanāl as-s.
Suez Canal
3 ‫ﺳﻮاﺳﻴﺔ‬see ‫ﺳﻮى‬
‫ ﺳﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬susta zipper (eg.)
‫ ﺳﻮﺳﻦ‬sausan, sūsan lily of the valley (bot.)
‫ )ﺳﺎط )ﺳﻮط‬sāṭa u (sauṭ) to whip, flog, lash, scourge (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺳﻮط‬sauṭ pl. ‫ اﺳﻮاط‬aswāṭ, ‫ ﺳﻴﺎط‬siyāṭ whip, lash, scourge
‫ ﻣﺴﻮط‬miswaṭ stick or similar implement used for stirring
Confidential
‫ ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ‬sā‘a pl. -āt, ‫ ﺳـﺎع‬sā‘ (short) time, while; hour; timepiece, clock,
watch; ‫ اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺔ‬the Hour of Resurrection; as-sā‘ata now, at present, by this
time, at this moment, in this instant; at once, instantly, immediately, just | ‫ﺑﲔ‬
‫( ﺳﺎﻋﺔ واﺧﺮى‬wa-ukrā) from hour to hour; ‫ ﺣﱴ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬until now; ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬from
now on, henceforth; ‫ﺳـﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬immediately, presently, instantly, at once; ‫ﻣﻨـﺬ‬
‫ اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺔ‬from now on, henceforth; ‫ ﻣـﺎت ﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬he died instantly; ‫ ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ اﳉﻴـﺐ‬s.
al-jaib pocket watch; ‫( ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ رﻣﻠﻴـﺔ‬ramlīya) hourglass; ‫( ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ ﴰﺴـﻴﺔ‬šamsīya)
sundial; ‫ اﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ibn sā‘atihī transitory, ephemeral
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﺌﺬ‬sā‘ata’idin in that hour
‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﰐ‬sā‘ātī pl. -ya watchmaker
‫ ﺳﻮﻳﻌﺔ‬suwai‘a pl. -āt little hour, little while
‫)ﺳـﺎغ )ﺳـﻮغ‬ sāga u (saug, ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎغ‬masāg) to be easy to swallow, go down
pleasantly (drink, food); to be permissible, be permitted, allowed (‫ ل‬to s.o.);
to swallow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to permit, allow, accept, tolerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), put up (‫ﻫ ـ‬

with s.th.), swallow, stomach s.th. (‫ﻫ ـ‬, fig.) II to make permissible, permit,
739
allow (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.), admit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to justify, warrant (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with);
to lease, let (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to wash down, swallow easily (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (fig.:) to
take, swallow, stomach (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), stand for s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬, put up with s.th. (‫ )ﻫـ‬V to
lease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take a lease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) X to regard as easy to swallow, find
pleasant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to taste, enjoy, relish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to approve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.),
admit, grant (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), deem (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) proper
‫ ﻣﺴــﺎغ‬masāg easy access; possibility; permission | ‫ﱂ ﻳﺴــﺘﻄﻊ ﻣﺴــﺎﻏﺎ ل‬
(yastaṭi‘) he couldn’t put up with ..., couldn’t reconcile himself to ...,
couldn’t swallow ...; ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻚ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﻣﺴﺎغ‬masāga, šakk) one cannot possibly doubt
it
‫ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻎ‬taswīg hiring out on lease, leasing | ‫( ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻘـﺮض واﻟﺘﺴـﻮﻳﻎ‬qarḍ) Lease
Act (pol., Tun.)
‫ ﺳــﺎﺋﻎ‬sā’ig easy to swallow; tasty, palatable; permissible, permitted,
allowed
‫ ﻣﺴﻮغ‬musawwig pl. -āt justifying factor, justification, good reason
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺴﺎغ‬mustasāg easy to swallow; tasty, palatable
‫ ﺳـﻮف‬II to put off (‫ ه‬s.o.); to postpone, draw out, delay, procrastinate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﺳﻮف‬saufa (abbreviated form ‫ ﺳـ‬sa) particle of future tense, e.g., ‫ﺳﻮف ﺗﺮى‬
(tarā) you will see
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ‬masāfa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎوف‬masāwif2 distance, interval, stretch; (mus.)
interval | ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at some distance
‫ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻒ‬taswīf pl. -āt procrastination, postponement, delay, deferment
‫ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻔﻲ‬taswīfī dilatory, delaying, procrastinating
‫ ﺳﻮﻓﺴﻄﺎﺋﻲ‬sūfisṭā’ī sophistic
‫ ﺳﻮﻓﻴﺎت‬suyāt, ‫ ﺳﻮﻓﻴﻴﺖ‬sovyēt Soviet
‫ ﺳﻮﻓﻴﺎﰐ‬sufyātī, ‫ ﺳـﻮﻓﻴﻴﱵ‬,‫ ﺳـﻮﻓﻴﱵ‬sovyētī soviet (adj.) | ‫( اﻻﲢـﺎد اﻟﺴـﻮﻓﻴﺎﰐ‬ittiḥād)
the Soviet Union
‫ )ﺳﺎق )ﺳﻮق‬sāqa u (sauq, ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﻗﺔ‬siyāqa, ‫ ﻣﺴﺎق‬masāq) to drive, urge on, herd
(‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬prisoners, cattle); to draft, conscript (‫ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺪﻳـﺔ‬li-l-jundīya for military
service); to drive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an automobile); to pilot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an airplane); to carry along,
740
convey, transport (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to send, dispatch, forward, convey, hand over ( ‫اﱃ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to utter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cite, quote, propound, put forth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |
‫( ﺳـﺎق ﻣﺴـﺎﻗﻪ‬masāqahū) to follow the example or path of s.o.; ‫ ﺳـﺎق اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬to
carry on the conversation; ‫ ﺳـﺎق اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬to address s.o.; ‫اﻟﻴـﻚ ﻳﺴـﺎق اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬
(yusāqu) you are the one that is meant II to market, sell (‫ ﻫ ـ‬merchandise) III
to accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.); to go along, agree (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to trade in the
market, sell and buy in the market VI to draw out; to form a sequence, be
successive, be continuous, be coherent; to harmonize VII to drift; to be
driven; to be carried away, be given over | ‫اﱃ‬ ‫ اﻧﺴـﺎق ﺑـﻪ‬to carry s.o. away to
..., drive or urge s.o. to ... VIII to drive, urge on, herd (‫ ﻫـ‬cattle)
‫ ﺳـﻮق‬sauq driving (of a car); draft, conscription (‫ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺪﻳـﺔ‬li-l-jundīya for
military service); mobilization (of troops, also of forces, energies, etc.) |
‫ اﺟﺎزة اﻟﺴﻮق‬ijāzat as-s. driving license
O ‫ ﺳﻮﻗﻴﺔ‬sauqīya strategy
‫ ﺳـﺎق‬sāqa f., pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮق‬sūq, ‫ ﺳـﻴﻘﺎن‬sīqān shank; thigh; leg (also geom.); side
Confidential
(geom.); trunk (of a tree); stem, stalk (of plants) |
‫اﻟﺴـﺎق‬ Order of the Garter; ‫ﻋﻈـﻢ اﻟﺴـﺎق‬

‫ ﺳـﺎق اﳊﻤـﺎم‬s. al-ḥamām
bugloss (Anchusa officinalis; bot.); ‫ رﺑﻄـﺔ اﻟﺴـﺎق‬rabṭat as-s. garter; ‫وﺳـﺎم رﺑﻄـﺔ‬
‘aẓm as-s. shinbone, tibia; ‫ﻣﺘﺴـﺎوي‬

‫ اﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‬mutasāwī s-sāqain isosceles (geom.); ‫( ﻗﺎﻣﺖ اﳊﺮب ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺎق‬ḥarbu) the
war was or became violent, flared up; war broke out; ‫ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ اﳊـﺮب ﻋـﻦ ﺳـﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬
(kašafat) do.; ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻦ‬the matter became difficult; ‫وﻗﻒ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺎق‬
‫( اﳉـﺪ ل‬s. il-jidd) to turn one’s zeal to, apply o.s. to, exert o.s., make efforts
in order to ... ; ‫( ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻗـﺪم وﺳــﺎق‬qadam) in full swing, carried on most
energetically (undertaking, preparations, etc.); ‫ ارﺳـﻞ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻟﻠـﺮﻳﺢ‬arsala sāqahū
li-r-rīḥ to speed along like the wind
‫ ﺳﺎﻗﺔ‬sāqa rear guard, arrière-garde
‫ ﺳﻮق‬sūq mostly f., pl. ‫ اﺳﻮاق‬aswāq bazaar street; market; O fair | ‫ﺳـﻮق اﻟـﱪ‬
‫واﻻﺣﺴـﺎن‬ s. al-birr wa-l-iḥsān charity bazaar; ‫( اﻟﺴـﻮق اﳊـﺮة‬ḥurra) the free
market; ‫ﺳـﻮق اﻻﺣﺴـﺎن‬ charity bazaar; ‫( ﺳـﻮق ﺧﲑﻳـﺔ‬kairīya) do.; ‫اﻟﺴـﻮق اﻷﺳـﻮد‬
741
((aswad) the black market; ‫اﻟﺴـﻮق اﳌﺸـﱰك‬ (muštarak) the Common Market;
‫ﺳــﻮق اﻟﻨﻘــﺪ‬ s. an-naqd money market (stook exchange); ‫اﺳـﻮاق اﶈﺼــﻮﻻت‬
produce markets; ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻦ‬ ‫ ﺳﻮق ﻋﻘﻮد‬s. ‘uqūd al-quṯn cotton exchange
‫ ﺳﻮﻗﺔ‬sūqa subjects; rabble, mob
‫ ﺳﻮﻗﻲ‬sūqī plebeian, common, vulgar
‫ ﺳـﻮﻳﻖ‬sawīq a kind of mush made of wheat or barley (also with sugar and
dates)
‫ ﺳﻮﻳﻖ‬suwaiq and ‫ ﺳﻮﻳﻘﺔ‬suwaiqa stem, stalk (of plants)
‫ ﺳﻮﻳﻘﺔ‬suwaiqa small market
‫ ﺳﻴﺎق‬siyāq succession, sequence, course, thread (of conversation); context
‫ ﺳــﻮاق‬siwāq pl. -ūn driver (of animals); driver, chauffeur; (railroad)
engineer
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎق‬masāq trend of things, course, development, or progress, of s.th.;
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻗﺔ اﱃ‬it amounts to ..., comes to …, winds up in …, is ultimately aimed at
…; also see ‫ ﺳـﺎق‬sāqa above | ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎق ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳـﺎت‬course of studies; ‫اﻓﻀـﻰ ﺑﻨـﺎ‬
Confidential
‫ اﳌﺴﺎق اﱃ‬we have come to the point where ...
‫ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬taswīq marketing, sale (of merchandise)
‫ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻘﺔ‬taswīqa (eg.) bargain, advantageous purchase
‫ ﺗﺴﺎوق‬tasāwuq coherence, interrelation, connection, context; harmony
‫ ﺳـﺎﺋﻖ‬sa’iq driving; driving force; -- pl. -ūn sāqa) driver (of animals);
chauffeur, driver; (aircraft) pilot
‫ ﻣﺴﻮﻗﺮ‬musauqar (tun.) = ‫ ﻣﺴﻮﻛﺮ‬musaukar
‫)ﺳـﺎك )ﺳـﻮك‬ sāka u (sauk) to rub, scrub, scour (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to clean and
polish, brush, clean (‫ اﻻﺳﻨﺎن‬the teeth)
‫ ﺳـﻮاك‬siwāk pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮك‬sūk a small stick (the tip of which is softened by
chewing or beating) used for cleaning and polishing the teeth
‫ ﻣﺴﻮاك‬miswāk pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﻚ‬masāwīk2 = ‫ﺳﻮاك‬
‫ ﺳﻮﻛﺮ‬saukara to insure (‫ ﻫـ‬goods, etc.); to register (‫ ﻫـ‬a letter)
‫ ﺳﻮﻛﺮ‬musaukar insured; registered (letter)
742
1‫ ﺳـﻮل‬II to talk or argue s.o. (‫ )ل‬into s.th. evil or fateful (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to entice,
seduce (‫ ل‬s.o., said of the Devil) | ‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ ‫( ﺳـﻮﻟﺐ ﻟـﻪ‬nafsuhū) he let himself be
seduced (‫ ﻫـ‬to)
2 ‫ ﺗﺴﻮل‬tasawwala (for ‫ ﺗﺴﺎءل‬tasā’ala) to beg
‫ ﺗﺴﻮل‬tasawwul begging, beggary
‫ ﻣﺘﺴﻮل‬mutasawwil pl. -ūn beggar
1 ‫ )ﺳـﺎم )ﺳـﻮم‬sāma u (saum) to offer for sale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a commodity); to impose
(‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬upon s.o. a punishment or task), force (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬upon s.o. a difficult task);
to demand of s.o. (‫ )ه‬s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬beyond his power | ‫(ﺳـﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﺴـﻔﺎ‬kasfan) to treat
s.o. unjustly, wrong s.o.; to humiliate s.o.; -- (‫ ﺳـﻴﺎﻣﺔ‬siyāma) to ordain,
consecrate (a priest, a bishop, etc.; Chr.) II to impose, force (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ه‬upon s.o. a
difficult task), coerce (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. to s.th. difficult); to demand of s.o. (‫ )ه‬s.th.
(‫ )ﻫـ‬beyond his power; to assess estimate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the value of an object); to mark,
provide with a mark (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) ill to bargain, haggle, chaffer over a price (‫ه‬
Confidential
with s.o.); to bargain, haggle (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ب‬ ,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with s.o. over) IV to let (‫ ﻫـ‬cattle)
graze freely; to let (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the eye) wander VI to bargain, haggle (‫ ﰲ‬over, for)
VID to bargain, haggle, chaffer ( or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬,‫ ﰲ‬over, for)
‫ ﻣﺴﺎوﻣﺔ‬musāwama pl. -āt bargaining, haggling
‫ ﺳﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬sā’ima pl. ‫ ﺳﻮاﺋﻢ‬sawā’im2 freely grazing livestock
2‫ﺳﺎﻣﻲ‬ ,‫ ﺳﺎم‬look up alphabetically
3‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﺎت‬,‫ ﻣﺴﺎم‬see 2‫ﺳﻢ‬
‫ ﺳﻮﻣﺮ‬sūmir Sumer
‫ ﺳﻮﻣﻄﺮة‬sūmaṭra Sumatra
‫ اﺳﻮان‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳﻮﻫﺞ‬sōhag Sohag (city in central Egypt, on the Nile)
‫ ﺳـﻮي‬sawiya a to be equivalent, be equal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), equal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to
even, level, nivellate, flatten, straighten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to smooth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
smooth down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., folds, wrinkles; ‫ﻣــﻦ ﺛﻴﺎﺑــﻪ‬ one’s clothes); to
743
equalize, make equal (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. to s.th. else), put (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) on the same level
(‫ ب‬with s.th.); ‫ ﺳـﻮى ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ‬to put two persons on an equal footing, treat two
persons as equals, reconcile two persons; to make regular, make good (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to cook properly (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to regulate, arrange, make up, smooth over,
settle, put in order (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a dispute, a controversy, etc.) | ‫ ﺳـﻮى اﺧﺪﻋـﻪ‬to crush
s.o.’s pride III to be equivalent, be equal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), equal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be
worth (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to equalize, make equal (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.th. else), put (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
on the same level (‫ ب‬with); to establish equality (‫وﺑـﲔ‬ -- ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ between --
and); ‫ﺑﻴـﻨﻬﻢ‬‫ ﺳـﺎوى‬to make them equals, equalize them, put them on the same
footing; to regulate, arrange, make up, smooth over, settle, put in order (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
dispute, a controversy, etc.); ‫ﺳـﺎوى ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ = ﺳـﻮى ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ‬ (sawwā) VI to be

equal or similar; to be balanced, keep the balance VIII to be even, regular,
equal; to be equivalent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to be on the same level; to be or become
straight, even, level; to stand upright, erect, straight; to straighten up; to sit
Confidential
down (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), mount (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to sit firmly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on an animal); to be
properly cooked, be well done; to ripen, mature, be or become ripe
‫ ﺳـﻮى‬siwan, suwan equality, sameness; (with foll. genit. or suffix) other
than, except | ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﺪ ﺳـﻮي‬ḥaddin) equal(ly), indiscriminate(ly), alike, the
same; ‫ ﻓﻀـﻠﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﻮاﻩ‬faḍḍalahū ‘alā siwāhu he preferred him to everybody
else; ‫ ﺳﻮى‬-- ‫ ﻟﻴﺲ‬,‫ ﺳﻮى‬-- ‫ ﻻ‬only, nothing but
‫ ﺳـﻮاء‬sawā’ equal; equality, sameness; sawā’a except | ‫ﺳـﻮاء ﻟﺪﻳـﻪ ﻛـﻞ ﺷـﻲء‬
(ladaihi) it is all the same to him, he is indifferent to everything; ‫ﺳـﻮاء ﺑﺴـﻮاء‬
(sawā’an) equally, indiscriminately, without distinction; together; ‫اﻟﺴـﻮاء‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
likewise, in like manner, equally, evenly, indiscriminately, without
distinction; all the same, making no difference; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﺳﻮاء‬it doesn’t make any
difference for ...; ‫)ﺳـﻮاء – ام )او‬ (sawā’an) regardless whether -- or ..., no
matter whether -- or ..., be it that ... - or ..., ‫ام‬ -- ‫ ﺳـﻮاء‬do.; ‫ﺗﻼﻣﻴـﺬ ﺳـﻘﺮاط ﺳـﻮاء‬
‫ ﻣـﻨﻬﻢ اﻷﺛﻴﻨﻴـﻮن وﻏـﲑ اﻷﺛﻴﻨﻴـﲔ‬the disciples of Socrates, both Athenians and non-
Athenians; ‫( )ﺳﻮاء اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻞ )اﶈﺠﺔ‬Muhammaḍajja) the straight, right path
744
‫ ﺳـﻮي‬sawīy pl. ‫ اﺳـﻮ ء‬aswiyā’ straight; right, correct, proper; unimpaired,

intact, sound; straight-bodied, straight-shaped, of regular build or growth;
even, regular, well-proportioned, shapely, harmonious; ‫ﺳــﻮ‬ sawīyan in
common, jointly, together
‫ ﺳﻮﻳﺔ‬sawīya pl. ‫ ﺳﻮا‬sawāyā equality; sawīyatan together, jointly
‫ ﺳﻲ‬siyy (for m. and f.) pl. ‫ اﺳﻮاء‬aswā’ equal, similar, (a)like | ‫ ﳘﺎ ﺳﻴﺎن‬they
are alike, are the same; ‫ﻋﻨﺪي‬ ‫ ﳘﺎ ﺳﻴﺎن‬they are both the same to me
‫ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ‬lā sīyamā especially, in particular, mainly
‫ ﺳﻮاﺳﻴﺔ‬sawāsiya (pl.) equal, alike | ‫ ﻫﻢ )ﻫﻦ( ﺳﻮاﺳﻴﺔ‬they are equals
‫ ﺗﺴـﻮﻳﺔ‬taswiya leveling, nivellation; settlement, arrangement, adjustment
(of controversies, etc.); equalization; settlement (of a bill) | ‫ﲢـﺖ اﻟﺘﺴـﻮﻳﺔ‬
outstanding, unsettled, āunpaid (com.)
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎواة‬musāwāh equality, equivalence; equal rights, equality before the
law; settlement, composition (com.)
‫ ﺗﺴــﺎو‬tasāwin equality, equivalence, sameness; equal rights, equality
Confidential
before the law |‫اﻟﺘﺴـﺎوي‬
evenly, regularly
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ or ‫ﻟﺘﺴـﺎوي‬ likewise, in like manner, equally,
‫ اﺳــﺘﻮاء‬istiwā’ straightness; evenness, levelness; equality, regularity,

steadiness |‫اﻻﺳﺘﻮاء‬ ‫ ﺧﻂ‬kaṭṭ al-ist. equator
‫ اﺳـﺘﻮاﺋﻲ‬istiwā’ī equatorial, tropical | ‫اﳌﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‬ (minṭaqa) or ‫اﳌﻨـﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‬the tropics
‫ ﻣﺴﺎو‬musāwin equal, equivalent, similar
‫ ﻣﺘﺴـﺎو‬mutasāwin equal, similar, (a)like; even, equable, equally strong; of
equal weight, equipoised, equiponderant |‫اﻷﺑﻌـﺎد‬ ‫ ﻣﺘﺴـﺎوى‬equidistant; ‫ﻣﺘﺴـﺎوى‬
‫ اﻟـﺰوا‬m. z-zawāyā equiangular (geom.); ‫ ﻣﺘﺴـﺎوى اﻟﺴـﺎﻗﲔ‬m. s-sāqain isosceles
(geom.); ‫اﻻﺿﻼع‬ ‫ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوى‬equilateral (geom.)
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮ‬mustawin straight, upright, erect; even, smooth, regular; well done
(cooking); ripe, mature
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮى‬mustawan level, niveau, standard | ‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮى اﳌـﺎء‬water level; ‫اﳌﺴـﺘﻮى‬
‫‘( اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﻲ‬ilmī) scientific level; ‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮى اﳊﻴـﺎة‬m. l-ḥayāh standard of living; ‫ﰲ‬
‫( ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬with foll. genit.) on an equal level or footing with ...
745
‫( اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ‬Fr. la Suède) as-suwīd Sweden

‫ ﺳﻮﻳﺪي‬suwīdī Swede; Swedish
‫ اﻟﺴـﻮﻳﺲ‬as-suwēs Suez (seaport in NE Egypt) |‫( ﻗﻨـﺎة )ﻗﻨـﺎل( اﻟﺴـﻮﻳﺲ‬qanāt,
qanāl) Suez Canal
‫( ﺳﻮﻳﺴﺮا‬It. Svizzera) swiserā Switzerland
‫ ﺳﻮﻳﺴﺮي‬swiserī Swiss
1‫ ﺳﻴﺔ‬siya pl. -āt curved part of a bow
2 ‫ ﺳﻲ‬sī short form of ‫ ﺳﻴﺪ‬sayyid, ‫ ﺳﻴﺪي‬Mr., Sir (esp. magr.)

3‫ ﺳﻲ‬siyy, ‫ ﺳﻴﺎن‬see ‫ﺳﻮي‬
‫ ﺳﻴﺎم‬siyām Siam, Thailand

‫ ﺳﻴﺎن‬siyān cyanogen
‫ )ﺳـﺎب )ﺳـﻴﺐ‬sāba i (saib) to flow, stream, run (water); to run along, speed
along, glide along, creep along, crawl along; to walk fast, hurry; (eg.) to
leave, give up, relinquish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to neglect (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); (eg.) to
release, let go, free (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) II to leave, give up, relinquish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
Confidential
to neglect (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to release, let go, free (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) VII to
flow, stream, run (water); to pour, flow (‫ اﱃ‬into), enter (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to peter
out, seep away, exhaust itself; to speed along, glide along, run along, crawl
or creep (along); to glide, slip (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between); to walk fast, hurry; with foll.
imperf.: to begin at once to do s.th.
‫ اﻧﺴﻴﺎﰊ‬insiyābī, ‫ اﻧﺴﻴﺎﰊ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ins. Š-šakl stream-lined
‫ ﺳﺎﺋﺐ‬sā’ib forlorn, lost, (a)stray; free, loose, lax, unrestrained
‫ ﺳﻴﺒﲑ‬sībīriyā Siberia
1 ‫ ﺳـﻴﺞ‬II to fence in, hedge in, surround with a hedge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V pass. of
II
‫ ﺳــﻴﺎج‬siyāj pl. -āt, ‫ اﺳــﻮﺟﺔ‬aswija, ‫ اﺳــﻴﺎج‬asyāj; hedge; fencing, fence;
enclosure; (fig.) bulwark, shield (of a country, of a nation)
2‫ ﺳﺎج‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺳﻴﺠﺎر‬sīgār cigar (eg.)
‫ ﺳﻴﺠﺎرة‬sīgāra pl. -āt, ‫ ﺳﺠﺎﻳﺮ‬sagāyir, ‫ ﺳﺠﺎﺋﺮ‬sagā’ir2 cigarette (eg.)
746
‫)ﺳـﺎح )ﺳـﻴﺢ‬ sāḥa i (saiḥ, ‫ﺳـﻴﺤﺎن‬ sayaḥān) to flow, run (water); to melt,
thaw, dissolve, become liquid (snow, metal); --(saiḥ, ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬siyāḥa) to travel,
journey; to rove, roam about II to make flow, cause to flow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a river, etc.);
to melt, dissolve, liquefy, smelt, fuse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬metal, and the like); to melt, clarify
(‫ ﻫـ‬butter) IV to make flow, cause to flow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VII to spread, pour forth
‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬siyāḥa pl. -āt travel; tourism
‫ ﺳﻴﺎح‬sayyāḥ pl. -ūn traveler; tourist
‫ ﺳــﺎﺋﺢ‬sā’iḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺳــﻴﺎح‬suyyāḥ, suwwāḥ) traveler; tourist; itinerant
dervish; anchorite (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺴﻴﺦ‬musayyak fluid, liquid; striped (garment)
1‫)ﺳـﻴﺦ‬ ‫ )ﺳـﺎخ‬sāka i (‫ ﺳـﻴﺦ‬saik, ‫ ﺳـﻴﺨﺎن‬sayakān) to sink into the ground or
mud
2‫ ﺳﻴﺦ‬sīk pl. ‫ اﺳﻴﺎخ‬asyāk spit, skewer; foil, rapier; iron prong or bolt
‫ ﺳﻴﺎدة‬,‫ ﺳﻴﺪ‬see 2‫ﺳﻮد‬
Confidential
‫ ﺳـﻴﺪارة‬sīdāra pl. -āt (see ‫ )ﺳـﺪارة‬an Iraqi headgear, commonly of black
velvet; overseas cap
‫ )ﺳـﺎر )ﺳـﲑ‬sāra i (‫ ﺳـﲑ‬sair, ‫ ﺳـﲑورة‬sairūra, ‫ ﻣﺴـﲑ‬masīr, ‫ ﻣﺴـﲑة‬masīra, ‫ﺗﺴـﺎﻳﺮ‬
tasāyara) to move (on), set out, strike out, start, get going; to move along; to
march; to travel, journey; to ride (in a vehicle); to go, go away, leave,
depart; to run, operate (‫و‬ -- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between -- and, of a train); to flow (electric
current); to run, be in operation, function, work, go (machine); to progress
(e.g., work); to make (‫ اﱃ‬for s.th.), be headed (‫ اﱃ‬for s.th.), approach (‫اﱃ‬
s.th.), be directed, be oriented (‫ اﱃ‬toward s.th.); to circulate, make the

rounds, be or become current (proverb); to follow, maintain (‫ ﺳـﲑا‬sairan a
behavior, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to behave, conduct o.s.; to proceed, act (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ﲟﻘﺘﻀـﻰ‬
bi-muqtaḍā according to) | ‫ ﺳـﺎر ﺑـﻪ‬to lead s.o., lead s.o. away; ‫ ﺳـﺎر وراءﻩ‬to
(allow, pursue s.o.; ‫( ﺳـﺎر ﺟﻴﺌـﺔ وذﻫـﺎ‬jī’atan wa-dihāban) to walk up and
down, go back and forth; ‫( ﺳـﺎر ﰲ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﺴـﻦ‬s. it-taḥassun) to be on the
road to recovery;‫( اﳋﻄـﺔ اﻟـﱴ ﺳـﺎر ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬kiṭṭa) the course he followed; ‫ﺳـﺎر ﺳـﲑة‬
‫( ﺣﺴـﻨﺔ‬sīratan ḥasanatan) to behave well; ‫( ﺳـﺎر ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﺪﻣﻴـﻪ‬qadamaihi) not to
be dead and forgotten, be still much alive, be a tangible reality II to set in
747
motion, drive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., an automobile) go; to start,

start up, let run (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a machine); to go in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for a task), run, carry on, ply,
practice (‫ ﻫـ‬a trade); to drive (‫ ﻫـ‬a car), pilot, steer (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to send, dispatch,
send out (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to circulate, put in circulation (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to stripe (‫ﻫـ‬
a garment, etc.) III to keep up, go along (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to walk at s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
side; to pursue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to show o.s. willing to please (‫ ه‬s.o.), comply (‫ه‬
with s.o.’s wish); to be in agreement, be consistent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to be
familiar, intimate, be hand in glove, get along (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to adapt o.s. (‫ﻫ ـ‬
to circumstances, events, etc.) IV to set in motion, drive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to send,
dispatch (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﺳــﲑ‬sair trip, tour, travel, journey, walk, errand, march, procession;
movement, motion; departure; course, progress (of an undertaking);
procedure, practice, conduct, behavior; (way of) life; observance, pursuance
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.th.) | ‫واﻟﺴـﻠﻮك‬ ‫(ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺴـﲑ‬husk as-s.) blameless life; ‫ﰲ اﻟﺴـﲑ وراء ﻏﺮﺿـﻪ‬
Confidential
(garaḍihī) in pursuance of his intention
‫ ﺳـﲑ‬sair pl. ‫ ﺳـﻴﻮر‬suyūr (leather) belt; girth; drive belt, transmission belt |
‫(ﺳﲑ ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬mutaḥarrik) conveyor belt, assembly line
‫ ﺳﲑة‬saira gait; course
‫ ﺳـﲑة‬sīra pl. ‫ ﺳـﲑ‬siyar conduct, comportment, demeanor, behavior, way of
life; attitude, position, reaction, way of acting; (in sg. or pl.) biography,
history; pl. campaigns; ‫ اﻟﺴﲑة‬the biography of Mohammed
‫ ﺳﻴﺎر‬sayyār traveling frequently, always on the move, continually moving;
itinerant, roving, roaming about; circulating; planet |‫ﺳـﻴﺎرة‬ ‫( ﺻـﺤﻒ‬suḥuf) or
‫ ﺟﺮاﺋﺪ ﺳﻴﺎرة‬daily newspapers, dailies
‫ ﺳـﻴﺎرة‬sayyāra pl. -āt automobile, car | ‫ ﺳـﻴﺎرة اﻷﺟـﺮة‬s. al-ujra taxi cab; ‫ﺳـﻴﺎرة‬
‫( ﻣﺪرﻋـﺔ‬mudarra‘a) armored car; ‫( ﺳـﻴﺎرة دورﻳـﺔ‬daurīya) patrol car; ‫ﺳـﻴﺎرة اﻹﺳـﻌﺎف‬
s. al-is‘āf ambulance; ‫ﻣﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫( ﺳﻴﺎرة‬muṣaffaḥa) armored car; ‫ ﺳﻴﺎرة اﻟﻨﻘـﻞ‬s. an-
naql truck, lorry; ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎرة‬ ‫( ﺳﺎﺋﻖ‬automobile) driver, chauffeur
‫ ﻣﺴﺎر‬masār pl. -āt path (of rays, etc.)
‫ ﻣﺴﲑ‬masīr travel, journey, tour; march (mil.); departure; distance
748
‫ ﻣﺴﲑة‬masīra travel, journey, tour; departure; distance

‫ ﺗﺴـﻴﲑ‬tasyīr dispatch, sending out; propulsion, drive (techn.) |‫اﻟﺘﺴـﻴﲑ اﻟﻨﻔـﺎﺛﻲ‬
(naffātī) jet propulsion
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﺮة‬musāyara adaptation, adjustment
‫ ﺳـﺎﺋﺮ‬sā’ir going, walking, running; walker, wayfarer, wanderer; generally
known, current (proverb); see also ‫ﺳــﺌﺮ |ﺧﺪﻣــﺔ ﺳــﺎﺋﺮة‬ (kidma) transient
laborers, seasonal laborers (eg.)
‫ ﻣﺴـﲑ‬musayyar directed, controlled (‫ ب‬by); guided, remote-controlled;
not endowed with free will (philos., as opposed to ‫ ﳐﲑ‬mukayyar)
‫ ﺳـﲑاس‬sīrās (syr.) glue made of the yellow powder of a pulverized root,
used esp. for pasting leather
‫ ﺳﲑاﻓﻴﻢ‬sīrāfīm seraphim
‫ ﺳﲑج‬sīraj sesame oil
‫( ﺳﲑك‬Fr. cirque) sirk circus
‫ ﺳﻴﺴـﺒﺎن‬saisabān sesban (an indigenous Egyptian shrub whose leaves have
Confidential
a purgative effect, Sesbania aegyptiaca Pers.; bot.)
‫ ﺳﻴﺴﻰ‬sīsī pl. ‫ ﺳﻴﺴﻴﺎت‬sīsīyāt, ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬sayāsī (eg.) pony; young rat
‫ ﺳـﻴﻄﺮ‬saiṭara to command, dominate, control (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to be master or
lord (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th.), reign, gain power (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th.); to seize (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.),
take hold (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.th.) II tasaiṭara = ‫ﺳﻴﻄﺮ‬
‫ ﺳـﻴﻄﺮة‬saiṭara rule, dominion, domination, command, supremacy, power,
authority (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over); decisive influence (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on); control (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over)
‫ ﻣﺴﻴﻄﺮ‬musaiṭir ruler, sovereign, overlord
‫ ﺳـﻴﻒ‬saif pl. ‫ ﺳـﻴﻮف‬suyūf, ‫ اﺳـﻴﺎف‬asyāf, ‫ اﺳـﻴﻒ‬asyuf sword; sabre, foil,
rapier |‫اﻹﺳﻼم‬ ‫ ﺳﻴﻒ‬s. al-islām title of princes of the royal house of Yemen
‫ ﺳﻴﻒ‬sīf pl. ‫ اﺳﻴﺎف‬asyāf shore, coast
‫ ﺳﻴﺎف‬sayyāf executioner
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻔﺔ‬musāyafa fencing (with saber or foil)
‫ﺳﻴﻘﺎرة = ﺳﻴﻜﺎرة‬
‫ ﺳﻴﻜﺎرة‬sigāra pl. ‫ ﺳﻜﺎﺋﺮ‬sagā’ir 2 cigarette (syr.)
‫ ﺳﻴﻜﺮان‬saikurān, saikarān henbane (Hyoscyamus niger; bot.)
749
‫( ﺳـﻴﻜﻮر ﻩ‬It. sicurtà) sikurtāh insurance |‫( )ﺳـﻴﻜﻮر ﻩ اﳊﺮﻳـﻖ )اﳊﻴـﺎة‬ḥayā) fire
(life) insurance
‫ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻰ‬sīkolōžī, saikolōjī psychologic(al)
1‫)ﺳـﻴﻞ‬ ‫ )ﺳـﺎل‬sāla i (sail, ‫ ﺳـﻴﻼن‬sayalān) to flow, stream; to be or become
liquid; to melt |‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( ﺳـﺎل ﻟﻌﺎﺑـﻪ‬lu’ābuhū) his mouth watered for ... II to make
flow, cause to stream, liquefy, melt, dissolve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV = II
‫ ﺳـﻴﻞ‬sail pl. ‫ ﺳـﻴﻮل‬suyūl flood, inundation; torrent, torrential stream | ‫ﺳـﻴﻞ‬
‫‘( ﻋـﺮام‬urām) huge mass, flood, stream; ‫( ﺑﻠـﻎ اﻟﺴـﻴﻞ اﻟـﺰﰉ‬zubā) the matter has
reached its climax, has come to a head
‫ ﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬saila stream
‫ ﺳﻴﻮﻟﺔ‬suyūla liquid state, liquidity, flow(ing)
‫ ﺳﻴﺎل‬sayyāl streaming, pouring, torrential; fluid, liquid; a liquid; stream; a
fluid |‫ﺳﻴﺎل‬ ‫( ﻗﻠﻢ‬qalam) facile pen, fluent style
‫ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﺔ‬sayyāla rivulet; pocket
‫ ﺳــﻴﻼن‬sayalān flowing, ftow; running; deliquescence, liquefaction;
Confidential
gonorrhea (med.); see also below
‫ ﻣﺴﻴﻞ‬masīl pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ‬masāyil2 river bed, rivulet
‫ ﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬sā’il ftuid, liquid; (pl. ‫ ﺳـﻮاﺋﻞ‬sawā’il2) a liquid, a fluid |O ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﺴـﻮاﺋﻞ‬
‘ilm as-s. hydraulics
‫ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ‬sā’ilīya fluidity, liquid state of aggregation (phys.)
2‫ ﺳﻴﻼن‬sayalān2 Ceylon;
3‫ ﺳﻴﻼن‬sīlān garnet (precious stone)
1‫ ﺳﻴﻢ‬sīmā (pass.) and VII to be consecrated, be ordained (Chr.)
2‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ وﻻ‬wa-lā siyyamā see ‫ﺳﻮى‬

3‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎء‬see next entry
4‫ ﺳﻴﻤﻰ‬sīmā (‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ‬sīmā), ‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺎء‬sīmā’2, ‫ ﺳﻴﻤﺔ‬sīma pl. ‫ ﺳﻴﻢ‬siyam mark, sign,

characteristic; mien, expression
5‫ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﺎ‬sīmiyā, ‫ ﺳﻴﻤﻴﺎء‬sīmiyā’ natural magic
‫ ﺳﲔ‬sīn name of the letter ‫س‬

‫ اﻻﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬al-aši‘‘a as-sīnīya S rays
‫ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ‬sīnā and ‫ ﺳﻴﻨﺎء‬sīnā’ Sinai
750
‫( ﺳـﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬Fr. cinéma) cinema, motion-picture theater | ‫ دور اﻟﺴـﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬dūr as.s.

motionpicture theaters, movies; ‫ )ﺳـﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺻـﺎﻣﺘﺔ )ﺻـﺎﻣﺖ‬silent film; ‫ﺳـﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻃﻘـﺔ‬
‫ )) ﻃﻖ‬or ‫ )ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺋﺘﺔ )ﺻﺎﺋﺖ‬sound film, talkie
‫ ﺳــﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ‬sīnēmā’ī cinematographic, cinematic, cinema-, movie- (in
compounds); motion-picture actor, film star |‫ﺳـﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫رواﻳـﺔ‬ motion picture,
film, movie
‫( ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻮﻏﺮاف‬Fr. cinématographe) sīnimatugrāf cinematograph
‫( ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺳﻜﻮب‬Fr. cinémascope) sīnimaskūb cinemascope
‫( ﺳﻴﻨﻮدس‬Gr. σύυδος) sinōdos synod
Confidential
751
‫ش‬
‫ ش‬abbreviation of ‫ ﺷﺎرع‬šāri‘ street (St.)
‫ ﺷﺎء‬šā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ ﺷﺎة‬šāh) pl. ‫ ﺷﻮاة‬šiwāh, ‫ ﺷﻴﺎﻩ‬šiyāh sheep; ewe
‫ ﺷﺆﺑﻮب‬šu’būb pl. ‫ ﺷﺂﺑﻴﺐ‬ša’ābīb2 downpour, shower
‫ ﺷﺎدر‬šādir, tent; storehouse, warehouse, magazine
‫ ﺷـﺎذرون‬šādarūn fountain; a small water-driven gadget adorned with hells,
and the like, resembling a mobile
‫ ﺷﺎروﺑﻴﻢ‬šārūbīm cherubim
‫ ﺷﺎﺳﻲ‬šāsī chassis
‫ ﺷـﺄﻓﺔ‬ša’fa root |‫ اﺳﺘﺄﺻـﻞ ﺷـﺄﻓﺘﻪ‬ista’ṣala ša’fatahū to extirpate, root out,
eradicate s.th., remove s.th. drastically
‫ ﺷـﺎﻛﻮش‬šākūš and ‫ ﺷـﻜﻮش‬šakūš pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮاﻛﻴﺶ‬šawākīš hammer |‫اﺑـﻮ ﺷـﺎﻛﻮش‬
hammerhead (shark)
‫ ﺷﺎل‬šāl pl. ‫ ﺷﻴﻼن‬šīlān shawl
‫( ﺷـﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬Fr. chalet) šālēh pl. -āt hunting cabin, .hooting lodge; beach cabin,
Confidential
cabana
or ‫ب‬
‫ ﺷﺎم‬VI to perceive an evil omen (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬in), regard as an evil portent (‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ب‬s.th.); to foretell calamity (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬from); to be superstitious; to he
pessimistic X to perceive an evil omen (‫ ب‬in), regard as an evil portent (‫ب‬
s.th.); to foretell calamity (‫ ب‬from)
‫ اﻟﺸـﺎم‬aš-ša’m, aš-šām the northern region, the North; Syria; Damascus
|‫وﳝﻨﺎ‬ ‫( ﺷﺎﻣﺎ‬yamanan) northward and southward
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻲ‬šāmī Syrian; (pl. -ūn, ‫( ﺷﻮام‬šuwām) a Syrian
‫ ﺷﺂﻣﻲ‬ša’āmī Syrian (adj. and n.)
‫ ﺷـﺆم‬šu’m calamity, bad luck, misfortune; evil omen, portent | ‫ﻻ ﲤـﻸ اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫( ﺷـﺆﻣﺎ‬tamla’, dunyā) (don’t fill the world with evil omen!) approx.: talk of
the devil and he will appear!
‫ اﺷــﺄم‬aā’am2, f. ‫ ﺷــﺆﻣﻰ‬šu’mā inauspicious, ill-omened, ominous,
portentous, sinister; calamitous, disastrous; unfortunate, fatal, accursed
‫ ﺗﺸﺎﺋﻢ‬tašā’um pessimism
752
‫ ﻣﺸـﺆوم‬maš’ūm and ‫ ﻣﺸـﻮم‬mašūm pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﺋﻴﻢ‬mašā’īm2 inauspicious, ill-

omened,
ominous, sinister; unfortunate, unlucky |‫ﻣﺸــﺆوم‬ ‫ﻋــﺪد‬ (‘adad) unlucky
number
‫ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺋﻢ‬mutašā’im pessimist
‫ ﺷـﺄن‬ša’n pl. ‫ ﺷـﺆون‬šu’ūn matter, affair, concern, business; circumstances,
state of affaire, case; nature, character, quality, kind; situation, condition,
state; significance; importance, consequence; standing, prestige, rank;
cranial future; pl. ‫ﺷـﺆون‬ tears; ša’na like, as |‫ ﺑﺸـﺄن‬bi-ša’ni regarding, with
regard or respect to, relating to, pertaining to, concerning, as to, about; ‫ﺟـﻞ‬
‫( ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ‬jalla) the Sublime (of God); ‫وزارة اﻟﺸـﺆون اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬ Ministry of Social
Affairs; ‫اﻟﺸـﺆون اﳋﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ‬ (kārijīya)foreign affairs; ‫ذو اﻟﺸـﺄن‬, f. ‫ذات اﻟﺸـﺄن‬ the
responsible man, the man in charge, the man directly concerned with the
matter;‫ اوﻟـﻮ اﻟﺸـﺄن‬ulū š-š. and ‫ ذوو اﻟﺸـﺄن‬dawū š-š. the influential people, the
competent people; the concerned with the matter; ‫ ﺷـﺆون اﳊﻴـﺎة‬š. al-ḥayāh
worldly affairs; ‫ ﺧﻄــﲑ اﻟﺸــﺄن‬of great importance; ‫ ذو ﺷــﺄن‬significant,
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important; ‫ رﻓﻴـﻊ اﻟﺸـﺄن‬high-ranking; (formerly, Tun.) title of members of the
Bey’s family; ‫ﺻــﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺸــﺄن‬ the one concorned;

concerned; the important, influential people; O
‫ اﺻــﺤﺎب اﻟﺸــﺄن‬those
‫( ﻣﻜﻠـﻒ ﻟﺸـﺆون‬mukallaf)
chargé d’affaires (dipl.); ‫اﻟ ـ‬ ‫ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ ﺷـﺄن‬... (ša’nuhū … ša’nu l-...) in this
matter he fares just as the …, he is, in this respect, in the same situation as
the ...; ‫ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫( رﺟـﻞ ﻫـﺬا‬ša’nuhū) a man whose situation is this, a man who can
‫ ﺷـﺄﻧﻚ‬ša’naka or ‫ اﻧـﺖ وﺷـﺄن‬anta
be described as ..., a man in this situation;
wa-ša’naka please your-self! do as you like! ‫( ﺷـﺄﻧﻚ وﻣـﺎ ﺗﺮﻳـﺪ‬ša’naka) do as
you please! just as you wish! ‫( دﻋـﲏ وﺷـﺄﱐ‬da‘nī) let me alone! ‫ﺗﺮﻛـﻪ وﺷـﺄﻧﻪ‬
tarakahū wa-ša’nahū to let s.o. alone; to let s.o. go; not to pay any attention
to s.o.; ‫ﺷﺄن‬
‫ ﻫﻮ ﰲ‬he is concerned with a matter; ‫ ﻫـﺬا ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ‬that’s his affair; ‫ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ ﺷـﺄﻧﻚ‬what’s the matter with you? what do you want? ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﺷـﺄﻧﻚ وﻫـﺬا‬what
have you got to do with this? what business of yours is this? ‫ﻣـﺎ ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ واﻷﻣـﺮ‬
(amra) what has he got to do with the matter? ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺄﱐ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ‬what have I got
to do with that? what business of mine is that? ‫اي ﺷـﺄن ﻟـﻚ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا‬ (ayyu
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ša’nin) what business of yours is this? what’s that to you? ‫ ﻟـﻪ ﺷـﺄن ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ‬he
has s.th. to do with this, he has a hand in this; ‫( ﻻ ﺷـﺄن ﻟـﻪ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ‬ša’na) he
hasn’t anything to do with this, he has no part in this; ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﱄ ﺷـﺄن ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ‬I
shall have nothing to do with that, that is none of my business, I shan’t
meddle in that; ‫ذﻟـﻚ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﺷـﺄن ﱄ ﰲ‬ša’na) I haven’t anything to do with it, it's
none of my business; ‫( ﱄ ﻣﻌـﻪ ﺷـﺄن آﺧـﺮ‬ākar) I still have a bone to pick with
him; ‫( ذﻫـﺐ ﻟـﺒﻌﺾ ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ‬li-ba‘ḍi ša’nihī) he attended to a task; he went to do
s.th.; ‫( اﻧﺼــﺮف اﱃ ﺷــﺄﻧﻪ‬inṣarafa) he left to do his work; ‫اﺻــﻠﺤﺖ ﻣــﻦ ﺷــﺄ ﺎ‬
(aṣlaḥat) she made herself up; ‫ اﳘـﻞ ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ‬ahmala ša’nahū he neglected him;
‫ ذﻟـﻚ ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ‬that is his habit; ‫ ﻫـﺬا ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ داﺋﻤــﺎ‬he is always that way; ‫ﺷــﺄﻧﻪ ﰲ‬
(ša’nahū) as he used to do in ...; ‫ ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ ﻣـﻊ ﻣـﻦ‬... (ša’nahū) as he used to deal
with people who ...; ‫ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻦ‬it was his wont, he used to ...; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺷـﺄﻧﻪ ان‬it
is in his (its) nature that ..., he (it) tends to ...; it is his business to ...; ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ان‬it is not his affair or business to ...; it is inappropriate for him to ...; it
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does not tend to …; is not conducive to ...; ‫( ان ﳍﺬا اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺷـﺄ‬rajuli) there is a
man to keep an eye on, this is an important man; there is s.th. about this
man! ‫ﰲ ﺧﻠﻘــﻪ ﺷــﺆون‬ (kalqihī) God has created all kinds of things
(meaning: strange things can happen in this world!)
‫( ﺷﺎﻧﺘﺎج‬Fr. chantage) šantāž blackmail
‫ ﺷـﺎﻩ‬šāh shah; king (chess) | ‫( ﺷـﺎﻩ ﺑﻠـﻮط‬ballūṭ) chestnut tree (bot.); ‫ﺷـﺎﻩ ﻣـﺎت‬
checkmate (chess)
‫ ﺷـﺎﻫﺎﱐ‬šāhānī the shah’s, pertaining to the shah; imperial | ‫ارادة ﺷـﺎﻫﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
decree of the Sultan (in Ottoman times)
‫ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ‬šāhīn pl. ‫ ﺷﻮاﻫﲔ‬šawāhīn2 shahin, an Indian falcon (zool.) ‫)ﺷﺂ )ﺷﺄو‬
šā’a u (‫ ﺷﺄو‬ša’w) to overtake in running, outrace (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺷـﺄو‬ša’w highest point, summit, peak; goal, object | ‫ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اﻟﺸـﺄو‬far-aiming,
far-aspiring; very ambitious; ‫ﺷـﺄوﻩ‬ ‫( ﺑﻠـﻎ ﰲ‬ša’wihī) to get as far in s.th. as s.o.
else, match s.o. in s.th.; ‫( ﺑﻠـﻎ ﺷـﺄوا ﺑﻌﻴـﺪا ﰲ اﻟﺮﻗـﻲ‬ruqīy) to undergo tremendous
progress; ‫اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ ﺑﻠﻎ اﻟﺸﺄو‬to carry off the prize, hit the bull’s eye
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‫ ﺷـﺎورﻣﺔ‬šāwarma, šāwirma (also ‫ )ﺷـﻮرﻣﺔ‬charcoal-broiled mutton, out in thin

slices and arranged conically on a vertical skewer (syr.)
‫ ﺷـﺎوش‬šāwuš (tun.) pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮاش‬šuwwāš sergeant; office boy, handy man;
doorman, gate-keeper
‫ ﺷـﺎوﻳﺶ‬šāwīš a military rank, approx.: staff sergeant (Eg.) | ‫ وﻛﻴـﻞ ﺷـﺎوﻳﺶ‬a
military rank, approx.: sergeant (Eg.)
‫ ﺷﺎي‬šāy tea
‫ ﺷـﺐ‬šabba i (‫ ﺷـﺒﺎب‬šabāb, ‫ ﺷـﺒﻴﺒﺔ‬šabība) to become a youth or young man,
to adolesce, grow up; -- i u (‫ ﺷـﺐ‬šibāb, ‫ ﺷـﺒﻴﺐ‬šabīb) to raise the forelegs as
if about to jump; to rear; to prance (horse); -- i (‫ ﺷـﺒﻮب‬šubūb) to burn, blaze
(fire); to break out (fire, war); -- u (šabb, šubūb) to light, kindle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fire) |
‫( ﺷﺒﺖ ﻧﲑان اﳊﺮب‬nīrān al-ḥarb) war broke out; ‫( ﺷﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﻮق‬ṭauq) to be over

the initial stages, with neg.: to be still in its infancy II to rhaplodize about a
beloved woman (‫ ) ـﺎ‬and one’s relationship to her, celebrate her in verse; to
flirt (‫ ـﺎ‬with a woman) V to rhaplodize about a beloved woman (‫ ) ـﺎ‬end
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one’s relationship to her, celebrate her in verse; to compose love sonnets; to
take fire, blaze up
‫ ﺷﺐ‬šabb (= ‫ ﺷﺎب‬šābb) youth, young man
‫ ﺷﺐ‬šabb alum
‫ ﺷﺒﺔ‬šabba (= šābba) young woman, girl
‫ ﺷﺒﺔ‬šabba alum
‫ ﺷﺒﺐ‬šabab fully grown (steer)
‫ ﺷــﺒﺎب‬šabāb youth, youthfulness; youths, young men, adolescents,
juveniles | ‫اﻟﺸﺒﺎب‬ ‫ ﲡﺪﻳﺪ‬rejuvenation
‫ ﺷﺒﺎﰊ‬šabābī youthful, juvenile
‫ ﺷﺒﻮب‬šubūb outbreak (of a war)
‫ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬šabbāba reed flute
‫ ﺷﺒﻴﺒﺔ‬šabība youth, youthfulness; ‫ اﻟﺸﺒﻴﺒﺔ‬the youth (coll.)
‫ ﺷـﺎب‬šābb pl. ‫ ﺷـﺒﺎن‬šubbān, ‫ ﺷـﺒﺎب‬šabāb, ‫ ﺷـﺒﺒﺔ‬šababa youthful, juvenile,
young; youth, young man
‫ ﺷﺎﺑﺔ‬šābba pl. -āt, ‫ ﺷﻮاب‬šawābb2, ‫ ﺷﺒﺎﺋﺐ‬šabā’ib2 young woman, girl
‫ ﻣﺸﺒﻮب‬mašbūb lighted, kindled, ignited, flaming, burning; beautiful
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‫ ﺷﺒﺖ‬šibitt dill (‫ﻫـ‬nethum graveolens; bot.)

1‫ ﺷـﺒﺚ‬šabita a (šabat) and V to cling, cleave, hold fast, hang on, attach
o.s. adhere (‫ ب‬to)

‫ ﺷﺒﺚ‬šabat pl. ‫ ﺷﺒﺜﺎن‬šibtān spider
‫ ﺷـﺒﺚ‬tašabbut tenacity; attachment, adherence, fidelity; stubbornness,
obstinacy
‫ ﻣﺘﺸﺒﺚ‬mutašabbit tenacious; attached, adherent; stubborn, obstinate
2‫ ﺷﺒﺚ‬šibitt (‫ﻫـ‬nethum graveolens; bot.)
‫ ﺷــﺒﺢ‬šabaḥ pl. ‫ ﺷــﺒﻮح‬šubūḥ, ‫اﺷــﺒﺎح‬ ašbāḥ blurred, indistinct shape;

apparition; phantom; ghost, specter, spirit; nightmare; figure, person
1‫ ﺷﱪ‬šabara u i (šibr) to measure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) with the span of the hand II do.;
to gesticulate, make gestures, to gesture
‫ ﺷﱪ‬šibr pl. ‫ اﺷﺒﺎر‬ašbār span of the hand | ‫( ﺷﱪا ﻓﺸﱪا‬fa-šibran) inch by inch;
‫( ﺷـﱪ ﻣـﻦ اﻷرض‬arḍ) a foot of ground; ‫( ﻗﻠـﺪﻩ ﺷـﱪا ﺑﺸـﱪ وذراﻋـﺎ ﺑـﺬراع‬qalladahū) to
imitate s.o. or s.th. religiously; to follow s.th. literally
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2‫ ﺷﺒﻮر‬šabbūr pl. ‫ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﲑ‬šabābīr2 trumpet
3‫ ﺷﺒﻮرة‬šabbūra and ‫ ﺷﺎﺑﻮرة‬šābūra (eg.) fog, mist
‫ ﺷﱪق‬šabraqa to tear to pieces, to shred (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﺷﱪﻗﺔ‬šabraqa pocket money
‫ ﺷﺒﺸﺐ‬šibšib pl. ‫ ﺷﺒﺎﺷﺐ‬šabāšib2 slipper
1‫ ﺷﺒﻂ‬šabaṭa to cling, cleave, hold on (‫ ﰲ‬to)
2‫ ﺷﺒﺎط‬šubāṭ(2) February (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)

3‫ ﺷﺒﻮط‬šabbūṭ (syr.) large fish found in the Euphrates and Tigris rivers
‫ ﺷـﺒﻊ‬šabi‘a a (šab‘, šiba‘) to satisfy one’s appetite (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.), eat
one’s fill (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.); to be or become sated, satisfied in one’s appetite;
to be full (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to be or become fed up, surfeited (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with), be or
become sick and tired (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of), have enough (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of) II to sate, satiate, fill ( ,‫ب‬
‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to satisfy, gratify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the appetite, one’s desires, the
senses); to load, charge (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with electricity) IV to sate, satiate, fill ( ‫ه‬
‫ ب‬s.o. with); to satisfy, gratify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the appetite, the senses); to saturate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
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s.th., e.g., with a dye); to load, charge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with electricity); to go in

(‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.) thoroughly; (gram.) to lengthen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a vowel) by writing it plane;
pass. ušbi‘a to be replete, full (‫ ب‬with, of) | ‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫( اﺷـﺒﻊ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬kalāma) to speak
in great detail, at great length about s.th., describe or explain s.th.
elaborately; ‫( اﺷـﺒﻌﻪ ﺿـﺮ‬ḍarban) to give s.o. a sound beating V to be sated,
saturated (‫ ب‬with); to be filled (‫ ب‬with), be full (‫ ب‬of); to be loaded or
charged (‫ ب‬with, el.)
‫ ﺷﺒﻊ‬šab‘ sufficiency, satiety, satiation, saturation, repletion, fullness
‫ ﺷﺒﻊ‬šib‘, šiba‘ s.th. that fills or satisfies the appetite, fill
‫ ﺷﺒﻊ‬šaba‘ saturation (chem.)
‫ ﺷﺒﻌﺔ‬šub‘a fill
‫ ﺷـﺒﻌﺎن‬šab‘ān f. ‫ ﺷـﺒﻌﻰ‬šab‘ā, pl. ‫ ﺷـﺒﺎﻋﻲ‬šabā‘ā, ‫ ﺷـﺒﺎع‬šibā‘ sated, satisfied,
full; rich
‫ اﺷﺒﺎع‬išbā‘ satiation, saturation, repletion, filling; satisfaction, gratification
‫ ﻣﺸـﺒﻊ‬mušabba‘, mušba‘ satiated, saturated (‫ ب‬with); replete, filled (‫ب‬
Confidential
with), full (‫ ب‬of) | ‫ء‬ ‫( ﻣﺸﺒﻊ ﻟﻜﻬﺮ‬kahrabā’) electrically charged
2‫ ﺷﺒﻖ‬šabiqa a (šabaq) to be lewd, lecherous, lustful
‫ ﺷﺒﻖ‬šabaq lewdness, lechery, licentiousness, lust
‫ ﺷﺒﻖ‬šabiq lewd, lecherous, lustful, licentious
2‫ ﺷﺒﻖ‬šubuq chibouk
1‫ ﺷــﺒﻚ‬šabaka i (šabk) to interjoin, intertwine, interlace, interweav.,
entangle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fasten, tighten, attach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or ‫ ﰲ‬to) II to interjoin,

intertwine, interlace, interweave, entangle, complicate (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬or ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.); to
crochet V to be interjoined, intertwined, interlaced, interwoven, entangled;
to b. or become complicated, involved, intricate, confused VI to be
intertwined, interlaced, interwoven, entangled; to be intermeshed, be
interwoven like a net VIII to be or become interjoined, interlaced,
interwoven, net-like, reticulate; to be intertwined (branches), be interlocked
(hands); to be or become entangled, snarled; to get entangled, involved,
ensnared, embroiled, implicated, mixed up (‫ ﰲ‬in); to com. to blows or to
gripe (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o.); to be or become complicated, involved, intricate,
confused (matter); to join, unite, combine, coalesce, merge, fuse (‫ ب‬with);
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to meet (eyes, glances) |‫ اﺷـﺘﺒﻚ ﰲ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ‬to be drawn into a conversation,

become engrossed in a discussion; ‫( اﺷـﺘﺒﻚ ﰲ ﺣـﺮب‬ḥarb) to become involved
in a war
‫ ﺷـﺒﻜﺔ‬šabaka pl. ‫ ﺷـﺒﻚ‬šabak, ‫ ﺷـﺒﺎك‬šibāk, ‫ ﺷـﺒﻮﻛﺎت‬šubūkāt net; netting,
network; snare; -- (pl.‫ ﺷـﺒﺎك‬šibāk) O grid (radio) ‫ ﺷـﺒﻜﺔ ﺷـﺎﺋﻜﺔ‬barbed-wire
entanglement, concertina; ‫( ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬lā-silkīya) radio network
‫ ﺷﺒﻜﻲ‬šabakī reticulate, reticular, netted, net-like; retinal; of framework
‫ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ‬šabakīya retina (anat.)
‫ ﺷـﺒﺎك‬šubbāk pl. ‫ ﺷـﺒﺎﺑﻴﻚ‬šabābīk2 netting, network; plaitwork; grid, grill;
window; wicket (post office, box office, etc.) | ‫ ﺷـﺒﺎك اﻟﻌـﺮض‬š. al-‘arḍ show
window, showcase, glass case
‫ ﻣﺸـﺒﻚ‬mišbak pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻚ‬mašābik2 hook; clasp, pin; hairpin, bobby pin |
‫ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ اﻟﻮرق‬m. al-waraq paper clip
‫ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻚ‬tašābuk confusion, intricacy, obscurity, abstruseness
Confidential
‫ اﺷـﺘﺒﺎك‬ištibāk entanglement, involvement (‫ ﰲ‬in); complication; hand-to-
hand fight, scuffle, melee (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with), clash (‫ ب‬with) | ‫ﻋـﺪم اﻻاﺷـﺘﺒﺎك ﰲ اﻟﻘﺘـﺎل‬
(‘adam al-išt.) nonintervention in battle
‫ ﻣﺸـﺒﻚ‬mušabbak plaited, resembling plaitwork; (pl. -āt) window (or door)
adorned with plaited latticework
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻚ‬muštabik entangled, involved, complicated, intricate
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻚ‬muštabak plaitwork; thicket (of branches)
2‫ ﺷﺒﻚ‬šubuk chibouk
3‫ ﺷﻮﺑﻚ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷـﺒﻞ‬IV to take care (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.o.), look (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬after s.o.), take s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in
hand
‫ ﺷﺒﻞ‬šibl pl. ‫ اﺷﺒﺎل‬ašbāl lion cub
‫ ﺷـﺒﲔ‬šabīn, šibin pl. ‫ ﺷـﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬šabāyin2 godfather, sponsor (Chr.); best man,
groomsman (Chr.)
‫ ﺷﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬šabīna, šibīna pl. -āt godmother, sponsor (Chr.); bridesmaid (Chr.)
‫ اﺷــﺒﲔ‬išbīn pl. ‫ اﺷــﺎﺑﲔ‬ašābīn2 godfather, sponsor (Chr.); best man,
groomsman (Chr.)
‫ اﺷﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬išbīna godmother, sponsor (Chr.); bridesmaid (Chr.)
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‫ ﺷـﺒﻪ‬II to make equal or similar (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.th. else); to compare

(‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ب‬s.th. with), liken (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); pass. šubbiha to be doubtful, dubious,
uncertain, obscure (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.) III to resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), bear a
resemblance, be similar (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)ﻫ ـ‬,
look (exactly) like s.o. (‫ ه( | وﻣﺎ ﺷـﺎﺑﻪ ذﻟـﻚ‬and the like IV to resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.), bear a resemblance, be similar (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), be like s.o.
or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to look (exactly) like s.o. (‫ ه( | وﻣﺎ اﺷﺒﻪ ذﻟﻚ‬and the like V to
compare o.s. (‫ ب‬with); to imitate, copy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) VI to resemble one
another, be similar to one another; to be equal to one another, be identical;
to be ambiguous, unclear VIII to resemble one another, be similar to one
another; to be in doubt (‫ ﰲ‬about), doubt (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to suspect (‫اﻣـﺮﻩ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ﰲ‬
s.o., s.th.); to be doubtful, dubious, obscure (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.) |‫ اﺷـﺘﺒﻪ ﰲ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬the
matter appeared doubtful to him
‫ ﺷـﺒﻪ‬šibh pl. ‫ اﺷـﺒﺎﻩ‬ašbāh resemblance, similarity, likeness; image, picture;
‫ ﺷـﺒﻪ‬šibhu
Confidential
analogue; similar, (a)like; -like, quasi-, semi- (with foll. genit.) |
jazīratin peninsula; ‫ﺷــﺒﻪ ﺣــﺮﰊ‬ š. ḥarbī semi-military; ‫ ﺷــﺒﻪ اﳌﻨﺤــﺮف‬š. al-
munḥarif trapezoid (geom.); ‫ﺷـﺒﻪ رﲰـﻲ‬ š. rasmī semi-official, officious
(dipl.); ‫ﺷـﺒﻪ اﻟﻈـﻞ‬ š. aẓ-ẓill penumbra; ‫ﺷـﺒﻪ ﻗـﺎرة‬ subcontinent; ‫ﺷـﺒﻪ اﳌﻌـﲔ‬ š. al-
mu‘ayyan rhomboid (geom.); ‫اﺷـﺒﺎﻫﻪ‬ ašbāhuhū the likes of him, his kind;
‫وﺷـﺒﻬﻬﻢ‬ and the likes of them, and their sort (of people); ‫ﰲ ﺷـﺒﻪ ﻋﺰﻟـﺔ ﻣـﺔ‬
(‘uzlatin tāmma) all but completely isolated, as good as completely isolated
‫ ﺷﺒﻪ‬šabah pl. ‫ اﺷﺒﺎﻩ‬ašbāh resemblance, similarity, likeness; image, picture;
analogue; similar, (a)like; brass
‫ ﺷـﺒﻬﺔ‬subha pl. ‫ ﺷـﺒﻬﺎت‬šubhāt, šubahāt, šubuhāt obscurity, vagueness,
uncertainty; doubt; suspicion; specious argument, sophism; judicial error
(Isl. Law) | ‫اﻟﺸـﺒﻬﺎت‬ ‫ ذوو‬dawū š-šubuhāt or ‫ اﺻـﺤﺎب اﻟﺸـﺒﻬﺎت‬dubious persons,
people of ill repute; ‫ ﲢﺖ اﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‬suspicious, suspect
‫ ﺷﺒﻬﺎن‬šabahān brass
759
‫ ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ‬šabīh pl. ‫ ﺷـﺒﺎﻩ‬šibāh similar (‫ ب‬to), like, resembling (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) |

‫( ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ ﳌﻨﺤـﺮف‬munḥarif) trapezoid (geom.); ‫( ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ ﻟﺮﲰـﻲ‬rasmī) semi-official,
officious (dipl.); ‫( ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﳌﻌﲔ‬mu‘ayyan) rhomboid (geom.)
‫ اﺷـﺒﻪ‬ašbah2 more similar, more resembling, more like | ‫ ﻫـﻮ اﺷـﺒﻪ ب‬he
resembles … more than anything else, he is just like …
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬mašābih2 similarities, related traits
‫ ﺗﺸـﺒﻴﻪ‬tašbīh comparison; allegory, simile, parable; ascription of human
characteristics to God, anthropomorphization (of God, theol.)
‫ ﻣﺸﺎ ﺔ‬mušābaha pl. -āt resemblance, similarity, likeness
‫ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬tašabbuh imitation (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﺗﺸــﺎﺑﻪ‬tašābuh resemblance, similarity, likeness; vagueness, haziness,
indistinctness, obscurity
‫ اﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ‬ištibāh resemblance, similarity, likeness; dubiousness, doubtfulness,
obscurity, inscrutability; doubt, misgiving, suspicion
‫ ﻣﺸﺒﻮﻩ‬mašbūh suspicious, suspect; dubious, doubtful; notorious; a suspect
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬mušābih similar
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺘﺸـﺎ ﺎت‬mutašābihāt obscure, not clearly intelligible passages in the
Koran
‫( ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‬muštabah) or ‫( ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﰲ اﻣﺮﻩ‬amrihī) suspicious, suspect; a suspect;
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ب‬suspected of s.th. | ‫( ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻌﻪ‬ṣan‘ihī) of doubtful make
‫ ﺷﺒﺎ‬šaban tip, point | ‫( ﻓﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﺎﻩ‬falla) to weaken s.o.
‫ ﺷﺒﺎة‬šabāh pl. ‫ ﺷﺒﻮات‬šabawāt tip, point; sting, prick
‫ ﺷـﺖ‬šatta i (šatt, ‫ ﺷـﺘﺎت‬šatāt, ‫ ﺷـﺘﻴﺖ‬šatīt) to be scattered, be dispersed, be
dissolved; -- šatta i to scatter, disperse, break up (‫ ﻫـﻢ‬a crowd, etc., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |
‫ﺷـﺖ ﴰﻠﻬـﻢ‬ (šamlahum) to disperse or break up the gathering of people,
dissolve their unity II to disperse, scatter, break up (‫ ﻫﻢ‬a crowd, etc., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
| ‫ﴰﻠﻬـﻢ‬ ‫( ﺷـﺘﺖ‬šamlahum) = ‫ ﺷـﺖ ﴰﻠﻬـﻢ‬IV = II V to be scattered, be dispersed,
be dissolved, scatter, disperse, breakup
‫ ﺷـﺖ‬šatt pl. ‫ اﺷـﺘﺎت‬aštāt dispersed, separate(d), scattered, dissolved; pl.
‫اﺷـﺘﺎت‬ manifold, variegated, diverse; scattered fragments, single pieces,
sections (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
760
‫ ﺷﺘﺎت‬šatāt dispersed, separate(d), scattered, dissolved

‫ ﺷـﺘﻴﺖ‬šatīt pl. or ‫ ﺷـﱴ‬šattā dispersed, separate(d), scattered, dissolved; pl.
‫ ﺷـﱴ‬diverse, sundry, various, different, manifold, miscellaneous, all kinds of
| ‫ ﺷﱴ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬or what a difference between the two of them! how different they
are!
‫ ﺷـﺘﺎن‬šattāna: ‫ ﺷـﺘﺎن ﺑـﲔ – و‬,‫ ﺷـﺘﺎن ﻣـﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ‬,‫ ﺷـﺘﺎن ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤـﺎ‬what a difference
between … and ...! how different they are!
‫ ﺗﺸــﺘﻴﺖ‬taštīt dispersion, scattering, dissolution; disruption, splitting,
splintering
1‫ ﺷﱰ‬šatara i to cut off, tear off, rip off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to tear (up) (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
2 ‫ﺷﱰات‬šitrāt citrate, salt of citric acid

‫ ﺷﺘﻞ‬šatala i to plant, transplant (‫ ﻫـ‬a plant)
‫ ﺷﺘﻠﺔ‬šatla pl. ‫ ﺷﺘﻮل‬šutūl, ‫ ﺷﺘﺎﺋﻞ‬šatā’il2 seedling, set, transplant
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻞ‬maštal pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﺗﻞ‬mašātil2 (plant) nursery, arboretum
‫ ﺷـﺘﻢ‬šatama i u (šatm) and III to abuse, revile, vilify, scold (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to
Confidential
vilify one another, abuse one another, heap curses upon one another
‫ ﺷﺘﻢ‬šatm abuse, vilification
‫ ﺷـﺘﺎم‬šattām one who indulges in frequent abuse or vilification; impudent,
insolent, impertinent, abusive
‫ ﺷﺘﻴﻢ‬šatīm abused, reviled, vilified, insulted
‫ ﺷﺘﻴﻤﺔ‬šatīma pl. ‫ ﺷﺘﺎﺋﻢ‬šatā’im2 abuse, vilification, vituperation, insult
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﲤﺔ‬mušātama vilification, vituperation
‫ )ﺷـﺘﺎ )ﺷـﺘﻮ‬šatā u (šatw) to pass the winter, to winter (‫ ب‬at a place); to
hibernate II = I; to rain V to pass the winter, to winter, hibernate (‫ ب‬at a
place)
‫ ﺷﺘﺎء‬šitā’ pl. ‫ اﺷﺘﻴﺔ‬aštiya, ‫ ﺷﱴ‬šutīy winter; rains, rainy season
‫ ﺷﺘﻮي‬šatwī, šatawī wintery, hibernal, winter (adj.)
‫ ﻣﺸـﱴ‬maštan pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎت‬mašātin winter residence, winter quarters; winter
resort
‫ ﺷﺎت‬šātin wintery, hibernal
‫ ﻣﺸﱴ‬mušattan winter residence, winter quarters; winter resort
761
‫ ﺷﱴ‬šattā pl. of ‫ ﺷﺘﻴﺖ‬šatīt (see ‫)ﺷﺖ‬

‫ ﺷـﺞ‬šajja i (šajj) to break, split, cleave, fracture, bash in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. the
skull)
‫ ﺷـﺠﺔ‬šajja pl. ‫ ﺷـﺠﺎج‬šijāj head wound which lays open the skull; skull
fracture
‫ ﺷـﺠﺐ‬šajaba u (šajb) and II to doom to destruction, to min, destroy (‫ه‬
s.o.); to condemn morally, criticize sharply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to afflict, grieve (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ ﺷﺠﺐ‬šajb destruction, routing, crushing
‫ ﺷﺠﺐ‬šajab sorrow, grief, worry; distress, affliction
‫ ﺷﺠﺎب‬šijāb pl. ‫ ﺷﺠﺐ‬šujub clothes hook (attached to the wall)
‫ ﻣﺸﺠﺐ‬mišjab pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﺟﺐ‬mašājib2 clothes hook, clothes rack
‫ ﺷـﺠﺮ‬šajara u (šajr) to happen, occur; to break out, develop (unrest) III to
quarrel, argue, dispute (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬or ‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to quarrel, fight, dispute (with
one another); to quarrel, argue, fight (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with) VIII do.
Confidential
‫ اﳊﺮوف اﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬al-ḥurūf aš-šajrīya the sounds j, š, ḍ (phon.)
‫ ﺷﺠﺮ‬šajar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﺷﺠﺎر‬ašjār trees; shrubs, bushes
‫ ﺷـﺠﺮة‬šajara pl. -āt tree; shrub, bush | ‫ ﺷـﺠﺮ اﻟﻨﺴـﺐ‬š. an-nasab genealogical
tree
‫ ﺷﺠﺮ‬šajir woody, wooded, abounding in trees
‫ ﺷﺠﲑ‬šajīr pl. ‫ ﺷﺠﺮاء‬šujarā’2 bad companion, bad company
‫ ﺷﺠﲑة‬šujaira pl. -āt shrub, bush
‫ ﺷﺠﺎر‬šijār (wooden) bar, bolt
‫ اﺷﺠﺮ‬ašjar2, f. ‫ ﺷﺠﺮاء‬šajrā’2 woody, wooded, abounding in trees
‫ ﺗﺸﺠﲑ‬tašjīr afforestation
‫ ﺷﺠﺎر‬šijār fight, quarrel; dispute, argument; see also above
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﺟﺮة‬mušājara fight, quarrel; dispute, argument
‫ ﻣﺸﺠﺮ‬mušajjar figured with designs of plants, branched (cloth)
‫ ﻣﺸﺠﺮ‬musjir abounding in trees, wooded
2‫ ﺷﺠﺮان‬šajarān shagreen (leather)
762
‫ ﺷـﺠﻊ‬šaju‘a u (‫ ﺷـﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬šajā‘a) to be courageous, brave, valiant, hold II to

encourage, embolden, hearten (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.o. to); to favor, support, hack,
promote, further (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to take heart, pluck up courage; to show
o.s. courageous; to be encouraged
‫ ﺷﺠﺎع‬šujā‘, šijā‘ pl. ‫ ﺷﺠﻌﺔ‬šaja‘a, ‫ ﺷﺠﻌﺎن‬šuj‘ān courageous, brave, valiant,
bold; hero; ‫ اﻟﺸﺠﺎع‬Hydra (astron.)
‫ ﺷﺠﻴﻊ‬šajī‘ pl. m. ‫ ﺷﺠﻌﺎء‬šuja‘ā’2, ‫ ﺷﺠﻌﺎن‬šuj‘ān, pl. f. ‫ ﺷﺠﺎﺋﻊ‬šajā’i‘2, ‫ﺷﺠﺎع‬
šijā‘ courageous, brave, valiant, bold, audacious
‫ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬sajā‘a courage, bravery, valor, valiance, boldness, audacity
‫ اﺷﺠﻊ‬ašja‘2, f. ‫ ﺷﺠﻌﺎء‬šaj‘ā’2 courageous, brave, valiant, bold, audacious
‫ اﺷﺠﻊ‬ašja‘, išjā‘ pl. ‫ اﺷﺎﺟﻊ‬ašāji‘2 (proximal or lint) phalanx of the finger
‫ ﺗﺸـﺠﻴﻊ‬tašjī‘ encouragement, heartening, animation (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); favoring,
furtherance, promotion, advancement
‫ ﻣﺸﺠﻊ‬mušajji‘ encourager; promoter, supporter, advocate, proponent
‫ ﺷـﺠﻦ‬šajina a to be sad, grieved, distressed, worried; to coo (pigeon); --
Confidential
šajana u (šajn, ‫ ﺷـﺠﻮن‬šujūn) to sadden, grieve, distress, worry (‫ ه‬s.o.) II and
IV = šajana
‫ ﺷـﺠﻦ‬šajan pl. ‫ ﺷـﺠﻮن‬šujūn, ‫ اﺷـﺠﺎن‬ašjān worry, anxiety, apprehension;
sorrow, grief, distress, sadness; (pl. šujun) twig, branch |‫ﺷــﺠﻮن‬ ‫اﳊــﺪﻳﺚ‬
conversation drifts from one topic to another
(‫ ﺷﺠﻮ‬and ‫ﺷﺠﺎ‬ (‫ ﺷﺠﻰ‬šajā u (‫ ﺷﺠﻮ‬šajw) to worry, trouble, grieve, sadden,
distress, fill with anxiety (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ‫ ﺷـﺠﻰ‬šajiya a (‫ ﺷـﺠﺎ‬šajan) to be or
become worried, troubled, grieved, sad, distressed, anxious, apprehensive II
to move, touch, grip (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to grieve, worry, trouble, sadden, fill with
anxiety (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺷــﺞ‬šajin, f. ‫ ﺷــﺠﻴﺔ‬šajiya worried, troubled, grieved, sad, anxious,

apprehensive
‫ ﺷـﺠﻮ‬šajw grief, worry, distress, anxiety, apprehension, sadness; fear;
affectedness, emotion; wailing, plaintive, moving strain (of a tune, of a
song, of an instrument)
‫ ﺷﺠﻮى‬šajawī worried, troubled, grieved, distressed, sad
763
‫ ﺷـﺠﺎ‬and ‫ ﺷـﺠﻰ‬šajān foreign body in the throat which inhibits breathing;

‫ ﺷـﺠﺎ‬affectedness, emotion, being moved, a touching, pathetic mood; also =
‫ ﺷﺠﻮ‬šajw
‫ ﺷ ــﺠﻰ‬šajīy worried, troubled, grieved, distressed, sad; anxious,
apprehensive, fearful; gripping, heart-rending, touching, moving (vocal part,
music)
‫ ﻣﺸﺞ‬mušajjin moving, touching, gripping, pathetic
‫ ﺷﺢ‬šaḥḥa (1st pers. perf. šaḥaḥtu) u i (šuḥḥ) to be or become stingy, tight-
fisted, avaricious, miserly, niggardly; to stint, economize (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬with or
in s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward s.o.); to be covetous, greedy (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬for); to become
short, run out, decrease, dwindle III to stint, be niggardly, be sparing; to
withhold (‫ ب‬from s.o. ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷـﺢ‬šuḥḥ stinginess, avarice, niggardliness; greed, covetousness; scarcity,
paucity, sparsity; ebb
‫ ﺷـﺤﻴﺢ‬šaḥīḥ pl. ‫ ﺷـﺤﺎح‬šiḥāḥ, ‫ اﺷـﺤﺔ‬ašiḥḥa, ‫ اﺷـﺤﺎء‬ašiḥḥā’2, pl. f. ‫ﺷـﺤﺎﺋﺢ‬
Confidential
šaḥā’iḥ2 stingy, tight-fisted, niggardly, miserly, avaricious (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬toward):
‫ ب‬with,
short, scarce, meager, sparse; greedy, covetous (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or) | ‫اﻷ م‬
‫( اﻟﺸﺤﺎﺋﺢ‬ayyām) the rainless days, the dry season

‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﺣﺔ‬mušāḥḥa: ‫ﻻ ﻣﺸـﺎﺣﺔ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ‬.(mušāḥḥata) that is incontestable; ‫ﻻ‬
‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﺣﺔ ان‬it is incontestable that ..., indisputably ...; ‫ وﻻ ﻣﺸـﺎﺣﺔ‬incontestably,
indisputably
‫ ﺷـﺤﺐ‬šaḥaba u a (‫ ﺷـﺤﻮب‬šuḥūb), šaḥūba u (‫ ﺷـﺤﻮﺑﺔ‬šuḥūba) and pass.
šuḥiba to be or become pale, wan, sallow, emaciated, lean, haggard; to look
ill, sickly
‫ ﺷﺤﻮب‬šuḥūb paleness, pallor, wanness, sallowness, emaciation
‫ ﺷـﺎﺣﺐ‬šāḥib pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮاﺣﺐ‬šawāḥib2 pale, wan, sallow; emaciated, lean,
haggard; dim, pale (e.g., light); dull, faded (color); wan (smile)
‫ ﺷﺤﺖ‬šaḥata (= ‫ )ﺷﺤﺬ‬to beg, ask for alms
‫ ﺷﺤﺎت‬šaḥḥāt pl. ‫ ة‬beggar | ‫ ﺷﺤﺎت اﻟﻌﲔ‬š. al-‘ain sty (med.)
764
‫ ﺷـﺤﺬ‬šaḥada a (šaḥd) to whet, sharpen, practice, train, strengthen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,

also, e.g., the intellect, one’s forces); to hone, strop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a knife); to beg, ask
for alms (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺷﺤﺎذ‬šaḥḥād (importunate) beggar | ‫ ﺷﺤﺎذ اﻟﻌﲔ‬š. al-‘ain sty (med.)
‫ ﺷﺤﺎذة‬beggary
‫ ﻣﺸﺤﺬ‬mišḥad, ‫ ﻣﺸﺤﺬة‬mišḥada whetstone, hone
‫ ﺷﺤﺮ‬II to soot, besmut, blacken with soot (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﺤﺎر‬šuḥḥār soot
‫ ﻣﺸﺤﺮ‬mašḥar charcoal kiln, pile
‫ ﻣﺸﺤﺮي‬mašḥarī charcoal burner
‫ ﺷﺤﺮور‬šuḥrūr pl. ‫ ﺷﺤﺎرﻳﺮ‬šaḥārīr2 thrush, blackbird (zool.)
‫ ﻣﺸﺤﺮ‬mušaḥḥar sooty
‫ ﺷـﺤﻂ‬šaḥṯa a (šaḥṯ) to be far away, distant, remote; to strike (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a match);
to strand, be stranded, run aground (ship); to ground on a sandbank II to
Confidential
strand, be stranded, run aground (ship); to ground on a sandbank; to strand
(‫ ﻫـ‬a ship)
‫ ﺷﺤﻄﺔ‬šaḥṭa pl. -āt stripe, braid (on a uniform)
‫ ﺷﺤﺎﻃﺔ‬šaḥḥāṭa pl. -āt (syr.) match, lucifer
‫ ﺷﺤﻴﻄﺔ‬šuḥḥaiṭa (syr.) match, lucifer
‫ ﺷﺎﺣﻂ‬šāḥiṭ far (away), distant, remote, outlying, out-of-the-way; stranded
‫ ﺷـﺤﻢ‬šaḥuma u (‫ ﺷـﺤﺎﻣﺔ‬šaḥāma) to be or become fat II to grease, lubricate
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷـﺤﻢ‬šaḥm pl. ‫ ﺷـﺤﻮم‬šuḥum, ‫ ﺷـﺤﻮﻣﺎت‬šuḥūmāt fat, suet, grease; axle
grease, lubricant; tallow, sebum; lard; pulp (of fruit)
‫ ﺷﺤﻤﺔ‬šaḥma (n. un.) a piece of fat, etc. (see ‫ ﺷﺤﻢ( | ﺷﺤﻤﺔ اﻷذن‬š. al-udun
earlobe; ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ ﺷﺤﻤﺔ‬s. al-arḍ truffle; ‫ ﺷﺤﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﲔ‬š. al-‘ain eyeball
‫ ﺷﺤﻤﻲ‬šaḥmī fatty, sebaceous, stearic
‫ ﺷﺤﻢ‬šaḥim pulpy, mushy, pappy (fruit)
‫ ﺷﺤﻴﻢ‬šaḥīm fat, fatty
O ‫ ﻣﺸﺤﻤﺔ‬mišḥama pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﺣﻢ‬mašāḥim2 grease box (of a wheel)
765
‫ ﺗﺸـﺤﻴﻢ‬tašḥīm lubrication, greasing, oiling (of a machine) | ‫زﻳـﻮت اﻟﺘﺸـﺤﻴﻢ‬

lubricating oils, lubricants
‫ ﺗﺸﺤﻢ‬tašaḥḥum fatness, obesity
‫ ﻣﺸﺤﻢ‬mušaḥḥam fat, fatty, greasy
‫ ﻣﺸﺤﻢ‬mušḥim pulpy, mushy, pappy (fruit)
‫ ﺷـﺤﻦ‬šaḥana a (šaḥn) to fill up (‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬s.th. with); to load, freight (‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬so
ship with); to ship, freight, consign (‫ ﻫ ـ‬goods); to load, charge (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th.
with, el.); to drive away, chase away, repel (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to hate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
quarrel, argue, fight (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to fill up (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ب‬ s.th. with); to load,
freight (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with) VI to hate one another; to quarrel, have a feud
‫ ﺷـﺤﻦ‬šaḥn loading, freighting; shipment, freightage; cargo, lading, load,
freight | ‫اﻟﺸـﺤﻦ‬ ‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴـﺔ‬būlīsat aš-š. sill of lading; ‫ ﺳـﻴﺎرة ﺷـﺤﻦ‬sayyārat š. truck,
lorry
‫ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ‬šaḥna pl. šaḥanāt cargo, lading, load, freight; charge (el.)
‫ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ‬šiḥna police, police force
Confidential
‫ ﺷﺤﻨﺎء‬šaḥnā’2 grudge, rancor, hatred, enmity
‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﺣﻨﺔ‬mušāḥana pl. -āt grudge, rancor, hatred, enmity; quarrel, feud,
controversy
‫ ﺷـﺎﺣﻦ‬šāḥin loaded, laden, freighted (esp. ship) | O ‫ ﺷـﺎﺣﻦ اﳌـﺮﻛﻢ‬š. al-
markam battery charger
‫ ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺔ‬šāḥina pl. -āt truck, lorry; baggage car
‫ ﻣﺸـﺤﻮن‬mašḥūn loaded, laden, freighted (esp. ship); charged (el.); pl.
‫ ﻣﺸﺤﻮ ت‬cargo, lading, load, freight
‫ ﺷﺤﻮر‬šaḥwara to soot, besmut, blacken with soot (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﺤﻮر‬šaḥwar blackbird (zool.)
‫ ﺷﺤﻮر‬šaḥwār soot, smut
‫ ﺷﺦ‬šakka u (šakk) to urinate, piss, make water
‫ ﺷﺦ‬šakk urine, piss
‫ ﺷﺨﺎخ‬šakāk urine, piss
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺨﺔ‬miškaka public lavatory
‫ ﺷﺨﺐ‬šakaba u a (šakb) to flow, stream, run, pour forth, gush forth
766
‫ ﺷﺨﺒﻂ‬šakbaṭa to scribble, scrawl (in writing)

‫ ﺷـﺨﺘﻮر‬šaktūr, ‫ ﺷـﺨﺘﻮرة‬pl. ‫ ﺷـﺨﺎﺗﲑ‬šakātīr large, flat-bottomed (wooden)
barge; punt
‫ ﺷـﺨﺮ‬šakara i (‫ ﺷـﺨﲑ‬šakīr) to snore; to snort; to neigh, whinny; to bray
(donkey)
‫ ﺷﺨﺸﺦ‬šakšaka to rattle, clatter, clank
‫( ﺷﺨﺸـﺨﻴﺔ‬eg.) šukšēka pl. ‫ ﺷﺨﺎﺷـﺦ‬šakāšik rattle (toy); toy, plaything;
skylight
‫ ﺷﺨﺺ‬šakaṣa a (‫ ﺷـﺨﻮص‬šukūṣ) to rise, tower up; to become high, lofty; to
rise, ascend (star); to appear (‫ ل‬to s.c.); to stare, gaze (‫ اﱃ‬at, of the eye), be
fixed (‫ اﱃ‬on, of the glance); to be glazed (eyes of a dying person); to start

out, leave, depart (‫ اﱃ‬to see s.o., for a place), travel, journey (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o., to a
place); to pass (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from one state or condition into another) | ‫ﺷـﺨﺺ ﺑﺼـﺮﻩ‬
(baṣarahū) or ‫ﺷـﺨﺺ ﺑﺒﺼـﺮﻩ‬ to fix one’s eyes, one’s glance (‫ اﱃ‬on), look
fixedly (‫ اﱃ‬at s.o.), stare, gaze (‫ اﱃ‬at) II to represent as a person or
Confidential
individual, personify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to specify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), identify (‫ه‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to act, play (‫ ﻫـ‬a part, of the actor); to perform (actor) | ‫( ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺮﺿﺎ‬maraḍan)
to diagnose a disease IV to send off, send out, dispatch (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to appear,

be revealed, show o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.o.)
‫ ﺷـﺨﺺ‬šakṣ pl. ‫ اﺷـﺨﺎص‬aškāṣ, ‫ ﺷـﺨﻮص‬šukūṣ individual, person; figure;
character (of a play); someone, somebody
‫ ﺷﺨﺼـﻲ‬šakṣī personal, private, of one’s own; ‫ ﺷﺨﺼـﻴﺎ‬šakṣīyan personally |
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن )ﻧﻈﺎم( اﻷﺣﻮال اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬personal statute
‫ ﺷﺨﺼــﻴﺔ‬šakšīya pl. -āt individuality, personality (also = personage);
distinctive way of life, peculiarity, distinctive character, personal stamp;
identity | ‫ﺷﺨﺼــﻴﺔ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻳــﺔ‬ (i‘tibārīya) legal person (jur.); ‫ﲢﻘﻴــﻖ اﻟﺸﺨﺼــﻴﺔ‬
identification of a person; ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺷـﻬﺎدة ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ‬šahādat t. aš-š. identity card;
‫ ﻗﻠﻢ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬qalam t. aš-š. bureau of identification
‫ ﺷﺨﺼﺎﰐ‬šakṣātī (comic) actor, comedian
767
‫ ﺗﺸ ــﺨﻴﺺ‬taškīṣ personification; exact designation, specification;

identification; diagnosis; acting, performance (on stage), play(ing) (of an
actor)
‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ‬diagnostic | ‫ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻲ‬diagnostician
‫ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬šākiṣ fixed, glazed (glance); pole, stake (eg.)
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬mušakkiṣ actor, player; representative
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺔ‬mušakkaṣa pl. -āt actress, player; personality
‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼــﺎت‬mušakkiṣāt qualities or factors lending s.th. its distinctive
character, peculiarities, characteristics
‫ ﺷﺨﻂ‬šakaṭa (eg.) to shout, bark, bellow (‫ ﰲ‬at s.o.)
‫ ﺷـﺨﻠﻞ‬šaklala (eg.) to jingle, tinkle; to clatter, rattle (‫ ب‬with); to coquet,
flirt
‫ ﺷﺨﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬šaklīla (eg.) jingle, jangle, tinkling
‫ ﺷـﺪ‬šadda i (‫ ﺷـﺪة‬šidda) to be or become firm, fast, solid, hard, strong,
vigorous, rosust, vehement, violent, intense; -- šadda u i (šadd) to make
firm, hard, strong, solidify, harden, srace (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), strengthen, fortify (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
s.o., s.th.); to tighten, pull taut, draw tight (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., the sow); to fasten,
tie, sind (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. on, to), lash (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. on); to saddle (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬an
animal); to put emphasis (‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬alā kalimatin on word), emphasize,
stress (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬a word); to pull, drag (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ه‬ s.o. sy the coat); to charge,
launch an attack (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against, on), assault, attack (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to press
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. or upon s.th.), exert pressure (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to insist (‫ ﰲ‬on s.th.) | ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷـﺪ‬
šadda-mā and ‫ﻣـﺎ‬
‫( ﻟﺸـﺪ‬la-šadda) (with foll. vers) how much ...! very often ...;
very much, exceedingly, vehemently, violently; ‫ﻟﺸ ــﺪ ﻣ ــﺎ ﻛــﺎن ﺳ ــﺮور اذ‬
tremendous was our joy when …; ‫( ﺷـﺪ ازرﻩ‬azrahū) or ‫ ﺷـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ازرﻩ‬to help,
support, encourage, sack up s.o.; ‫( ﺷـﺪ ازرﻩ‬azruhū) to be energetic, vigorous,

courageous; ‫ ﺷـﺪ اﻟﺰﻣـﺎم‬to tighten the reins, master the situation; ‫ﺷـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﺰاﺋﻤـﻪ‬
to strengthen s.o.’s determination; ‫‘( ﺷﺪﻋﻀــﺪﻩ‬aḍudahū) to strengthen,
support, solster, assist s.o.; ‫( ﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ راﺣﻠﺘﻪ‬be saddled his female riding camel
=) he started out on the journey; ‫راﺣﻠﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ ﺷـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to start out, depart, leave (‫اﱃ‬
768
for); ‫ﺷـﺪ و ﻗـﻪ‬ (watāqahū) to shackle, fetter s.o.; ‫ﺷـﺪ ﻳـﺪﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ (yadahū) to
adhere, cling to s.th.; ‫ﺷـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻳﺪﻳــﻪ‬ (yadaihi) to clasp s.o.’s hands II to
strengthen, intensify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) strong, hard, harsh, severe;
(gram.) to intensify, dousle, geminate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a consonant); to exert pressure (
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), press (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon); to be hard, strict, stern (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﰲ‬toward s.o. in); to
impress (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ب‬upon s.o. s.th.) | ‫( ﺷـﺪد ﰲ ﻃﻠﺒـﻪ‬ṭalasihī) to demand s.th.
emphatically or inexorasly; ‫( ﺷـﺪد ﻣـﻦ ﻋﺰﳝﺘـﻪ‬šuddida) he was strengthened in
his determination III to argue, have an argument, an exchange of words (‫ه‬
with s.o.) V to be hard, harsh, strict, severe, stern (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward); to be or
become violent, vehement, intense, strong; to show o.s. stem, harsh, hard,
inexorasle, be relentless, remain unmoved, unrelenting VI to argue with one
another VIII to be or become hard, harsh, rigorous, intense, forceful, severe,
strong, vehement, violent, passionate; to become harder, harsher, more
rigorous, more intense, more forceful, severer, stronger, more vehement,
more violent, more passionate; to intensify, increase, grow; to become
aggravated, more critical; to become tormenting, excruciating, distressing,
Confidential
unbearable (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.), take a turn for the worse (disease, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.);
to be advanced (time of the day); to run, race, dash | ‫( اﺷﺘﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻩ‬sā‘iduhū) to

become strong, vigorous
‫ ﺷﺪ‬šadd: ‫ ﺷﺪ اﳊﺒﻞ‬š. al-ḥabl tug of war
‫ ﺷــﺪة‬šadda (n. vic.) strengthening, intensification; stress, emphasis;
pulling, dragging, tugging; tightness, tautness; stress, strain; doubling sign
over a consonant (gram.) | ‫اﻟﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ ﺷﺪة ورق‬š. waraq al-la‘b deck of cards
‫ ﺷـﺪة‬šidda strength, forcefulness, power, vehemence, violence, intensity,
severity, force, high degree, (pl. ‫ﺷــﺪاﺋﺪ‬ šadā’id2) misfortune, calamity,
misery, adversity, distress, hardship, affliction, discomfort
‫ ﺷﺪاد‬šadād pl. ‫ اﺷﺪة‬ašidda riding saddle (of a camel)
‫ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ‬šadīd pl. ‫ اﺷـﺪاء‬ašiddā’2, ‫ ﺷـﺪاد‬šidād strong, powerful, forceful,
vigorous, stem, severe, rigorous, hard, harsh, violent, vehement, intense;
bad, evil, ominous, calamitous, difficult (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); with foll. subst.
frequently corresponding to Engl. “very”, e.g., ‫ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ اﻻﻋﺘﻨـﺎء‬very attentive,
very careful | ‫ارض ﺷـﺪﻳﺪة‬ (arḍ) solid or firm ground; ‫ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺒـﺄس‬š. al-ba’s
769
courageous, stouthearted, bold, audacious, brave, valiant; ‫ﺷــﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺸــﻜﻴﻤﺔ‬

stubborn, obstinate, unbending, unyielding, relentless; ‫ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻠﻬﺠـﺔ‬š. al-
lahja strongly worded, vehement in language, sharp in tone; ‫ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﺄة‬š. al-
waṭ’a cruel
‫ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪة‬šadīda pl. ‫ ﺷـﺪاﺋﺪ‬šadā’id2 misfortune, calamity, misery, adversity,
distress, hardship, affliction, discomfort
‫ اﺷﺪ‬ašadd2 stronger, more intense, severer, harder, worse | used with foll.
indeterminate abstract substantives as paraphrase of simple elatives, e.g.,
‫( اﺷﺪ ﺳﻮادا‬sawādan) blacker, ‫( اﺷﺪ ﻏﻀﺒﺎ‬gaḍaban) more wrathful, angrier; ‫اﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن‬extremely, exceedingly, very much, e.g., ‫روﺣﻬﻢ اﺷﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﻌﻄﺸﺎ اﱃ‬
‫( اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬rūḥuhum, ta‘attušan, ‘ilm) they are extremely eager for knowledge
‫ اﺷﺪ‬ašudd physical maturity, virility | ‫ ﺑﻠﻎ اﺷﺪﻩ‬to attain full maturity, come
of legal age; to reach its climax
‫ ﻣﺸﺪ‬mišadd pl. -āt corset, stays
‫ ﺗﺸـ ــﺪﻳﺪ‬tašdīd intensification, strengthening; (gram.) intensified
Confidential
pronunciation, germination, doubling (of a consonant); doubling sign over a
consonant; pressure (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on)
‫ ﻣﺸـﺎدة‬mušādda exchange of words, squabble, argument, quarrel, fight,
controversy, conflict
‫ اﺷﺘﺪاد‬ištidād aggravation, intensification, increase; deterioration
‫ ﻣﺸﺪود‬mašdūd tense, tight, taut
‫ ﻣﺸﺪد‬mušaddid: ‫ ﻇﺮوف ﻣﺸﺪدة‬aggravating circumstances
‫ ﻣﺸﺪد‬mušaddad doubled (letter; gram.); emphatic, intense; severe, stern
‫ ﻣﺘﺸــﺪد‬mutašaddid pl. -ūn stem zealot, bigot, proponent of a stern
viewpoint
‫ ﺷﺪح‬šadaka a (šadk) to break, shatter, smash, crush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II do.
‫ ﺷﺎدر‬šādir pl. ‫ ﺷﻮادر‬šawādir2 tent; storehouse, warehouse, magazine
‫ ﺷـﺎدوف‬šādūf pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮادف‬šawādīr (eg.) shadoof, counterpoised sweep for
raising irrigation water
‫ ﺷـﺪق‬V to announce (‫ ب‬s.th.) in a boastful, bragging, loud-mouthed
manner, to vaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.); to chatter, prattle | ‫ﺗﺸـﺪق ﻟﻜـﻼم‬ (kalām) to
enunciate overcarefully, speak affectedly; to be agape
770
‫ ﺷﺪق‬šidq pl. ‫ اﺷﺪاق‬ašdāq corner of the mouth; jawbone | (‫ﺿﺤﻚ ﲟﻞء )ﻣﻞء‬
‫ﺷﺪﻗﻴﻪ‬ ḍaḥika bi-mil’i (mil’a) šidqaihi to grin from ear to ear
‫ اﺷﺪق‬ašdaq2, f. ‫ ﺷﺪﻗﺎء‬šadqā’2 having a large mouth, largemouthed
‫ ﻣﺘﺸﺪق‬mutaš8addiq pl. -ūn braggart, boaster, bigmouth
‫ ﺷﺪن‬šadana u to be weaned, be on its own feet (young animal)
‫ ﺷﺎدن‬šādin pl. ‫ ﺷﻮادن‬šawādin2 gazelle fawn
‫ ﺷﺪﻩ‬šadaha a to confuse, perplex, baffle (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﺸﺪوﻩ‬mašdūh perplexed, appalled, baffled
‫ )ﺷـﺪا )ﺷـﺪو‬šadā u (šadw) to sing; to chant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to acquire or have
education, become or be educated (‫ ﰲ‬in a field) | ‫ ﺷﺪا ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬to know a
little Arabic, have a smattering of Arabic
‫ ﺷﺪو‬šadw song, chant
‫ ﺷﺎد‬šādin pl. ‫ ﺷﺎدون‬šādūn educated, trained (e.g., ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬linguistically) | ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﺷﺎدﻳﺔ‬laila šādiya soirée of vocal music
Confidential
‫ ﺷﺎدﻳﺔ‬šādiya songstress, singer
‫ ﺷﺪ ق‬šidyāq pl. ‫ ﺷﺪاﻳﻘﺔ‬šadāyiqa sub deacon (Chr.)
‫ ﺷـﺬ‬šadda i u (šadd, ‫ ﺷـﺬوذ‬šudūd) to segregate, separate, isolate o.s. (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from), be separated, isolated (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), be outside s.th. (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, elude (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.th.); to be alone; to be irregular, deviate, stand out (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), be an
exception (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬to); to be wanting, lacking; to decrease, dwindle

‫ ﺷﺬ‬šadd irregularity, deviation, anomaly, exception (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to)
‫ ﺷــﺬوذ‬irregularity, deviation, anomaly, exception (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬to); curiosity,
eccentricity, eccentric character
‫ ﺷـﺎذ‬šādd pl. ‫ ﺷـﺬاذ‬šudād, ‫ ﺷـﻮاذ‬šawādd2 isolated, separate(d), detached,
alone; irregular, abnormal, anomalous, unusual, extraordinary, exceptional,
singular, curious, queer, odd, peculiar, strange, eccentric; noncanonical
(version); pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮاذ‬exceptions | ‫ ﺷـﺎذ اﻷﺧـﻼق‬of deviant (= inferior) character;
‫ ﺷﺎذ اﻟﻄﺒـﻊ‬š. aṭ-ṯab‘, ‫ ﺷـﺎذ اﻷﻃـﻮار‬,‫ ﺷـﺎذ اﻟﻄﺒـﻊ‬eccentric, extravagant, crazy; ‫ﺷـﺬاذ‬
‫ اﻵﻓﺎق‬the foreigners, the strangers
‫ ﺷﻮاذات‬šawāddāt peculiarities, idiosyncrasies
771
‫ ﺷـﺬب‬šadaba i u (šadb) to out off, sever (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to trim, clip, prune, lop
(‫ ﻫـ‬hedges, trees); to adept, doctor, modify (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II do.
‫ ﺷﺬر‬V to be scattered, be dispersed; to scatter, disperse
‫ ﺷـﺬرة‬šadra pl. šadarāt, ‫ ﺷـﺬور‬šudūr particle, bit, tiny piece; fragment,
section
‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻮا ﺷﺬر ﻣـﺬر‬tafarraqū šadara madara, šidara midara they scattered in all
directions
‫ ﺷﺬو‬šadw fragrance of musk
‫ ﺷﺬا‬šadan flagrance, scent, aroma
‫ ﺷﺬى‬šadīy fragrant, aromatic
‫ ﺷـﺮ‬šarra (1st pers. perf. šarirtu) a, (1st pers. perf. šarurtu) u (šarr, ‫ﺷـﺮة‬
širra) to be bad, evil, wicked, vicious, malicious, malignant
‫ ﺷـﺮ‬šarr pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮور‬šurūr evil, ill, mischief; calamity, disaster; iniquity,
injustice; harm, damage, injury; wickedness, viciousness, malice; vice, sin; -
- (pl. ‫ اﺷـﺮار‬ašrār) bad, evil, wicked, vicious, malicious; evildoer, culprit; --
Confidential
šarr (as elative) worse, more evil | ‫(ﻫﺰﻣﻬﻢ ﺷﺮ ﻫﺰﳝـﺔ‬šarra hazīmatin) he brought
utter defeat upon them
‫ ﺷﺮاﱐ‬šarrānī evil, vicious, malicious
‫ ﺷـﺮة‬širra evil, ill, mischief; calamity, disaster; iniquity, injustice; harm,
damage, injury; wickedness, viciousness, malice; vice, sin; vivacity
enthusiasm, fire of youth
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﺮ‬šarīr pl. ‫ اﺷﺮاء‬aširrā’2 bad, evil, wicked, vicious, malicious
‫ ﺷـﺮﻳﺮ‬širrīr very bad, very evil, very wicked, very vicious, very malicious;
scoundrel; ‫ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﺮ‬the Evil One (= Satan)
‫ ﺷﺮر‬šarar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sparks
‫ ﺷﺮرى‬šararī spark (used attributively)
‫ ﺷﺮار‬šarār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sparks
‫ ﺷـﺮارة‬šarāra pl. -āt spark | ‫ ﴰﻌـﺔ اﻟﺸـﺮارة‬šam‘at aš-š. spark plug; ‫ﻣﻔﺘـﺎح اﻟﺸـﺮارة‬
miftāḥ aš-š. ignition key (automobile)
‫ ﺷﺮاري‬šarārī spark (used attributively)
‫ ﺷﺮار‬šarrār sparkling, scintillating, emitting sparks
772
‫ اﺷـﺮأب‬išra’abba to stretch one’s neck in order to see s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫)اﱃ‬, crane
one’s neck for (‫ ل‬or ‫ ;)اﱃ‬to carry one’s head high (out of vanity); to leer (‫اﱃ‬
at)
‫ ﺷﺮاب‬šurrāb pl. -āt stocking, sock
‫ ﺷﺮاس‬širās glue, paste
1‫ ﺷﺮب‬šariba a (šurb, ‫ ﻣﺸﺮب‬mašrab) to drink (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to sip (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﺷﺮب‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺒـﻪ‬ (ḥubbihī) to drink s.o.’s health, toast s.o.; ‫ﺷـﺮب اﻟـﺪﺧﺎن‬ (dukāna) to
smoke; ‫( ﺷـﺮب ﳔﺒـﻪ‬nakbahū) to drink s.o.’s health, toast s.o. II to give (‫ه ﻫ ـ‬
s.o. s.th.) to drink, make or let drink (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.); to drench, soak,
saturate, impregnate (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to inculcate, imbue (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. with
s.th.) III to drink in s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬company, have a drink (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to give
(‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. s.th.) to drink, make or let drink (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.); to drench, soak,
saturate, impregnate (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to inculcate, imbue (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o.
with); pass. ušriba to be or become full (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), be filled, imbued,
Confidential
infused (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.), be dominated, permeated (‫ ﻫ ـ‬by s.th.) | ‫اﺷـﺮﺑﻪ ﻣـﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺸـﺮب‬
(yašrab) to attribute s.th. wrongly to s.o. V to soak up, absorb, imbibe (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to be permeated, imbued, infused (‫ب‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.) ; to be full
(‫ ب‬of), be filled, replete (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﺷﺮب‬šurb drinking, drink; absorption
‫ ﺷـﺮﺑﺔ‬šarba drink; sip, draught, swallow; dose, potion (of a medicine);
laxative, purgative, aperient
‫ ﺷﺮﺑﺔ‬šurba drink; sip, draught, swallow; dose, potion (of a medicine)
‫ ﺷـﺮاب‬šarāb pl. ‫ اﺷـﺮﺑﺔ‬ašriba beverage, drink; wine; fruit juice, fruit syrup,
sherbet | ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎح‬ ‫ ﺷﺮاب‬š. at-tuffāḥ apple juice; cider; ‫ ﺷـﺮاب اﻟﱪﺗﻘـﺎل‬š. al-burtuqāl
orangeade
‫ ﺷﺮاب‬šarrāb drunkard, heavy drinker
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﺐ‬šarīb drinkable, potable
‫ ﺷﺮاﺑﺔ‬šarrāba, šurraba pl. ‫ ﺷﺮارﻳﺐ‬šarārīb2 tassel, tuft, bob | ‫ ﺷﺮاﺑﺔ اﻟﺮاﻋﻲ‬š.
ar-rā‘ī (European) holly (Ilex aquifolium; bot.)
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﺐ‬širrīb drunkard, heavy drinker
773
‫ ﻣﺸـﺮب‬mašrab drink (as opposed to food); (pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎرب‬mašārib2) drinking

place, water hole, drinking trough, drinking fountain; restaurant, bar;
inclination, taste; movement, school (e.g., in philosophy)
‫ ﻣﺸـﺮﺑﺔ‬mašraba pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎرب‬mašārib2 drinking place, water hole, drinking
trough, drinking fountain
‫ ﻣﺸـﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬mašrabīya, mušrabīya and ‫ ﻣﺸـﺮﺑﺔ‬mašraba moucharaby, projecting
oriel window with a wooden latticework enclosure; wooden oriel; attic
room; mašrabīya a kind of drinking vessel; vase, pot for flowers
‫ ﺗﺸﺮب‬tašarrub absorption, soaking up, imbibing
‫ ﺷـﺎرب‬šārib pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺷـﺮب‬šarb, ‫ ﺷـﺮوب‬šurūb drinking; drinker; (pl. ‫ﺷـﻮارب‬
šawārib2) mustache, frequently dual: ‫ن‬ ‫ﺷﺎر‬
‫ ﻣﺸـﺮوب‬mašrūb pl. -āt drink, beverage | ‫( ﻣﺸـﺮو ت روﺣﻴـﺔ‬rūḥīya) alcoholic
beverage, liquors
2‫ ﺷﺮﺑﺔ‬šorba soup
‫ ﺷﻮرﺑﺔ‬šorba (eg.), ‫ ﺷﻮر‬šōraba (syr.) soup

3‫ ﺷﺮاب‬šurrāb pl. -āt stocking, sock
Confidential
‫ ﺷﺮﺑﻚ‬šarbaka to (en)tangle, snarl (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), to complicate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﺮﺑﲔ‬šarbīn a variety of larch (bot.)
1‫ ﺷﺮج‬šaraj pl. ‫ اﺷﺮاج‬ašrāj loop, ring, eyelet; buttonhole; anus
‫ ﺷﺮﺟﻲ‬šarajī anal
2‫ ﺷﲑج‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷـﺮح‬šaraḥa a (šarḥ) to cut in slices, slice, cut up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cut open, rip
open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bare, expose, make clearly visible or discernible (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
to expound (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to explain, elucidate, illustrate, make plain, set forth,

describe, depict (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to comment (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on), interpret (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), to open, lay
open (‫ ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬s.o. ṣadrahū s.o.’s heart, ‫ ل‬to or for the acceptance of) | ‫ﺷـﺮح‬
‫( ﺧـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬kāṭirahū) to gladden, delight s.o. II to cut in slices, slice, cut up (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to dissect, dismember, anatomize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a corpse) VII to be opened
(heart); to be relaxed; to be glad, happy | ‫( اﻧﺸـﺮح ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬ṣadruhū) and ‫اﻧﺸـﺮح‬
‫( ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬kāṭiruhū) to be or become glad, happy or delighted, rejoice
774
‫ ﺷـﺮح‬šarḥ expounding, presentation, explanation, illustration, elucidation,

exposition, setting forth; commentation; (pl. (‫ ﺷﺮوح‬šurūḥ) commentary
‫ ﺷﺮﺣﻲ‬šarḥī explanatory, explicatory, illustrative
‫ ﺷﺮﺣﺔ‬šarḥa long, thin slice, rasher
‫ ﺷـﺮﳛﺔ‬šarīḥa pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮاﺋﺢ‬šarā’iḥ long, thin slice (e.g., of fruit, etc.), rasher;
girth, cinch; O (microscope) slide
O ‫ ﻣﺸﺮﺣﺔ‬mašraḥa operating room; operating table; autopsy room
‫ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ‬tašrīḥ dissection; anatomy; autopsy, post-mortem examination | ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸـﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‘ilm at-t. anatomy, O ‫ﺗﺸـﺮﻳﺢ اﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠــﺔ‬ t. al.muqābala comparative
anatomy
‫ ﺗﺸـــﺮﳛﻲ‬tašrīhī dissecting, anatomizing, dissective, dissectional,
anatomic(al)
‫ اﻧﺸﺮاح‬inširāḥ relaxedness, relaxation, joy, delight, glee, gaiety
‫ ﺷﺎرح‬šāriḥ pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮاح‬šurrāḥ explainer, expounder, interpreter, commentator,
expositor
‫ ﻣﺸﺮح‬mušarriḥ anatomist
Confidential
1‫ ﺷـﺮخ‬šaraka u (‫ ﺷـﺮخ‬šurūk) to become a youth. grow from childhood to
maturity
‫ ﺷﺮخ‬šark prime of youth, spring of life
2 ‫ ﺷﺮح‬šaraka a (eg.) to crack, splinter, become cracked
‫ ﺷﺮخ‬šark pl. ‫ ﺷﺮوخ‬šurūk (eg.) crack, break, fissure, fracture

‫ ﺷـﺮد‬šarada u (‫ ﺷـﺮاد‬šarrād, ‫ ﺷـﺮود‬šurūd) to bolt (horse), to run away, flee,
take to flight, take to one’s heels, break loose, escape; to roam, rove,
wander, stray, go astray; to be distracted (thoughts) | ‫( ﺷـﺮد ذﻫﻨـﻪ‬dihnahū) to
be absent-minded ‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫( ﺷﺮد ﺑﻪ‬fikru) he became lost in thought II to frighten
away, chase away, drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to scare (‫ ه‬s.o.), frighten (‫ ه‬s.o.)
into a panic IV to chase away, drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to roam, tramp about,
lead a vagabond life
‫ ﺷﺮود‬šarūd pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮد‬šurūd running away; straying; astray, deviant, aberrant,
strange, peculiar
‫ ﺷـﺮود‬šurūd roaming, straying, wandering | ‫ ﺷـﺮود اﻟﻔﻜـﺮ‬š. al-fikr absent-
mindedness, distractedness
775
‫ ﺷ ـﺮﻳﺪ‬šarīd fugitive, expatriated, displaced, expelled; loafer, tramp,

vagrant, vagabond
‫ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺪ‬tašrīd expulsion, banishment, eviction; vagrancy, vagabondage | ‫ﺣﻴﺎة‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺪ‬ḥayāt at-t. the unsettled life, life of a vagabond
‫ ﺗﺸﺮد‬tašarrud vagrancy, vagabondage
‫ ﺷـﺎرد‬šārid pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮد‬šurud, šurrad, ‫ ﺷـﻮارد‬šawārid2 fugitive, straying, astray;
intimidated, frightened, helpless at a loss; a fugitive, runaway, deserter;
defector; vagrant, tramp, vagabond | ‫ﺷـﺎرد اﻟﻔﻜـﺮ‬ š. al-fikr absent-minded,
distracted; ‫ﺷـﻮارد اﻟﻠﻐــﺔ‬ š. al-luga irregularities of the language, linguistic
anomalies; ‫)ﺷـﺎرد اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ )اﻟﻨﻈـﺮات‬ š. an-naẓar (an-naẓarāt) with a blank stare;
gazing into the void
‫ ﺷـﺎردة‬šārida pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮارد‬šawarid2 peculiarity, anomaly, exception | ‫ﻻ ﺗﻔﻮﺗـﻪ‬
‫( ﺷﺎردة وﻻ واردة‬tafūtuhū) nothing escapes him, he doesn’t miss a thing
‫ ﻣﺸـﺮد‬mušarrad fugitive, refugee, displaced person; neglected, unkempt |
‫ ﻣﺸﺮد اﻟﺒﺎل‬confused, disconcerted
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺘﺸـﺮد‬mutašarrid pl. -ūn homeless person, tramp, vagrant, vagabond;
adventurer
‫ ﺷﺮدق‬II tašardaqa to swallow the wrong way; to choke (to death)
‫ ﺷﺮذم‬II tašardama to be jagged, indented
‫ ﺷـﺮذﻣﺔ‬širdima pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮاذم‬šarādim 2, ‫ ﺷـﺮاذﱘ‬šarādīm2 small group, gang,
party, troop; little band
1‫ ﺷـﺮس‬šarisa a (šaras, ‫ ﺷﺮاﺳـﺔ‬šarāsa) to be vicious, malicious, mischievous,
ill-tempered, unsociable, quarrelsome, petulant, peevish VI to be cross,
quarrel (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with)
‫ ﺷﺮس‬šaras = ‫ﺷﺮاﺳﺔ‬
‫ ﺷــﺮس‬šaris vicious, malicious, mischievous, ill-tempered, unsociable,
quarrelsome, petulant, peevish; wild, ferocious, fierce
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﺲ‬šarīs = ‫ ﺷﺮس‬šaris
‫ ﺷﺮاﺳــﺔ‬šarāsa wickedness, malice, viciousness, meanness, baseness,
villainy; ill-temperedness, unsociableness, querulousness, petulance,
peevishness
2 ‫ ﺷﺮاس‬širās glue, paste, see ‫ﺳﲑاس‬ ,‫ﺳﺮاس‬
776
‫ ﺷﺮﺳﻮف‬šursūf pl. ‫ ﺷﺮاﺳﻴﻒ‬šarāsīf2 rib cartilage

‫ ﺷﺮاﺳﻴﻔﻲ‬šarāsīfī epigastric, pertaining to the anterior walls of the abdomen
‫ ﺷﺮش‬II to take root
‫ ﺷﺮش‬širš ‫ ﺷﺮش‬pl. ‫ ﺷﺮوش‬šurūš root | ‫ ﺷﺮش اﻟﻠﱭ‬š. al-laban whey
‫ ﺷﺮﺷﻮر‬šuršur pl. ‫ ﺷﺮاﺷﲑ‬šarāšīr chaffinch (zool.)
‫ ﺷﺮﺷﲑ‬šaršīr (eg.) wild duck (zool.)
‫ ﺷﺮاﺷﲑ‬šarāšīr2 soul, self, nature (of a person)
‫ ﺷﺮﺷﻒ‬šaršaf pl. ‫ ﺷﺮاﺷﻒ‬šarāšif bedsheet
‫ ﺷـﺮط‬šaraṭa i u (šarṭ) to tear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make incicions (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in), scratch,
scarify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to slit open, rip open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to impose as a condition, as
an obligation (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.o. s.th.), make conditional (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o. s.th.); to
stipulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to tear to shreds (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to scratch, scarify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
make incisions (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in) III to fix mutual conditions.; to make a contract,
conclude an agreement; to bet, wager (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to impose severe
Confidential
oonditiono or terms |
obligation (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ﺗﺸـﺮط ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠـﻪ‬ (‘amalihī) to be meticulous in one’s
work, do one’s work painstakingly VIII to impose as a condition, as an
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.o. s.th.); to make conditional (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬for s.o. s.th.); to
stipulate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); pass, ušturiṭa to be prerequisite, preconditional (‫ ل‬for)
‫ ﺷـﺮط‬šarṭ pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮوط‬šurūṭ incision (in the skin); long cut, rip, clash, slit;
condition, precondition; provision, proviso, clause; stipulation (of a
contract) | ‫ان‬ ‫( ﺷﺮﻃﺎ‬šarṯan), ‫ ﺑﺸـﺮط‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷـﺮط‬on the condition that ..., provided
that ...; ‫ﺷـﺮط‬ (‫ ﻣـﻦ دون )ﺑـﺪون‬unconditional; ‫( ﺑـﻼ ﺷـﺮط او ﻗﻴـﺪ‬au qaidin) with no
strings attached; unconditional (obedience, surrender, etc.); ‫ﺷــﺮط اﳋﻴــﺎر‬
proviso of the right of withdrawal (from a contract, a commercial
transaction, an obligation, and the like, Isl. Law)
‫ ﺷﺮط‬šaraṭ pl. ‫ اﺷﺮاط‬ašrāṭ sign, portent | ‫ اﺷﺮاط اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬the portents of the Day
of Judgment
‫ ﺷﺮﻃﻲ‬šarṭī conditional | ‫( ﲨﻠﺔ ﺷﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬jumla) conditional clause (gram.)
‫ ﺷﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬šarṭīya contract, agreement
‫ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ‬šarṭa pl. ‫ ﺷﺮط‬šuraṭ stroke, line; hyphen; dash
777
‫ ﺷـﺮﻃﺔ‬šurṭa police, policemen | ‫ دار اﻟﺸـﺮﻃﺔ‬police station; ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮ اﻟﺸـﺮﻃﺔ‬police

report
‫ ﺷﺮﻃﻲ‬šurṭī, šuraṭī pl. -ūn policeman, officer
‫ ﺷـﺮﻳﻂ‬pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮاﺋﻂ‬šarā’iṭ, ‫ اﺷـﺮﻃﺔ‬ašriṭa band, ribbon, tape; cord, string; leash,
line; thong, strap; braid, galloon, chevron, stripe; ribbon (of an order), medal
ribbon, service ribbon; (railway) track, line; film strip; film (also ‫ﺷـﺮﻳﻂ‬
‫;)ﺳـﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ‬ (magnetic) tape | ‫ﺷـﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﺼـﻐﺮ‬ (muṣaggar) microfilm; ‫ﺷـﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎس‬
tape measure; measuring tape; ‫ ﺷـﺮﻳﻂ ﻃـﻖ‬pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮاﺋﻂ ﻃﻘـﺔ‬sound film; sound
track; magnetic tape; ‫ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻨﺎر‬fuse; ‫ دودة اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ‬dūdat aš-š. tapeworm
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﻄﺔ‬šarīṭa condition | ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻄﺔ‬on the condition that ...
‫ ﻣﺸﺮط‬mašraṭ program
‫ ﻣﺸﺮط‬mišraṭ pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎرط‬mašāriṭ2 lancet, scalpel
‫ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻂ‬tašrīṭ scarification, incision
‫ ﻣﺸﺎرﻃﺔ‬mušāraṭa agreement, arrangement
‫ اﺷﱰاط‬ištirāṭ pl. -āt condition, provision, proviso; stipulation
Confidential
‫ ﺷﺮﻃﻦ‬šarṭana to consecrate, ordain (‫ ه‬s.o., Chr.) II to be ordained (Chr.)
‫ ﺷﺮط‬šarṭana = ‫ﺷﺮﻃﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺷـﺮﻃﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬šarṭūnīya ordination of a priest, and any ordination of persons by
laying on of hands (Chr.); simony (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ ﺷـﺮع‬šara‘a a (šar‘, ‫ ﺷـﺮوع‬šurū‘) to go (‫ ﰲ‬into), enter (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to begin,
start, commence (‫ ﰲ‬or y with; with foil. imperf.: to do s.th.); to point a
weapon (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬at s.o. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to untie, unbind, unlace (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fix (‫ﻫ ـ‬
bayonets, ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ on rifles); -- šara‘a a (šar‘) to introduce, enact (o laws),
prescribe, give (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. laws), make laws (‫ )ﻫـ‬for s.o. (‫ ل( | ﺷﺮع ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎ‬to
devise a plan II to draw a weapon (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬on s.o. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to legislate, make laws
IV to draw or train a weapon (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬on s.o. (‫‘( ﻋﻠـﻰ( | اﺷـﺮع ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ اﱃ‬ainaihi) to
cast one’s eyes on …, turn one’s glance toward ...; ‫( اﺷـﺮع ﻗﻠﻤـﻪ‬qalamahū) to
draw one’s pen = to prepare to write VIII to introduce, enact (‫ ﻫ ـ‬laws); to
prescribe, give (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ل‬to s.o. laws), make laws (‫ )ﻫـ‬for s.o. (‫)ل‬
778
‫ اﻟﺸـﺮع‬aš-šar‘ the Revelation, the canonical law of Islam | ‫ ﺷـﺮﻋﺎ وﻓﺮﻋـﺎ‬šar‘an

wa-far‘an with full right, with good cause, by rights; ‫واﺣـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬا ﺷﺮع‬they
are alike in this
‫ ﺷﺮوق‬šurūq rise (of the sun)
‫ ﺷﺮاﻗﻲ‬šarāqī (eg.) unirrigated land not reached by the Nile floods
‫ ﺷﺮاق‬šarrāq suctorial device; part of a suction pump
‫ ﺷﺮاﻗﻮة‬šarāquwa (pl. of ‫ )ﺷﺮﻗﺎوي‬Levantines (eg.)
‫ ﻣﺸـﺮق‬mašriq pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎرق‬mašāriq2 place of sunrise, east; place of rise; the
Orient, the East; ‫ اﳌﺸـﺮﻗﺎن‬East and West | ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎرق اﻷرض وﻣﻐﺎر ـﺎ‬m. al-arḍ wa-
magāribuhā or ‫اﳌﺸــﺮﻗﺎن واﳌﻐـﺮ ن‬ (magribān) the whole world; ‫ﰲ اﻟﻐـﺮﺑﲔ وﰲ‬
‫ اﳌﺸﺮﻗﲔ‬all over the world
‫ ﻣﺸﺮﻗﻲ‬mašriqī eastern, easterly, oriental; (pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎرﻗﺔ‬mašāriqa) an Oriental;
‫ اﳌﺸﺮﻗﻴﺎت‬orientalia, oriental studies
‫ ﺗﺸـﺮﻳﻖ‬tašrīq easternization; development of domestic production (esp. in
Confidential
local industry, with the gradual elimination of Europe), drive for (economic)
independence | ‫ا م اﻟﺘﺸـﺮﻳﻖ‬
during the hadj festival

ayyām at-t. the old name of the three days
following the day of Immolation (10th of Zu’lhijja)
‫ اﺷ ـﺮاق‬išrāq radiance; radiation, eradiation, emanation; Illuminism

(mysticism deriving from Neoplatonism)
‫ اﻻﺷﺮاﻗﻴﻮن‬al-išrāqīyūn the Illuminists, adherents of Illuminism
‫ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺮاق‬al-istišrāq oriental studies
‫ ﻣﺸﺮق‬mašriq resplendent, radiant, shining
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺮق‬mustašriq having oriental manners; (pl. -ūn) orientalist
‫ ﺷﺮﻗﺮق‬šaraqraq, ‫ ﺷﺮﻗﺮاق‬šarāqrāq green woodpecker
‫ ﺷـﺮك‬šarika a (širk, ‫ ﺷـﺮﻛﺔ‬širka, šarika) to share (‫ ه ﰲ‬with s.o s.th.),
participate (‫ ﰲ ه‬with s.o. in), be or become partner, participant, associate ( ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ه‬of s.o. in) III to share (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫـ ه‬with s.o., s.th.), participate (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫـ ه‬with
s.o. in), be or become partner, participant, associate (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬of s.o. in); to
associate o.s. (‫ ه‬with s.o.), enter into partnership (‫ ه‬with s.o.), form a
partnership, join, combine (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬with s.o. in); to sympathize (‫ ه‬with
779
s.o.) | ‫ﺷـﺎرﻛﻪ رأﻳـﻪ‬ (ra’yahū) to share s.o.’s opinion IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) a

partner, participant, associate (‫ ﰲ‬in), give (‫ ه‬s.o.) a share (‫ ﰲ‬in), have (‫ه‬
s.o.) share (‫ ﰲ‬in); to tie s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬closely to s.th. (‫)ب‬, associate (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
with s.th.) | ‫ اﺷـﺮﻛﻪ‬to make s.o. the associate or partner of God (in His
creation and rule); ‫ اﺷﺮك‬to set up or attribute associates to God. i.e. to be
a polytheist, an idolator VI to enter into partnership (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o.); to
participate together (‫ ﰲ‬in), share with one another (‫ ﰲ‬s.th,) VIII to enter into
partnership, to cooperate (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o.); to participate (‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o. in),
share (‫ ﻣـﻊ ﰲ‬with s.o., s.th.), collaborate, take part (‫ ﰲ‬in), contribute (‫ ﰲ‬to);
to subscribe (‫ ﰲ‬to); to partake of the Lord’s Supper, communicate (Copt.-
Chr.)
‫ ﺷـﺮك‬širk polytheism, idolatry | ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﻟﺸـﺮك‬ahl aš-š. the polytheists, the
idolators
‫ ﺷﺮك‬šarak pl. ‫ ﺷﺮك‬šuruk, ‫ اﺷﺮاك‬ašrāk, ‫ ﺷﺮاك‬širāk net, snare, gin; trap | ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
Confidential
‫ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺎ‬to lay a trap for s.o., trap s.o.
‫ ﺷﺮك‬spurious, unsound, phony, false
‫ ﺷـﺮﻛﺔ‬širka, šarika partnership; communion (Chr.); (pl. -āt) association,
companionship; company, corporation (com.); commercial enterprise (Isl.
Law); establishment, firm; ‫ ﺷــﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺘــﺄﻣﲔ‬insurance company; ‫ﺷــﺮك ﲡﺎرﻳــﺔ‬
(tijārīya) trading company, firm; ‫ ﺷـﺮﻛﺔ اﻻذاﻋـﺔ‬broadcasting corporation;
‫ﺷـﺮﻛﺔ اﳌﺴـﺎﳘﺔ‬ š. al-musāhama joint-stock company, corporation; ‫ﺷـﺮﻛﺔ ﺳـﻬﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬

(sihāmīya) do.; ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت‬ ‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬trust (com.)
‫ ﺷﺮاك‬širāk pl. ‫ ﺷﺮك‬šuruk, ‫ اﺷﺮك‬ašruk, ‫ اﺷﺮاك‬ašrāk shoelace
‫ ﺷـﺮﻳﻚ‬šarīk pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮﻛﺎء‬šurakā’2, ‫ اﺷـﺮاك‬ašrāk sharer, participant, partner,
copartner; associate, companion, confederate, ally; co-owner, coproprietor
(Isl. Law); accomplice, accessory (in a crime) | O ‫ﻣـﻮص‬ ‫( ﺷـﺮﻳﻚ‬mūṣin) silent
partner (com.)
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬šuraik (eg.) sesame cake
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﻜﺔ‬šarīk pl. ‫ ﺷﺮاﺋﻚ‬šarā’ik woman partner, woman participant, etc. (see
‫)ﺷﺮﻳﻚ‬
780
‫ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻚ‬tašrīk: ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻚ‬siyāsat at-t. policy of alliances

‫ ﻣﺸ ــﺎرﻛﺔ‬mušāraka partnership, copartnership, participation (‫ ﰲ‬in);
cooperation, collaboration; communion (Chr.); complicity, accessoriness
(jur.)
‫ اﺷــﻨﺮاك‬ištirāk partnership, copartnership, coparcenary; participation,
sharing, joining, co-operation, collaboration (‫ ﰲ‬in); interference (‫ ﰲ‬in);
subscription (‫ ﰲ‬to); jointness, community; communion (Chr.) ; (pl. -āt)
subscription rate; participation fee |‫ ﻻﺷـﱰاك‬jointly, in concurrence, together
(‫ ﻣــﻊ‬with); ‫اﺷ ـﱰاك ﺷــﻬﺮي‬ (šahrī) monthly subscription; monthly fee or
contribution
‫ اﺷﱰاﻛﻲ‬ištirākī socialist, socialistic; (pl. -ūn) a socialist
‫ اﺷﱰاﻛﻴﺔ‬ištirākīya socialism
‫ ﻣﺸﺮك‬mušrik pl. -ūn polytheist
‫ ﻣﺸﱰك‬muštarik pl. -ūn participant; subscriber
‫ ﻣﺸـﱰك‬muštarak common, joint, combined, concurrent, collective, co- |
Confidential
‫( اﻷﻣﻦ اﳌﺸﱰك‬amn) collective security; ‫( ﺑﻼغ ﻣﺸﱰك‬balāg) joint communiqué;
‫اﻟﺴـﻮق اﳌﺸـﱰك‬ (sūq) the Common Market;
communality, solidarity; ‫اﳌﺸﱰك‬
‫اﻟﺸـﻌﻮر اﳌﺸـﱰك‬ community spirit,
‫( اﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬ḍamān) collective security
‫ ﺷﺮﻛﺴﻲ‬šarkašī Circassian; (pl. ‫ ﺷﺮاﻛﺴﺔ‬šarākisa) a Circassian
‫ ﺷﺮم‬šarama i (šarm) to split, slit, slash (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﺮم‬šarm pl. ‫ ﺷﺮوم‬šurūm cleft, crack, split, rift, slit, slot; small hay, inlet
‫ اﺷﺮم‬ašram2, f. ‫ ﺷﺮﻣﺎء‬šarmā’2 having a disfigured nose; harelipped
‫ ﺷﺮﻣﻂ‬šarmaṭa (eg., syr.) to shred, tear to shreds (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﺮﻣﻮﻃﺔ‬šarmūṭa pl. ‫ ﺷﺮاﻣﻴﻂ‬šārāmīṭ rag, shred, tatter; whore, slut, prostitute
‫ ﺷﺮﻧﻘﺔ‬šarnaqa pl. ‫ ﺷﺮاﻧﻖ‬šarāniq2 cocoon (of the silk worm); chrysalis (of an
insect); slough (of a snake), snakeskin; -- šarāniq2 hemp (Cannahis sativa;
bot.); hemp seed
‫ ﺷـﺮﻩ‬šariha a (šarah) to be greedy (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for food); to eat greedily,
gormandize, gluttonize, be gluttonous
‫ ﺷـﺮﻩ‬šarah gluttony, gourmandism, ravenousness, voracity; greediness,
greed, covetousness, avidity
781
‫ ﺷــﺮﻩ‬šarih greedy (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬for food), gluttonous; voracious, ravenous;

ravenous eater, glutton; greedy, covetous, avid
‫ ﺷـﺮاﻫﺔ‬šarāha gluttony, gourmandism, ravenousness, voracity; greediness,
greed, covetousness, avidity
‫ ﺷﺮو‬šarw, širw honey
‫ ﺷﺮوال‬širwāl pl. ‫ ﺷﺮاوﻳﻞ‬šarāwīl 2 trousers, pants; drawers
‫ ﺷﺮوى‬,‫ ﺷﺮوة‬see ‫ﺷﺮي‬
‫ ﺷﺮى‬šarā i (širan, ‫ ﺷﺮاء‬širā’) to sell, vend (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. for a certain price); to
buy, purchase (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bring upon o.s., to ask for (e.g., ‫ اﳌﺘﺎﻋـﺐ‬troubles,
inconveniences) -- šarā i (širan) to expose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) to the sun for drying II to
expose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to the sun for drying VIII to buy, purchase (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to buy
up, acquire, obtain by commercial transaction (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to sell, vend (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
X to become worse, worsen, deteriorate
‫ ﺷﺮى‬šary (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬colocynth
‫ ﺷﺮى‬širan pl. ‫ اﺷﺮﻳﺔ‬ašriya purchase, buy(ing), bargain
Confidential
‫ ﺷﺮى‬šaran an itching skin eruption
‫ ﺷـﺮاء‬širā’ purchase buy(ing) | ‫ راﻏـﺐ اﻟﺸـﺮاء‬eager to buy; O ‫اﳌﻘـﺪرة ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺸـﺮاء‬
(maqdura) or O ‫اﻟﺸﺮاء‬ ‫ ﻗﻮة‬qūwat aš-š. purchasing power
‫ ﺷﺮوة‬šarwa purchase buy(ing)
‫ ﺷـﺮوى‬šarwā: ‫ ﻻ ﳝﻠـﻚ ﺷـﺮوى ﻧﻘـﲑ‬lā yamliku š. naqīrin he hasn’t a red cent to
his name, he has absolutely nothing; ‫ﻧﻘـﲑ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﳚـﺪي ﺷـﺮوى‬yujdī) it is of no use
at all
O ‫اﻟﺸﺮوﻳﺔ‬ ‫ اﳊﻤﻰ‬al-ḥummā aš-šarawīya nettle rash, urticaria (med.)
‫ ﺷــﺮ ن‬širyān pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮاﻳﲔ‬šarāyīn2 artery | ‫ ﺗﺼــﻠﺐ اﻟﺸـﺮاﻳﲔ‬taṣallub aš-š.
arteriosclerosis
‫ ﺷﺮ ﱐ‬širyānī arterial | ‫( اﻟﺴﺪة اﻟﺸﺮ ﻧﻴﺔ‬sudda) embolism (med.)
‫ اﺷﱰاء‬ištirā’ purchase buy(ing)
‫ ﺷــﺎر‬šārin pl. ‫ ﺷـﺮاة‬šurāh seller, salesman, vendor; purchaser, buyer,
customer; -- O lightning rod (also ‫اﻟﺸـﺮاة‬ ;(‫ ﺷـﺎرى اﻟﺼـﻮاﻋﻖ‬aš-šurāh designation
of the Khawārij
‫ ﻣﺸﱰ‬muštarin purchaser, buyer, customer; seller, vendor
782
‫ اﳌﺸﱰى‬al-muštarī Jupiter (astron.)

‫ ﻣﺸــﱰى‬muštaran pl. ‫ ﻣﺸــﱰ ت‬muštarayāt, that which is purchased,
purchased
goods; purchase, buy(ing), acquisition
‫ ﺷﺰرا‬sażran: ‫ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﻴﻪ ﺷﺰرا‬to look askance at s.o.
‫‘ ﻋﲔ ﺷﺰراء‬ain sazrā’2 an eye looking askance, distrustfully or maligrantly;
‫( ﻧﻈﺮة ﺷﺰرا‬naẓra) distrustful, suspicious glance
‫( ﺷﺴﺖ‬Fr. chiste) slate (min.)
‫ ﺷﺎﺳـﻊ‬šāsi' far (away), distant, remote; wide, large, great (distance); huge,
vast, enormous (difference)
‫ ﺷﺸﺨﺎن‬šašakān rifled (gunbarrel)
‫ اﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺸﺸﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬aṣliḥat aš-š. firearms
‫ ﻣﺸﺸﺨﻦ‬mušaškan rifled (gunbarrel)
1‫ ﺷﺸﻢ‬šišm seed of the Cassia absus (bot.), used as eye powder
2‫ ﺷﺸﻤﺔ‬šašma, šišma toilet, lavatory, privy
Confidential
‫ ﺷﺸﲎ‬šišnī sample, specimen; sampling
‫( ﺷﺸﻨﺠﻲ‬eg.) šišnagī assayer (of precious metals)
‫ ﺷﺺ‬šiṣṣ pl. ‫ ﺷﺼﻮص‬šuṣūṣ fishhook
‫ ﺷﺼﺮ‬šaṣara a kind of gazelle
‫ ﺷـﻂ‬šaṭa i u (‫ ﺷـﻄﻂ‬šaṭaṭ) to go to extremes, go too far, exceed the proper
hounds, be excessive (‫ ﰲ‬in, with); to deviate (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), digress, stray ( ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ اﳌﻮﺿـﻮع‬from the topic) VIII to go to extremes, go too far, exceed the proper
bounds, be excessive (‫ ﰲ‬in, with)
‫ ﺷـﻂ‬šaṭṭ pl. ‫ ﺷـﻄﻮط‬šuṭūṭ bank, shore, coast, seashore, beach, strand | ‫ﺷـﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻌـﺮب‬ š. al-‘arab Shatt-al-Arab, river in SE Iraq formed by the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers; the region traversed by this river on the Persian Gulf
‫ ﺷﻄﺔ‬šaṭṭa a variety of pepper (Capsicum conicum Mey.; bot.)
‫ ﺷـﻄﻂ‬šaṭaṭ that which is excessive or exceeds the proper bounds, excess;
inroad, encroachment, infringement
‫ ﺷﻄﻴﻄﺔ‬šaṭīṭa a variety of pepper (Capsicum conicum Mey.; bot.)
‫ ﻣﺸﻂ‬mušiṭṭ excessive
783
‫ ﺷـﺎﻃﺊ‬šāṭi’ pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮاﻃﺊ‬šawāṭi’2, ‫ ﺷـﻄﺂن‬šaṭ’ān shore, coast, seacoast, beach,

strand
‫ ﺷـﻄﺐ‬šaṭab u (šaṭb) to out into slices or strips (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to strike out, cross
out, scratch out, write off (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to erase, efface (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a word, a sentence); to cancel, release (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a mortgage); to drop,
nonsuit (‫ دﻋـﻮى‬da‘wā a case) II to make an incision, a longitudinal cut, a slit,
a slash (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.); to strike out, cross out, scratch out, write off (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to erase, efface (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a word, a sentence); to cancel,
release, (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a mortgage); to book, enter, post (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an item, an account);
to finish off, terminate, wind up (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷـﻄﺐ‬šaṭb cut, slash; incision, scratch; crossing out, striking out, writing
off; erasure, effacement; annulment, cancellation
‫ ﺷﻄﺐ‬šaṭb pl. ‫ ﺷﻄﻮب‬šuṭūb tall, strapping, sturdy, husky
‫ ﺗﺸـﻄﻴﺐ‬tašṭīb: ‫ ﺗﺸـﻄﻴﺐ اﳊﺴـﺎب‬posting of an account (to the ledger); ‫ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ‬
Confidential
‫ اﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺐ‬curfew
‫ ﺷﻄﺢ‬šaṭaḥa (šaṭḥ) to roam, rove, stray
‫ ﺷﻄﺤﺔ‬šaṭḥa pl. ‫ ﺷﻄﺤﺎت‬šaṭaḥāt escapade
‫ ﺷـﻄﺮ‬šaṭara ū (šaṭr) to halve, divide into two (equal) parts, bisect, cut
through (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to out off, sever (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- ‫ﺑﺼـﺮﻩ‬
‫( ﺷـﻄﺮ‬baṣaruhū) u (‫ﺷـﻄﻮر‬
šuṭūr) to be squint-eyed; -- šaṭara u (‫ ﺷـﻄﻮر‬šuṭūr, ‫ ﺷـﻄﻮرة‬šuṭūra, ‫ ﺷـﻄﺎرة‬šaṭāra)
to withdraw, separate, disassociate o.s. (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); - - šaṭara u, šaṭura u
(‫ ﺷـﻄﺎرة‬šaṭāra) to be sly, cunning, artful, shrewd; to be clever, smart, bright,

skillful, adroit II to halve, divide into two (equal) parts, to bisect, out
through (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to halve, share by halves, share equally (‫ ه‬with s.o.,
s.th.), go halves (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to participate, take part (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in s.th.), share (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) | ‫ﻓﺮﺣـﻪ‬ ،‫( ﺷـﺎﻃﺮﻩ آراءﻩ‬ārā’ahū, faraḥahū) to share s.o.’s views, s.o.’s joy V
to manifest slyness, cleverness, smartness, adroitness, skill VII to divide,
split (‫ ﻫـ‬into, intrans.)
‫ ﺷـﻄﺮ‬šaṭr partition, division, separation, halving, bisecting; -- (pl. ‫ﺷـﻄﻮر‬
šuṭūr, ‫اﺷـﻄﺮ‬ ašṭur) a half, moiety; hemistich; portion, share, lot; direction;
784
šaṭra in the direction of ..., toward | ‫ﺷـﻄﺮﻩ‬ ‫ ﻗﺼـﺪ‬to move toward s.o., walk up
‫( وﱃ اﻧﻈـﺎرﻩ ﺷـﻄﺮﻩ‬wallā anẓārahū) to direct one’s glances toward
to s.o.; s.o.;
‫( وﱃ وﺟﻬﻪ ﺷﻄﺮﻩ‬wajhahū) to turn one’s face toward s.th.
‫ ﺷﻄﺮة‬šiṭra side, half
‫ ﺷﻄﺎرة‬šaṭāra slyness cunningness shrewdness, adroitness, skill, cleverness,
smartness
‫ ﺷﻄﲑة‬šaṭīra sandwich; schnitzel, steak
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻃﺮة‬mušāṭara participation, sharing
‫ اﻧﺸﻄﺎر‬inšiṭār fission, splitting, cleavage, division, separation
‫ ﺷـﻄﺮ‬šāṭir pl. ‫ ﺷـﻄﺎر‬šuṭṭār sly, cunning, shrewd; scoundrel, villain; clever,
smart, bright, adroit, skillful
‫ ﺷﻄﺮﻧﺞ‬šiṭranj, šaṭranj chess | ‫ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﺸﻄﺮﻧﺞ‬lauḥat aš-š. chessboard
‫ ﺷـﻄﻒ‬šaṭafa u (šaṭf) to rinse (under flowing water), clean with water,
wash (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﻄﻒ‬šuṭfa piece, chunk, lump; (pl, ‫ ﺷﻄﻒ‬šutaf) flint (of a gunlook. eg.)
Confidential
‫ ﺷﻄﻔﺔ‬šiṭfa splinter, chip, sliver
1‫ ﺷﻄﻦ‬šaṭana u (šaṭn) to fasten, attach, tie, bind (‫ب‬
2‫ ﺷﻴﻄﺎن‬and ‫ ﺗﺸﻴﻄﻦ‬see ‫( ﺷﻴﻄﻦ‬alphabetically)

‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. with a rope)
‫ ﺷﻈﻒ‬šaẓafa u (šaẓf) to castrate

‫ ﺷﻈﻒ‬šaẓaf pl. ‫ ﺷﻈﺎف‬šiẓāf discomfort, hardship, difficulty; ruggedness of
life | ‫( اﻗﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻈﻒ اﻟﻌﻴﺶ‬š. il-‘aiš) to lead a life of hardships
‫ ﺷﻈﻒ‬šaẓif hard, harsh, rough, rugged, austere (life, character)
‫ ﺷﻈﻲ‬šaẓiya a (šaẓan) to be splintered, be shattered, splinter, shiver V do.
‫ ﺷﻈﻴﺔ‬šaẓīya pl. šaẓīy, ‫ ﺷﻈﺎ‬šaẓāyā splinter, sliver, chip; shinbone; bone
‫ ﺷـﻊ‬ša‘‘a i (ša‘‘, ‫ ﺷـﻌﺎع‬ši‘ā’) to disperse, scatter, diffuse, spread; to beam,
radiate, flash up IV to emit, spread, diffuse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to eradiate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
emit rays or beams, radiate, beam V to emit rays or beams, radiate, beam,
eradiate
‫ ﺷﻊ‬šu‘‘ rays, beams; spokes
785
‫ ﺷـﻌﺎع‬ša‘ā’ distracted, confused, bewildered, perplexed | (‫ﻃـﺎر ﻓـﺆادﻩ )روﺣـﻪ‬

‫ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎ‬his mind became confused, bewildered or perplexed
‫ ﺷـﻌﺎع‬šu‘ā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﺷـﻌﺔ‬aši‘‘a rays, beams; spokes; horizontal
wooden crosspieces (on a door or window) | ‫اﻷﺷــﻌﺔ ﻓــﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴــﺠﻴﺔ‬
(banafsajīya) the ultraviolet rays; ‫ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﱄ ﲢﺖ اﻷﲪﺮ‬the infra-red rays; ‫ﺻﻮرة‬
‫ اﺷﻌﺔ‬X-ray photograph, roentgenogram; O ‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬radioactivity
‫ اﺷﻌﺎع‬iš‘ā’ pl. -āt radiation, eradiation
‫ اﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬iš‘ā‘ī radiative, radiational | O ‫( ذو ﻧﺸﺎط اﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬našāṭ) radioactive
‫ ﺗﺸﻌﻊ‬taša‘‘u‘ radiation, eradiation | ‫( اﻟﺘﺸﻌﻊ اﳊـﺮاري‬ḥarārī) radiation of heat;
‫( اﻟﺘﺸﻌﻊ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬šamsī) solar radiation
‫ ﻣﺸﻊ‬muši‘‘ radiating, radiant; emitting rays, radiative; O radioactive
O ‫ ﻣﺸﻌﺔ‬muši‘‘a radiator
‫ ﺷـﻌﺐ‬ša‘aba a (ša‘b) to gather, assemble, rally (‫ ﻫـﻢ‬people, ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
disperse, scatter (‫ ﻫﻢ‬people, ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II to form branches, to branch; to branch
Confidential
(out), ramify, divide into branches or subdivisions (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to branch
(out), ramify; to b. subdivided, form subdivisions; to diverge, move in
different directions, part company, separate, split, break up, become
disunited, disorganized, disrupted; to branch off (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to result (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from) VIII to branch out, ramify; to branch off
‫ ﺷﻌﺐ‬ša‘b pl. ‫ ﺷﻌﻮب‬šu‘ūb people, folk; nation; tribe; race
‫ ﺷﻌﱯ‬ša‘bī national, people’s; popular, folksy, folk- (in compounds) | ‫اﳉﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫( اﻟﺸـﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬jabha) popular front; ‫ دﳝﻮﻗﺮاﻃﻴـﺔ ﺷـﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬people’s democracy (in Marxist
terminology)
‫ ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬ša‘bīya popularity
‫ ﺷﻌﻮﰊ‬šu‘ūbī adherent of the ‫ﺷﻌﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬, see below
‫ اﻟﺸـﻌﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬aš-šu‘ūbīya a movement within the early Islamic commonwealth
of nations which refused to recognize the privileged position of the Arabs
‫ ﺷـﻌﺐ‬ši‘b pl. ‫ ﺷـﻌﺎب‬ši‘āb mountain path, mountain trail; gorge, ravine,
canyon; gulf, abyss; reef
‫ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‬ši‘ba reef
786
‫ ﺷـﻌﺒﺔ‬šu‘ba pl. ‫ ﺷـﻌﺐ‬šu‘ab, ‫ ﺷـﻌﺎب‬ši‘āb branch, bough, limb, ramification;

shoot, twig, sprig, spray; prong, tine; (sub-) division, section, department,
branch, cell; field of study, discipline (e.g., at a university); part, portion;
(pl. ‫ ﺷﻌﺐ‬šu‘ab) bronchus | ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب‬bronchitis (med.)
‫ ﺷﻌﱯ‬šu‘abī bronchial
‫ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‬ša‘īb disrupted, disorganized, disunited, scattered, dispersed
‫ ﺷـﻌﺒﺎن‬ša‘bān2 Shaban, name of the eighth month of the Mohammedan
year
‫ اﺷـﻌﺐ‬aš‘ab2 name of a legendary miser, hence, said of s.o. extremely
niggardly: ‫اﺷﻌﺐ‬ ‫ اﻃﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ‬greedier than Aš‘ab
‫ اﺷـﻌﱯ‬aš‘abī extremely miserly, avaricious, or greedy; (pl. -ūn) skinflint,
miter, niggard | ‫اﺷﻌﱯ‬ ‫( ﻃﻤﻊ‬ṭama‘) insatiable greed
‫ ﺗﺸــﻌﺐ‬taša‘‘ub ramification, branching, branching off; disruption,
split(ting), disunion
‫ اﻧﺸــﻌﺎب‬inši‘āb ramification, branching, branching off; disruption,
split(ting), disunion
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺘﺸـﻌﺐ‬mutaša‘‘ib ramified, branching; manifold, diverse; many-sided,
versatile (‫ ﻣﺘﺸﻌﺐ‬m. al-janabāt)
‫ ﺷﻌﺒﺬ‬ša‘bada to practice jugglery, legerdemain, sleight of band, or magic
‫ ﺷﻌﺒﺬة‬ša‘bada jugglery, legerdemain, sleight of band, magic
‫ ﺷـﻌﺚ‬ša‘itqa a (ša‘at) to be or become disheveled, unkempt, matted (hair)
II to dishevel, ruffle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the hair) V to become disheveled, ruffled (hair); to
disintegrate, fall apart, decay (of buildings)
‫ ﺷﻌﺚ‬ša‘at: ‫ ﱂ ﺷﻌﺜﻪ‬lamma ša‘atahū to straighten out the muddled affairs of
s.o., help s.o. to get back on his feet; to struggle back to one’s feet, “pick
up”, recover
‫ ﺷـﻌﺚ‬ša‘it matted, disheveled, unkempt (hair); having matted, unkempt
hair
‫ ﺷﻌﻮذ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷـﻌﺮ‬ša‘ara u (‫ ﺷـﻌﻮر‬šu‘ūr) to know (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that), have knowledge, be
cognizant (‫ ب‬of); to come to know, realize, notice (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that); to
perceive, feel, sense (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that), be conscious, be aware (‫ ب‬of s.th.); --
(ši‘r) to make or compose poetry, poetize, versify | ‫ ﱂ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻻ ﺑـ‬... (illā bi-), ‫ﱂ‬
787
‫ﻳﺸـﻌﺮ اﻻ و‬ ... (illā wa-) and ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﺷـﻌﺮ اﻻ و‬,...‫ﻣـﺎ ﺷـﻌﺮ اﻻ ﺑ ـ‬... before be even
realized it, there was all of a sudden ... ; then, all of a sudden, there was ..., it
happened that … IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., of or about s.th.),
notify, inform (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. of or about), give notice or information (‫ ه‬to
s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of or about), impart (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to fee), sense,
notice, perceive, realize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.), be conscious, be aware (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of): to be
filled (‫ ﻫـ‬with a feeling)
‫ ﺷـﻌﺮ‬ša‘r, ša‘ar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺷـﻌﻮر‬,‫ اﺷـﻌﺎر‬šu‘ūr, ‫ ﺷـﻌﺎر‬ši‘ār hair;
bristles; fur, pelt
‫ ﺷـﻌﺮة‬ša‘ra (n. un.) pl. -āt a hair | ‫ ﻗـﺪر ﺷـﻌﺮة‬... ‫( ﻻ‬qadra š.) not by a hair’s
breadth
‫ ﺷﻌﺮي‬ša‘rī, ša‘arī hairy, hirsute, hair (adj.)
‫ ﺷـﻌﺮﻳﺔ‬ša‘rīya pl. -āt wire grille, wire netting, lattice work; O (without pl.)
capillarity | ‫اﻟﺸﺒﺎك‬ ‫ ﺷﻌﺮﻳﺔ‬š. aš-šabbāk (latticed) window shade, jalousie
‫ ﺷﻌﺮﻳﺔ‬ši‘rīya vermicelli
Confidential
‫ ﺷﻌﺮاﱐ‬ša‘rānī hairy, hirsute, shaggy
‫ ﺷـﻌﺮ‬ši‘r knowledge | ‫ ﻟﻴـﺖ ﺷـﻌﺮي‬laita ši‘rī I wish I knew ...! would that I
knew ...! -- (pl. ‫ اﺷﻌﺎر‬aš‘ār) poetry; poem
‫ ﺷﻌﺮي‬ši‘rī poetic(al)
‫ ﺷﻌﺮى‬ša‘rā pl. ‫ ﺷﻌﺎرى‬ša‘ārā scrub country
‫ اﻟﺸﻌﺮى‬aš-ši‘rā Sirius, Dog Star (astrron.)
‫ ﺷـﻌﺎر‬ši‘ār pl. ‫ ﺷـﻌﺮ‬šu‘ur, ‫ اﺷـﻌﺮة‬aš‘ira password, watchword; slogan; motto,
device; mark, token, sign; signal; distinguishing mark or feature,
characteristic, emblem, badge | ‫ﲡﺎري‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎر‬I ši‘ār (tijārī) trade mark
‫ ﺷـﻌﲑ‬ša‘īr (coll.) barley; (n. un. ‫ )ة‬barleycorn | ‫( ﺷـﻌﲑ ﻟﺆﻟـﺆي‬lu’lu’ī) pearl
barley; ‫اﳉﻔﻦ‬ ‫ ﺷﻌﲑة‬š. al-jafn sty (med.)
O ‫ ﺷﻌﲑة‬ša‘īra bead (of a gun sight, mil.; Syr.)
‫ ﺷﻌﲑات دﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬šu‘airāt damawīya blood capillaries (biol.)
‫ ﺷﻌﲑﻳﺔ‬ša‘īrīya vermicelli
‫ ﺷﻌﻮر‬šu‘ūr knowledge, cognizance; consciousness, awareness; perception,
discernment; perceptive faculty; sensation; sentiment; feeling;
788
perceptiveness, sensitivity, sensibility; mood | ‫( ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻏــﲑ ﺷــﻌﻮر ﻣﻨــﻪ‬gairi

šu‘ūrin) without his being aware of it; ‫ ﻏـﺎب ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺸـﻌﻮر‬to lose consciousness;
‫ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ اﻟﺸـﻌﻮر‬unconscious, insensible; ‫( اﻟﺸـﻌﻮر ﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬nafs) self-consciousness;
‫ اﻟﺸـﻌﻮر ﻟـﺬات‬do.; ‫ دﻗـﺔ اﻟﺸـﻌﻮر‬diqqat aš-š. sensitivity, sensibility; ‫اﻟﺸـﻌﻮر اﳌﺸـﱰك‬
(muštarak) community spirit, communality, solidarity; ‫ ﻋﺪﱘ اﻟﺸـﻌﻮر‬unreeling,
insensitive
‫ ﺷﻌﻮري‬šu‘ūrī conscious; emotional | ‫ ﻻ ﺷﻌﻮري‬unconscious, subconscious
‫ ﺷﻌﺎرى‬ša‘ārā (pl.) goats
‫ ﺷـﻌﲑة‬ša‘īra pl. ‫ ﺷـﻌﺎﺋﺮ‬ša‘ā’ir2 religious ceremony, rite, cultic practice; pl.
also: places of worship, cultic shrines
‫ اﺷﻌﺮ‬aš‘ar hairy, hirsute, long-haired, shaggy
‫ ﺷﻌﺮور‬šu‘rūr poetaster, versifier, rhymester
‫ ﺷﻮﻳﻌﺮ‬šuwai‘ir poetaster, venifier, rhymester
‫ ﺷـﻌﺮ‬maš‘ar pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻋﺮ‬mašā‘ir2 cultic shrine for ceremonies of the hadj;
sensory organ; pl. senses, feelings, sensations | ‫اﳊـﺮام‬ ‫( اﳌﺸـﻌﺮ‬ḥarām) the hadj
Confidential
station of Muzdalifa east of Mecca
‫ اﺷﻌﺎر‬iš‘ār pl. -āt notification, information (‫ ب‬of, about), notice
‫ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮ‬šā‘ir knowing (by instinctive perception), endowed with deeper
insight, with intuition; (pl. ‫ اﻟﺸﻌﺮاء‬šu‘arā’2) poet
‫ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮﻳﺔ‬šā‘irīya pl. -āt poetry; poetical work, poetization; poetical talent;
poet-ship
‫ ﺷﻮاﻋﺮ‬šawā‘ir attacks, diatribes, invectives, calumnies, defamations
‫ ﻣﺸﻌﻮر‬maš‘ūr split, cracked; mad, crazy, idiotic
‫ ﻣﺸﻌﺮاﱐ‬muš‘irānī hairy, hirsute, shaggy
‫ ﺷﻌﺸـﻊ‬ša‘ša‘a to mix with water, dilute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a beverage); to shine, beam,
radiate, glitter
‫ ﺷﻌﺸﻊ‬muša‘ša‘ half drunk, tipsy, fuddled
‫ ﺷﻌﻂ‬ša‘aṭa a to scorch, sear, singe
‫ ﺷﻌﻔﺔ‬ša‘fa pl. ‫ ﺷﻌﺎف‬ši‘āf summit, top, peak
‫ ﺷﻌﻞ‬ša‘ala a (ša‘l), II and IV to light, kindle, ignite, inflame, set on fire (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.), set fire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to set ablaze, fan (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII to catch fire, start
789
burning, ignite, bum, flame, blaze, flare up, break out (fire) | ‫اﺷـﺘﻌﻞ ﻏﻀـﺒﺎ‬
(gaḍaban) to be flaming with rage; ‫( اﺷـﺘﻌﻞ رأﺳـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺒﺎ‬šaiban) his hair was, or
turned, white
‫ ﺷﻌﻠﺔ‬šu‘la pl. ‫ ﺷﻌﻞ‬šu‘al fire, blaze, flame; torch
‫ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ‬maš‘al, ‫ ﻣﺸﻌﻠﺔ‬maš‘ala pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﻞ‬mašā‘il2 torch
‫ ﻣﺸﻌﺎل‬miš‘āl torch
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﻠﻲ‬mašā‘ilī pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬mašā‘ilīya torch bearer; hangman, executioner
‫ اﺷﻌﺎل‬iš‘āl lighting, kindling, ignition, setting on fire, fanning
‫ اﺷﺘﻌﺎل‬išti‘āl ignition, inflammation, combustion, burning
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻞ‬mušta‘il burning, ablaze, on fire
‫ ﺷـﻌﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬ša‘nīna pl. ‫ ﺷـﻌﺎﻧﲔ‬ša‘ānīn2 palm branch | ‫ اﺣـﺪ )ﻋﻴـﺪ( اﻟﺸـﻌﺎﻧﲔ‬aḥad
(‘īd) al-š. Palm Sunday (Chr.)
‫ ﺷﻌﻮاء‬ša‘wā’2 (used attributively with ‫ ﻏﺎرة‬gāra, ‫ ﺣﺮب‬ḥarb, ‫ ﲪﻠﺔ‬ḥamla, and
the like) large-scale, devastating everything (over a wide area)
‫ ﺷـﻌﻮذ‬šawada to practice jugglery, legerdemain, sleight of band, or magic
Confidential
arts
‫ ﺷﻌﻮذة‬ša‘wada pl. -āt jugglery, legerdemain, sleight of hand; magic, magic
arts; humbug, swindle, tricks
‫ ﻣﺸـﻌﻮذ‬muša‘wid juggler, conjurer, magician, practitioner of legerdemain;
swindler, trickster (f. ‫)ﻣﺸﻌﻮذة‬
‫ ﺷـﻐﺐ‬šagaba, šagiba a (šagb, šagab) to disturb the peace, make trouble,
stir up riots, cause an uproar, riot; to provoke discord, dissension, or
controversy (among ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ )ب‬III to make trouble, disturb the peace; to
rebel (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against), mutiny
‫ ﺷـﻐﺐ‬šagab, šagb unrest, trouble, disturbance, discord, dissension; riot,
commotion, uproar, strife, tumult; brawl, fight, broil, fracas; row, wrangle,
contention, quarrel, controversy
‫ ﺷﻐﺐ‬šaggāb troublemaker, agitator, subverter
‫ ﺷﻐﻮب‬šagūb causing much noise and unrest, riotous, turbulent, troublous
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺐ‬mašāgib2 troubles, disorders, disturbances
‫ ﻣﺸــﺎﻏﺒﺔ‬mušāgaba pl. -āt disorder, disturbance, trouble, riot, uproar;
rebellion (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬against); discord, dissension, row, wrangle, quarrel,
controversy
790
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺐ‬mašāgib pl. -ūn troublemaker, agitator, subverter, rioter, mischief-

maker
‫ ﺷـﻐﺮ‬šagara II (‫ ﺷـﻐﻮر‬šugūr) to be devoid of fortifications, be unprotected
(country); to be free, vacant, unoccupied, open (seat, position)
‫ ﺷﻐﻮر‬šugūr vacancy (of a position)
‫ ﺷــﺎﻏﺮ‬šāgir empty and unprotected (of a country); free, vacant,
unoccupied, open (seat, position); ‫ ﺷﻮاﻏﺮ‬šawāgir2 vacancies
‫ ﺷـﻐﻒ‬šagafa a (šagf) (to hit, or affect, the pericardium, i.e.) to infatuate,
enamor, fill with ardent passion (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. ‫)ﺷـﻐﻒ ﺑـﻪ )ﺣﺒـﺎ‬ šugifa bihī
(ḥubban) to love s.o. or s.th. passionately, be madly in love with s.o., be
infatuated with or enamored of s.o., be extremely fond of s.th. VII ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺸـﻐﻒ‬
= šugifa bihī
‫ ﺷــﻐﻒ‬šagaf pericardium; passionate love, passion, sensual desire;
infatuation, enamoredness, amorousness; ardent zeal, craze, love, passion
‫ ﺷــﻐﻒ‬šagif madly in love, infatuated (‫ ب‬with), enamored (‫ ب‬of),
fascinated (‫ ب‬by)
Confidential
‫ ﺷﻐﺎف‬šigāf pericardium
‫ ﺷـﻐﻮف‬šagūf obsessed with fervent affection (‫ ب‬for); madly in love,
infatuated (‫ ب‬with), enamored (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﻣﺸـﻐﻮف‬mašgūf passionately fond (‫ ب‬of), madly in love, infatuated (‫ب‬
with), enamored (‫ ب‬of), fascinated (‫ ب‬by)
‫ ﺷـﻐﻞ‬šagala a (šagl, šugl) to occupy, busy (‫ ه ب‬s.o. with); to preoccupy
(‫ ه‬s.o.), keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) busy, give (‫ ه‬s.o.) trouble; to distract, divert, alienate
(‫ ه ﻋﻦ‬s.o. from s.th.).; to occupy, fill, hold, have (‫ ﻫـ‬office, seat, position); to
take up, fill (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), engage, engross (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the attention); to engage, tie down
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬forces of the opponent); -- pass. šugila to occupy o.s., busy o.s. be busy
(‫ ب‬with), be engaged in; to be taken up, occupied (‫ ب‬by, e.g., ground by
buildings); ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ ﺷـﻐﻞ ﺑـﻪ‬to be distracted by s.th. from | ‫ ﺷـﻐﻞ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ب‬to occupy
o.s., busy o.s. with, work at, attend to; ‫ ﺷﻐﻞ اﻟﺒـﺎل‬to disquiet, discomfit, make
uneasy, trouble, disturb; ‫ﺷـﻐﻞ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ل‬ (waqt) to devote tim, to II to busy,
791
occupy (‫ ه‬s.o.), engage, engross (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to employ (‫ ه‬s.o.), provide

employment (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to work, make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a machine) work,
put in operation, make run, start (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a machine); to make, produce,
manufacture, fabricate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to invest (‫ ﻫـ‬money) III to hold in play, keep
occupied, divert (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distract (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to occupy, busy, employ (‫ه‬
s.o.); to occupy, hold, fill, have ( an office, a position); to fill, take up (‫ه‬
s.th.), engage, engross (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the attention); to cover (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ب‬ a space with a
building or buildings), occupy, take up, fill (‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ب‬a space with); to take, take
up, require (‫ ﻫ ـ‬time); to engage, tie down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬forces of the opponent); to
distract, divert, alienate, entice away (‫ ه ﻋـﻦ‬from) | ‫ اﺷـﻐﻞ اﻟﺒـﺎل‬to disquiet,
discomfit, make uneasy, trouble, disturb, preoccupy VI to occupy o.s., busy
o.s. be occupied or busy, be preoccupied (‫ ب‬with), be engaged (‫ ب‬in),
attend, devote o.s. (‫ ب‬to s.th.); to pretend to be busy VII to occupy o.s.,
busy o.s. be occupied or busy, be preoccupied (‫ ب‬with); to be concerned (‫ب‬
Confidential
about) VIII to busy o.s. occupy o.s. be occupied or busy (‫ ب‬or
engaged (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in), attend, devote o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬or

‫ ﰲ‬with), be
‫ﰲ‬to s.th.); to work; to study
(Jo under or with); to work, run, operate, be in operation, be in motion
(machine, and the like) | ‫اﺷـﺘﻐﻞ ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬ (qalbuhū) to be uneasy, apprehensive,
worried; ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ اﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﻪ‬to be distracted by s.th. from
‫ ﺷـﻐﻞ‬šugl occupancy, filling, taking up; detention, prevention, distraction
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); -- (pl. ‫ اﺷـﺘﻐﺎل‬ištigāl, ‫ ﺷـﻐﻮل‬šugūl) occupation, activity; work, job;
business, concern | ‫ﺷـﻐﻞ‬ ‫ ﺷـﺎﻏﻞ‬that which ie uppermost in one’s mind, chief
or foremost concern; s.th. which preoccupies s.o.’s mind or distracts s.o. (‫ﻋﻦ‬
from); ‫( اﺷـﻐﺎل ﺷـﺎﻗﺔ‬šāqqa) hard labor; ‫‘( اﺷـﻐﺎل ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ‬āmma) or ‫اﺷـﻐﺎل ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬
(‘umūmīya) public works; ‫( ﺷﻐﻞ ﻳﺪوي‬yadawī) handwork; manual labor; ‫ﺷﻐﻞ‬

‫ ﻳـﺪ‬š. yad (colloq., used appositionally) handmade; ‫ ﰲ ﺷـﻐﻞ‬preoccupied (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
with), concerned (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬about); ‫ ﰲ ﺷـﻐﻞ ب‬busy, occupied with; ‫ﻛـﺎن ﰲ ﺷـﻐﻞ ﻋـﻦ‬
to be too busy or preoccupied (‫ ب‬with) to be able to attend to s.th.; ‫اﻟﺰم ﺷﻐﻠﻚ‬
ilzam šuglaka mind your own business!
792
‫ ﺷـﻐﺎل‬šaggāl very busy; hard-working, industrious, diligent, laborious,

active; being in operation, running (of a machine); (pl. -ūn) worker,
workman, laborer
‫ ﺷﻐﻴﻞ‬šaggīl pl. ‫( ة‬syr.) worker, workman, laborer, (lowly) employee
‫ ﺷﺎﻏﻮل‬šāgūl mainsheet (of a sailing vessel)
‫ ﻣﺸﻐﻞ‬mašgal pl. ‫ﻣﺸﺎ‬ā‫ ﻏﻞ‬mašāgil2 workshop; workhouse
‫ ﺷــﻐﻠﺔ‬pl. ‫ ﻣﺸــﺎﻏﻞ‬mašāgil2 occupation, avocation, activity, business,
concern, work, job; effort, exertion; diversion, distraction, preoccupation,
disturbance
‫ ﺗﺸــﻐﻴﻞ‬tašgīl employment, occupation; providing of employment,
provision of work; hiring (of s.o., as a worker); opening, starting, putting
into operation; production, manufacture, making; investment (of money)
‫ اﻧﺸـﻐﺎل‬inšigāl (state of) being busy or occupied; occupation, activity;
overcharge, overwork; apprehension, concern, anxiety
‫ اﺷـﺘﻐﺎل‬ištigāl (state of) being busy or occupied; work, occupation (‫ ب‬or ‫ﰲ‬
with, at); syntactical regimen, government (of a word by another; gram.)
‫ ﺷـﺎﻏﻞ‬šāgil pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮاﻏﻞ‬šawāgil that which preoccupies s.o., engrosses s.o.’s
Confidential
attention, takes up s.o.’s time; occupation, activity; object of concern or
worry; pl. ‫ﺷـﻮاﻏﻞ‬ distractions, preoccupations |
distraction from it in …; ‫ﻋـﻦ‬

‫وﺟـﺪ ﺷـﺎﻏﻼ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﰲ‬
‫( ﻫـﻮ ﰲ اﻟـﻒ ﺷـﺎﻏﻞ‬alfi šāgilin) he had a thousand
be found
other things to think of than ...; ‫( ﻛـﺎن اﻛـﱪ ﺷـﺎﻏﻞ ﻟـﻪ‬akbara šāgilin) it was his
greatest worry
‫ ﻣﺸـﻐﻮل‬mašgūl busy, occupied (‫ ب‬with); distracted, diverted (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from);
occupied, taken (seat, space); busy, occupied (telephone line, and the like);
worked on, processed | ‫ﻣﺸــﻐﻮل اﻟﺒــﺎل‬ anxious, apprehensive, concerned,
worried; ‫واﻟﻔﻀﻴﺔ‬ ‫( اﳌﺸﻐﻮﻻت اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ‬dahabīya, fiḍḍīya) gold and silver work

‫ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬mašgūlīya anxiety, apprehension, concern
‫ ﻣﺸﻐﻞ‬mušaggal employee, worker
‫ ﻣﺸـﺘﻐﻞ‬muštagil busy, occupied (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬with); in operation, running (of a
machine)
‫ ﺷـﻔﺔ‬šafa pl. ‫ ﺷـﻔﺎﻩ‬šifāh, ‫ ﺷـﻔﻮات‬šafawāt lip; rim, edge | ‫‘( اﻟﺸـﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬ulyā)
upper lip, ‫اﻟﺴـﻔﻠﻰ‬ ‫( اﻟﺸـﻔﺔ‬suflā) lower lip; ‫ ﺷـﻔﺔ اﻷرﻧـﺐ‬š. a1-arnab harelip; ‫ﺑﻨـﺖ‬
‫ ﺷﻔﺔ‬bint š. word
793
‫ ﺷﻔﻬﻰ‬,‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻫﺎ‬,‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻫﻲ‬and ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ‬see ‫ﺷﻔﻪ‬

‫ ﺷﻔﻮي‬see ‫ﺷﻔﻮ‬
1‫ ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻒ‬šafā’if2, ‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻳﻒ‬šafāyif2 lips
2‫ ﺷﻒ‬šaffa i (‫ ﺷﻔﻮف‬šufūf, ‫ ﺷﻔﻴﻒ‬šafīf, ‫ ﺷﻔﻒ‬šafaf) to be thin, flimsy; to be
transparent, diaphanous, translucid, pellucid; to let (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬s.th.) shimmer

through, reveal, disclose, betray (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) VIII to drink up, drain, empty (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to eat up, devour (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to look (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through s.th., e.g.. through a
piece of fabric in order to ascertain its quality); to have a glimpse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of
s.th.), hope (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.); to try to see (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through s.th.), seek to penetrate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to perceive, discern, make out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to shimmer (‫ ﻣﻦ‬through s.th.),
show (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬through s.th.); to manifest itself, become tangible, perceptible,

noticeable
‫ ﺷﻒ‬šaff, šiff pl. ‫ ﺷﻔﻮف‬šufūf diaphanous fabric, gauze
‫ ﺷﻔﻒ‬šafaf transparency, translucence, diaphaneity
Confidential
‫ ﺷﻔﻴﻒ‬šafīf thin, flimsy, translucent, transparent, diaphanous
‫ ﺷﻔﻮف‬šufūf transparancy, translucence, diaphaneity
‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬šufāfa the rest in the glass
‫ ﺷﻔﺎف‬šaffāf thin, flimsy, translucent, transparent, diaphanous
‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬šaffāfīya transparency, translucence, diaphaneity
‫ ﺷﻔﺖ‬šift pl. ‫ ﺷﻔﻮت‬šufūt (eg.) pincers, tweezers
‫ ﺷﻔﱰ‬šaftara to pout, sulk
‫ ﺷﻔﺘﻮرة‬šaftūra thick lip
‫ ﺷﻔﺘﺸﻲ‬see ‫ﺟﻔﺘﺠﻲ‬
‫ ﺷﻔﺘﻠﻚ‬see ‫ﺟﻔﺘﻠﻚ‬
1‫ ﺷﻔﺮ‬šafr pl. ‫ اﺷﻔﺎر‬ašfār palpebral margin from which the eyelashes grow,
(outer) edge of the eyelid; edge, rim, border, fringe
‫ ﺷـﻔﺮ‬šufr pl. ‫ اﺷـﻔﺎر‬ašfār palpebral margin from which the eyelashes grow,
(outer) edge of the eyelid; edge, rim, border. fringe; -- labium (anat.)
794
‫ ﺷﻔﺮة‬šafra pl. šafarāt, ‫ ﺷﻔﺎر‬šifār large knife; blade (of a sword, of a knife);
razor blade; (pl. ‫ )ﺷـﻔﺎر‬brink, edge, verge | ‫اﳍﺎوﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﻔﺮة‬on the brink of the
abyas
‫ ﺷـﻔﲑ‬šafīr palpebral margin from which the eyelashes grow; (outer) edge
of the eyelids; edge, rim, border, fringe
‫ ﻣﺸﻔﺮ‬mišfar pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻓﺮ‬mašāfir2 flew, chap; trunk, snout, proboscis
2‫( ﺷﻔﺮ‬Fr. chiffre) cipher, code
‫ ﺷﻔﺮي‬šifrī ciphered, coded, in code
‫ ﺷﻔﺮة‬šifra cipher, code
‫ ﺷﻔﺸﻒ‬šafšafa to dry, dry out, parch, drain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﻔﻂ‬la/ala to suck, suck up, absorb; to empty, drain; to sip
‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻃﺔ‬šaffāṭa pl. -āt siphon | O ‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻃﺔ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر‬š. al-gubār vacuum cleaner
‫ ﺷﻔﻊ‬šafa‘a a (šaf‘) to double (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to attach, add, subjoin (‫ ﻫـ ب‬to s.th.
s.th.), enclose (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬in s.th. s.th.); to give the (right of) pre-emption (‫ ه ب‬to
s.o. on s.th.), grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) the lint refusal (‫ ب‬of s.th.); -- (‫ ﺷـﻔﺎﻋﺔ‬šafā‘a) to
Confidential
mediate, use one’s good offices, put in a good word, intercede, intervene,
plead (‫ ل‬or‫ ﰲ‬for or on behalf of s.o., ‫ اﱃ‬with s.o. else) V to mediate, use
one’s good offices, put in a good word, intercede, intervene, plead (‫ ل اﱃ‬or
‫ ﰲ‬for or on behalf of s.o. with s.o. else)

‫ ﺷﻔﻊ‬šaf‘ pl. ‫ اﺷﻔﺎع‬ašfā‘, ‫ ﺷﻔﺎع‬šifā‘ either part of a pair; even number
‫ ﺷﻔﻊ‬šaf‘ diplopia, double vision of a single object
‫ ﺷﻔﻌﻲ‬šaf‘ī even (of a number)
‫ ﺷﻔﻌﺔ‬šuf‘a (right of) pre-emption
‫ ﺷـﻔﻴﻊ‬šafī‘ pl. ‫ ﺷـﻔﻌﺎء‬šufa‘ā’2 mediator, intercessor, advocate; patron saint
(Chr.); holder of the right of pre-emption, preemptor
‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺔ‬šafā‘a mediation, intercession, advocacy
‫ ﺷـﺎﻓﻊ‬šāfi‘ mediator, intercessor, advocate; holder of the right of pre-
emption, pre-emptor
‫ اﻟﺸـﺎﻓﻌﻌﻲ‬aš-šāfi‘ī founder of one of the four orthodox Islamic schools of
theology; ‫ ﺷـﺎﻓﻌﻲ‬Shafiitic; (pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺷـﻮاﻓﻊ‬šawāfi‘) adherent of the Shafiitic
school, Shafiite
795
‫ ﻣﺸﻔﻮع‬mašfū‘ accompanied (‫ ب‬by), attended, combined (‫ ب‬with)

‫ ﺷـﻔﻖ‬IV to pity, commiserate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), feel pity (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for), sympathize
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with); to be concerned (‫ ان‬that, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about) worry (‫ ان‬that, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about),
fear (‫ ان‬that, ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for, ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), be apprehensive, feel anxiety (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬about,
‫ ﻣﻦ‬as a result of); to shun, shirk (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.), beware (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of), be on one’s guard
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬against)
‫ ﺷـﻔﻖ‬šafaq evening glow, twilight, dusk | ‫( اﻟﺸـﻔﻖ اﳉﻨـﻮﰊ‬janūbī) aurora
australis; ‫( اﻟﺸـﻔﻖ اﻟﺸـﻤﺎﱄ‬šamālī) aurora borealis; ‫اﻟﺸـﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄـﱯ‬ (quṭbī) polar
light; ‫ ﺷﻔﻖ اﻵﳍﺔ‬Twilight of the Gods
‫ ﺷـﻔﻘﺔ‬šafaqa compassion, commiseration, pity, sympathy, kind(li)ness,
tenderness, affectionateness, solicitude, loving care | ‫ﻋـﺪﱘ اﻟﺸـﻔﻘﺔ‬ pitiless,
merciless
‫ ﺷـﻔﻮق‬šafūq compassionate, sympathetic, affectionate, tender, solicitous,
kind(ly)
Confidential
‫ ﺷـﻔﻴﻖ‬šafīq compassionate, sympathetic, affectionate, tender, solicitous,
kind(ly)
‫ اﺷـﻔﺎق‬išfāq compassion, pity, sympathy; tenderness, affectionateness;
care, solicitude; concern, worry, anxiety, apprehension
‫ ﺷﺎﻓﻦ‬šāfin proud
‫ ﺷﻔﻪ‬III to speak (mouth to mouth) (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ ﺷﻔﻪ‬pl. ‫ ﺷﻔﻮات‬,‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻩ‬see 2 ‫ﺷﻒ‬
‫ ﺷـﻔﻬﻲ‬šafahī lip-, labio- (in compounds), labial; oral; ‫ اﻟﺸـﻔﻬﻲ‬orals (= oral
examination); ‫ ﺷـﻔﻬﻴﺎ‬šafahīyan orally | ‫ اﳊـﺮوف اﻟﺸـﻔﻬﻴﺔ‬the labials b, f, m, w
(phon.)
‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻫﺎ‬šifāhan orally
‫ ﺷـﻔﺎﻫﻲ‬šifāhī oral; ‫ اﻟﺸـﻔﺎﻫﻲ‬the orals (= oral examination); ‫ ﺷـﻔﺎﻫﻴﺎ‬šifāhīyan
orally
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻓﻬﺔ‬mušāfahatan orally
‫ ﺷﻔﻮ‬IV to be very close (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.th.), be on the verge, on the brink of s.th.
(‫اﻟﻴﺄس‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ( | اﺷﻔﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ‬ḥāffat al-ya’s) he brought him to the brink of
despair
796
‫ ﺷﻔﺎ‬šafan pl. ‫ ﺷﻔﺎء‬ašfā’ edge, rim, border, brink, verge

‫ ﺷـﻔﻮي‬šafawī lip-, labio- (in compounds), labial; oral; ‫ ﺷـﻔﻮ‬šafawīyan
orally | ‫اﻟﺸﻔﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ اﳊﺮوف‬the labials b, f, m, w (phon.)
‫ ﻣﺸﻒ‬mušfin moribund, doomed to death
‫ ﺷﻔﻰ‬šafā i (‫ ﺷﻔﺎء‬šifā’) to cure (‫ ه ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. of a disease), heal (‫ ه ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. of a
disease, ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a wound), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) well, restore (‫ ه‬s.o.) to health; -- pass.
šufya to be healed, be cured, be restored to health, recover, convalesce,
recuperate; to heal, heal up (wound) | ‫)ﻏﻠﻴﻠـﻪ‬ ‫( )ﺷـﻔﻲ ﻏﻠﺘـﻪ‬gullatahū) to quench
one’s thirst, gratify one’s desire, satisfy one’s thirst for revenge; ‫ﺷـﻔﻲ ﻏﻴﻈـﻪ‬
‫( ﻣـﻦ‬gaiẓahū) to vent one’s anger on s.o., take it out on s.o. V and VIII to be
cured, be healed, be restored to health (‫ ب‬by); to take revenge, avenge o.s.,
satisfy one’s thirst for revenge, vent one’s anger, take it out (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬on) X to
seek a cure
‫ ﺷـ ــﻔﺎء‬šifā’ cure, healing, restoration, recovery, recuperation,
Confidential ‫ اﺷـﻔﻴﺔ‬ašfiyah, ‫اﺷـﺎف‬

convalescence; satisfaction, gratification; (pl.
remedy, medicament, medication, medicine | ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺸﻔﺎء‬curable
‫` ﺷﻔﺎﺋﻲ‬sifā’ī healing, curative, medicative
‫ ﻣﺸﻔﻰ‬mašfan pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎف‬mašāfīn2 hospital
ašāfin)
‫ ﺗﺸﻒ‬tašaffin gratification of one’s thirst for revenge, satisfaction

‫ اﺳﺘﺸﻔﺎء‬istišfā’ seeking of a cure; cure, (course of) treatment
‫ ﺷــﺎف‬šāfin healing, curative, medicative, salutary; satisfactory, clear,
unquivocal (of an answer)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺸــﻔﻰ‬mustašfā pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺸــﻔﻴﺎت‬mustaštayāt hospital; field hospital;
sanitorium | ‫ﺎذﻳﺐ‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ا‬insane asylum, mental hospital
‫ ﺷﻖ‬šaqqa u (šaqq) to split, cleave, part, tear, rend, rip (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to break (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to plow, till, break up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the ground); ‫ﻫ ـ‬to furrow, traverse, cross (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to pass go, travel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through a region); to break (dawn); -- (‫ﺷـﻘﻮق‬
šuqūq) to break forth, shoot up, sprout (plant), break through, erupt (tooth);
-- (šaqq, ‫ ﻣﺸـﻘﺔ‬mašaqqa) to be heavy, oppressive, burden some unbearable
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); to grieve, trouble (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to molest, harass inconvenience
797
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.), be troublesome, cumbersome (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.); to visit (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.). call

(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.o.) | ‫ﺟﻴﺒﻪ‬
‫( ﺷﻘﺖ‬jaibahā) to tear the front of the garment as a sign
of mourning (woman); ‫ ﺷﻖ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ‬to cut, or open, a way for o.s.; ‫ ﺷﻖ اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬to
break the silence; ‫)ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎ‬ ‫ )ﺷﻖ ﺷﺎرﻋﺎ‬to build a street (a road); ‫ ﺷﻖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬to force
one’s way, plow ahead; ‫ ﺷﻖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪا‬to open up, or enter upon, a new path
(fig.); ‫‘( ﺷــﻖ اﻟﻌﺼــﺎ‬aṣā) to part from the community, break with the
community; ‫‘( ﺷﻖ ﻋﺼﺎ اﻟﻄﺎﻋـﺔ‬aṣā ṭ-ṭā‘a) to rebel, revolt, renounce allegiance;
‫ﺷـﻖ ﻋﺼــﺎ اﻟﻘـﻮم‬ (‘aṣā l-qaum) to sow discord among people; ‫ﻣـﺎ ﺷــﻖ ﻏﺒــﺎرﻫﻢ‬
(gubārahum) he did not reach their mark; ‫ﻏﺒﺎرﻩ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﻳﺸﻖ‬yušaqqu gubaruhū) he
is unsurpassable, he is incomparable, there is no one like him II to split (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to tear open, rip open, slit open (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to be split, be cleft; to split,
crack, bunt; to be cracked VII to be split, be cleft; to split, crack, burst; to
split off, separate, segregate, secede, break away, withdraw (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), break
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with), renounce (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to become a schismatic (Chr.); to break
Confidential
(dawn) | ‫‘( اﻧﺸـﻘﺖ ﻋﺼـﺎﻫﻢ‬aṣāhum) they fell out (with one another); ‫اﻧﺸـﻘﺖ‬
‫( ﻣﺮارﺗـﻪ‬marāratuhū) he exploded (with anger), he blew his top VIII to derive
(‫ ﻫـ ﻣﻦ‬word from)
‫ ﺷﻖ‬šaqq pl. ‫ ﺷﻘﻮق‬šuqūq fissure, crack, chink, crevice, rift, cleft, crevasse,
chasm, split, rent, tear, rip, gap, slit, slot; half, moiety; -- fission, splitting,
cracking, cleavage | ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ ﺷﻖ‬š. ad-darra atomic fission
‫ ﺷـﻖ‬šiqq half, side, part, portion; trouble, difficulty, hardship | ‫ﺷـﻖ اﳌﻌﺎرﺿـﺔ‬
š. al-mu‘āraḍa opposition party; ‫ اﻻ ﺑﺸـﻖ اﻷﻧﻔـﺲ‬... ‫( ﻻ‬illā bi-šiqqi l-anfus),
‫ ﺑﺸﻖ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬only with great effort, with great difficulty, barely
‫ ﺷﻘﺔ‬šaqqa rift, tear, rip, fissure, crack, split, crevice
‫ ﺷـﻘﺔ‬šiqqa pl. ‫ ﺷـﻘﻖ‬šiqaq, ‫ ﺷـﻘﺎق‬šiqāq a half, moiety; piece; splinter;
trouble, toil, labor, difficulty, hardship; difficult journey; destination of a
journey; distance
‫ ﺷـﻘﺔ‬šiqqa, šaqqa pl. ‫ ﺷـﻘﻖ‬šiqaq apartment, flat, split-level apartment;
compertmeut (in a train)
798
‫ ﺷـﻘﺔ‬šuqqa pl. ‫ ﺷـﻘﻖ‬šuqaq trouble, toil, labor, difficulty, hardship; difficult

journey; destination of a journey; distance | ‫اﻟﺸـﻘﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬bu‘d aš-šuqqa (and aš-
šiqqa) large or wide distance; ‫اﻟﺸـﻘﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ‬b. aš-šiqqa (and aš-šiqqa) far away,
distant, remote
‫ ﺷـﻘﻴﻖ‬šaqīq a half, moiety; (pl. ‫ اﺷـﻘﺔ‬ašiqqa, ‫ اﺷـﻘﺎء‬ašiqqā’) full brother,
brother on the paternal and maternal side; (attributively) brother-, sister-; --
anemone | ‫( اﻟﻘﻄـﺮ اﻟﺸـﻘﻴﻖ‬quṭr) the brother country; ‫( اﻟـﺪول اﻟﺸـﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬duwal) the
sister states (esp. with reference to Arab countries)
‫ ﺷـﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬šaqīqa pl. -āt, ‫ ﺷـﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬šaqā’iq2 full sister, sister on the paternal and
maternal side; hemicrania, migraine | ‫ﺷــﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻨﻌﻤــﺎن‬ š. an-nu‘mān red
anemones (bot.)
‫ اﺷﻖ‬ašaqq2 more troublesome, more tiresome, more difficult, harder
‫ ﻣﺸــﻘﺔ‬mašaqqa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﺸــﺎق‬mašāqq2 trouble, toil, labor, difficulty,
hardship
‫ ﺷﻘﺎق‬šiqāq disunity, dissension, discord
‫ اﻧﺸـﻘﺎق‬inšiqāq separation, segregation, dissociation, spilt; schism (Chr.);
Confidential
dissension, discord, disunion
‫ اﺷﺘﻘﺎق‬ištiqāiq derivation, etymology (of a word)
‫ ﺷــﺎق‬šāqq troublesome, tiresome, wearisome, cumbersome, tiresome,
tedious, fatiguing, arduous, onerous, difficult, hard | ‫ﺷﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ اﺷﻐﺎل‬hard labor
‫ ﻣﺸﺎق‬mušāqq schismatic (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ‬muštaqq pl. -āt derivative (gram.)
‫ ﺷﻘﺢ‬IV to send far away, remove to a distant place (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺷﻘﺬف‬šuqduf pl. ‫ ﺷﻘﺎذف‬šaqādif2 a kind of sedan
‫ ﺷﻘﺮ‬šaqira a (šaqar) and šaqura u (‫ ﺷﻘﺮة‬šuqra) to be of fair complexion, be
light skinned; to be blond, fair-haired
‫ ﺷﻘﺮ‬šaqar fair-complexionedness; blondness
‫ ﺷﻘﺮة‬šuqra fair-complexionedness; blondness; redness
‫ اﺷــﻘﺮ‬ašqar2, f. ‫ ﺷــﻘﺮاء‬šaqrā’2, pl. ‫ ﺷــﻘﺮ‬šuqr fair-complexioned, light
skinned; blond, fair-haired; reddish
‫ ﺷﻘﺮق‬saqraqa to be gay, cheerful, be exhilarated, amuse o.s.
799
‫ ﺷﻘﺸـﻖ‬šaqšaqa to twitter, peep, chirp; to babble (‫ ب‬s.th.); to peep, break

(dawn) | ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ﺷﻘﺸﻖ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬to chat, chatter about s.th.
‫ ﺷﻘﺸـﻘﺔ‬šaqšaqa pl. -āt twitter(ing), peopling), chirp(ing); (silly) prattle; pl.
‫ ﺷﻘﺎﺷﻖ‬šaqāšiq2 rigmarole, rambling talk | ‫( ﺷﻘﺸﻘﺔ اﻟﻠﺴﺎن‬silly) prattle; ‫ﺷﻘﺸﻘﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬s. an-nahār daybreak, peep of dawn
‫ ﺷﻘﺸﻘﺔ‬šiqšiqa pl. ‫ ﺷﻘﺎﺷﻖ‬šaqāšiq2 faucal bag of the camel
‫ ﺷﻘﻒ‬šaqaf (coll.; n. un. ‫( )ة‬pot)sherds
‫ ﺷﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬šuqāfa (pot)sherds
1 ‫ ﺷﺎﻗﻞ‬šāqil shekel
2‫ ﺷﺎﻗﻮل‬šāqūl plumbline, plummet
‫ ﺷـﻘﻠﺐ‬šaqlaba to turn things upside down, upset things II tašaqlaba to be
upset, be toppled; to turn a somersault
‫ ﺷﻘﻠﺒﺔ‬šaqlaba pl. -āt somersault
(‫ ﺷــﻘﻮ‬and ‫ﺷــﻘﻲ( ﺷــﻘﺎ‬ šaqā u (‫ ﺷــﻘﻮ‬šaqw) to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) unhappy,
Confidential
miserable, wretched, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ‫ﺷـﻘﻲ‬ šaqiya a (‫ ﺷـﻘﺎء‬šaqā’,
saqāwa, ‫ ﺷﻘﻮة‬šaqwa) to be unhappy, miserable, wretched, distressed; to have
trouble (‫ ب‬with, in s.th.) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) unhappy, miserable, wretched,

‫ﺷـﻘﺎوة‬
distress (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺷﻘﺎء‬šaqā’ and ‫ ﺷﻘﺎ‬saqan misfortune, distress, misery, wretchedness, pain,
suffering; hardship, trouble, toil, drudgery
‫ ﺷـﻘﻲ‬šaqīy pl. ‫ اﺷـﻘﻴﺎء‬ašqiyā’2 unhappy, unlucky, miserable, wretched,
distressed; damned; wretch, villain, culprit, criminal, scoundrel, rogue;
nasty, naughty, mischievous
‫ ﺷﻘﻮة‬šaqwa misfortune, distress, misery
‫ ﺷ ــﻘﺎوة‬saqāwa misfortune, distress, misery; mischief, nastiness,
naughtiness
1‫ ﺷﻚ‬šakka u (šakk) to pierce, transfix (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ب‬with); to impale, spit ( ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ب‬s.th. on); to prick, stab (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to doubt (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th.); to distrust,
suspect, question (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th.), entertain doubts, have misgivings (‫ب‬
or ‫ ﰲ‬about s.o., about s.th.); to be skeptical II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) doubt (‫ﰲ‬
800
s.th.), fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with doubt, misgivings, skepticism, suspicion (‫ ﰲ‬about) V

to doubt (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th.), have doubts (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬about); to be skeptical,
have misgivings
‫ ﺷـﻚ‬šakk pl. ‫ ﺷـﻜﻮك‬šukūk doubt, uncertainty, suspicion, misgiving | ‫ﺑـﻼ‬
‫( ﺷـﻚ‬bi-lā), ‫( ﻻ ﺷـﻚ‬šakka), ‫ وﻻ ﺷـﻚ‬wa-lā šakka, ‫ ﻣـﻦ دون ﺷـﻚ‬min dūni šakk
without doubt, doubtless, undoubtedly, indubitably, certainly, positively; ‫ﻻ‬
‫( ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ اﱃ اﻟﺸـﻚ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬sabīla) doubtless, indubitable, beyond any doubt; ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻄـﺮق‬
‫( اﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﺸﻚ‬yataṭarraqu, šakku) do.
‫ ﺷﻜﺔ‬šakka stab, tšhrust, jab (with the point of a weapon)
‫ ﺗﺸﻜﻚ‬tašakkuk doubt; skepticism
‫ ﺷـﺎك‬šākk doubting, in doubt, skeptical | ‫ ﺷـﺎك اﻟﺴـﻼح‬or ‫ﺷـﺎك ﰲ اﻟﺴـﻼح‬
armed to the teeth, bristling with arms
‫ﻣﺸــﻜﻮك ﻓﻴــﻪ‬ maškūk fīhi doubtful, dubious, uncertain; ‫ﻣﺸــﻜﻮك ﰲ اﻣــﺮﻩ‬
(amrihī) suspect(ed)
2‫ ﺷﻜﻚ‬šakkaka (eg.) to sell on credit; to buy on credit; to borrow
Confidential
‫ ﺷﻜﻚ‬šukuk (eg.) on credit
3‫( ﺷﻚ‬Fr. chèque) pl. ‫ ﺷﻜﺎت‬check
1‫ ﺷﻜﺮ‬šakara u (šukr, ‫ ﺷﻜﺮان‬šukrān) to thank (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬for
s.th.), be thankful, grateful (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬for s.th.); to praise,
laud, extol (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫( ﻳﺸـﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬yuškaru) worthy of thanks, deserving

acknowledgment, meritorious, praiseworthy V to thank (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. for s.th.),
be thankful, grateful (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. for s.th.)
‫ ﺷـﻜﺮ‬šukr pl. ‫ ﺷـﻜﻮر‬šukūr thankfulness, gratefulness, gratitude; thanks,
acknowledgment; praise, laudation | ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ ﺷﻜﺮا‬šukran lak I thank you! thanks!
‫ ﺷﻜﺮﻩ ﺷﻜﺮا ﺟﺰﻳﻼ‬to express many thanks to s.o.
‫ ﺷﻜﺮي‬šukrī of thanks, thanking
‫ﺷ ـ ــﻜﺮان‬ šukrān thankfulness, gratefulness, gratitude; thanks,
acknowledgment; praise, laudation
‫ ﺷﻜﻮر‬šakūr very thankful
‫ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ‬šākir thankful, grateful
801
‫ ﻣﺸﻜﻮر‬maškūr worthy of thanks, deserving acknowledgment, meritorious,

praiseworthy
2‫ ﺷﻜﺎرة‬šikāra pl. ‫ ﺷﻜﺎﺋﺮ‬šakā’ir2 (eg.) sack, gunny sack
3‫ ﺷﻮﻛﺮان‬look up alphabetically
4‫ ﺷﻴﻜﺮان‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷـﻜﺲ‬šakusa u (‫ ﺷﻜﺎﺳـﺔ‬šakāsa) and šakisa a (šakas) to be malicious,

spiteful, querulous, quarrelsome, peevish, petulant, ill-tempered, morose,
surly, sullen, sulky, grumpy, unfriendly III to pick a quarrel, to quarrel (‫ه‬
with s.o.) VI to quarrel (with one another), be querulous, quarrelsome,
petulant; to be incongruous
‫ ﺷـﻜﺲ‬šakis pl. ‫ ﺷـﻜﺲ‬šuks malicious, spiteful, querulous, quarrelsome,
peevish, petulant, ill-tempered, morose, surly, sullen, sulky, grumpy,
unfriendly
‫ ﺷﻜﺎﺳـﺔ‬šakāsa malice, spite, querulousness, peevishness, petulance, ill-
temperedneess, moroseness, surliness, sullenness, sulkiness, grumpiness,
unfriendliness; rudeness
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﺴـﺔ‬mušākasa pl. -āt quarrel, controversy, dispute, wrangle; plot,
Confidential
conspiracy; moroseness, surliness, grumpiness; petulance, nagging,
querulousness
‫ ﺗﺸﺎﻛﺲ‬tašākus incongruity, absurdity
‫ ﺷﺎﻛﻮش‬and ‫ ﺷﻜﻮش‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬šakala u (šakl) to hobble (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻟﺸـﻜﺎل‬an animal with the šikāl, q.v.);
to vowel, point, provide with vowel points (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a text); to be dubious,
ambiguous, equivocal, vague, obscure, intricate, difficult II = I; to shape,
fashion, form, create, mold, organize, build up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to diversify, vary,
variegate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), bring variety (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into s.th.) III to be similar (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o.,
to s.th.), resemble (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ه‬ ,‫)ﻫ ـ‬ IV to be
dubious, ambiguous, equivocal, vague, obscure, intricate, difficult (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for
s.o.) V to be formed, fashioned, shaped, molded, created, organized, built
up, take form, take shape; to be variegated, shaded, graded, form various
gradation; to materialize, appear in visible form (‫ ل‬to s.o.) | ‫ﺑﺸـﻜﻠﻪ‬ ‫( ﺗﺸـﻜﻞ‬bi-
šaklihī) to take on the shape of s.o., assume the form of s.th. X to regard as
dubious (‫ ه‬s.th.); = IV
‫ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬šakl pl. ‫ اﺷـﻜﺎل‬aškāl, ‫ ﺷـﻜﻮل‬šukūl similarity, resemblance, likeness;
outward appearance, figure, form, shape, build; form of perception,
802
perceptual form (as opposed to matter or content; philos.); type, out,

pattern; mode, manner; sort, kind, specimen; ‫ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬vowelization, voweling;
‫ ﺷﻜﻼ‬formally, in form | ‫ ﻫﻢ وأﺷﻜﺎﳍﻢ‬they and the like of them
‫ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ‬šaklī formal; pl. ‫ ﺷﻜﻠﻴﺎت‬formalities
O ‫ ﺷﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬šaklīya formalism
‫ ﺷﻜﻞ‬šikl coquetry, coquettishness
‫ ﺷﻜﻠﺔ‬šakila coquettish woman, coquette, flirt
‫ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ‬šuklī quarrelsome, peevish
‫ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬šikal pl. -āt, ‫ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬šukul fetter, hobble (for shackling the feet of a
riding animal)
‫ ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ‬taškīl pl. -āt forming, formation, shaping, molding, fashioning,
creation, organization, building up; order of march (mil.); pl. ‫ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻼت‬
formations; organizations
‫ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﺔ‬taškīla assortment, selection, variety; formation
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﺔ‬mušākala similarity, resemblance, likeness
Confidential
‫ اﺷﻜﺎل‬iškāl dubiosity, ambiguity, obscurity, vagueness
‫ ﺗﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬tašākul similarity, resemblance
‫ ﺷـﺎﻛﻠﺔ‬šākila way, manner, mode; (pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮاﻛﻞ‬šawākil2) flank, side, groin |
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﺎﻛﻠﺔ‬in the manner of, of the kind of, like, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﺎﻛﻠﺘﻬﻢ‬of their kind,
like them; ‫ﺷﺎﻛﻠﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ‬to be of the same kind, of the same strain as s.th.
‫ ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ‬mušakkal different, diverse, manifold, miscellaneous, variegated;
vowel(iz)ed
‫ ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ‬muškil turbid, murky (liquid); dubious, ambiguous, equivocal,
obscure, vague, hazy; difficult, intricate, involved, problematic; problem,
unsolved question, issue; difficulty
‫ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬muškila pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻛﻞ‬mašākil2 problem, unsolved question, issue;
difficulty
‫ ﺷﻜﻢ‬šakama u (šakm) to bridle (‫ ﻫـ‬an animal); to bribe (‫ ه‬s.o.); to silence,
gag, muzzle (s.o.)
‫ ﺷـﻜﻴﻤﺔ‬šakīma pl. ‫ ﺷـﻜﺎﺋﻢ‬šakā’im2, ‫ ﺷـﻜﻢ‬šukum, ‫ ﺷـﻜﻴﻢ‬šakīm bit, curb,
snaffle, bridoon; (pl. ‫ )ﺷﻜﺎﺋﻢ‬O brake (of a wheel); unruliness, unyieldingness
obstinacy; contempt, disdain, scorn | ‫ﺷــﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺸــﻜﻴﻤﺔ‬ stubborn, obstinate,
803
unyielding; ‫ﻗــﻮة اﻟﺸــﻜﻴﻤﺔ‬ quwwat aš-š. energy; ‫ﻗــﻮي اﻟﺸــﻜﻴﻤﺔ‬ qawīy aš-š.
energetic, vigorous, active
‫ ﺷﻜﻪ‬III to resemble (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), he like s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬
‫ )ﺷـﻜﺎ )ﺷـﻜﻮ‬šakā u (‫ ﺷـﻜﻮ‬šakw, ‫ ﺷـﻜﻮى‬šakwā, ‫ ﺷـﻜﺎة‬šakāh, ‫ ﺷـﻜﺎﻳﺔ‬šikāya,
‫ ﺷﻜﻴﺔ‬šakīya) to complain (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of, about, ‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of or
about s.th.), make a complaint; to raise or lodge a complaint (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of,
about or against s.o., ‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬with s.o.); to suffer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.th.) V = I; VI to
complain to one another (‫ ﻫـ‬of, about s.th.) VIII = I
‫ ﺷـﻜﻮة‬šakwa complaint, grievance; (pl. ‫ ﺷـﻜﻮات‬šakawāt, ‫ ﺷـﻜﺎء‬šikā’) small
skin (for water or milk)
‫ ﺷــﻜﻮى‬šakwā pl. ‫ ﺷــﻜﺎوى‬šakāwā complaint; accusation; suffering,
grievance
‫ ﺷﻜﺎة‬šakāh complaint; accusation; suffering, grievance
‫ ﺷﻜﺎﻳﺔ‬šikāya complaint; accusation; suffering, grievance
‫ ﺷﻜﻴﺔ‬šakīya complaint; accusation; suffering, grievance
Confidential
‫ ﺷﻜﺎء‬šakkā’ given to complaining, querulous
‫ ﻣﺸـﻜﺎة‬miškāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﻜﺎوات‬miškāwāt, ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎك‬mašākin niche (for a lamp);
lamp, pendent lamp
‫ ﺷﺎك‬šākin complainant, plaintiff | ‫ ﺷﺎﻛﻲ اﻟﺴﻼح = ﺷﺎك اﻟﺴﻼح‬šākk as-s.
(‫ﻣﺸــﻜﻮ‬ (‫ﻣﻨــﻪ‬ maškūw complained of, accused, charged; an accused,
defendant
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻚ‬muštakin complainant, plaintiff
‫ ﻣﺸـﺘﻜﻰ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬muštaka ‘alaihi complained of, accused, charged; an accused,
defendant
‫ ﺷﻜﻮر‬šikūriyā chicory
‫ ﺷﻜﻮﻻﺗﻪ‬šukūlāta (eg.), šikōlāta (syr.), chocolate
‫ ﺷﺎﻛﻮش‬and ‫ ﺷﻜﻮش‬see ‫( ﺷﺎﻛﻮش‬alphabetically)
‫ ﺷـﻞ‬šalla a (šall, ‫ ﺷـﻠﻞ‬šalal) to dry up, wither, become crippled, stunted; to
be paralyzed, be lame; -- šalla u to paralyze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺘـﻪ‬ ‫( ﺷـﻞ‬ḥarakatahū)
to overwhelm s.o., ‫ﻻ‬ring s.o. down IV to cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the hand) to wither; to
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paralyze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to neutralize, bring to a stand-still (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VII to be

paralyzed, be lamed
‫ ﺷﻠﺔ‬šalla destination (of a journey)
‫ ﺷﻠﺔ‬šilla pl. ‫ ﺷﻠﻞ‬šilal hank, skein (of yarn); coil, spool; party, group
‫ ﺷـﻠﻞ‬šalal paralysill, pelsy, paralyzation (also fig.) | ‫ ﺷـﻠﻞ اﻷﻃﻔـﺎل‬š. al-aṭfāl,
‫( اﻟﺸـﻠﻞ اﻟﻄﻔﻠـﻲ‬ṭiflī) infantile paralysis, poliomyelitis; ‫( اﻟﺸـﻼل اﻻﻫﺘـﺰازي‬ihtizāzī)
paralysis agitans, Parkinson’s disease
‫ ﺷﻼل‬šallāl pl. -āt cataract, waterfall, rapids
‫ اﺷـﻞ‬ašall2, f. ‫ ﺷـﻼء‬šallā’2 withered, stunted (hand); paralyzed, lame; a
paralytic
‫ ﻣﺸﻠﻮل‬mašlūl paralyzed, lame
‫ ﺷﻠﱯ‬šalabī dandyish, foppish; dandy, fop; (pal.) nice, handsome, beautiful
1‫ ﺷﻠﺖ‬II to kick
2‫ ﺷﻠﺘﺔ‬šalta pl. -āt, ‫ ﺷﻠﺖ‬šilat mattress
‫ ﺷـﻠﺢ‬šalaḥa a (šalḥ) to take off (‫ ﺛﻴﺎﺑـﻪ‬tiyābahū one’s clothes); to shed the
Confidential
cloth (‫)ﻫـ‬, renounce the ministry (monk, prieat) II to
undress, disrobe, strip (‫ ه‬s.o.); to roh, plunder (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﺸﻠﺢ‬mašlaḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﱀ‬mašāliḥ, (syr., nejd.) long, sowing cloak of wool or
camel’s hair, also one with gold embroidery
‫ ﺗﺸﻠﻴﺢ‬tašlīḥ robbing, plundering, robbery
‫ ﻣﺸﻠﺢ‬mušallaḥ dressing room (in a public bath)
‫ ﺷﻠﺸﻞ‬šalšala to dribble, trickle
‫ ﺷﻠﻔﺔ‬šilfa (razor) blade
1‫ ﺷﻠﻖ‬šalaqa u (šalq) to split lengthwise (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﻠﻖ‬bale (e.g., of hay)

2‫ ﺷﻮﻟﻘﻲ‬šaulaqī person with a sweet tooth
‫ ﺷﻠﻴﻚ‬look up alphabetically
1‫ ﺷﻮﱂ‬look up alphabetically
2‫ ﺷﻴﻠﻢ‬look up alphabetically
‫( ﺷﻠﻦ‬Engl.) šilin pl. -āt shilling
805
‫ ﺷـﻠﻮ‬šilw pl. ‫ اﺷـﻼء‬ašlā’ corpse (esp. one in a state of decay); severed

member (of the body); part torn off, fragment; remnant; stump of a limb
‫( ﺷﻠﻴﻚ‬Turk. çilek) šilek (eg.) strawberries
‫ ﺷـﻢ‬šamma (1st pers. perf. šamimtu) a and (1st pers. perf. šamamtu) u
(šamm, ‫ ﴰـﻴﻢ‬šamīm) to smell, sniff (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to snulf (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to emanate,
exude (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from) | ‫( )ﺷﻢ اﻟﻨﺴﻴﻢ )اﳍﻮاء‬hawā’a) to get a breath of fresh air, take a
walk; -- šamma (1st pers. perf. šamimtu) a (‫ ﴰﻢ‬šamam) to behave proudly or
haughtily, be proud, haughty, supercilious II to give (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. s.th.) to smell,
let (‫ ه‬s.o.) smell (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV – II V to savor the smell of s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, sniff (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) | ‫ ﺗﺸـﻤﻢ اﻷﺧﺒـﺎر‬to nose about for news VIII to smell, sniff (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
gather, understand (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th. from), read (‫ ﻣﻦ ه‬s.th. into)

‫ ﺷـﻢ‬šamm smelling; sense of smell, olfaction | ‫ ﺷـﻢ اﻟﻨﺴـﻴﻢ‬Egyptian popular
holiday on the Monday following the Greek Coptic Easter at the end of
March, in April or in early May
‫ ﴰﺔ‬šamma pinch (of snuff); smell, odor; slight trace of s.th., whiff
Confidential
‫ ﴰﻲ‬šammī olfactory
‫ ﴰﻢ‬šamam pride, haughtiness, superciliousness
‫ ﴰﺎم‬šammām pl. -ūn (tobacco) snuffer
‫ ﴰﺎم‬šammām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬musk-melon, cantaloupe
‫ اﺷـﻢ‬ašamm 2, f. ‫ ﴰـﺎء‬šammā’2, pl. ‫ ﺷـﻢ‬šumm having a sensitive, or good,
nose; supercilious, haughty; proud (in a complimentary sense); highborn;
most honorable
‫ اﻹﴰـﺎم‬al-išmām the pronunciation of u with a trace of i, as rüdda for
rudda, and vice versa, qǖla for qīla (gram.)
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ‬šāmma sense of smell, olfaction
‫ ﻣﺸﻤﻮم‬mašmūm musk
‫ )اﴰـﺄز )ﴰـﺄز‬išma’azza = to contract, get contracted, shrink; to shrink back,
recoil (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), shudder (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬at), abhor, detest (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.), feel disgust (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
for), be nauseated (‫ ﻣﻦ‬by)

‫ اﴰﺌﺰاز‬išmi’zāz shudder; disgust, aversion, repugnance
‫ ﻣﺸﻤﺌﺰ‬mušma’izz disgusted, nauseated, revolted (‫ ﻣﻦ‬by)
806
‫( ﴰﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬Fr.) šambanyā champagne

‫ ﴰﺖ‬šamita a (‫ ﴰﺎت‬šamāt, ‫ ﴰﺎﺗﺔ‬šamāta) to rejoice at the misfortune of s.o.
(‫)ب‬, gloat over s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬mishaps, savor s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬bad luck II to disappoint
(‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to cause s.o. (‫ )ه‬to take malicious pleasure in the mishaps of
another (‫)ب‬
‫ ﴰﺎت‬šamāt malicious joy, Schadenfreude
‫ ﴰﺎﺗﺔ‬šaamāta malicious joy, Schadenfreude, malice
‫ ﺷـﺎﻣﺖ‬šāmit pl. ‫ ﴰـﺎت‬šummāt, pl. f. ‫ ﺷـﻮاﻣﺖ‬šawāmit2 enjoying another’s
misfortune, malicious, gloating
‫ ﴰـﺦ‬šamaka a (samk, ‫ ﴰـﻮخ‬šumūk) to be high, tall, lofty, tower up, loom
(mountain, building); to disdain (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.), turn up one’s nose (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at s.th.) |
‫)ﴰــﺦ ﻧﻔــﻪ )اﻧﻔــﻪ‬ (bi-anfihī, anfahū) to be arrogant, haughty, proud,
supercilious VI to be high, tall, lofty, tower up, loom; to be boastful, put on
airs; to be proud, haughty, supercilious
‫ ﺗﺸﺎﻣﺦ‬tašāmuk pride, haughtiness, arrogance
Confidential
‫ ﺷـﺎﻣﺦ‬šāmik pl. ‫ ﴰـﺦ‬šummak, ‫ ﺷـﻮاﻣﺦ‬šawāmik2 high, tall, lofty, towering;
proud, haughty, supercilious |
supercilious, arrogant
‫ﺷــﺎﻣﺦ اﻷﻧــﻒ‬ š. al-anf proud, haughty,
‫ ﻣﺘﺸ ــﺎﻣﺦ‬mutašāmik high, tall, lofty, towering; proud, haughty,

supercilious; towering in lofty heights
‫ ﻣﺸﻤﺨﺮ‬mušmakirr lofty, towering (of buildings)
‫ ﴰﺮ‬II to gather up, lift, roll up, tuck up, turn up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a garment); to prepare,
get ready | ‫ﻟﻸﻣـﺮ‬
‫ ﴰﺮ‬to embark upon s.th., buckle down to s.th.; ‫ﴰـﺮ ﻋـﻦ ﺳـﺎﻋﺪﻩ‬
to bare the upper arm (by rolling up the sleeve), get to work; ‫ﴰـﺮ ﻋـﻦ ﻳـﺪ اﳉـﺪ‬
(s. al-jidd) to buckle dawn to a job, rally all one’s forces, put one’s shoulder
to the wheel V to set to work briskly
‫ ﴰﺮ‬šamar fennel (bot.)
‫ ﴰﺮة‬šumra, šamra fennel
‫ ﴰﺎر‬šamār fennel
‫ ﻣﺸﻤﺮ‬mušammir busily at work in (an activity)
‫ ﴰــﺮوخ‬šumrūk pl. ‫ ﴰــﺎرﻳﺦ‬šamārīk2 stalk with date cluster; date-palm
panicle, branch stripped of its leaves; little stick; detonator, primer cap
807
‫ اﴰﺄز‬see ‫ﴰﺄز‬
‫ ﴰـﺲ‬šamasa u (‫ ﴰـﻮس‬šumūs, ‫ ﴰـﺎس‬šimās) to be headstrong, balky, restive
(of a horse); -- šamasa i u and šamisa a (šamas) to be sunny (day) II to
expose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to the sun, lay ( ‫ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) out in the sun to dry; to perform the
office of deacon (Chr.) IV to be sunny (day) V to bask, sun o.s., lie or sit in
the sun
‫ ﴰﺲ‬šams f., pl. ‫ ﴰﻮس‬šumūs sun | ‫ ﲰﺖ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬samt aš-š. ecliptic (astron.);
‫ ﺷﺮوق اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬sunrise; ‫ ﺿﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ḍarbat aš-š. sunstroke, heat prostration; ‫ﻋﺒﺎد‬
‫‘ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬abbād aš-š. sunflower; ‫ ﻏﺮوب اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬sunset
‫ ﴰﺴـﻲ‬šamsī sun- (in compounds), solar | ‫( اﳊـﺮوف اﻟﺸﻤﺴـﻴﺔ‬gram.) the sun
letters (which assimilate the l of the article); ‫( ﺻـﻮرة ﴰﺴـﻴﺔ‬ṣūra) photograph,
photo; ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ‬ ‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬phtoography
‫ ﴰﺴـﻴﺔ‬šamsīya pl. -āt (colloq. ‫ ﴰﺎﺳـﻲ‬šamāsī) sunshade, parasol; umbrella;
curtain, screen; stop (of a wind instrument) | ‫ﴰﺴــﻴﺔ اﻟﺸــﺒﺎك‬ š. aš-ubbāk
window curtain, drape; O ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺎر‬ ‫ ﴰﺴﻴﺔ‬š. aṭ-ṭayyār parachute
Confidential
‫ ﴰﻮس‬šamūs pl. ‫ ﴰﺲ‬šumus headstrong, balky, restive (horse)
‫ ﴰــﺎس‬šammās pl. ‫ ﴰﻤﺴــﺔ‬šamāmisa deacon of the lower rank of the
ministry, nowadays, with unconsecrated persons frequently performing this
office, corresponding to the sexton or sacristan (Chr.); acolyte and liturgical
cantor of Oriental Christian rites (clerics and laymen)
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﺲ‬šamis sunny (day)
‫ ﻣﺸﻤﺲ‬mušmis sunny (day)
‫ ﴰﺸﻢ‬šamšama to sniff (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﴰﻂ‬šamiṭa a (šamaṭ) to become gray, haired, turn gray
‫ اﴰﻂ‬ašmaṭ2, f. ‫ ﴰﻄﺎء‬šamṭā’ 2, pl. ‫ ﴰﻂ‬šumṭ, ‫ ﴰﻄﺎن‬gray-haired
‫ ﴰـﻊ‬II to rub, or smear, with wax, to wax (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﴰـﻊ اﻟﻔﺘﻠـﺔ‬fatla) to slip
away, abscond, make off, decamp
‫ ﴰﻊ‬šam‘, šama‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﴰﻮع‬šumū‘ wax; (wax) candles | ‫اﻟﺸﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻷﲪـﺮ‬ sealing wax; ‫ﴰـﻊ اﳋـﺘﻢ‬ š. al-katm do.; ‫ﴰـﻊ ﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴـﻊ اﻷرﺿـﻴﺔ‬ (li-talmī‘ al-
araḍīya) floor wax
‫ ﴰﻌـﺔ‬šam‘a, šama‘a (n. un.) (wax) candle | O ‫ ﴰﻌـﺔ اﻟﺸـﺮارة‬š. aš-šarāra spark
plug
808
‫ ﴰﻌـﻲ‬šam‘ī, šama‘ī waxy, waxen, ceraceous, cero- (in compounds), made

of wax
‫ ﴰﺎع‬šammā‘ chandler, maker or seller of candles
‫ ﴰﺎﻋﺔ‬šammā‘a clothes rack, clothes peg, hat rack
‫ ﻣﺸـﻤﻊ‬mušamma‘ waterproof, impermeable (of a garment); -- (pl. -āt)
waterproof material; impregnated linen; waterproof cover or coating;
oilcloth, wax cloth; linoleum | ‫( ﻣﺸـﻤﻊ ﺑﺘﻴـﻮﻣﲔ ﻟﻠﺴـﻘﻒ‬li-s-saqf) bituminous
roof covering, roofing felt, tar paper; ‫( ﻣﻌﻄﻒ ﻣﺸﻤﻊ‬mi‘ṭaf) raincoat
‫ ﴰﻌﺪان‬šam‘addān pl. -āt, ‫ ﴰﺎﻋﺪ‬šamā‘id2, ‫ ﴰﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ‬candlestick, candelabrum
‫ ﻳﺸﻤﻖ‬look up alphabetically
1 ‫ﴰـﻞ‬ šamila a (šamal) and šamala u (šaml, ‫ﴰـﻮل‬ šumūl) to contain,
comprise, comprehend, enclose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to imply, implicate, include (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to touch, affect, fill, overcome, pervade (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., of feelings,
emotions); to prevail, be general, universal | ‫( ﴰﻠـﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺘـﻪ‬bi-‘ināyatihī) to
bestow one’s care on s.o., take s.o. under one’s wing V ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻟﺸﻤﻠﺔ‬to wrap
Confidential
o.s. in the šamla (q.v.) VIII = V; to wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬in s.th.); to contain,
comprise, comprehend, enclose, enfold, imply, implicate, include (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
| ‫اﻟﺴﻮاد‬ ‫( اﺷﺘﻤﻠﻪ‬sawādu) it was completely black

‫ ﴰـﻞ‬šaml uniting, gathering, concentration; unity. union | ‫ ﲨـﻊ اﻟﺸـﻤﻞ‬jam‘
aš-š. reunion, reunification; ‫اﺟﺘﻤـﺎع اﻟﺸــﻤﻞ‬ reunion; unity, union; ‫ﻣـﺰق ﴰﻠــﻪ‬
mazzaqa šamlahū to break up, dismember, dismantle, parcel s.th.; to
partition s.th., divide s.th. up
‫ ﴰﻠـﺔ‬šamla pl. šamalāt cloak; turban | ‫ ام ﴰﻠـﺔ‬ummu šamlata the world, the
temporal joys
‫ ﴰﺎﺋﻞ‬šamā’il2 (pl.) good qualities; character, nature
‫ اﴰﻞ‬ašmal more comprehensive; more general, more universal
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬šāmil comprehensive, exhaustive; general, universal, complete, total
‫ ﻣﺸﻤﻮل‬mašmūl contained, comprised, included, implied | ‫( ﻣﺸﻤﻮل ﺑﺮﻋﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬bi-
ri‘āyatihī) enjoying the protection or patronage of s.o.; ‫ ﻣﺸـﻤﻮﻻت اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔـﺔ‬the
inherent functions of an office
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬muštamal comprising, containing, including (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
809
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ‬muštamal cottage (for rent)

‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻼت‬muštamalāt contents
2‫ ﴰﺎل‬šamāl, šimāl north; north wind; šimāl left hand; left side; left; ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬
the left (pol.); ‫ ﴰﺎل‬šimāla north of …; ‫ ﴰﺎﻻ‬šimālan to the left; northward, to

the north | ‫( ﴰـﺎل ﺷـﺮﻗﻲ‬šarqī) northeast; ‫( ﴰـﺎل ﻏـﺮﰊ‬garbī) northwest; ‫ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ‬
‫ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬kaukab aš-š. polar star; ‫( اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل‬yad) the left hand
‫ ﴰﺎﱄ‬šamalī, šimālī northern, northerly, north; situated on the left; ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﻮن‬
the leftist parties (pol.) | ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄ‬ ‫( اﻟﺸﻔﻖ‬šafaq) aurora borealis, northern lights
3 ‫ﴰﻠـﻮل‬šumlūl pl. ‫ ﴰﺎﻟﻴـﻞ‬šamālīl2 small amount, small quantity; -- (eg.)
šamlūl brisk, vivid, agile, lively, nimble
4‫ﻣﺸﻤﻼ‬ ,‫ ﻣﺸﻤﻠﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﴰﻨﺪر‬šamandar white beet, chard
‫ ﴰﻨﺪورة‬šamandūra buoy
1‫ ﺷـﻦ‬šanna u (šann): ‫ﺷـﻦ ﻏـﺎرة‬ (gāratan) to make a raid, an invasion; to
Confidential
make an attack, launch an attack (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against, on) IV = I
‫ ﺷﻦ‬šann pl. ‫ ﺷﻨﻮن‬šunūn (water)skin
‫ ﻣﺸﻨﺔ‬mišanna basket without handles
‫ اﺷﻨﺎن‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷﻨﺄ‬šana’a a (‫ ﺷﻨﺂن‬šan’ān, šana’ān) to hate
‫ ﺷﻨﺐ‬šanab pl. ‫ اﺷﻨﺐ‬ašnāb mustache
‫ ﺷـﻨﺘﻴﺎن‬šintiyān pl. ‫ ﺷـﻨﺎﺗﲔ‬šanātīn2 loose trousers resembling pantalets,
worn by women
‫ ﺷـﻨﺞ‬šanija a (šanaj) to contract, shrink; to suffer from convulsions V = I;
to twitch
‫ ﺗﺸـﻨﺞ‬tašannuj contraction, shriveling, shrinking (of the skin); convulsive
contraction (of a muscle), twitch, jerk, convulsion, spasm, fit, cramp | ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻨﺞ‬
‫( اﻟﺮﻋﺸﻲ‬ra‘šī) clonic spasm; ‫( اﻟﺘﺸﻨﺞ اﻟﻜﺰازي‬kuzāzī) tonic spasm
‫ ﺗﺸﻨﺠﻲ‬tašannujī spastic, spasmodic, cramplike, paroxysmal, convulsive
‫ ﺷﻨﺨﻮﺑﺔ‬šunkūba pl. ‫ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﻴﺐ‬šanākīb2 large rock, boulder
‫ ﺷﻨﺮ‬II to blame, censure, revile, slander, abuse (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
810
‫ ﺷﻨﺎر‬šanār disgrace, ignominy

‫ ﺷﻨﺎرق‬šanāriq2 = ‫ ﺷﺮاﻧﻖ‬šarāniq2
‫ ﺷﻨﺸﻨﺔ‬šanšana rustling (of paper); cracking, crackling
‫ ﺷﻨﺸــﻨﺔ‬šinšina pl. ‫ ﺷﻨﺎﺷــﻦ‬šanāšin2 nature, disposition; habit, custom,
practice
1 ‫ ﺷﻨﻴﻄﺔ‬šunaiṭa knot; noose, loop
2 ‫ ﺷـﻨﻄﺔ‬šanṭa pl. ‫ ﺷـﻨﻂ‬šunaṭ suitcase; satchel; bag, traveling bag | ‫اﻟﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ﺷـﻨﻄﺔ‬
š. al-yad handbag
‫ ﺷـﻨﻊ‬šanu‘a u (šana‘, ‫ ﺷـﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬šana‘a) to be ugly, abominable, repugnant,
repulsive, atrocious, hideous, horrid, horrible, disgraceful; -- šana‘a a (šan‘)
to dishonor, disgrace (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) II to calumniate, slander, revile, defame
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.); to pillory, expose, condemn, denounce (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﺷـﻨﻊ‬šanī‘ ugly, abominable, repugnant, repulsive, disgusting, atrocious,
hideous, horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious
‫ ﺷﻨﻌﺔ‬šun‘a ugliness, hideousness, horridness, repulsiveness
Confidential
‫ ﺷـﻨﻴﻊ‬šanī‘ ugly, abominable, repugnant, repulsive, disgusting, atrocious,
hideous, horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious
‫ ﺷﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬šanā‘a ugliness, hideousness, horridness, repulsiveness
‫ اﺷـﻨﻊ‬ašna‘2, f. ‫ ﺷــﻨﻌﺎء‬šan‘ā’2 ugly, abominable, repugnant, repulsive,
disgusting, atrocious, hideous, horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious
‫ ﺷﻨﻐﻮﺑﺔ‬šungūba pl. ‫ ﺷﻨﺎﻏﻴﺐ‬šanāgīb2 spicate protuberance; thorn, spike
‫ ﺷﻨﻒ‬II ‫( ﺷﻨﻒ اﻵذان‬ādāna) to please the ears, to delight (of a voice)
‫ ﺷﻨﻒ‬sanf pl. ‫ ﺷﻨﻮف‬šunūf earring
‫ ﺷﻨﻖ‬šanaqa u (šanq) to hang (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o. on the gallows)
‫ ﺷﻨﻖ‬šanq hanging
‫ ﺷﻨﻖ‬šanaq rope
‫ ﻣﺸـﻨﻘﺔ‬mišnaqa pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻧﻖ‬mašāniq2 gallows, gibbet; scaffold, place of
execution (by hanging); mašnaqa gallows, gibbet
‫ ﻣﺸﻨﻮق‬mašnūq hanged
‫ ﺷﻨﻘﺐ‬šunqub bécassine, snipe (zool.)
‫ ﺷﻨﻜﻞ‬šankala (eg.) to trip (‫ ه‬s.o.) up; to hook up
‫ ﺷﻨﻜﻞ‬šankal pl. ‫ ﺷﻨﺎﻛﻞ‬šanākil2 clothes peg; hook
811
‫ ﺷﻨﻬﻖ‬šanhaqa to bray (donkey)

‫ ﺷﻬﺐ‬šahab gray color, gray
‫ ﺷﻬﺒﺔ‬šuhba gray color, gray
‫ ﺷﻬﺎب‬šihāb pl. ‫ ﺷﻬﺐ‬šuhub, ‫ ﺷﻬﺒﺎن‬šuhbān flame, blaze, fire; shooting star,
luminous meteor; star
‫ اﺷـﻬﺐ‬ašhab2, f. ‫ ﺷـﻬﺒﺎء‬šahbā’2, pl. ‫ ﺷـﻬﺐ‬šuhb gray; ‫ اﻟﺸـﻬﺒﺎء‬epithet of
Aleppo (Syria)
‫ ﺷـﻬﺪ‬šahida a (‫ ﺷـﻬﻮد‬šuhūd) to witness (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be witness (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to
experience personally (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), see with one’s own eyes (‫ ه‬s.o. in a
situation); to be present (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at), attend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a celebration); to be present at the
public appearance of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to see (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- (‫ ﺷـﻬﺎدة‬šahāda) to testify,

bear witness; to attest, confirm, certify (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ان‬ that), testify, give
testimony, give evidence (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o., to or about s.th., ‫ل‬ in s.o.’s
favor); to sign as a witness, to witness (J. a document); to acknowledge,
adjudge (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o., s.th.) | ‫ ﺷـﻬﺪ‬to swear by God; ‫ ﺷـﻬﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴـﺎ‬to notarize ill
Confidential
to see (with one’s own eyes), view, inspect, watch, observe, witness (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
IV to call (‫ ه‬upon s.o.) as a witness (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.th.); pass. ušhida to be
martyred, die as a martyr X to call (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬upon s.o.) or cite (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.) as
witness (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against or for, ‫ ﰲ‬in); to cite, quote (‫ ب‬s.th.); to attest (e.g., ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻌـﲎ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ ﺑﺒﻴـﺖ‬ the meaning of a word by a verse); pass. ustušhida to be
martyred, die as a martyr
‫ ﺷﻬﺪ‬šahd, šuhd pl. ‫ ﺷﻬﺎد‬šihād honey; honeycomb
‫ ﺷﻬﺪة‬šahda carbuncle
‫ ﺷـﻬﻴﺪ‬šahīd pl. ‫ ﺷـﻬﺪاء‬šuhadā’2 witness; martyr, one killed in battle with
the infidels; one killed in action
‫ ﺷﻬﻴﺪة‬šahīda (woman) martyr
‫ ﺷـﻬﺎدة‬šahāda pl. -āt testimony, witness, evidence, deposition; statement;
certificate, certification, testimonial, affidavit; attestation, attest; credentials,
identification; (Muslim) creed (= doftrinal formula); martyrdom, ‫ﺷــﻬﺎدة‬
‫ اﻹﺛﺒـﺎت‬š. al-itbāt evidence for the prosecution; ‫( ﺷـﻬﺎدة ﺣﺴـﻦ اﻟﺴـﲑ واﻟﺴـﻠﻮك‬š.
ḥusn as-sair) certificate of good conduct; ‫اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ ‫ ﺷﻬﺎدة ﺧﻠﻮ اﻟﻄـﺮف ﻋـﻦ‬š. kulūw
812
aṭ-ṭaraf ‘an il-‘amal certificate of discharge (from a position); ‫ﺷـﻬﺎدة اﻟﺪراﺳـﺔ‬

‫( اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬tānawīya) secondary school diploma; ‫ ﺷﻬﺎدة زور‬š. zūr false testimony;
‫ ﺷـﻬﺎدة ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﻬﺎدة‬indirect testimony (Isl. Law); ‫ ﺷـﻬﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴـﺔ‬š. al-‘ālimīya
(Eg.) diploma of higher learning (highest diploma awarded by Al Azhar
University); ‫‘( ﺷـﻬﺎدة ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬āliya) diploma; ‫ ﺷـﻬﺎدة اﻟﻨﻔـﻲ‬š. an-nafy evidence for
the defense; ‫ ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟﻮﻻدة‬birth certificate
‫ ﻣﺸـﻬﺪ‬mašhad pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪ‬mašāhid2 place of assembly, assembly, meeting;
place where a martyr or hero died; religious shrine venerated by the people,
esp. the tomb of a saint; funeral cortege; profession; view, aspect, spectacle,
sight, scenery; place or object of interest; scene (e.g., of a crime, of nature);
act, number (as part of a program, e.g., in vaudeville), scene (in theater, as
part of a play); aspect |‫ﻏﻨـﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﺸـﻬﺪ‬ginā’ī) song scene, vocal recital; ‫ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫ اﳊﻴﺎة‬m. al-ḥayāh aspects of life
‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪة‬mušāhada seeing, viewing, witnessing, inspection; (pl. -āt) view,
sight, spectacle; apparition, vision
‫ اﺷﻬﺎد‬išhād pl. -āt written certification
Confidential
‫ اﺳﺘﺸـﻬﺎد‬istišhād citation. quotation; death of a martyr; death of a hero,
heroic death; martyrdom
‫ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ‬šāhid pl. ‫ ﺷـﻬﻮد‬šuhūd, ‫ ﺷـﻬﺪ‬šuhhad present; -- (pl. ‫ ﺷـﻬﻮد‬šuhūd, ‫اﺷـﻬﺎد‬
ašhād) witness (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); notary public; -- pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮاﻫﺪ‬šawāhid2) (piece of)
evidence (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬for); attestation; quotation serving as textual evidence;

testimony; an oblong, upright tombstone | ‫اﻹﺛﺒـﺎت‬ ‫ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ‬š. al-itbāt witness for
the prosecution; ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬š. as-sam‘ earwitness; ‫ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ‬s. al-‘ain, ‫ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻴـﺎن‬
š. ‘iyān, ‫‘( ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻴـﺎﱐ‬iyānī) eyewitness; ‫ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻨﻔـﻲ‬š. an-nafy witness for the
defense; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ رؤوس اﻷﺷﻬﺎد‬in public, for everyone to see
‫ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪة‬šāhida pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮاﻫﺪ‬šawāhid2 an oblong, upright tombstone; index
finger; true copy, copy of a letter, duplicate; ‫ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪة‬the Earth
‫ ﻣﺸـﻬﻮد‬mašhūd taking place in the presence of spectators or witnesses;
happening before a large audience, well-attended; memorable (day, event) |
‫ﳉـﺮم اﳌﺸـﻬﻮد‬ (jurm) in the act, red-handed, flagrante delicto | ‫اﻟﻴـﻮم اﳌﺸـﻬﻮد‬
(yaum) the Day of Resurrection; red-letter day, festive public holiday
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬mušāhid pl. -ūn spectator, onlooker, observer
813
‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪ‬mušāhad visible, perceptible; pl. ‫ ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪات‬things seen, sights;

visible things
‫ ﺷـﻬﺮ‬šahara a (šahr) to make well-known, famous, renowned, notorious
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to spread, make known, divulge, proclaim, announce (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to draw, unsheathe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a weapon); pass. šuhira to be or become well-
known, famed, famous, renowned, notorious (‫ ب‬by or for s.th. respectively,
by or under a name) | ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫( ﺷﻬﺮ اﳊﺮب‬ḥarb) to declare war on s.o.; ‫ﺷﻬﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬
(bunduqīya) to level a gun (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at s.o.) II to make well-known, famous,
renowned, notorious (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to spread, make known, divulge,
proclaim, announce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to defame, slander, revile publicly, pillory,

condemn, denounce (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to engage or hire (‫ ه‬s.o.) on a monthly basis,
rent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) by the month IV to make known, proclaim, announce, spread,
divulge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to unsheathe, draw (‫ ه‬a weapon); to sell at auction, also
‫( اﺷـﻬﺮ اﳌـﺰاد‬mazāda) | ‫( اﺷـﻬﺮ ﻣـﺰاد ﺑﻴـﻊ ﺷـﻲء‬mazāda bai‘i š.) to auction s.th. off,
Confidential
put s.th. up at auction VIII to be or become well-known, famed, famous,
renowned, notorious (‫ ب‬by or for s.th. respectively, by or under a name); to
be known (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.o., a trait, and the like); to be widespread, common
‫ ﺷـﻬﺮ‬šahr pl. ‫ اﺷـﻬﺮ‬ašhur, ‫ ﺷـﻬﻮر‬šuhūr new moon; month | ‫ ﺷـﻬﺮ اﻟﻌﺴـﻞ‬š. al-
‘asal honeymoon
‫ ﺷـﻬﺮي‬šahrī monthly, mensal; ‫ ﺷـﻬﺮ‬šahrīyan monthly, per month, by the
month | ‫ اﺷﱰاك ﺷﻬﺮي‬monthly subscription; monthly fee or contribution; ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫ ﺷﻬﺮي‬niṣfu šahrīyin fortnightly, semimonthly, appearing biweekly
‫ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺔ‬šahrīya monthly salary
‫ ﺷــﻬﺮة‬šuhra repute, reputation, renown, fame, famousness, celebrity;
notoriety; surname (Syr., Leb.) | ‫‘( ﺷـﻬﺮة ﻋﺎﳌﻴـﺔ‬ālamīya) world-wide renown,
worldwide fame
‫ ﺷـﻬﲑ‬šahīr widely known, well-known, famous, renowned, celebrated (‫ب‬
by a name); notorious, ill-reputed
‫ اﺷﻬﺮ‬ašhar2 better known, more widely known
‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺮة‬mušāhara pl. -āt monthly salary; pl. monthly payments, monthly
allowances; mušāharatan monthly, per month, by the month
814
‫ اﺷــﻬﺎر‬išhār announcement, proclamation, declaration; public sales,

auction; publicity, advertising | ‫اﻹﻓـﻼس‬ ‫ اﺷـﻬﺎر‬i. al-iflās notice of bankruptcy,
declaration of insolvency
‫ اﺷـﺘﻬﺎر‬ištihār repute, reputation, renown, fame, famousness, celebrity;
notoriety
‫ ﻣﺸـﻬﻮر‬mašhūr pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﲑ‬mašāhīr2 well-known, widely known, renowned,
famous, celebrated; notorious, ill-reputed; wide-spread, common; a famous,
celebrated personality, a celebrity; accepted, established, canonical (textual
variant, version of the Koran) | ‫اﳌﺸﻬﻮر‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬according to the general belief, as
it is (was) generally understood
‫ ﻣﺸ ــﻬﺮ‬mušahhar well-known, widely known, renowned, famous,
celebrated; notorious, ill-reputed
‫ ﺷـﻬﻖ‬šahaqa a i (‫ ﺷـﻬﻴﻖ‬šahīq) to bray (donkey); -- šahaqa a i and šahiqa a
(‫ ﺷـﻬﻴﻖ‬šahīq, ‫ ﺷـﻬﺎق‬šuhāq, ‫ ﺗﺸـﻬﺎق‬tašhāq) to inhale; to sigh deeply; to sob,
gulp; to moan, groan IV ‫( اﺷـﻬﻖ ﻟﺒﻜـﺎء‬bi-l-bukā’) to burst into tears, break
out into loud weeping
‫ ﺷﻬﻘﺔ‬šahqa moan(ing), groan(ing); gulping
Confidential
‫ ﺷـﻬﻴﻖ‬šahīq braying, brays (of a donkey); sobbing, sobs; sighing, sighs;
inhalation, breathing in
‫ ﺷﺎﻫﻖ‬šāhiq pl. ‫ ﺷﻮاﻫﻖ‬šawāhiq2 high, lofty, towering (building, mountain) |
‫‘( ﻋﻠﻮ ﺷﺎﻫﻖ‬ulūw) tremendous height
‫ ﺷﻮاﻫﻖ‬šawāhiq2 heights
‫ ﺷﻬﻞ‬II to accelerate, speed up, expedite (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to remove quickly, hurry
off (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺷﻬﻞ‬šahil nimble, swift, quick
‫ ﺷﻬﻠﺔ‬šuhla bluish-black color of the eyes
‫ اﺷﻬﻞ‬ašhal, f. ‫ ﺷﻬﻼء‬šahlā’2 having bluish-black eyes
‫ ﺷـﻬﻢ‬šahm, pl. ‫ ﺷـﻬﺎم‬šihām perspicacious, sagacious, astute, clever, bold,
audacious; energetic; noble, gallant, decent; gentleman
‫ ﺷــﻬﺎﻣﺔ‬šahāma perspicacity, sagacity, astuteness, cleverness; audacity,
boldness, gallantry, noble-mindedness; energy, vigor, verve; decency,
respectability
‫ ﺷﺎﻫﲔ‬pl. ‫ ﺷﻮاﻫﲔ‬look up alphabetically
815
‫ )ﺷﻬﻮ‬and ‫ ﺷﻬﺎ )ﺷﻬﻲ‬šahā u and ‫ ﺷﻬﻲ‬šahiya a (‫ ﺷﻬﻮة‬šahwa) to desire, wish,

covet, crave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), long (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.) II to make covetous, fill with desire,
allure, entice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to arouse greed, desire, appetite (‫ ه‬in s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬for s.th.);
to whet the appetite, be appetizing (food) V and VIII to be covetous, greedy,
to long (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.), crave, desire, wish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), ffeel appetite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.) |
‫( ﺷﻲء ﻻ ﻳﺸﺘﻬﻰ‬yuštahā) an undesirable thing
‫ ﺷـﻬﻮة‬šahwa pl. šahawāt greed, craving, desire, ardent wish, longing,
yearning, eagerness, passion, carnal appetite, lust; appetite
‫ ﺷﻬﻮي‬šahwī sensual, sensuous, lustful, instinctual, uninhibited
‫ ﺷـﻬﻮان‬šahwān, f. ‫ ﺷـﻬﻮى‬šahwā, pl. ‫ ﺷـﻬﺎوى‬šahāwā covetous, greedy; lewd,
lecherous, lascivious, libidinous, dissolute, debauched
‫ ﺷـﻬﻮاﱐ‬šahwānī covetous, greedy; lewd, lecherous, lascivious, libidinous,
dissolute, debauched; sensual, sensuous, lustful, instinctual, uninhibited
‫ ﺷﻬﻲ‬šahīy pleasant, agreeable, desirable; appetizing, inviting, tasty
‫ ﺷﻬﻴﺔ‬šahīya appetite | ‫ ﻓـﺎﺗﺢ اﻟﺸـﻬﻴﺔ‬or ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻔـﺘﺢ اﻟﺸـﻬﻴﺔ‬yaftaḥu) stimulating the
Confidential
appetite, appetizing; ‫ﻟﻠﻄﻌﺎم‬ ‫ ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻬﻴﺔ‬qillat aš-š. li-ṭ-ṭa‘ām want of appetite
‫ ﺗﺸﻪ‬tašahhin greed, avidity, cupidity, craving, desire
‫ اﺷــﺘﻬﺎء‬ištihā’ greed, craving, desire, dent wish, longing, yearning.
eagerness, passion, carnal appetite, lust; appetite
‫ ﻣﺸـﻪ‬mušahhin stimulating the appetite, appetizing; ‫ ﻣﺸـﻬﻴﺎت‬appetizers,
relishes, hors d’oeuvres
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻪ‬muštahin covetous, greedy, avid, craving, desirous, lustful
‫ ﻣﺸـﺘﻬﻰ‬muštahan desirable; desired, welcome, agreeable, pleasant; (pl.
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﻬﻴﺎت‬muštahayāt) that which is coveted, object of desire
‫ ﺷﺎء‬šā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ ﺷﺎة‬šāh) pl. ‫ ﺷﻮاﻩ‬šiwāh, ‫ ﺷﻴﺎﻩ‬šiyāh sheep; ewe
‫ ﺷﻮال‬šuwāl, šiwāl pl. -āt (large) sack
1‫)ﺷـﻮب‬ ‫ )ﺷـﺎب‬šāba u (šaub, ‫ ﺷـﻴﺎب‬šiyāb) to mix, blend (‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬s.th. with); to
adulterate, vitiate, contaminate, spoil, corrupt, pollute, tarnish, sully, stain,
spot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to mix, blend, intermix (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with) |‫ﺷـﺎﺋﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺸـﻮﺑﻪ‬ blameless,
flawless, unblemished, immaculate
‫ ﺷــﻮب‬šaub mixture; tarnishing, sullying, roiling, rendering turbid;
impairment, blemish, flaw; hot wind
816
‫ ﺷـﺎﺋﺒﺔ‬šā’iba pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮاﺋﺐ‬šawā’ib dirt, stains, spot, flaw, blemish, defect,

fault; suspicion, reason for suspicion, suspicious fact
‫ ﻣﺸـﻮب‬mašūb mixed; adulterated, vitiated| ‫ ﻣﺸـﻮب ﳍﻤــﻮم‬troubled with
worries
2 ‫ ﺷﺎﺑﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷﻮﺑﻖ‬šaubaq pl. ‫ ﺷﻮاﺑﻖ‬šawābiq2 rolling pin
‫ ﺷﻮﺑﻚ‬šaubak: pl. ‫ ﺷﻮاﺑﻚ‬šawābik2 rolling pin
1‫ ﺷﻮح‬II (eg.) to grill, broil, roast (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
2‫ ﺷﻮح‬šūḥ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬fir, sapin
3‫ ﺷﻮﺣﺔ‬šūḥa kite (zool.)
4‫ ﻣﺸﺎﺣﺔ‬see ‫ﺷﺢ‬
‫ ﺷﻮر‬II to make a sign, beckon, signal, wink, blink (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to point out
(‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), point (‫ اﱃ‬at) III to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬advice, seek s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬advice,
consult (‫ ه‬s.o.); to consult, take counsel (‫ ه‬with s.o.),
Confidential
‫( ﺷـﺎور ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsahū) to take counsel with o.s., reflect, bethink o.s. IV to
make a sign, beckon, signal, wink, blink (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), motion (‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ‬
s.o., ‫ ب‬to do s.th.); to ask, invite, urge (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to point, allude (‫ اﱃ‬to), hint
(‫ اﱃ‬at), indicate, point out (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), call s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬attention to (‫;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
to advice (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. of s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ان‬s.o. to do s.th.), suggest (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.
s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ان‬to s.o. to do s.th.), command, order ‫ ان‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ب‬s.o. to do s.th.);
to state, indicate (‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺸـﺎر اﻟﻴـﻪ ﻟﺒﻨـﺎن‬yušāru, banān) that which is
pointed at with the finger tips, i.e., s.th. very remarkable, s.th. outstanding;
‫( ﻣـﺎ اﺷـﺎر ﺑﻄـﺮف‬bi-ṭarfin) he did not bat an eye VI to take counsel, deliberate,
consult (‫ ﰲ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o. about) X to ask for advice (‫ ه‬s.o.), take counsel (‫ه‬
with s.o.), consult (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺷـﺎرة‬šāra pl. -āt sign, token, distinguishing mark, badge; guile, outward
appearance | ‫اﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ‬ ‫ ﺷﺎرة‬sign of the cross
‫ ﺷـﻮرى‬šūrā consultation, deliberation, taking counsel; counsel; advice |
‫ ﳎﻠﺲ اﻟﺸﻮرى‬majlis š-šūrā and ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺷﻮرى اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬ m. š. d-daula state council
817
‫ ﺷﻮري‬šūrī consultative, advisory

‫ ﻣﺸـﻮار‬mišwār pl. ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎوﻳﺮ‬mašāwīr2 errand; O stroke, (of an internal-
combustion engine; techn.) | ‫اﳌﺸـﻮار‬ ‫ ﳏـﺮك ﺛﻨـﺎﺋﻲ‬muḥarrik tunā’ī l-m. two-cycle
engine; ‫اﳌﺸﻮار‬ ‫( ﳏﺮك ر ﻋﻲ‬rubā‘ī l-m.) four-cycle engine
‫ ﻣﺸـﻮرة‬mašwara, mašūra pl. -āt consultation, deliberation, conference;
counsel, advice, suggestion
‫ ﻣﺸﺎورة‬mušāwara pl. -āt consultation, deliberation, conference
‫ اﺷــﺎرة‬išāra pl. -āt sign, motion, nod, wink, wave; gesture; signal;
indication; allusion, hint, intimation; symbolic expression; (silent) reminder;
advice, counsel, suggestion; instruction, order, command | ‫اﺷــﺎرة ﺑﺮﻗﻴــﺔ‬
(barqīya) telegram, wire, dispatch, cable(gram); ‫ اﺷـﺎرة ﺗﻠﻐﺮاﻓﻴـﺔ‬telegram, wire;
‫ اﺷـﺎرة اﳋﻄـﺮ‬i. al-kaṭar air-raid warning, alert; ‫ اﺷـﺎرة اﻟﺼـﻠﻴﺐ‬sign of the cross
(Chr.); ‫اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‬‫ اﺷـﺎرة ﺿـﺒﻂ‬i. ḍabt al-waqt (radio) time signal; ‫( اﺷـﺎرة ﻻ ﺳـﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬lā-
silkīya) radio message; ‫ ﳏﻄـﺔ اﻹﺷـﺎرات‬maḥaṭṭat al-i. signal post; ‫اﺳـﻢ اﻹﺷـﺎرة‬
ism al-i. demonstrative pronoun; ‫ وﺣـﺪات اﻹﺷـﺎرة‬waḥdat al-i. signal corps
Confidential
units (mil.); ‫اﺷﺎرﺗﻪ‬ ‫( رﻫﻦ‬rahna) at s.o.’s beck and call, at s.o.’s disposal
‫ اﺷﺎري‬išārī (mil.) signalman, member of the signal corps (Eg. 1939)
‫ اﺷﺎرﺟﻲ‬išargī (mil.) signalman, member of the signal corps (Eg.)
‫ ﺗﺸﺎور‬tašāwur joint consultation, deliberation (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with)
‫ اﺳﺘﺸـﺎرة‬istišāra pl. -āt a seeking of advice, consultation; guidance, advice
(one receives)
‫ اﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬istišārī consultative, advisory
‫ ﻣﺸﺎور‬mušāwar adviser, counselor, consultant
‫ ﻣﺸﲑ‬mušīr indicative (‫ اﱃ‬of); adviser, counselor, consultant; field marshal
(Eg.; 1933); Fleet Admiral (Eg. 1939)
‫ اﳌﺸﺎر اﻟﻴﻪ‬al-mušār ilaihi the aforementioned, the aforesaid, the said
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺸـﺎر‬mustašār adviser, counselor, consultant, councilor; chancellor;
approx.: justice (title; Eg.) | ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺸـﺎر اﻟﺴـﻔﺎرة‬counselor of embassy; ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸـﺎر‬
‫ اﳌﻔﻮﺿﻴﺔ‬m. al-mufawwaḍīya counselor of legation
‫ دار اﳌﺴﺘﺸﺎرﻳﺔ‬dār al-mustašārīya office of the chancellor, chancellery
818
1‫ ﺷﻮرب‬šaurab flycatcher (zool.)
2‫ ﺷﻮرﺑﺔ‬šōrba (eg.), šōraba (syr.) and ‫ ﺷﻮر‬soup

‫( ﺷﻮرت‬Engl.) šort short, short feature (motion pictures)
‫ﺷﻮرﻣﺔ‬
‫ اﺷـﻮس‬ašwas2, f. ‫ ﺷﻮﺳـﺎء‬šausā’2, pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮس‬šūs, ‫ اﺷـﺎوس‬ašāwis2 proud; bold,
audacious, daring, venturesome | ‫اﳊﺮب‬ ‫ ﺷﻮس‬š. al-ḥarb war heroes
1‫ ﺷﻮش‬II to muddle, confuse, confound, jumble (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), disturb (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), complicate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to be confused, confounded, muddled, jumbled,

deranged, disturbed; to feel indisposed, be ill
‫ ﺷﺎش‬šāš muslin; white cloth
‫ ﺷﺎﺷـﺔ‬šāša white cloth; ‫ اﻟﺸﺎﺷـﺔ‬aš-šāša and ‫( اﻟﺸﺎﺷـﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﻀـﺎء‬baiḍā’) (motion
picture) screen
‫ ﺷﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬šāšiya, šāšīya pl. ‫ ﺷﻮاﺷﻲ‬šawāšī a kind of headgear, cap, skullcap
‫ ﺷﻮش‬šūš Maria Theresa dollar (Nejd)
‫ ﺷﻮﺷﺔ‬šūša tuft of hair, lock; crest (of birds)
Confidential
‫ ﺷــﻮاش‬šawāš confusion, muddle, (state of) disorder, disturbance,
derangement (e.g., of the mind)
‫ ﺷﻮاﺷﻲ‬šawāšī pl. ‫ ﺷﻮاﺷﻴﺔ‬šawāšīya a maker of šāšiya’s (see above)
‫ ﺗﺸـ ــﻮﻳﺶ‬tašwīš confusion, confounding, muddling; disturbance,
derangement; ailment
‫ ﻣﺸـﻮش‬mušawwaš muddled, jumbled, befuddled, confused; disturbed,
deranged (e.g., of a sensorial function); ailing, ill | ‫ ﻣﺸـﻮش اﻟﻔﻜـﺮ‬m. al-fikr
bewildered, confused, baffled
2‫ ﺷﺎوش‬pl. ‫ ﺷﻮاش‬look up alphabetically
3‫ ﺷﺎوﻳﺶ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷﻮﺷﱪك‬šušbarak (eg.) small pastry stuffed with meat and served with milk
rice
‫ ﺷـﻮط‬šauṭ pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮط‬ašwāṭ to a goal; state, phase; round, game, half, course
(in sports and games); goal, aim |‫)اﻟﺮﻗــﻲ‬ ‫)ﻗﻄــﻊ ﺷــﻮﻃﺎ ﻛﺒ ـﲑا )ﺑﻌﻴــﺪا( ﰲ اﻟﺘﻘــﺪم‬
(taqaddum, ruqiy) and ‫( ﻗﻄـﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻴـﺪان اﻟﺮﻗـﻲ اﺷـﻮاﻃﺎ‬maidān r-ruqīy) to make
819
good progress or headway, advance in great strides, ‫ ﻗﻄـﻊ اﺷـﻮاﻃﺎ ﺷﺎﺳـﻌﺔ‬do.;

‫( ﻳﻔﻮﻗﻪ اﺷﻮاﻃﺎ‬yafūquhū) he surpasses him by far
‫ ﺷﻮاظ‬šuwāẓ flame; fire, fervor, ardor, passion
2‫ ﺷﻮف‬II to polish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to adorn, deck out (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a woman) V to look out
expectantly, longingly (‫ اﱃ‬for), look forward (‫ اﱃ‬to), expect, anticipate (‫اﱃ‬

s.th.)
‫ ﺷﻮف‬šauf harrow
‫ اﻟﺸﻮف‬aš-šūf name of an administrative district of Lebanon
‫ ﺷﻮﻓﺔ‬šaufa (colloq.) sight, spectacle, view
‫ ﺷﻮﻓﺎن‬šūfān oats
‫ )ﺷـﺎق )ﺷـﻮق‬šāqa u (šauq) to please delight (‫ ه‬s.o.), give joy (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with longing, craving, desire, arouse longing, craving, desire (‫ه‬
in s.o.) II to fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with longing, craving, desire, arouse longing,

craving, desire (‫ ه‬in s.o.) V and VIII to long, yearn (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬for), crave,
Confidential
covet, desire ardently (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﻮق‬šauq pl. ‫ اﺷﻮاق‬ašwāq longing, yearning, craving, desire, wish
‫ ﺷــﻴﻖ‬šayyiq longing, yearning, craving, desirous, covetous; brilliant,
gorgeous, splendid
‫ ﺗﺸــﻮﻳﻖ‬tašwīq arousing of desire, of longing; fascination, thrilling,
awakening of excitement, of eagerness
‫ ﺗﺸﻮق‬tašawwuq longing, yearning, desire, inclination, craving, eagerness
‫اﺷﺘﻴﺎق‬ištiyāq longing, yearning, desire, inclination, craving, eagerness
‫ ﺷــﺎﺋﻖ‬šā’iq arousing longing, stimulating desire; brilliant, gorgeous,
splendid, beautiful
‫ ﻣﺸــﻮق‬mušawwiq arousing desire or longing; thrilling, exciting,
fascinating, absorbing, stimulating, stirring, attractive, interesting; --
mušawwaq filled with longing (‫ اﱃ‬for), desirous, covetous (‫ اﱃ‬of)
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﺎق‬muštāq longing, yearning, craving, desirous, covetous
‫)ﺷـﺎك )ﺷـﻮك‬ (šauk) to sting, prick, hurt, injure, pierce (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ s.o. with a
thorn, a needle, and the like) II to be thorny; to stud (. s.th.) with thorns or
spikes; to sting, prick, hurt, injure, pierce (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ s.o. with a thorn, with a
needle) IV to sting, prick, hurt, injure
820
‫ ﺷـﻮك‬šauk (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﺷـﻮاك‬ašwāk thorns, spikes, pricks, prickles,

spines; fishbone; forks | ‫اﻟﺸﻮك‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on tenterhooks, on pins and needles
‫ ﺷـﻮﻛﺔ‬šauka (n. un.) thorn, spike, prick, prickle, spine, sting, point; tine,
prong; spur (of a rooster); fork; fishbone; furor of fighting, bravura, bravery,
valor, verve, dash, élan; might, power
‫ ﺷـﻮﻛﻲ‬šaukī thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny; spinal | ‫( اﻟﻄـﲔ اﻟﺸـﻮﻛﻲ‬ṭīn) fruit of
the Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-indica Haw.; bot.); ‫( اﳊﺒـﻞ اﻟﺸـﻮﻛﻲ‬ḥabl) spinal
cord; ‫اﳌﺨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( اﳊﻤﻰ اﻟﺸـﻮﻛﻴﺔ‬ḥummā, mukkīya) cerebrospinal meningitis (med.);
‫‘( اﻟﻌﻤــﻮد اﻟﺸــﻮﻛﻲ‬amūd) vertebral column, backbone; spine; ‫اﻟﻨﺨــﺎع اﻟﺸــﻮﻛﻲ‬
(nukā‘) spinal cord
‫ ﺷﻮك‬šawik thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny
‫ ﺷــﺎﺋﻚ‬šā’ik thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny; delicate, ticklish, critical,
difficult | ‫ﺷﺎﺋﻚ‬ ‫( ﺳﻠﻚ‬silk) pl. ‫ اﺳﻼك ﺷﺎﺋﻜﺔ‬barbed wire
‫ ﺷﻮﻛﺮان‬šaukarān poison hemlock (Conium maculatum; bot.)
1‫)ﺷـﻮل‬ ‫ )ﺷـﺎل‬šāla u (šaul) to rise, be raised, elevated; to raise, lift (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ب‬
Confidential
s.th.); to carry (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ب‬ s.th.) | ‫ﺷـﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻌﺎﻣﺘـﻪ‬ (na‘āmatuhū) he went away,
departed; he died, be is dead II to become sparse, scarce, short in supply III
to attack, assail (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to raise, lift (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to carry (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﻮل‬šawil nimble, adroit, swift, quick, expeditious (at work)
‫ ﺷـﻮال‬šawwāl pl. -āt ‫ ﺷـﻮاوﻳﻞ‬šawāwīl2, ‫ اﻟﺸـﻮال‬Shawwal, name of the tenth
month of the Muslim year
‫ ﻣﺸـﺎل‬mašāl carrying, carriage, conveyance, transportation (of loads);
porterage, carrying charges
2‫ ﺷﺎل‬pl. ‫ ﺷﻴﻼن‬look up alphabetically
3 ‫ﺷﻮال‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷﻮﻟﻘﻰ‬šaulaqī person with a sweet tooth
‫ ﺷﻮﱂ‬šaulam darnel (Lolium temulentum; bot.); a variety of vetch
1‫ﺷﺎﻣﻲ‬ ,‫ ﺷﺎم‬pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﻮم‬,‫ ﺷﻮام‬see ‫ﺷﺄم‬
2‫ ﺷﻮﻣﺔ‬šuma stick, cudgel
‫ ﺷﻮن‬II to garnmer, store (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., esp. grain)

‫ ﺷﻮن‬šūna pl. -āt, ‫ ﺷﻮن‬šuwan (eg.) storehouse, granary, shed, barn
821
‫ ﺷﻮﻧﺪر‬šawandar white beet, chard

1 ‫ﺷـﻮﻩ‬šawiha a (šawah) and ‫ ﺷـﺎﻩ‬šāha u (‫ ﺷـﻮﻩ‬šauh) to be or become ugly,
misshapen, deformed, defaced, disfigured, distorted, malformed II to
disfigure, deform, deface, distort, mar, mutilate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th., esp. the
face); to revile, slander, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.); to jam (‫ اذاﻋﺔ‬a broadcast) | ‫ﺷـﻮﻩ وﺟـﻪ‬
‫اﳊﻘﻴﻘـﺔ‬ (wajah l-ḥ) to distort the truth; ‫ﺷـﻮﻩ وﺟــﻪ وﻇﻴﻔﺘــﻪ‬ to disgrace one’s
profession V = I
‫ ﺷـ ــﻮﻩ‬šawāh ugliness, misshapenness, malformation, deformity,
disfigurement, distortion, perversion
‫ اﺷـﻮﻩ‬ašwah2, f. ‫ ﺷـﻮﻫﺎء‬šauhā’2, pl. ‫ ﺷـﻮﻩ‬šūh misshapen, malformed, ugly,
disfigured, deformed, disfeatured, defaced; distorted, perverted
‫ ﺗﺸ ــﻮﻳﻪ‬tašwīh deformation, disfigurement, defacement, mutilation;
defamation; crippledness
‫ ﺗﺸــﻮﻩ‬tašawwuh ugliness, misshapenness, malformation, deformity,
disfigurement, distortion, perversion
‫ ﺷﺎﺋﻪ‬šā’ih misshapen, malformed, ugly, disfigured, deformed, disfeatured,
Confidential
defaced; distorted, perverted
‫ ﻣﺸــﻮﻩ‬mušawwah disfigured, defaced, deformed; mutilated, maimed;
misshapen, malformed, ugly; distorted, perverted | ‫ﻣﺸـﻮﻩ اﳊـﺮب‬ m. al-ḥarb
disabled (inactive service); disabled veteran
2‫ ﺷﺎﻩ‬look up alphabetically
3‫( ﺷﺎة‬n. un.) see ‫ﺷﻮء‬
‫ ﺷﻮاﻩ‬pl. of ‫ ﺷﺎء‬see ‫ﺷﻮء‬

‫ ﺷﻮى‬šawā i (‫ ﺷﻲ‬šayy) to broil, grill, rout (‫ ﻫـ‬meat)
‫ ﺷـﻮاء‬šiwā’ broiled, or grilled, meat, and the like | ‫ ﺷـﻮاء اﻟﺴـﺠﻖ‬š. sujuq
grilled sausage
‫ ﺷﻮى‬šawīy broiled, grilled, rosted
‫ ﺷﻮاة‬šawāh pl. ‫ ﺷﻮى‬šawan scalp
‫ ﺷﻮاﻳﺔ‬šawāya gridiron, grill
‫ ﻣﺸﻮاﻩ‬mišwāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﺎو‬mašāwin gridiron, grill
1 ‫ﺷﻰ‬see ‫ﺷﻮى‬
2‫ﺷﻴﺎت‬ ,‫ ﺷﻴﺔ‬see ‫وﺷﻲ‬
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‫ )ﺷﺎء )ﺷﻴﺄ‬šā’a a (‫ ﻣﺸـﻴﺌﺔ‬mašī’a) to want; to wish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that) | ‫ان ﺷـﺎء ﷲ‬

(in) God willing; it is to be hoped; I (we) hope so; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﺷـﺎء ﷲ‬whatever
(howsoever, how long soever) God intend (used to express an indefinite
quantity, amount, number, or period of time); various, sundry, all kinds of,
God knows what; also, exclamation of surprise: amazing! that’s right! good!
bravo! ‫ اﱃ ﻣـﺎ ﺷـﺎء ﷲ‬forever and ever, for all time and time to come; ‫ﻟﻔـﻖ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫( ﺷﺎء ﻟﻪ اﻟﺘﻠﻔﻴﻖ‬laffaqa, talfīqu) to fabricate the moot outrageous lies
‫ ﺷﻲء‬šai’ pl. ‫ اﺷﻴﺎء‬ašyā’2 thing; something; (with neg.) nothing | ‫ ﺷـﻲء ﻣـﻦ‬...
some
‫( ﺷـﻲء ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺸـﺎط‬našāṭ)
a little, a certain (amount of), a considerable ...;
some activity; ‫( ﺷـﻲء ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻘﻠـﻖ‬qalaq) some uneasiness, some anxiety; ‫ﺑـﺪون‬
‫( ﺷـﻲء ﻣـﻦ اﳉﻬـﺪ‬jahd) without any effort at all; ‫( ﻫـﺬا ﺷـﻲء وذاك ﺷـﻲء آﺧـﺮ‬ākar)
this and that are two entirely different things (or matters); ‫ ﰲ اﻷﻣـﺮ ﺷـﻲء‬there
is s.th. wrong, there is a fly in the ointment; ‫ ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ba‘ḍ š. to a certain
extent, a little, somewhat; ‫ ﰲ ﺷـﻲء‬,‫ ﺑﺸـﻲء‬in negative sentences: not in any
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way; in no way, by no means, not at all, not in the least; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﻲء ﻛﺜـﲑ ﻣـﻦ‬
very, extremely, e.g., ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﻲء ﻛﺜـﲑ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﺴـﺎﻃﺔ‬basāṭa) very simple; ‫اﻟﺸـﻲء‬
‫ اﻟﻜﺜـﲑ‬the most; ‫( اﺷـﺒﻪ ﺷـﻲء ب‬ašbahu šai’in) very much like ...; ‫ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺷـﻲء‬
or ‫ﻓﺸﻴﺌﺎ‬
‫( ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬fa-šai’an) bit by bit, one after the other, by and by, gradually; ‫ﻻ‬
‫ ﺷﻲء‬a nothing, nil, nonentity; nothing (in sport scoring); ‫ اﻟﻼﺷﻲء‬the nothing;
‫ ﻻ ﺷـﻲء‬nothing (as object); ‫ ﻏـﲑ اﻟﺸـﻲء اﻟﻴﺴـﲑ‬... ‫( ﻻ‬gair š-šai’ l-yasīr) only
very little; ‫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺸﻲء‬it is nothing, it is of no consequence; ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬا ﰲ ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ذﻟﻚ‬this has absolutely nothing to do with that
‫ ﺷﻴﺌﻲ‬šai’ī objective, factual
‫ ﻻﺷﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬lā-šai’īya nonexistence, nothingness, nihility, nullity
‫ ﺷﻴﺊ‬šuyyai’ a little thing, trifle
‫ ﺷﻮﻳﺔ‬šuwayya (colloq.) a little, a bit, somewhat
‫ ﻣﺸﻴﺌﺔ‬mašī’a volition, will; wish, desire |‫ ﲟﺸﻴﺌﺔ ﷲ‬God willing
2‫)ﺷـﻴﺐ‬ ‫ )ﺷـﺎب‬šāba i (šaib, ‫ ﺷـﻴﺒﺔ‬šaiba, ‫ ﻣﺸـﻴﺐ‬mašīb) to become white-
haired, gray-haired; to turn white or gray (hair); to grow old, to age; to make
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white-haired; to bleach (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) white-haired, cause s.o.’s

(‫ )ه‬hair to turn white (grief) IV = II
‫ ﺷﻴﺐ‬šaib grayness of the hair, gray or white hair; old age
‫ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‬šaiba a variety of Artemisia (Artemisia arborescens L.; bot.)
‫ اﺷﻴﺐ‬ašyab2, f. ‫ ﺷﻴﺒﺎء‬šaibā’2, pl. ‫ ﺷـﻴﺐ‬šīb white, gray (hair); white-haired,
gray-haired (person); old, aged; old man
‫ ﻣﺸﻴﺐ‬mašīb grayness of the hair, gray or white hair; old age
‫ ﺷـﺎﺋﺐ‬šā’ib white, gray (hair); white-haired, gray-haired (person); old,
aged; old man
2‫ ﺷﺎﺑﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷﻴﺖ‬šīt pl. ‫ ﺷﻴﻮ ت‬šuyūtāt chintz. Printed calico (eg.)

1‫ ﺷـﻴﺢ‬II (tun.) to dry, blot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to turn away, avert (‫ ب‬the eyes,
one’s face, ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)

‫ ﺷﻴﺎح‬šayyāḥ blotting paper
2 ‫ ﺷﻴﺢ‬šīḥ an oriental variety of wormwood (bot.)
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‫ )ﺷﺎخ )ﺷﻴﺦ‬šāka i (‫ ﺷﻴﺦ‬šayak, ‫ ﺷﻴﻮﺧﺔ‬šuyūka, ‫ ﺷـﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬šaikūka) to age, grow
old; to attain a venerable age
‫ ﺷـﻴﺦ‬šaik, pl. ‫ ﺷـﻴﻮخ‬šuyūk, ‫ اﺷـﻴﺎخ‬ašyāk, ‫ ﻣﺸـﻴﺨﺔ‬mašyaka, ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻳﺦ‬mašāyik2,
‫ﻣﺸـﺎﺋﺦ‬ mašā’ik2 an elderly, venerable gentleman; old man; elder; chief,
chieftain, sheik, patriarch, head (of a tribe); title of the ruler of anyone of the
sheikdoms along the Persian Gulf; title of native scholars trained in the
traditional sciences such as clerical dignitaries, members of a religious
order, profesors of spiritual institutions of higher learning, etc.; master;
master of an order (Sufism); senator (parl.) | ‫اﻟﺸـﻴﺦ ارز اﲰـﺮ‬ (aruzz asmar),
‫( اﻟﺸـﻴﺦ ارز اﺑـﻴﺾ‬abyaḍ) (eg.) popular names for certain rice dishes; ‫ﺷـﻴﺦ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬
š. al-baḥr sea calf (zool.); ‫ ﺷـﻴﺦ اﻟﺒﻠـﺪ‬š. al-balad chief of a village, village
mayor; ‫ ﺷـﻴﺦ اﻟﺴـﺠﺎدة‬š. as-sajjāda title of the leaders of certain dervish orders
in their capacity of inheritors of the founder’s prayer rug; ‫ ﺷـﻴﺦ اﻹﺳـﻼم‬š. al-
islām sheikh ul-Islam, formerly, esp. in medieval Egypt, title of the Grand
Mufti, the spiritual head of Islam, later being bestowed more and more
exclusively upon the Mufti of Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire; title
of the chief mufti in Tunisia; ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺷـﻴﺦ‬inspector of police (Magr.); ‫ﻣﺸـﻴﺨﺔ‬
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‫ اﳉـﺎﻣﻊ اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ‬professoriate, or faculty, of the Great Mosque in Tunis; ‫اﻟﺸـﻴﻮخ‬

(pl. of majesty) title of a ruler among the inhabitants of Nejd; ‫ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻟﺸـﻴﻮخ‬
majlis aš-š. senate
‫ ﺷﻴﺨﺔ‬šaika pl. -āt an old, or elderly, woman, a matron
‫ ﺷﻴﺎﺧﺔ‬šiyāka position, or dignity, of a sheik
‫ ﺷﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ‬šaikūka old age, senility
‫ ﺷﻴﺨﻮﺧﻲ‬šaikūkī senile, characteristic of old age
‫ ﻣﺸـﻴﺨﺔ‬mašyaka pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻳﺦ‬mašāyik2 office, or dignity, of a sheik;
sheikdom (in general, specif., anyone of the semi-independent territories on
the Persian Gulf); an administrative subdivision (Tun.); professoriate (e.g.,
of Al Azhar)
‫ )ﺷـﺎد )ﺷـﻴﺪ‬šāda i (‫ ﺷـﻴﺪ‬šaid) to erect, set up, construct, build (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an edifice,
and the like) II = I; IV = I; ‫ ﺑـﻪ‬or ‫( اﺷـﺎد ﺑـﺬﻛﺮﻩ‬bi-dikrihī) to celebrate, praise,
commend s.o. or s.th., speak in glowing terms of s.o. or s.th.
‫ ﺷﻴﺪ‬šīd plaster (of a wall); plaster of Paris; mortar
‫ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬tašyīd erection, setting up, construction, building (of an edifice)
Confidential
‫ اﺷﺎدة‬išāda praise, commendation, extolment (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﻣﺸﻴﺪ‬mušayyad high, lofty, imposing (of a structure)
‫ ﺷﲑاز‬šīrāz2 Shiraz (city in SW Iran)
‫ ﺷﲑج‬šīraj sesame oil
‫ ﺷﲑة‬šīra a refreshment (made of fruit juice)
‫ ﺷﻴﺰوﻓﺮاﻧﻴﺎ‬šīzofrāniyā schizophrenia
1‫ ﺷـﻴﺶ‬šīš foil, rapier; jalousie, Venetian blind | ‫اﻟﺸـﻴﺶ‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ‬mu‘allim aš-š.
fencing instructor; ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺶ‬ ‫ ﻟﻌﺒﺔ‬la‘bat aš-š. fencing, swordplay
2 ‫ﺷﻴﺸﺔ‬šīša bottle of the narghile; narghile, hookah
‫ )ﺷـﺎط )ﺷـﻴﻂ‬šāṭa i (‫ ﺷـﻴﻂ‬šaiṭ) to burn (esp. food) II to burn slightly, singe,
scorch, sear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV = II; V = I; X ‫اﺳﺘﺸـﺎط ﻏﻀـﺒﺎ‬ (gaḍaban) to be or
become fuming with rage, flare up, fly off the handle
‫ ﺷﻴﻄﺎن‬II tašaiṭana to behave like a devil
‫ ﺷﻴﻄﺎن‬šaiṭān pl. ‫ ﺷﻴﺎﻃﲔ‬šayāṭīn2 Shaitan, Satan, devil, fiend
‫ ﺷـﻴﻄﺎﱐ‬šaiṭānī satanic, devilish, fiendish; demonic, demoniac, hellish,
infernal
825
‫ ﺷﻴﻄﻨﺔ‬šaiṭana devilry, villainy, dirty trick

‫ )ﺷـﺎع )ﺷـﻴﻊ‬šā‘a i (‫ ﺷـﻴﻊ‬šai‘, ‫ﺷـﻴﻮع‬ šuyū‘) to spread, be divulged, become
known, become public (news); to spread (out), diffuse (‫ ﰲ‬over); to fill,
pervade, dominate (‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th.; of a feeling); ‫ﺷــﺎع ﰲ‬ to be generally
attributable, be generally applicable to s.th.; ‫ ﺷــﺎع ﺑــﻪ‬to spread, divulge,
publicize, circulate s.th.; make s.th. known, bring s.th. to public notice II to
see (‫ ه‬s.o.) off, escort, accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bid farewell (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to pay
(‫ ه‬the deceased) the last honors; to send (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to adhere (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a
faction) | ‫ ﺷـﻴﻌﺖ اﳉﻨـﺎزة‬šuyyi‘at il-janāzatu the deceased was escorted to his
final resting place, the funeral took place III to follow (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. in), adapt
o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ه‬to s.o. in); to conform, fall in (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ه‬with s.o. in); to side ( ,‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬
‫ ه‬with s.o., with s.th. in), take sides (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬for s.o., for s.th. in) IV to
spread, divulge, publish, publicize, make known, bring to public notice,
circulate (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to side (‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ل‬with s.o., with s.th. in), take sides ( ‫ل‬
Confidential
‫ ﰲ‬for s.o., for s.th. in), join (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th., a faction), make common cause,
hold (‫ ل‬with s.o.); to become a Shiite; to pretend to be a Shiite VI to come
to an agreement (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in, about)
‫ ﺷـﻴﻌﺔ‬šī‘a pl. ‫ ﺷـﻴﻊ‬šiya‘ followers, adherents, disciples, faction, party, sect;

‫ اﻟﺸـﻴﻌﺔ‬the faction of Ali, the Shiah, the Shiites (that branch of the Muslims
who recognize Ali, the Prophet’s son-in-law, as his rightful successor), pl.
‫ اﺷﻴﺎع‬ašyā‘ adherents, followers, partisans
‫ ﺷﻴﻌﻲ‬šī‘ī Shiitic, (pl. -ūn) Shiite
‫ ﺷﻴﺎع‬šiyā‘ community (of property) (jur.)
‫ ﺷــﻴﻮع‬šuyū‘ publicity, spread, circulation (of news) | ‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﺸــﻴﻮع‬in
common, jointly, in joint possession
‫ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﻲ‬šuyū‘ī communistic, communist; (pl. -ūn) a communist
‫ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬šuyū‘īya communism
‫ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﻊ‬tašyī‘: ‫ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﻊ اﳉﻨﺎزة‬ṯ al-janāza funeral, burial
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻳﻌﺔ‬mušāya‘a partisanship, partiality
826
‫ اﺷـﺎﻋﺔ‬išā‘a spreading, publication, circulation (of news); rumor; news,

information
O ‫ اﺷﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬išā‘īya collectivism (pol.)
‫ ﺗﺸﻴﻊ‬tašayyu‘ partisanship, partiality, bias (‫ ل‬for)
‫ ﺷـﺎﺋﻊ‬šā’i‘ widespread, (well-)known, public; general, universal; common,
joint | ‫ان‬
‫ اﻟﺸـﺎﺋﻊ‬it is rumored that ...; ‫ ﺷـﺎﺋﻊ اﻟـﺬﻳﻮع‬widely known, widespread,
common; ‫ ﺷـﺎﺋﻊ اﻻﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬in general use, commonly used, generally accepted;
‫( ﻣﻠﻚ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬milk) joint property
‫ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬šā’i‘a pl. -āt, ‫ ﺷﻮاﺋﻊ‬šawā’i‘ rumor
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻳﻊ‬mušāyi‘ partial, adherent, partisan
‫ ﻣﺸــﺎع‬mušā‘ widespread; (well-)known, public; general, universal;
common, joint; joint (or collective) ownership, joint tenancy (Isl. Law);
public property, public domain
‫ ﻣﺘﺸﻴﻊ‬mutašayyi‘ partial; partisan
‫ ﻣﺸﺘﺎع‬muštā‘ partner, co-partner, co-owner
Confidential
‫ ﺷﺎف‬II to cut up, chop or slice (‫ ﻫـ‬fruit)
‫ اﺷﻴﺎف‬ašyāf (pl.) cuts, slices
‫ ﺷﻴﻮن‬šīfūn chiffon (fabric)
‫ ﺷﻴﻖ‬see ‫ﺷﻮق‬
1‫( ﺷﻴﻚ‬Fr.) šīk chic
‫ اﺷﻴﻚ‬ašyak2 very chic
2‫( ﺷﻴﻚ‬Fr. cheque) šēk, šīk pl. -āt check | ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ ﺷﻴﻚ‬traveler's check
‫( ﺷﻴﻜﻮر‬It. cicoria) šīkōriyā chicory
‫ ﺷﻴﻜﻮﻻﺗﻪ‬šīkōlāta (syr.) chocolate
1‫)ﺷﻴﻞ‬ ‫ )ﺷﺎل‬šāla , to carry, convey, transport (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to raise, elevate, lift
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺷﻴﻠﺔ‬šaila pl. -āt load, burden
‫ ﺷــﻴﺎﻟﺔ‬šiyāla carrying, carriage, conveyance, transportation (of loads);
‫ ﺷﻴﺎل‬šayyāl pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺷﻴﺎﻟﺔ‬šayyāla porter, carrier
‫ ﺷﻴﺎﻟﺔ‬šayyāla suspender
827
‫ ﻣﺸـﺎل‬mašāl carrying, carriage, conveyance, transportation (of loads);

2‫ ﺷﺎل‬pl. ‫ ﺷﻴﻼن‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷﻴﻼم‬šailām darnel (Lalium temulentum; bot.); a variety of vetch

‫ ﺷﻴﻠﻤﺎن‬šīlmān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬steel girders (ir.)
‫ ﺷﻴﻠﻲ‬šīlī Chile
‫ )ﺷﺎم )ﺷﻴﻢ‬šāma i to look out (‫ ﻫـ‬for), be on the lookout, watch; to expect (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.), hope (‫ ﻫـ‬for)
‫ ﺷـﻴﻤﺔ‬šīma pl. ‫ ﺷـﻴﻢ‬šiyam nature, temper, disposition, character; habit,
custom, practice
‫ ﺷﺎﻣﺔ‬šāma pl. -āt, ‫ ﺷﺎم‬šām mole, nevus, birthmark
‫ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬šīmīya pl. ‫ ﺷﻴﺎﻣﻲ‬šayāmī (eg.) vortex, whirlpool, eddy
‫ ﻣﺸﻴﻤﺔ‬mašīma pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﻴﻢ‬mašīm, ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﱘ‬mašāyim2 placenta
1‫)ﺷـﲔ‬ ‫ )ﺷـﺎن‬šāna i (‫ ﺷـﲔ‬šain) to disfigure, disfeature, mar, .dishonor,
Confidential
disgrace (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) | ‫( ﺷـﺎن ﲰﻌﺘـﻪ‬sum‘atahū) to detract from s.o.’s good
reputation II = I
‫ ﺷﲔ‬šain disfigurement, marring, dishonoring, disgracing; disgrace, shame
‫ ﺷﺎﺋﻦ‬šā’in dishonorable, scandalous, disgraceful
‫ ﻣﺸﲔ‬mušayyin dishonorable, scandalous, disgraceful
1‫ ﺷﲔ‬šīn name of the letter ‫ش‬
‫ ﺷﺎي‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺷﻴﺎخ‬pl. of ‫ﺷﺎء‬, see ‫ﺷﻮء‬
828
‫ص‬
‫ ص‬abbreviation of ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ṣafḥa page (of a book)
‫ ص ب‬abbreviation of ‫ ﺻـﻨﺪوق اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬ṣundūq al-barīd post-office box, p. o.
b.
‫ ﺻﺆاب‬ṣu’āb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺻﺌﺒﺎن‬ši’bān, ‫ ﺻﻴﺒﺎن‬ṣībān nit
‫ ﺻﺎﺑﻮرة‬see 2‫ﺻﱪ‬
‫ ﺻﺎﺑﻮن‬see ‫ﺻﱭ‬
‫ ﺻـﺎج‬ṣāj thin sheet iron; bread tin, baking tin | ‫( ﺻـﺎج ﻣﻀـﻠﻊ‬muḍalla‘)
corrugated iron
‫ﺻﺎح‬ yā ṣāḥi = ‫ﺻﺎﺣﱯ‬ yā ṣāḥibī
‫ ﺻﺎد‬name of the letter ‫ص‬

‫ ﺻـﺎغ‬in order, right, proper, sound, regular, standard; a rank in army and
police (intermediate between captain and major); a naval rank intermediate
between lieutenant and lieutenant commander (Eg.) | ‫ﻋﻤﻠـﺔ ﺻــﺎغ‬ (‘umla)
standard currency; ‫ﺻﺎغ‬ ‫( ﻏﺮش‬girš) standard piaster
Confidential
‫ﺻـﺎﻏﻘﻮل اﻏﺎﺳـﻲ‬ (Turk. sağkol ağasι) military rank intermediate between
captain and major (Eg.)
‫( ﺻﺎﻟﺔ‬It. sala) ṣāla pl. -āt hall, large room
‫ ﺻﺎﻟﻮن‬ṣālūn salon, parlor, reception room | ‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑـﺔ ﺻـﺎﻟﻮن‬arabat ṣ. parlor car,
club car
‫ ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ‬see ‫ ﺻﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ṣamūla
‫ ﺻﺄى‬ṣa’ā a i (‫ ﺻﺌﻰ‬ṣa’īy) to twitter, chirp (of a bird)
‫ ﺻﺐ‬ṣabba u (ṣabb) to pour, pour forth, cast, empty, fill (‫ ﰲ ﻫـ‬s.th. into); to
impose, ‫ﺑﻼء‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬balā’an) a trial upon s.o. | ‫ ﺻﺐ اﻟﻐﺎرة‬to commit an assault; -
- i (ṣabb) to be poured out, pour forth, shed, flow (‫ ﰲ‬into); to befall (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.o.), come upon s.o. (1) -- ;(‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬st pers. perf. ṣabibtu) a (‫ ﺻـﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬ṣabāba) to
love ardently (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.) V to pour forth, shed, flow; to drip, outflow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with),
be bathed (‫ ﻫـ‬in); to dissolve, melt, deliquesce | ‫‘( ﺗﺼﺒﺐ ﻋﺮﻗﺎ‬araqan) to be wet
with perspiration, break into a sweat VII to be poured out, pour forth, flow,
shed, effuse, gush out; to be intent, be bent (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬on), be out for (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or
829
‫ ;)اﱃ‬to apply o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.), study, endeavor (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to be or do
s.th.); to be aimed, directed, oriented (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at), bear upon (‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﺻـﺐ‬ṣabb pouring; casting, founding (of metal); cut; flow gush; outpour,
effusion; ardently in love, enamored
‫ ﺻﺒﻴﺐ‬ṣabīb pl. ‫ اﺻﺒﺎب‬aṣbāb declivity; slope, incline, hillside
‫ ﺻﺒﻴﺐ‬ṣabīb poured out, shed, spilled; blood; sweat, perspiration
‫ ﺻﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬ṣabāba ardent love, fervent longing
‫ ﺻﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬ṣubāba rest, remainder, remnant
‫ ﻣﺼـﺐ‬maṣabb pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎب‬maṣābb2 outlet, escape, drain; mouth (of a
river, and the like); drainpipe; funnel
‫ ﻣﺼــﺒﻮب‬maṣbūb lead (metal); pl. ‫ ﻣﺼــﺒﻮ ت‬cast-metal goods, foundry
products
1‫ ﺻﺒﺄ‬ṣaba’a a (‫ ﺻـﺒﻮء‬ṣubū’) to grow (tooth, nail), sprout (plant); -- ṣaba’a a
to turn (‫ اﱃ‬to, toward)

2‫ ﺻﺎﺑﺊ‬ṣābi’ Sabian; Mandaean, see the following
Confidential
‫ اﻟﺼـﺎﺑﺌﺔ‬aṣ-ṣābi’a the Sabians, designation of two different sects, 1) the
Mandaeans, a Judeo-Christian Gnostic, baptist sect in Mesopotomia
(Christians of St. John), used in this sense in the Koran. 2) The Sabians of
Harran, a pagan sect extant as late as the 11th century A. D.
‫ ﺻـﺒﺢ‬ṣabaḥa a (ṣabḥ) to offer a morning draught (‫ ه‬to s.o.); -- ṣabuḥa u
(‫ ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬ṣabāḥa) to be beautiful, graceful, handsome, comely, pretty; to beam,
be radiant (face) II to offer a morning draught (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to come in the
morning (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to which a good morning (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.) III ‫ﻳﺼـﺎﲝﻪ‬
‫ وﳝﺎﺳـﻴﻪ‬he attends to it mornings and evenings, he is constantly, incessantly
occupied with it IV to enter upon morning; to wake up, be awake, be in
one’s senses; to be or become clear; to become, be, or happen in the
morning; to get (‫ ﰲ‬into a situation), reach a state, come to a point where ...;
to become, grow, turn; to be | ‫( اﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﺼﺒﺎح‬ṣabāḥu) it became morning; ‫اﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺧـﲑ‬ to have a good morning, begin the day happily; ‫ﺗﺼـﺒﺢ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺧـﲑ‬
(tuṣbiḥ) porting word at night: may you he well tomorrow morning! ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻠـﻪ اذا‬
‫( اﺻـﺒﺢ وﻳﻔﻌﻠـﻪ اذا اﻣﺴـﻰ‬amsā) he does it mornings and evenings, he does it all
the time, incessantly; ‫( اﺻـﺒﺢ اﳊـﻖ‬ḥaqqu) truth has come to light; ‫ﱂ ﻳﺼـﺒﺢ ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ‬
830
he no longer did (so); ‫ ﱂ ﻳﺼـﺒﺢ ﻟـﻪ وﺟـﻮد‬it no longer existed VIII to have a
morning draught; to light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a lamp); to use for lighting (‫ ب‬s.th.)
X to begin the day
‫ ﺻﺒﺢ‬ṣubḥ pl. ‫ اﺻﺒﺎح‬aṣbāḥ dawn; daybreak; morning; (ellipt. for ‫ﺻﻼة اﻟﺼﺒﺢ‬
ṣalāt aṣ-ṣ.) morning prayer (at dawn)
‫ ﺻﺒﺤﺔ‬ṣubḥa early morning; breakfast, morning meal
‫ ﺻـﺒﺎح‬ṣabāḥ morning; ‫ ﺻـﺒﺎﺣﺎ‬ṣabāḥan in the morning | ‫ ﺻـﺒﺎح ﻣﺴـﺎء‬ṣabāḥa
masā’a in the morning and in the evening, mornings and evenings; ‫اﻟﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺎح‬
ṣabāḥ al-yaum this morning; ‫ ﺻــﺒﺎح اﳋــﲑ‬,‫ﺻــﺒﺎﺣﻚ ﳋــﲑ‬ (bi-l-kair) good
morning! ‫ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻢ‬im) do.
‫ ﺻﺒﺎﺣﻲ‬ṣabāḥī morning (adj.)
‫ ﺻﺒﺎح‬ṣubāḥ and ‫ ﺻﺒﺤﺎن‬ṣabḥān2, f. ‫ ﺻﺒﺤﻰ‬ṣabḥā pretty, comely, handsome,
beautiful, graceful
‫ ﺻﺒﻴﺢ‬ṣabīḥ pl. ‫ ﺻﺒﺎح‬ṣibāḥ pretty, comely, handsome, beautiful, graceful
‫ ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬ṣubāḥa beauty, gracefulness, grace
Confidential
‫ ﺻﺒﻴﺤﺔ‬ṣabīḥa morning
‫ ﺻﺒﻮح‬ṣabūḥ morning draught; beautiful as the early day, radiant, bright
‫ ﻣﺼـﺒﺎح‬miṣbāḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﺑﻴﺢ‬maṣābīḥ2 lamp; light, luminary (also fig.); head-
light (of an automobile) | ‫ ﻣﺼﺒﺎح اﻹﺿﺎءة‬incandescent light, light bulb; ‫ﻣﺼﺒﺎح‬
‫( ﻛﺸـﺎف‬kaššāf) searchlight; ‫( ﻣﺼـﺒﺎح ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ‬kahrabā’ī) electric light, light
bulb; ‫( ﻣﺼﺒﺎح ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋﻲ ﻳﺪوي‬yadawī) electric flashlight
‫ اﺻﺒﺎح‬iṣbāḥ morning
‫ اﺳﺘﺼﺒﺎح‬istiṣbāḥ illumination, lighting | ‫ ﻏﺎز اﻻﺳﺘﺼﺒﺎح‬illuminating gas
‫ ﻣﺼﺒﺢ‬muṣbaḥ morning
‫ ﺻـﱪ‬ṣabara i (ṣabr) to bind, tie, fetter, shackle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be patient, be
forbearing, have patience, take patience, persevere; to bear calmly, patiently,
stoutly, endure (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to refrain, abstain, desist (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), renounce (‫ﻋﻦ‬
s.th.); to hold one’s own (‫ ل‬against s.o.), withstand (‫ ل‬s.o.) II to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.)
to be patient; to admonish (‫ ه‬s.o.) to be patient; to console, comfort, solace
(‫ ﻫـ‬the heart); to make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) durable; to conserve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to preserve, can
831
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﺻـﱪ ﺑﻄﻨـﻪ‬baṯnahū; eg.) to have a snack III to vie in patience (‫ه‬
with s.o.); to bear stoutly V to be patient, be for-bearing, have or take
patience, persevere VIII = V
‫ ﺻــﱪ‬ṣabr fettering, shackling; patience, forbearance; composure,
equanimity, steadfastness, firmness; self-control, self-command, self-
possession; perseverance, endurance, hardiness | ‫ﺻـﱪا‬ ‫ ﻗﺘﻠـﻪ‬qatalahū ṣabran to
kill s.o. in captivity; ‫( ﻻ ﺻﱪ ﱄ‬ṣabra) I cannot bear it! this is unbearable! ‫ﻗﻠـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺼـﱪ‬qillat aṣ-ṣ. impatience; ‫ ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﺼـﱪ‬impatient; ‫ ﻗـﻞ ﺻـﱪﻩ‬qalla ṣabruhū to be
impatient; to lose patience; ‫ ﱂ ﻳﺒـﻖ ﰲ ﻗـﻮس ﺻـﱪي ﻣﻨـﺰع‬lam yabqa fī qausi ṣabrī
minza‘ (there is no arrow left for the bow of my patience, i.e.) my patience
is at an end
‫ ﺻﱪ‬ṣabir, ṣabr aloe (bot.)
‫ ﺻﱪة‬ṣabra severe cold
‫ ﺻﱪة‬ṣabra heap, pile; ṣubratan summarily, on the whole, in the lump
‫ ﺻﺒﺎر‬ṣabbār (very) patient, enduring, perseverant, steadfast
‫ ﺻﺒﺎر‬ṣubār Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-indica; bot.)
Confidential
‫ ﺻﱪ‬ṣubbair Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-indica; bot.)
‫ ﺻﺒﻮر‬ṣabūr pl. ‫ ﺻﱪ‬ṣubur (very) patient, enduring, perseverant, steadfast
‫ ﺻﺒﺎرة‬ṣabāra and ṣabārra severe cold
‫ ﺗﺼﺒﲑة‬taṣbira (eg.) light meal in the forenoon, a snack
‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﺑﺮة‬muṣābara long-suffering, longanimity, endurance, perseverance,
patience, forbearance
‫ اﺻﻄﺒﺎر‬iṣtibār patience, forbearance, endurance, perseverance
‫ ﺻﺎﺑﺮ‬ṣābir patient, long-suffering, enduring, perseverant, steadfast
‫ ﻣﺼﱪات‬muṣabbarāt conserves, canned goods
2‫ ﺻﱪ‬ṣabbara to ballast (‫ ه‬a ship)
‫ ﺻﺎﺑﻮرة‬ṣābūra ballast of a ship

‫ ﺻـﺒﻊ‬ṣaba‘a a (ṣab‘) to point with the finger (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬at); to insert one’s
finger (‫ ﻫﺎ‬into the hen, so as to ascertain whether she is going to lay an egg)
‫ اﺻـﺒﻊ‬iṣba‘ pl. ‫ اﺻـﺎﺑﻊ‬aṣābi‘2 finger; toe (also ‫ اﺻـﺒﻊ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬i. al.qadam); a

linear measure (Eg.; = 3.125 cm) | ‫ اﺻـﺎﺑﻊ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺒﻄـﺎﻃﺲ‬French fried potatoes;
‫ اﺻﺒﻊ اﻷﲪﺮ‬lipstick; ‫ اﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﺴﺠﻖ‬s. as-sujuq frankfurters; ‫ ﺑﺼـﻤﺔ اﻷﺻـﺎﺑﻊ‬baṣmat
832
al-a. fingerprint; ‫ ﻃـﺎﺑﻊ اﻷﺻـﺎﺑﻊ‬do.; ‫ ﻟـﻪ اﺻـﺒﻊ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻷﻣـﺮ‬he has a hand in this
matter
‫ ﺻﺒﺎع‬ṣubā‘ (eg.) finger; toe (also ‫ ﺻﺒﺎع اﻟﻘﺪم‬ṣ. al-qadam)
‫ اﺻﺒﻮع‬uṣbū‘ pl. ‫ اﺻﺎﺑﻴﻊ‬aṣābī‘ finger; toe
‫ ﻣﺼﺒﻊ‬muṣabba‘ gridiron, grill
‫ ﺻـﺒﻎ‬ṣabaga u i a (ṣabg, ṣibag) to dye, stain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a fabric), color,
tint, tinge, paint, daub (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to give s.th. (‫ )ﻫـ‬the air, touch, or appearance
(‫ ب‬of s.th.); to dip, immerse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﰲ‬in water); to baptize (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ﺻـﺒﻐﻪ‬
‫( ﺻﺒﻐﺔ‬ṣibgatan ukrā) to transform, change s.o. VIII to be dyed, be or become
colored or tinted; to be baptized, receive baptism
‫ ﺻـﺒﻎ‬ṣibg pl. ‫ اﺻـﺒﺎغ‬aṣbāg color, dye, dyestuff; pigment; (coat of) paint,
varnish; make-up, grease paint, face paint
‫ ﺻـﺒﻐﺔ‬ṣibga color, dye, dyestuff; pigment; tincture (med.); coloring, tinge,
tint, shade, hue, nuance, touch, air; nature, character; (coat of) paint,
varnish; baptism; religion | ‫ﺻــﺒﻐﺔ اﻷﻓﻴــﻮن‬ ṣ. al-afyūn tincture of opium,
Confidential
laudanum; ‫اﻟﻴـﻮد‬‫ ﺻـﺒﻐﺔ‬ṣ. al-yūd tincture of iodine; ‫( ﺻـﺒﻐﺔ ﳏﻠﻴـﺔ‬maḥallīya) local
touch, local color; ‫( اﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺒﻐﺘﻪ‬akrajahū) to change, disfigure s.o. or s.th.
O ‫ ﺻﺒﻐﻴﺎت‬ṣibgīyāt chromosomes
‫ ﺻــﺒﺎغ‬ṣibāg pl. ‫ اﺻــﺒﻐﺔ‬aṣbiga color, dye, dyestuff; spice, condiment,

seasoning, sauce
‫ ﺻﺒﺎغ‬ṣabbāg dyer
‫ ﺻﺒﺎﻏﺔ‬ṣibāga dyer’s trade, art of dyeing or staining
‫ ﻣﺼﺒﻐﺔ‬maṣbaga dyehouse, dye works
‫ ﺻﺎﺑﻎ‬ṣābig dyer; baptist | ‫( ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ اﻟﺼﺎﺑﻎ‬yūḥannā) John the Baptist
‫ ﻣﺼﺒﻮغ‬maṣbūg dyed, stained, colored, tinted; having a touch or air (‫ ب‬of);
influenced (‫ ب‬by); imbued (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﺻﱭ‬II to soap, rub with soap (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺻﺎﺑﻮن‬ṣabūn soap | ‫ ﺣﺠﺮ اﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮن‬ḥajar aṣ-ṣ. soapstone, steatite
‫ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻧﺔ‬ṣābūna (n. un.) a cake of soap
‫ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﱐ‬ṣābūnī soapy, soap-like, saponaceous, made of soap
‫ ﺻﺒﺎن‬ṣabbān soap boiler
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‫ ﻣﺼﺒﻨﺔ‬maṣbana soap works

‫ )ﺻـﺒﺎ )ﺻـﺒﻮ‬ṣabā u (ṣabw, ṣubūw, ‫ ﺻـﺒﺎ‬ṣiban, ‫ ﺻـﺒﺎء‬ṣabā’) to be a child, be
childish; -- (ṣubūw, ‫ ﺻـﺒﻮة‬ṣabwa) to bend, incline (‫ اﱃ‬to), feel sensual desire
(‫ اﱃ‬for); to strive (‫ اﱃ‬for), aspire (‫ اﱃ‬to); -- ṣabiya a (‫ ﺻﺒﺎء‬ṣabā’, ‫ ﺻﺒﺎ‬ṣiban) to
behave like a child, act in a childish manner II to rejuvenate, render youthful
again V to behave like a child, act in a childish manner; to incline to
youthful pleasures; to rejuvenesce, undergo rejuvenation, regain youth,
become young again; to woo, court (‫ ﻫــﺎ‬a woman); to tempt, entice,
captivate, charm (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬the heart) VI to behave like a child X = VI
‫ ﺻﺒﺎ‬ṣaban pl. ‫ ﺻﺒﻮات‬ṣabawāt, ‫ اﺻﺒﺎء‬aṣbā’ east wind
‫ ﺻـﱮ‬,‫ﺻــﺒﺎ‬ ṣiban childhood, boyhood, youth; youthfulness; inclination,
propensity, bent, longing, desire
‫ ﺻﺒﺎء‬ṣabā’ childhood, boyhood, youth; youthfulness
‫ ﺻــﺒﻮة‬ṣabwa youthful passion; amorous disposition; sensual desire;
childish manners
‫ ﺻــﺒﻮ‬ṣubūw youthful passion; amorous disposition; sensual desire;
Confidential
childish manners
‫ ﺻﺒﻮة‬ṣubūwa childhood, boyhood, youth; youthfulness
‫ ﺻـﱯ‬ṣabīy pl. ‫ ﺻـﺒﻴﺔ‬ṣibya, ṣabya, ‫ ﺻـﺒﻴﺎن‬ṣibyān, ṣubyān, ‫ اﺻـﺒﻴﺔ‬aṣbiya boy,
youth, lad
‫ ﺻﺒﻴﺔ‬ṣabīya pl. ‫ ﺻﺒﺎ‬ṣabāyā girl; young girl
‫ ﺻﺒﻴﺎﱐ‬ṣibyānī boyish, childlike; childish, puerile; children’s
‫ ﺻﺎب‬ṣābin youthful, juvenile thoughtless, rash
‫ ﺻﱯ‬see ‫ﺻﺒﻮ‬
‫ ﺻـﺢ‬ṣaḥḥa i (‫ ﺻـﺤﺔ‬ṣiḥḥa, ‫ ﺻـﺤﺎح‬ṣaḥāḥ) to be healthy; to be all right, be in
order; to recover, recuperate (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to heal (of a wound); to be sound,
strong, vigorous, firm, right, correct, faultless, unimpaired, unblemished; to
be firm, unshakable (resolution); to be admissible, permissible; to be true,
authentic, certain, sure; to prove true, turn out to be true; to hold good. go
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for), apply (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), b. true (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of); to result or follow definitely (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from); to be a fact, turn out (‫ ل‬for); to become a fact; to be successful, work
out well (‫ ل‬for s.o.); to fall to s.o. or to s.o.’s share (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ل( | ﺻﺤﺖ ﻋﺰﳝﺘﻪ‬or
‫‘( ﺻـﺢ ﻋﺰﻣـﻪ‬azmuhū) he was firmly resolved to ..., his mind was made up to
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...; ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ ﻳﺼـﺢ اﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎد‬it may serve as a basis; ‫ ﻳﺼـﺢ ان ﻳﻘـﺎل ﻓﻴـﻪ‬it is rightly said
of him ...; ‫ ﺻﺢ ﰲ اﻷذﻫﺎن‬to appear right, adequate, reasonable II to restore, to
health, cure, heal (‫ ه‬s.o.); to correct, emend, rectify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to prepare, a
critical edition (‫ ﻫـ‬of a text); to legalize, authenticate (‫ ﻫـ‬a document), certify,
confirm, attest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the authenticity of a document), sign (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a document); to
impose one’s signature, undersign (magr.) V to undergo correction,
emendation, rectification, be corrected, emended, rectified X to regain
health; to recover, recuperate (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ ﺻ ــﺤﺔ‬ṣiḥḥa health; hygiene; faultlessness, rightness, soundness,
correctness; truth, genuineness, verity, veracity, credibility, authenticity;
validity; legal validity, legality | ‫‘( وزارة اﻟﺼـﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬umūmīya) Ministry of
Public Health (Eg.)
‫ ﺻــﺤﻲ‬wholesome, salubrious, healthy, healthful (diet, and the like);
sanitary; hygienic | ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫( اﶈﺠﺮ‬maḥjar) quarantine
‫ ﺻــﺤﻴﺢ‬pl. ‫ ﺻــﺤﺎح‬ṣiḥāḥ, ṣiḥāḥ, ‫ اﺻــﺤﺎء‬aṣiḥḥā’2 healthy, well, sound,
Confidential
healthful; complete, integral, perfect; whole, entire, undivided; right,
correct, proper; true, veritable, actual, real; authentic, genuine, truthful,
reliable, credible, believable; valid, legally valid, legal, lawful, rightful;
strong (gram.; of a consonant, a verb) | ‫( ﲨـﻊ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ‬jam‘) sound plural
(ending in ‫ ون‬-ūn or ‫ ات‬-āt; gram); ‫‘( ﻋﺪد ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬adad) whole number, integer
(math.); ‫ اﻧﻪ‬... ‫( ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬annahū) he was (he is) …, he was (he is), it is true, …
‫ اﺻـﺢ‬aṣaḥḥ2 sounder, healthier; more correct, more proper | ‫او ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻷﺻـﺢ‬
or more properly speaking
‫ اﺻﺤﺎح‬aṣḥāḥ, iṣḥāḥ chapter of the Holy Scriptures (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺼﺢ‬maṣaḥḥ pl. -āt sanatorium; health retreat, sanitarium
‫ ﻣﺼﺤﺔ‬maṣaḥḥa that which promotes or is conducive to health; sanatorium
‫ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬taṣḥīḥ correction, rectification; emendation, critical revision
‫ ﻣﺼﺤﺢ‬muṣaḥḥiḥ O vernier (of a range finder) | ‫( اﳌﺼﺤﺢ اﺳﻔﻠﻪ‬asfalahū) the
undersigned
‫ ﺻـﺤﺐ‬ṣaḥiba a (‫ ﺻـﺤﺒﺔ‬ṣuḥba, ‫ ﺻـﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ṣaḥāba, ṣiḥāba) to be or become a
companion, an associate, a comrade, a friend (‫ ه‬of s.o.), make or become
friends, be friends (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to associate, have social intercourse (‫ ه‬with
835
s.o.); to accompany, escort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be closely associated (‫ ه‬with s.o.) III

= I; to keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) company IV to send along, delegate as companion or
escort (‫ه‬ ‫ ه‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.o. s.o. else or s.th.) VI to have social intercourse,
associate (‫ ﻣــﻊ‬with); to become friends, be friends (‫ ﻣــﻊ‬with) VIII to
accompany, escort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to take (‫ ه‬s.o.) as companion or escort, have o.s.
escorted or accompanied (‫ ه‬by s.o.): to take along (‫ ه‬s.th., ‫ ه‬a companion)
X to take a companion or escort, take along
‫ ﺻــﺤﺒﺔ‬ṣuḥba friendship, companionship, comradeship; accompanying,
company, escort; association, intercourse; friends, companions, associates,
comrades; (eg.) nosegay, bunch of flowers: ṣuḥbata accompanied by; with |
‫( ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﻫﺬا‬ṣuḥbata) herein enclosed
‫ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬aṣ-ṣaḥāba the Companions of the Prophet Mohammed
‫ ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‬ṣaḥābī a Companion of the Prophet Mohammed
‫ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬muṣāḥaba accompanying, company, escort
‫ اﺻﻄﺤﺎب‬iṣṭiḥāb accompanying, company, escort; association
Confidential
‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ṣāḥib pl. ‫ اﺻﺤﺎب‬aṣḥāb, ‫ ﺻﺤﺐ‬ṣuḥub, ‫ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ṣaḥāba, ‫ ﺻﺤﺒﺎن‬ṣuḥbān,
‫ ﺻـﺤﺒﺔ‬associate, companion, comrade, friend; adherent, follower; the other
(of two); (with foll. genit.) man, owner, possessor, holder, master, lord,
commander, representative, author or originator of …; entrusted with;
addicted or given to; ‫ﺻـﺎح‬ yā ṣāḥi = ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﱯ‬ yā ṣāḥibī| ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬ṣ. al-
amr ruler, master, overlord, sovereign; ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺒـﻮاﺧﺮ‬ shipowner; ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ اﳉﻼﻟﺔ‬ṣ. al-jalāla His Majesty; ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺣﺎل‬the noun to which a circumstantial
phrase (ḥāl) refers; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬ṣ. ad-daula (formerly) title of the Prime
Minister (Eg.); ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺴـﺠﺎدة‬ṣ. as-sajjāda title of the leaders of certain
dervish orders in their capacity of owners of the founder’s prayer rug;
‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺴـﻌﺎدة‬ṣ. as-sa‘āda title of a pasha; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺴـﻤﺎﺣﺔ‬ṣ. as-samāḥa title
of a mufti, approx. “His Eminence”; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﺴـﻤﻮ اﳌﻠﻜـﻲ‬ṣ. as-sumūw al-
malakī His Royal Highness; ‫ اﺻـﺤﺎب اﻟﺸـﺄن‬a. aš-ša’n those concerned; the
important, influential people; ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎت‬ ‫ اﺻﺤﺎب‬a. aš-šubuhāt dubious persons,

people of ill repute; ‫( ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻄﺒـﻊ‬formerly) Keeper of the Seal (of the Bey
of Tunisia); ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌـﺰة‬ṣ. al-‘izza title of a bey; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﺔ‬ṣ. al-‘aẓama
836
His Majesty; ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﳌﻌﺎﱄ‬ṣ. al-ma‘ālī title of a cabinet minister; ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
ṣ. al-‘amal employer; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻐﺒﻄـﺔ‬ṣ. al-gibṭa title of the Coptic Patriarch;
‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﻴﻠﺔ‬ title of Islamic theologians and sheiks, such as Rector and
Professors of Al Azhar University; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ‬ṣ. al-fikra father to the thought,
the originator of an idea; ‫( ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﳌﻘـﺎم اﻟﺮﻓﻴـﻊ‬ṣ. al-maqam) formerly, title
bestowed on bearers of the order ‫ اﻟﻘﻼدة‬established by Fuad I in 1936
‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬ṣāḥiba pl. -āt, ‫ ﺻﻮاﺣﺐ‬ṣawāḥib2, ‫ ﺻـﻮاﺣﺒﺎت‬ṣawāḥibāt fem. of ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ‬
woman companion. etc. | ‫اﳉﻼﻟـﺔ‬‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬ṣ. al-jalāla Her Majesty; ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺒﺔ اﻟﺴـﻤﻮ‬
‫ اﳌﻠﻜـﻲ‬ṣ. as-sumūw al-malakī Her Royal Highness; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺼـﻤﺔ‬ṣ. al-‘iṣma
title of a lady of high social standing
‫ ﺻﻮﳛﺐ‬ṣuwaiḥib friend (diminutive of ‫)ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ ﺻﻮﳛﺒﺔ‬ṣuwaiḥiba pl. -āt girl friend (diminutive of ‫)ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺼـﺤﻮب‬maṣḥūb accompanied (‫ ب‬by); attended (‫ ب‬with); associated (‫ب‬
with); provided (‫ ب‬with)
Confidential
‫ اﺻـﺤﺮ‬aṣḥar2 f. ‫ ﺻـﺤﺮاء‬ṣaḥrā’2 desertlike; of the color of desert sand;
desolate, bleak
‫ ﺻـﺤﺮاء‬ṣaḥrā’2 pl. ‫ ﺻـﺤﺎر‬ṣaḥārin, ‫ ﺻـﺤﺎري‬ṣaḥārā, ‫ ﺻـﺤﺮوات‬ṣaḥrawāt desert,
steppe
‫ ﺻﺤﺮاوي‬ṣaḥrāwī desert, desolate, waste | ‫( اراض ﺻﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ‬arāḍin) desert areas
‫ ﺻﺤﺎرة‬ṣaḥāra pl. ‫ ﺻﺤﺎﺣﲑ‬ṣaḥāḥīr2 case, chest, crate, box
‫ ﺻـﺤﻒ‬II to misplace the diacritical marks; to misread, mispronounce,
misspell (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a word); to misrepresent, distort, twist (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a report, etc.) V to be
misread or misspelled (word)
‫ ﺻﺤﻔﺔ‬ṣaḥfa pl. ‫ ﺻﺤﺎف‬ṣiḥāf bowl, dish, platter
‫ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ṣuḥaifa saucer
‫ ﺻــﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ṣaḥīfa pl. ‫ ﺻــﺤﻒ‬ṣuḥuf, ‫ ﺻــﺤﺎﺋﻒ‬ṣaḥā’if2 leaf (in a book or
notebook), page; newspaper, paper, daily, journal; epidermis; surface;
exterior | ‫اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء‬ ‫( اﻟﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬baiḍā’) honorable name, honor
‫ ﺻـﺤﻔﻲ‬ṣuḥufī newspaper-, news-, press- (in compounds), journalistic; (pl.
-ūn) newspaperman, journalist | ‫ﺻﺤﻔﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﺆﲤﺮ‬mu’tamar) press conference
837
‫ ﺻﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ṣiḥāfa journalism, news business; the press

‫ ﺻﺤﺎﰲ‬ṣaḥāfī journalistic; journalist, newspaperman, newsman
‫ ﺻﺤﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ṣiḥāfīya woman journalist
‫ ﻣﺼـﺤﻒ‬maṣḥaf, muṣḥaf pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﺣﻒ‬maṣāḥif2 volume; book; copy of the
Koran (‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫)ﻣﺼﺤﻒ‬
‫ ﺗﺼـﺤﻴﻒ‬taṣhīf misplacement of the diacritical marks; misspelling, slip of
the pen; (grammatical) mistake; misrepresentation, distortion
‫ ﺻﺤﻞ‬ṣaḥal raucous voice
1‫ ﺻـﺤﻦ‬ṣaḥn pl. ‫ﺻـﺤﻮن‬ ṣuḥūn bowl, dish; plate; dish, meal, food; yard,
courtyard; surface, plane; disk; (pl. ‫ اﺻـﺤﻨﺔ‬aṣḥina) phonograph record, disc
(tun.) | ‫ ﺻﺤﻦ اﻟﺪار‬courtyard, patio; ‫ ﺻﺤﻦ اﻟﺴﺠﺎر‬ashtray; ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻـﺤﻦ اﳋـﺪ‬ṣ. il-
kadd) on the (surface of the) cheek
‫ ﻣﺼﺤﻮن‬maṣḥūn ground, brayed, pounded, crushed, grated
2‫ ﺻﺤﻨﺎة‬ṣaḥnāh sardine
(‫ ﺻـﺤﻮ‬and ‫ ﺻـﺤﻲ( ﺻـﺤﺎ‬ṣaḥā u (ṣaḥw) and ‫ ﺻـﺤﻲ‬ṣaḥiya a (‫ ﺻـﺤﺎ‬ṣaḥan) to
Confidential
be or become clear, bright, cloudless, serene (day, sky); -- (‫ ﺻـﺤﻮ‬ṣaḥw,
ṣuḥuw) to regain consciousness, come to; to recover (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from intoxication),
sober up; to wake up, awake (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from sleep); to become alert (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.),
become aware (‫ اﱃ‬of s.th.) II to wake up, awaken, rouse (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to be or
become clear, bright, cloudless, serene (day, sky); to wake up, awaken,
rouse (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺻـﺤﻮ‬ṣaḥw cloudlessness, brightness serenity (of the weather); clarity,
alertness of the mind, consciousness; bright, serene, cloudless, sunny
(weather)
‫ ﺻ ــﺤﻮة‬ṣaḥwa awakening, recovery of consciousness; state of
consciousness
‫ ﺻـﺎح‬ṣāḥin bright, serene, cloudless, clear (weather); -- (pl. -ūn, ‫ﺻـﺤﺎة‬
ṣuḥāh) awake, wakeful, watchful, alert, vigilant; conscious; sober
‫ ﺻـﺨﺐ‬ṣakiba a (ṣakab) to shout, cry, yell, clamor, roar, bellow; to scold
(‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to rage, roar, be loud VIII to raise a din, roar
simultaneously, be tumultuous, resound in utter confusion, rage
‫ ﺻـﺨﺐ‬ṣakab shouting, roar(ing), bellowing, yelling, clamor, din, hubbub;
cry, outcry, yell; raging
838
‫ ﺻﺨﺐ‬ṣakib crying, yelling, noisy, clamoring, vociferous, roaring, raging

‫ ﺻﺨﺎب‬ṣakkāb clamorous, boisterous, roaring, bellowing, raging
‫ اﺻـﻄﺨﺎب‬iṣtikāb noise, din, clamor, hubbub, uproar, tumult, turmoil, roar,
raging
‫ ﺻـﺎﺧﺐ‬ṣākib loud, noisy, clamorous, boisterous, vociferous, tumultuous,
roaring, raging |‫ﺻﺎﺧﺒﺔ‬ ‫( ﻗﻮة‬qūwa) power of the voice
‫ ﻣﺼﻄﺨﺐ‬muṣṭakab noise, din, hubbub, tumult, raging, roar(ing)
‫ ﺻـﺨﺮ‬ṣakr (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﺻـﺨﻮر‬ṣukūr, ‫ ﺻـﺨﻮرة‬ṣukūra, ‫ ﺻـﺨﺮات‬ṣakarāt
rocks, solid rock, boulders, rock formations; pl. ‫ ﺻﺨﻮر‬rock (geol.)
‫ ﺻـﺨﺮة‬ṣakra boulder, rock | ‫ ﻗﺒـﺔ اﻟﺼـﺨﺮة‬qubbat aṣ-ṣ. the Dome of the Rock,
the Mosque of Omar (in Jerusalem)
‫ ﺻﺨﺮي‬ṣakrī rocky, stony
‫ ﺻﺨﺮ‬ṣakir rocky, stony
‫ ﺻـﺪ‬ṣadda u (ṣadd) to turn away, alienate, discourage, divert, deter,
restrain, reject, send away (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from); to dissuade (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from his
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desire); to repel, parry, ward off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., an attack); to hinder, prevent
(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from); to impede, hamper, stop, bring to a standstill (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
resist, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫( ﻻ ﻳﺼـﺪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬naẓara) it does not offend the eye, it is
nice to look at; -- i u (ṣadd, ‫ ﺻـﺪود‬ṣudūd) to turn away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), turn one’s
back (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬on s.o., on s.th.); to stay away, remain aloof (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.th.) II to
suppurate, maturate, fester IV do. V to face, confront (‫ ل‬s.o.)
‫ ﺻـﺪ‬ṣadd averting, turning away; checking, stopping; repulsion, rejection;
hindering, impeding, obstruction, prevention; resistance, aversion,
reluctance
‫ ﺻـﺪد‬ṣadad nearness, proximity; intention, purpose, design, aim; respect,
regard, relation, concern, subject, matter; topic (of a discussion); ṣadada
(prep.) opposite, in front of | ‫ﺻﺪد‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬and ‫ ﺑﺼـﺪد‬opposite, in front of; ‫ﰲ ﺻـﺪد‬
concerning, regarding, re, with respect to; ‫ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺼـﺪد‬in this respect, with
regard to this, with relation to this, on this occasion, in this connection; ‫ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺼـﺪد اﻣـﺮ‬ he is currently busy with s.th., he is at present occupied with a
839
matter; ‫ﺑﺼﺪدﻩ‬ ‫( ﻧﺮﺟﻊ اﱃ ﻣﺎ ﳓﻦ‬narji‘) we return to what is our present concern

or to what we are just discussing
‫ ﺻﺪﻳﺪ‬ṣadīd pus, matter
‫ ﺻﺪﻳﺪي‬ṣadīdī suppurative, purulent, festering
‫ ﺻـﺪئ‬ṣadi’a a (‫ ﺻـﺪأ‬ṣada’) and ‫ ﺻـﺪؤ‬ṣadu’a u (ṣadā’a) to become or be
rusty, rust, oxidize II = I; to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) rusty, cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to rust,
corrode (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺻﺪأ‬ṣada’a rust; oxidation; smut, rust (plant disease)
‫ ﺻﺪاءة‬ṣadā’a rustiness
‫ ﺻﺪئ‬ṣadi’a rusty, rust-covered; dirty, mean, shabby
‫ ﻣﺼﺪأ‬maṣda’ rusty, rust-covered
‫ ﺻـﺪح‬ṣadaḥa a (ṣadḥ, ‫ ﺻـﺪاح‬ṣudāḥ) to chant, sing; to play (‫ ب‬a song, a
tune)
‫ ﺻﺪح‬ṣadaḥ banner
‫ ﺻﺪﺣﺎت‬ṣadaḥāt (musical) strains
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O ‫ ﺻﺎدح‬ṣādiḥ note raised a semitone, a sharp (mus.)
‫ ﺻﺪر‬ṣadara a i (‫ ﺻﺪور‬ṣudūr) to go out, step out (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬of, from within);
to proceed, emanate, arise, originate, stem (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), have its origin
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬in); to come out, be issued, be promulgated (order, ordinance,
law); to appear, be published (book); to leave, go out (mail); to go (‫ اﱃ‬to); to
happen, occur, come to pass; pass. ṣudira to have a chest complaint | ‫ﺻـﺪر‬
‫( ﻋـﻦ اﳉـﺪ‬jidd) to set about seriously, get to work earnestly; ‫ ﺻـﺪر ﻋـﻦ ارادﺗـﻪ‬to
act on one’s own volition II to send, send off, dispatch, forward (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
export (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to publish, bring out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a book); to preface (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a book); to
introduce, commence (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬a book with) III to seize, impound, confiscate
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to urge, press, oppress (s.o.), throw obstacles in s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬way IV
to send, send out, dispatch (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to export (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to issue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g.,
banknotes, bonds), make out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a passport); to publish, bring out
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a book); to give, issue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an order); to pronounce, pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
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legal sentence); to utter, express (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an opinion, a view) V to be sent, be

dispatched; to preside (‫ ﻫـ‬over), head (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a group); to have a front seat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at a
social gathering); to resist, oppose (‫ ل‬s.o.), throw obstacles in s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬way,
stand in s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬way X to bring about, obtain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., esp. ‫ ﺣﻜﻤﺎ‬ḥukman a
legal judgment or sentence); to issue (marsūman an ordinance)
‫ ﺻـﺪر‬ṣadr pl. ‫ ﺻـﺪور‬ṣudūr chest, breast, bust; bosom, heart; front part,
front; part, portion; first hemistich; leader, commander; beginning, start,
outset, commencement, inception; early period, beginnings, dawn (fig.) |
‫ ﺻﺪر اﻟﺪار‬one who occupies the highest position in the house, who plays first
fiddle in the house; ‫( ﺻــﺪر رﺣــﺐ‬raḥb) generosity, magnanimity; open-
mindedness, broadmindedness, liberality, frankness, candor; ‫ﺻـﺪر اﻹﺳــﻼم‬

early period of Islam, early Islam; ‫ اﻟﺼـﺪر اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ‬title of the Grand Vizier in
the Ottoman Empire; grand vizier (Mor.); ‫ ﺻــﺪر اﳌﻜــﺎن‬ṣ. al-makān the
foremost part of a room; ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬‫ ﺻﺪر‬ṣ. an-nahār daybreak, beginning of the

day; ‫ اﺑـﻮ ﺻـﺪر‬robin (zool.); ‫ ﺑﻨـﺎت اﻟﺼـﺪر‬banāt aṣ-ṣ. worries, anxieties,
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apprehensions; ‫ ب اﻟﺼـﺪر‬front door; ‫ ذات اﻟﺼـﺪر‬chest complaint; bottom of
the heart, secret thoughts; ‫ رﺣـﺐ اﻟﺼـﺪر‬raḥb aṣ-ṣ. generous, magnanimous;
open-minded, broad-minded, liberal; free of misgivings, unhesitating; ‫رﺣﻴﺐ‬

‫اﻟﺼـﺪر‬ ‫ ﺿــﻴﻖ اﻟﺼـﺪر‬ḍayyiq aṣ-ṣ. annoyed, angry (‫ ب‬at); disgruntled,
do.;
depressed; ‫ ﻣﻨﻘـﺒﺾ اﻟﺼـﺪر‬munqabiḍ aṣ-ṣ. dejected, low-spirited, crestfallen;
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﺪر‬makānat aṣ-ṣ. first place, precedence, priority; ‫واﺳﻊ اﻟﺼﺪر = رﺣﺐ‬
‫( اﻟﺼﺪر; ﺻﺪرا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬zamān) quite a stretch of time, for some time; ‫ﰲ اﻟﺼـﺪر‬
in the foreground; ‫( ﺳـﺨﻢ ﺑﺼـﺪرﻩ‬sakkama) to irritate s.o., make s.o. angry;
‫ اﻧﺸـﺮح ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬inšaraḥa ṣadruhū to be gladdened, be pleased, be cheered, be
happy, rejoice
‫ ﺻــﺪري‬ṣadrī pectoral, chest (used attributively) | ‫( ﻧﺰﻟــﺔ ﺻــﺪرﻳﺔ‬nazla)
bronchitis
‫ ﺻﺪرة‬ṣudra vest, waistcoat; camisole, (under)waist, bodice
‫ ﺻﺪﻳﺮي‬ṣudairī and ‫ ﺻﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬pl. -āt vest, waistcoat; bodice
‫ ﺻﺪار‬ṣidār vest, waistcoat; (under-)waist, bodice
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‫ ﺻـﺪارة‬ṣadāra, ṣidāra precedence; presidency, chairmanship; first place,

pre-eminence; grand vizierate, office, chancellery, or position, of the Grand
Vizier (Mor.)
‫ ﺻــﺪور‬ṣudūr coming out, appearance, publication (e.g., of a book),
issuance (e.g., of an ordinance)
‫ ﻣﺼـﺪر‬maṣdar pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎدر‬maṣādir starting point, point of origin; origin,
source (fig.); (gram.) infinitive, verbal noun; absolute or internal object
‫ ﺗﺼــﺪﻳﺮ‬taṣdīr sending (off), dispatch, forwarding; exportation, export;
preface, foreword (of a book); issuance
‫ ﻣﺼﺎدرة‬muṣādara seizure, confiscation
‫ اﺻـﺪار‬iṣdār exportation, export; issue, issuance, bringing out, edition,
publication; making out, issuance | ‫اﻻﺻﺪار‬ ‫ ﻣﺼﺮف‬maṣrif al-i. bank of issue
‫ اﺳﺘﺼﺪار‬istiṣdār issue, making out; issuance
‫ ﺻﺎدر‬ṣādir going out, emanating, originating; issued, come out, published,
etc.; exportation, export; yield; ‫ اﻟﺼﺎدرات‬export goods, exports
‫ ﻣﺼـﺪور‬maṣdūr affected with a pectoral ailment, phthisical, consumptive,
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tubercular
‫ ﻣﺼﺪر‬maṣdar export merchant, exporter
‫ ﺻـﺪع‬ṣada‘a a (ṣad‘) to split, cleave, part, sunder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to crack, break
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬an object), cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an object) to crack; to break (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through obstacles),
conquer, overcome, surmount (‫ ﻫـ‬obstacles, difficulties) | ‫ﳊﻖ‬ ‫( ﺻﺪع‬ḥaqq) to
come out openly with the truth; ‫ﻣـﺮ‬ ‫( ﺻـﺪع‬amr) to execute an order, comply
with an order; pass. sudi‘a to have or get a headache II to cause a headache
(‫ ه‬to s.o.); to molest, harass, trouble (‫ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬kāṭirahū s.o.); pas. ṣuddi‘a to
have or get a headache V to get split, let cleft, come apart, burst, break,
crack; to go to pieces; to reel, waver, be shaken; to separate (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), part
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with) VII to get split, get cleft, come apart, break, crack; to be rudely
interrupted; to break, dawn (morning)
‫ ﺻﺪع‬ṣad‘ pl. ‫ ﺻﺪوع‬ṣudū‘ crevice, fissure, crack, break, rift, cleft
‫ ﺻﺪاع‬ṣudā‘ headache
‫ ﻣﺼﺪوع‬maṣdū‘ having a crack, cracked, broken
‫ ﺻـﺪغ‬ṣudg pl. ‫ اﺻـﺪاغ‬aṣdāg temple (anat.); earlock, lovelock (also ‫ﻗﺼـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺼﺪغ‬quṣṣat aṣ-ṣ.)
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‫ ﺻﺪﻏﻲ‬ṣudgī temporal (anat.)

‫ ﺻـﺪف‬ṣadafa i u (ṣadf, ‫ ﺻـﺪوف‬ṣudūf) to turn away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), avoid, shun
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.); -- i (ṣadf) to turn (‫ ه‬s.o.) away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), discourage,
restrain, deter (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from); to happen by chance III to find (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), meet (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to meet unexpectedly, by chance (‫ ه‬s.o.),
light (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬on), come across s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)ﻫ ـ‬, run into s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)ﻫ ـ‬,
encounter (‫ﻫ ـ‬, s.o., s.th.); to coincide, be coincident, concur (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to
fall (‫ ﻫـ‬on a given date); to happen by chance, come to pass (‫ ان‬that) | ‫ﺻﺎدف‬
‫ اﻻﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎن‬to meet with approval; ‫( ﺻﺎدف ﳏﻠﻪ‬maḥallahū) to come in handily,
be convenient, be opportune V to turn away (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), avoid, shun (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o.,
s.th.) VI to happen by chance, come to pass
‫ ﺻﺪف‬ṣadaf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﺻـﺪاف‬aṣdāf pearl oyster, sea shell, conch |
‫ ﺻﺪﻓﺔ اﻻذن‬ṣ. al-udun external ear, auricle, pinna
‫ ﺻﺪف‬ṣadaf, ‫ ﻣﺮض اﻟﺼـﺪﻓﻴﺔ‬maraḍ aṣ-ṣadafīya a noncontagious skin disease,
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psoriasis (med.)
‫ ﺻﺪﰲ‬ṣadafī sea-shell, shell (adj.); nacreous, mother-of-pearl (adj.)
‫ ﺻـﺪﻓﺔ‬ṣudfa pl. ‫ ﺻـﺪف‬ṣudaf chance, haphazard, coincidence, unexpected
concurrence; ‫ ﺻﺪﻓﺔ‬ṣudfatan by chance, by coincidence, accidentally | ‫ﻟﺼﺪﻓﺔ‬
or ‫اﻟﺼـﺪﻓﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬by chance, by coincidence, accidentally; as chance will have
it, haphazardly
‫ ﻣﺼــﺎدﻓﺔ‬muṣādafa pl. -āt encounter, meeting; chance, haphazard,
coincidence, unexpected concurrence; muṣādafatan by chance, by
coincidence, accidentally
‫ ﻣﺼﺎدف‬muṣādif corresponding (‫ ل‬to), concurrent (‫ ل‬with a date of another
chronological system), coincident (‫ ل‬with), falling (‫ ل‬on a given date)
‫ ﺻـﺪق‬ṣadaqa u (ṣadq, ṣidq) to speak the truth, be sincere; to tell (‫ ه‬s.o.)
the truth (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬about); to prove to be true, turn out to be correct, come true; to
be right; to fit exactly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. or s.th.), apply (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), hold true (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of) |
‫ وﻋـﺪﻩ‬or ‫( ﰲ وﻋـﺪﻩ‬fī wa‘dihī or wa‘dahū) to keep, or fulfill, one’s promise;
‫( ﺻـﺪﻗﻪ اﻟﻨﺼـﻴﺤﺔ‬naṣīḥata) to advice s.o. sincerely; ‫( ﺻـﺪﻗﻪ اﳊـﺐ‬ḥubba) to love
843
s.o. sincerely, truly II to deem (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.) credible, accept (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) as
true, give credence (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), believe, trust (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
consider or pronounce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to be true, right, correct or credible; to
believe (‫ ب‬in); to give one’s consent, to consent, assent, agree (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.th.),
approve (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.th.), grant, license, sanction, certify, confirm, substantiate,
attest, ratify, authenticate, legalize, verify (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻳﺼـﺪق‬
‫( ﻻ‬yuṣaddaqu)
incredible, unbelievable, unreliable, untrustworthy; ‫ ﺻـﺪق او ﻛـﺬب‬ṣaddiq au
kaddib (as an affirmative parenthesis) believe it or not III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) &s
a friend; to maintain one’s friendship (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be or become friends
(‫ ه‬with s.o.), befriend (‫ ه‬s.o.); to give one’s consent, to consent, assent,
agree (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬to s.th.), approve (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), grant, license, sanction, certify,

confirm, substantiate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to legalize, authenticate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a signature,
etc.) IV to fix a (bridal) dower (‫ ﻫﺎ‬for a woman) V to give alms (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.);
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to give as alms, donate (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o., ‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﺻــﺪق‬ṣidq truth, trueness, truthfulness; sincerity, candor; veracity,
correctness (of an allegation); efficiency; ‫ ﺻﺪﻗﺎ‬ṣidqan truly, really, in truth
‫ ﺻـﺪﻗﺔ‬ṣadaqa pl. -āt alms, charitable gift; almsgiving, charity, voluntary
contribution of alms, freewill offering; legally prescribed alms tax (Isl. Law)
| ‫اﻟﻔﻄﺮ‬‫ ﺻﺪﻗﺔ‬ṣ. al-fiṭr almsgivings at the end of Ramadan (Isl. Law)
‫ ﺻـﺪاق‬ṣadāq, sidāq pl. ‫ ﺻـﺪق‬ṣuduq, ‫ اﺻـﺪﻗﺔ‬aṣdiqa (bridal) dower; -- (pl.
‫ )اﺻﺪﻗﺔ‬marriage contrast (tun.)
‫ ﺻﺪاﻗﺔ‬ṣadāqa pl. ·41 friendohip
‫ ﺻـﺪﻳﻖ‬ṣadīq pl. ‫ اﺻـﺪﻗﺎء‬aṣdiqā’2, ‫ ﺻـﺪﻗﺎء‬ṣudaqā’2, ‫ ﺻـﺪﻗﺎن‬ṣudqān friend;
friendly, connected by bonds of friendship
‫ ﺻﺪوق‬ṣadūq veracious, truthful, honest, sincere
‫ ﺻـﺪﻳﻖ‬ṣiddīq strictly veracious, honest, righteous, upright; ‫ اﻟﺼـﺪﻳﻖ‬epithet
of the first Caliph, Abū Bakr
‫ اﺻـﺪق‬aṣdaq2 truer, sincerer | ‫( اﺻـﺪق ﺑﺮﻫـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a. burhānin) the most
reliable, or best, proof for ...; ‫ﺻﺪﻳﻖ‬ ‫ اﺻﺪق‬the most loyal, or best, friend
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‫ ﻣﺼـﺪاق‬miṣdāq confirmation, corroboration, substantiation; touchstone,

criterion
‫ ﺗﺼـﺪﻳﻖ‬taṣdīq belief, faith (‫ ب‬in); consent, assent, agreement (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to),
approval, sanctioning, licensing, certification, confirmation, attestation,
ratification, verification, authentication, legalization (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.) | ‫ﺳـﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼــﺪﻳﻖ‬ sur‘at at-t. credulity; ‫ ﺳــﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﺼــﺪﻳﻖ‬credulous ‫ﻣﺼــﺎدﻗﺔ‬ muṣādaqa
consent, assent, agreement (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬to), concurrence (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬in); approval,
sanctioning, certification, confirmation, attestation, ratification (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.th.);
legalization, authentication (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of a document)
‫ ﺗﺼﺎدق‬taṣāduq legalization, authentication (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of a document)
‫ ﺻـﺎدق‬ṣādiq true, truthful, veracious, sincere, candid; reliable; accurate,
true, genuine, faithful, authentic
‫ ﻣﺼﺪﻗﺔ‬muṣaddiqa certificate, certification, attestation
‫ ﻣﺼـﺪق‬muṣaddaq credible, believable, reliable, trustworthy | ‫ﻏـﲑ ﻣﺼـﺪق‬
incredible; ‫رﲰﻴﺎ‬ ‫( ﻣﺼﺪق ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬rasmīyan) legalized, officially certified
Confidential
‫ه‬
‫ ﺻﻴﺪﱄ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺻﺪم‬ṣadama i (ṣadm) to bump, strike, knock, dash, bounce, bang, run ( ,‫ﻫـ‬
against), hit (a upon); to run (‫ ه‬into s.o., e.g., an automobile, etc.); to
collide, clash (‫ ب‬with, e.g., train with car) ill to bump, strike, knock, dash,
bounce, bang, run (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬againat s.o. or s.th.); to resist, oppose (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), battle (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ against); to encounter (hostilely), clash; pass. ‫ﺻـﻮدم‬
ṣūdima to be severely afflicted (‫ ب‬by) VI to collide (e.g., trains), encounter
(armies); to clash, conflict (e.g., different opinions) VIII to collide, clash (‫ب‬
or ‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with); to bump, strike, run (‫ ب‬against), hit (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., a mine); to

take offense (‫ ب‬at, e.g., at mistakes), take exception (‫ ب‬to); to fail (‫ ب‬due
to), be thwarted (‫ ب‬by); = VI
‫ ﺻـﺪﻣﺔ‬ṣadma pl. ṣadamāt push, thrust, jolt, shook, blow, stroke; upset,
commotion, (psychic) shock; obstacle, difficulty
‫ ﺻـﺪام‬ṣidām collision, clash; breakdown, collapse | ‫( ﺻـﺪام وﺟـﺪاﱐ‬wijdānī)
mental breakdown
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‫ ﻣﺼﺎدﻣﺔ‬muṣādama, pl. -āt collision, clash, impact

‫ ﺗﺼﺎدم‬taṣādum collision, clash; bounce, impact (‫ ب‬on); upset, commotion,
(psychic) shock | ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم‬ ‫ ﻃﺎﺳﺔ‬buffer (railroad)
‫ اﺻــﻄﺪام‬iṣṭidām collision, clash; bounce, impact (‫ ب‬on); upset,
commotion, (psychic) shock
‫ ﺻـﺪى‬ṣadiya II (ṣadan) to be very thirsty IV to echo, resound, reverberate
V to occupy o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ‬ with); to turn, apply o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ‬ to s.th.); to
undertake (‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ‬ s.th.), embark (‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ‬ upon); to oppose, resist,
counteract, antagonize (‫ ل‬s.o.), throw obstacles in s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬way, be in s.o.’s
(‫ )ل‬way
‫ ﺻﺪا‬,‫ ﺻﺪى‬ṣadan pl. ‫ اﺻﺪاء‬aṣdā’ echo, reverberation

‫ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﺔ‬taṣdiya hand clapping
‫ ﺻﺮ‬ṣarra i (ṣarr, ‫ ﺻﺮﻳﺮ‬ṣarīr) to chirp, stridulate (cricket); to creak (door); to
squeak, screech; to grate, scratch; to gnash, chatter (teeth); to lace, cord, tie
Confidential
up, truss up, bind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to shove, put (‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬money into a purse); to prick
up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬one’s ears) IV to persist (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in), insist (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to make up
one’s mind, resolve, determine, decide (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.); to prick up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ب‬
one’s ears)
‫ ﺻـﺮة‬ṣurra pl. ‫ ﺻـﺮر‬ṣurar (money) bag, purse; bundle, packet, parcel | ‫اﻟﺼـﺮة‬
or ‫اﳊـﺮﻣﲔ‬ ‫ ﺻـﺮة‬ṣ. al-ḥaramain the ṣurra for Mecca and Medina, the traditional
funds sent by the different Islamic countries (nowadays, e.g., by Egypt and
Tunisia) with the hadj caravan to be distributed among the poor of Mecca
and Medina; ‫ اﻣـﲔ اﻟﺼـﺮة‬the Trustee of the ṣurra (who is responsible for its
delivery); ‫ ﺻﺮة اﻟﻨﻘﻮد‬cash remittance
‫ ﺻﺮﻳﺮ‬ṣarīr chirping, stridulation (of crickets); squeaking, screeching
‫ ﺻﺮار‬ṣarrār or ‫ ﺻﺮار اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬ṣ. al-lail cricket (zool.)
‫ ﺻﺮﻳﺮة‬ṣarīra coins wrapped in a purse
‫ اﺻـﺮار‬iṣrār penitence, perseverance (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in), insistences (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) | ‫ﺳـﺒﻖ‬
‫ اﻹﺻﺮار‬sabq al-i. premeditation, willfulness (jur.)
‫ ﻣﺼﺮ‬muṣirr persistent, insistent; determined, resolute
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‫ اﻟﺼﺮب‬aṣ-ṣirb Serbia; the Serbs

‫ ﺻﺮﰊ‬ṣirbī Serbian
‫ ﺻـﺮح‬ṣaruḥa u (‫ ﺻـﺮاﺣﺔ‬ṣarāḥa, ‫ ﺻـﺮوﺣﺔ‬ṣurūḥa) to be or become pure,
unadulterated, uncontaminated, clear; -- ṣaraḥa a (ṣarḥ) to make clear,
clarify, explicate, explain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to explain, explicate, clarify, make
clear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to declare, state, announce (‫ ب‬s.th.), make a statement (‫ب‬
about); to speak out frankly, openly, be clear, be explicit (‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ,‫ ب‬about), let
(‫ﻋﻦ‬ ,‫ ب‬s.th.) be known; to allow, permit, grant (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to license
(‫ ب‬s.th.), give a permit, grant a license (‫ ب‬for) III to speak frankly, openly;
to speak out frankly or openly, be clear, be explicit (‫ ب‬about), avow (‫ب‬
s.th.), let (‫ ب‬s.th.) be known; to declare (‫ان‬ ‫ ه‬to s.o. that) IV to make clear,
clarify, explicate, explain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to become clear, evident, manifest,
come to light VII to become evident, manifest, clear
‫ ﺻﺮح‬ṣarḥ pl. ṣurūḥ castle, palace, lofty edifice, imposing structure
Confidential
‫ ﺻـﺮاح‬ṣurāḥ pure, unadulterated, uncontaminated, clear; distinct, plain,
obvious, evident, patent, manifest, unambiguous, unequivocal
‫ ﺻ ـﺮﻳﺢ‬ṣarīḥ pl. ‫ ﺻــﺮﺣﺎء‬ṣuraḥā’2, ‫ ﺻـﺮاﺋﺢ‬ṣarā’iḥ2 pure, unadulterated,
uncontaminated; clear; distinct, plain, obvious, evident, patent, manifest,
unambiguous, unequivocal; open, frank, sincere, candid; free, openhearted
‫ ﺻـﺮاﺣﺔ‬ṣarāḥa clearness clarity, distinctness, plainness; unambiguousness;
openness, frankness, candor, sincerity, openheartedness; ṣarāḥatan clearly,
plainly, distinctly, patently, unequivocally, unambiguously; openly, frankly,
bluntly, straightforward, honestly, openheartedly
‫ اﺻﺮح‬aṣraḥ2 purer, clearer; sincerer
‫ ﺗﺼ ـﺮﻳﺢ‬taṣrīḥ pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﺼــﺎرﻳﺢ‬taṣārīḥ2 (public) statement, declaration;
permission, (official) permit, license
‫ ﺻـﺮخ‬ṣaraka u (‫ ﺻـﺮاخ‬ṣurāk, ‫ ﺻـﺮﻳﺦ‬ṣarīk) to cry, yell, scream, shriek, shout;
to cry for help; to call (‫ ب‬s.o.); to call out, shout (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); to yell,
bellow, roar (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫وﺟﻬـﻪ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬at s.o.) | ‫( ﺻـﺮخ ﺻـﺮﺧﺔ‬ṣarkatan) to cry out, let out a
cry X to cry for help; to call (‫ ه‬to s.o.) for help
‫ ﺻﺮﺧﺔ‬ṣarka pl. -āt cry, outcry, yell, scream; call for help
‫ ﺻﺮاخ‬ṣurāk crying, yelling; clamor, screaming, screams
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‫ ﺻﺮﻳﺦ‬ṣarīk crying, yelling; clamor, screaming, screams

‫ ﺻﺮاخ‬ṣarrāk crier, screamer, bawler; peacock
‫ ﺻﺎروخ‬ṣārūk pl. ‫ ﺻﻮارﻳﺦ‬ṣawārīk2 rocket; siren (magr.) | O ‫ﺻﺎروخ ﻋﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﻘﺎرات‬
intercontinental ballistic missile ICBM
‫ ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ ﺻﺎروﺧﻴﺔ‬qunbula ṣārūkīya rocket bomb, guided missile
‫ ﺻـﺎرخ‬ṣārik gaudy, flashy (color); glaring (color, light); crude, gross,
coarse; noisy, loud; crier, caller
‫ ﺻﺮد‬ṣard severe cold (spell)
‫ ﺻﺮاد‬ṣarrāad drifting clouds, cirrus
‫ ﺻﺮﻳﺪ‬ṣurraid drifting clouds, cirrus
‫ ﺻﺮﺻﺮ‬ṣarṣara to let out a piercing cry, scream shrilly
‫ رﻳﺢ ﺻﺮﺻﺮ‬rīḥ ṣarṣar violent, cold wind, icy gale
‫ ﺻﺮﺻﺮ‬ṣurṣur pl. ‫ ﺻﺮاﺻﲑ‬ṣarāṣīr2 a variety of cockroach (Blatta aegyptiaca;
zool.); cricket (zool.)
‫ ﺻﺮﺻﻮر‬ṣurṣūr pl. ‫ ﺻﺮاﺻﲑ‬ṣarāṣīr2 cricket (zool.); cockroach (syr.)
Confidential
‫ ﺻﺮﺻﺎر‬ṣarṣār cricket (zool.)
‫ ﺻﺮاط‬ṣirāṯ way, path, road
‫ ﺻـﺮع‬ṣara‘a a (ṣar‘, ṣir‘, ‫ ﻣﺼـﺮع‬maṣra‘) to throw down, fell, bring to the
ground (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- pass. ṣuri‘a to be epileptic, have an epileptic fit; to be or
go mad III to wrestle (also as a sport), fight (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to wrestle with
one another VII to be or go mad VIII = VI
‫ ﺻﺮع‬ṣar‘ epilepsy
‫ ﺻﺮع‬ṣur‘ rein
‫ ﺻ ـﺮﻳﻊ‬ṣarī‘ pl. ‫ ﺻــﺮﻋﻰ‬ṣar‘ā thrown to the ground, felled; epileptic;
demented, insane, mad, crazy; (with foll. genit.) succumbing to s.th., fallen
victim to s.th., | ‫ ﺳـﻘﻂ ﺻـﺮﻳﻌﺎ‬to be killed (in battle); ‫ ﺻـﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﺸـﺮاب‬ṣ. aš-šarāb
addicted to the bottle; ‫اﻟﻜﺮى‬ ‫ ﺻﺮﻳﻊ‬ṣ. al-karā overcome by sleep
‫ ﻣﺼﺮع‬maṣra‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﺼﺎرع‬maṣāri‘2 battle-ground; ruin, destruction, perdition,
death; fatal accident; vital part of the body (the injury of which can cause
death)
‫ ﻣﺼـﺮاع‬miṣrā‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎرﻳﻊ‬maṣārī‘2 leaf of a door; hemistich | ‫ﺻـﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﳌﺼـﺮاع‬
door panel; ‫ﻣﺼﺮاﻋﻴﻪ‬ ‫( اﻟﺒﺎب ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ﻋﻠﻰ‬miṣrā‘aihi) the door is wide open
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‫ ﺻﺮاع‬ṣirā‘ wrestling, wrestling match; fight, struggle

‫ ﻣﺼﺎرﻋﺔ‬muṣāra‘a wrestling, wrestling match; fight, struggle
‫ اﺻﻄﺮاع‬iṣṭirā‘ fight, struggle, conflict, controversy
‫ ﻣﺼـﺮوع‬maṣrū‘ thrown to the ground, felled; epileptic; demented, insane,
mad, crazy
‫ ﻣﺼﺎرع‬muṣāri‘ wrestler; fighter
‫ ﺻـﺮف‬ṣarafa i (ṣarf) to turn; to turn away, avert (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. from);
to dissuade, alienate, keep away (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from); to divert, distract (‫ﻋـﻦ ه‬
s.o. from); to turn, direct (‫ه‬ ‫اﱃ‬ s.th., e.g., one’s eyes, one’s attention, to
s.th.); to grant leave, dismiss, send away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to give s.o. (‫ )ه‬the brush-
olf; to spend, expend (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬money for); to defray the cost (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.),
pay (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.th.); to pay out, disburse (‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬money to); to issue, give out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., e.g., tickets), make out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a permit); to spend, devote (‫ ل‬or
‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬time, effort on); to pass, spend (‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬time at s.th., doing s.th.); to
Confidential
change money (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to inflect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a word) | ‫( ﺻـﺮف اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ ﻋـﻦ‬naẓar) to avert
one’s glance from, disregard s.th., pay no attention to s.th., leave s.th. out of
consideration; -- i (‫ ﺻـﺮﻳﻒ‬ṣarīf) to creak, grate II to cause to flow off, draw
off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬water); to drain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬land); to dispatch, expedite, wind up, liquidate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
business); to change money (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to market, retail, distribute, sell (‫ﻫ ـ‬
merchandise), dispose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of merchandise); to circulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to give a
free hand (‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ه‬to s.o. in s.th.), let (‫ ه‬s.o.) dispose freely (‫ ﰲ‬over, in), grant
the right of disposal (‫ ﰲ ه‬to s.o. over or in s.th.); to inflect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a word),
conjugate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a verb), decline (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a noun) V to act independently; to dispose
freely, have the right of disposal (‫ ﰲ‬over); to move freely, act without
restriction (‫ ﰲ‬in), administer (freely) (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to behave, act, conduct o.s.,

comport o.s. ; to exercise sacerdotal functions (Copt.-Chr.); to be inflected
(gram.); to be derived | ‫( ﺗﺼـﺮف ﺗﺼـﺮﻓﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺎ ﰲ‬taṣarrufan kaifīyan) to proceed
arbitrarily in or at VII to turn away; to go away, depart (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), leave (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.th.); to give up, abandon, relinquish, quit (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o., s.th.); to flow off, drain;
849
to pass on, change over, turn one’s attention (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); to proceed (‫ اﱃ‬to
some activity or to do s.th.); to apply o.s., devote o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); to be
spent, be expended (money); to be issued, be made out (e.g.. ticket); to be
fully, i.e., triptotically, inflected | ‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ اﻧﺼـﺮف اﱃ‬to withdraw by o.s., isolate
o.s.; ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ اﻧﺼﺮف‬to set about to do s.th., proceed to do s.th.
‫ ﺻـﺮف‬ṣarf averting, turning away; expenditure, expense; spending, use,
application (e.g., of time, of effort, etc.); issuance, issue, making out;
disbursement; money changing; barter (Isl. Law); drainage; inflection
(gram.); (pl. ‫ ﺻـﺮوف‬ṣurūf) adversities, misfortunes (also ‫ ﺻـﺮوف اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ‬ṣurūf
ad-dahr) | ‫ ﳏﻄـﺔ اﻟﺼـﺮف‬maḥaṭṭat aṣ-ṣ. (el.) power station; drainage station,
pumping
station; ‫ﺳــﻌﺮ اﻟﺼــﺮف‬ ṣi'r aṣ-ṣ. exchange rate; ‫ﻋﻠــﻢ اﻟﺼــﺮف‬ ‘ilm aṣ-ṣ.
morphology (gram.); ‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫ ﳑﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ‬indeclinable (gram.); ‫( ﺑﺼﺮف اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ‬bi-

ṣ. in-naẓar) regardless of, irrespective of, notwithstanding, to say nothing of
‫ ﺻﺮف‬ṣirf pure, unadulterated, unmixed; mere, sheer, absolute
‫ ﺻﺮﻓﻴﺎت‬ṣarfīyāt payments, disbursements
Confidential
‫ ﺻﺮﻳﻒ‬ṣarīf squeak(ing), creak(ing), squeal(ing)
‫ ﺻﺮاف‬ṣarrāf money changer; cashier, teller, treasurer; paymaster; banker
‫ ﺻﺮاﻓﺔ‬ṣarrafa (woman) cashier | ‫( ﺻﺮاﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺬاﻛﲑ‬woman) ticket agent
‫ ﺻﲑف‬ṣairaf pl. ‫ ﺻﻴﺎرف‬ṣayārif2 money changer; cashier, teller, treasurer
‫ ﺻﲑﰲ‬ṣairafī pl. ‫ ﺻﻴﺎرﻓﺔ‬ṣayārifa money changer; cashier, teller, treasurer
‫ ﺻﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬ṣarīfa pl. ‫ ﺻﺮاﺋﻒ‬ṣarā’if2 reedmat hut
‫ ﻣﺼـﺮف‬maṣrif pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎرف‬maṣārif2 drainage canal, drainage ditch, drain;
bank; pay office, teller’s window (at a bank)
‫ ﺗﺼـﺮﻳﻒ‬taṣrīf drawing off (of water), drainage; sale, retail, disposal,
distribution; change, alteration; inflection, declension, conjugation | ‫ﺗﺼﺎرﻳﻒ‬
‫ اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ‬t. ad-dahr the vicissitudes of fate; ‫ ﺗﺼـﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺸـﺌﻮن‬settlement, windup, or
management, of affairs
‫ ﺗﺼـﺮف‬taṣarruf pl. -āt free disposal (‫ ﰲ‬over), right of disposal; usufruct;
administration; action, way of acting, demeanor, behavior, conduct; outflow,
efflux, effluence, output (in terms of the capacity of a pump), discharge,
throughput, quantity of water flowing through; pl. ‫ﺗﺼــﺮﻓﺎت‬ measures,
850
dispositions, regulations | ‫( ﺗﺼــﺮف ﻣﻨﺠــﺰ‬munjaz) regulation effective

immediately (Isl. Law); ‫ ﺣﺴـﻦ اﻟﺘﺼــﺮف‬ḥusn at-t. discretion; ‫ﻣﻄﻠــﻖ اﻟﺘﺼــﺮف‬
muṭlaq at-t. having unrestricted right of disposal,
invested with full power; ‫ ﺑﺘﺼﺮف‬freely; ‫ﺗﺼـﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ ﲢﺖ‬at s.o.’s disposal; ‫وﺿـﻊ‬
‫ ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ ﲢـﺖ ﺗﺼـﺮﻓﻪ‬to put s.th. at s.o.’s disposition; ‫ ﺗﺼـﺮﻓﺎت اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ‬t. az-zaman the
vicissitudes of time
‫ اﻧﺼﺮاف‬inṣirāf going away, leave, departure; avertedness, aversion (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to);
abstention (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from). renunciation (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of)
‫ ﻣﺼـﺮوف‬devoted, dedicated (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); money spent, expenditure; pl. -āt,
‫ ﻣﺼـﺎرﻳﻒ‬maṣārīf2 expenses, expenditures, costs | ‫ ﻣﺼـﺮوف اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬and ‫ﻣﺼـﺎراف‬
‫ اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬postage; ‫ ﻣﺼـﺮوف اﳉﻴـﺐ‬m. al-jaib pocket money; ‫ ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ اﳌﺼـﺎرﻳﻒ‬postage
free, franked; ‫( وﰱ اﳌﺼـﺎرﻳﻒ‬wafā) to cover the cocte, defray the expense;
‫( ﻣﺼﺮوف ﻣﻦ اﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬kidma) dismissed, discharged

‫ ﻣﺘﺼـﺮف‬mutaṣarrif approx.: provincial governor (Ir.; administering anyone
Confidential
of the 14 liwā’, q.v.); former title of a Turkish administrative officer in Arab
countries
‫ ﻣﺘﺼـﺮف‬mutaṣarrifa jurisdiction of a mutaṣarrif (q.v.), approx.: province;
dignity, government, authority, etc., of a mutaṣarrif
‫ ﻣﻨﺼﺮف‬munṣarif fully inflected, i.e., triptotical (gram.); ‫ اﳌﻨﺼﺮف‬the money
spent, expenditures
‫ ﻣﻨﺼـﺮف‬munṣarif departure, leave, going away | ‫( ﻻ ﻣﻨﺼـﺮف ﻋﻨـﻪ‬munṣarafa)
indispensable, inevitable; ‫ﻣﻨﺼـﺮﻓﻬﻢ‬ munṣarafahum at their departure, when
they left; ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬ ‫( ﰲ ﺻﺮف‬m. in-nahār) at the parting of day, at day’s end
1 ‫ﺻﺮم‬ṣaruma u (‫ ﺻﺮم‬ṣarāma) to be sharp; to be stern, hard, harsh, severe; -
- ṣrama i (ṣarm, ṣurm) to cut, cut off, sever (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to leave, forsake (‫ه‬
s.o.), separate (‫ ه‬from s.o.), part (‫ ه‬with s.o.) II to cut, cut off, cut through,
sever, separate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to decrease, wane, dwindle; to elapse, go by, pass;

to be past, be bygone, be over (time) VII to elapse, go by, pass; to be past.
be bygone, be over (time)
‫ ﺻﺮم‬ṣarm severance, separation
‫ ﺻﺮﻣﺔ‬ṣirma pl. ‫ ﺻﺮم‬ṣiram herd of camels
851
‫ ﺻـﺮاﻣﺔ‬ṣarāma sharpness, keenness; harshness, sternness, severity, rigor,

unfriendliness
‫ ﺻﺮﳝﺔ‬ṣarīma horse bridle
‫ ﻣﺼﺎرﻣﺔ‬muṣārama estrangement, break, antagonism, hostility
‫ ﺻﺎرم‬ṣārim sharp, harsh, hard, severe, stem
‫ ﻣﻨﺼﺮم‬munṣarim elapsed, past, bygone (period of time)
2‫ ﺻﺮم‬ṣurm = ‫ﺳﺮم‬
3‫ ﺻﺮم‬ṣarma pl. ‫ ﺻﺮم‬ṣuram (eg.) shoe
‫ ﺻـﺮﻣﺎ‬ṣurmāyā pl. -āt, ‫ ﺻـﺮاﻣﻰ‬ṣarāmī (syr.) shoe made of red or yellow

leather; shoes
‫ ﻣﺼﺎرﻳﻦ‬see ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬
‫ ﺻـﺎر‬ṣārin and ‫ ﺻـﺎرﻳﺔ‬ṣāriya pl. ‫ ﺻـﻮار‬ṣawārin mast, pole | ‫ ﺻـﺎرى اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬ṣ. l-
‘alam flagpole
‫ ﻣﺼـﻄﺒﺔ‬maṣṭaba, miṣṭaba pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﻃﺐ‬maṣāṭib2 outdoor stone bench (built
into the side of a house), maṣṭaba
‫ ﻣﺼﻄﻮل‬maṣṭūl fool
Confidential
‫ ﺻـﻌﺐ‬ṣa‘uba u (‫ ﺻـﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ṣu‘ūba) to be hard, difficult (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬for); to be
embarrassing, shocking, unpleasant (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for, to) II to make hard, make
difficult (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o. s.th.); to present as difficult (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o. s.th.) V to
become difficult; to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) hard or difficult VI to be difficult (of a
person); to be hard to please X to find or consider difficult (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺻـﻌﺐ‬ṣa‘b pl. ‫ ﺻـﻌﺎب‬ṣi‘āb hard, difficult; pl. difficulties | ‫ﺻـﻌﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻤـﺎل‬

hard to bear, oppressive; ‫ ﺻـﻌﺐ اﻻرﺿـﺎء‬ṣ. al-irḍā’ hard to please, fastidious;
‫ﺻـﻌﺐ اﳌـﺮاس‬ obstinate, stubborn, self-opinionated, recalcitrant, headstrong;
‫‘( ﻋﻤﻠﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬umla) hard currency
‫ ﺻ ــﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ṣu‘ūba difficulty | ‫ ﺻ ــﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﳌـ ـﺮاس‬obstinacy, stubbornness,
recalcitrance, refractoriness
‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻋﺐ‬maṣā‘ib2 difficulties
‫ ﺻﻌﱰ‬ṣa‘tar wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum; bot.)
‫ ﺻـﻌﺪ‬ṣa‘ida a (‫ ﺻـﻌﻮد‬ṣu‘ūd) to rise, go up; to lift, climb, ascend, slope
upward; to mount, scale, ascend, climb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), climb up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to
852
take off (airplane); ‫ ﺻـﻌﺪ ﺑـﻪ اﱃ‬to make s.o. ascend, lead s.o. up to … II to
ascend, mount; to go upstream; to travel to Upper Egypt; to send up (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to cause (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) to rise or ascend; to heave
(from one’s breast), utter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬sigh, wails, and the like); to cause (s.th.) to
evaporate, vaporize, volatilize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sublimate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; chem.) | ‫ﺻـﻌﺪ‬
‫( اﻟﺰﻓـﺮات‬zafarāt) to heave deep sighs IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) ascend or advance;
to ascend (‫ اﱃ‬to elevated terrain); to go upstream; to travel up, travel V to
evaporate, vaporize VI to rise, lift, ascend
‫ ﺻﻌﻮد‬ṣu‘ūd height, altitude
‫ ﺻﻌﺪة‬ṣa‘da pl. ṣa‘adāt rise, incline; slope, declivity
‫ ﺻـﻌﻮد‬ṣu‘ūd rising, lifting, ascending; take-off (of an airplane); ascent;
boom; advance (‫ اﱃ‬toward) | ‫ﺻـﻌﻮد اﻟـﺮب‬ ṣ. ar-rabb and ‫ﻋﻴـﺪ اﻟﺼـﻌﻮد‬ ‘īd aṣ-ṣ.
Ascension Day (Chr.)
‫ ﺻﻌﻮد‬ṣa‘ūd steep hill
‫ ﺻـﻌﻴﺪ‬ṣa‘īd pl. ‫ ﺻـﻌﻮد‬ṣu‘ūd highland, upland, plateau; ‫ اﻟﺼـﻌﻴﺪ‬and ‫ﺻـﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﺼـﺮ‬
Confidential
ṣ. miṣr Upper Egypt | ‫واﺣـﺪ‬
on equal footing,
‫ ﰲ ﺻـﻌﻴﺪ‬on a common basis, on common ground,
without distinction, indiscriminately; ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺻــﻌﻴﺪ واﺣــﺪ‬
congenial, like-minded, kindred in spirit, agreed
‫ ﺻﻌﻴﺪي‬ṣa‘īdī pl. ‫ ﺻﻌﺎﻳﺪة‬ṣa‘āyida Upper Egyptian
‫ ﺻـﻌﺪاء‬ṣu‘adā’2 (deep) sigh | ‫ ﺗـﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺼـﻌﺪاء‬tanaffasa ṣ-ṣu‘adā’ to sigh
(deeply), heave a (deep) sigh
‫ ﻣﺼﻌﺪ‬maṣ‘ad pl. ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻋﺪ‬maṣā‘id2 point of ascent
‫ ﻣﺼﻌﺪ‬miṣ‘ad pl. ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻋﺪ‬maṣā‘id2 elevator, lift; O anode
‫ ﻣﺼﻌﺪة‬miṣ‘ada elevator, lift
‫ ﺻـﺎﻋﺪ‬ṣā‘id pl. ‫ ﺻـﻮاﻋﺪ‬ṣawā‘id 2 rising, ascending (also, e.g., of vapors) |
‫ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا‬fa-ṣā‘idan and beyond that, and more; ‫ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا‬-- ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from -- on, from
--upward; ‫ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪا‬ ‫( ﻣﻦ اﻵن‬min al-āna) from now on, henceforth
‫ ﻣﺘﺼﺎﻋﺪ‬mutaṣā‘id rising, ascending (also, e.g., of vapors)
‫ ﺻـﻌﺮ‬ṣa‘ra a (ṣa‘ar) to be awry (face; with pride) II ‫( ﺻـﻌﺮ ﺧـﺪﻩ‬kaddahū) to
put on a contemptuous mien
853
‫ ﺻـﻌﻖ‬ṣa‘aqa a (‫ ﺻـﺎﻋﻘﺔ‬ṣā‘iqa) to strike s.o. (‫ )ه‬down with lightning,

destroy, hit, slay (‫ ه‬s.o.; of lightning); to stun, stupefy, make unconscious
(‫ ه‬s.o.); -- ṣa‘iqa a and pass. ṣi‘iqa (ṣa‘aq, ‫ ﺻـﻌﻘﺔ‬ṣa‘qa) to be thunderstruck;
to lose consciousness | ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﻪ‬‫( ﺻـﻌﻖ ﰲ‬makānihī) to stop dead in one's tracks,
stand as if thunderstruck IV to strike down, slay, destroy (‫ ه‬s.o.; of
lightning); to stun, stupefy, make unconscious (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to be struck by
lightning
‫ ﺻﻌﻖ‬ṣa‘aq thunder, peal of thunder
‫ ﺻﻌﻖ‬ṣa‘iq thunderstruck, dumfounded
‫ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﺔ‬ṣā‘iqa pl. ‫ ﺻﻮاﻋﻖ‬ṣawā‘iq 2 bolt of lightning, thunderbolt
‫ ﻣﺼﻌﻮق‬maṣ‘ūq struck by lightning; thunderstruck, stupefied, dumfounded;
crushed, destroyed
‫ ﺻﻌﻠﻜﺔ‬ṣa‘laka loitering, loafing
‫ ﺻـﻌﻠﻮك‬ṣu‘lūk pl. ‫ ﺻـﻌﺎﻟﻴﻚ‬ṣa‘ālīk2 utterly destitute; have-not, pauper, poor
Confidential
wretch; beggar; tramp, vagabond, loafer
‫ ﺻـﻐﺮ‬ṣagura u (ṣigar, ‫ ﺻـﻐﺎرة‬ṣagāra) and ṣagira a (ṣagar) to be or become
small, little, scanty; to diminish, decrease, wane, dwindle; to be young; to be
lowly, submissive, servile, humble; -- ṣagara u (ṣagr) to be younger (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬
than
s.o. by) | ‫ﺑﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﺎ ﺻﻐﺮﱐ اﻻ‬bi-sanatin) he was only one year younger than I
II to make small(er) or little(r), lessen, minimize, reduce, diminish,
decrease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to belittle, deride, ridicule, debase, bemean (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o.,
s.th.); to form a diminutive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of a noun) VI to prove o.s. contemptible, be
servile, fawn, cringe, grovel X to deem (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.) small, little or
paltry; to make light (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.o., of s.th.), undervalue (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
think little (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬of s.o., of s.th.) | ‫( اﺳﺘﺼﻐﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬nafsahū) to feel inferior
‫ ﺻ ــﻐﺮ‬ṣigar smallness, littleness, scantiness, paltriness, paucity,
insignificance; youthfulness, juvenility (also ‫ﺻـﻐﺮ اﻟﺴـﻦ‬ ṣ. as-sinn) ‫ﺻـﻐﺮة‬
ṣigra: ‫اﺑﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫( ﻫﻮ ﺻﻐﺮة‬ṣ. abawaihi) he is the youngest of his parents’ children
854
‫ ﺻـﻐﲑ‬ṣagīr pl. ‫ ﺻـﻐﺎر‬ṣigār, ‫ ﺻـﻐﺮاء‬ṣugarā’2 small, little; paltry, scanty,

insignificant; tiny, minute; young, juvenile, minor; a minor, one under age |
‫ ﺻﻐﲑ اﻟﺴﻦ‬ṣ. s-sinn young; ‫ ﺻﻐﲑ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ṣ. an-nafs mean-spirited, base, servile,
Toadying, cringing, groveling ‫ ﺻــﻐﺎر اﳌــﻮﻇﻔﲔ‬ṣ. al-muwaẓẓafīn small
‫‘( اﻟﻌﻴـﺪ اﻟﺼـﻐﲑ‬īd) Little Bairam, i.e., the feast of
officials, subaltern officials;
fast breaking on the 1st of Shawwal; ‫ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻐﲑة وﻛﺒـﲑة‬kullu ṣ. wa-kabīra every
detail
‫ ﺻـﻐﲑ‬ṣagīra pl. ‫ ﺻـﻐﺎﺋﺮ‬ṣagā’ir2 venial sin (Isl. Law); minor mistake; pl.
trivialities, trifles
‫ ﺻـﻐﺎرة‬ṣagāra littleness, paltriness, scantiness, paucity; lowliness, servility,
humility, humbleness
‫ اﺻـﻐﺮ‬aṣgar f. ‫ ﺻـﻐﺮى‬ṣugrā pl. m. ‫ اﺻـﺎﻏﺮ‬aṣāgir2 smaller, littler; younger |
‫ اﺻﻐﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬a. aš-šarrain the lesser of two evils, ‫ آﺳﻴﺎ اﻟﺼﻐﺮى‬Asia Minor; ‫اﻟﺪول‬
‫( اﻟﺼـﻐﺮى‬duwal) the small countries; ‫( ﺳـﻮر اﻟﺼـﻐﺮى‬sūriyā) Palestine; ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺼﻐﺮى‬the minimum
Confidential
‫ ﺗﺼﻐﲑ‬taṣgīr diminution, lessening, decrease, reduction | ‫ اﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺼـﻐﲑ‬ism at-
t. diminutive (gram.)
‫ اﺻﻐﺎر‬iṣgār disdain, contempt, disregard
‫ ﺗﺼﺎﻏﺮ‬taṣāgur servility, toadying, cringing, groveling
‫ ﺻــﺎﻏﺮ‬ṣāgir low, lowly, despised, contemptible, humiliated, meek,
dejected; submissive, servile; subject (‫ ل‬to s.o.)
‫ ﻣﺼـﻐﺮ‬muṣaggar reduced, decreased, diminished | ‫( ﰲ ﺻـﻮرة ﺻـﻐﲑة‬ṣūra) on a
reduced or small scale, in miniature; ‫ﻣﺼﻐﺮ‬ ‫( ﻓﻠﻢ‬film) microfilm
‫ )ﺻـﻐﻮ‬and ‫ ﺻـﻐﺎ )ﺻـﻐﻲ‬ṣagā u (‫ ﺻـﻐﻮ‬ṣagw, sugūw) to incline, bend, lean (‫اﱃ‬
to, toward); -- ‫ﺻـﻐﻲ‬ ṣagiya a (ṣagan, ṣugīy) to incline, bend, lean (‫ اﱃ‬to,
toward); to listen (‫ ل‬to) IV to listen, pay attention, lend one’s ear (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to
s.th., to s.o.). heed (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺻـﻐﻮ‬ṣagw and ‫ ﺻـﻐﺎ‬ṣagan inclination, disposition, tendency, affection,
attachment, good will
‫ اﺻﻐﺎء‬isgā’ attention, attentiveness
‫ ﺻﺎغ‬ṣāgin inclined, disposed, attentive; listener, hearer
855
‫ ﻣﺼﻎ‬attentive; listener, hearer

1‫ ﺻﻔﺔ‬see ‫وﺻﻒ‬
2‫ ﺻﻒ‬ṣaffa u (ṣaff) to set up in a row or line, line up, align, array, arrange,
order (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to eat, compose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬type, typ.); to range, class, classify (‫ه‬ ‫ﻣـﻊ‬
s.o. among); to cut (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) in strips II to set up in a row or line, line up,
align, array, arrange, order (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to comb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the hair) straight VI to line
up, take position in a row or line, stand in a row or line, be lined up, be
aligned, be strung in a line VIII - VI; to fall in, stand in formation (of a
military detachment) | ‫ اﺻـﻄﻒ اﱃ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬to line the rood, form a lane
(e.g., troops, police, etc.)
‫ ﺻـﻒ‬ṣaff aligning or arranging in a line or row; -- (pl. ‫ ﺻـﻔﻮف‬ṣufūf) row,
line, file, rank, queue; row, or tier, of seats; grade, form (in school), class
course, section, division, group | ‫اﻟـﺪم‬
‫ ﺻـﻒ‬ṣ. ad-dam, blood group; ‫آﻟـﺔ ﺻـﻒ‬
‫ اﳊﺮوف‬typesetting machine, ‫( ﺿﺎﺑﻂ اﻟﺼﻒ‬also ‫ ﺻﻒ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ‬pl. ‫ )ﺻﻒ ﺿـﺒﺎط‬non-
commissioned officer; ‫اﻧـﺘﻈﻢ ﺻـﻔﻮﻓﺎ‬ intaẓama ṣufūfan to line up in rows or
Confidential
files
‫ ﺻﻔﺔ‬ṣuffa pl. ‫ ﺻﻔﻒ‬ṣufaf (stone) molding; ledge
‫ ﺻﻔﺎف‬ṣaffāf and ‫ ﺻﻔﺎف اﳊﺮوف‬type-setter, compositor
‫ ﻣﺼـﻒ‬maṣaff pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎف‬maṣaff2 position (of an army); battle line; row,
line, file; composing stick (typ.) | ‫( رﻓﻌـﻪ اﱃ ﻣﺼـﺎف‬with foll. genit.) to class
s.o. with, put s.o. on the same level with
‫ ﺻـﻔﺢ‬ṣafaḥa a (ṣafḥ) to broaden, widen, flatten, beat into a leaf, foliate,
plate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to pardon, forgive (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o., s.th.) II to broaden, widen, flatten,
beat into a leaf, foliate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to roll out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to plate, overlay, or
cover, with metal plates (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to armor (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to equip, furnish, cover
(‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with) ill to shake hands (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to greet (.s.o.); to touch (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) lightly or gently, graze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), brush, glide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th.), pass, blow
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th., of the wind, breath, etc.) | ‫( ﺻـﺎﻓﺢ ﲰﻌـﻪ‬sam‘ahū) to reach s.o.’s
ear V to leaf, thumb (‫ ﻫـ‬a book, etc.); to examine, scrutinize, regard, study (‫ﻫـ‬
856
s.th.) VI to shake hands X to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬forgiveness (‫ ﻫـ‬for), apologize ( ‫ﻫـ‬

‫ ه‬to s.o. for)
‫ ﺻـﻔﺢ‬ṣafḥ pardon, forgiveness; (pl. ‫ ﺻـﻔﺎح‬ṣifāḥ) side, surface | ‫ﺿـﺮب‬
‫)اﺿـﺮب( ﻋﻨـﻪ ﺻـﻔﺤﺎ‬ to turn away from s.o. or s.th., pass over s.o. or s.th.,
ignore, snub, slight, disregard s.o. or s.th., desist from s.th.
‫ ﺻـﻔﺤﺔ‬ṣafḥa pl. ṣafaḥāt outside, exterior; plane, surface; page; leaf, sheet;
phase
‫ ﺻـﻔﻴﺢ‬ṣafīḥ broad side or surface; sheet iron; tin, tinplate; tin plates, tin
sheets
‫ ﺻـﻔﻴﺤﺔ‬ṣafīḥa pl. ‫ ﺻـﻔﺎﺋﺢ‬ṣafā’iḥ2 plate, sheet (of metal), leaf (of wood),
slab, flag (of stone), ledger stone (on a tomb); tin plate, tin sheet; can, jerry
can | ‫ﺻــﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﳌﺼـﺮاع‬ ṣ. al-miṣrā‘ door panel; O ‫ﺻـﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﳌﻘــﻮل‬ ṣ. al-miqwal
phonograph records, gramophone discs
‫ ﺻﻔﻮح‬ṣafūhḥ forgiving, reedy to forgive
‫ ﺻﻔﺎح‬ṣuffāḥ pl. -āt, ‫ ﺻﻔﺎﻓﻴﺢ‬ṣafāfīḥ plate, sheet, leaf; flagstone, stone slab
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺢ‬taṣfīḥ plating
Confidential
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﺢ‬taṣaffuḥ examination, scrutinization, scrutiny, study
‫ ﻣﺼــﻔﺢ‬muṣaffaḥ, shaped into plates or thin layers, plated, foliated;
armored, armor clad, ironclad, metal-covered| ‫( ﺧﺸﺐ ﻣﺼﻔﺢ‬kašab) plywood;
‫ﺳﻴﺎرة ﻣﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ (sayyāra) armored car
‫ ﻣﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬muṣaffaḥa pl. -āt armored car, armored reconnaissance car (mil.)
‫ ﺻﻔﺪ‬ṣafda i (ṣafd) to bind, fetter, shackle (‫ ه‬s.o.) II and IV = I
‫ ﺻﻔﺪ‬ṣafad pl. ‫ اﺻﻔﺎد‬aṣfād bond, tie, fetter
‫ ﺻﻔﺎد‬ṣifād bond, tie, fetter | ‫ ﺻﻔﺎد اﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ṣ. al-yadain manacle, handcuff
1‫ ﺻـﻔﺮ‬ṣafara i (‫ ﺻـﻔﲑ‬ṣafīr) to whistle (bird, person); to hiss (snake); to
chirp, stridulate (cricket); to seream (siren) II = I
‫ ﺻـﻔﲑ‬ṣafīr whistling, whistle, etc. (see above); high, thin tone (e.g., of a
flute) | ‫اﻟﺼﻔﲑ‬ ‫ ﺣﺮوف‬sibilants; -- see also below and alphabetically
‫ ﺻـﻔﺎرة‬ṣaffāra pl. -āt whistle; siren | ‫ ﺻـﻔﺎرة اﻷﻣـﺎن‬ṣ. al-amān all-clear siren;
‫ ﺻﻔﺎرة اﻹﻧﺬار‬ṣ. al-indār warning siren
857
2 ‫ﺻـﻔﺮ‬ II to dye yellow, make yellow, to yellow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IX to turn

yellow, to
yellow; to pale, become pale | ‫اﺻـﻔﺮ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬ (wajhuhū) he grew pale, he
turned white
‫ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ṣufr brass; money
‫ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ṣafar jaundice
‫ ﺻﻔﺮة‬ṣufra yellow color, yellowness, yellow; pallor, paleness (of the face)
‫ ﺻـﻔﺎر‬ṣafar yellow color, s.th. yellow; pallor, paleness |‫ ﺻـﻔﺎر اﻟﺒﻴﻀـﺔ‬ṣ. al-
baiḍa egg yolk
‫ ﺻﻔﺎر‬ṣaffār pl. ‫ ة‬brass founder
‫ اﺻﻔﺮ‬aṣfar2, f. ‫ ﺻﻔﺮاء‬ṣafrā’2, pl. ‫ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ṣufr yellow; pale, pallid, wan | ‫ﺿﺤﻜﺔ‬
‫( ﺻﻔﺮاء‬ḍaḥka) forced, or embarrassed, laugh; ‫( ﳓﺎس ﺻﻔﺮ‬nuḥās) brass
‫ ﺻﻔﺮاء‬ṣafrā’ bile, gall
‫( ﺻﻔﲑ‬eg.) golden oriole (zool.)
‫ ﺻﻔﺎرﻳﺔ‬ṣufārīya golden oriole (zool.)
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‫ ﺻـﻔﺮاوي‬ṣafrāwī bilious; choleric | ‫( اﳊﻤـﻰ اﻟﺼـﻔﺮاوﻳﺔ‬ḥummā) yellow fever;
‫( ﺿﺤﻜﺔ ﺻﻔﺮاوﻳﺔ‬ḍaḥka) bitter, or sardonic, laugh (= Fr. rire jaune)
‫ اﺻﻔﺮار‬iṣfirār yellowing, yellow; pallor, paleness (of the face)
‫ ﻣﺼﻔﺮ‬muṣfarr yellow-colored; pale, pallid, wan
3‫ ﺻـﻔﺮ‬ṣafira a (ṣafar, ‫ ﺻـﻔﻮر‬ṣufūr) to be empty, be devoid, vacant (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of) |
‫ﺻـﻔﺮت ﻳـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ (ṣafirat yaduhū) to have lost s.th. II to empty, void,
vacate, evacuate, free (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV = II
‫ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ṣafr, ṣifr, ṣufr, ṣafir, ṣufur pl. ‫ اﺻﻔﺎر‬aṣfār empty, void, devoid, (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of),
free (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from) | ‫اﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ṣifr al-yadain empty-handed
‫ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ṣifr zero, naught; nothing
‫ اﺻﻔﺮ‬aṣfar empty, void
‫ ﻣﺼـﻔﺮ‬muṣfir empty-handed | ‫ ﻣﺼـﻔﺮ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬m. al-yad with an empty hand;
‫ ﻣﺼﻔﺮ اﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‬without any possessions at all, completely destitute
4‫ ﺻـﻔﺮ‬ṣafar pl. ‫ اﺻـﻔﺎر‬aṣfār Safar, name of the second month of the
Mohammedan year
858
1‫ ﺻﻔﺼﻒ‬ṣafṣaf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of willow (Salix Safsaf F.; bot.)
2‫ ﺻﻔﺼـﻒ‬ṣafṣaf even, level; waste, desolate, barren, empty | ‫ﻗـﺎع ﺻﻔﺼـﻒ‬

wasteland, desolate area; ‫ﺻﻔﺼﻔﺎ‬ ‫ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﻋﺎ‬to devastate s.th., lay s.th. waste
‫ ﺻـﻔﻊ‬ṣafa‘a a (ṣaf‘) to cuff, buffet, slap lightly (‫ ه‬s.o.); to slap s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
face, box s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬ears; to violate (‫ ﻫـ‬a rule) VI to slap one another
‫ ﺻﻔﻌﺔ‬ṣaf‘a (n. vic.) slap, cuff, smack; blow
‫ ﺻﻔﺎع‬ṣaffā‘ pl. -ūn a kind of buffoon
‫ ﺻـﻔﻖ‬ṣafaqa i (ṣafq) to slap, smack (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to aet into motion (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to flap, clap; to shut, slam, bang (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a door); -- ṣafuqa u (‫ ﺻـﻔﺎﻗﺔ‬ṣafāqa)
to be thick, heavy, close in texture (cloth) II to flap, clap, smack; to clap
one’s hands (also ‫)ﺑﻴﺪﻳﻪ‬, applaud (‫ ل‬s.o.); to flap (‫ ب‬the wings)
‫ ﺻـﻔﻘﺔ‬ṣafqa pl. ṣafaqāt handclasp (in concluding a deal); conclusion of a
contract (Isl. Law); deal, bargain, transaction | ‫ﺻـﻔﻘﺔ ﺧﺎﺳـﺮة‬ poor deal, bad
bargain; ‫ﺻــﻔﻘﺔ راﲝــﺔ‬ ‫ ﺻــﻔﻘﺔ واﺣــﺪة‬ṣafqatan

favorable deal, good bargain;
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wāḥidatan all at once, wholly, entirely, altogether; ‫( اﻋﻄـﻰ ﺻـﻔﻘﺔ‬a‘ṭā), ‫ﻋﻘـﺪ‬
‫ ﺻـﻔﻘﺔ‬to conclude a bargain, effect a transaction; ‫ ﻋـﺎد )رﺟـﻊ( ﺑﺼـﻔﻘﺔ اﳌﻐﺒـﻮن‬to
lose the game, return empty-handed; ‫اﳋﺎﺳﺮة‬ ‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ اﻟﺼﻔﻘﺔ‬do.
‫ ﺻﻔﺎق‬ṣifāq pl. ‫ ﺻﻔﻖ‬ṣufuq dermis underskin; peritoneum
‫ ﺻﻔﻴﻖ‬ṣafīq pl. ‫ ﺻﻔﺎق‬ṣifāq thick, heavy, close in texture (cloth) | ‫ﺻﻔﻴﻖ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬
ṣ. al-wajh impudent, insolent, brazen
‫ ﺻﻔﺎﻗﺔ‬ṣafāqa impudence, insolence, brazenness
‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻖ‬taṣfīq hand clapping; applause, acclaim | ‫ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻖ اﻻﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎن‬applause
‫ ﺻﻔﺎﻛﺲ‬ṣafākis2 Sfax (aeaport in Tunisia)
1‫ ﺻـﻔﻦ‬ṣafana i to stand with one foot (‫ )ب‬slightly raised; to pore, brood,
ponder, reflect, muse
‫ ﺻﻔﻦ‬ṣafan pl. ‫ اﺻﻔﺎن‬aṣfān scrotum
2 ‫ ﺻﻔﲔ‬ṣafīn (Juniperus Sabina; bot.)
‫)ﺻـﻔﺎ )ﺻــﻔﻮ‬ ṣafā u (ṣafw, ṣufūw, ‫ﺻـﻔﺎء‬ ṣafā’) to be or become clear,
unpolluted, limpid, cloudless, untroubled, serene, undisturbed, pure; ‫ ﺻﻔﺎ ﻟـ‬to
apply o.s. to s.th. with clear intent, devote o.s. wholeheartedly to, be
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completely given to, be solely preoccupied with, be exclusively ready for

(heart, mind) II to make clear, limpid, pure, clarify, clear, purify (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
settle, straighten out (‫ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬mas’alatan a question, a problem); to remove the
water, pour off the water (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.th., e.g., in cooking; also ‫اﳌـﺎء‬ ‫;) ﺻـﻔﺎﻩ ﻣـﻦ‬
to rid of moisture, dry out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to clarify, purify, rectify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by
removing s.th.); to filter, strain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to settle, pay, liquidate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
realize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬assets) III to be sincere (‫ ه‬toward s.o), deal honestly (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
IV = III (‫ ه‬or ‫)ل‬: to be no longer in a position (to ), posses no longer,
forfeit; to cease composing poetry (poet) | ‫ﻟﺸـﻲء‬ ‫ اﺻـﻔﺎﻩ‬to have s.o. in mind
for s.th., choose, select, or single out s.o. for s.th.. grant s.o. s.th. in
preference to others, bestow upon s.o. s.th. (‫ﻓـﻼن‬ ‫ دون‬which others do not
have) VI to be sincere toward one another, be honest with one another, be of
pure intent toward one another VIII to choose, select (‫ ه‬s.o.) X = VIII; to
deem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) clear or pure | ‫اﺳﺘﺼـﻔﻰ ﻣﺎﻟـﻪ‬ to realize all one’s assets; to
Confidential
confiscate s.o.’s property
‫ ﺻـﻔﻮ‬ṣafw clearness, clarity, limpidity, untroubledness, cloudlessness,
serenity, purity, sheerness; happiness, felicity, pleasure, delight; clear,
limpid; untroubled, undisturbed, serene, pure, sheer
‫ ﺻــﻔﻮة‬ṣafwa the best, or choicest, part, prime, cream, flower, elite,
quintessence
‫ ﺻﻔﺎ‬ṣafan (coll.: n. un. ‫ ﺻﻔﺎة‬ṣafāh pl. ‫ ﺻﻔﻮات‬ṣafawāt) stone(s), rock(s)
‫ ﺻﻔﻮان‬ṣafwān stones, rocks
‫ ﺻﻔﻮة‬ṣifwa sincere friend, best friend, bosom friend
‫ ﺻـﻔﺎء‬ṣafā’ clearness, clarity, limpidity, untroubledness, cloudlessness,
serenity, purity, sheerness; happiness, felicity, serenity, gaiety, cheerfulness;
sincerity, candor, honesty | ‫ﺻﻔﺎء‬ ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬pleasant time, delightful hours
‫ ﺻـﻔﻰ‬ṣafīy clear, limpid, untroubled, undisturbed, serene, cloudless, pure,
sheer; (pl. ‫ اﺻﻔﻴﺎء‬aṣfiyā’2) sincere friend, best friend, bosom friend
‫ ﺻـﻔﻴﺔ‬ṣafīya pl. ‫ ﺻـﻔﺎ‬ṣalafīya leader’s share of the loot; lion’s share of the
booty
‫ ﻣﺼﻔﻰ‬maṣfan refinery
‫ ﻣﺼﻔﻰ‬miṣfan sieve
860
‫ ﻣﺼـﻔﺎة‬miṣfāh pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎف‬maṣāfin strainer, colander, filter; strainer cloth;

sieve; refinery, purification plant | ‫اﻟﻘﻬﻮة‬ ‫ ﻣﺼﻔﺎة‬coffee filter, percolator
‫ ﺗﺼــﻔﻴﺔ‬taṣfiya pl. -āt clarification, clearance, purification (also fig.);
filtering, filtration; elimination (also in sports); settlement, straightening out,
adjustment; clearing (com.); liquidation (com.); clearance sale | ‫ﺗﺼــﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ اﳊﺴـﺎ ت‬t. al-ḥisābāt settlement of accounts; ‫ ﻣـﺄﻣﻮر اﻟﺘﺼـﻔﻴﺔ‬official receiver,
receiver in equity
‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﻓﺎة‬muṣāfāh cordiality, concord, harmony; good will, sincere attitude
or disposition
‫ ﺗﺼﺎف‬taṣāfin peaceful settlement, compromise (‫ ﺑﲔ‬between)
‫ اﺻﻄﻔﺎء‬iṣṭifā’ selection (also biol.)
‫ اﺳﺘﺼﻄﻔﺎء‬istiṣfā’: ‫ اﺻﻄﻔﺎء اﻷﻣﻮال‬sequestration of property
‫ ﺻــﺎف‬ṣāfin clear, limpid; sheer, pure, straight, unmixed, undiluted,
unadulterated; untroubled, undisturbed; serene; pure; net | ‫ ﺻـﺎﰱ اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ‬ṣ. an-
nīya sincere, candid, openhearted; ‫ ﺻـﺎﰲ اﳊﻤﻮﻟـﺔ‬net tonnage; ‫ ﺻـﺎﰱ اﻷر ح‬net
Confidential
profit
‫ ﻣﺼـﻒ‬muṣaffin official receiver, receiver in equity; clarifier, clarifying
agent
‫ ﻣﺼﻔﻰ‬muṣaffan purified, pure, clear, limpid, cloudless
‫ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ‬mušṭafan chosen, selected; ‫ اﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ‬epithet of Mohammed
‫ ﺻﻔﲑ‬ṣafīr sapphire
‫( ﺻﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬It. scala) ṣaqāla pl. ‫ ﺻﻘﺎﺋﻞ‬ṣaqā’il2 scaffold; gangway, gangplank
‫ ﺻـﻘﺐ‬III to approach (‫ ه‬s.o.), go or come near (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be neighbor (‫ه‬
with s.o.), be adjacent (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.), adjoin (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
O ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬muṣāqaba affinity
1‫ ﺻﻘﺮ‬ṣaqr pl. ‫ ﺻﻘﻮر‬ṣuqūr, ‫ اﺻﻘﺮ‬aṣqur saker, falcon, hawk
2‫ ﺻﺎﻗﻮر‬ṣaqūr stone axe
‫ ﺻـﻘﻊ‬ṣaqa‘a a (ṣaq‘, ‫ ﺻـﻘﺎع‬ṣuqā‘) to crow (rooster); pass. ṣuqi‘a to be

covered with hoarfrost (ground) II to be icy, ice-cold, frozen
‫ ﺻـﻘﻊ‬ṣuq‘ pl. ‫ اﺻـﻘﺎع‬aṣqā‘ area, region, country, district, locality, land |
‫( اﻷﺻﻘﺎع اﳌﺘﺠﻤﺪة اﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬mutajammida, janūbīya) the Antarctic
861
‫ ﺻﻘﻌﺔ‬ṣaq‘a frost, severe cold

‫ ﺻﻘﻴﻊ‬saqī‘ frost; ice; hoarfrost
‫ اﺻﻘﻊ‬asqa‘2 more eloquent
‫ ﻣﺼﻘﻊ‬miṣqa‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﻗﻊ‬maṣāqi‘ eloquent; loud-voiced, having a stentorian
voice
1‫ ﺻـﻘﻞ‬ṣaqala u (ṣaql, ‫ ﺻـﻘﺎل‬ṣiqāl) to smooth, polish, burnish, cut (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to refine (‫ ﻫـ‬style, taste, and the like) VII to become smooth
‫ ﺻﻘﻞ‬ṣaqala u polishing, burnishing | ‫ ﺻﻘﻞ اﻷذﻫﺎن‬mental training
‫ ﺻﻘﻴﻞ‬ṣaqīl polished, burnished; smooth, shiny, glossy
‫ ﺻﻘﺎل‬ṣaqqāl polisher. smoother
‫ ﺻﻴﻘﻞ‬ṣaiqal pl. -āt ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻗﻞ‬maṣāqil2 polisher, smoother
‫ ﻣﺼﻘﻠﺔ‬miṣqala pl. ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻗﻞ‬maṣāqil2 burnisher (tool)
‫ ﻣﺼﻘﻮل‬maṣqūl polished, burnished; cut (glass, and the like); acute, refined
(wit)
2 ‫ ﺻﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬look up alphabetically
Confidential
‫ ﺻﻘﻠﺐ‬ṣaqlab pl. ‫ ﺻﻘﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬ṣaqāliba Slav
‫ ﺻﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ṣiqillīya Sicily
2‫ ﺻـﻚ‬ṣakka u (ṣakk) to beat, strike; to shut, lock (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the door) | ‫ﺻـﻜﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ اﻵذان‬his ears were tingling or ringing; ‫( ﺻﻚ ﲰﻌﻪ‬sam‘ahū) to strike s.o.’s ear
(noise); to roar in s.o.’s ears VIII to knock together, shake, tremble, (knees),
chatter (teeth)
2‫ ﺻـﻚ‬ṣakk pl. ‫ﺻـﻜﻮك‬ ṣukūk, ‫ﺻـﻜﺎك‬ ṣikāk, ‫اﺻـﻚ‬ aṣukk (instrunlent of)
contract (Isl. Law); legal instrument, document, deed; check, cheque
1‫ ﺻﻠﺔ‬see ‫وﺻﻞ‬
2‫ ﺻﻞ‬ṣalla i (‫ ﺻﻠﻴﻞ‬ṣalīl) to ring, clink, clank, clatter, rattle
‫ ﺻﻞ‬ṣill pl. ‫ اﺻﻼل‬aṣlāl, ‫ ﺻﻼل‬ṣilāl a variety of venomous adder, viper

‫ ﺻﻠﻴﻞ‬ṣalīl rattle, clatter, clash (e.g., of weapons), jingling (of coins)
1‫ ﺻـﻠﺐ‬ṣaluba u (‫ ﺻـﻼﺑﺔ‬ṣalāba) and ṣaliba a to be or become hard, firm,
solid, stiff, or rigid, solidify, harden, set, stiffen II to make hard, firm, solid,
stiff, or rigid, harden, solidify, stiffen, indurate (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to support,
862
prop, shore up (A s.th.); to harden (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the heart) V = I; to show o.s. hard or

severe
‫ ﺻـﻠﺐ‬ṣulb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid; steel; -- (pl. ‫ اﺻـﻠﺐ‬aṣlub, ‫اﺻـﻼب‬
aṣlāb) spinal column, backbone; loins; -- text,
body (of a book, and the like) | ‫اﻟـﺮأي‬ ‫ ﺻـﻠﺐ‬ṣ. ar-ra’y obstinate, stubborn,
headstrong, opinionated; ‫ ﺻـﻠﺐ اﻟﺮﻗﺒـﺔ‬ṣ. ar-raqaba do.; ‫ ﺻـﻠﺐ اﻟﻌـﻮد‬ṣ. al-‘ūd of
robust physique, strongly built, husky, sturdy; stubborn, resistant,
unbending, unyielding, relentless; ‫ﺻﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫( ﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ‬ibn ṣulbihī) and ‫ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﺒﻪ‬he
is his own son, his offspring; ‫( دراﻣـﺔ ﻣﺴـﺘﺨﺮﺟﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺻـﻠﺐ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬mustakraja min
ṣulbi l-ḥayāh) a drama taken from real life; ‫ ﰲ ﺻﻠﺒﻪ‬at heart, in his innermost
‫ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬ṣulba: ‫ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﲔ‬ṣ. al-4ain sclera (anat.)

‫ ﺻﻠﻴﺐ‬ṣalīb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid
‫ ﺻــﻼﺑﺔ‬ṣalāba hardness, callousness; hardening, induration; firmness,
solidity, stiffness, rigidity; stubbornness, obstinacy, unyieldingness;
intolerance | ‫ﺻـﻼﺑﺔ اﻟﻌـﻮد‬ ṣ. al-‘ūd sternness, severity, hardness, obstinacy,
Confidential
stubbornness, inflexibility, relentlessness
‫ ﺗﺼـﻠﺐ‬taṣallub hardness, callousness, hardening | ‫ ﺗﺼــﻠﺐ اﻟﺸـﺮاﺑﲔ‬t. aš-
šarābīn arteriosclerosis
‫ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺐ‬mutaṣallib unyielding, inflexible, relentless, hard
2‫ ﺻـﻠﺐ‬ṣalaba i (ṣalb) to crucify (‫ ه‬s.o.) II = I; to make the sign of the
cross (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over); to cross o.s.; to cross, fold (‫ ﻫـ‬one’s arms)

‫ ﺻﻠﺐ‬ṣulb crucifixion
‫ ﺻﻠﻴﺐ‬ṣalīb pl. ‫ ﺻﻠﺒﺎن‬ṣulbān, ‫ ﺻﻠﺐ‬ṣulub cross | ‫( اﻟﺼـﻠﻴﺐ اﳉﻨﻮﻳـﺐ‬janūbī) the
Southern Cross (astron.); ‫ اﻟﺼــﻠﻴﺐ اﻷﲪــﺮ‬the Red Cross; ‫ﺻــﻠﻴﺐ ﻣﻌﻘــﻮف‬
swastika; ‫ ﺷـﺎرة اﻟﺼـﻠﻴﺐ‬and ‫ اﺷـﺎرة اﻟﺼـﻠﻴﺐ‬sign of the cross (Chr.); ‫ﻋـﻮد اﻟﺼـﻠﻴﺐ‬
‘ūd aṣ-ṣ. peony (Paeonis; bot.)
‫ ﺻﻠﻴﱯ‬ṣalībī: ‫ اﳊﺮوب اﻟﺼﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬the crusades; ‫ اﻟﺼﻠﻴﺒﻴﻮن‬the crusaders
‫ ﺻﻠﺒﻮت‬ṣalbūt (representation of the) crucifixion, crucifix
‫ ﻣﺼﻠﺐ‬muṣallab crossing, interjunction (of roads)
‫ ﺻـﻠﺖ‬ṣaluta u (‫ ﺻـﻠﻮﺗﺔ‬ṣulūta) to be glossy, be smooth and shining IV to
draw, unsheathe (‫ اﻟﺴﻴﻒ‬as-saifa the sword); pass. uṣlita to be drawn (sword)
863
1‫ ﺻﻠﺞ‬ṣullaj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt cocoon, chrysalis of the silkworm
2‫ ﺻﻮﳉﺎن‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺻـﻠﺢ‬ṣalaḥa u a (‫ ﺻـﻼح‬ṣalāḥ, ‫ ﺻـﻠﻮح‬ṣulūḥ, ‫ ﻣﺼـﻠﺤﺔ‬maṣlaḥa) and ṣaluḥa u

(‫ ﺻـﻼح‬ṣalāḥ, ‫ ﺻـﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬ṣaāḥīya) to be good, right, proper, in order, righteous,
pious, godly; to be well, thrive; to be usable, useful, practicable, serviceable,
fitting, suitable, or appropriate (‫ ل‬for), lend itself (‫ ل‬to), suit, match (‫ ل‬s.th.),
fit (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬s.th. or s.o.), apply (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬to s.o. or s.th.); to be admissible, permissible
(‫ ﻣﻊ‬in, at, with); to be valid. hold true (‫ ل‬for) II to put in order, settle, adjust,
restore, restitute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make amends, compensate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to mend,
improve, ameliorate, fix, repair (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to make peace, become

reconciled, make up, reach a compromise or settlement (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
foster peace (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between), reconcile (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬people) IV to put in order, settle,
adjust (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.), overhaul, restore, restitute, rebuild, reconstruct; to
make amends, compensate (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬for); to mend, improve, ameliorate, fix,
Confidential
repair (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make suitable or fitting, adjust, modify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
reform (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to remove, remedy (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make arable or
cultivable, reclaim, cultivate, till, (‫ ﻫـ‬land); to further, promote, encourage (‫ه‬

s.o.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) thrive or prosper, bring good luck (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to make
peace (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between), bring together (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬people), bring about an agreement
(‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between), conciliate (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬people) VI to make peace, make up, become
reconciled with one another VII to be put in order, be righted, be corrected,
be improved, be ameliorated VIII = VI; to agree (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on), accept, adopt (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
s.th.) X to deem (‫ ه‬s.th.) good, proper, suitable, fitting, usable, useful,
practicable, or serviceable; to make arable, cultivable, reclaim (‫ ﻫـ‬land)
‫ ﺻـﻠﺢ‬ṣulḥ peace, (re)conciliation, settlement, composition, compromise;
peace (pol.), peacemaking, conclusion of peace | ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺢ‬ ‫( ﺣﺎﻛﻢ‬Syr.) justice of
the peace; ‫ ﻗﺎﺿـﻲ اﻟﺼـﻠﺢ‬do.; ‫ ﻗﻀـﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺼـﻠﺢ‬qaḍawīyat aṣ-ṣ. jurisdiction of the
‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺼﻠﺢ‬
864
‫ ﺻﻠﺤﻲ‬ṣulḥī of peace, peace (adj.); arbitrative, arbitrational, arbitration (in

compounds) | ‫ﺻﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﳉﻨﺔ‬lajna) arbitration committee
‫ ﺻــﻼح‬ṣalāḥ goodness, properness, rightness; usability, practicability,
usefulness; righteousness, probity, piety, godliness
‫ ﺻـﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬ṣalāḥīya suitability, fitness, appropriateness, aptness; efficiency;
usability, practicability, usefulness, use, worth; serviceability, proper or
working condition (e.g., of a machine); competence; validity. applicability;
(pl. -āt) full or mandatory power. power of attorney, also ‫ﺻــﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻣــﺔ‬
(tāmma) | ‫ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺟﻬﺎت ذات‬competent authorities; ‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﺼـﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬muṭlaq aṣ-
ṣ. plenipotentiary (dipl.)
‫ ﺻﻠﻮﺣﻴﺔ‬ṣalūḥīya = ‫ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬ṣalāḥīya
‫ اﺻﻠﺢ‬aṣlaḥ2 better, more proper, more correct; more pious, godlier; fitter,
more suitable
‫ ﻣﺼـﻠﺤﺔ‬maṣlaḥa pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﱀ‬maṣāliḥ2 matter, affair; requirement. exigency;
that which is beneficial, helpful, or promoting; advantage, benefit, interest,
good, welfare; office, authority, department, governmental agency,
administration (chiefly Eg.) | ‫اﳌﺼـﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﺼـﻠﺤﺔ اﻵ ر‬miṣrīya) Administration of
Confidential
Egyptian Antiquities;
‫ﻣﺼـﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺼـﺎﱀ اﻷﻣـﺔ‬
postal administration;
m. al-umma the welfare of the people;
‫ﻣﺼـﻠﺤﺔ اﳊـﺪود‬
the territories outside the cultivated area (Eg.);
administrative agency for
‫اﳌﺼـﺎﱀ اﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬ (ḥukūmīya)
the governmental agencies; ‫ ﻣﺼـﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺼـﺤﺔ‬m. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa health office; ‫اﳌﺼـﻠﺤﺔ‬

‫‘( اﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬āmma) public welfare, commonweal; ‫ ﰲ ﻣﺼـﻠﺤﺔ ﻓـﻼن‬in s.o.’s interest;
‫( ﰲ اﳌﺼـﻠﺤﺔ واﳌﻔﺴـﺪة‬mafsada) in good and bad times, for better or for worse;
‫ ﳌﺼـﻠﺤﺔ ﻓـﻼن‬in s.o.’s favor, for the benefit of s.o., to s.o.’s advantage, on
behalf of s.o., in s.o.’s interest; ‫ﻓﻼن‬ ‫ ﺧﺪم ﻣﺼﺎﱀ‬to serve s.o.’s interests
‫ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﻲ‬maṣlaḥī administrational, official, governmental
‫ ﺗﺼـﻠﻴﺢ‬taṣlīḥ restoration, restitution, mending, fixing, overhauling, repair,
improvement, amelioration
‫ ﻣﺼ ــﺎﳊﺔ‬muṣālaḥa peace, conciliation; compromise; composition,
settlement
‫ اﺻــﻼح‬iṣlāḥ pl. -āt restoration, restitution, redressing, reparation;
improvement, amelioration, betterment, mending, correction;
reconstruction; reconditioning, repair; renovation, refurbishing; adjustment,
865
settling, remedying, removal, elimination; restoration of order,

establishment of peace, happiness and order; reformation, reform;
reclamation, cultivation (of land); (re)conciliation, settlement, compromise,
peacemaking (‫ ﺑﲔ‬between)
‫ اﺻــﻼﺣﻲ‬iṣlāḥī reformatory, reformational, reform- (in compounds);
reformer, reformist | ‫اﺻﻼﺣﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﻌﻬﺪ‬ma‘had) reformatory, house of correction
‫ اﺻـﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬iṣlāḥīya revisionism, reformism; (pl. -āt) reformatory, house of
correction
‫ ﺗﺼﺎﱀ‬taṣāluḥ (re)conciliation
‫ اﺻـﻄﻼح‬iṣṭilāḥ pl. -āt agreement, convention, practice, usage; (colloquial,
linguistic) usage; technical term, terminus technicus
‫ اﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ‬iṣṭilāḥī conventional; technical (of a term)
‫ اﺳﺘﺼﻼح‬istiṣlāḥ reclamation, cultivation
‫ ﺻـﺎﱀ‬ṣāliḥ good, right, proper, sound; thorough, substantial, downright,
out-and-out, solid; virtuous, pious, devout, godly; usable, useful,
practicable, serviceable, fitting, suitable, appropriate (‫ ل‬for); (pl. ‫ﺻـﻮاﱀ‬
ṣawāliḥ) advantage, benefit, interest, good, welfare | ‫اﻟﺼـﺎﱀ‬ ‫( اﻟﺴـﻠﻒ‬salaf) the
Confidential
worthy ancestors, the venerable forefathers;
practicable (road);
‫ﺻــﺎﱀ اﻟﺴــﲑ‬ (sair) passable,
‫‘( ﺻــﺎﱀ ﻟﻠﻌﻤــﻞ‬amal) fit for action, ready for use,
serviceable, practicable; valid (‫ ل‬for), applicable (‫ ل‬to); ‫‘( اﻟﺼـﺎﱀ اﻟﻌـﺎم‬āmm)
public welfare, commonweal; ‫( ﰲ ﺻـﺎﱀ‬with foll. genit.) in favor of, for the
benefit of, to the advantage of, in the interest of s.o. or s.th.; ‫ ﻟﺼـﺎﱀ‬do.; ‫ﻛـﺎن‬
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺎﳊﻪ‬it was in his interest; ‫( ﺻﻮاﱀ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬šakṣīya) personal interests
‫ اﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎت‬aṣ-ṣāliḥāt the good works, the good deeds
‫ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ‬muṣāliḥ peacemaker, conciliator
‫ ﻣﺼﻠﺢ‬muṣliḥ peacemaker, conciliator; reformer, reformist; salt
‫ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬muṣṭalaḥ and ‫ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬generally accepted, universally followed,
commonly established, conventional, customary; (pl. -āt technical term,
terminus techniques
‫ ﺻﻠﺪ‬ṣalada (‫ ﺻﻼدة‬ṣalāda, ‫ ﺻﻠﻮدة‬ṣulūda) to be or become hard, firm, solid,
compact (ground) IV = I
‫ ﺻﻠﺪ‬ṣald pl. ‫ اﺻﻼد‬aṣlād hard, firm, solid, dry, barren, arid (ground); rigid,
lifeless, inert
866
‫ ﺻﻠﻮدة‬ṣulūda hardness, firmness, solidity (of the ground)

‫( ﺻﻠﺼﺔ‬It. salsa) ṣalṣa pl. -āt and ‫ ﺻﻠﺺ‬sauce | ‫ ﺻﻠﺼﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻮﻧﻴﺰ‬mayonnaise
‫ ﺻﻠﺼﻞ‬ṣalṣala to ring, clink, clank; to clatter, rattle, II taṣalṣala do.
‫ ﺻﻠﺼﻠﺔ‬ṣalṣala clank(ing), clatter(ing), clash, rattle
‫ ﺻﻠﺼﺎل‬ṣalsāl dry clay, argillaceous earth
‫ ﻣﺼﻠﻄﺢ‬muṣalṭaḥ = ‫ ﻣﺴﻠﻄﺢ‬shallow, shoal, flat
‫ ﺻﻠﻊ‬ṣali‘a a (ṣala‘) to be bald
‫ ﺻﻠﻊ‬ṣala‘ baldness
‫ ﺻﻠﻌﺔ‬ṣul‘a, ṣala‘a bald pate, bald head
‫ اﺻﻠﻊ‬aṣla‘2, ‫ ﺻﻠﻌﺎء‬ṣal‘ā’2, pl. ‫ ﺻﻠﻊ‬ṣul‘, ‫ ﺻﻠﻌﺎن‬ṣul‘ān bald(-headed)
‫ ﺻـﻠﻌﻢ‬abbreviation of the eulogy following the name of the Prophet
Mohammed: ‫( ﷺ‬ṣallā, ṣallam) God bless him and grant him salvation!
‫ ﺻﻠﻒ‬ṣalifa a (ṣalaf) to boast, brag, bluster, swagger V = I
‫ ﺻـﻠﻒ‬ṣalaf vainglory, bragging, boasting, conceit, arrogance, pomposity,
Confidential
self-importance
‫ ﺻـﻠﻒ‬ṣalif pl. ‫ ﺻـﻠﻔﺎء‬ṣulafā’2 vainglorious, bragging, boastful, showing
off, pompous, blustering, swagering; braggart, boaster, show-off, swaggerer,
fourflusher
‫ ﺗﺼ ــﻠﻒ‬taṣalluf vainglory, bragging, boasting, conceit, arrogance,
pomposity, self-importance
‫ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﻒ‬mutaṣallif vainglorious, bragging, boastful, showing off, pompous,
blustering, swagering
‫ ﺻﻠﻮ‬II to perform the salat (‫ ﺻـﻠﻮة‬see below), pray, worship | ‫ ﺻـﻠﻰ ﻟﻨـﺎس‬to
lead people in prayer; ‫ ﺻـﻠﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to pray for; (of God) to bless s.o.: ‫ﺻـﻠﻰ ﷲ‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ وﺳـﻠﻢ‬sallam) God bless him and grant him salvation! (eulogy after the
name of the Prophet Mohammed)
‫ ﺻﻼة‬,‫ ﺻﻠﻮة‬ṣalāh pl. ‫ ﺻﻠﻮات‬ṣalawāt salat, the official Islamic prayer ritual;
intercession, intercessory prayer, benediction; blessing, grace (of God)
|‫ﻧﻴـﺔ‬
‫( اﻟﺼـﻼة اﻟﺮ‬rabbānīyra) the Lord’s prayer; ‫ ﺻـﻼة اﻟـﱰاوﻳﺢ‬a prayer performed
during the nights of Ramadan; ‫ ﺻﻼة اﻟﺴﺘﺎر‬vesper prayer (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺼﻞ‬muṣallin prayer, worshiper
‫ ﻣﺼﻠﻰ‬muṣallan place of prayer, oratory
867
‫ ﺻﻠﻮن‬ṣalūn salon, parlor, reception room

‫ ﺻﻠﻰ‬ṣallā i (ṣaly) to roast, broil, fry (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); -- ṣaliya a (ṣalan, ṣulīy, ‫ﺻﻼء‬
ṣilā’) to burn (intr.; ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬in); to be exposed to the blaze of (‫ ب‬or ‫ )ﻫ ـ‬II to
warm, heat (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with or on) IV = II (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. on or with); to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) burn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in. esp. ‫ اﻟﻨـﺎر‬in the fire) | ‫( اﺻـﻼﻩ را ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﲑة‬gaira) to make s.o.
undergo the most excruciating pangs of jealousy; ‫را‬ ‫ اﺻﻼﻩ‬to set s.th. on fire;
to fire at s.o. or s.th. (mil.) V to warm o.s., seek warmth (‫ ب‬at, by, ‫ ﻟﻨـﺎر‬by
the fire) VIII = V|‫( ﻻ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎرﻩ‬yuṣṯalā bi-nārihī) invincible, a great hero
‫ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﻰ‬muṣṯalan fireplace
‫ ﺻـﻢ‬ṣamma (1st pers. perf. ṣamimtu) a (ṣamm, ‫ﺻـﻤﻢ‬ṣamam) to be or
become deaf; -- ṣamma (1st pers. perf. ṣamamtu) u (ṣamm) to close, plug,
cork, stopper (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a bottle) II to deafen (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make up one’s
mind (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.o.); to make up one’s mind (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.), determine
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon, to do s.th.), resolve, be determined (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.), decide (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Confidential
on, to do s.th.); to persist (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in); to deoign (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to plan (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
design (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. for) IV to be or become deaf; to deafen (‫ ه‬s.o.), make (.

s.o.) deaf (‫ ﻋﻦ‬,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.) VI to give a deaf ear (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to)
‫ ﺻﻤﺔ‬ṣimma plug, cork, stopper
‫ ﺻﻤﻢ‬deafness |‫ ﻛﺎن ﰲ ﺻﻤﻢ ﻋﻦ‬to be deaf to s.th.
‫ ﺻـﻤﺎم‬ṣimām pl. -āt plug, cork, stopper; valve, tube (radio) | ‫ﺻـﻤﺎم اﻷﻣـﺎن‬
‫ ))اﻷﻣـﻦ‬s. al-amān (al-amn) safety valve; O ‫ ﺻـﻤﺎم اﻟﺘﻘـﻮﱘ‬rectifier tube; ‫رﻓـﻊ‬
‫ اﻟﺼﻤﺎم ﻋﻦ‬to let s.th. take its course, give free rein to s.th. (also to a feeling)
O ‫ ﺻﻤﺎﻣﺔ‬ṣammāma embolism (med.)
‫ ﺻـﻤﻴﻢ‬ṣamīm innermost, heart; core, essence, marrow, pith; true, sincere,
genuine | ‫ﻣــﻦ ﺻــﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻠــﺐ‬ (ṣ. il-qalb) from the bottom of the heart,
wholeheartedly, most sincerely; ‫ﺻـﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬... amid, in; ‫ ﺿـﺮﺑﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺼـﻤﻴﻢ‬to affect
s.o. to the very core, touch s.o. most deeply
‫ ﺻﻤﻴﻤﻲ‬cordial, hearty
868
‫ اﺻـﻢ‬aṣamm2, f. ‫ ﺻـﻤﺎء‬ṣammā’2, pl. ‫ ﺻـﻢ‬ṣumm, ‫ ﺻـﻤﺎن‬ṣummān deaf; hard

and solid, massive (rock); ‫ اﻷﺻﻢ‬the deaf one, epithet of the month of Rajab |
‫( ﻓﻌـﻞ اﺻـﻢ‬fi‘l) triliteral verb with identical second and third radical, verbum
mediae geminatae (gram.); ‫( اﺻــﻢ اﺻـﻠﺦ‬aṣlak) stone-deaf; ‫( ﺟـﺬر اﺻـﻢ‬jadr)
irrational or surd root (math.), ‫ آﻟﺔ ﺻﻤﺎء‬willing tool
‫ ﺗﺼـﻤﻴﻢ‬taṣmīm determination (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for, to do s.th.), resolution, decision;
resolute action; tenacious pursuit (of a plan); planning, projecting; design,
designing (e.g., of a dress); (pl. –āt, ‫ ﺗﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ‬taṣāmīm2) plan; design; sketch| ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻓﻼن‬designed by so-and so
‫ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ‬muṣammim determined (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.)|‫ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ اﻻز ء‬fashion creator,
designer
‫ ﺻـﻤﺖ‬ṣamata u (ṣamt, ‫ ﺻـﻤﻮت‬ṣumūt) to be silent, be taciturn, hold one’s
tongue, hush up, be or become quiet or still II to silence (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II
‫ ﺻﻤﺖ‬ṣamt silence | ‫ ﰲ ﺻﻤﺖ‬silently, quietly
Confidential
‫ ﺻﻤﻮت‬ṣumūt silence; pl. of act. participle ‫ﺻﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ ﺻﻤﻮت‬ṣamūt silent, taciturn
‫ ﺻﺎﻣﺖ‬ṣāmit pl. ‫ ﺻﻤﻮت‬ṣumūt silent | ‫ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﻣﺘﺔ‬silent film
‫ ﻣﺼــﻤﺖ‬muṣammat uniform (color); plain, unpatterned, blank (wall);
uniform in texture, made of a single material; massive, solid, not hollow,
compact
‫ ﺻﻤﺎخ‬ṣimàk pl. ‫ اﺻﻤﺨﺔ‬aṣmika auditory meatus
‫ ﺻـﻤﺪ‬ṣamada u (ṣamd) to betake o.s., repair, go (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to, into,
toward), to turn, apply o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); -- (‫ ﺻـﻤﻮد‬ṣumūd) to defy,
hrave, withstand (‫ ﰲ وﺟﻬﻪ‬fī wajhihī or ‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), to stand up (‫ ﰲ وﺟﻬﻪ‬or ‫ل‬
against s.o. or s.th.), resist, oppose (‫ ﰲ وﺟﻬﻪ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. or s.th.); to hold out ( ‫ﰲ‬
‫ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬or ‫ ل‬against); -- i to close, plug, cork, stopper (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a bottle) II
to betake o.s., repair, go (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to, toward), to close, plug, cork,
stopper (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a bottle), to save, lay by (money) III to come to blows,
fight (‫ ه‬with s.o.)

‫ ﺻﻤﺪ‬ṣamad lord; eternal, everlasting (epithet of God)
869
‫ ﺻﻤﺪاﱏ‬ṣamadānī eternal, everlasting

‫ ﺻﻤﺎدة‬ṣimāda (ir.) headcloth (worn by men)
‫ ﺻﻤﺼﻢ‬ṣamṣama to persist (‫ ﰱ‬in)
‫ ﺻـﻮﻣﻌﺔ‬ṣauma‘a pl. ‫ ﺻـﻮاﻣﻊ‬ṣawāmi‘2 monk’s cell, hermitage; silo (for grain
storage); (mor.) minaret
‫ ﺻﻤﻎ‬II to gum (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to paste, glue (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to exude gum (tree)
‫ ﺻـﻤﻎ‬samg pl. ‫ ﺻـﻤﻮغ‬ṣumūg gum, resin | ‫ ﺻـﻤﻎ ﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬mucilage; ‫ﺻـﻤﻎ ﻋـﺮﰊ‬
‫ ﺻـﻤﻎ اﻟﻠـﻚ‬s. al-lakk shellac; ‫( ﺻـﻤﻎ ﻣـﺮن‬marin) rubber,
(‘arabī) gum arabic;
caoutchouc; ‫( ﺻﻤﻎ ﻫﻨﺪي‬hindī) do.; ‫ ﺷﺠﺮ اﻟﺼﻤﻎ‬šajar aṣ-ṣ. rubber trees
‫ ﺻﻤﻐﻲ‬ṣamgī gummy, gummiferous, gumlike, mucilaginous
‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻎ‬taṣmīg gumming; resinification
1‫ ﺻـﻤﻞ‬ṣamala u (ṣaml) to be firm, be hard, hold one’s ground, stand firm,
hold out, last, endure
‫ ﺻﻤﻞ‬ṣaml rigidity, stiffness, | ‫( ﺻﻤﻞ ﺟﻴﻔﻲ‬jīfī) rigor mortis
2‫ ﺻﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ṣamūla pl. ‫ ﺻﻮاﻣﻞ‬ṣawāmil2, ‫ ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ‬ṣāmūla pl. ‫ ﺻـﻮاﻣﻴﻞ‬ṣawāmīl2 nut
Confidential
(of a bolt), rivet
‫ ﺻﻤﻼخ‬ṣimlāk pl. ‫ ﺻﻤﺎﻟﻴﺦ‬ṣamālīk2 earwax, cerumen
‫ ﺻـﻤﻰ‬IV to deal (‫ ه‬s.o.) a fatal blow, to hit (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) fatally | ‫رﻣـﻰ‬
‫ ﻓﺎﺻﻤﻰ‬ramā fa-aṣmā to shoot and hit, shoot dead on the spot
‫ ﺻﻦ‬ṣann basket
‫ ﺻﻨﺔ‬ṣinna odor emanating from the armpit
‫ ﺻﻨﺎن‬ṣunān odor emanating from the armpit
‫ ﺻﻨﺎرة‬ṣinnāra pl. ‫ ﺻﻨﺎﻧﲑ‬ṣanānīr2 hook, fishhook
‫ ﺻﻨﺒﻮر‬ṣanbūr pl. ‫ ﺻﻨﺎﺑﲑ‬ṣanābīr2 (water) faucet, tap
‫ ﺻﻨﱪ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺻﻨﺘﻴﻢ‬ṣantīm pl. -āt centime (1/100 franc)
1‫ ﺻﻨﺞ‬ṣanj pl. ‫ ﺻﻨﻮج‬ṣunūj cymbal (mus.)
2‫ ﺻﻨﺠﺔ‬ṣinja = 1‫ﺳﻨﺠﺔ‬
3‫ ﺻﻨﺠﺎت‬ṣanajāt castanets
‫ ﺻﻨﺠﻘﻴﺔ‬ṣanjaqīya see ‫ﺳﻨﺠﻖ‬
870
‫ ﺻﻨﺪﻳﺪ‬ṣindīd pl. ‫ ﺻﻨﺎدﻳﺪ‬ṣanādīd leader, notable; brave, valiant

‫ ﺻــﻨﺪوق‬ṣundūq, ṣandūq pl. ‫ ﺻــﻨﺎدﻳﻖ‬ṣanādīq2 crate, box; chest; trunk,
suitcase; case, cabinet; money box; till, coffer; pay office, treasurer’s office;
any public institution where funds are deposited and disbursed for a special
purpose (e.g., sick fund, health insurance, etc.) | ‫ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﱪﻳﺪ‬post-office box;
‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬ mailbox; ‫اﻟﺪوﱄ‬
‫ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﻨﻘﺪ‬ṣ. an-naqd ad-duwalī International
Monetary Fund; ‫ ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ‬savings bank; ‫( اﺑﻮ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق‬eg.) hunchback; ‫اﻣﲔ‬
‫ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق‬treasurer; ‫ دﻓﱰ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق‬daftar aṣ-ṣ. cashbook
‫ ﺻـﻨﺪل‬ṣandal sandalwood; sandals; (pl. ‫ ﺻـﻨﺎدل‬ṣanādil2) (freight) barge;
lighter, barge
‫ ﺻﻨﺎرة‬look up alphabetically
1‫ ﺻـﻨﻊ‬ṣana‘a a (ṣan‘, ṣun‘, ‫ ﺻـﻨﻴﻊ‬ṣanī‘) to do, make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to arrange,
stage, put on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to produce, build, manufacture, fabricate, design (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to work, treat, process (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻣﻌﺮوﻓـﺎ‬ ‫ ﺻـﻨﻊ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬to do s.o. a favor; ‫ﺻـﻨﻊ‬
‫ ﻣﻌـﻪ ﲨـﻴﻼ‬do.; ‫ ﺻـﻨﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﻫ ـ‬to do s.th. to s.o.; ‫ ﺻـﻨﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻨﻴﻌﺎ ﻗﺒﻴﺤـﺎ‬to do s.o. a dirty
Confidential
trick II to industrialize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) ill to cooperate, go along (‫ه‬
flatter, cajole (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bribe (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to
s.o. with) V to pretend, feign,
stimulate, fake, sham, affect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to speak or write in an artificial,
affected, stilted, or mannered way; to use means for enhancing her beauty
(woman) VIII to order, commission (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to create (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) synthetically;
to produce, manufacture, make, fabricate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pretend, feign, fake,
assume falsely (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to invent (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ل ه‬s.th. into), take, use
(‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ل‬s.th. for); to commit, bind (‫ ل ه‬s.o. to) X to have (‫ ه‬s.o.) make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺻـﻨﻊ‬ṣan‘, ṣan‘ production, manufacture, fabrication, making, design,
make, workmanship | ‫اﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ ﺻﻨﻊ‬ṣ. al-yad handwork; ‫ ﺑﺪﻳﻊ اﻟﺼﻨﻊ‬badī‘ aṣ-ṣan‘ of
wonderful workmanship
‫ ﺻﻨﻌﻲ‬ṣan‘ī artificial, synthetic
‫ ﺻﻨﻊ‬ṣun‘ benefit, favor
‫ ﺻـﻨﻌﺔ‬ṣan‘a work, workmanship, making, manufacture, fabrication; art;
technical skill, artistic skill; work, craft, trade, business, occupation,
vocation, profession |‫اﻟﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬ ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬artisan, craftsman; expert, specialist
871
‫ ﺻﻨﺎع‬ṣanā‘: ‫ ﺻﻨﺎع اﻟﻴﺪ‬ṣ. al-yad skillful, skilled, dexterous, deft

‫ ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ṣinā‘a pl. -āt, ‫ ﺻـﻨﺎﺋﻊ‬ṣanā’i‘2 art, skill; occupation, vocation, calling,
business, profession; handicraft; trade, craft; industry; pl. branches of
industry, industries | ‫ﺷـﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬honorable, respectable trade; ‫ار ب اﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺎت‬
the artisans, craftsmen; ‫ رﺟـﻞ اﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬rajul aṣ-ṣ. industrialist; ‫اﺻـﺤﺎب اﻟﺼـﻨﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫( واﳊﺮف‬ḥiraf) artisans and tradesmen
‫ ﺻـﻨﺎﺋﻌﻲ‬ṣanā’i‘ī artificial, synthetic, imitation; workmanlike, handicraft,
trade (adj.); industrial; artisan, craftsman
‫ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ṣinā‘ī artificial, synthetic, imitation; workmanlike, handicraft, trade
(adj.); industrial | ‫ﺳــﺮ ﺻــﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ (sirr) industrial secret; ‫اﻟﻔــﻦ اﻟﺼــﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ (fann)
applied arts, artistic handicraft
‫ ﺻﻨﻴﻊ‬ṣanī‘ action, acting, doing; act, deed; fact; good deed, benefit, favor;
charge, protégé; creature, willing tool; meal, repast, banquet
‫ ﺻﻨﻴﻌﺔ‬ṣanī‘a pl. ‫ ﺻـﻨﺎﺋﻊ‬ṣanā’i‘2 action, deed; good deed, good turn, benefit,
favor; charge, protégé; creature, willing tool
‫ ﻣﺼ ــﻨﻊ‬maṣna‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﺼــﺎﻧﻊ‬maṣāni‘2 factory, plant, mill, works;
Confidential
establishment, firm;
works | ‫اﳌﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺼـﺎﻧﻊ‬ also: large structures, installations, man-made
(‫ ار ب )اﺻﺤﺎب‬manufacturers, industrialists
‫ ﻣﺼﻨﻌﻴﺔ‬maṣna‘īya wages, pay
‫ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬taṣnī‘ industrialization
‫ ﺗﺼــﻨﻊ‬taṣannu‘ hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblement; affectedness
affectation, mannerism
‫ اﺻﻄﻨﺎع‬iṣṭinā‘ production, making
‫ اﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬iṣṭinā‘ī artificial, synthetic, imitation
‫ ﺻﺎﻧﻊ‬ṣāni‘ pl. ‫ ﺻﻨﺎع‬ṣunnā‘ maker, producer, manufacturer, creator; artisan,
craftsman; worker, workman, laborer; servant
‫ ﻣﺼــﻨﻮع‬product, produce; pl. ‫( ﻣﺼــﻨﻮﻋﺎت‬industrial) products, produce,
articles, manufactured goods
‫ ﻣﺘﺼﻨﻊ‬mutaṣanni‘ subtilizing, overrefining; affected, stilted, mannered
‫ ﻣﺼﻄﻨﻊ‬muṣṭana‘ artificial, synthetic; affected, simulated, imitated, sham,
bogus, phony | ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻨﻊ‬ ‫( ﻣﻔﺘﺎح‬miftāḥ) duplicate key, masterkey
2‫ ﺻﻨﻌﺎء‬ṣan‘ā’ San‘a (capital of Yemen)
872
‫ ﺻـﻨﻒ‬II to sort, assort, classify, categorize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to compile, compose,

write (‫ ﻫـ‬a book)
‫ ﺻـﻨﻒ‬ṣanf, ṣinf pl. ‫ اﺻـﻨﺎف‬aṣnāf, ‫ ﺻـﻨﻮف‬ṣunūf kind, sort, specimen; article
(com.); genus, species, class, category; sex; ‫ ﺻـﻨﻔﺎ‬in kind (as oppose to: in
cash)
‫ﺗﺼـ ــﻨﻴﻒ‬ taṣnīf classification. Categorization, sorting, assorting;
compilation, composition, writing; (pl. ‫ ﺗﺼﺎﻧﻴﻒ‬taṣānīf2) literary work
‫ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬taṣnīfa assortment, selection
‫ ﻣﺼﻨﻒ‬muṣannif author, writer
‫ ﻣﺼﻨﻒ‬muṣannaf pl. -āt literary work
‫ ﺻﻨﻔﺮ‬ṣanfara to rub with sandpaper, to sandpaper, to emery (‫ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺻﻨﻔﺮ‬ṣanfar and ‫ ﺻﻨﻔﺮة‬ṣanfara emery
‫ ﺻﻨﻢ‬ṣanam pl. ‫ اﺻﻨﺎم‬aṣnām idol, image
‫ ﺻﻨﻮ‬ṣinw pl. ‫ ﺻﻨﻮان‬ṣinwān, ‫ اﺻﻨﺎء‬aṣnā’ one of two, twin brother
Confidential
‫ ﺻـﻨﻮﺑﺮ‬ṣanaubar stone pine (Pinus pinea; bot.) | ‫ ﺣـﺐ اﻟﺼـﻨﻮﺑﺮ‬ḥabb aṣ-ṣ. pine
nut, pinon
‫ ﺻﻨﻮﺑﺮي‬ṣanaubarī pine (adj.). piny, pine-like; pineal | ‫( اﻟﻐـﺪة اﻟﺼـﻨﻮﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬gudda)
pineal gland
‫ ﺻﻪ‬ṣah pst! hush! quiet!
‫ ﺻﻬﺐ‬IX and XI iṣhābba to be or become reddish, red-brown
‫ اﺻﻬﺐ‬aṣhab2, f. ‫ ﺻﻬﺒﺎء‬ṣahhbā’2, pl. ‫ ﺻﻬﺐ‬ṣuhb reddish; ‫ اﻟﺼﻬﺒﺎء‬wine
‫ ﺻﻬﺪ‬ṣahada a (ṣahd) to scorch, parch, burn (‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o., s.th., esp. of the sun)
‫ ﺻﻬﺪ‬ṣahd beat
‫ ﺻﻬﻴﺪ‬ṣahīd scorching beat, blaze
‫ ﺻﻬﻮد‬ṣuhūd scorching heat, blaze
‫ ﺻـﻬﺮ‬ṣahara a (ṣahr) to melt, fuse, smelt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to become related by
marriage (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV to become related by marriage (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o.)
VI to be related by marriage VII to melt, fuse; to melt away, vanish, break
(intr.)
‫ ﺻـﻬﺮ‬ṣihr relationship by marriage; -- (pl. ‫ اﺻـﻬﺎر‬aṣhār) husband of one’s
daughter, son-in-law; husband of one’s sister, brother-in-law
873
‫ ﺻﻬﲑ‬ṣahīr molten, in fusion

‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻫﺮ‬maṣāhir2 (pl.) smelting furnaces; blast furnaces
O ‫ ﻣﺼﻬﺮ‬miṣhar pl. -āt fuse (el.)
‫ ﻣﺼﺎﻫﺮة‬muṣāhara relationship by marriage; O affinity
‫ اﻧﺼـﻬﺎر‬inṣihār melting process | O ‫ ﺳـﻠﻚ اﻻﻧﺼـﻬﺎر اﻟـﻮاﻗﻰ‬silk al-ins. al-wāqī
fuse (el.)
‫ ﺻﻬﺮﻳﺞ‬ṣihrīj, ṣahrīj ‫ ﺻﻬﺎرﻳﺞ‬ṣahārīj2 cistern; large (water) container, tank
‫ ﺻﻬﻞ‬ṣahala a i (‫ ﺻﻬﻴﻞ‬ṣahīil) to whinny, neigh (horse)
‫ ﺻﻬﻴﻞ‬ṣahīl whinny(ing), neighing
‫ ﺻﻬﻮة‬ṣahwa pl. ṣahawāt, ‫ ﺻﻬﺎء‬ṣihā’ back (of a horse)
‫ ﺻﻬﻴﻮن‬ṣahyūn2, also ṣihyaun2 Zion
‫ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﱐ‬ṣahyūnī, ṣihyaunī Zionistic, Zionist
‫ ﺻﻬﻴﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ṣahyūnīya, ṣihyaunīya Zionism
1‫)ﺻﻮب‬ ‫ )ﺻﺎب‬ṣāba u (ṣaub, ‫ ﺻﻴﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬ṣaibūba) to hit (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., the target); to be
Confidential
right, hold true, be to the point, hit the mark, be pertinent, be apposite
(opinion) | ‫اﻗﻠـﻊ‬ ‫( ﺻـﺎب ام‬am aqla‘a) by all means, under all circumstances II
to direct, fix (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also, e.g., the glance on, to), aim, point, train (‫اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. at or on); to agree (‫ ه‬with s.o.), concur (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ with s.o., in s.th.),
consent, assent (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.), approve (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.), sanction (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to hit (‫ﻫـ‬
a target); to attain, reach, achieve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., end, purpose); to reach out (‫ﻫـ‬
for s.th., of the hand); to get, obtain, win, gain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a fortune), acquire (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.‫ ه‬e.g.‫ ه‬a certain amount of knowledge); to have, eat (‫ ﻫـ‬a snack); to take
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a meal); to befall (‫ ه‬s.o.), fall (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), happen (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to allot
(‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow (‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. s.th.), make (‫ ب‬s.th.) fall to s.o.’s
(‫ )ه‬lot; to cause losses (‫ ﻣﻦ‬to s.o.); to be right, be in the right; to do the right
thing, hit the mark; to do right, properly (‫ ه‬s.th., expressed by a verbal
noun); to say the right word; pass ‫اﺻـﻴﺐ‬ uṣība to be stricken, attacked,
afflicted (‫ ب‬by a disease, and the like); to be killed | ‫ت‬ ‫( اﺻﺎب اﺻﺎ‬iṣābāt) to
score, make goals (in sports); ‫اﺻــﺎب ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠـﻪ‬ (‘amalihī) to do right, act
874
properly; ‫ﲜـﺮاح‬‫ اﺻـﻴﺐ‬to incur multiple wounds; ‫( اﺻـﻴﺐ ﲞﺴـﺎرة‬bi-kasāratin) to

suffer a loss; ‫( اﺻـﻴﺐ اﺻـﺎﺑﺔ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪة‬iṣābatan) to be hard hit, be grievously
afflioted X ‫ اﺳﺘﻮﺻﺐ‬istauṣaba to approve (‫ ه‬of s.th.), sanction (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺻـﻮب‬ṣaub direction, quarter; that which is right, proper, or correct; ṣauba
(prep.) in the direction of, toward, to | ‫وﺻﻮب‬ ‫( ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺪب‬ḥadabin) or ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ ﺻـﻮب وﺣـﺪب‬or ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ ﻓـﺞ وﺣـﺪب‬fajjin) from all sides, from all directions,
from all quarters, from everywhere; ‫ ﰲ ﻛــﻞ ﺻــﻮب وﺣــﺪب‬every place,
everywhere, all over, in all quarters
‫ ﺻﻴﺐ‬ṣayyib rain cloud
‫ ﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ṣāba pl. -āt harvest (tun.)
‫ ﺻـﻮاب‬ṣawāb that which is right, proper, or correct; right, proper, or
correct; rightness, correctness, properness; reason, intellect, mind,
consciousness; ‫ ﺻﻮا‬ṣawāban rightly, justly | ‫ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻮاب‬he is right; ‫ﺳﻠﻚ‬
‫( ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ اﻟﺼـﻮاب واﳊـﻖ‬ḥaqq) to act in exactly the right manner, pursue the right
course; ‫ رﺟـﻊ )ﻓـﺎء( اﱃ ﺻـﻮاﺑﻪ‬to regain one’s reason, get back to one’s senses,
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become reasonable again; ‫ﺻـﻮاﺑﻪ‬ ‫ ﻓﻘـﺪ‬,‫ اﺿﺎع ﺻﻮاﺑﻪ‬to lose one’s mind; ‫ﻏـﺎب ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ ﺻﻮاﺑﻪ‬to lose consciousness; ‫ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻮاﺑﻪ‬unconscious, senseless
‫ اﺻﻮب‬aṣwab2 more pertinent, more apropos, more apposite, more proper,
more correct
‫ اﺻﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬aṣwabīya advisability, expediency
‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ‬taṣwīb aiming; turning, pointing; (pl. -āt) correction, rectification
‫ اﺻـﺎﺑﺔ‬isāba pl. -āt hit; goal, score (in sports); injury, wound; state or
process of being afflicted (by a disease), (attack of) illness, sickness;
accident | ‫ اﺻـﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬i. al-‘amal industrial accident; ‫ ﳏـﻞ اﻻﺻـﺎﺑﺔ‬maḥall al-i.
scene of the accident
‫ اﺳﺘﺼﻮاب‬istiṣwāb approval
‫ ﺻﺎﺋﺐ‬ṣā’ib pertinent, apropos, apposite, right, correct; suited, appropriate
‫ ﻣﺼــﻴﺐ‬muṣīb pertinent, apropos, apposite, right, correct; suited,
appropriate
‫ ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬muṣība pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺐ‬maṣā’ib2 misfortune, calamity, disaster
‫ ﻣﺼــﺎب‬muṣāb stricken, befallen, attacked, afflicted (‫ ب‬by); injured,
wounded, sick, ill; wounded person, casualty; victim of an accident;
875
misfortune, calamity, disaster |‫اﻟــﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼــﺎب‬ grievous misfortune, mournful

event, death
2‫( ﺻﻮﺑﺔ‬Turk. soba) ṣōbe stove (syr.)
‫ )ﺻﺎت )ﺻﻮت‬ṣāta u a (ṣāut) to ring, sound, make a noise or sound; to raise

one’s voice, about II = I; to vote, cast ballots (at an election)
‫ ﺻﻮت‬ṣaut pl. ‫ اﺻﻮات‬aṣwāt sound (also phon.); voice; tone, strain; melody,
tune; noise; fame, renown; vote; pl. interjections (gram.) | ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟﺼـﻮت‬bu‘d
aṣ-ṣ. fame, celebrity; ‫ رﺟـﻊ اﻟﺼـﻮت‬raj‘ aṣ-ṣ. echo, reverberation; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻷﺻـﻮات‬
‘ilm al-a. phonetics; ‫ ﻗـﻮة اﻟﺼـﻮت‬qūwat aṣ-ṣ. volume, intensity (radio); ‫ﺑﺼـﻮت‬
‫ ﻣﺴـﻤﻮع‬audibly; ‫ ﺑﺼـﻮت ﻋـﺎل‬aloud; ‫( ﺑﺼـﻮت واﻃـﺊ‬wāṭi’) softly, in a low voice,
under one’s breath
‫ ﺻــﻮﰐ‬ṣautī sonant, sound- (in compounds), vocal, sonic, acoustic;
resounding, resonant, sonorous; phonetic
‫ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺎت‬ṣautīyāt phonetics
‫ ﺻﻮات‬ṣuwāt crying, shouting, clamor
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‫ ﺻــﻴﺖ‬ṣīt (good) repute, standing, prestige; fame, renown; celebrity,
famousness | ‫ﺑﻌــﺪ اﻟﺼـﻮت‬ bu‘d as.-ṣ. fame, celebrity; ‫ذاﺋـﻊ اﻟﺼــﻴﺖ‬ famous,
celebrated, well-known
‫ ﺻﻴﺖ‬sayyit loud-voiced, having a stentorian voice; O loud-speaker (Syr.)
O ‫ ﻣﺼﻮات‬miṣwāt microphone
‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺖ‬taṣwīt voting, vote, casting of ballots, polling (election)
‫ ﺻﺎﺋﺖ‬ṣā’it sound- (in compounds) | O ‫ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺋﺘﺔ‬sound film
‫ ﻣﺼﻮت‬muṣawwit voter; entitled to vote, franchised
‫ ﺻﺎج‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺻﻮح‬II to dry (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺼﻮح‬muṣawwaḥ withered, dried (herb, etc.)
1‫)ﺻﻮخ‬ ‫ )ﺻﺎخ‬ṣāka u = ‫ ﺳﺎخ‬sāka u
2 ‫ﺻﻮخ‬IV to listen, lend one’s ear (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.)
‫ ﺻﺎد‬name of the letter ‫ص‬

‫ ﺻـﻮدا‬soda | ‫( ﺻـﻮدا ﻛﺎوﻳـﺔ‬kāwiya) caustic soda, sodium hydroxide; ‫ﻧـﱰات‬
‫( اﻟﺼﻮدا‬nitrāt) sodium nitrate
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‫( ﺻﻮدﻳﻮم‬Lat. sodium) sodium

‫ ﺻـﻮر‬II to form, shape, mold, fashion, create (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to paint, draw,
sketch (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to illustrate (with drawings or pictures, ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
make a picture (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.o., of s.th.); to photograph (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
represent, portray (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., fig.) | ‫( ﺻـﻮر ﻟـﻪ‬ṣuwwira) it appeared to him,
seemed to him V = pass. of II; to imagine, fancy, conceive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
think (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) to be s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to seem, appear, look (‫ ل‬to
s.o.) | ‫‘( ﻻ ﻳﺘﺼﻮر اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬aqlu) unimaginable, inconceivable, unthinkable
‫ ﺻﻮر‬ṣūr horn, bugle; see also below
‫ ﺻﻮرة‬ṣūra pl. ‫ ﺻـﻮر‬ṣuwar form, shape; pictorial representation, illustration;
image, likeness, picture; figure, statue; replica; copy, carbon copy,
duplicate; manner, mode; ṣūratan formally | ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺻـﻮرة‬total picture, overall
picture; ‫( ﺻـﻮرة ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛـﺔ‬mutaḥarrika) motion picture, film; ‫دار اﻟﺼـﻮر اﳌﺘﺤﺮﻛــﺔ‬,
motion-picture theater, cinema; ‫( ﺻـﻮرة ﴰﺴـﻴﺔ‬šamsīya) photograph; ‫ﺻـﻮرة ﻃﺒـﻖ‬
Confidential
‫( اﻷﺻـﻞ‬ṭibqa l-aṣl) true copy; exact replica (fig.); undistorted picture; ‫ﺻـﻮرة‬
‫ﻣﻜـﱪة‬ (mukabbara) enlargement, blowup (phot.); ‫ ﰲ ﺻـﻮرة اﻵدﻣﻴـﲔ‬in human
shape; ‫( ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﺟﻠﻴـﺔ‬jalīya) obviously, evidently; ‫ ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﳏﺴﻮﺳـﺔ‬perceptibly,
tangibly, palpably; ‫( ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬kāṣṣa) especially, particularly; ‫ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ‬
(‘āmma) generally, in general; ‫( ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﻣﻜـﱪة‬mukabbara) increasingly, on a

larger scale, to an increasing degree; ‫ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬noticeably, markedly; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫( ﺻـﻮرة ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬kīmiyā’īya) chemically, by chemical means; ‫ ﰲ ﺻـﻮرة ﻣـﺎ اذا‬in
case that ..., if; ‫( ﰲ ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺼﻐﺮة‬muṣaggara) on a reduced scale, in miniature
‫ ﺻـﻮري‬ṣūrī, ṣūwarī formal; superficial; false, sham, deceptive, fallacious;
artificial, fictitious, seeming, fancied, imaginary
‫ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮ‬taṣwīr drawing, sketching; representation, portrayal, depiction;
illustration; painting; photography, also ‫اﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﻤﺴــﻲ‬ (šamsī); take (in
motion picture taking) | ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ آﻟﺔ‬camera
‫ ﺗﺼـﻮﻳﺮة‬taṣwīra pl. ‫ ﺗﺼـﺎوﻳﺮ‬taṣāwīr2 pictorial representation, image, picture,
illustration
877
‫ ﺗﺼـﻮر‬taṣawwur pl. -āt imagination (also philos.), fancy, fantacy, idea;

conception, concept (philos.)
‫ ﺗﺼــﻮري‬taṣawwurī existing in imagination only, imaginary, fancied,
fictitious | O ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻮري‬ ‫( اﻟﺬﻫﺐ‬madhab) idealism (as a philosophical school)
‫ ﻣﺼــﻮر‬muṣawwir pl. -āt former, shaper, fashioner, creator; painter;
photographer; cameraman (motion pictures); draftsman, commercial artist,
illustrator | ‫ ﻣﺼـﻮر اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨـﺎت‬the Creator of the Universe; ‫اﳌﺼـﻮر اﻟﻜﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻠـﺐ‬
(kahrabā’ī, qalb) electrocardiograph
‫ ﻣﺼﻮرة‬muṣawwira camera
‫ ﻣﺼـﻮر‬muṣawwar illustrated; -- (pl. -āt) photographer’s studio; motion-
picture studio | ‫اﳉﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎ‬ ‫ ﻣﺼﻮر‬m. al-jugrāfiyā atlas
2‫ ﺻﻮر‬ṣūr2 Tyre (town in S Lebanon)
1‫ ﺻﻮص‬ṣūṣ pl. ‫ ﺻﻴﺼﺎن‬ṣīṣān chicken, chick (syr.)
2 ‫ﺻﻮﺻﻲ‬ṣauṣī (eg.) to peep, cheep, squeak

‫ ﺻـﻮع‬VII to turn on one’s heel; to obey, yield, give in, submit (‫ ل‬to s.o. to
Confidential
s.th.)
‫ ﺻـﺎع‬ṣā‘ pl. ‫ اﺻـﻮع‬aṣwu‘, ‫ اﺻـﻮاع‬aṣwā‘, ‫ ﺻـﻴﻌﺎن‬ṣī‘ān saa, a cubic measure of
varying magnitude | ‫ﺻـﺎﻋﺎ‬
to pay s.o. back
‫ ﺑﺼـﺎع‬tit for tat; ‫( رد ﻟـﻪ اﻟﺼـﺎع ﺻـﺎﻋﲔ‬radda, ṣā‘ain) or
twofold, bring double retaliation on s.o.

‫ ﺻﺎﻋﺔ‬ṣā‘a salon, parlor, reception room
1‫)ﺻﻮغ‬ ‫ )ﺻﺎغ‬ṣāga u (ṣaug, ṣiyāga) to form, shape, mold, fashion, create (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to formulate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to coin (‫ ﻫـ‬a word); to fabricate, invent, make up
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a lie) | ‫ﺻـﺎغ اﻟـﺬﻫﺐ واﻟﻔﻀـﺔ‬ (dahab, fiḍḍa) to work in gold and silver,
practice the art of goldsmithing
‫ ﺻﻮغ‬ṣaug forming, shaping, molding, fashioning, creating
‫ ﺻـﻴﻐﺔ‬sīga forming, shaping, molding, fashioning, creating; -- (pl. ‫ﺻـﻴﻎ‬
ṣiyag) shape, form; external form; wording, text, version (e.g., of a letter, of
a treaty); formula (in general, also math., chem.); jewelry, gold and silver
articles; (gram.) form | ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬the active (gram.); ‫ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﳌﻔﻌـﻮل‬the passive
(gram.); ‫ﺣﺎﲰﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬in a decided form, in no uncertain terms
‫ ﺻــﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ṣiyāga composing, drafting, wording, forming, formulation,
fashioning, molding, shaping; goldsmithery, goldsmithing
878
‫ ﻣﺼﺎغ‬maṣāg jewelry, jewels, gold and silver articles

‫ ﺻﺎﺋﻎ‬ṣā’ig pl. ‫ ﺻﻴﺎغ‬ṣuyyāg, ‫ ﺻﺎﻏﺔ‬ṣāga, ‫ ﺻﻮاغ‬ṣuwwāg goldsmith, jeweler
‫ ﻣﺼﻮﻏﺎت‬maṣūgāt gold and silver jewelry, goldsmithery, jewelry
2‫ ﺻﺎغ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺻﻮف‬ṣūf pl. ‫ اﺻﻮاف‬aṣwāf wool

‫ ﺻﻮﰲ‬ṣūfī of wool, woolen; Islamic mystic, Sufi
‫ ﺻﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ṣūfiya Sufi way of life; ‫ اﻟﺼﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬Sufism (Islamic mysticism)
‫ ﺻﻮﻓﺎن‬ṣūfān tinder, touchwood, punk
‫ ﺻﻮﻓﺎﻧﺔ‬ṣūfāna tinder, touchwood, punk
‫ ﺻﻮاف‬ṣawwāf wool merchant
‫ اﻟﺘﺼـﻮف‬at-taṣawwuf Sufism (Islamic mysticism), the Sufi way of life;
mysticism
‫ اﳌﺘﺼﻮﻓﺔ‬al-mutaṣawwifa the Sufis, members of Sufi communities, mystics
‫ ﺻﻮﻓﻴﺎ‬ṣōfiyā Sofia (capital of Bulgaria)
‫)ﺻـﺎل )ﺻـﻮل‬ṣāla ‫ ﺻـﻮﻟﺔ‬ṣaula, ‫ ﺻـﻴﺎل‬ṣiyāl) to spring, jump, leap
Confidential
1 u (ṣaul,
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), attack, assault (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) II to pan, wash out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬grain, gold) III to
vie, compete (‫ ﻫـ‬with s.o.)
‫ ﺻﻮﻟﺔ‬ṣaula pl. -āt attack, assault; force, tyranny, despotism, arbitrariness
2‫( ﺻـﻮل‬Turk. sol) approx.: sergeant major, technical sergeant (Eg.) | ‫ﺻـﻮل‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴﻢ‬approx.: master sergeant; ‫ ﺻـﻮل اﻟﺘﻌﻴـﲔ‬approx.: quartermaster sergeant
(mil.)
‫ ﺻـﻮﳉﺎن‬ṣaulajān pl. ‫ ﺻـﻮاﳉﺔ‬ṣawāllija staff with a curved end; polo mallet;
scepter, mace
‫ )ﺻﺎم )ﺻﻮم‬ṣāma u (ṣaum, ‫ ﺻﻴﺎم‬ṣiyām) to abstain (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from s.th.); to abstain
from food, drink, and sexual intercourse; to fast
‫ ﺻـﻮم‬ṣaum abstention, abstinence, abstemiousness; fasting, fast; ‫اﻟﺼـﻮم‬
fasting during the month of Ramadan, one of the five principal duties of the
Muslim | ‫ اﻟﺼـﻮم اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ‬the Great Fast = Lent (Chr.); ‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪ ﺻـﻮم اﻟﻐﻔـﺮان‬īd ṣ. al-
gufrān Yom Kippur, Day of Atonement (Jud.)
‫ ﺻﻴﺎم‬ṣiyām fasting, fast
‫ ﺻﻴﺎﻣﻲ‬ṣiyāmī Lenten fare
879
‫ ﺻـﺎﺋﻢ‬ṣā’im pl. -ūn, ‫ ﺻـﻮم‬ṣuwwam, ‫ ﺻـﻴﻢ‬ṣuyyam, ‫ ﺻـﻴﺎم‬ṣiyām fasting (adj.);

faster, one who fasts
‫ اﻟﺼﻮﻣﺎل‬aṣ-ṣomāl Somaliland
‫ ﺻﻮﻣﺎﱄ‬ṣomalī Somali (adj. and n.)
‫ ﺻﻮﻣﻌﺔ‬ṣauma‘a see ‫ﺻﻤﻊ‬
‫ )ﺻـﺎن )ﺻـﻮن‬ṣāna I (ṣaun, ‫ ﺻـﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ṣiyāna) to preserve, conserve, keep, retain,
maintain, sustain, uphold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to maintain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a machine, an
automobile); to protect, guard, safeguard, keep, save (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.
from); to defend (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. against) V to uphold one’s honor, live
chastely, virtuously (woman); to shut o.s. off; seclude o.s. protect o.s.
‫ ﺻـﻮن‬ṣaun, preservation, conservation, guarding, keeping; susten(ta)tion,
upholding; maintenance, upkeep, care; protection, safeguard(ing),
securing, defense; chastity, respectability | ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺒﺔ اﻟﺼـﻮن‬ honorary title or
ladies of high social standing
‫ ﺻﻮان‬ṣiwān, ṣuwān pl. ‫ اﺻﻮﻧﺔ‬aṣwina cupboard, case
Confidential
‫ ﺻﻮان‬ṣawwan (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬flint; granite
‫ ﺻﻮاﱐ‬ṣawwānī: ‫( ادوات ﺻﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬adawāt) flint implements
‫ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ṣiyāna = ‫ ﺻﻮن‬ṣaun | ‫ ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬malak aṣ-ṣ. guardian angel (Chr.)
‫ ﺻـﺎﺋﻦ‬ṣā’in preserver, sustainer, maintainer, keeper, guardian, protector;
protective
‫ ﻣﺼــﻮن‬maṣūn well-protected, well-kept, guarded, sheltered; chaste,
virtuous (woman); also an epithet for women
‫ ﺻﻮة‬ṣūwa pl. ‫ ﺻﻮى‬ṣuwan stone landmark, trail mark
‫ ﺻﻮى‬ṣawā i (ṣuwīy) and ṣawiya a (ṣawan) and II to dry up, wither, wilt; --
ṣawā to peep, cheep, squeak, chirp, screech
‫ ﺻﻴﺖ‬see ‫ﺻﻮت‬
‫ )ﺻﺎح )ﺻﻴﺢ‬ṣāḥa i (ṣaiḥ, ‫ ﺻﻴﺎح‬ṣiyāḥ) to cry, yell, shout; to scream, screech;
to crow; to utter, let out (‫ ﺻـﻴﺤﺔ‬ṣaiḥatan a cry); to call out (‫ ب‬to s.o.), shout,
bellow, bawl (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at s.o.) II to cry out (loud), roar, bellow, bawl VI to
shout at one another, call out to one another; to clamor, raise a din
‫ ﺻﻴﺢ‬ṣaiḥ crying, clamor
880
‫ ﺻـﻴﺤﺔ‬ṣaiḥa (n. vic.) pl. -āt cry, outcry, shout | ‫ ﺻـﻴﺤﺔ اﳊـﺮب‬ṣ. al-ḥarb battle
cry, war cry; ‫( ارﺳﻞ ﺻﻴﺤﺎت‬arsala) to utter cries; ‫ﺻﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ ﺻﺎح‬to utter a cry; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﺻـﻴﺤﺔ‬within shouting distance; ‫( ذﻫـﺐ ﺻـﻴﺤﺔ ﰲ واد‬ṣaiḥatan) to die unheard
(call)
‫ ﺻﻴﺎح‬ṣiyāḥ crying, clamor, cry, outcry; cry of a bird
‫ ﺻـﻴﺎح‬ṣayyāḥ crier, loud-mouthed person; noisy, clamorous, vociferous,
crying
‫ ﺗﺼﺎﻳﺢ‬taṣāyuḥ crying, clamor, roar, bellow(ing)
1‫)ﺻـﻴﺪ‬ ‫ )ﺻـﺎد‬ṣāda i (ṣaid) to catch (in a trap), trap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬game); to hunt (‫ﻫ ـ‬
game); to hunt down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬game); to catch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fish) V to hunt for prey; to hunt
down (s.th.); to catch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); VIII = I | ‫اﻟﻌﻜـﺮ‬ ‫‘( اﺻـﻄﺎد ﰲ اﳌـﺎء‬akir) to fish in
troubled waters
‫ ﺻـﻴﺪ‬ṣaid hunting, hunt; angling, fishing (also ‫ ﺻـﻴﺪ اﻟﺴـﻤﻚ‬ṣ. as-samak);
game, venison, prey, quarry | ‫ﺧﻴﺎﻟـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﺻـﻴﺪ‬ṣ. kayālihī) dreamed up by him,
a product of his fantasy (of a story)
Confidential
‫ ﺻــﻴﺎد‬ṣayyād pl. -āt hunter; fisher | ‫ ﺻــﻴﺎد اﻟﺴــﻤﻚ‬ṣ. as-samak fisher,
fisherman; kingfisher (zool.)
‫ ﺻﻴﺪاء‬ṣaidā’ Sidon (city in Lebanon)
‫ ﻣﺼـﻴﺪة‬miṣyada pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﻳﺪ‬maṣāyid2 trap, snare; net; hunting or fishing
implement
‫ ﻣﺼـﻴﺪة‬maṣyada pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﻳﺪ‬maṣāyid2 fishery, fishing grounds (also ‫ﻣﺼـﻴﺪ‬
‫)اﻷﲰﺎك‬
2‫ ﺻﺎد‬ṣād name or the letter ‫ص‬
‫ ﺻﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬ṣaidalīya apothecary’s trade; pharmacy, pharmacology

‫ ﺻﻴﺪﱄ‬ṣaidalī pl. ‫ ﺻﻴﺎدﻟﺔ‬ṣayādila pharmacist, druggist, apothecary
‫ ﺻﻴﺪﻻﱐ‬ṣaidalānī pharmacist, druggist, apothecary
‫ ﺻﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬ṣaidalīya pl. -āt pharmacy; drugstore
‫ ﺻﻴﺪﻟﻴﺎت‬ṣaidalīyāt drugs, pharmaceutics
‫ )ﺻﺎر )ﺻﲑ‬ṣāra i (ṣair, ‫ ﺻﲑورة‬ṣairūra, ‫ ﻣﺼﲑ‬maṣīr) to become (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); (with
foll. imperf.) to begin, commence, start to ..., come to ..., get to ..., get into a
situation where ..., get to the point where ...; to set in, occur, happen, come
to pass, take place; to fall to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬lot, befall (‫ ل‬s.o.); to betake o.s.,
881
come, get (‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to); to arrive (‫ اﱃ‬at); to end, wind up (‫ اﱃ‬with), result
(‫ اﱃ‬in); ‫ ﺻﺎر ﺑﻪ اﱃ‬to lead, bring s.o. or s.th. to; ‫( ﻳﺼﺎر اﱃ‬yuṣāru) one proceeds
to ..., one will eventually..., one will wind up with ... II to induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
become (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), make (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. into s.th., out of s.o. s.th.)
‫ ﺻﲑ‬ṣīr crack (of the door); small salted fish
‫ ﺻـﲑورة‬ṣairūra (act or process of) becoming, development; end, outcome,
upshot, result
‫ ﻣﺼـﲑ‬maṣīr development, progress (e.g., of work); -- (pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﻳﺮ‬maṣāyir2)
place at which one arrives; end, outcome, upshot, issue, result; fate, destiny,
lot; life; see also under ‫اﳌﺼـﲑ‬ ‫ ﻣﺼـﺮ | ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮ‬self-determination (pol.); ‫ﻣﺼـﲑ ﻛـﻞ‬
‫ ﺣﻲ‬m. kull ḥayyin the way of all flesh
‫ ﺗﺼﻴﲑ‬taṣyīr cession, transfer (jur.)
‫ ﺻﻴﺼﻴﺔ‬ṣīṣiya pl. ‫ ﺻﻴﺎص‬ṣayāṣin spur of the rooster
‫ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬see ‫ﺻﻮغ‬
Confidential
‫ )ﺻﺎف )ﺻﻴﻒ‬ṣāfa i (ṣaif) to be summery; to spend the summer, estivate (‫ﻫـ‬
or ‫ ب‬in) | ‫( ﺻــﺎف اﻟﺰﻣــﺎن ام ﺷــﺘﺎ‬zamānu am šatā) at all times, under all
circumstances II, V, VIII = I
‫ ﺻﻴﻒ‬ṣaif pl. ‫ اﺻﻴﺎف‬aṣyāf summer
‫ ﺻـﻴﻔﻲ‬ṣaifī summery, estival, summer (adj.) | ‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻴـﺖ ﺻـﻴﻔﻲ‬daylight-saving
time
‫ ﻣﺼـﻴﻒ‬maṣīf pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎﻳﻒ‬maṣāyif2 summer residence, summer resort; rest
center, holiday camp
‫ اﺻﺘﻴﺎف‬iṣtiyāf summering, summer vacationing
‫ ﺻﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬ṣā’ifa summer(time)
‫ ﻣﺼﻄﺎف‬muṣṭāf summer resort; (pl. -ūn) vacationist, summer visitor
‫ اﻟﺼﲔ‬aṣ-ṣīn China; the Chinese | ‫ ﺑﻼد اﻟﺼﲔ‬China
‫ ﺻﻴﲏ‬Chinese (adj. and n.); porcelain, china
‫ ﺻﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ṣīnīya (syr. ṣēnīya, leb. ṣainīya) pl. ‫ ﺻﻮاﱐ‬ṣawānī a large, round metal
plate with raised brim, esp. one made of copper, used as baking tin, serving
tray and table top; turntable, ‫ﺻــﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛــﺔ‬ (mutaḥarrika); pl. chinaware,
porcelain vessels
882
‫ ﺻﻴﻮان‬ṣīwān pl. -āt, ‫ ﺻﻮاوﻳﻦ‬ṣawāwīn2 (large) tent, pavilion, marquce
Confidential
883
‫ض‬
‫ ﺿـﺎد‬ḍād name of the letter ‫ ;ض‬a sound peculiar to Arabic, hence: ‫اﻫـﻞ‬
‫ اﻟﻀـﺎد‬ahl aḍ-ḍ. the Arabic-speaking peoples, the Arabs; ‫ اﺑﻨـﺎء اﻟﻀـﺎد‬do.; ‫اﻗﻄـﺎر‬
‫ اﻟﻀــﺎد‬the Arabic-speaking countries; ‫ ﻟﻐــﺔ اﻟﻀــﺎد‬lugat aḍ-ḍ. the Arabic
language
‫ ﺿـﺆل‬ḍa’ula u (‫ ﺿـﺂﻟﺔ‬ḍa’āla, ‫ ﺿـﺆوﻟﺔ‬ḍa’ūla) to be small, tiny, little, scanty,
meager, slight, sparse, feeble, faint, thin; to diminish, dwindle, wane,
decline, shrink, decrease VI = I
‫ ﺿــﺂﻟﺔ‬ḍa’āla (‫ ﺿــﺌﺎﻟﺔ‬ḍi’āla) smallness, littleness, tininess; minuteness,
scantiness, meagerness, slightness, sparsity, paucity, feebleness, faintness,
thinness; waning, dwindling, diminution, decrease; shrinking, shrinkage;
small number
‫ ﺿﺆوﻟﺔ‬ḍa’ūla = ‫ ﺿﺂﻟﺔ‬ḍa’ālah
‫ ﺿـﺌﻴﻞ‬ḍa’īl pl. ‫ ﺿـﺌﺎل‬ḍi’āl, ‫ ﺿـﺆﻻء‬ḍu’alā’2 small, tiny, minute, little, scanty,
slight, meager, sparse, feeble, faint, thin
‫ ﺗﻀﺎؤل‬taḍā’ul = ‫ ﺿﺂﻟﺔ‬ḍa’āla
Confidential
‫ ﺿﺎﻣﺔ‬ḍāma checkers
‫ ﺿﺄن‬ḍa’n sheep (coll.)
‫ ﺿﺄن‬ḍa’nī, ḍānī mutton (meat)
‫ ﺿﺎﺋﻦ‬ḍā’in sheep
‫ ﺿـﺐ‬ḍabba i (ḍabb) to take hold (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.); to keep under lock, put in
safekeeping, guard carefully (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) II = I; to bolt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the door) IV to be
foggy (day)
‫ ﺿﺐ‬ḍabb pl. ‫ ﺿﺒﺎب‬ḍabāb, ‫ اﺿﺐ‬aḍubb, ‫ ﺿﺒﺎن‬ḍubbān lizard
‫ ﺿﺐ‬ḍabb (eg.) front teeth
‫ ﺿﺒﺔ‬ḍabba pl. -āt, ‫ ﺿﺒﺎب‬ḍibāb door bolt, latch; wooden lock
‫ ﺿﺒﺎب‬ḍadāb fog, mist
‫ ﺿﱪ‬ḍabara u to gather, collect, assemble
‫ ﺿﺒﺎرة‬ḍabāra, ḍubāra and ‫ اﺿﺒﺎرة‬iḍbāra pl. ‫ اﺿﺎﺑﺮ‬aḍābir2 file, dossier
‫ اﺿﺒﻮر‬uḍbūr file, dossier
‫ ﺿﺒﺢ‬ḍabaḥa a (ḍabḥ) to blacken (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., said of fire); to snort (horse)
884
‫ ﺿـﺒﻂ‬ḍabaṭa u (ḍabṭ) to grab, grasp, seize, catch, apprehend, arrest, detain

(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), take hold (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.o., of s.th.); to keep, hold, retain (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to tackle resolutely, master, overcome (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), cope (a with s.th.); to
have (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) under control, have command (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th.); to restrain, hold
back, keep down, subdue, check, curb, control (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to seize,
distrain, impound, confiscate (a s.th.); to do (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) accurately, precisely,
meticulously, or well; to render precise, define precisely (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
regulate, adjust (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., techn.); to determine precisely (‫ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬kalimatan
the spelling and pronunciation of a word), vowel(ize) (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a word); to observe
strictly, keep exactly (a time); to regulate, settle, put or keep in order (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to correct (a s.th.); to enter, book, record, register (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to measure
off exactly, measure out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take exactly the right amount, the right
proportion (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of) VII to be detained, be held back, be held up; to be
Confidential
regulated, be kept in order, be disciplined; to be determined, be established,
etc. (pass. of ḍabaṭa)
‫ ﺿــﺒﻂ‬ḍabṭ capture, apprehension, arrest(ing), detention; restraint,
suppression, subdual, curb(ing), check(ing); control; seizure, impoundage,
distraint, confiscation; accuracy, correctness, exactitude, precision;
vowelization; correction, amendment, settlement; regulation, adjustment of
an apparatus (techn.); (pl. ‫ ﺿـﺒﻮط‬ḍubūṭ) protocol, minutes, procès-verbal;
entering, entry, record, registry; ‫ ﺿـﺒﻄﺎ‬ḍabṭan accurately, exactly, precisely,
punctually | ‫ ﻟﻀـﺒﻂ = ﺿـﺒﻄﺎ‬ḍabṭan; ‫ ﺿـﺒﻂ اﻷراﺿـﻲ‬ḍ. al-arāḍī cadastral survey;
‫ ﺿــﺒﻂ اﳊﺴــﺎ ت‬bookkeeping; ‫ ﺿــﺒﻂ اﻟﺸــﻬﻮة‬ḍ. aš-šahwa abstemiousness,
continence; ‫‘( ﺿـﺒﻂ اﻷﻣـﻼك اﻟﻌﻘﺎرﻳـﺔ‬aqārīya) cadastral survey; ‫ ﺿـﺒﻂ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬self-
control, self-command; ‫ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬jahāz aḍ-ḍ. control apparatus, controlling
device;
‫‘( ﻋﺎر ﻋﻦ اﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ārin) unvowel(iz)ed
‫ ﺿﺒﻄﻴﺔ‬ḍabṭīya police station; police
‫ ﻣﻀﺒﻄﺔ‬maḍbaṭa pl. ‫ ﻣﻀﺎﺑﻂ‬maḍābiṯ2 protocol, minutes, procès-verbal
‫ اﻧﻀﺒﺎط‬inḍibāṭ discipline |‫ ﳉﻨﺔ اﻻﻧﻀﺒﺎط‬lajnat al-inḍ disciplinary board
885
‫ ﺿــﺎﺑﻂ‬ḍābiṭ controlling device, control, governor, regulator (techn.);

prepositor entrusted with discipline (in Eg. schools); (pl. ‫ﺿـﺒﺎط‬ ḍubbāṭ)
officer; (pl.‫ ﺿـﻮاﺑﻂ‬ḍawābiṭ2) general rule, canon, (moral) precept or order |
‫ ﺿـﺎﺑﻂ آﻣـﺮ‬senior officer; ‫ ﺿـﺎﺑﻂ ﻣـﺄﻣﻮر‬subaltern officer; ‫ ﺿـﺎﺑﻂ اﻟﺼـﻒ‬ḍ. aṣ-ṣaff
pl. ‫ ﺿــﺒﺎط اﻟﺼــﻒ‬noncommissioned officer; ‫ ﺿــﺎﺑﻂ اﻟﺼــﻮت‬ḍābiṭ aṣ-ṣaut
volume control (radio); ‫ ﺻـﻒ ﺿـﺎﺑﻂ‬ṣaff ḍ. pl. ‫ ﺻـﻒ ﺿـﺒﺎط‬noncommissioned
officer; ‫رادع‬
‫( ﺑﻐﲑ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ وﻻ‬gair) completely unrestrained, out of all control
‫ ﺿﺎﺑﻄﺔ‬ḍābiṭa police; (pl. ‫ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ‬ḍawābiṭ2) curbing force, order
‫ ﻣﻀﺒﻮط‬maḍbūṭ accurate, exact, correct, right, precise
‫ ﺿﺒﻊ‬ḍab‘, ḍabu‘ f. pl. ‫ ﺿﺒﻊ‬ḍibā‘, ‫ اﺿﺒﻊ‬aḍbu‘ hyena
‫ ﺿﱭ‬VIII to take under one’s arm
‫ ﺿﱭ‬ḍibn armpit
‫ ﺿـﺞ‬ḍajja i (ḍajj, ‫ ﺿـﺠﻴﺞ‬ḍajīj) to be noisy, boisterous; to clamor, about,
raise a hue and cry IV = I
Confidential
‫ ﺿﺠﺔ‬ḍajja cry, yell, outcry; clamor, noise, din, row, hubbub, tumult
‫ ﺿﺠﻴﺞ‬ḍajīj cry, yell, outcry; clamor, noise, din, row, hubbub, tumult
‫ ﺿﺠﻮج‬ḍajūj roaring, bellowing, screaming, crying
‫ ﺿـﺠﺎج‬ḍajjāj violently roaring, bellowing, screaming, crying, boisterous,
uproarious
‫ ﺿﺠﺮ‬ḍajira a (ḍajar) to be angry, annoyed, irritated, exasperated (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ب‬
at, about); to be dissatisfied, discontent, displeased (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ب‬ with); to
sorrow, be worried, uneasy (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬about), be disquieted, grieved, troubled
(‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ب‬ by, over) IV to anger, vex, irritate, trouble, torment (‫ ه‬s.o.),
disquiet, discomfit, aggrieve (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I

‫ ﺿــﺠﺮ‬ḍajar annoyance, irritation, vexation, anger; dissatisfaction;
discontent, displeasure; sorrow, worry, grief
‫ ﺿـﺠﺮ‬ḍajir annoyed, irritated, angry, vexed; morose, sullen; dissatisfied,
discontent, displeased, uneasy, restless; worried, grieved, troubled
‫ ﻣﻀﺠﺮ‬muḍjir annoying, irritating, exasperating, irksome, tedious
‫ ﻣﺘﻀﺠﺮ‬mutaḍajjir = ‫ ﺿﺠﺮ‬ḍajir
886
‫ ﺿـﺠﻊ‬ḍaja‘a a (ḍaj‘, ‫ ﺿـﺠﻮع‬ḍujū‘) to lie on one’s side, lie down; to lie,

recline, be prostrate; to sleep III to lie, have sexual intercourse (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a
woman) VII = I VIII (‫ اﺿﻄﺠﻊ‬and ‫ اﺿﺠﻊ‬aḍja‘a) = I
‫ ﺿﺠﻌﺔ‬ḍaj‘a (n. vic.) lying position, lying, recumbency; slumber
‫ ﺿــﺠﻊ‬ḍuja‘a, ḍuj‘a late riser, slugabed, sluggard, lazybones; lazy,
sluggish, inert
‫ ﺿﺠﻌﻲ‬ḍuj‘ī late riser, slugabed, sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert
‫ ﺿﺠﻴﻊ‬ḍajī‘ one sharing the bed; bedfellow; comrade, companion
‫ ﻣﻀـﺠﻊ‬maḍja‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻀـﺎﺟﻊ‬maḍāji‘ couch, bed | ‫ اﺧـﺬ ﻣﻀـﺠﻌﻪ‬he lay down (to
sleep); ‫اﻗـﺾ ﻣﻀـﺠﻌﻪ‬ aqaḍḍa maḍja‘ahū or ‫اﻗـﺾ ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ اﳌﻀـﺠﻊ‬ or ‫اﻗﻠـﻖ ﻣﻀــﺠﻌﻪ‬
(maḍja‘ahū) to deprive s.o. of sleep
‫ ﻣﻀﺎﺟﻊ‬muḍāji‘ bedfellow
‫ ﻣﻀﻄﺠﻊ‬muḍṭaji‘ couch, bed
‫ ﺿﺤﻀـﺢ‬ḍaḥḍaḥa to vibrate, dicker (mirage); to shatter, break, crush II to
vibrate, flicker (mirage)
Confidential
‫ ﺿﺤﻀﺎح‬ḍaḥḍāḥ shallow, shoal, flat (water)
‫ ﺿـﺤﻚ‬ḍaḥika a (ḍaḥk, ḍiḥk, ḍaḥik) to laugh (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬at, about, over); to
jeer, scoff, jibe (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬at s.o., at s.th.), deride, ridicule, mock, scorn
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.) | ‫ﺷـﺪﻗﻴﻪ‬ ‫( ﺿـﺤﻚ ﲟـﻞء‬bi-mil’i šidqaihi) or ‫ﺿـﺤﻚ‬
‫ﻣــﻞء ﺷــﺪﻗﻪ‬ (mil’a) to grin from ear to ear; ‫ﺿــﺤﻚ ﻋــﻦ در ﻣﻨﻀــﺪ‬ (durrin
munaḍḍadin) (to laugh by showing stringed pearls, i.e., the teeth), to show a
toothy smile; to grin from ear to ear; ‫ذﻗﻨﻪ‬ ‫( ﺿﺤﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ‬daqanidī; pl. ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻗﻮ ﻢ‬
(eg. syr.) to fool s.o., make a fool of s.o., pull s.o.’s leg, make fun of s.o.,
lead s.o. around by the nose (‫ ب‬with s.th.), put on an act for s.o.; ‫ﺿـﺤﻚ ﰲ‬
‫( ذﻗﻨـﻪ‬daqanihī) to laugh in s.o.,s face II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) laugh III to joke,
jest, banter (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV and X to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) laugh (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬about) | ‫ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻀـﺤﻚ اﻟﺜﻜﻠـﻰ‬ (taklā) (that which makes a woman who has lost her child
laugh =) irresistibly comical VI to laugh
‫ ﺿﺤﻚ‬ḍaḥk, ḍiḥk, ḍaḥik laugh(ing); laughter
‫ ﺿﺤﻜﺔ‬ḍaḥka (n. vic.) pl. -āt laugh
‫ ﺿﺤﻜﺔ‬ḍuḥka object of ridicule, laughingstock
887
‫ ﺿﺤﻮك‬ḍaḥuk frequently, or constantly, laughing; laugher

‫ ﺿـﺤﺎك‬ḍaḥḥāk frequently, or constantly, laughing; laugher; joker, jester,
wag, buffoon
‫ اﺿـﺤﻮﻛﺔ‬uḍḥūka pl. ‫ اﺿـﺎﺣﻚ‬aḍāhik2 object of ridicule, laughingstock; lark,
spree, hoax, practical joke
‫ اﺿـﺤﻚ‬aḍḥak2 more ridiculous, more laughable, more ludicrous, funnier,
more comical
‫ ﻣﻀﺤﻜﺔ‬maḍḥaka object of ridicule, laughingstock
‫ ﺿـﺎﺣﻚ‬ḍāḥik pl. ‫ ﺿـﻮاﺣﻚ‬ḍawāḥik2 laughing | ‫ ﺿـﺎﺣﻚ اﻟﺴــﻦ‬ḍ. as-sinn
cheerful, gay, sunny
‫ ﻣﻀـﺤﻚ‬muḍḥik ridiculous, laughable, ludicrous, droll, funny, comical;
comedian, buffoon, jester | ‫ﻣﻀﺤﻜﺔ‬ ‫( ﻗﺼﺔ ﲤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬qiṣṣa tamtīlīya) comedy
‫ ﺿﺤﻞ‬ḍaḥl shallow, shoal, flat; a shallow, a shoal
‫ )ﺿﺤﻰ‬and ‫ ﺿﺤﻮ( ﺿﺤﺎ‬ḍaḥā u (ḍaḥw, ḍuḥuw) to become visible, appear; --
‫ ﺿـﺤﻰ‬ḍaḥiya a (‫ ﺿـﺤﻰ‬ḍaḥlan) to become visible, appear; to be struck by the
sun’s rays II to sacrifice, offer up, immolate (‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫ ﺿـﺤﻰ ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬to
Confidential
sacrifice o.s.; ‫ ﺿﺤﻰ ﻟـﻨﻔﺲ واﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬to sacrifice life and property (properly: the
soul and that which is precious) IV to be, become; with foll. imperf.: to
begin, start, commence, or set about to (do s.th.); to come to ..., get to ..., get
to the point where ..., get into a situation where ...
‫ ﺿﺤﻮة‬ḍaḥwa pl. ḍaḥawāt forenoon; morning
‫ ﺿـﺤﻰ‬ḍuḥan (m. and f.) forenoon | ‫‘( ﺑـﲔ ﻋﺸـﻴﺔ وﺿـﺤﺎﻫﺎ‬asīyatin wa-ḍuḥāhā)
over night, from one day to the next, all of a sudden
‫ ﺿـﺤﻴﺔ‬ḍaḥīya forenoon; -- (pl. ‫ ﺿـﺤﺎ‬ḍaḥāyā) slaughter animal, blood
sacrifice, immolation; victim | ‫ﺿـﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ وﻗـﻊ‬or ‫( ذﻫـﺐ‬ḍaḥīyatahū) to fall victim
to, become a victim of s.th. or s.o.
‫ اﺿـﺤﻰ‬aḍḥan (coll.; n. un. ‫ اﺿـﺤﺎة‬aḍḥāh) slaughter animal, blood sacrifice,
immolation | ‫ﻋﻴــﺪ اﻷﺿــﺤﻰ‬ ‘īd al-a. the Feast of Immolation, or Greater
Bairam, on the 10th of Zu’lhijja; ‫ﻳــﻮم اﻷﺿــﺤﻰ‬ yaum al-a. the Day of
Immolation, i.e., the 10th of Zu’lhijja
‫ اﺿــﺤﻴﺔ‬uḍḥīya pl. ‫ اﺿــﺎﺣﻰ‬aḍāhīy2 slaughter animal, blood sacrifice,
immolation
‫ ﺗﻀﺤﻴﺔ‬taḍḥiya sacrificing, immolation; (pl. -āt) sacrifice
888
‫ ﺿﺎح‬ḍāḥin: ‫ ﺿﺎح اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬sunlit

‫ ﺿﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ḍāḥiya pl. ‫ ﺿﻮاح‬ḍawāḥin surroundings, vicinity, outskirts; suburb
‫ ﻣﻀﺤﻰ‬muḍaḥḥan place where one has breakfast
‫ ﺿﺦ‬ḍakka u (ḍakk) to spurt, spout, squirt (‫ ﻫـ‬water)
‫ ﻣﻀـﺨﺔ‬miḍakka pl. -āt squirt, spray(er); pump | ‫( ﻣﻀـﺨﺔ ﺟﺬاﺑـﺔ‬jaḍḍāba)
suction pump; ‫)اﳊﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ )ﻣﻀﺨﺔ اﳊﺮاﺋﻖ‬fire engine; ‫ ﻣﻀﺨﺔ راﻓﻌﺔ‬suction pump
‫ ﺿـﺨﻢ‬ḍakuma u (‫ ﺿـﺨﻢ‬ḍakāma) to be or become big, large, bulky, heavy,
gross, voluminous II to inflate, blow up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to swell, become
inflated; to expand, distend
‫ ﺿـﺨﻢ‬ḍakm pl. ḍikām big, large, sizable, great (also of a name, of
prestige); bulky, gross; heavy, voluminous, huge, vast, ample, colossal;
stout, corpulent, plump, buxom; magnificent, splendid, gorgeous, luxurious,
pompous | ‫اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‬ ‫( اﳌﺪﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬midfa‘īya) heavy artillery
‫ ﺿــﺨﺎﻣﺔ‬ḍakāma bigness, largeness, greatness; bulkiness, grossness;
heaviness; volume, voluminosity; stoutness, plumpness, corpulence,
Confidential
obesity; pomp, splendor
‫ ﺗﻀﺨﻴﻢ‬taḍkīm inflating
‫ ﺿــﺨﻢ‬taḍakkum inflation; swelling, expansion, dilation, distention;
(monetary) inflation, also (‫ﻣﺎﱄ‬ ‫( ﻧﻘﺪي( ﺗﻀﺨﻢ‬naqdī) | ‫ ﺗﻀـﺨﻢ اﻟﻄﺤـﺎل‬distention
of the spleen (med.)
‫ ﻣﻀﺨﻢ‬muḍakkim pl. -āt amplifier | ‫ ﻣﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﺼﻮت‬m. aṣ-ṣaut loud-speaker
‫ ﺿـﺪ‬III to be contrary, opposed, contrasting, antagonistic, inverse; to act,
set o.s. (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬against), antagonize (‫ ه‬s.o.), contravene, violate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be
opposed (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), be contradictory (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), act contrary to s.o. or s.th.
(‫ه‬ ,‫)ﻫ ـ‬ VI to be opposed to each other, be contradictory, contradict one
another
‫ ﺿـﺪ‬ḍidd pl. ‫ اﺿـﺪاد‬aḍdād an opposite, a contrary, contrast; word with two
opposite meanings; adversary, opponent; antitoxin, antidote, anti- (in
compounds); ‫ﺿـﺪة‬ ḍidda (prep.) against | ‫ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻀـﺪ‬ to do or think the
opposite, take an opposite stand
‫ ﺿـﺪﻳﺔ‬ḍiddiīya contrariness, oppositeness, opposition; enmity, hostility,
animosity
‫ ﻣﻀﺎدة‬muḍādda contrast, opposite, contradiction
889
‫ ﺗﻀﺎد‬taḍādd contrast, opposite, contradiction

‫ ﻣﻀـﺎد‬muḍādd opposed, opposite, contrary, counter-, contra-, anti- (in
compounds); pl. ‫ﻣﻀـﺎدات‬ antidotes | ‫ﻣﻀـﺎدات ﻟﻠﺤﺒـﻞ‬ (ḥabal) contraceptives;
‫( ﻣﻀﺎدات ﺣﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ḥašarīya) insecticides; ‫( ﻣﻀﺎدات ﻟﻠﻔﺴﺎد‬li-l-fasād) antiseptics
‫ ﻣﺘﻀﺎد‬mutaḍādd contrary, opposite
‫ ﺿـﺮ‬ḍarra u (ḍarr) to harm, impair, prejudice, damage, hurt, injure (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.), do harm, be harmful, noxious or injurious (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o., to s.th.) II
to damage, harm, prejudice III = I; IV = | (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to force, compel,
coerce, oblige (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. to); to do violence (‫ ه‬to s.o.), bring pressure to
bear (‫ ه‬on); to add a second wife to one'. household V to be damaged,
harmed, impaired, prejudiced, hurt, or injured; to suffer damage or loss; to
complain (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of, about) VII to be damaged, harmed, impaired, prejudiced,
hurt, or injured; to suffer damage or loss VIII to force, compel, coerce,
oblige (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ اﱃ‬to); -- pass. uḍṭurra to be forced, compelled, obliged (‫اﱃ‬
Confidential
to); to be in an emergency or predicament, be hard pressed; to be in need (‫اﱃ‬
of s.th.) need, want (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺿـﺮ‬ḍurr, ḍarr damage, harm, impairment, prejudice, detriment, injury,
hurt; loss, disadvantage
‫ ﺿﺮ‬ḍirr, ḍurr addition of a second wife to one’s household
‫ ﺿـﺮة‬ḍarra pl. -āt, ‫ ﺿـﺮاﺋﺮ‬ḍarā’ir2 wife other than the first of a plural
marriage;
udder
‫ ﺿﺮر‬ḍarar pl. ‫ اﺿـﺮار‬aḍrār harm, damage, detriment; loss, disadvantage | ‫ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ اﻟﻀـﺮر‬what does it matter? what’s the harm of it? ‫ اﺧـﻒ اﻟﻀـﺮرﻳﻦ‬akaff aḍ-ḍ the
lesser of the two evils
‫ ﺿـﺮاء‬ḍarrā’ distress, adversity | ‫( ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺮاء واﻟﻀـﺮاء‬sarrā’) in good and bad
days, for better or for worse
‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺮ‬ḍarīr blind
‫ ﺿـﺮورة‬ḍarūra pl. -āt necessity, stress, constraint, need; distress, plight,
emergency, want, austerity; ḍarūratan necessarily | ‫ ﻟﻀـﺮورة‬necessarily; ‫ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﻀـﺮورة‬in case of need, if need. be, when necessary; ‫( ﻟﻠﻀـﺮورة اﻟﻘﺼـﻮى‬quṣwā)
890
in case of dire necessity, if worst comes to worst; ‫ ﻟﻠﻀـﺮورة اﺣﻜـﺎم‬and ‫اﻟﻀـﺮورة‬

‫( ﺗﺒﻴﺢ اﶈﻈﻮرات‬tubīḥu) necessity knows no laws
‫ ﺿـﺮوري‬ḍarūrī necessary, imperative, requisite, indispensable, inevitable;
pl. ‫ ﺿــﺮور ت‬ḍarūrīyāt necessaries, necessities | ‫ ﻛــﺎن ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻀــﺮوري‬to be
necessary; ‫ ﺿــﺮور ت اﳊﻴــﺎة‬ḍ. al-ḥayāh necessities of life; ‫ﺿــﺮور ت اﻷﺣـﻮال‬
exigencies, requirements of the situation
‫ ﻣﻀــﺮة‬maḍarra pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻀــﺎر‬maḍārr2 harm, damage, detriment, loss,
disadvantage ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for)
‫ اﺿـﻄﺮار‬iḍtirār compulsion, coercion; necessity, exigency, requirement;
plight, predicament, emergency | ‫اﻻﺿﻄﺮار‬ ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ‬in case of emergency
‫ اﺿﻄﺮارى‬iḍṭirārī coercive, compulsory, inevitable, necessary, obligatory
‫ ﺿﺎر‬ḍārr harmful, injurious, detrimental, noxious, disadvantageous
‫ ﻣﻀﺮ‬muḍirr harmful, injurious, detrimental, noxious, disadvantageous (‫ب‬
to, for)
‫ ﻣﻀﻄﺮ‬muḍṭarr forced, compelled, obliged (‫ اﱃ‬to); poor, destitute; wanting
Confidential
(‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), in need (‫ اﱃ‬of s.th.)
‫ ﺿـﺮب‬ḍaraba i (ḍarb) to boat, strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ب‬
with s.th. on; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. on); to shoot, fire (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬at s.o., at s.th.), shell,
bombard (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to play (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬a musical instrument); to make
music; to type (on a typewriter); to sting (scorpion); to separate, part (‫ﺑـﲔ‬

people); to impose (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.o. s.th.); ‫ ﺿـﺮب ﻋـﻦ‬to turn away from, leave,
forsake, abandon, avoid, or shun s.o. or s.th.; -- (ḍarb, ‫ﺿـﺮ ن‬ ḍarabān) to
pulsate, palpitate, throb, boat (vein, heart); to ache (violently), hurt (wound,
tooth); to move, stir; to rove, roam about, travel (‫ ﰲ‬in, through), loiter, stroll
(in streets); to cruise (ship); to migrate (bird); to incline (‫ اﱃ‬to a color),
shade (‫ اﱃ‬into a color); -- (‫ ﺿﺮاب‬ḍirāb) to cover, mount (‫ ﻫﺎ‬the camel mare) |
‫( ﺿـﺮب ﻟـﻪ اﺟـﻼ‬ajalan) to fix a date for s.o.; ‫( ﺿـﺮب اﻷرز‬aruzza) to hull rice;
‫( ﺿـﺮب ﰲ اﻷرض‬arḍ) to travel; ‫( ﺿـﺮب ﺑﻮﻳـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬bōya) to paint or daub s.th.;
‫ ﺿـﺮب اﻟﺒـﺎب‬to knock on the door; ‫( ﺿـﺮب اﳉـﺮس‬jaras) to ring the bell; ‫ﺿـﺮب‬
891
‫( ﺣﻘﻨﺎ‬ḥaqnan) to administer a syringe, give an injection; ‫( ﺿﺮب ﺧﻄﺎ‬kaṭṭan) to

draw a line; ‫( ﺿـﺮب أﲬﺎﺳـﺎ ﻷﺳـﺪاس‬li-asdāsin) and ‫ ﺿـﺮب اﲬﺎﺳـﻪ ﰲ اﺳﺪاﺳـﻪ‬to
brood, rack one’s brain in order to find a way out; to be at one’s wit’s end;
to intrigue, scheme; to build air castles; to daydream; ‫ﺧﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺿـﺮب‬kaimatan)
to pitch a tent; ‫( ﺿـﺮب اﻟـﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳـﻲ‬raqma, qiyāsīya) to break a record; ‫ﺿـﺮب‬
‫( اﻟﺴـﻼم‬salām) to give a military salute; ‫ ﺿـﺮب ﺿـﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬to impose a tax (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on
s.o.); ‫( ﺿـﺮب اﻃﻨﺎﺑـﻪ ﰲ‬aṭnābahū) to take root, prevail (at a place); ‫ﺿـﺮب اﻃﻨﺎﺑـﻪ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to settle down, take up permanent residence in a place; ‫( ﺿﺮب ﻃﻮ‬ṭūban)
to make brick; ‫آﺧـﺮ‬ ‫‘( ﺿﺮب ﻋﺪدا ﰲ‬adadan fī ākara) to multiply a number by
another; ‫ﻋﻨﻘـﻪ‬ ‫‘ ﺿـﺮب‬unuqahū) to behead, decapitate s.o., have s.o.’s head cut
off; ‫( ﺿـﺮب ﻗﺎﻟﺒـﻪ‬qāllabahū) to imitate s.th.; ‫( ﺿـﺮب ﻛﻔـﺎ‬kaffan) to slap s.o.’s
face;‫( ﺿـﺮب ﻣـﺜﻼ ﻟ ـ‬matalan) to apply a proverb to; ‫( ﺿـﺮب ﻟـﻪ ﻣـﺜﻼ‬matalan) to
give s.o. an example, point out a model for s.o.; ‫ ﺿـﺮب ﻣـﺜﻼ‬to give an
example; to quote as an example (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻟ ـ‬or ‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. for); ‫ ﺿـﺮب اﻷﻣﺜـﺎل‬to
Confidential
impart words of wisdom, point out morals; ‫ ﺿـﺮب ﻧﻘـﻮدا‬to mint money; ‫ﺿـﺮب‬
‫ﻣﻮﻋــﺪا‬ (mau‘idan) to agree on time or place of a meeting, make an

appointment; ‫اﻟﺼـﻔﺮة‬
‫( )ﺿـﺮب اﱃ اﳊﻤـﺮة )اﱃ‬ḥumra, ṣafra) to shade into red (into
yellow); ‫( ﺿـﺮب ﺑـﻪ اﻷرض‬arḍ) to throw s.o. or s.th. to the ground; ‫ﺿـﺮب ﰲ‬
‫( اﳋﻴﺎل‬kayāl) to be in the clouds, be unrealistic; to want the impossible; ‫ﺿﺮب‬

‫( ﺑﺮأﺳـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬bi-ra’sihī ‘alā ṣadrihī) to let one’s head sink to the chest;
‫( ﺿﺮب ﺑﺴﻬﻢ ﻣﺼﻴﺐ ﰲ‬bi-sahmin muṣībin) to take an active part in; ‫ﺿﺮب ﺑﺴﻬﻢ‬
‫( وﻧﺼـﻴﺐ ﰲ‬wa-naṣībin) to participate in, share s.th.; ‫( ﺿـﺮب ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺑﻌـﺮق‬bi-‘irq)
do.; ‫ﺿـﺮب ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺮض اﳊـﺎﺋﻂ‬ (‘urda l-ḥ.) not to give a hoot for s.th.; to disdain,
despise, reject s.th.; to throw s.th. overboard, jettison s.th.; ‫ﺿـﺮب ﺑﻨﻈـﺮﻩ اﱃ‬
(naẓarihī) to turn one’s glance to; ‫( ﺿـﺮب ﺑﻮﺟـﻪ ﺻـﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬bi-wajhihī ṣāḥibihī) to
boomerang, fall back on the originator; ‫( ﺿـﺮب ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬kalima) to efface,
strike, or erase, a word; ‫ﺻـﻔﺤﺎ‬ ‫( ﺿـﺮب ﻋﻨـﻪ‬ṣafḥan) to turn away s.o. or s.th.; to
disregard, ignore s.o. or s.th., pay no attention to, pass over s.o. or s.th.;
892
‫ﺿـﺮب ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳـﺪ ﺑﺮﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ﺿـﺮب ﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻪ ﺳـﺒﻌﺔ ا م‬

to take futile steps; to beat the air;
(sab’ata ayyamin) he decided to stay seven days; ‫( ﺿﺮب ﺑﲔ وﺑﻴﻨـﻪ اﻷ م‬ayyām)
fate separated me from him,
drew us apart II to mix, blend (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to sow dissension, cause
trouble (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬among); to quilt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a fabric) III to contend, vie, fight (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with
s.o.); to speculate IV to turn away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), leave, abandon, forsake,
desert, avoid, shun (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o., s.th.); to remain, stay, abide (‫ ﰲ‬in) | ‫اﺿﺮب ﺟﺄﺷﺎ‬
‫( ﻟـ‬ja’šan) to be prepared for s.th., make up one’s mind to take s.th. upon o.s.;
‫( اﺿـﺮب ﺻـﻔﺤﺎ ﻋـﻦ‬ṣafḥan) to desist, abstain from; ‫‘( اﺿـﺮب ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬amal) to
stop work, to strike; ‫( اﺿـﺮب ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻄﻌـﺎم‬ṭa‘ām) to go, on a hunger strike VI to
come to blows, brawl, fight, strike one another; to be divided, differ,
conflict, clash, be contradictory (opinions, and the like) VIII to clash, surge,
lap (waves); to be set, or get, into a state of unrest, turmoil, excitement,
commotion, tumult, agitation, be or become agitated, troubled; to be in a
lively stir, move about, bustle, hustle, romp; to sway, reel, waver; to be or
become disturbed, unsettled, disorganized, disarranged, disordered,
Confidential
confused, entangled, upset, restless, uneasy, or anxious; to tremble, shake
‫ ﺿـﺮب‬ḍarb beating, striking, hitting, rapping; shooting, shelling, gunning,
bombing, bombardment; multiplication; coining, formation; minting (of
money); -- (pl. ‫ ﺿـﺮوب‬ḍurūb) kind, sort, specimen, species, variety; last foot
of the second hemistich; (pl. ‫ اﺿـﺮاب‬aḍrāb) similar, like | ‫ ﺿـﺮﲞﺎﻧﺔ‬and ‫دار‬
‫( اﻟﻀـﺮب‬money) mint; ‫ﺿـﺮب اﻟﺮﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ ﺿـﺮب اﻟﻨـﺎر‬shooting,

ḍ. ar-raml geomancy;
tiring, shelling, gunning, bombardment; ‫ وﺿـﻊ اﻟﺴـﻼح ﲢـﺖ اﻟﻀـﺮب‬to level a
weapon, bold a weapon ready to fire; ‫ ﻫﻮ واﺿﺮاﺑﻪ‬he and the likes of him
‫ ﺿـﺮﺑﺔ‬ḍarba (n. vic.) pl. ḍarabāt blow, knock, punch; thrust, push, jolt,
shock; stroke, lash; shot; plague, affliction, trial, tribulation, punishment |
‫ ﺿـﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ‬ḍ. aš-šams sunstroke, heatstroke; ‫( ﺿـﺮﺑﺔ ﻗﺎﺿـﻴﺔ‬qāḍiya) fatal blow,
deathblow (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for); ‫ﺟﺰاء‬ ‫ ﺿﺮﺑﺔ‬ḍ. jazā’ penalty kick (in soccer)
‫ ﺿﺮاب‬ḍirāb copulation (of a female animal)
‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ḍarīb beaten, struck, smitten, bit; similar, like | ‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﻓﻼن‬one
of the caliber of Sheik So-and-So
‫ ﺿـﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬ḍarība pl. ‫ ﺿـﺮاﺋﺐ‬ḍarāib2 imposition, impost; levy, tax, duty;
character, nature | ‫ﺿـﺮﻳﺒﺔ اﻟـﺪﺧﻞ‬ ḍ. ad-dakl income tax; ‫ﺿـﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻛﺴـﺐ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ ḍ.
893
kasb al-‘amal wage tax; ‫ﺿ ـﺮﻳﺒﺔ اﳌﻼﻫــﻰ‬ ḍ. al-malāhī admission tax,

entertainment tax
‫ ﻣﻀـﺮب‬maḍrib pl. ‫ ﻣﻀـﺎرب‬madārib2 camp site; camp; place, spot, locality;
way, path; large tent, marquee | ‫)اﻷﻣﺜـﺎل‬ ‫( )ﻛـﺎن ﻣﻀـﺮب اﳌﺜـﻞ‬m. al-maṭal) to be
proverbial, be exemplary, be unique, be cited as an example; ‫ ﻣﻀـﺎرب ارز‬m.
aruzz rice-hulling facilities
‫ ﻣﻀـﺮب‬miḍrab pl. ‫ ﻣﻀـﺎرب‬maḍārib2 large tent, marquee, pavilion; bat,
mallet; racket (tennis, etc.); whisk, beater (e.g., for eggs); swatter,
flyswatter; piano
‫ ﻣﻀﺮاب‬miḍrāb bat, mallet, racket (ball games, tennis)
‫ ﻣﻀـﺎرﺑﺔ‬muḍāraba pl. -āt speculation (stock exchange); silent partnership
(Isl. Law), limited partnership, partnership in commendam
‫ اﺿﺮاب‬iḍrāb pl. -āt strike
‫ ﺗﻀــﺎرب‬taḍārub opposition, contradiction, inconsistency, discrepancy,
incompatibility, conflict, clash (of opinions, and the like)
‫ ﺿـﺮب‬idṭirāb pl. -āt disturbance, disorder, disarray; confusion, muddle,
Confidential
perturbation; disorganization, disruption, upset, derangement; trouble,
commotion, unrest, riot (also pol.); restlessness, restiveness | ‫ﻋﺼـﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﺿـﻄﺮا ت‬
(‘aṣabīya) nervous disorders
‫ ﺿـﻮارب‬ḍawārib2 pl. of ‫ ﺿـﺎرب‬ḍārib besting, striking, etc. | ‫اﻟﻌـﺮوق اﻟﻀـﻮارب‬
the arteries; ‫ﺿﻮارب‬ ‫( ﻃﲑ‬ṭair) migratory birds
‫ ﻣﻀـﺮوب‬maḍrūb appointed, agreed upon, fixed, determined (time, date,
place); multiplicand (math.) | ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻀﺮوب‬multiplier (math.)
‫ ﻣﻀﺮﺑﺔ‬muḍarraba quilt, comforter
‫ ﻣﻀﺎرب‬muḍārib pl. -ūn speculator
‫ ﻣﺘﻀــﺎرب‬mutaḍārib conflicting, irreconcilable, incompatible, divided
(opinions, and the like); contradictory, discrepant, inconsistent
‫ ﻣﻀـﻄﺮب‬muḍṭarib disturbed, disordered, disarrayed, unsettled; confused,
muddled, perturbed; upset, disrupted, disorganized, deranged; uneasy,
restive, agitated, excited, anxious; weak, insufficiently supported (tradition)
‫ ﻣﻀﻄﺮب‬muḍtarab playground (fig.)
‫ ﺿﺮﲞﺎن‬see ‫ ﺿﺮب‬ḍarb
‫ ﺿﺮج‬ḍaraja u (ḍarj) to spot, stain, befleck, smear (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻟـﺪم‬s.th. with blood)
II = I V to redden, be or become red
894
‫ ﻣﻀﺮج‬muḍaraj: ‫ ﻣﻀﺮج اﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬m. al-yadain with bloodstained hands; (caught)

red-handed, in the act
‫ ﺿﺮﻳﺢ‬ḍarīḥ pl. ‫ ﺿﺮاﺋﺢ‬darā’iḥ2, ‫ اﺿﺮﺣﺔ‬aḍriḥa grave, tomb; mausoleum
‫ ﺿـﺮس‬ḍarasa i (ḍars) to bite firmly or fiercely (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- darisa a (daras)
to be dull (‫ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬the teeth from acid food and drink)
‫ ﺿـﺮس‬ḍirs pl. ‫ اﺿـﺮاس‬aḍrās, ‫ ﺿـﺮوس‬ḍurūs molar tooth | ‫ ﺿـﺮس اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ‬ḍ. al-‘aql
wisdom tooth
‫ ﺣﺮب ﺿﺮوس‬ḥarb ḍarūs fierce, murderous war
‫ ﺗﻀـﺎرﻳﺲ‬taḍārīs2: ‫ ﺗﻀـﺎرﻳﺲ اﻷرض‬t. al-arḍ elevations, undulations of the
ground; ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ‬t. al-wajh wrinkles of the face
‫ ﺿﺮط‬ḍaraṭ i (ḍarṭ, ‫ ﺿﺮﻳﻂ‬ḍarīṭ, ‫ ﺿﺮاط‬ḍurāṭ) to break wind
‫ ﺿﺮط‬ḍarṭ (n. un ‫ )ة‬wind, fart
‫ ﺿﺮاط‬ḍurāṭ wind, fart
‫ ﺿـﺮع‬ḍara‘a a, ḍaru‘a u (‫ ﺿـﺮﻋﺔ‬ḍarā‘a) and ḍarā‘a a (ḍarā‘a) to be humble,
Confidential
submissive (‫ اﱃ‬toward s.o.), humiliate o.s., abase o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬before); to
implore, beg, beseech, entreat (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.) III to be similar, be equal (‫ه‬
s.o., to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ه‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to
,‫)ﻫ ـ‬, resemble (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) V and
VIII to humiliate o.s., abase o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬before); to implore, beg, beseech,
entreat (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.)
‫ ﺿــﺮع‬ḍar‘ pl. ‫ ﺿــﺮوع‬ḍurū‘, ‫ ﺿـﺮاع‬ḍirā‘ udder, teat | ‫( اﻟــﺰرع واﻟﻀــﺮع‬zar‘)
agriculture and stock farming
‫ ﺿﺮع‬ḍir‘ like, alike, similar
‫ ﺿـﺮاﻋﺔ‬ḍarā‘a submissiveness, humbleness; imploring, begging, entreaty,
supplication
‫ ﻣﻀﺎرﻋﺔ‬muḍāra‘a likeness, similarity, resemblance
‫ ﺗﻀﺮع‬taḍarru‘ imploring, begging, entreaty, supplication
‫ ﺿﺎرع‬ḍāri‘ frail (of a person)
‫ ﻣﻀﺎرع‬muḍāri‘ like, alike, similar; (gram.) imperfect
‫ ﺿﺮﻏﻢ‬ḍargam pl. ‫ ﺿﺮاﻏﻢ‬ḍarāgim2 lion
‫ ﺿﺮﻏﺎم‬ḍirgām pl. ‫ ﺿﺮاﻏﻤﺔ‬ḍarāgima lion
895
‫ ﺿـﺮم‬ḍarama a (ḍaram) to catch fire, be on fire, burn, flare, blaze; to break

out, flare up (war) II to kindle, light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fire) | ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ﺿـﺮم اﻟﻨـﺎر‬to set s.th. on fire,
set fire to s.th. IV = II; V to burn, flare, flame, be ablaze (also of emotions,
of passion) VIII = I
‫ ﺿﺮام‬ḍirām burning, blaze, flare; fire, conflagration
‫ اﺿﻄﺮام‬iḍṭirām burning, flare, blaze; fire, conflagration
‫ ﻣﻀﻄﺮم‬muḍṭarim burning, flaming, on fire
‫ ﺿﺮو‬II to set (‫ ﻫـ ب‬a dog on game); to provoke (‫ ه‬s.o.) to a fight (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﺿﺮو‬ḍirw pl. ‫ اﺿﺮ‬aḍrin, ‫ ﺿﺮاء‬ḍirā’ hound, hunting dog
‫ ﺿﺮاوة‬ḍarāwa greed, voracity
‫ ﺿـﺎر‬ḍārin voracious, ferocious, savage, rapacious; (pl. ‫ ﺿـﻮار‬ḍawārin)
beast of prey, predatory animal
‫ ﺿﻌﻀـﻊ‬ḍa‘ḍa‘a to tear down, demolish, raze, ruin, undermine, weaken (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) II taḍa‘ḍa‘a to decline, decay, become dilapidated, perish; to become
weak or weaker, wane; to dissolve, fall apart (organization)
‫ ﺿﻌﻀﻌﺔ‬ḍa‘ḍa‘a demolition, razing; sapping, undermining; debility, frailty,
Confidential
feebleness | ‫اﻟﻜﱪ‬ ‫ ﺿﻌﻀﻌﺔ‬ḍ. al-kibar senility, dotage
‫ ﻣﺘﻀﻌﻀـﻊ‬mutaḍa‘ḍi‘ dilapidated, decayed; weakened, debilitated; weak,
frail, feeble; submissive, humble
‫ ﺿﻌﻒ‬ḍa‘ufa u (ḍu‘f) to be or become weak, weakly, feeble, frail, delicate,
debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby, or slack; to become weaker, wane,
decrease, diminish, abate, be attenuated; to be too weak (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for s.th.) IV to
weaken, enfeeble, debilitate (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) X to deem (‫ ه‬s.o.) weak;
to behave arrogantly (‫ ه‬toward s.o.)
‫ ﺿـﻌﻒ‬ḍ‘uf, ḍa‘f weakness, feebleness, frailty; weakening, enfeeblement,
debilitation | ‫ﺿــﻌﻒ اﻹرادة‬ weakness of will; ‫اﻟﻀــﻌﻒ اﻟﻌﺼــﱯ‬ (‘aṣabī)
neurasthenia, nervous debility; ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻞ‬‫ ﺿﻌﻒ‬ḍ. at-tanāsul sexual impotence
‫ ﺿـﻌﻴﻒ‬ḍa‘īf pl. m. ‫ ﺿـﻌﻔﺎء‬ḍu‘afā’2, ‫ ﺿـﻌﺎف‬ḍi‘āf, ‫ ﺿـﻌﻔﺔ‬ḍa‘afa, pl. f. ‫ﺿـﻌﺎﺋﻒ‬
ḍa‘ā’if2 weak, feeble; frail, weakly, delicate,
debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby, slack; deficient (as a school-report
mark) | ‫ ﺿـﻌﻴﻒ اﻹرادة‬weak-willed; ‫ ﺿـﻌﻴﻒ اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ‬ḍ. al-‘aql dim-witted, feeble-
minded; ‫ﺿـﻌﻴﻒ اﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‬ ḍ. al-qalb weak-spirited, pusillanimous, meek, faint-
896
hearted, despondent, cowardly; ‫ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻀـﻌﻴﻒ‬my own insignificant self, I (as

an expression of modesty)
‫ اﺿﻌﺎف‬iḍ‘āf weakening, enfeeblement, debilitation; impairment
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻀﻌﻒ‬mustaḍ‘af deemed weak; weak; oppressed, miserable
2‫ ﺿـﻌﻒ‬II to double, redouble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to multiply, compound (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III
do. (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VI to be doubled, be compounded, be multiplied

‫ ﺿـﻌﻒ‬pl. ḍi‘f pl. ‫ اﺿـﻌﺎف‬aḍ‘āf double, that which is twice as much; a
multiple, that which is several times as much, (after numerals) -fold; fold of
a garment; pl. interstice, space | ‫ ﻣﺌـﺔ ﺿـﻌﻔﻪ‬mi’atu ḍi‘fihī a hundred times as
much, the hundredfold of it; ‫اﺿـﻌﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ ﺛﻼﺛـﺔ‬talātatu aḍ‘āfihī thrice as much, the
threefold of it; ‫ اﺿـﻌﺎف اﺿـﻌﺎﻓﻪ‬a. aḍ‘āfihī many times as much, e.g. ‫ﻓـﺎق ﻫـﺬا‬
‫) اﳌﺒﻠـﻎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒـﻪ اﺿـﻌﺎف اﺿـﻌﺎﻓﻪ‬mablagu murattabahū aḍ‘āfa a.) this amount was
many times as much as his salary; ‫ﻣﻀـﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬ ‫ اﺿـﻌﺎﻓﺎ‬aḍ‘āfan muḍā‘afatan many
times, a hundred-fold
‫ ﺗﻀــﺎﻋﻴﻒ‬taḍā‘īf2 contents, text (of a piece of writing); folds; space
Confidential
between the lines; (as an expletive after
contained
‫ﰲ( ﰲ ﺗﻀـﺎﻋﻴﻔﻪ‬ within it, therein
‫ ﻣﻀ ــﺎﻋﻔﺔ‬muḍā‘afa doubling, compounding, multiplying; pl. -āt

complications (of a disease)
‫ ﺗﻀﺎﻋﻒ‬taḍā‘uf doubling, multiplying
‫ ﻣﻀــﻌﻒ‬muḍa‘‘af twofold, double; multiplied, compounded, increased
many times
‫ ﻣﻀــﺎﻋﻒ‬muḍā‘af twofold, double; multiplied, compounded, increased
many times; see also ḍi‘f
‫ ﺿﻌﺔ‬ḍa‘a, ḍi‘a see ‫وﺿﻊ‬
‫ ﺿﻐﺚ‬ḍagata a (ḍagt) to confuse, muddle, mix up (‫ ﻫـ‬a story)
‫ ﺿـﻐﺚ‬lIiM pl. ‫ اﺿـﻐﺎث‬aḍgāt bunch, bouquet; mixture, muddle, jumble,
maze | ‫ اﺿـﻐﺎث اﻷﺣـﻼم‬confused dreams; ‫( زاد ﺿـﻐﺜﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ا ﻟـﺔ‬ibāla) to make a
thing worse
‫ ﺿـﻐﻂ‬ḍagaṭa a (ḍagṭ) to press, squeeze (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to compress (‫ﻫ ـ‬
air); to exert pressure (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to oppress, suppress (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.), beer
down heavily (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon) VII to be pressed, be squeezed, be compressed
897
‫ ﺿـﻐﻂ‬ḍagṭ pressure; emphasis, stress; oppression, suppression; voltage,

tension (el.) | ‫اﳉﻮي‬ ‫( اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬jawwī) atmospheric pressure; ‫ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺪم‬ḍ. ad-dam
and ‫( اﻟﻀــﻐﻂ اﻟــﺪﻣﻮي‬damawī) blood pressure; ‫ ﺿــﻐﻂ اﳍـﻮاء‬ḍ. al-hawā’ air
pressure; ‫( ﲢـﺖ ﺿـﻐﻂ اﻟـﺮأي اﻟﻌـﺎم‬ḍ. ar-ra’y al-‘āmm) under the pressure of
public opinion
‫ ﺿﻐﻄﺔ‬ḍagṭa (n. vic.) pressure
O ‫ ﺿﻐﻮﻃﻴﺔ‬ḍugūṭīya (wind) pressure
‫ ﺿﺎﻏﻮط‬ḍāgūṭ nightmare
O ‫ ﻣﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬madāgiṭ2: ‫ﻫﻮاﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬hawā’īya) compressors
‫ ﺗﻀﺎﻏﻂ‬taḍāguṭ compression (phys.; as opposed to ‫ ﲣﻠﺨﻞ‬takalkul)
‫ اﻧﻀﻐﺎط‬inḍigāṭ compressibility
‫ ﺿﺎﻏﻂ‬ḍāgiṭ: ‫ آﻟﺔ ﺿﺎﻏﻄﺔ‬compressor
‫ ﻣﻀﻐﻮط‬madgūṭ: ‫( ﻫﻮاء ﻣﻀﻐﻮط‬hawā’) compressed air
‫ ﺿـﻐﻦ‬ḍagina a (ḍagan) to bear a grudge, harbor (secret) hatred (‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬
Confidential
against), recent (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) VI to harbor a grudge against one another
‫ ﺿﻐﻦ‬ḍign pl. ‫ اﺿﻐﺎن‬aḍgān rancor, spite, grudge, malice, malevolence, ill
will, (secret) hatred
‫ ﺿﻐﻦ‬ḍagin malicious, malevolent, rancorous, spiteful, resentful
‫ ﺿــﻐﻴﻨﺔ‬ḍagīna pl. ‫ ﺿــﻐﺎﺋﻦ‬ḍagā’in2 rancor, spite, grudge, malice,
malevolence, ill-will, (secret) hatred
‫ ﺿﻔﺔ‬ḍiffa crowd, throng, jam (of people)
‫ ﺿﻔﺔ‬ḍiffa, ḍaffa pl. ‫ ﺿﻔﺎف‬ḍifāf bank, share; coast
‫ ﺿﻔﻒ‬ḍafaf poverty, destitution
‫ ﺿـﻔﺪع‬ḍifdi‘, ḍafda‘ pl. ‫ ﺿـﻔﺎدع‬ḍafādi‘2 frog | O ‫( ﺿــﻔﺪع ﺑﺸـﺮي‬bašarī)
frogman (mil.)
‫ ﺿــﻔﺮ‬ḍafara i (ḍafr) to braid, plait (‫ ﻫ ـ‬hair), interweave, interlace,
intertwine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to twine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a rope) II = I; III to help, assist, aid (‫ ه‬s.o.)
VI to help one another (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.); to be tightly interwoven, be tied up,
be closely connected (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with); to be connected (evidence)
‫ ﺿﻔﺮ‬ḍafr pl. ‫ ﺿﻔﻮر‬ḍufūr (saddle) girth
898
‫ ﺿﻔﺎر‬ḍafār pl. ‫ ﺿﻔﺮ‬ḍufur (saddle) girth

‫ ﺿﻔﲑة‬ḍafīra pl. ‫ اﺿﻔﺎر‬ḍafā’ir2 plait; braid, tress, pigtail; plaitwork, wicker-
work; galloon, lace; strand, hank, skein; plexus (anat.)
‫ )ﺿـﻔﺎ )ﺿـﻔﻮ‬dafā u (ḍafw) to be abundant, copious; to flow over IV to allot
generouely (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. to); to grant, award (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th. to); to let s.o. or s.th.
(‫ )ﻋﻠﻰ‬have (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fill (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. with); to wrap, envelope (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th., ‫ﻫ ـ‬
with), spread (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th. over)
‫ ﺿﻔﻮة‬ḍafwa: ‫ ﺿﻔﻮة اﻟﻌﻴﺶ‬ḍ. al-‘aiš an easy, comfortable life
‫ ﺿﺎف‬ḍāfin abundant, copious, ample; detailed, elaborate, extensive
‫ ﺿﻞ‬ḍalla i (‫ ﺿﻼل‬ḍalāl, ‫ ﺿـﻼﻟﺔ‬ḍalāla) to lose one’s way, go astray; to stray
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬from the way); to err | ‫ﺳﻌﻴﻪ‬
‫( ﺿﻞ‬sa‘yuhū) his effort was in vain II to
mislead, lead astray, misguide (‫ ه‬s.o.); to delude, deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ﺿـﻞ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
to delude o.s. IV = II; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) lose his way (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to let (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬s.th. get
lost
Confidential
‫ ﺿﻞ‬ḍull error
‫ ﺿـﻼل‬ḍalāl a straying from the right path or from truth; error | O ‫ﺿـﻼل‬
‫ اﻷﻟﻮان‬color blindness, dichromatism
‫ ﺿﻼﻟﺔ‬ḍalāla error
‫ اﺿﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬uḍlūla pl. ‫ اﺿﺎﻟﻴﻞ‬aḍālīl2 error
‫ ﻣﻀﻠﺔ‬maḍalla occasion, or possibility, of going astray
‫ ﺗﻀﻠﻴﻞ‬taḍlīl misleading, misguidance, delusion, deception
‫ اﺿﻼل‬iḍlāl misleading, misguidance, delusion, deception
‫ ﺿـﺎل‬ḍāll pl. ‫ ﺿـﻮال‬ḍawāll straying, roaming, wandering; astray, lost;
erroneous, false
‫ ﺿﺎﻟﺔ‬ḍālla goal of persistent search, object of a long-cherished wish | ‫ﺿﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﻮدة‬do.
‫ ﻣﻀﻠﻞ‬muḍallil misleading, misguiding, deceptive, delusive, fallacious
‫ ﻣﻀﻞ‬muḍill misleading, misguiding, deceptive, delusive, fallacious
‫ ﺿـﻠﻊ‬ḍala‘a a (ḍal‘) with ‫ﻣـﻊ‬: to aide with s.o., make common cause with
s.o.; -- ḍalu‘a u (‫ ﺿـﻼﻋﺔ‬ḍalā‘a) to be otrong, sturdy, robust; -- ḍalī‘a a
899
(ḍala‘) to be crooked, bent, curved, to curve II to crook, bend, curve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

V to be jammed, crammed (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with); to be versed, skilled, proficient,
knowledgeable (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬in), be conversant, be thoroughly familiar or acquainted
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬with), be at home (‫ ﻣﻦ‬in a field of knowledge) VIII to be versed, skilled,
proficient (‫ ب‬in), be thoroughly familiar or acquainted, be conversant (‫ب‬
with); to assume, take over, take upon o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th., a task, financial
expenses, a job, and the like) X to be versed, skilled, proficient (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬in), be
thoroughly familiar or acquainted, be conversant (‫ ﻣﻦ‬with)
‫ ﺿـﻠﻊ‬ḍal‘ affection, attachment | ‫ ﺿـﻠﻌﻪ ﻣﻌـﻪ‬he sympathized with him, he is
on his aide
‫ ﺿـﻠﻊ‬ḍil‘, ḍilā‘ pl. ‫ ﺿـﻠﻮع‬ḍulū‘, ‫ اﺿـﻼع‬aḍlā‘, ‫ اﺿـﻠﻊ‬aḍlu‘ rib; cutlet, chop;
side (of a triangle); ‫ اﻷﺿـﻼع‬the chest, the breast | ‫ ﺿـﻠﻊ اﻟﱪﻣﻴـﻞ‬ḍ. al-birmīl
barrel stave; ‫ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوى اﻷﺿﻼع‬mutasāwī l-a. equilateral (geom.); ‫ﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ ﺿﻠﻊ ﰲ‬
‫ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬he had s.th. to do with the matter, he had a hand in it, he played a role
Confidential
in the affair
‫ ﺿﻠﻴﻊ‬ḍalī‘ strong, sturdy; knowledgeable, experienced, skilled
‫ ﺿﻼﻋﺔ‬ḍalā‘a strength, sturdiness, robustness (of the body)
‫ ﻣﻀـﻠﻊ‬muḍalla‘ ribbed; polygonal; (pl. -āt polygon | ‫ ﺻـﺎج ﻣﻀـﻠﻊ‬corrugated
iron
‫ ﻣﺘﻀـﻠﻊ‬mutaḍalli‘ versed, skilled, proficient (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬in), thoroughly familiar,
conversant (‫ ﻣﻦ‬with); expert (‫ ﻣﻦ‬in)
‫( ﺿـﻠﻤﻪ‬Turk. dolma) ḍolma stuffed food (e.g., eggplants stuffed with meat
and rice)
‫ ﺿـﻢ‬ḍamma u (ḍamm) to bring together, join, draw together, contract (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to add (up), sum up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to gather, collect, reap, harvest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to unite, bring together (‫ ﻫـﻢ‬persons); to embrace, hug (‫ ه‬s.o.); to join,
subjoin, annex (‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.th. to), add, attach (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o., s.th. to), unite ( ,‫اﱃ ﻫـ‬
‫ه‬ s.o. , s.th. with); to combine (within o.s. different things); to close,
compress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the lips); to grasp, grip, grab, seize (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to get (‫ه‬
s.o.) into a predicament (said of fate); to pronounce with the vowel u (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
900
consonant; gram.) | ‫اﻟﺼـﻔﻮف‬ ‫ ﺿـﻢ‬to close the ranks; ‫( ﺿـﻤﻪ اﱃ ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬ṣadrihī) to

press s.o. to one’s bosom, embrace s.o.; ‫( ﺿــﻢ اﻟﻴــﻪ زوﺟﺘــﻪ‬zaujatahū) he
embraced his wife VI to unite, rally, join forces VII to close, draw or crowd
together, be closely packed; to be joined, united, or combined (‫ اﱃ‬with),
unite, join forces (‫ اﱃ‬with); to be added, be annexed (‫ اﱃ‬to); to associate,
affiliate (‫ اﱃ‬with); to enter, join (‫ اﱃ‬an organization, and the like); to
comprise, include, encompass, embrace, contain (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺿـﻢ‬ḍamm addition, subjunction; gathering, collecting, rallying, joining,
uniting, amalgamation, fusion; admission, enrollment; the vowel u (gram.)
‫ ﺿﻢ‬ḍamma the vowel point for u; (pl. -āt) embrace, hug
‫ ﺿـﻤﻴﻤﺔ‬ḍamīma pl. ‫ ﺿـﻤﺎﺋﻢ‬ḍamā’im2 addition, supplement; increase, raise
(of salary)
‫ ﺗﻀﺎم‬taḍāmm: ‫ ﺗﻀﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ‬together with, jointly with
‫ اﻧﻀـﻤﺎم‬inḍimām annexation (‫ اﱃ‬to), joining (‫ اﱃ‬of), union, association,
affiliation (‫ اﱃ‬with); entry, enrollment (‫ اﱃ‬into an organization, and the like),
Confidential
accession (‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ﻣﻀﻤﻮم‬maḍmūm closed, tight, compressed (mouth)
‫ ﻣﻨﻀﻢ‬munḍamm: ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻨﻀﻢ‬close order (mil.)
O ‫ ﻣﻨﻀﻤﺔ‬munḍamma accessory, attachment (techn.)
‫ اﺿـﻤﺤﻞ‬iḍmiḥlāl to disappear, vanish, dwindle, fade away, molt away; to
decrease, become less
‫ اﺿﻤﺤﻼل‬iḍmiḥlāl disappearance, vanishing, evanescence; fading
‫ ﻣﻀـﻤﺤﻞ‬muḍmaḥill vanishing, evanescent, fading; damped (oscillations,
waves; phys.)
‫ ﺿـﻤﺦ‬ḍamaka u (ḍamk) and II to oil, anoint, rub, perfume (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬s.o.,
s.th. with)
‫ ﺿـﻤﺪ‬ḍamada u i (ḍamd, ‫ ﺿـﻤﺎد‬ḍimād) and II to dress, bandage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
esp. a wound)
‫ ﺿﻤﺎد‬ḍimād bandaging (of a wound); bandage, band, ligature; carrying on
of several love affairs (of a woman)
‫ ﺿﻤﺎدة‬ḍimāda dressing (of a wound), bandage
‫ ﻣﻀﻤﺪ‬muḍammid (ir.) male nurse
901
‫ ﻣﻀﻤﺪة‬muḍammida o compress; (ir.) nurse

‫ ﺿـﻤﺮ‬ḍamara, ḍamura u (ḍumr, ‫ ﺿـﻤﻮر‬ḍumūr) to be or become lean,
emaciated, skinny, thin, slim, slander; to contract, shrink II to emaciate,
make lean, thin, or slender (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV = II; to secrete, conceal, hide, keep
secret (‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫـ ﰲ‬ s.th. in one’s heart), keep (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to o.s. (‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ ‫;)ﰲ‬ to
harbor, entertain (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a feeling toward, against) |‫( اﺿـﻤﺮ ﻟـﻪ اﻟﺸـﺮ‬šarra) to boar
s.o. a grudge, harbor ill will against s.o. V to become lean, emaciated VII to
dry up, wither, wilt, shrivel
‫ ﺿــﻤﺮ‬ḍumr emaciation; leanness, skinniness, thinness, slenderness,
slimness
‫ ﺿــﻤﻮر‬ḍumūr emaciation; loanness, skinniness, thinness, slenderness,
slimness; atrophy (med.)
‫ ﺿﻤﺎر‬ḍimār: ‫( دﻳﻦ ﺿﻤﺎر‬ḍain) bad debt (i.e., a debt deemed uncollectible)
‫ ﺿــﻤﲑ‬ḍamīr pl. ‫ ﺿــﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ḍamā’ir2 heart; mind; innermost; conscience;
(independent or suffixed) personal pronoun (gram.) | ‫ﻧﻴــﺚ اﻟﻀــﻤﲑ‬
‫ ﺣـﻲ اﻟﻀـﻤﲑ‬ḥayy aḍ-ḍ. conscientious,
Confidential
compunctions, contrition, repentance;
scrupulous; ‫ﻣــﺮ ح اﻟﻀــﻤﲑ‬ murtāḥ aḍ-ḍ. of peaceful mind; ‫ﻓﺎﻗــﺪ اﻟﻀــﻤﲑ‬
unscrupulous
‫ ﻣﻀﻤﺎر‬miḍmār pl. ‫ ﻣﻀـﺎﻣﲑ‬maḍāmīr2 race course, race track; arena; field of
activity, field, domain
‫ اﺿـﻤﺎر‬iḍmār concealment (of a thought), mental reservation; ellipsis
(rhet.)
‫ ﺿﺎﻣﺮ‬ḍāmir loan, skinny, thin; slander, slim, svelte
‫ ﻣﻀـﻤﺮ‬muḍmar secret, hidden, covert; (independent or suffixed) personal
pronoun, also ‫ﻣﻀﻤﺮ‬ ‫( اﺳﻢ‬ism; gram.)
‫ ﺿـﻤﻦ‬ḍamina a (‫ ﺿـﻤﺎن‬ḍamān) to be or become responsible or liable, be
guaranty, give security or guaranty, vouch (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), warrant, ensure,
safeguard, guarantee (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to insure (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. against) | ‫ﺿـﻤﻦ‬
‫ ﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ‬to be absolutely certain of s.th. II to have (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) insured (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
against); to insert, include, enclose (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in s.th. else) V to comprise,
include, comprehend, imply, embrace, contain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to be jointly
902
liable, have joint responsibility (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.); to be solidary, be in accord,

stick together
‫ ﺿـﻤﻦ‬ḍimn inside, interior; ḍimna (prep.) in, within, inside of, among;
‫ﺿــﻤﻨﺎ‬ ḍimnan (adv.) inclusively, implicitly, tacitly | ‫ﻣﻔﻬــﻮم ﺿــﻤﻨﺎ‬ tacitly
comprised, implicit; ‫ﻣـﻦ ﺿـﻤﻦ‬ min ḍimni (with foll. genit.) included in,
implied in, belonging to, falling under; ‫ﺿـﻤﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬among them; ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮة وﺿـﻤﻨﺎ‬
(mubāšaratan) directly and indirectly
‫ ﺿﻤﲏ‬ḍimnī included, implied; hidden, implicit, tacit
‫ ﺿـﻤﻦ‬ḍamān responsibility, guaranty, warrant, surety, security, liability,
assurance, saveguard; insurance | ‫ﺿـﻤﺎن ﲨـﺎﻋﻲ‬ (jamā‘ī) collective security;
‫( اﻟﻀـﻤﺎن اﳌﺸـﱰك‬muštarak) do.; ‫ ﳏـﺪود اﻟﻀـﻤﺎن‬of limited liability, Ltd.; ‫ﺷـﺮﻛﺔ‬

‫ اﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬širkat aḍ-ḍ. insurance company
‫ ﺿـﻤﲔ‬ḍamīn pl. ‫ ﺿـﻤﻨﺎء‬ḍumanā’2 responsible, answerable, liable (‫ ب‬for);
warrantor, bail(sman), bondsma, surety, guarantor (‫ ب‬for)
Confidential
‫ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺔ‬ḍamāna guaranty, surety, warrant(y), collateral, security, bail
‫ اﺿﻤﻦ‬aḍman2 offering better guaranty
‫ ﺗﻀـﺎﻣﻦ‬taḍāmun mutuality, reciprocity; joint liability; solidarity | ‫ﺷـﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻀﺎﻣﻦ‬širkat at-t. commercial company of joint liability
‫ ﺿــﺎﻣﻦ‬ḍāmin responsible, answerable, liable; warrantor, bail(sman),
bondsman, surety, guarantor
‫ ﻣﻀـﻤﻮن‬maḍmūn guaranteed, ensured, warranted; insured (object); (pl.
‫ ﻣﻀـﺎﻣﲔ‬maḍāmīn) content, purport, meaning (of a letter, and the like) |
‫ ﻣﻀـﻤﻮن اﻟﻮﺻـﻮل‬registered (letter); ‫( دﻳـﻦ ﻣﻀـﻤﻮن‬dain) bonded, or funded, debt
(fin.)
‫ ﻣﻀﻤﻦ‬muḍamman included, implied
‫ ﺿﻤﻦ‬mutaḍāmin mutual, reciprocal; solidary, united in solidarity
‫ ﺿـﻦ‬ḍanna (1st pers. perf. ḍanintu) a and ḍanna (1st pers. perf. ḍanantu) i
(ḍann) to keep back (‫ ب‬s.th.), be sparing or stingy (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ ب‬toward s.o. with),
withhold (‫ ب ﻋﻠﻰ‬from s.o. s.th.), (be)grudge (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. ‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫ﻣﺎ ﺿـﻦ ﲟﺸـﻘﺔ‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ‬bi-mašaqqatin) to shun no effort for the sake of
903
‫ ﺿﻦ‬ḍann: ‫( ﺿﻨﺎ ب‬ḍannan) in order to spare s.th., in due consideration of

‫ ﺿـﻨﲔ‬ḍanīn niggardly, avaricious, stingy; sparing, thrifty, economical,
scanty, meager, poor, insufficient
‫ ﺿـﻨﻚ‬ḍanuka u (ḍank, ‫ ﺿـﻨﺎﻛﺔ‬ḍanāka) to be straitened, cramped, confined
(circumstances); to be weak, be exhausted
‫ ﺿﻨﻚ‬ḍank poverty, distress, straits | ‫‘( ﻋﻴﺶ ﺿﻨﻚ‬ail) a hard, wretched life
‫ ﻣﻀﺎﻧﻚ‬maḍānik2 straits, hardships
‫ ﻣﻀﻨﻚ‬muḍnik weak, exhausted
‫ ﺿﻨﻮ‬ḍanw, ḍinw children
‫ ﺿـﲎ‬ḍaniya a (ḍanan) to become or be lean, emaciated, gaunt, enervated,
or worn out; to pine away, be consumed (with grief) IV to emaciate,
debilitate, weaken, enervate (. s.o.); to exhaust, wear out (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
undermine, sap (‫ ه‬the health); to consume (‫ ه‬s.o.; of anxiety, and the like)
‫ ﺿــﻦ‬ḍanin, lean, emaciated, gaunt, languished, wasted, worn out,
enervated; exhausted; consumed with grief, careworn
‫ ﺿﲎ‬ḍanan weakness feebleness, debility, exhaustion, emaciation; grief
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻀــﲎ‬muḍnan lean, emaciated, gaunt, languished, wasted, worn out,
enervated; exhausted; pining away, wasting away
‫ ﺿﻬﺪ‬ḍahada a (ḍah) to suppress, oppress, treat unjustly, persecute (‫ ه‬s.o.)
VIII = I
‫ اﺿـﻄﻬﺎد‬iḍṭihād pl. -āt suppression, repression, oppression, maltreatment,
persecution, enslavement
‫ ﻣﻀﻄﻬﺪ‬muṭahid oppressor, tyrant, persecutor
‫ ﺿﻬﺮ‬ḍahr pl. ‫ ﺿﻬﻮر‬ḍuhūr summit, top (of a mountain)
‫ ﺿﻬﻰ‬III to be similar, alike, or corresponding; to resemble (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.),
be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)ﻫـ‬, correspond (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.); to compare ( ,‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with; ‫ وﺑﲔ‬-- ‫ ﺑﲔ‬two things); to imitate (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﺿﻬﻰ‬ḍahān O menopause, climacteric
‫ ﺿﻬﻰ‬ḍaīy similar, (a)like, corresponding, analogous
‫ ﻣﻀــﺎﻫﺎة‬muḍāhāh similarity, resemblance, likeness, correspondence,
analogy; comparison (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with)
‫ ﻣﻀﺎﻩ‬muḍāh similar, (a)like, corresponding, analogous
904
‫ )ﺿـﺎء )ﺿـﻮء‬ḍā’a u (ḍau’) to gleam, beam, radiate, shine II to light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,

a lamp), to illumine, illuminate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a house) IV = I; to shed light, out light (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon, over); to light,
illumine, illuminate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to enlighten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., the mind) V = I; X to be
illumined, be lit, to seek light, to seek (to obtain) enlightenment or insight
(‫ ب‬by, through, in, with), to let o.s. be enlightened or guided (‫ ب‬by)
‫ ﺿﻮء‬ḍau’ pl. ‫ اﺿﻮاء‬light; brightness, glow | ‫ ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ḍ. aš-šams sunlight,
sunshine; ‫اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ ﺿﻮء‬ḍ. al-qamar moonlight; ‫ ﺿـﻮء ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ‬searchlight; ‫ﺿـﻮء اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬
ḍ. an-nahār daylight; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺿـﻮء‬ (with foll. genit.) in the light of, under the
circumstances of, as seen from ...; according to
‫ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ‬ḍau’ī luminary, light- (in compounds) |‫( ﺳﻨﺔ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬sana) light-year
‫ ﺿﻴﺎء‬ḍiyā’ light, brightness, glow
‫ اﺿـﺎءة‬iḍā’a lighting, illumination | ‫( اﻹﺿـﺎءة اﳌﻘﻴـﺪة‬muqayyada) restricted
illumination = dim-out; ‫اﻹﺿﺎءة‬ ‫ ﻣﺼﺒﺎح‬miṣbāḥ al-i. incandescent lamp
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻀﻲء‬muḍī’ shining, luminous, bright
‫ ﺿﺎد‬ḍād name of the letter ‫ض‬
‫ )ﺿـﺎر )ﺿـﻮر‬ḍāra u (ḍaur) to harm, injure, damage, prejudice (‫ ه ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), inflict damage (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬upon); to suffer violent hunger, starve to death V
to writhe with pain; to writhe, wince, be convulsed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with pain. with
hunger)
‫ ﺿﻮر‬ḍaur violent hunger
‫ ﺿﻮﺿﺎء‬ḍauḍā noise, din, uproar
‫ ﺿﻮﺿﻰ‬ḍauḍan noise, din, uproar
‫)ﺿـﺎع )ﺿـﻮع‬ ḍā‘a u (ḍau’) to spread, diffuse, emanate (fragrance); to be
fragrant, exhmale fragrance V = I
‫ ﺿﺎﻣﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺿـﻮى‬ḍawā i to resort, have recourse (‫ اﱃ‬to); -- ḍawiya a to be lean, thin,
spare, slight, scrawny IV ‫اﺿـﻮى‬ to weaken, debilitate (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o. s.th.), to
harm, injure, damage, prejudice (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VII to join, follow (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.),
905
attach o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), to rally, flock (‫ اﱃ‬around, ‫ )ﲢـﺖ ﻟﻮاﺋـﻪ‬around or under
s.o.’s banner)
‫ ﺿﺎو‬ḍāwin thin, lean, spare, slight, scrawny
‫)ﺿـﺎر )ﺿـﲑ‬ ḍāra i (ḍair) to harm, injure, damage, prejudice (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o.,
s.th.), inflict damage (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬upon)
‫ ﺿﲑ‬ḍair harm, damage, injury, prejudice; wrong, iniquity, offense
‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ ﺿﻴﺰى‬qisma ḍīzā unjust division
‫ )ﺿـﺎع )ﺿـﻴﻊ‬ḍā‘a i (ḍai‘, ‫ ﺿـﻴﺎع‬ḍayā‘) to get lost, be lost (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.), to
lose itself, disappear; to perish II and IV to ruin, let perish, thwart, frustrate,
mar, destroy (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to lose. forfeit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be deprived (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of
s.th.); to waste, squander, sped uselessly (‫ ه‬s.th.); to neglect, omit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to miss, let go by (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), let slip (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., an opportunity) | ‫ﺿـﻴﻊ ﺣﻘـﻪ‬
(ḥaqqahū) to forfeit one’s right; ‫اﻟﻠـﱭ‬ ‫ اﻟﺼـﻴﻒ ﺿـﻴﻌﺖ‬aṣ-ṣaifa ḍayya‘ti l-labana
(invar.) approx.: you have let the opportunity go by, you milled your
‫( اﺿـﺎع ﺻـﻮاﺑﻪ‬ṣawābahū) to lose one’s mind; ‫( اﺿـﺎع ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ‬furṣa) to
Confidential
chance;
make s.o. miss an opportunity; ‫( اﺿﺎع اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬waqt) to waste time
‫ ﺿﻴﻊ‬ḍai‘ loss
‫ ﺿـﻴﻌﺔ‬ḍai‘a pl. ‫ ﺿـﻴﺎع‬ḍiyā‘ landed estate, country estate, domain; small
village, hamlet
‫ ﺿـﻴﺎع‬ḍayā‘ loss; ruin, destruction, perdition | ‫ ﺿـﻴﺎع اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‬ḍ. al-waqt loss of
time
‫ﺿﻴﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬ yā ḍī‘āna what a loss!
‫ ﻣﻀﻴﺎع‬miḍyā‘ prodigal, squandering, wasteful; squanderer, wastrel, spend-
thrift
‫ ﺗﻀﻴﻴﻊ‬taḍyī‘ waste, squandering, dissipation; neglect, omission
‫ اﺿـﺎﻋﺔ‬iḍā‘a waste, squandering, dissipation; neglect, omission | ‫اﺿـﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬i. al-waqt waste of time
‫ ﺿـﺎﺋﻊ‬ḍā’i‘ pl. ‫ ﺿـﻴﻊ‬ḍuyya‘, ‫ﺿـﻴﺎع‬ ḍiyā‘ (getting) lost; poor, wretched,
miserable
‫ ﻣﻀﻴﻌﺔ‬maḍī‘a ruin, destruction, perdition, lost; -- muḍī‘a, ‫( ﻣﻀﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺖ‬li-l-
waqt) waste of time, loss of time
‫ ﻣﻀﻴﻊ‬muḍayyi‘ prodigal, squandering, wasteful
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‫)ﺿﺎف )ﺿﻴﻒ‬ ḍāfa i (‫ ﺿـﻴﺎﻓﺔ‬ḍiyāfa) to stop or stay as a guest II to take in as

a guest, receive hospltably, entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II; to add, subjoin, annex,
attach (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); to admix (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); to connect, bring in relation
(‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.th. with); to ascribe, attribute, assign (‫ ﻫـ اﱃ‬s.th. to s.o.) | ‫اﺿﺎف اﲰﺎ اﱃ‬
‫( اﺳـﻢ‬isman) to annex a noun (the first member of a genitive construction) to
another (the second member; gram.); ‫( اﺿـﻒ اﱃ ذﻟـﻚ ان‬aḍif) what’s more ...,
moreover..., furthermore …, VII to be added, be annexed, be subjoined, be
attached (‫ اﱃ‬to) X to invite s.o, (‫ )ه‬to be one’s guest
‫ ﺿﻴﻒ‬ḍaif pl. ‫ ﺿﻴﻮف‬ḍuyūf, ‫ اﺿﻴﺎف‬aḍyāf, ‫ ﺿﻴﻔﺎن‬ḍīfān guest; visitor
‫ﺿـ ــﻴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ḍiyāfa hospltable reception, entertainment as guest,
accommodation; hospltality | ‫ﺿﻴﺎﻓﱵ‬ ‫ اﻧﺖ ﰲ‬you are my guest
‫ ﻣﻀﻴﺎف‬miḍyāf hospltable; hospltable host
‫ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬muḍāfa hostel, guesthouse, inn
‫ ﻣﻀﻴﻔﺔ‬mayafa guest room; guesthouse
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‫ اﺿــﺎﻓﺔ‬iḍāfa addition, apposition; subjunction, annexation, appending,
attachment, augmentation, supplementation; assignment,
ascription, attribution (‫ اﱃ‬to); genitive construction (gram.) |
(ajal) limitation (of a legal transaction; Isl. Law); ‫ﻻﺿـﺎﻓﺔ اﱃ‬

allocation;
‫اﺿـﺎﻓﺔ اﱃ اﺟـﻞ‬
in comparison
with, in relation to; with respect to, regarding ...; with regard to, in
consideration of; in addition to, beside; ‫ﻻﺿــﺎﻓﺔ اﱃ ذﻟــﻚ‬ moreover,
furthermore, besides
‫ اﺿــﺎﰲ‬iḍāfī additional, supplementary, auxiliary, contributory, extra;
secondary, subsidiary, tributary, accessory, incidental, side-, by- (in
compounds); relative (philos.)
‫ اﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬iḍāfīya relativity (philos.)
‫ ﻣﻀﻴﻒ‬muḍīf host
‫ ﻣﻀﻴﻔﺔ‬muḍīfa hostess; air hostess, stewardess
‫ ﻣﻀﺎف‬muḍāf added, subjoined, adjoined, apposed; construct state (gram.)
| ‫اﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ اﳌﻀﺎف‬the second, or governed, noun of a genitive construction (gram.);
‫ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺎ اﱃ ذﻟﻚ‬moreover, furthermore, besides
907
‫ )ﺿـﻴﻖ )ﺿـﺎق‬ḍāqa i (ḍaiq) to be or become narrow, straitened, cramped,

confined; to become too narrow, too confined (‫ ب‬for); to be anguished,
uneasy, depressed, dejected (‫ ب‬because of, by, at, about); to become or be
tired, weary (‫ ب‬of s.o., of s.th.) | ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫( ﺿـﺎﻗﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬arḍu) to be at a loss, be at
one’s wit’s end; ‫( ﺿـﺎق ﺑـﻪ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬ḥayātu) life depressed him, he had a bad
time, he was bad off; ‫( ﺿـﺎﻗﺖ ﺑـﻪ اﻟﺴـﺒﻞ‬subulu) to be at a loss, be at the end of
one’s tether, be at one’s wit’s end; ‫( ﺿـﺎق ﺑـﻪ ذرﻋـﺎ ب‬dar‘an) not to be up to
s.th.. be unable to do or accomplish s.th.; not to be able to stand or bear s.th.,
be fed up with, be tired of, feel uneasy about, be oppressed by; ‫ذرﻋـﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺎق ﻋﻨـﻪ‬
do.; ‫ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬ ‫( ﺿـﺎق‬ṣadruhū) to be annoyed, angry; ‫( ﺿـﺎﻗﺖ ﻳـﺪﻩ ﻋـﻦ‬yaduhū) to be
incapable of; to be too poor to … II to make narrow or narrower, narrow
(down), straiten, cramp, tighten, confine, constrain, restrain, restrict,
contract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pull tight (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a dress); to harass, oppress,
beset, besiege, beleaguer (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.); to keep (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) short (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.) | ‫ﺿﻴﻖ‬
‫ اﳊﺼﺎر‬to tighten the blockade; ‫ ﺿﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to restrain o.s., take restrictions
Confidential
upon o.s. III to vex, annoy, anger (‫ ه‬s.o.); to harass, oppress, beset (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to trouble, bother, inconvenience, disturb, hinder, hamper, impede, affect
gravely (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), bear down heavily (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬upon); to cause trouble (‫ه‬
to s.o.) VI to be or become narrow, to narrow; to become annoyed, become
irritated; to be angry (‫ ﻣﻦ‬at, about)
‫ ﺿــﻴﻖ‬ḍīq narrowness; tightness, closeness; confinement, restriction,
limitation, constraint; shortage, scarcity; oppression, anguish; dejectedness,
depression, distress; lack, want, paucity, poverty; care, worry, anxiety;
anger, annoyance, irritation, exasperation; weariness, ennui | ‫اﻟﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ ﺿـﻴﻖ ذات‬ḍ.
dāt al-yad poverty, destitution; ‫ ﺿـﻴﻖ اﳌﻘـﺎم‬ḍ. al-maqām crampedness lack of
space; ‫ ﺿـﻴﻖ اﻟﻨﻄـﺎق‬do.; small range, limited extent, narrow scope; ‫ ﺿـﻴﻖ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬ḍ.
al-yad poverty, destitution
‫ ﺿـﻴﻖ‬ḍayyiq narrow; tight; cramped; short, scarce; confined, limited,
restricted | ‫ﺿـﻴﻖ اﳋﻠـﻖ‬ ḍ. al-kalq illiberal, ungenerous; impatient, annoyed;
‫ ﺿـﻴﻖ اﻟﺼـﺪر‬ḍ. aṣ-ṣadr vexed, annoyed (‫ ب‬over, at, by), angry (‫ ب‬at, with);
upset, depressed, downcast, dejected; ‫ ﺿـﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ‬ḍ. al-‘aql narrow-minded,
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hidebound, dull-witted; ‫ ﺿـﻴﻖ اﻟﻨﻄـﺎق‬small-range; of narrow scope, limited in

extent; confined, limited, restricted
‫ ﺿﻴﻘﺔ‬ḍaiqa, ḍīqa straitened circumstances, poverty; anguish
‫ اﺿﻴﻖ‬aḍyaq2 narrower, tighter
‫ ﻣﻀـﻴﻖ‬maḍīq pl. ‫ ﻣﻀـﺎﻳﻖ‬maḍāyiq2, ‫ ﻣﻀـﺎﺋﻖ‬strait(s); defile, (mountain) pass;
narrow(s), stricture
‫ ﺗﻀـﻴﻴﻖ‬taḍyīq narrowing, tightening; restriction, limitation; oppression |
‫ ﺗﻀـﻴﻴﻖ اﳊﺼـﺎر‬tightening of the blockade; ‫( ﺗﻀـﻴﻴﻖ اﳋﻨـﺎق‬tightening of the rope
=) strangling, suppression
‫ ﻣﻀـﺎﻳﻘﺔ‬muḍāyaqa pl. -āt affliction, distress, grievance, embarrassment;
obstruction, impediment. disturbance, harassment, molestation; depressing
state; anger, annoyance, vexation, irritation; inconvenience, difficulty,
trouble, nuisance
‫ ﺿـﺎﺋﻘﺔ‬ḍā’iqa pl. ‫ ﺿـﻮاﺋﻖ‬ḍawā’iq2 predicament, straits, difficulty; critical
situation, crisis | ‫ ﺿـﺎﺋﻘﺔ اﻟﻌـﻴﺶ‬ḍ. al-‘aiš straitened circumstances; ‫ﺿـﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
(mālīya) financial straits
‫ ﻣﻀـﺎﻳﻖ‬muḍāyiq troublesome, irksome, wearisome, disturbing, annoying;
Confidential
nuisance (person)
‫ ﻣﺘﻀـﺎﻳﻖ‬mutaḍāyiq annoyed, vexed, irritated, exasperated, hungry; hard
pressed
1‫)ﺿﻴﻢ‬ ‫ )ﺿﺎم‬ḍāma i (ḍaim) to wrong, harm (‫ ه‬s.o.), inflict damage (‫ ه‬upon
s.o.); to treat unjustly (‫ ه‬s.o.) X = I
‫ ﺿـﻴﻢ‬ḍaim pl. ‫ ﺿـﻴﻮم‬ḍuyūm wrong, inequity, injustice; harm, damage,

detriment, injury
‫ ﺿﺎﻣﺔ‬look up alphabetically
909
‫ط‬
‫ ط‬abbreviation of ‫ ﻗﲑاط‬qīrāṭ
‫ ﻃﺎء‬ṭā’ name of the letter ‫ط‬
‫ ﻃﺎﺑﺔ‬ṭāba pl. -āt ball
‫ ﻃـﺎﺑﻮر‬ṭābūr pl. ‫ ﻃـﻮاﺑﲑ‬ṭawābīr2 battalion; (eg.) line, file, single file (of
soldiers, of persons walking one behind the other); queue | ‫اﳋـﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ اﻟﻄـﺎﺑﻮر‬the
fifth column
‫ ﻃﺎﺑﻴـﺔ‬ṭābiya pl. ‫ ﻃـﻮاب‬ṭawābin fortress, fort; round fortress tower; (eg.)
rook, castle (chess)
‫ ﻃﺎﺟﻦ‬ṭājin pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﺟﻦ‬ṭawājin2 frying pan; (eg.) shallow earthen pot
‫ ﻃﺎرة‬,‫ ﻃﺎر‬see ‫ﻃﻮر‬
‫ ﻃﺎرﻣﺔ‬pl. -āt kiosk, booth, cabin, stall
‫ ﻃﺎزة‬ṭāza fresh, tender, new
‫ ﻃﺎزج‬ṭāza fresh, new
Confidential
1‫ ﻃﺎس‬and ‫ ﻃﺎﺳﺔ‬see ‫ﻃﻮس‬
2‫ ﻃﺎؤوس‬ṭā’ūs and ‫ ﻃﺎووس‬ṭāwūs pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاوﻳﺲ‬ṭawāwīs2 peacock
‫ ﻃﺄﻃـﺄ‬ṭa’ṭa’a to incline, bend, tilt, bow (‫ رأﺳـﻪ‬ra’sahū one’s head; also used
without ‫)رأﺳﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻄﺄﻃﺊ‬muṭa’ṭi’ with bowed head
‫ ﻣﻄﺄﻃﺄ‬muṭaṭa’: ‫ ﻣﻄﺄﻃﺄ اﻟﺮأس‬m. ar-ra’s with bowed head
1‫ ﻃﺎق‬ṭāq pl. -āt, ‫ ﻃﻴﻘﺎن‬ṭīqān arch (arch.); (pl. -āt) layer, stratum
2‫ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ṭāqa pl. -āt window
3‫ ﻃﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ṭāqīya pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﻗﻲ‬ṭawāqī white cotton skullcap (often worn under the
tarboosh: in Eg. = ‫ ;)ﻋﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬fatigue cap (of the Eg. Territorial Army)
‫ ﻃﺄﻣﻦ‬see ‫ﻃﻤﺄن‬
‫( ﻃﺎوﻟـﺔ‬It. tavola) ṭāwula table | ‫ ﻟﻌﺒـﺔ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟـﺔ‬la‘bat aṭ-ṭāwila backgammon,
tricktrack; ‫اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﻨﺲ‬table tennis
‫ ﻃـﺐ‬ṭabba u i (ṭabb, ṭibb, tubb) to treat medically (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), give
medical treatment (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to seek to remedy, tackle (‫ ل‬s.th.) II
910
to treat medically (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), give medical treatment (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to
s.th.) V to receive, or undergo, medical treatment, submit to medical
treatment; to practice medicine, engage in the medical field X to seek
medical advice (‫ ه‬from s.o.), consult (‫ ه‬a doctor)
‫ ﻃـﺐ‬ṭibb medical treatment: medicine, medical science | ‫ ﻃـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻨﺎن‬ṭ. al-
asnān dentistry, dental science; ‫( اﻟﻄـﺐ اﻟﺒﻴﻄـﺮي‬baiṭarī) veterinary science;
‫( اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬šar‘ī) forensic medicine; ‫( اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﱐ‬nafsānī) psychiatry; ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫‘ اﻟﻄـﺐ‬ilm aṭ-ṭ. medical science, medicine; ‫ ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﻄـﺐ‬kullīyat aṭ-ṭ. medical
school, medical college, (chiefly G. B.:) faculty of medicine
‫ ﻃـﱯ‬ṭibbī medical, pertaining to the medical profession or science | ‫ﻻﺋـﻖ‬
‫( ﻃﺒﻴﺎ‬ṭibbīya) physically fit (e.g., for military service)
‫ ﻃﺒﺔ‬ṭabba pl. -āt (eg.) cushion, pad; plug, stopper, stopple; bung
‫ ﻃﺒﻴـﺐ‬ṭabib pl. ‫ اﻃﺒـﺔ‬,2‫ اﻃﺒـﺎء‬aṭibba physician, doctor | ‫( ﻃﺒﻴـﺐ ﺑﻴﻄـﺮي‬baiṭarī)
veterinarian; ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫( ﻃﺒﻴﺐ‬kāṣṣ) physician in ordinary, private physician (e.g.,
of a king); ‫ ﻃﺒﻴـﺐ ﺳـﺎﺣﺮ‬medicine man, shaman; ‫ ﻃﺒﻴـﺐ اﻷﺳـﻨﺎن‬dental surgeon,
Confidential
dentist; ‫ﻃﺒﻴــﺐ ﺷــﺮﻋﻲ‬
(jildīya) dermatologist
(šar‘ī) medical examiner (jur.);
‫ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﺔ‬ṭabība female doctor, doctress

‫ ﻃﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬ṭibāba medical treatment; medical profession
‫ﻃﺒﻴــﺐ اﻷﻣـﺮاض اﳉﻠﺪﻳــﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬taṭbīb healing art, medical practice, medical profession

‫ ﻣﺘﻄﺒﺐ‬mutaṭabbib quack, quacksalver
‫ ﻃﺒﺦ‬ṭabaka a (ṭabk) to cook (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VII to be or get cooked
‫ ﻃﺒﺦ‬ṭabk cooking, cookery; cooked food; O celluloid
‫ ﻃﺒﺨﺔ‬ṭabka (n. un.) (article of cooked) food, meal, dish, course
‫ ﻃﺒﺎخ‬ṭabbāk cook
‫ ﻃﺒﻴﺦ‬ṭabīk cooked food, fare
‫ ﻃﺒﺎﺧﺔ‬ṭibāka culinary art, cookery, cuisine
‫ ﻣﻄــﺒﺦ‬maṭbak pl. ‫ ﻣﻄــﺎﺑﺦ‬maṭābik2 kitchen; cookshop, eating house,
luncheonette
‫ ﻣﻄـﺒﺦ‬miṭbak pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﺦ‬maṭābik2 any cooking apparatus (also, e.g., a hot
plate), cooking stove, kitchen range, portable range
911
1‫ ﻃﱪ‬ṭabar hatchet, ax, battle-ax

‫ ﻃﱪدار‬ṭabardār sapper, pioneer (mil.)
2 ‫ ﻃﺎﺑﻮر‬look up alphabetically
3‫ ﻃﱪﻳﺔ‬ṭabarīya2 Tiberias (city in Palestine, on W shore of Sea of Galilee)
‫ ﻃﺒﺸﻮرة‬ṭabšūra (syr.) chalk
‫ ﻃﺒﺎﺷﲑ‬ṭabāšīr2 chalk
‫ ﻃﺒﺎﺷﲑي‬ṭabāšīrī chalky, cretaceous, chalk- (in compounds)
‫ ﻃﺒﻄﺐ‬ṭabṭaba to gurgle, purl (water); to pat, stroke, caress (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ ﻃﺒﻄﺎﺑﺔ‬ṭabṭāba bat, mallet, racket (for ball games)
‫ ﻃﺒﻊ‬ṭaba‘a a (ṭab‘) to provide with an imprint, impress or impression (‫ ﻫـ‬or
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to impress with a stamp, seal or signet (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.), leave or set
one’s stamp, seal, mark, or impress (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.o. on s.th.); to stamp,
imprint, impress (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.th. on); to mint, coin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬money); to print (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
pass. ṭubi‘a to have a natural aptitude or disposition, have a propensity, be
Confidential
disposed by nature (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for) | ‫( ﻃﺒﻌـﻪ ﺑﻄﺎﺑﻌـﻪ‬bi-ṭābi‘ihī) to place, set, or leave
one’s stamp, mark, or impress on s.o. or s.th., impart one’s own character to
s.o. or s.th.; ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻃﺒـﻊ‬ṭubi‘a) to be innate, inherent in s.o., be native, natural
to s.o. II to tame, domesticate, break in, train (‫ ﻫـ‬an animal) V ‫( ﺗﻄﺒﻊ ﺑﻄﺒﺎﻋﻪ‬bi-
ṭibā‘ihī) to take on, assume, or receive s.o.’s peculiar character, bear s.o.’s
stamp or impress VII to be stamped, be printed, be imprinted, be impressed;
to leave an imprint or impression (‫ ﰲ‬on); to be disposed by nature (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for)
‫ ﻃﺒـﻊ‬ṭab‘ printing (of a book), print; (pl. ‫ ﻃﺒـﺎع‬ṭibā‘) impress, impression,
stamp, hallmark, peculiarity, characteristic, nature, character, temper,
(natural) disposition | ‫اﳊﺠـﺮ‬ ‫ ﻃﺒـﻊ‬al-ḥajar lithography; ‫ ﻃﺒـﻊ اﳊـﺮوف‬typography;
‫ﲢــﺖ اﻟﻄﺒــﻊ‬ in (the) press, at press (typ.); ‫ ﻣﺴــﻮدة اﻟﻄﺒــﻊ‬muswaddat and
musawwadat aṭ-ṭ. proof sheet, galley proof (typ.); ‫اﻋـﺎدة اﻟﻄﺒـﻊ‬ i‘ādat aṭ-ṭ.
reprinting reprint; ‫ﻃﺒﻌـﺎ‬ ṭab‘an or ‫ﻟﻄﺒـﻊ‬ by nature, by natural disposition;
naturally! of course! certainly! to be sure! ‫اﻟﻄﺒـﻊ‬ ‫ ﺳـﻴﺊ‬sayyi’ aṭ-ṭ. ill-disposed,
ill-natured, evil by nature; ‫)اﻟﻄﺒﺎع‬ ‫ )ﺷﺎذ اﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬šadd aṭ-ṭ. eccentric, extravagant
‫ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ‬ṭab‘a pl. -āt printing, print; edition, issue, impression
‫ ﻃﺒﺎع‬ṭabbā‘ printer
912
‫ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ṭibā‘a art of printing | ‫ آﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬printing press

‫ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﻲ‬ṭibā‘ī typographic(al)
‫ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ṭabī‘a pl. ‫ ﻃﺒـﺎﺋﻊ‬ṭabā’i‘2 nature; natural disposition, constitution;
peculiarity, individuality, character; regular, normal manner; physics;
natural science | ‫اﳊـﺎل‬ ‫ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬by the very nature of the case, as is (was) only
natural, ipso facto, naturally, as a matter of course; ‫ ﻋـﺎﱂ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬physicist;
natural scientist; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬ilm aṭ-ṭ. physics; natural science; ‫ﻓﻠﺴـﻔﺔ ﻣـﺎ وراء‬
‫( )ﺑﻌﺪ( اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬falsafatu) metaphysics; ‫ ﻓـﻮق اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬supernatural; ‫ ﻃﺒـﺎﺋﻊ اﻷﺷـﻴﺎء‬the
nature of things, state of affairs
‫ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ‬ṭabī‘ī nature’s, of nature, nature- (in compounds), natural; inborn,
innate, inherent, native; normal, ordinary, usual, regular; physical; physicist;
natural scientist; naturalist | ‫ ﻋـﺎﱂ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ‬physicist; natural scientist; ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺎت‬
physics; natural science
‫ ﻣﻄﺒﻊ‬maṭba‘ print shop, printing office, printing house, press
‫ ﻣﻄﺒﻌـﺔ‬maṭba‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻊ‬maṭābi‘2 print shop, printing office, printing
Confidential
house, press | ‫اﳌﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ‬ḥurrīyat al-m. freedom of the press
‫ ﻣﻄﺒﻌـﻲ‬maṭba‘ī printing, printer’s (in compounds), typographic(al) | ‫ﺧﻄـﺄ‬
‫( ﻣﻄﺒﻌﻲ‬kaṭa’) and ‫( ﻏﻠﻄﺔ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬galṭa) typographical error, misprint, erratum
‫( ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺠﻲ‬eg.) majba‘gī printer
‫ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬miṭba‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬maṭābi‘2 printing machine, printing press
‫ ﻃـﺎﺑﻊ‬ṭābi‘ printer; -- ṭāba‘ impress, stamp, mark, character; (pl. ‫ﻃﻮاﺑـﻊ‬
ṭawābi‘2) seal, signet; stamp; imprint, print, impress, impression; (postage,
etc.) stamp; tablet, pill | ‫ﻃـﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻃـﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺮﻳـﺪي‬postage stamp; ‫ﻃـﺎﺑﻊ‬
and
‫( ﺗﺬﻛﺎري‬tadkārī) commemorative stamp; ‫ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬fingerprint; ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬
keeper of the seal; ‫ ﻃﺒﻌـﻪ ﺑﻄﺎﺑﻌـﻪ‬to place, set, or leave, one’s stamp, mark, or
impress on s.o. or s.th., impart one’s own character to s.o. or s.th.
‫ ﻣﻄﺒـﻮع‬maṭbū‘ printed, imprinted; stereotyped; pl. -āt printed material,
prints; printed matter | ‫ ﻣﻄﺒـﻮع ﺑﻄﺎﺑﻌـﻪ‬bearing the stamp, mark or impress of
s.o. or s.th., being characterized by; ‫ ﻣﻄﺒـﻮع ﻋﻠـﻰ‬do., being by its very nature
..., having the innate property of...; ‫( ﻣﻄﺒـﻮع دوري‬daurī) a periodical; ‫ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫ اﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت‬press law
913
1‫ ﻃﺒـﻖ‬II to cover, cover up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make coincident or congruent,
cause to coincide, superpose (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬two figures; geom.); to fold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also,

e.g., the hands); (eg.) to shoe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a hors.); to apply (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to); to be
common, universal, widespread; to spread (also ‫ ﻫ ـ‬throughout s.th.), pervade
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); pass. ṭubbiga to be applied, apply, be applicable be effective be
valid | ‫( ﻃﺒﻘـﺖ ﺷـﻬﺮﺗﻪ ﺗﻶﻓـﺎق‬šuhratuhū) he (it) enjoyed, or achieved, world-
wide fame; ‫( ﻃﺒـﻖ ﺻـﻴﺘﻪ اﳋـﺎﻓﻘﲔ‬ṣītuhū, kāfiqain) do., his (its) fame spread
throughout the world III to bring to coincidence, make coincident or
congruent, cause to coincide (‫وﺑـﲔ‬ -- ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ s.th. with), correlate, compare,
contrast (‫وﺑـﲔ‬ -- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬s.th. with); to adapt, adjust, tally, trim into shape (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to suit, fit, match (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), go, tally (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), adapt o.s.,
adjust o.s. (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to correspond (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), concur, agree,
conform, be in keeping (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o., with s.th.), fit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into s.th.) IV to
close, shut (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., the eyes, mouth, etc.); to cover, cover up (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
s.th., also ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with one’s hand ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to surround, encircle, encompass
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to be agreed, agree, come to an agreement (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on, about) |

‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻳـﺪي‬yadī) he pressed my hand V to get or be covered or closed VII =
‫اﻃﺒـﻖ‬
V; to be applicable, apply (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), fit, suit (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.), hold good (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
for), be true (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of); to be in conformity, be consistent, be compatible, be

in keeping, conform, agree (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with), correspond (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.th.)
‫ ﻃﺒـﻖ‬ṭibqa (prep.) according to, corresponding to, in accordance with, in
conformity with | ‫( ﻃﺒﻘـﺎ ﻟ ـ‬ṭibqan) do.; ‫( ﺻـﻮرة ﻃﺒـﻖ اﻷﺻـﻞ‬ṣūra, aṣl) true copy;
exact replica
‫ ﻃﺒـﻖ‬ṭabaq pl. ‫ اﻃﺒـﺎق‬aṭbāq lid, cover, plate; dish, shallow bowl; (round)
tray, salver; ash tray; (pl. ‫اﻃﺒـﺎق‬, also ‫ ﻃﺒـﺎق‬ṭibāq) layer, tier; stratum (of the
air); pl. ‫( ﻃﺒﺎق‬with foll. genit.) superposed masses, layered formations, piles,
large quantities of ... | ‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮة‬ ‫ اﻃﺒﺎق‬flying saucers
‫ ﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬yad ṭabiqa closed hand
914
‫ ﻃﺒﻘـﺔ‬ṭabaqa pl. -āt layer; stratum (of earth, air, society, etc.); floor, story
(of a building); class, category; generation | O ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘـﺔ اﻟﻄﺨﺮورﻳـﺔ‬ (ṭukrūrīya)
stratosphere; ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘـﺎت اﻟﻨﺠﺴـﺔ‬ (najisa) the impure castes, the pariahs; ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘـﺔ‬
‫اﳌﺘﻮﺳـﻄﺔ‬ (mutawassiṭa) the middle class(es); ‫ ﺣـﺮب اﻟﻄﺒﻘـﺎت‬ḥarb aṭ-ṭ. class
struggle; ‫ﻋﻠــﻢ ﻃﺒﻘــﺎت اﻷرض‬ ‘ilm ṭ. al-arḍ geology; ‫ﻣﻌــﺪود ﰲ اﻟﻄﺒﻘــﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜــﺔ‬
regarded as third-rate
‫ ﻃــﺎﺑﻖ‬ṭābaq, ṭābiq pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﺑــﻖ‬ṭawābiq2 large bricks; floor, story (of a
building) | ‫اﻷرﺿﻲ‬ ‫( اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬arḍī) ground floor
‫ ﻃﺎ ق‬ṭābāq pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﺑﻴﻖ‬ṭawābīq2 large bricks
‫ ﻃﺒـﺎق‬ṭibāq (with foll. genit. or suffix) that which is in agreement, in
keeping, or in conformity with ..., corresponding, analogous (to s.th.), in
accordance (with), conformable (to), consistent (with), compatible (with);
antithesis, juxtaposition of contrasting ideas (rhet.)
‫ ﻃﺒﻴـﻖ‬ṭabīq (with foll. genit. or suffix) sth. in agreement, in keeping, or in
conformity with ..., corresponding, analogous (to s.th.), in accordance
(with), consistent (with), compatible (with)
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬taṭbīq adaptation, accommodation, adjustment; application
‫ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ‬taṭbīqī applied; practical, serving practical ends | ‫ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬applied
sciences
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬muṭābaqa agreement, conformity, congruity, correspondence
‫ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬taṭābuq congruence (geom.)
‫ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ‬muṭābiq corresponding, congruous, conformable, in agreement or
conformity (with) | ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ‬true, truthful, veracious, agreeing with the
facts, true to nature, lifelike
‫ ﻣﻄﺒـﻖ‬muṭbiq entire, complete, utter, absolute, total; -- mutbaq pressed;
coated, incrusted (‫ﻟــﺬﻫﺐ‬ with gold); subterranean dungeon, oubliette,
underground chamber | ‫اﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫( اﳊﺮوف‬muṭbaqa) (phon.) the sounds ṣ, ḍ, ṭ, ẓ
2‫ ﻃﺒﺎق‬ṭabāq, ṭubāq (eg.) tobacco
‫ ﻃﺒـﻞ‬ṭabala u (ṭabl) to beat a drum; to drum II = I; to beat the drum (‫ ل‬for

s.o., i.e., to campaign, make propaganda for s.o.)
‫ ﻃﺒـﻞ‬ṭabl drumming, drumbeat; (pl. ‫ ﻃﺒـﻮل‬ṭubūl, ‫ اﻃﺒـﺎل‬aṭbāl) drum; bass
drum (of the Western orchestra)
‫ ﻃﺒﻠﺔ‬ṭabla drum | ‫ ﻃﺒﻠﺔ اﻷذن‬ṭ. al-udun eardrum, tympanic membrane
915
‫ ﻃﺒﻠﺔ‬ṭabla pl. -āt, ‫ ﻃﺒﻞ‬ṭubal (eg.) look, padlock

‫ ﻃﺒﻠﻲ‬ṭablī drum-shaped
‫ ﻃﺒﺎل‬ṭabbāl pl. -ūn, drummer
‫ ﻣﻄﺒﻞ‬muṭabbal moist, damp (ground)
2 ‫ ﻃﺒﻠﺔ‬ṭabla pl. -āt table
‫ ﻃﺒﻠﺔ‬ṭablīya pl. -āt, ‫ ﻃﺒﺎﱄ‬ṭabālī a low, round table; turntable; tray, wooden
salver
1 ‫ ﻃﱭ‬ṭabina a to be bright, intelligent
‫ ﻃﱭ‬ṭabin bright, intelligent
2‫ ﻃﺎﺑﻮﻧـﺔ‬ṭābūna (‫ ﻃﺒﻮﻧـﺔ‬ṭābūna) pl. -āt a small, jar-shaped oven, sunk in the
ground, open on top, used for baking bread; bakery; (pal., eg.) (baker’s)
oven
3‫ ﻃﱭ‬ṭabbān pl. -āt (wheel) tire
‫ ﻃﺒﻨﺠﺔ‬ṭabanja pl. -āt pistol
‫ ﻃﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ṭābiya pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاب‬look up alphabetically
Confidential
‫ ﻃﺎﺟﻦ‬ṭājin pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﺟﻦ‬ṭawājin2 frying pan; (eg.) shallow earthen pot
‫ ﻃﺤﻄﺢ‬ṭaḥṭaḥā to break, shatter, smash (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫( ﻃﺤﻞ‬ṭuḥl) sediment, dregs, less
‫( ﻃﺤﺎل‬ṭiḥāl pl. -āt, ‫ ﻃﺤﻞ‬ṭuḥul spleen, milt
‫ ﻃﺤﺎﱄ‬ṭiḥālī splenic
‫ ﻃﺤﺎل‬ṭuḥal inflammation of the spleen, splenitis
‫ ﻣﻄﺤﻮل‬maṭḥūl having a diseased spleen, splenetic
‫ ﻃﺤﻠﺐ‬ṭuḥlub (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻃﺤﺎﻟﺐ‬ṭaḥālib2 water moss
‫ ﻃﺤﻦ‬ṭaḥana a (ṭaḥn) to grind, mill, bray, pulverize (‫ﻫ ـ‬, s.th., esp. grain); to
crush, ruin, destroy (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to wear out, wear down (‫ ه‬s.o.), exact
as heavy toll (‫ ه‬of s.o.; age, yean) VI to quarrel, wrangle, be antagonistic,
be in conflict (with one another), to conflict
‫ ﻃﺤﻦ‬ṭiḥn flour, meal
‫ ﻃﺤﲔ‬ṭaḥīn flour, meal
‫ ﻃﺤﻴﲏ‬ṭaḥīnī mealy, farinaceous
‫ ﻃﺤﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ṭaḥīnīya (eg.) a sweet made of sesame-seed, meal and sugar
916
‫ ﻃﺤﻴﻨـﺔ‬ṭaḥīna (eg., syr.) a thick sauce made of sesame oil, and served with
salads, vegetables, etc.
‫ ﻃﺤﺎن‬ṭaḥḥān miller
‫ ﻃـﺎﺣﻮن‬ṭāḥūn and ‫ ﻃﺎﺣﻮﻧـﺔ‬ṭāhūna pl. ‫ ﻃـﻮاﺣﻦ‬ṭawāḥīn2 mill, grinder | ‫ﻃﺎﺣﻮﻧـﺔ‬
‫ اﳍﻮاء‬ṭ. al-hawā’ windmill
‫ ﻣﻄﺤﻨﺔ‬miṭḥana pl. ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺣﻦ‬maṭāḥin2 mill, grinder
‫ ﻣﻄﺤﻨﺔ‬maṭḥana pl. ‫ ﻣﻄﺤﻨﺔ‬maṭḥana2 mill; flour mill
‫ ﻃﺎﺣﻦ‬ṭāḥin molar tooth, grinder
‫ ﻃﺎﺣﻨﺔ‬ṭāḥina pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﺣﻦ‬ṭawāḥin2 molar tooth, grinder
O ‫اﻟﻄﺤﺮورﻳﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬aṭ-ṭabaqa aṭ-ṭukrūrīya the stratosphere
‫ ﻃـﺮ‬ṭarra u (ṭarr, ‫ ﻃـﺮور‬ṭurūr) to sharpen, hone, whet (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to grow; to
sprout, come out (mustache, hair)
‫ ﻃﺮا‬ṭurran altogether, all without exception, one and all
‫ ﻃﺮة‬ṭurra pl. ‫ ﻃﺮر‬ṭurar forelock; knotted cloth or kerchief
‫ ﻃﺮار‬ṭarrār pl. ‫ ﻃﺮارة‬ṭarrara (magr.) tambourine player; rogue, scoundrel
Confidential
‫ ﻃـﺮأ‬ṭara’a a (ṭar’, ‫ ﻃـﺮوء‬ṭurū’) to descend, break in, come (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon),
overtake, befall (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), happen unexpectedly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); to occur (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
or‫ ل‬to s.o., of an idea) | ‫ ﻣـﺎذا ﻃـﺮأ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬what’s got into him all of a sudden?
what’s the matter with him all of a sudden? ‫( ﻃـﺮأت ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻓﻜـﺮة‬fikratun) an idea
occurred to him, he had an idea; ‫ﱂ ﻳﻄـﺮأ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﳊﺎﻟــﺔ ﺗﺒــﺪل ﻳــﺬﻛﺮ‬ (tabaddulun
yudkaru) (no change worth mentioning came over the situation, i.e.) the
situation remained substantially unchanged IV to praiae, laud, extol (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻃﺮيء‬ṭarī’ fresh, new
‫ ﻃـﺎرئ‬ṭāri’ foreign, extraneous, extrinsic, unusual; accidental, incidental,
casual, unforeseen, unexpected, contingent; a new factor or development
intervening suddenly, a contingent; unexpected visitor; sudden stirring,
sudden impulses (‫ ﻣﻦ‬e.g., of joy)
‫ ﻃﺎرﺋــﺔ‬ṭāri’a pl. ‫ ﻃـﻮارئ‬ṭawāri’ unforeseen event, unexpected case, a
contingent; new factor or development; incident, accident | ‫اﻟﻄـﻮارئ‬ ‫ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬state
of emergency
‫ ﻃﺮآﱐ‬ṭur’ānī of unknown origin, wild
917
‫ ﻃـﺮاﺑﻠﺲ‬ṭarābulus2: ‫ ﻃـﺮاﺑﻠﺲ اﻟﺸـﺎم‬Tripoli (in Lebanon); ‫ ﻃـﺮاﺑﻠﺲ اﻟﻐـﺮب‬ṭ. al-

garb Tripoli (in Libya)
‫ ﻃـﺮب‬ṭriba a (ṭarab) to be moved (with joy or grief); to be delighted, be
overjoyed, be transported with joy II to delight, fill with delight, enrapture,
please, gratify (‫ ه‬s.o.); to sing, vocalize, chant IV to delight, fill with
delight, enrapture, please, gratify (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make music; to sing, vocalize,
chant: to play music (‫ ه‬for s.o.), sing (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ ﻃـﺮب‬ṭarab pl. ‫ اﻃـﺮاب‬aṭrāb joy, pleasure, delight, rapture; amusement,
entertainment (with music and the like); music | ‫ آﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﺮب‬musical instrument
‫ ﻃـﺮب‬ṭarib pl. ‫ ﻃـﺮاب‬ṭarib moved (with joy or grief), touched, affected;
delighted, enraptured, transported, pleased, charmed
‫ ﻃﺮوب‬ṭarūb gay, merry, lively
‫ اﻃــﺮب‬aṭrab2 more delightful; making better music, being a batter
musician; more melodious
‫ اﻃﺮاب‬iṭrāb delight, delectation, diversion
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻄــﺮب‬muṭrib delightful, ravishing, charming, amusing, entertaining;
melodious; musician; singer, vocalist, chansonnier
‫ ﻣﻄﺮﺑﺔ‬muṭriba singer, songstress, vocalist, chanteuse
‫ ﻃﺮﺑﻴﺰة‬ṭarābēza (eg.) table
‫ ﻃﺮاﺑﻠﺲ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻃﺮﺑﻮش‬ṭarbūš pl. ‫ ﻃﺮاﺑﻴﺶ‬ṭarābīš tarboosh, fez
‫ ﻃﺮاﺑﻴﺸﻲ‬ṭarābīšī tarboooh merchant
‫ ﻣﻄﺮﺑﺶ‬muṭarbaš wearing a tarboosh, tarbooshed
‫ ﻣﺘﻄـﺮﺑﺶ‬mitaṭarbiš wearing a tarboosh, tarbooshed; hence, in Eg., a
member of the white-collar class, of the educated middle class
‫ ﻃـﺮح‬ṭaraḥa a (ṭarḥ) to throw, cast, fling, toss (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. onto or
upon); to throw, toss, or fling away, throw off, discard, dump (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);
to remove, drive away, expel, reject, disown, repudiate (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o.,
s.th.): to throw or put (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a garment on or over s.o.); to present, submit
(‫ ه ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to s.o.); to teach (‫ ه ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a tune to s.o.); to cede, surrender, yield
(‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬s.th. to s.o.); to miscarry, have a miscarriage; to deduct, subtract,
918
discount (‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. from) | ‫( ﻃﺮﺣﻪ ﰲ اﳌﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬munāqaṣa, ‘āmma) to invite

tenders, or bide, publicly for s.th. (e.g., the government for some project);
‫( ﻃـﺮح ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺳـﺆاﻻ‬suālan) to put a question to s.o.; ‫ﻃـﺮح ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﺴـﺎط اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬
(mas’alatan, b. il-baḥt) to broach or raise a question, present a problem for
consideration II to cause a miscarriage (‫ ﻫــﺎ‬to a woman); ‫ﻃــﺮح ﻫ ـ اﻃﺮاﺣــﺎ‬
(iṭṭirāḥan) to throw s.th. far away, fling s.th. off or away III to exchange ( ‫ه‬
‫ ﻫـ‬with s.o. s.th.) | ‫( ﻃﺎرﺣﻪ اﻟﻜﻼم‬kalām) to converse with s.o., have a talk with
s.o.; ‫ ﻃﺎرﺣـﻪ اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬to chat with s.o., have a conversation with s.o.; ‫ﻃﺎرﺣـﻪ‬
‫( اﻷﺳـﺌﻠﺔ‬as’ila) to exchange questions with s.o. V to drop, fall, or tumble to
the ground VI to exchange with one another (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., thoughts) VII to be
flung, be tossed, be thrown, be rejected, be expelled, be disowned, be
repudiated; to throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s. (e.g., ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻷرض‬ on the
ground); to be thrown down, be dropped VIII to throw far away, fling off or
away (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to discard, throw away (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻃــﺮح‬ṭarḥ expulsion, rejection, repulsion, banishment, repudiation;
Confidential
miscarriage, abortion; subtraction, deduction, discount | ‫اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬
(eg.) alleviation, alluvial deposits
‫ ﻃﺮح‬ṭarḥ miscarried foetus
‫ ﻃـﺮح‬ṭ. al-baḥr
‫ ﻃﺮﺣـﺔ‬ṭarḥa pl. ‫ ﻃـﺮح‬ṭuraḥ veil (sometimes embroidered) worn by Arab

women as a headcloth; headcloth, head veil
‫ ﻃﺮﻳﺢ‬ṭarīḥ pl. ‫ ﻃﺮﺣﻰ‬ṭarḥā thrown down, cast down, dumped; thrown to the
ground, felled, prostrate; expelled, banished, rejected, disowned, repudiated
| ‫اﻟﻔﺮاش‬
‫ ﻃﺮﻳﺢ‬bedridden, confined to bed
‫ ﻃﺮﳛﺔ‬ṭarīḥa assignment, task | ‫( ﺷﻐﻞ ﻟﻄﺮﳛﺔ‬šugl) job work, piecework (eg.)
‫ ﻃﺮاﺣﺔ‬ṭarrāḥa pl. ‫ ﻃﺮارﻳﺢ‬ṭarārīḥ2 mattress; hassock, ottoman
‫ اﻃﺮوﺣﺔ‬uṭrūḥa dissertation, thesis (Syr.)
‫ ﻣﻄـﺮح‬maṭraḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎرح‬maṭāriḥ2 place where s.th. is thrown or at which
s.th. is discarded, a dump; place, spot, location, locality; seat (in an
auditorium)
‫ اﻃﺮاح‬iṭrāḥ rejection, repudiation
919
‫ ﻣﻄـﺮوح‬maṭrūḥ thrown down, out down, damped, thrown off, discarded;

lying on the ground, prostrate; subtrahend (math.) | ‫اﳌﻄـﺮوح ﻣﻨـﻪ‬ minuend
(math.)
‫ ﻣﻨﻄـﺮح‬munṭariḥ thrown down, out down, dumped, thrown off, discarded;
expelled, banished, rejected, disowned, repudiated
‫ ﻃﺮﺧﻮن‬ṭarkūn tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus; bot.)
‫ ﻃـﺮد‬ṭarada u (ṭard) to drive away, chase away, push away, shove away,
reject, repel, banish, exile, dismiss, drive out, expel, evict (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ ﻣﻦ‬s.o., s.th.
from); to chase, hunt, hound (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.) | ‫( ﻃـﺮدﻩ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻨﺼـﺒﻪ‬manṣibihī) to
relieve s.o. of his office, dismiss s.o. II = I; III to assault, attack (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.),
launch an attack (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to stalk (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal, game); to pursue, follow
(‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.), run after s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)ﻫ ـ‬, give chase (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to) VIII to
drive away as booty (‫ ﻫ ـ‬animals); to be consecutive, be continuous, form an

uninterrupted sequence, succeed one another continuously; to sow
uninterruptedly, carry water perennially (river); to progress or get on at a
Confidential
rapid pace, make good headway (undertaking) X to proceed (in one’s
speech), go on to say, continue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., one’s speech); to change, pass
on (in speech) (‫ل‬ – ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ from -- to); to digress (in speaking), make an
excursus | ‫( اﺳـﺘﻄﺮد ﻣـﻦ ذﻟـﻚ اﱃ ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ‬qaulihī) thereupon he proceeded to speak

about ..., then he broached the subject of ..., after that he went on to say that
...
‫ ﻃـﺮد‬ṭard driving away, chasing away, repulsion, expulsion, eviction,
dismissal, banishment, expatriation; pursuit, chase, hunt; swarm (of bees);
(pl. ‫ ﻃـﺮد‬ṭurūd) parcel, package | ‫وﻋﻜﺴـﺎ‬ ‫( ﲝـﺚ ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ ﻃـﺮدا‬mas’alata ṭardan wa-
‘aksan) to study a problem from all sides, in all its aspects
‫ ﻃﺮد‬ṭardī parcel-, package- (in compounds), like a parcel or package
‫ ﻃـﺮدة‬ṭarda (n. vic.) a driving away, chasing away, repulsion, expulsion,
eviction, banishment
‫ ﻃﺮﻳـﺪ‬ṭarīd expelled, evicted, ousted, outcast, outlawed, banished, exiled,
expatriate(d); fugitive, fleeing, on the run; expellee; outcast, outlaw;
‫ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﺪان‬aṭ-ṭarīdān night and day
‫ ﻃﺮﻳﺪة‬ṭarīda pl. ‫ ﻃﺮاﺋﺪ‬ṭarā’id2 game animal, game beast; game
‫ ﻃـﺮاد‬ṭarrād cruiser (warship); (eg.) dike, embankment, dam, levee (esp. of
the Nile)
920
‫ ﻃﺮادة‬ṭarrāda cruiser (warship)

‫ ﻃﺮاد‬ṯirād pursuit, chase
‫ ﻣﻄـﺎرد‬muṭārada repulsion, expulsion, banishment; pursuit, chase; hunt |
‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺮة اﳌﻄﺎردة‬fighter plane, pursuit plane, interceptor
‫ اﻃﺮاد‬iṭṭirād uninterrupted or regular sequence, continuity
‫ اﺳﺘﻄﺮاد‬istiṭrād pl. -āt digression, divagation; excursus
‫ ﻣﻄـﺎرد‬muṭārid pursuer; hunter | ‫ ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة ﻣﻄـﺎردة‬fighter plane, pursuit plane,
interceptor
‫ ﻣﻄـﺮد‬muṭṭarid incessant, uninterrupted, continuous, continual, unvarying,
steady, constant; general | ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪة ﻣﻄـﺮدة‬general rule; ‫ ﻣﻄـﺮد اﻟﻨﺴـﻖ‬m. an-nasaq
uniform (adj.); ‫اﻟﻨﻐﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣﻄﺮد‬m. an-nagm monotonous (song)
‫ ﻃـﺮز‬II to embroider (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to embellish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a story); to garnish (‫ﻫ ـ ب‬
s.th., e.g., a dish with)
‫ ﻃﺮز‬ṭarz pl. ‫ ﻃﺮوز‬ṭurūz type, model, make, brand, sort, kind; fashion, style
‫ ﻃﺮزي‬ṭarzī fashion- (in compounds)
Confidential
‫ ﻃـﺮاز‬ṭirāz pl. ‫ ﻃـﺮز‬ṭuruz, ‫ اﻃـﺮزة‬aṭriza type, model, class, make, brand, sort,
kind, variety, species; fashion, style; architectural style; embroidery |
‫ اﻟﻄﺮاز اﻟﻘﺪﱘ‬old-fashioned, outmoded; ‫ ﻗﺪﱘ اﻟﻄﺮاز‬do.; ‫ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻗﺪم اﻟﻄﺮاز‬musallaḥ

‫ﻣـﻦ‬
bi-aḥdat ṭ. equipped with the latest arms; ‫( ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻄـﺮاز اﻷول‬awwal) first-class,
first-rate
‫ ﺗﻄﺮﻳﺰ‬taṭrīz embroidering, embroidery
‫ ﻃﺮس‬ṭirs pl. ‫ اﻃﺮس‬aṭrās, ‫ ﻃﺮوس‬ṭurūs sheet (of paper); paper
‫ ﻃـﺮش‬ṭariša a (ṭaraš) to be or become deaf; -- ṭaraša u to vomit, throw up,
disgorge II to deafen (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻃﺮش‬ṭarš whitewashing
‫ ﻃﺮش‬ṭarš pl. ‫ ﻃﺮوش‬ṭurūš (syr.) hard (of cattle), flock (of sheep)
‫ ﻃﺮش‬ṭaraš deafness
‫ ﻃﺮﺷﺔ‬ṭrša deafness
‫ اﻃﺮش‬aṭraiš2, f. ‫ ﻃﺮﺷـﺎء‬ṭaršā’2, pl. ‫ ﻃـﺮش‬ṭurš deaf ‫( اﻃـﺮش اﺳـﻚ‬ašakk2) stone-
deaf
‫ ﻣﻄﺮش‬muṭarriš vomitive; emetic
921
2‫ ﻃﺮﺷﻲ‬ṭuršī mixed pickles

‫ ﻃﺮﻃﺮ‬ṭarṭara to brag, boast, swagger, show off
‫ ﻃﺮﻃﻮر‬ṭurṭūr pl. ‫ ﻃﺮاﻃﲑ‬ṭarāṭīr2 high,
conical cap (of dervisheo, clowns, etc.)
‫ ﻃﺮﻃـﻮر‬ṭarṯūr and ‫ ﻃﺮاﻃـﻮر‬ṭarāṭūr (eg., syr.) a sort of mayonnaise (made of
ṭaḥīna, parsley, lemon, oil, milk, garlic and nuts)
‫ ﻃـﺮﻃﺶ‬ṭarṯaša to splash, bespatter, splatter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to roughcast (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
building, a wall)
‫ ﻃﺮﻃﻮﻓـﺔ‬ṭarṭūfa end, tip, point; Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus
L.; bot.); truffle
‫ ﻃﺮﻃﲑ‬ṭarṭīr tartar, wine stone
‫ ﻃـﺮف‬ṭarafa, (ṭarf) to blink, twinkle, wink, squint (also ‫ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬bi-‘ainaihi); --
ṭarufa u (‫ ﻃﺮﻓـﺔ‬ṭarāfa) to be newly acquired, be a recent acquisition IV to
feature or tell s.th. new or novel, say s.th. new or original, introduce a novel
angle or idea; to present (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ب‬with s.th. new or novel), give (‫ ه‬to s.o. ‫ب‬
s.th. new or novel) V to be on the extreme side, hold an extreme viewpoint
Confidential
or position, go to extremes, be radical, have radical views
‫ ﻃـﺮف‬ṭarf eye; glance, look | ‫( ﻣـﺎ اﺷـﺎر ﺑﻄـﺮف‬ašāra) he didn’t bat an eye; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫( ﻃﺮف ﺧﻔﻲ‬kafīy) secretly, furtively, discreetly; ‫ ﻛﺎرﺗﺪاد اﻟﻄﺮف‬ka-rtidādi ṭ-ṭ. in
the twinkling of an eye, instantly
‫ ﻃﺮف‬ṭaraf pl. ‫ اﻃـﺮاف‬aṭrāf utmost part, outermost point, extremity, end, tip,
point, edge, fringe, limit, border; side; region, area, section; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻃﺮف‬part of,
a bit of, some; party (as, to a dispute, of a contract, etc.); ṭarafa (prep.) with,
at, on the part or side of; pl. ‫ اﻃـﺮاف‬limbs, extremities; (with foll. genit.)
sections of, parts of | ‫ ﻃـﺮﰲ اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬tarafayi n-nahār in the morning and in the
evening, mornings and evenings; ‫( ﻛـﺎﻧﻮا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻃـﺮﰲ اﻟﻨﻘـﻴﺾ‬ṭarafai naqīḍ) they
were at variance, they carried on a feud; ‫ﻧﻘﻴﺾ‬ ‫( ﻛﺎن وا ﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﰲ‬wa-iyyāhu)
they held diametrically opposed views or positions; ‫ اﻃـﺮاف اﻟﺒـﺪن‬a. al-badan
the extremities of the bod, the limbs; ‫ اﻃـﺮاف اﻷﺻـﺎﺑﻊ‬fingertips; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻃـﺮاف‬
‫( ﻗﺪﻣﻴـﻪ‬a. qadamaihi) on tiptoe; ‫ اﻃـﺮاف اﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬a. al-madīna the outskirts of the
city;‫( اﻷﻃـﺮاف اﳌﺘﻌﺎﻗـﺪة‬muta‘āqida) the contracting parties; ‫ ﺑﻄـﺮف‬with, at, on
the part or side of; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻃـﺮف‬on the part of; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻃـﺮف اﱃ ﻃـﺮف‬from one end to
922
the other; ‫اﻟﻴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ اﺣﺰاب ﻃﺮف‬the right-wing parties; ‫ ﺟـﺎذي اﻃـﺮاف اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬jādaba
aṭrāfa l-ḥ. to talk, converse, have a conversation; ‫ﲨــﻊ اﻟﱪاﻋــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﻃﺮاﻓﻬــﺎ‬
(barā‘ata) to be a highly efficient man, be highly qualified; ‫ﲨـﻊ اﻃـﺮاف اﻟﺸـﻲء‬
to give a survey or outline of s.th., summarize, sum up s.th.; ‫ﻗـﺺ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻃﺮﻓـﺎ‬
‫ )اﻃﺮاﻓﺎ( ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬to tell s.o. an episode (episodes) of one’s life
‫ ﻃﺮﻓـﺔ‬ṭarfa: ‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻓـﺔ ﻋـﲔ‬bi-ṭ. ‘ainin and ‫ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻓـﺔ ﻋـﲔ‬in the twinkling of an eye,
instantly; ‫ ﻃﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﲔ‬-- ‫( ﻣﺎ‬ṭarfata) not one moment
‫ ﻃﺮﻓﺔ‬ṭurfa pl. ‫ ﻃﺮف‬ṭuraf novelty, rarity, curiosity, curio, rare object, choice
item; exquisite present; masterpiece, chef-d’oeuvre; hit, high light, pièce de
résistance
‫ ﻃﺮﻓﺎء‬ṭarfā’2 (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tamarisk (bot.)
‫ ﻃﺮﻳــﻒ‬ṭarīf curious, strange, odd; novel, exquisite, singular, rare,
uncommon
‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬ṭarīfa pl. ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻔـﺔ‬tarīfa rare, exquisite thing; uncommon object or piece
(e.g., of art); pl. ‫ ﻃﺮاﺋﻒ‬curiosities, oddities, uncommon qualities
Confidential
‫ ﻃﺮاﻓـﺔ‬ṭarāfa novelty, uncommonness, peculiarity, oddness, strangeness,
curiosity, originality
‫ ﻣﻄﺮف‬miṭraf, muṭraf shawl
‫ ﺗﻄــﺮف‬taṭarruf excess, excessiveness, immoderation, extravagance,
extremism, extreme standpoint or position, radical attitude, radicalism
‫ ﻃﺎرف‬ṭārif newly acquired
‫ ﻣﺘﻄــﺮف‬mutaṭarrif utmost, outmost, farthest outward, located at the
outermost point; extreme, extremistic; radical; an extremist, a radical | ‫ﺟﻬـﺔ‬
‫( ﻣﺘﻄﺮﻓﺔ‬jiha) outlying district, outskirt(s)
‫ ﻃـﺮق‬taraqa u (ṭarq) to knock, rap, bang (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at, on, esp. at a door); to
hammer, strike with a hammer, forge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. esp. metal); to come over s.o.
(‫)ﻫ ـ‬, befall (‫ ب‬s.o.; of a feeling); to come (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ ه‬to, upon; also of events); to
reach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), get to s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, get as far as s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to come by night | ‫ﻃـﺮق‬
‫( اذﻧـﻪ‬udunahū) to strike s.o.’s ear, reach s.o.’s ear; ‫( ﻃـﺮق ﺑﺒﺎﻟـﻪ‬bi-bālihī) to
occur to s.o., come to s.o.’s mind; ‫ﻃــﺮق ﰲ ذﻫﻨــﻪ‬ (dihnihī) do.; ‫ﻃــﺮق ﲰﻌــﻪ‬
923
(sam‘ahū) and ‫ ﻃـﺮق ﻣﺴـﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬to reach s.o.’s ear, come to s.o.’s knowledge or
attention; ‫ ﻃﺮق ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎ‬to tread, travel, follow, take, or use a road; ‫ ﻃﺮق ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ‬to
treat of a subject, discuss a topic; to broach a subject, touch on a theme II
to hammer, strike with a hammer, forge, extend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. metal) IV to
bow one's head in silence | ‫رأﺳـﻪ‬ ‫( اﻃـﺮق‬ra’sahū) or ‫ ﺑﺮأﺳـﻪ‬to bow one’s head V
to seek to gain access (‫ اﱃ‬to); to penetrate (‫ اﱃ‬s.th. or into s.th.) to get (‫اﱃ‬
to), reach (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), arrive (‫ اﱃ‬at); (in a speech, and the like) to touch (‫ اﱃ‬on
a subject), go into s.th. (‫)اﱃ‬, treat of s.th. (‫( اﱃ( | ﻻ ﻳﺘﻄـﺮق اﻟﻴـﻪ ﺷـﻚ‬šakkun)
not open to doubt, admitting no doubt
‫ ﻃﺮﻗﺔ‬ṭarqa (n. vic.) pl. ṭaraqāt knock, rap(ping), bang(ing) (e.g., at a door);
blow; one time (= ‫ﻃﺮﻗﺘﲔ‬ ,(‫ﻣﺮة‬, ṭarqatain twice
‫ ﻃﺮﻗﺔ‬ṭurqa way, road; passage, passageway, alleyway, corridor
‫ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬ṭarīq m. and f., pl. ‫ ﻃـﺮق‬ṭuruq, ‫ ﻃﺮﻗـﺎت‬ṭuruqāt way; road, highway;
trail, track, path; method | ‫اﳉـﻮ‬ ‫ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬ṭ. al-jaww air route; ‫ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ṭ. al-baḥr
Confidential
sea route; ‫( ﻃﺮﻳــﻖ رﺋﻴﺴــﻲ‬ra’īsī) main road; ‫‘( ﻃﺮﻳــﻖ ﻋــﺎم‬āmm) public road,
highway, thoroughfare; ‫‘( ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬umūmīya) do.; ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬by way of, via;
by means of, through; ‫اﳉـﻮ‬ ‫( ﻋـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬ṭ. il-jaww) by air; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬by means of,
through; ‫ ﻋـﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬wanderer, wayfarer; ‫ ﻗـﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬pl. ‫ ﻗﻄـﺎع اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬quṭṭā‘ aṭ-ṭ.
highwayman, wayfarer, brigand; ‫ ﻗـﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬to commit highway robbery;
‫ ﻛﺎن ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ‬to have sense, be sensible or normal

‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬ṭarīqa pl. ‫ ﻃﺮاﺋـﻖ‬ṭarā’iq2, ‫ ﻃـﺮق‬ṭuruq manner, mode, means; way,
method, procedure; system; creed, faith, religion; (pl. -āt, ‫ﻃــﺮق‬ ṭuruq)
religious brotherhood, dervish order | ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬directions for use
‫ ﻃﺮﻗﻲ‬ṭuruqī pl. -ūn adherent of a religious brotherhood
‫ ﻣﻄﺮق‬miṭraq and ‫ ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ‬miṭraqa pl. ‫ ﻣﻄﺎرق‬maṭāriq2 hammer
‫ ﻣﻄﺮاق‬miṭrāq versatile, many-sided, of varied skills or talents
‫ اﻃﺮاﻗﺔ‬iṭrāqa (n. vic.) a bowing of the head
‫ اﺳﺘﻄﺮاق‬istiṭrāq transit permission, free passage or entry
924
‫ ﻃـﺎرق‬ṭāriq pl. ‫ ﻃـﺮاق‬ṭurrāq knocking, rapping, banging, striking, beating;

nocturnal visitor
‫ ﻃﺎرﻗﺔ‬ṭāriqa pl. ‫ ﻃﻮارق‬ṭawāriq2 misfortune, disaster, calamity
‫ ﻣﻄـﺮوق‬maṭrūq much-frequented, muchtraveled, well-trodden (road, trail,
path) | ‫ﻣﻄﺮوق‬‫ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬a much-discussed, frequently treated subject
‫ ﻣﻄﺮق‬muṭriq and ‫ ﻣﻄﺮق اﻟﺮأس‬with bowed head
‫ ﻃﺮﻗـﻊ‬ṭarqa‘a (eg.) to crack (intr., also trans.: ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a whip); to
crack, crunch (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻃﺎرﻣﺔ‬ṭārima pl. -āt kiosk, booth, cabin, stall
‫ ﻃﺮﻣﺒﺔ‬ṭurumba pl. -āt pump
‫ )ﻃـﺮو‬and ‫ ﻃـﺮو )ﻃـﺮى‬ṭaruwa u, ‫ ﻃـﺮي‬ṭariya a (‫ ﻃـﺮاوة‬ṭarāwa) to be or become
fresh, succulent, moist, tender, soft, mild II to make fresh, succulent, moist,
tender, soft, mild (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to moisten, wet (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to perfume, scent (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) IV to praise (highly), extol, laud (‫ ه‬s.o.), lavish praise (‫ ه‬on s.o.)
Confidential
‫ ﻃﺮي‬ṭarīy fresh, succulent, new; moist; tender, soft, mild
‫ ﻃ ـﺮاوة‬ṭarāwa freshness, succulence, moistness; tenderness, softness,
mildness | ‫اﳋﻠﻖ‬ ‫ ﻃﺮاوة‬ṭ. al-kulq gentleness; softness of character
‫ اﻃﺮﻳﺔ‬iṭriya vermicelli
‫ اﻃﺮاء‬iṭrā’ (high) commendation, praise, laudation, extolment
‫ ﻃﺮوادة‬ṭirwāda2 (from Fr. Troade) Troy
‫ ﻃﺎزج‬ṭāzaj look up alphabetically
‫( ﻃﺰﻟﻖ‬Turk. tozluk) ṭuzluq pl. ‫ ﻃﺰاﻟﻖ‬ṭazāliq2 gaiter(s), legging(s)
‫ ﻃﺎزة‬ṭāza look up alphabetically
‫( ﻃﺰﻳﻨﺔ‬It. dozzina) pl. ‫ ﻃﺰازن‬ṭazāzin2 dozen
‫ ﻃﺴﺖ‬ṭast, ṭist pl. ‫ ﻃﺴﻮت‬ṭusūt basin; washbasin, washbowl
‫ ﻃﺸﺖ‬ṭašt, ṭišt pl. ‫ ﻃﺸﻮت‬ṭušūt basin; washbasin, washbowl
‫ ﻃﺸﻘﻨﺪ‬ṭašqand Tashkent (capital of Uzbek S.S.R.)
‫ ﻃﺼـﻠﻖ‬ṭaṣlaqa (eg.) to do inaccurately, perform sloppily, bungle, botch,
scamp (‫ ﻫـ‬a job, work)
‫ ﻃﺼﻠﻘﺔ‬ṭaṣlaqa inaccurate, sloppy, or slipsbod work
925
‫ ﻃﻌﻢ‬ṭa‘ima a (ṭa‘m) to eat (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to taste (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to relish, enjoy, savor

(A s.th.) II to graft, engraft (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to inoculate, vaccinate (‫ه‬
‫ ب‬s.o. with);
to inlay (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with, e.g., wood with ivory) IV to feed, give to eat (‫ﻫ ـ ه‬
s.o. s.th.), nourish (‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. with), serve food or drink (‫ )ﻫـ‬to s.o. ( ‫ه( | اﻃﻌﻤﻪ‬
‫( ﻣـﻦ ﺟـﻮع‬jū‘) to appease s.o.’s hunger V to taste (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X = V; to ask for
food
‫ ﻃﻌﻢ‬ṭa‘m pl. ‫ ﻃﻌﻮم‬ṭu‘ūm taste, flavor, savor; pleasing flavor, relish
‫ ﻃﻌﻤﻴـﺔ‬ṭa‘mīya (eg.) patty made of beans, and seasoned with onion, garlic
and parsley
‫ ﻃﻌﻢ‬ṭu‘m graft, cion; bait, lure, decoy; (pl. ‫ ﻃﻌﻮم‬ṭu‘ūm) vaccine
‫ ﻃﻌﻢ‬ṭa‘im tasty, savory, delicious
‫ ﻃﻌﻤـﺔ‬ṭu‘ma pl. ‫ ﻃﻌـﻢ‬ṭu‘am food; bait; quarry, catch, bag | ‫اﺻـﺒﺢ ﻃﻌﻤـﺔ اﻟﻨـﲑان‬
aṣbaḥa ṭu‘mata n-nīrān to be destroyed by fire; ‫اﳊـﺮب‬ ‫( ﻃﻌﻤـﺔ ﳌـﺪاﻓﻊ‬li-madāfi‘i
l-ḥarb) cannon fodder
‫ ﻃﻌﺎم‬ṭa‘ām pl. ‫ اﻃﻌﻤﺔ‬aṭ‘ima, food, nourishment, nutriment, fare, diet; meal,
Confidential
repast | ‫اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫( اﺿﺮب ﻋﻦ‬aḍraba) to go on a hunger strike
‫ ﻣﻄﻌـﻢ‬maṭ‘am pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎﻋﻢ‬maṭā‘im2 eating house, restaurant; dining room;
mess, messhall (on a ship); food | ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ‬m. aš-ša‘b and ‫ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ ﺷﻌﱯ‬soup
kitchen
‫ ﺗﻄﻌـﻴﻢ‬taṭ‘īm inoculation, vaccination; inlay work | ‫ ﺗﻄﻌـﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﺮﻧﻴـﺔ‬t. al-qarnīya
transplantation of the cornea (med.)
‫ اﻃﻌﺎم‬iṭ‘ām feeding
‫ ﻣﻄﻌﻮم‬maṭ‘ūm tasted; already known
‫ ﻃﻌﻦ‬ṭa‘ana u a (ṭa‘n) to thrust, pierce, transfix (‫ ه‬,‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to
stab (‫ ه‬s.o.); to defame, discredit, hurt (with words; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th.),
speak evil (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬of); to contest, challenge, impeach (‫ ﰲ ﺣﻜــﻢ‬a

judgment), appeal (‫ ﰲ ﺣﻜـﻢ‬against a judgment); to refute. disprove (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.);
to penetrate, enter (‫ ﰲ‬s.th. or into s.th.) | ‫( ﻃﻌـﻦ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﻦ‬sinn) to be advanced
in years, be old; ‫( ﻃﻌـﻦ ﰲ اﻟﻘـﻮل‬qaul) to refute a (theological) doctrine VI to
thrust each other; to attack each other, battle one another
926
‫ ﻃﻌــﻦ‬ṭa‘n piercing, transfixion; slandering, calumniation, defamation;

appeal (‫ ﰲ‬against; jur.), challenge, contestation, impeachment (‫ ﰲ‬of; jur.);
pl. ‫ ﻃﻌﻮن‬ṭu‘ūn calumnies, defamations; attacks
‫ ﻃﻌﻨـﺔ‬ṭa‘na (n. vic.) pl. ṭa‘anāt stab, thrust; attack; calumny, defamation,
vilification
‫ ﻃــﺎﻋﻮن‬ṭā‘ūn pl. ‫ ﻃـﻮاﻋﲔ‬ṭawā‘īn2 plague, pestilence | ‫اﻟﻄــﺎﻋﻮن اﻟــﺪﻣﻠﻲ‬
(dummalī) bubonic plague; ‫اﻟﻄـﺎﻋﻮن اﻟﺒﻘـﺮي‬ (baqarī) and ‫ﻃـﺎﻋﻮن اﳌﺎﺷـﻴﺔ‬ ṭ. al-
māšiya rinderpest, cattle plague, steppe murrain
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻋﻦ‬maṭā‘in2 (pl.) invectives, abuses (‫ ﰲ‬against s.o.)
‫ ﻃـﺎﻋﻦ‬ṭā‘in and ‫( ﻃـﺎﻋﻦ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﻦ‬sinn) aged, old, advanced in years | ‫رﺳـﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ ﻃﺎﻋﻨﺔ‬lampoon
‫ ﻣﻄﻌﻮن‬maṭ‘ūn plague-infected, plague-stricken
1‫ ﻃﻐﺎر‬an Iraqi weight equaling 2000 kg, in Basra 1537 kg
2‫ ﻃﻐـﺮاء‬ṭugrā’ pl. -āt tughra, calligraphically intricate signature of the
Ottoman Sultan, interwoven with his father’s name and his own honorific,
Confidential
customarily used on written decrees, state documents and coins
‫ ﻃﻐﺮى‬ṭugrā = ‫ ﻃﻐﺮاء‬ṭugrā’2
‫ ﻃﻐﺎم‬ṭagām common people, populace; lowly, insignificant
‫ ﻃﻐﻤﺔ‬ṭugma, ṭagma pl. -āt band, troop, group
(‫ ﻃﻐـﻮ‬and ‫ﻃﻐـﺎ‬ (‫ ﻃﻐـﻲ‬ṭagā u and ‫ ﻃﻐـﻰ‬ṭagā a (ṭagy) and ṭagiya a (‫ ﻃﻐـﻰ‬ṭagan,
‫ ﻃﻐﻴـﺎن‬ṭugyān) to exceed proper bounds, overstep the bounds, be excessive;
to be rough, tumultuous, rage (sea); to overflow, leave its banks (river); to
flood, overflow, inundate, deluge (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to overcome, seize, grip, befall
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to be tyrannical or cruel (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.), tyrannize, oppress,
terrorize (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.o.), ride roughshod (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬over s.o.); -- ‫ﻃﻐــﻰ‬ ṭagā a to
predominate, prevail, preponderate (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬in, at), dominate, outweigh,
outbalance (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.), be preponderant (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over, in comparison with s.th.)
‫ ﻃﻐﻮان‬ṭugwān flood, inundation, deluge
‫ ﻃﻐﻴـﺎن‬ṭugyān flood, inundation, deluge; tyranny, oppression, suppression,
repression, terrorization
‫ ﻃﺎغ‬ṭāgin pl. ‫ ﻃﻐﺎة‬ṭugāh tyrant, oppressor, despot
927
‫ ﻃﺎغ‬ṭāgiya tyrant, oppressor, despot; bully, brute, gorilla

‫ ﻃﺎﻏﻮت‬ṭāgūt an idol, a false god; seducer, tempter (to error)
‫ ﻃـﻒ‬II to make deficient or scanty (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be niggardly, stingy (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
toward s.o.), stint (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ ﻃﻔﻴـﻒ‬ṭafīf deficient; small, little, slight, trivial, trifling, insignificant,
inconsiderable
‫ ﺗﻄﻔﻴﻒ‬taṭfīf stinting, scrimping, niggardliness, stinginess, parsimony
‫ ﻃﻔـﺊ‬ṭafi’a a (‫ ﻃﻔـﻮء‬ṭufū’) to go out, die down, be extinguished (fire, light);
to be out, have gone out (fire, lamp) IV to put out, extinguish, smother, stifle
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a fire), turn off, switch off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬light); to quench (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fire, thirst), slake (‫ﻫ ـ‬
thirst, also lime) | ‫اﻃﻔـﺄ ﺟـﺬوة ﻳﻮﻣـﻪ واﺣـﺮق ﻓﺤﻤـﺔ ﻟﻴﻠـﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ (jadwata yaumihi
wa-aḥraqa faḥmata lailihi fī l-‘amal) to work day and night VII = ‫ ﻃﻔﺊ‬ṭafi’a
‫ ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬ṭaffāya fire-extinguishing device
‫ ﻣﻄﻔـﺄة‬miṭfa’a pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎﻓﺊ‬maṭāfi’ firefighting equipment, fire extinguisher,
fire engine | ‫اﳌﻄﺎﻓﺊ‬ ‫ رﺟﺎل‬the fire department, the firemen
Confidential
‫ اﻃﻔـﺎء‬iṭfā’ putting out, quenching, extinguishing, extinction, fire fighting |
‫ ﺟﻬـﺎز اﻃﻔـﺎء اﳊﺮﻳـﻖ‬jahāz i. al-ḥarīq firefighting equipment ‫ رﺟـﺎل اﻹﻃﻔـﺎء‬the fire
department, the firemen; ‫‘ ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎت اﻹﻃﻔــﺎء‬amalīyāt al-i. fire-fighting
operations
‫ اﻃﻔﺎﺋﻲ‬iṭfā’ī fireman
‫ اﻃﻔﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬iṭfā’īya fire department
‫ ﻣﻄﻔﺄ‬muṭfa’ extinguished, gone out, out; mat, dull, flat, lusterless
‫ ﻃﻔـﺢ‬ṭafaḥa a (ṭafḥ, ‫ ﻃﻔـﻮح‬ṭufūḥ) to flow over, run over, overflow (‫ ب‬with,
also, e.g., the heart with generosity, etc.); to cause to overflow (‫ ب‬e.g., the
milk) II to fill to overflowing, fill to the brim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a vessel); to overfill (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) IV = II
‫ ﻃﻔــﺢ‬ṭafḥ superabundance, repletion; skin eruption, rash, exanthema
(med.)
‫ ﻃﻔﺤﺔ‬ṭafḥa skin eruption, rash, exanthema (med.)
‫ ﻃﻔﺤﻲ‬ṭafḥī eruptive, exanthematic (med.)
‫ ﻃﻔﻮح‬ṭufūḥ superabundance, repletion
928
‫ ﻃﻔﺎﺣﺔ‬ṭufāḥa skimmings, foam, froth

‫ ﻃﻔﺤﺎن‬ṭafḥān2, f. ‫ ﻃﻔﺤﻰ‬ṭafḥā flowing over, running over, brimful, replete,
overfull, filled to overflowing
‫ ﻣﻄﻔﺤﺔ‬miṭfaḥa skimmer, skimming ladle
‫ ﻃﻔـﺢ‬ṭāfiḥ flowing over, running over, brimful, replete, overfull, filled to
overflowing
‫ ﻃﻔﺮ‬ṭafara i (ṭafr) to jump, leap, bounce | ‫ ﻃﻔﺮت ﺟﻮاﳓﻬـﺎ‬approx.: her bosom
heaved violently (with joyous agitation)
‫ ﻃﻔـﺮة‬ṭafra jump, leap, bounce, bound; impulsive motion, impetuosity;
upswing, rise, upturn, successful step; ṭafratan in one leap
‫ ﻃﻔﺮان‬ṭafrān pauper, have-not
2 ‫ ﻃﻔﺮ‬ṭafar (=‫ )ﺛﻔﺮ‬crupper (of the saddle)
‫ ﻃﻔﺶ‬ṭafaša i (ṭafš) to run away, flee, escape (eg.)
‫ ﻃﻔـﻖ‬ṭafiqa a (ṭafaq) with foll. imperf.: to begin, set out to do s.th.; to do
s.th. suddenly
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬II to intrude, obtrude, impose o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon); to sponge (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.o.,
Confidential
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﺎﺋﺪﺗـﻪ‬at s.o.’s table), live at other people’s expense V = II; to arrive
uninvited or at an inconvenient time, disturb, intrude; to be obtrusive
‫ ﻃﻔﻞ‬ṭafl tender, soft; potter’s clay, argil
‫ ﻃﻔﻞ‬ṭifl pl. ‫ اﻃﻔﺎل‬aṭfāl infant, baby, child
‫ ﻃﻔﻠﺔ‬ṭifla little girl
‫ ﻃﻔﻠﻲ‬ṭiflī child (adj.), baby (adj.), children’s, of or pertaining to childhood
or infancy; infantile, childlike, childish | ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫( اﻟﻄﺐ‬ṭibb) pediatrics
‫ ﻃﻔﻞ‬ṭafal infancy, babyhood, early childhood; childhood, childhood stage
‫ ﻃﻔﻞ‬ṭafla potter’s clay, argil
‫ ﻃﻔﺎل‬ṭufāl potter’s clay; argil; clay, loam
‫ ﻃﻔﺎﻟـﺔ‬ṭafāla infancy, babyhood, early childhood; childhood, childhood
stage; initial stage, beginnings, dawn, early period
‫ ﻃﻔﻮﻟـﺔ‬tufūla infancy, babyhood, early childhood; childhood, childhood
stage; children
‫ ﻃﻔﻮﻟﻴـﺔ‬ṭufūlīya infancy, babyhood, early childhood; childhood, childhood
stage
‫ ﻃﻔــﻮﱄ‬ṭufūlī child (adj.), baby (adj.), children’s, of or pertaining to
childhood or infancy; infantile, childlike, childish
929
‫ ﻃﻔﻴﻠــﻲ‬ṭufailī uninvited guest, intruder, obtruder, sponger, hanger-on,

parasite, sycophant; pl. ‫ ﻃﻔﻴﻠﻴـﺎت‬parasites (med., biol.) | ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴـﺎت‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ‬ilm aṭ.
parasitology
‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻔﻞ‬mutaṭaffil parasitic(al); parasite, sponger, uninvited guest
‫ )ﻃﻔـﺎ )ﻃﻔـﻮ‬ṭafā u (‫ ﻃﻔـﻮ‬ṭafw, ṭufūw) to float, drift; to emerge, rise to the
surface | ‫( ﻃﻔﺎ ﺑﻪ اﱃ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬saṭḥ) to bring s.th. to the surface
‫ ﻃﻔـﺎءة‬ṭufā’a anything drifting or floating, driftage, floatage, flotsam; halo
(around the sun or moon)
‫ ﻃﺎف‬ṭāfin superficial
‫ ﻃﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ṭāfiya floating iceberg
‫ ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬ṭaffāya see ‫ﻃﻔﺊ‬
‫ ﻃﻖ‬ṭaqqa u (ṭaqq) to crack, pop; to clack, smack, flap; to burst, explode
‫ ﻃﻘـﺲ‬II to introduce into one of the orders of the ministry (Chr.) V to
perform a rite, follow a ritual
‫ ﻃﻘـﺲ‬ṭaqs weather; climate; -- (pl. ‫ ﻃﻘـﻮس‬ṭuqūs) rite, ritual; religious
Confidential
custom; order of the ministry, clerical rank (Chr.)
‫ ﻃﻘﺴـﻲ‬ṭaqsī liturgical; liturgist (Chr.); ‫ اﻟﻄﻘﺴـﻴﺎت‬aṭ-ṭaqsīyāt the liturgical
books (Chr.)
‫ ﻃﻘﻄـﻖ‬ṭaqṭaqa to crack, snap, rattle, clatter, chug, pop, crash; to crackle,
(de)crepitate, rustle
‫ ﻃﻘﻄﻮﻗـﺔ‬ṭaqṭūqa crash, bang; clap, thud, crack, pop; (pl. ‫ ﻃﻘـﺎﻃﻴﻖ‬ṭaqāṭīq)
ditty, gay, popular song
‫ ﻃﻘﻢ‬II to harness, bridle (‫ ﻫـ‬a horse)
‫ ﻃﻘــﻢ‬ṭaqm pl. ‫ ﻃﻘــﻮم‬ṭuqūm, ‫ ﻃﻘﻮﻣــﺔ‬ṭuqūma, ‫ اﻃﻘــﻢ‬aṭqum a number of
complementary objects or things; series; suit (of clothes); set (of tools, and
the like); harness (of a horse); service (e.g., of china, etc.) | ‫ﻃﻘـﻢ اﻷﺳـﻨﺎن‬
denture, set of teeth
‫ ﻃﺎﻗﻢ‬tāqim = ṭaqm; crew (of a ship) | ‫ ﻃﺎﻗﻢ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬denture, set of teeth
‫ ﻃـﻞ‬ṭalla u (ṭall) to bespray, besprinkle, bedrizzle, bedew (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. the
sky -- the earth); -- ṭalla u to emerge, rise, loom up, come into view, appear,
show IV to look down (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon), tower (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬above), command a view of
s.th. (‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬, overlook, survey (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to command, dominate, overtop (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
s.th., e.g., the surrounding area); (of a room, window, etc.) to open (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
930
upon, to, toward), give (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), face (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward); to look out, peek out,
peep out (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of s.th.); to appear, show
‫ ﻃﻞ‬ṭall pl. ‫ اﻃﻼل‬ṭilāl dew; fine rain, drizzle
‫ ﻃﻠـﻞ‬ṭalal pl. ‫ اﻃـﻼل‬aṭlāl, ‫ ﻃﻠـﻮل‬ṭulūl, used chiefly in the pl.: remains, ruins
(of houses); remains, or traces, of an abandoned encampment
‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻮل‬maṭlūl: ‫( دم ﻣﻄﻠﻮل‬dam) unavenged blood
‫ ﻃﻠﺐ‬ṭalaba u (ṭalab, ‫ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ‬maṭlab) to look, search (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬for s.o., for s.th.);
to set out (‫ ﻫـ‬for a place). get on one’s way (‫ ﻫـ‬to), go to see (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to request (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), apply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to seek, try to obtain, claim (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.
from), ask, beg (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. for); to demand, exact, require (‫ ﻫ ـ اﱃ‬of s.o. s.th.);
to want, wish (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from; ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. ‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to call (‫ اﱃ‬upon s.o.),
appeal (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), invite, request, entreat, beseech (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to order,

demand (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from), call (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th., ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ from), call in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from); to be after s.o. or s.th. (‫ه‬ ,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to study III to demand back, reclaim
Confidential
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.), call for the return or restitution of s.th. (‫ ب‬or ‫)ﻫ ـ‬,
demand, claim (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.); to demand, claim (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to

require, necessitate, make necessary or requisite (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VII pass. of I
‫ ﻃﻠـﺐ‬ṭalab search, quest, pursuit; -- (pl. -āt) demand, claim, call (for),
invitation (to), solicitation, wish, desire, request, entreaty j application,
petition; order, commission; demand (com.); study | ‫ﲢــﺖ ﻃﻠﺒــﻪ‬ at s.o.’s
disposal; ‫ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟﻄﻠـﺐ‬ and ‫ﻟـﺪى اﻟﻄﻠـﺐ‬ on demand, by request, if desired, on
application; O‫ ﳊـﲔ اﻟﻄﻠـﺐ‬li-ḥīn ṭ-ṭalab at sight (com.); ‫‘( اﻟﻌـﺮض واﻟﻄﻠـﺐ‬arḍ)

supply and demand; ‫ ﻃﻠـﺐ اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬ṭ. al-‘ilm quest of knowledge, craving for
knowledge, studiousness; ‫ ﻃﻠــﺐ ﻋــﺪم اﻟﺜﻘــﺔ‬ṭ. ‘adam at-tiqa motion of “no
confidence” (parl.)
‫ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ‬ṭalba litany, prayer (Chr.)
‫ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ‬ṭaliba, ṭilba desire, wish, request, demand; application
‫ ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ṭalabīya pl. -āt order, commission (com.)
‫ ﻃﻼب‬ṭallāb exacting, persistently claiming or demanding
931
‫ ﻣﻄﻠـﺐ‬maṭlab search, quest, pursuit; -- (pl. .,.Jll.. m<‫اﱃ‬dlib') demand, oall

(for); request, wish; claim; problem, issue; pl. ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟــﺐ‬ (claims of the
government =) taxes
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒـﺔ‬muṭālaba demand; cell, appeal (with genit. or ‫ ب‬for); claim (with
genit. or ‫ ب‬to)
‫ ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ‬ṭālib pl. ‫ ﻃـﻼب‬ṭullāb, ‫ ﻃﻠﺒـﺔ‬ṭalaba seeker, pursuer; claimer, claimant;
‫ ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬ṭ. al-‘ilm;
applicant, petitioner; candidate; student, scholar, also
pupil; a naval rank, approx.: midshipman (Eg. 1939) | ‫( ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ ﳑﺘـﺎز‬mumtāz) a
naval rank, approx.: ensign (Eg. 1939); ‫اﳊﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ ﻃﻼب‬petitioners; ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺰواج‬
ṭ. az-zawāj suitor
‫ ﻃـﺎﻟﱯ‬ṭālibī student’s, student- (in compounds), of or pertaining to studies
or students
‫ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮب‬maṭlūb wanted (in classified ads); due, owed (money); unknown
(of a quantity; math.); (pl. ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟـﺐ‬maṭālib2) wish, desire; pl. ‫ ﻃﻠـﺐ‬liabilities,
debts; pl. ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬claims
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬muṭālib claimer, claimant; -- muṭālab one of whom s.th. or s.o. (‫)ب‬
is demanded, one accountable (‫ ب‬for), held answerable (‫ ب‬for)
‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬mutaṭallabāt requirements
‫ ﻃﻠـﺢ‬ṭalaḥa u (‫ ﻃـﻼح‬ṭalāḥ) to be or become bad, evil, wioked, vicioUi.
depraved
‫ ﻃﻠـﺢ‬ṭalḥ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻃﻠـﻮح‬ṭulūḥ a variety of accacia (Acacia
gummifera); banana tree; banana
‫ ﻃﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ṭalḥīya pl. ‫ ﻃﻼﺣﻰ‬ṭalāḥīy sheet of paper
‫ ﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ‬ṭalīḥa (syr.) ream of paper
‫ ﻃﺎﱀ‬ṭāliḥ bed, evil, wicked, vicious, depraved, villainous
1 ‫ ﻃﻠﺲ‬ṭalasa i (ṭals) to efface, obliterate, blot out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., esp. writing)
‫ ﻃﻠﺲ‬ṭals effacement, obliteration
‫ ﻃﻠﺲ‬ṭils effaced, obliterated, blotted out (inscription); illegible
2 ‫اﻃﻠـﺲ‬ aṭlas2 satin; (pl. ‫اﻃـﺎﻟﺲ‬ aṭālis 2) atlas, volume of geographical
maps
1 ‫ﻃﻠﺴﺎﻧﺔ‬ṭalasāna (eg.) coping (arch.)
932
2‫ ﻃﻴﻠﺴﺎن‬ṭailasān pl. ‫ ﻃﻴﺎﻟﺴﺔ‬ṭayālisa look up alphabetically
‫ ﻃﻠﺴـﻢ‬ṭilasm, ṭilasm pl. -āt, ‫ ﻃﻼﺳـﻢ‬ṭalāsim2 talisman, a seal, or the like,

inscribed with mysterious words or characters; charm, magical combination
of words; pl. ‫ ﻃﻼﺳﻢ‬cryptic characters
‫ ﻃﻠـﻊ‬ṭala‘a u (‫ ﻃﻠـﻮع‬ṭulū‘, ‫ ﻣﻄﻠـﻊ‬maṭla‘) to rise, ascend, come up (esp. of
celestial bodies); to come into view, appear, show, become visible; to erupt
(tooth), come up, sprout, break forth (plant); to go out, get out, come out,
emerge (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to come suddenly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o. or s.th.), overtake (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ ﻃﻠـﻊ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ب‬to take or bring to s.o. s.th.; -- ṭala‘a a u (‫ ﻃﻠـﻮع‬ṭulū‘)
s.o., s.th.);
and ṭali‘a a to mount, ascend, climb, scale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to get (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on top of s.th.,
aboard s.th., into an automobile, on a train, etc.), board (‫ ﻫـ‬a train, etc.) III to
read, peruse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to study (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to look (‫ ﻫـ‬at s.th.), inspect, view (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to acquaint (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. ‫ ب‬with), make clear, elucidate, explain, expound,
disclose (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.), give an insight (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. into), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬in
on s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to shine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.; of the sun) IV to erupt (tooth), come up,
Confidential
sprout, break forth (plant); to acquaint (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ه‬s.o. with); to inform (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ﻣﻦ‬
or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of or about), apprise, notify (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. of), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬know
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. or about s.th.), tell (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. about); to demonstrate, point out,
disclose, reveal, show (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o. s.th.); to give an insight (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬to s.o.
into), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬in on s.th. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬V to have an eye on s.th. (‫)اﱃ‬, wait, look
out (‫ اﱃ‬for); to watch (‫ اﱃ‬for); to strive, be out (‫ اﱃ‬for), be bent (‫ اﱃ‬on); to

look (‫ اﱃ‬at s.o.), regard (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to look attentively or closely, gaze, stare
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬at) VIII to look; to see, behold, view (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to study, come to
know (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.), become acquainted (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with), become aware or cognizant
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), obtain information (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about), be informed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of); to inspect,
examine (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), look into s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to know (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. or of s.th.), be
aware, be cognizant (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of); to be (well) informed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about), have
(inside) information (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), be (thoroughly) acquainted (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with), be
privy (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), be in on s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to find out, discover, detect (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) X
933
to seek to discover, explore, scout, reconnoiter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to inquire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬about

s.th.); to arouse curiosity (‫ ه‬in s.o.) | ‫رأﻳﻪ‬ ‫( اﺳﺘﻄﻠﻌﻪ‬ra’yahū) to consult s.o.) ask
s.o.’s advice or opinion; ‫( اﺳـﺘﻄﻠﻊ ﺧـﱪﻩ‬kabarahū) to seek information about
s.o. or s.th.
‫ ﻃﻠﻊ‬ṭal‘ (also coll.) spadix or inflorescence of the palm tree; pollen
‫ ﻃﻠﻌﺔ‬ṭal‘a look(s), appearance, aspect, outward appearance, guise
‫ ﻃﻠﻌﺔ‬ṭula‘a inquisitive, nosy, curious
‫ ﻃـﻼع‬ṭallā‘ striving, aspiring | ‫( ﻃـﻼع اﻟﺜﻨـﺎ واﻷﳒـﺪ‬tanāyā, anjud) efficient,
energetic, vigorous; ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف‬ ‫( ﻃﻼع اﱃ‬ta‘arruf) curious, eager for news
‫ ﻃﻠـﻮع‬ṭulū‘ rising, going up, ascending, ascension; rise (esp. of celestial
bodies); appearance; climbing, ascent (of a mountain)
‫ ﻃﻠﻴﻌـﺔ‬ṭalī‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎﻟﻊ‬maṭāli‘ front row, foremost rank, vanguard, avant-
garde; pl. harbingers, precursors, presages, portents, first indications,
symptoms; beginnings | ‫اﻟﻄﻠﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬in front, at the head, in the lead
‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ‬maṭla‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻊ‬maṭāli‘ rise, time of rising (of celestial bodies); point
Confidential
of ascent; starting point, point, of departure; break (e.g., of day), dawn (e.g.,
of an era); onset, outset, start, beginning; introduction, preface, proem;
opening verses (of a poem); prelude; lookout; ladder, steps, stairs
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺔ‬muṭāla‘a reading, perusal, study; (pl. -āt) (official) announcement |
‫ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ اﳌﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ‬reading room, study hall
‫ ﺗﻄﻠﻊ‬taṭallu‘ striving, aspiration, endeavor, aim; inquisitiveness, curiosity
‫ اﻃـﻼع‬iṭṭilā‘ pl. -āt study, examination, inspection; perusal; information,
intelligence, knowledge; notice, cognizance; acquaintance, conversance,
familiarity
‫ اﺳ ــﺘﻄﻼع‬istiṭlā‘ study, research, investigation, probing; scouting,
reconnoitering, reconnaissance; exploration; suspense (in anticipation of
s.th.) | ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻄﻼع‬‫ ﺣﺐ‬ḥubb al-ist. inquisitiveness, curiosity;
‫( ﺣﺒـﺎ ﰲ اﻻﺳـﺘﻄﻼع‬ḥubban) out of curiosity; ‫ ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة اﻻﺳـﺘﻄﻼع‬reconnaissance
plane
‫ اﺳــﺘﻄﻼﻋﻲ‬istiṭlā‘ī research-, study- (in compounds), explorational,
exploratory, fact-finding; scout-, reconnaissance- (in compounds)
‫ ﻃﺎﻟﻊ‬ṭāli‘ pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﻟﻊ‬ṭawāli‘2 rising, ascending (esp. a celestial body); star of
destiny; ascendant, nativity | ‫اﻟﻄـﺎﻟﻊ‬ ‫ ﺣﺴـﻦ‬ḥusn aṭ-ṭ. good fortune, lucky star,
934
good luck; ‫ﻃـﺎﻟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ ﳊﺴـﻦ‬luckily for me, fortunately; ‫ ﺳـﻲء اﻟﻄـﺎﻟﻊ‬sayyi’ aṭ-ṭ. ill-
starred, ill-fated, unfortunate, unlucky; hapless person; ‫( ﺳـﺎء ﻃﺎﻟﻌـﻪ‬ṭāli‘uhū)
he fell on evil days, he met with ill fortune
‫ ﻃﺎﻟﻌﺔ‬ṭāli‘a out-set, beginning, start
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻊ‬muṭāli‘ reader
‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﻊ‬mutaṭalli‘ curious, eager, waiting (‫ اﱃ‬for)
‫ ﻣﻄﻠـﻊ‬muṭṭali‘ viewer, observer; informed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about, of), acquainted,
familiar (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with), cognizant (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of), privy (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
‫ ﻃﻠــﻖ‬țaluqa u (‫ ﻃﻼﻗــﺔ‬ṭalāqa) to he cheerful, jovial, happy (face,
countenance); -- ṭalaqāt u, ṭaluqat u (‫ ﻃـﻼق‬ṭalāq) to be divorced, get a.
divorce (said of a woman); -- pass ṭuliqat (‫ ﻃﻠـﻖ‬ṭalq) to be in labor II to set
loose, release, set free, let go (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to leave, forsake (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to repudiate, divorce (‫ زوﺟﺘـﻪ‬zaujatahū one’s wife); to grant a divorce
decree (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against a woman; said of the judge) | ‫( ﻃﻠﻘـﺖ ﻧﻔﺴـﻬﺎ‬nafsahā) she
Confidential
dissolved her marriage, got a divorce; ‫( ﻃﻠﻘـﺖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ṭulliqat) she was granted a
divorce from him (by judicial decree) IV to undo, loose, disengage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to free, set free (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th., also chem.), release, set at liberty, let go, let
off, set loose (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to send out, dispatch (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
discharge (‫ ﻫـ‬a firearm), fire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at), shoot (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at); to utter, emit (‫ﻫ ـ‬
a sound); to let burst forth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬laughter); to repudiate, divorce (‫زوﺟﺘــﻪ‬
zaujatahu one’s wife); to generalize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to apply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., an
expression, a designation, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to) | ‫ اﻃﻠـﻖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﺳـﻢ‬... (isma) to name or call
s.th. ..., designate s.th. as ...; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫( ﻳﻄﻠـﻖ‬yuṭlaqu) it has (absolute) validity for
..., it applies to ...; ‫( اﻃﻠـﻖ اﳊﺒـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻐـﺎرب‬ḥabla) to give free rein, impose no
restraints, let things take their course; ‫( اﻃﻠـﻖ ﺣـﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻘﺎﳍـﺎ‬ḥarban) to unleash
a war;‫( اﻃﻠـﻖ اﻟـﺪواء ﺑﻄﻨـﻪ‬dawā’u baṭnahū) the medicine loosened his bowels;
‫( اﻃﻠـﻖ اﻟﺮﺻـﺎص ﻋﻠـﻰ‬raṣāṣa) to fire, shoot at; ‫( اﻃﻠـﻖ رﺟﻠﻴـﻪ اﱃ اﻟـﺮﻳﺢ‬rijlaihi, rīḥ) to
run away head over heels, to beat it; ‫( اﻃﻠـﻖ ﺳـﺎﻗﻴﻪ ﻟﻠـﺮﻳﺢ‬sāqaihī) to run away
935
head over heels, dash off like the wind, to bolt; ‫ اﻃﻠـﻖ اﻻرادة‬to give a free
hand (‫ ل‬to s.o. ‫ ﰲ‬in s.th. or to do s.th.); ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ اﻃﻠﻖ‬to release s.o., set s.o. free,
let s.o. go; ‫( اﻃﻠـﻖ اﻟﺴـﺒﻴﻞ ﻟﻌﱪﺗـﻪ‬li-‘abratihī) to let one’s tears flow freely; ‫اﻃﻠـﻖ‬
‫ﺳـﺮاﺣﻪ‬ (sarāḥahū) to set s.o. at liberty, free s.o., release s.o. (from jail or
custody); ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ اﻃﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﻨﺎن‬to give free rein to s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.; ‫اﻃﻠﻖ‬
‫( ﳊﻴﺘـﻪ‬liḥyatahū) to let one’s beard grow; ‫ اﻃﻠـﻖ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻃﻼﻗـﺎ ﺷـﻨﻴﻌﺎ‬to indulge
in defamatory remarks about s.o., backbite s.o.; ‫( اﻃﻠـﻖ اﻟﺴـﻨﺘﻬﻢ ﺑ ـ‬alsinatahum)
to incite s.o., e.g., a crowd, the mob (to boisterous demonstrations,
emotional outbursts, and the like); ‫( اﻃﻠـﻖ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬nafsa, sajīyatihā)
he gave free rein to his instincts; ‫ اﻃﻠـﻖ اﻟﻨـﺎر ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to open fire on, fire or shoot
at; ‫ اﻃﻠـﻖ اﻟﻨـﺎر ﰱ‬to set fire to, set s.th. on fire; ‫( اﻃﻠـﻖ ﻳـﺪﻩ ب‬yadahū) to be
openhanded with, bestow s.th. lavishly; ‫)اﻃﻠـﻖ ﻳـﺪﻩ ﰲ )ل‬ to give s.o. a free
hand (in, to do s.th.), give s.o. unlimited authority for; ‫اﻃﻠﻘـﻮا اﻳـﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﰲ اﻟـﺒﻼد‬
(aidiyahum) they did as they pleased
Confidential
with the country, they dealt high, handedly with the country V to
brighten-beam, be radiant (with joy) | ‫ﺗﻄﻠــﻖ وﺟﻬﻬــﺎ ﺑﺘﺴــﺎﻣﺔ‬
free (also chem.); to be emitted, emanate; to race along, sweep along, dash
along; to hurry, rush (‫ اﱃ‬to); to be hurled off, be flung away;
(wajhuhū bi-
btisāma) her face broke into a radiant smile VII to be free, be loose, be set
to be
discharged, be fired (firearm); to explode, go off; to burst forth, burst out,
ring out (shouts, voices); to take off, start off, decamp, depart (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to
start rolling, move off, pull out (train, vehicle); to go on, proceed on one’s
way, to go away, leave; to go by, pass, elapse, (hours, years); to brighten,
beam (face); with ‫ب‬: to utter s.th. (tongue); with foll. imperf.: to set out to
do s.th., begin or start with s.th. | ‫( اﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﳚﺮي‬yajrī) he set out in a hurry; ‫اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‬
‫( ﻣﺴـﺮﻋﺎ‬musri‘an) he went away quickly, rushed away, dashed off; ‫اﻧﻄﻠـﻖ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬
(lisānuhū) to utter words against; ‫( اﻧﻄﻠـﻖ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬wajhuhū) his face brightened,
became cheerful X ‫ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‬ ‫( اﺳﺘﻄﻠﻖ‬baṭnuhu) he had a bowel movement
‫ ﻃﻠــﻖ‬ṭalq talc (min.); labor pains, travail; free, open, unconfined,
unrestrained, unimpeded, uninhibited; free (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), rid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of) |
‫ﻃﻠـﻖ اﶈﻴـﺎ‬
ṭalq (ṭilq, ṭulq) al-muḥayyā with a happy, cheerful face, bright-faced; ‫ﻃﻠـﻖ‬
936
‫ اﻟﻮﺟـﻪ‬ṭalq (ṭilq, ṭulq) al-wajh do.; ‫ ﻃﻠـﻖ اﻟﻠﺴـﺎن‬eloquent; ‫( ﰲ اﳍـﻮاء اﻟﻄﻠـﻖ‬hawā’)

outdoors, in the open, under the open sky; ‫ ﻃﻠــﻖ اﻟﻴــﺪﻳﻦ‬ṭ. al-yadain
openhanded, liberal, generous
‫ ﻃﻠﻖ‬ṭilq permissible, admissible
‫ ﻃﻠـﻖ‬ṭalaq pl. ‫ اﻃـﻼق‬aṭlāq run, race, foot race; (pl. -āt, ‫ اﻃـﻼق‬aṭlāq) shot
(with a firearm) | ‫اﻟﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬rapid-fire (rifle, gun)
‫ ﻟﺴﺎن ﻃﻠﻖ‬lisān ṭaliq a facile, fluent tongue
‫ ﻃﻠﻘﺔ‬ṭalqa pl. ṭalaqāt divorce | ‫( ﻃﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬talāta) definite divorce
‫ ﻃﻠﻘﺔ‬ṭalaqa pl. -āt shot | ‫ ﻃﻠﻘﺔ رﻳﺔ‬do
‫ ﻃﻼق‬ṭalāq divorce, talak | ‫( ﻃﻼق ﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬talāta) definite divorce; ‫ﻃﻼق رﺟﻌﻲ‬
(raj‘ī) revocable (not definite) divorce; ‫ ﻛﺘـﺎب اﻟﻄـﻼق‬bill of divorce; ‫ﺣﻠـﻒ‬
‫ﻟﻄﻼق‬ to swear by all that’s holy
‫ ﻃﻠﻴﻖ‬ṭalīq pl. ‫ ﻃﻠﻘﺎء‬ṭulaqā’2 freed, released, set free, free; freedman; ‫اﻟﻄﻠﻘﺎء‬
name of those Meccans who remained heathen until the surrender of Mecca
Confidential
‫ ﻃﻼﻗـﺔ‬ṭalāqa ease, relaxedness; unrestraint; cheerfulness | ‫ﻃﻼﻗــﺔ اﻟﻠﺴــﺎن‬
fluency, eloquence; ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ ﻃﻼﻗﺔ‬ṭ. al-wajh cheerfulness of the face, gaiety
‫ ﻃﻠﻴﻘﺔ‬ṭalīqa repudiated or divorced woman, divorcee
‫ ﻃﻠﻮﻗﺔ‬ṭalūqa pl. ‫ ﻃﻼﺋﻖ‬ṭalā’iq2 stallion
‫ اﻃ ــﻼق‬iṭlāq freeing, liberation; setting loose, releasing, release;
dispatch(ing); application (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); generalization; ‫ اﻃﻼﻗـﺎ‬iṭlāqan absolutely |
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻹﻃـﻼق‬ absolutely, unrestrictedly, without exception, in any respect,
under any circumstances; ‫( اﻃـﻼق اﻟﺮﺻـﺎص ﻋﻠـﻰ‬i. ar-raṣāṣ) the firing at s.th.,
the shooting of s.o.; ‫ اﻃـﻼق اﻟﺴـﺮاح‬i. as-sarāḥ release (of s.o.); ‫اﻃـﻼق اﻟﻨـﺎر‬
‫ ))اﻟﻨﲑان‬opening of fire, shelling, gunning, cannonade
‫ اﻧﻄـﻼق‬intilāq outburst, outbreak, eruption, explosion, release (e.g., of
forces, of energies); unrestraint, liberty | ‫اﻻﻧﻄـﻼق‬ ‫ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ‬nuqṭat al-inṭ. starting
point, point of departure
‫ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ‬tāliq (of a woman) repudiated, divorced | ‫( ﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﻟﻖ ﺛﻼ‬talātan) she is
irrevocably divorced
937
‫ ﻣﻄﻠــﻖ‬muṭlaq free; unlimited, unrestricted, absolute; general; ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻘــﺎ‬

muṭlaqan absolutely, unrestrictedly, without exception, in any respect, under
any circumstances | ‫( اﻟــﺪول ذات اﳊﻜــﻢ اﳌﻄﻠــﻖ‬duwal dāt al-ḥukm) the
authoritarian states; ‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ اﻟﺴﺮاح‬m. as-sarāḥ free, at large, at liberty
‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﻖ‬mutaṭalliq cheerful, jovial, happy (face)
‫ ﻣﻄﻠﻤﺔ‬miṭlama rolling pin
‫ ﻃﻠﻤﺒﺔ‬ṭulumba pl. -āt pump
‫ ﻃﻠﻤﺲ‬ṭalmasa to frown, scowl, glower, lower
(‫ ﻃﻠـﻮ‬and‫ﻃﻠـﻰ‬ (‫ ﻃﻠـﻮ‬ṭalā i (ṭaly) to paint, daub (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to coat,
overlay, plate (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with) | ‫( ﻃـﻞ ﻫ ـ ﻟـﺬﻫﺐ‬dahab) to gild s.th.; ‫ﻃﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬
‫( ﻟﻜﻬـﺮ ء‬kahrabā’) to galvanize, electroplate s.th.; ‫( ﻃﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ ﳌﻴﻨـﺎﻩ‬mīnā’) to
enamel s.th. VII ‫اﳊﻴﻠـﺔ‬ ‫( ﱂ ﺗﻨﻄـﻞ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ḥīla) he wouldn’t be deceived by this
ruse, this trick couldn’t fool him
‫ ﻃﻼء‬ṭilā’ coating, overlaying, plating; coat, covering (e.g., of sugar); (coat
‫اﻟﻄـﻼء ﻟﻜﻬـﺮ ء‬
Confidential
of) paint; make-up, face paint | (kahrabā’) galvanization,
electroplating
‫ ﻃﻠﻰ‬ṭalīy pleasant, becoming, nice, pretty
‫ ﻃﻼوة‬ṭalāwa beauty, gracefulness, grace, elegance
‫ اﻟﻄﻠﻴﺎن‬aṭ-ṭulyān the Italians
‫ ﻃﻠﻴﻄﻠﺔ‬ṭulaiṭila2 Toledo (town in Spain)
‫ ﻃـﻢ‬ṭamma u (ṭamm, ‫ ﻃﻤـﻮم‬ṭumūm) to overflow, flood, inundate, deluge,
engulf (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VII pass. of I
‫ ﻃـﻢ‬ṭamm large quantity, huge amount; sea | ‫( اﻟﻄـﻢ واﻟـﺮم‬rimm) tremendous
riches
‫ ﻃﺎﻣﺔ‬ṭāmma pl. -āt (overwhelming) calamity, disaster
‫ ﻃﻤﺎﻃﺔ‬ṭumāṭa tomato
‫ ﻃﻤﺎﻃﻢ‬ṭamāṭim2 (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tomatoes
‫ ﻃﻤـﺄن‬ṭam’ana and ‫ ﻃـﺄﻣﻦ‬ṭa’mana to calm, quiet, pacify, appease, assuage,
soothe (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.), set s.o.’s mind at rest; to fill s.o. (‫ )ه‬with
confidence (‫ اﱃ‬in), reassure (‫ه‬ ‫اﱃ‬ s.o. of or with regard to) II ‫ﺗﻄــﺄﻣﻦ‬
938
taṭa’mana = ‫ ﻃﻤـﻦ‬VI; IV ‫ اﻃﻤـﺄن‬iṭma’anna to remain quietly (‫ ﰲ‬in a place); to

come to rest; to be or become still, quiet, calm, tranquil, at ease, composed,
or reassured, feel assured, confident, or secure; to be sure, be certain (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or
‫ اﱃ‬of s.th.); to have confidence, to trust (‫ اﱃ‬in), rely, depend (‫ اﱃ‬on, upon);
to make sure (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.) reassure o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of or with regard to); to find
reassurance (‫ اﱃ‬in), derive confidence (‫ اﱃ‬from)
‫ ﻃﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨـﺔ‬ṭuma’nīna calm, repose, serenity, peace, peacefulness, tranquility;
reassurance, peace of mind, composure, calmness, equanimity; trust,
confidence
‫ اﻃﻤﺌﻨـﺎن‬iṭmi’nān calm, repose, serenity, peace, peacefulness, tranquility;
reassurance, peace of mind, composure, calmness, equanimity; trust,
confidence
‫ ﻣﻄﻤــﺌﻦ‬muṭma’inn (of land) low, low-lying; calm, quiet, at ease,
composed, (re)assured, tranquil, serene, peaceable, peaceful, safe, secure;
sure, certain; trusting, confident, of good hope
‫ ﻃﻤـﺚ‬ṭamata u and ṭamita a (ṭamt) to menstruate; -- ṭamata u i (ṭamt) to
deflower (‫ ﻫﺎ‬a girl)
Confidential
‫ ﻃﻤﺚ‬ṭamt menstruation; menses, menstrual discharge
‫ ﻃﻤﺢ‬ṭamaḥa a (‫ ﻃﻤﻮح‬ṭumūḥ) to turn, be directed (‫ اﱃ‬to. toward; of the eye,
of glances); to aspire (‫ اﱃ‬to, after), be bent (‫ اﱃ‬on), strive, crave, long, yearn
(‫ اﱃ‬for), covet (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to take away, remove (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﻃﻤــﻮح‬ṭumūḥ striving, endeavor, aspiration, desire, craving, coveting,
longing, yearning; ambition; high aspirations, loftiness of purpose
‫ ﻃﻤـﻮح‬ṭamūḥ high-aiming, high-aspiring, ambitious; craving, covetous,
desirous, avid, eager
‫ ﻃﻤـﺎح‬ṭammāḥ high-aiming, high-aspiring, ambitious; craving, covetous,
desirous, avid, eager
‫ ﻣﻄﻤـﺢ‬maṭmaḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎﻣﺢ‬maṭāmiḥ object of one’s longing or striving,
(aspired) goal, aim, ambition, burning desire
‫ ﻃــﺎﻣﺢ‬ṭāmiḥ high-aiming, high-aspiring; longing, yearning, craving,
covetous, avid, eager
1 ‫ ﻃﻤـﺮ‬ṭamara u i (ṭamr) to bury, inter, cover with earth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. a
corpse); ṭamara i to cover up (‫ ﻫـ‬a thing), fill up (‫ ﻫـ‬a well)
‫ ﻃﻤﺮ‬ṭimr pl. ‫ اﻃﻤﺎر‬aṭmār old, tattered garment, fags, tatters
939
‫ ﻃﻤﺮ‬ṭimirr fiery steed, race horse

‫ ﻣﻄﻤﺮ‬miṭmar plumb line
‫ ﻣﻄﻤــﻮر‬maṭmūr subterranean, underground | O ‫‘ ﻋﻠــﻢ اﳌﻄﻤــﻮرات‬ilm al-
maṭmūrāt paleontology
‫ ﻣﻄﻤـﻮرة‬maṭmūra pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎﻣﲑ‬maṭāmīr2 subterranean storehouse for grain,
underground granary, mattamore
2‫ ﻃﻤﺮ‬II (eg.) to curry(comb), rub down (‫ ﻫـ‬a horse)
‫ ﻃﻤﺮ‬ṭumār (eg.) currycomb

3‫ ﻃﻮﻣﺎر‬ṭūmār pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﻣﺮ‬ṭawāmir2 look up alphabetically
‫ ﻃﻤـﺲ‬ṭamasa u i (ṭams, ‫ ﻃﻤـﻮس‬ṭumūs) to be effaced, be obliterated, be

erased, be wiped out, be blotted out, be destroyed, be eradicated; to lose
animation, become lusterless (eye, glance); -- ṭamasa i (ṭams) to efface,
obliterate, erase, expunge, blot out, wipe out, destroy, eradicate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.) VII to be effaced, be obliterated, be wiped out, be blotted out, become
extinct
‫ ﻃﻤﺲ‬ṭams effacement, obliteration
Confidential
‫ اﻧﻄﻤﺎس‬inṭimās incomprehencibleness, abstruseness
‫ ﻃـﺎﻣﺲ‬ṭāmis extinct, dead; blurred, indistinct; incomprehensible, abstruse,
recondite, obscure
‫ ﻃﻤﺎﻃﺔ‬ṭumāṭa tomato
‫ ﻃﻤﺎﻃﻢ‬ṭamāṭim2 (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tomatoes
‫ ﻃﻤﻄﻤــﺎﱐ‬ṭumṭumānī barbarous, barbaric, uneducated (esp. speech,
pronunciation)
‫ ﻃﻤـﻊ‬ṭami‘a a (ṭama‘) to covet, desire (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), wish, crave, strive
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬for), aspire (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬to, after); to expect (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to hope
(‫ ﰲ‬for); to be ambitious; -- ṭamu‘a u (‫ ﻃﻤﺎﻋـﺔ‬ṭamā‘a) to be covetous, avid,
greedy, avaricious II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) desirous (‫ ﰲ‬of), fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with greed
(‫ ﰲ‬for); to allure, tempt, entice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) hope (‫ ﰲ‬of), hold out
hopes (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬of s.th.), embolden (‫ ه‬s.o.), encourage (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.o. to do
s.th.) IV = II
‫ ﻃﻤــﻊ‬ṭama‘ pl. ‫ اﻃﻤــﺎع‬aṭmā‘ greed, greediness, avidity, covetousness;
ambitious desire, ambition; object of desire
‫ ﻃﻤﺎع‬ṭammā‘ avid, greedy, covetous, desirous; avaricious, grasping
940
‫ ﻃﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ṭamā‘īya avidity, greed; cupidity, avarice

‫ ﻣﻄﻤـﻊ‬maṭma‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎﻣﻊ‬maṭāmi‘ coveted object; covetousness, craving,
desire; hope, expectation; pl. ambitious designs, ambitions, schemes,
aspirations, desires
‫ ﻣﻄﻤﻌﺔ‬maṭma‘a lure, enticement, temptation
‫ ﻣﻄﻤﺎع‬miṭmā‘ filled with greed; obsessed by ambition, overambitious
‫ ﻃﻤـﻦ‬II to quiet, calm, appease, pacify, allay, assuage, soothe (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); see also ‫ ﻃـﺄﻣﻦ‬ṭa’'mana under ‫ ﻃﻤـﺄن‬VI to be low; to become low, sink,
subside; to calm down, be or become quiet, calm, still, to abate; to be bent
over, to stoop
‫ ﻃﻤﺎن‬ṭamān calm, quiet, repose, peace, peacefulness, serenity, tranquility;
reassurance, ease, calmness, peace of mind, composure, equanimity; trust,
confidence
‫ ﺗﻄﻤﲔ‬taṭmīn appeasement, mollification, calming, assuaging, soothing
‫ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﻣﻦ‬mutaṭāmin low
(‫ ﻃﻤﻮ‬and ‫ﻃﻤﺎ‬ (‫ ﻃﻤﻲ‬ṭamā u (‫ ﻃﻤﻮ‬ṭumūw), ‫ ﻃﻤﻰ‬ṭamā i (ṭamy) to flow over
Confidential
‫ ﻃﻤﻲ‬ṭamy (eg., syr.) alluvial mud, silt, alluvium
1‫ ﻃﻦ‬ṭunn pl. ‫ اﻃﻨﺎن‬aṭnān ton | ‫ﻣﺴﺠﻞ‬ ‫( ﻃﻦ‬musajjal) register ton
2 ‫ ﻃﻦ‬ṭanna i (‫ ﻃﻨـﲔ‬ṭanīn) to ring, sound, peal, jingle, tinkle (bell); to hum,
buzz, drone (insect); to ring (ears) II = I
‫ ﻃﻨـﲔ‬ṭanīn ring(ing), peal, jingle, tinkle, tinkling (of a bell); buzz(ing),
hum(ming), drone (of an insect); ringing (of the ears)
‫ ﻃﻨـﺎن‬ṭannān ringing, sounding, pealing, jingling, tinkling; resounding,
reverberating, echoing; humming, buzzing, droning; whistle, buzzer (of a
kettle); famous, renowned, celebrated
‫ ﻃﻨـﺐ‬II to remain, abide, stay to live, settle down (‫ ب‬in, at a place) IV to
be excessive (‫ ﰲ‬in), overdo, exaggerate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to brag
‫ ﻃﻨـﺐ‬ṭunub pl. ‫ اﻃﻨـﺎب‬aṭnāb tent rope; sinew, tendon | ‫( ﺷـﺪ اﻃﻨﺎﺑـﻪ‬šadda) to
stay, sojourn, reside; ‫ ﺿـﺮب اﻃﻨﺎﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to settle down, take up permanent
residence in a place; ‫ ﺿﺮب اﻃﻨﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ‬to take root, prevail (at a place)
‫ اﻃﻨ ــﺎب‬iṭnāb exaggeration; fussiness, circumstantiality, prolixity,
lengthiness, verbosity
941
‫ ﻃﻨﺒــﻮر‬ṭunbūr pl. ‫ ﻃﻨــﺎﺑﲑ‬ṭanābīr2 a long-necked, stringed instrument

resembling the mandolin; a device used to raise water for irrigation,
Archimedean screw; drum, cylinder (techn.)
‫ ﻃﻨﺒﻮري‬ṭunbūrī player of the ‫ﻃﻨﺒﻮر‬
‫ ﻃﻨﺒﻮﺷﺔ‬ṭanbūša pl. -āt paddle box (of a paddle steamer)
‫ ﻃﻨﺠﺔ‬ṭanja2 Tangier
‫ ﻃﻨﺠﻲ‬ṭanjī from Tangier; native of Tangier, Tangerine
‫ ﻃﻨﺠﺮة‬ṭanjara pl. ‫ ﻃﻨﺎﺟﺮ‬ṭanājir2 (copper) casserole, saucepan, skillet
‫ ﻃﻨﻄﺎ‬ṭanṭā Tanta (city in N Egypt)
‫ ﻃﻨﻄﻦ‬ṭanṭana to ring, sound, peal, jingle, tinkle (bell); to hum, buzz, drone
(insect); to clang, boom, roar, rumble; to blare out (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﻃﻨﻄﻨــﺔ‬ṭanṭana ring(ing), peal, jingle, tinkle, tinkling (of a bell);
hum(ming), buzz(ing), drone (of an insect); clangor, boom, roar
‫ ﻃﻨـﻒ‬ṭunuf (ṭanaf, ṭunf) pl. ‫ ﻃﻨـﻮف‬ṭunūf, ‫ اﻃﻨـﺎف‬aṭnāf top, summit, peak (of
a mountain); ledge, molding, eaves
‫ ﻃﻨﻔﺴــﺔ‬ṭinfisa, ṭanfasa, ṭunfusa pl. ‫ ﻃﻨــﺎﻓﺲ‬ṭanāfis2 velvet-like carpet,
Confidential
mockado carpet
‫ ﻃـﻪ‬a group of letters opening the 20th sura; T hā
proper name
ā a Muslim masculine
‫ ﻃﻬـﺮ‬ṭahara, ṭahura u (ṭuhr, ‫ ﻃﻬـﺎرة‬ṭahāra) to be clean, pure; -- ṭaharat,

ṭahurat (of a woman) to be clean (as opposed to menstruating) II to clean,
cleanse, deterge, expurgate, purge, purify, chasten (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to
disinfect, sterilize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to dredge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a canal); to circumcise (‫ ه‬s.o.)

III to circumcise (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to clean o.s., cleanse o.s., perform an ablution
‫ ﻃﻬﺮ‬ṭuhr cleanness, purity; chastity
‫ ﻃﻬﻮر‬ṭahūr circumcision; cleansing, purging, detergent; clean, pure
‫ ﻃﻬــﺎرة‬ṭahāra cleanness, cleanliness, purity; cultic purity (Isl. Law);
chastity; holiness, sanctity, saintliness; circumcision | ‫اﻟـﺬﻳﻞ‬ ‫ ﻃﻬـﺎرة‬ṭ. ad-dail
innocence; probity, uprightness, integrity, honesty
‫ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ‬maṭhar purgatory (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﻄﻬﺮة‬maṭhara pl. ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻫﺮ‬maṭāhir2 wash-room, lavatory, toilet
‫ ﻃﻬــﺮ‬taṭhīr cleaning, cleansing, purging, expurgation, purification;
disinfection; purgation, use of aperients; dredging; circumcision
942
‫ ﺗﻄﻬﲑي‬taṭhīrī cleaning, cleansing, detergent

‫ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ‬ṭāhir pl. ‫ اﻃﻬﺎر‬aṭhār clean, pure; chaste, modest, virtuous | ‫ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ اﻟﺬﻣﺔ‬ṭ.
ad-dimma upright, righteous, honest; ‫ﻃـﺎﻫﺮ اﻟـﺬﻳﻞ‬ ṭ. ad-dail innocent, pure,
unblemished, blameless, upright, righteous, honest
‫ ﻣﻄﻬــﺮ‬muṭahhir pl. -āt a detergent (esp. anticeptic); an anticeptic, a
disinfectant
‫ ﻣﻄﻬﺮ‬muṭahhar pure, immaculate
‫ ﻃﻬﺮان‬ṭihrān2 Teheran (capital of Iran)
‫ ﻃﻬﻖ‬V to despise, detect, abhor, loathe (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻄﻬﻢ‬muṭahham of perfect beauty (esp. as an epithet of noble horses)
‫ )ﻃﻬـﻮ‬and ‫ ﻃﻬـﻲ( ﻃﻬـﺎ‬ṭahā u and ‫ ﻳﻄﻬـﻰ‬yaṭhā (‫ ﻃﻬـﻮ‬ṭahw, ‫ ﻃﻬـﻲ‬ṭuhīy, ṭahy,
‫ ﻃﻬﺎﻳـﺔ‬ṭahāya) to cook (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stew (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to braise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to broil,
fry (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to bake (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻃﻬﻰ‬ṭuhan cooked dish, cooked meal
‫ ﻃﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ṭihāya cook’s trade
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻄﻬﻰ‬maṭhan kitchen
‫ ﻃﺎﻩ‬ṭāhin pl. ‫ ﻃﻬﺎة‬ṭuhāh cook
‫ ﻃﻮاﺷﻲ‬ṭawāšī pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﺷﻴﺔ‬ṭawāšiya eunuch
‫ ﻃﻮاﻳﺔ‬ṭawwāya frying pan
1‫ ﻃﺎﺑﺔ‬ṭāba look up alphabetically
2‫ ﻃﻮب‬II to beatify (‫ ه‬s.o.; Chr.)
‫ ﻃـﻮﰉ‬ṭūbā blessedness, beatitude; Beatitude (title of honor of a patriarch;

Chr.)
‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺐ‬taṭwīb beatification (Chr.)
3‫ ﻃﻮب‬ṭub (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬brick(s) | ‫اﲪﺮ‬ ‫( ﻃﻮب‬aḥmar) baked brick(s); ‫ﻃﻮب‬
‫( ﻣﻔـﺮغ‬mufarrag) hollow tile(s), air brick(s); ‫( ﻃـﻮب ﱐ‬nayy) unburned, sun-
dried briek(s)
‫ ﻃﻮاب‬ṭawwāb brick burner, brick-maker, tile-maker
‫ ﻃﻮﲜﻲ‬ṭōbjī, (eg.) ṭobgī pl. -īya artillerist, artilleryman
‫ ﻃﻮﲜﻴﺔ‬ṭōbjīya artillery
‫ ﻃﻮﺑﻪ‬ṭūba the fifth month of the Coptic calendar
943
‫ )ﻃـﺎح )ﻃـﻮح‬ṭāḥa u (ṭauḥ) to perish, die; to loss one’s way, go astray, stray,
wander about; to fall; to throw, cast, fling, hurl, toss, carry away, sweep
away (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) II to cause to or let perish (‫ ه‬or
‫ ب‬s.o.); to endanger,
expose to peril (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.); to throwaway, toss away, hurl away (‫ ب‬s.th.);
to throw, cast, hurl, toss, fling (‫ب‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. into); to carry away, transport ( ‫اﱃ‬
‫ ب‬s.o. to, into); to move, induce, tempt (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ اﱃ‬to s.th., to do s.th.) |
‫ ﻃﺮﺣـﺖ ﺑـﻪ اﻟﻄـﻮاﺋﺢ‬fate dealt him severe blows IV to drop, discard (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to let s.th. (‫ )ب‬be swept away; to carry away, tear
away, rip away (‫ ب‬s.th.); to chop off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. the head) V to fall, drop,
be thrown, be tossed; to stray, wander about; to sway, reel, stagger
‫ ﻃﻮاﺋﺢ‬ṭawā’iḥ2 adversities, blows of fate
‫ ﻣﻄﻮﺣﺔ‬muṭawwiḥa pl. -āt adventure
‫ ﻃﻮد‬VII to rise in the air, soar up
‫ ﻃﻮد‬ṭaud pl. ‫ اﻃﻮاد‬aṭwād (high, towering) mountain
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﺎد‬munṭād pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻴﺪ‬manāṭīd2 balloon, blimp; zeppelin, dirigible | ‫ﻣﻨﻄﺎد‬
‫( ﻣﻘﻴـﺪ‬muqayyad) captive balloon, kite balloon; O ‫( ﻣﻨﻄـﺎد ﻫـﻮاﺋﻲ ﺑـﺖ‬hawā’ī)
barrage balloon
1 ‫ﻃـﻮر‬II to develop, further, advance, promote (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to develop,
evolve; to change; to race (motor)
‫ ﻃﻮر‬ṭaur pl. ‫ اﻃـﻮار‬aṭwār one time (= Fr. fois; state, condition; limit, bound;
stage, degree; phase (also phys., esp. el.) | ‫ﻃـﻮر‬ ‫ ﻃﻮرا ﺑﻌـﺪ‬time and again, again
and again; ‫ﻃﻮرا‬ -- ‫ ﻃﻮرا‬or ‫ ﻃـﻮرا‬-- ‫ ﺣﻴﻨﺎ‬sometimes -- sometimes, at times – at
times; ‫ ﺧـﺮج ﻋـﻦ ﻃـﻮرﻩ‬to lose one’s self-control, become upset; ‫اﺧﺮﺟـﻪ ﻋـﻦ ﻃـﻮرﻩ‬
(akrajahū) to upset, discompose, disconcert s.o.; ‫ﻏﺮﻳــﺐ اﻷﻃ ـﻮار‬ of odd

behavior, eccentric
‫ ﻃـﻮر‬ṭūr pl. ‫ اﻃـﻮار‬aṭwār mountain | ‫ ﻃـﻮر ﺳـﻴﻨﺎء‬ṭ. sīnā’ and ‫ ﻃـﻮر ﺳـﻴﻨﺎ‬ṭ. sīnā
Mount Sinai
‫ ﻃﻮري‬ṭūrī wild
‫ ﻃﻮار‬ṭawār sidewalk
‫ ﻃﻮراﱐ‬ṭūrānī wild; Turanian
944
‫ ﺗﻄــﻮر‬taṭawwur pl. -āt development; evolution; pl. -āt stages of

development, evolutionary phases, developments | ‫ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ اﻟﺘﻄـﻮر‬ developable,
capable of development or evolution
‫ ﺗﻄـﻮري‬taṭawwurī evolutional, evolutionary | ‫( ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﺔ ﺗﻄﻮرﻳـﺔ‬naẓarīya) theory
of evolution, evolutionism
2‫ ﻃﺎر‬ṭār (= ‫ اﻃﺎر‬iṭār), ‫ ﻃﺎرة‬ṭāra hoop, ring; tire; frame; wheel; tambourine
3‫ اﻃﺎر‬iṭār see ‫اﻃﺮ‬
4‫ ﻃﻮرﻳﺔ‬ṭūrīya look up alphabetically
‫ ﻃﻮرﺑﻴﺪ‬ṭurbīd pl. -āt, ‫ ﻃﺮاﺑﻴﺪ‬ṭarābīd2 torpedo

‫ ﻃﻮرﻳﺔ‬ṭūrīya (eg.) pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاري‬ṭawārī hoe, mattock
‫( ﻃﻮزﻟﻖ‬Turk. tozluk) gaiter(s), legging(s)
‫ ﻃﻮس‬II to adorn, decorate, deck out (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﻃـﺎس‬ṭās pl. -āt round, shallow drinking cup made of metal, drinking
vessel; finger bowl
‫ ﻃـﺎس‬ṭāsa pl. -āt round, shallow drinking cup made of metal, drinking
Confidential
vessel | ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤﲑ‬
‫ ﻃﺎﺳﺔ‬frying pan; O ‫ ﻃﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم‬ṭ. at-taṣādum buffer (railroad)
‫ ﻃﺎووس‬ṭāwūs pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاوﻳﺲ‬ṭawāwīs2 peacock
‫ ﻣﻄﻮس‬muṭawwas ornate, ostentatiously made-up
‫ ﻃﻮش‬II to castrate, emasculate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻃﻮاﺷﻲ‬ṭawāšī pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﺷﻴﺔ‬ṭawāšiya eunuch
‫ )ﻃﺎع )ﻃـﻮع‬ṭā‘a u (ṭau‘) to obey (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.), be obedient (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.) II
to render obedient, bring into subjection, subdue, subject, subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.) |
‫( ﻃﻮﻋﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬nafsuhū) (lit.: his soul permitted him, made it easy or feasible
for him, i.e.) he allowed himself to do s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, he had no qualms about
doing s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, he did not hesitate to do s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬III to comply with or
accede to s.o.’s (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬wishes (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or‫ ﰲ‬in, with regard to), yield, submit, be
obedient (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in), obey (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in); to be at s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
command (of a faculty, skill, etc.); to consent, assent (‫ ﰲ‬to s.th.) IV to obey,
follow (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.), be obedient, submit, yield (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.),
945
comply (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬with s.o.’s wishes, with s.th.), accede (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o.’s wishes, to
s.th.) V to do voluntarily (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), volunteer (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for, in,
to do s.th.); to enlist, volunteer (mil.) | ‫ﺧـﲑا‬ ‫( ﺗﻄـﻮع‬kairan) to perform a good
deed voluntarily VII to obey, follow (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), be obedient, submit,
yield, accede (‫ ل‬to), comply (‫ ل‬with) X to be able (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to do s.th.), be in a
position to do, to get, to carry out, or to take upon o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be capable
(‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th., ‫ ان‬of doing s.th.)
‫ ﻃـﻮع‬ṭau‘ obedience; voluntariness, spontaneity (in connection with a
legally relevant action, esp. a delict; Isl. Law); (for m. and f.) obedient,
compliant, submissive; ‫ ﻃﻮﻋـﺎ‬ṭau‘an voluntarily, of one’s own free will, of
one’s own accord | ‫( ﻃﻮﻋﺎ او ﻛﺮﻫﺎ‬karhan) willingly or unwillingly, willy-nilly,
whether I (you, etc.) will it or not; ‫ ﻃﻮع اﻟﻌﻨﺎن‬tractable, docile, amenable; ‫ﻃﻮع‬
‫ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬ṭau‘a yadihī under s.o.’s thumb, at s.o.’s beck and call; ‫ﻫـﻮ ﻃـﻮع اﻳـﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
(ṭau‘a aidīnā) he is at our beck and call, he is in our power; ‫ﻃـﻮع اﻣـﺮك‬/ṭau‘a
Confidential
amrika at your disposal
‫ ﻃﻮﻋﻴﺎ‬ṭau‘īyan voluntarily, of one’s own free will, of one’s own accord
‫( ﻃﻴﻊ‬ṭayyi‘) obedient, compliant, submissive
‫ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ‬ṭā‘a obedience, compliance, submissiveness; (pl. -āt) pious deed (Isl.
Law) | ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑﻴﺖ‬bait aṭ-ṭ. the husband’s house to which a woman, in case of
unlawful desertion, must return (Isl. Law); ‫واﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬‫ اﻟﺴﻤﻊ‬as-sam‘ū wa-ṭ-ṭā‘atu
I hear and obey! at your service! Very well! ‫ ﲰﻌﺎ وﻃﺎﻋﺔ‬sam‘an wa-ṭā‘atan do.
‫ ﻃﻮاﻋﻴـﺔ‬ṭawā‘īya obedience | ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻃﻮاﻋﻴـﺔ‬voluntarily, of one’s own free will,

of one’s own accord
‫ ﻣﻄﻮاع‬miṭwā‘ obedient, compliant
‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻊ‬taṭwī‘ diploma of the Great Mosque of Tunis
‫ اﻃﺎﻋﺔ‬iṭā‘a obedience
‫ ﺗﻄـﻮع‬taṭawwu‘ voluntariness; volunteering; voluntary service (‫ ﰲ‬in a
branch of the armed forces); service as an unsalaried trainee, voluntary
traineeship
‫ اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬istiṭā‘a ability, capability, faculty; possibility
946
‫ ﻃـﺎﺋﻊ‬ṭā’i‘ obedient, compliant, submissive | ‫ ﻃﺎﺋﻌــﺎ او ﻛﺎرﻫـﺎ‬willingly or

unwillingly, whether I (you, etc.) will it or not
‫ ﻣﻄﻮع‬muṭawwa‘ pl. -ūn holder of the diploma issued by the Great Mosque
of Tunis; -- muṭṭawwi‘ volunteer (also mil.); unsalaried trainee
‫ ﻣﻄـﺎوع‬muṭāwi‘ obedient, compliant, submissive; yielding, pliable, pliant;
‫ اﳌﻄﺎوع‬the reflexive, frequently = the passive (gram.) | ‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻄﺎوع‬mild steel
‫ ﻣﻄﻴﻊ‬muṭī‘ obedient, compliant
‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻮع‬mutaṭawwi‘ pl. ‫ ة‬volunteer (also mil.); unsalaried trainee
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻄﺎع‬mustaṭā‘ possible, feasible | ‫ ﻗــﺪر اﳌﺴـﺘﻄﺎع‬qadra l-m. as far as
possible, as far as it is feasible; ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻄﺎع‬ (‫ ﺑﻘﺪر )ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪر‬do.
‫ )ﻃـﺎف )ﻃـﻮف‬ṭāfa u (ṭauf, ‫ ﻃـﻮاف‬ṭawāf, ‫ ﻃﻮﻓـﺎن‬ṭawafān) to go about, walk
about, ride about, travel about, move about, rove about, wander about, run
around (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in s.th.), tour (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to go, walk, ride, run (‫ب‬ ,‫ﺣـﻮل‬ around
s.th.), circumambulate (‫ ب‬,‫ ﺣﻮل‬s.th.); to make the rounds, walk around (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
among people); to circle, circuit, compass (‫ب‬ ,‫ﺣـﻮل‬ s.th.); to roam, rove,
Confidential
range (‫ ب‬s.th.); to show around, guide (‫ ب‬s.o.); to familiarize o.s., acquaint
o.s. (y with); to become acquainted (‫ ب‬with s.o., with s.th.), come to know
(‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); - (ṭauf) to appear to s.o. (‫ )ب‬in his sleep; to come (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon
s.o.), afflict (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to overflow, leave its banks (river); to swim, float,
drift II to go about, walk about, stroll about, ride about, travel about (‫ ﰲ‬in),
tour (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to go or walk around s.th. (‫)ب‬, circle, circumambulate (‫ب‬
s.th.); to show around, guide (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to let (‫ ب‬s.th.) roam (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), let
(‫ ب‬s.th.) make the rounds (‫ ب‬in), let one’s eyes (‫ )ب‬wander; to perform
the circumambulation of the Kaaba (ṭawāf) IV to surround, encompass,
encircle, circumscribe (‫ ب‬s.th.) V to move about, rove, roam, wander, walk
about
‫ ﻃـﻮف‬ṭauf round, circuit, beat; low wall, enclosure; (pl. ‫ اﻃـﻮاف‬aṭwāf)
patrol; raft made of inflated waterskins tied together
‫ ﻃ ـﻮاف‬ṭawāf round, circuit, beat; round trip, round-trip excursion;
roundtrip flight; circumambulation of the Kaaba (as part of the Islamic
pilgrimage ceremonies)
947
‫ ﻃـﻮاف‬ṭawwāf ambulant, itinerant, migrant, roving, wandering; going the

rounds, making the circuit, walking the beat; (pl. ‫ )ة‬mounted rural mail
carrier (Eg.) | ‫اﻟﻄﻮاﻓـﺔ‬ ‫ ﳏﻄـﺔ‬maḥaṭṭat aṭ-ṭ. (Eg.) circuit stations which have the
mail delivered by mounted rural mail carriers
‫ ﻃﻮاﻓـﺔ‬ṭawwāfa pl. -āt patrol boat, coastal patrol vessel (employed by the
Egyptian Coast Guard)
‫ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن‬ṭūfān flood, inundation, deluge
‫ ﻣﻄـﺎف‬maṭāf riding about, traveling, touring; round trip | ‫آل )اﻧﺘﻬـﻰ( ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ اﳌﻄﺎف اﱃ‬to end with, wind up with, arrive eventually at; ‫ ﺧﺎﲤﺔ اﳌﻄﺎف‬the end
of the matter, the final issue, the upshot of it
‫ ﺗﻄﻮاف‬taṭwāf traveling, touring, wandering, itineration, roving life
‫ ﻃـﺎﺋﻒ‬ṭā’if ambulant, itinerant, migrant, roving, wandering; one going the
rounds or making the circuit or walking the beat; one performing the ṭawāf |
‫ ﻃـﺎف ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﺎﺋﻒ‬he had a sudden impulse or urge; ‫ﻃـﺎف ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻃـﺎﺋﻒ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻘـﺪر‬
‫( اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻲ‬qadar) tragedy befell him, he met with a harsh fate
‫ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ‬aṭ-ṭā’if Taif (town in S Hejaz)
Confidential
‫ ﻃﺎﺋﻔـﺔ‬ṭā’ifa pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﺋـﻒ‬ṭawā’if2 part, portion; number; troop, band, group;
swarm, drove, bevy, covey; people; class; sect, denomination; confession,
communion; party, faction; religious minority | O ‫اﻻﺣﺴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬ ‫( اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ‬iḥsāsīya)
the impressionists; ‫اﻟﻄﻮاﺋﻒ‬ ‫ ﻣﻠﻮك‬princelings, petty kings
‫ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﻲ‬ṭā’ifī factional, sectarian, denominational, confessionalism
‫ ﻃﺎﺋﻔﻴﺔ‬ṭā’ifīya sectarianism, denominationalism; confessionalism
‫ ﻣﻄﻮف‬muṭawwif pl. -ūn pilgrims’ guide in Mecca
‫ )ﻃـﺎق )ﻃـﻮق‬ṭāqa u (ṭauq) to be able, be in a position (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to do s.th.), be
capable (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of, of doing s.th.); to be able to bear or stand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), bear,
stand, sustain, endure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to put a collar or necklace (‫ ﻃﻮﻗـﺎ‬ṭauqan)
around s.o.’s neck; to hoop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a barrel); to surround, clasp,
enwrap, ring, encompass (‫ه‬ ,‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. with), encircle (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.),
form or throw a circle or cordon (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬around s.o., around s.th.), enclose (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to play (‫ ﻫـ‬about, e.g., a smile about the lips), flit (‫ ﻫـ‬across s.th.) | ‫ﻃﻮﻗﻪ‬
‫( ﺑﺬراﻋﻴﻪ‬bi-dirā‘aihī) to take s.o. in one’s arms, embrace, hug, clasp s.o.; ‫ﻃﻮق‬
948
‫‘( ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ب‬unuqahū) to present s.o. with, bestow upon s.o. s.th. IV = I (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.th., to do s.th., of s.th. or of doing s.th.); to master (‫ ﻫـ‬a method) | ‫ﱂ ﻳﻄﻖ ﺻﱪا‬
lam yuṭiq ṣabran be could not stand or bear it, he could not control himself;
‫( ﺷﻲء ﻻ ﻳﻄﺎق‬yuṭāqu) s.th. unbearable, s.th. intolerable
‫ ﻃـﻮق‬ṭauq ability, faculty, power, strength, potency, capability, aptitude,
capacity; endurance; (pl. ‫اﻃـﻮاق‬ aṭwāq) necklace; neckband, ruff, collar;
hoop, circle | ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺠـﺎة‬ ‫( ﻃـﻮق‬najāh) life buoy; ‫ﻃﻮﻗـﻪ‬ ‫( اﺧﺮﺟـﻪ اﳊـﺰن ﻋـﻦ‬akrajahū l-
ḥuznu) grief drove him out of his mind
‫ ﻃﻮﻗﻲ‬ṭauqī collar-like, loop-shaped, ring-shaped, annular
‫ ﻃﺎق‬ṭāq pl. –āt, ‫ ﻃﻴﻘﺎن‬ṭīqān arch (arch.); (pl. -āt) stratum, layer
‫ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ṭāqa pl. -āt window
‫ ﻃﺎﻗـﺔ‬ṭāqa pl. -āt ability, faculty, capability, aptitude, capacity, power,
strength, potency; energy (phys., etc.); capacity (of a technical apparatus);
bunch, bouquet (of flowers) | ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ‬ ‫( ﰲ‬with foll. maṣdar) it is possible to ...;
‫ ﻗـﺪر اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ‬qadra ṭ-ṭ. as far as possible, in the best way possible; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗـﺪر ﻃﺎﻗﺘـﻪ‬
Confidential
according to his capability; ‫( ﻃﺎﻗـﺔ ﻣـﺪﺧﺮة‬muddakara) accumulated energy;
potential (phys.); ‫( اﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﻟﺬرﻳـﺔ‬darrīya) atomic energy, atomic power;

‫( اﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬intājīya) productive power, productional capacity, output capacity
‫ﻃﺎﻗـﺔ‬
‫ ﻃﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻖ‬taṭwīq pl. -āt encirclement, encompassment, enclosure, surrounding,
ringing
‫ اﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬iṭāqa ability, faculty, aptitude, power, capability, capacity
‫ ﻣﻄﻮق‬muṭawwaq ringdove
‫ ﻣﻄﺎق‬muṭāq bearable, endurable, tolerable
‫ ﻃﻮﻛﻴﻮ‬tōkiyō Tokyo
1‫)ﻃـﻮل‬ ‫ )ﻃـﺎل‬ṭāla u (ṭūl) to be or become long; to last long; to lengthen,
grow longer, extend, be protracted, become drawn out; to surpass, excel
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫( ﻃـﺎل ﺑـﻪ اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ ﺣـﱴ‬zamanu) it took a long time before he ...;
‫ ﻳﻄـﻮل ﰊ ﻫـﺬا‬this will (would) take me too long; ‫ﻃـﺎل اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ او ﻗﺼـﺮ‬ (zamanu,
qaṣura) sooner or later, before long II to make long or longer, lengthen,
elongate, stretch out, prolong, extend, protract (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to be very elaborate,
very detailed, very exhaustive, longwinded, prolix; to grant a delay or
949
respite (‫ ل‬to s.o.) | ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫( ﻃﻮل ﻟﻪ‬bālahū) to be patient with III to keep putting
off (‫ه‬
‫ ﰲ‬s.o. in or with s.th.); to vie for power, greatness or stature, contend,
compete (‫ ه‬with s.o.), rival, emulate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make long or longer,
lengthen, elongate, stretch out, extend, prolong, protract, draw out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
s.th.); to take too long, find no end | ‫ اﻃـﺎل ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬to keep s.o. waiting a long
time; ‫اﻃـﺎل ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬ (lisānahū) to speak in a forward manner, be pert, saucy,
insolent in speech; ‫اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬ ‫( اﻃـﺎل‬naẓara) he kept staring at him; ‫ اﻃـﺎل اﻟﻮﻗـﻮف‬he
stayed a long time VI to become long, be lengthened, be extended, be
prolonged; to stretch up, stretch o.s.; to stretch (‫ اﱃ‬for), crane one'. neck (‫اﱃ‬
at); to attack (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to become insolent, get fresh (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.); to be
insolent enough, have the cheek (‫ ل‬to do s.th.); to dare do s.th. (‫)ب‬, presume
(‫ ب‬s.th.), pretend (‫ ب‬to s.th.); to arrogate to o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬a rank) | ‫ﺑﺮأﺳـﻪ‬ ‫( ﺗﻄـﺎول‬bi-
ra’sihī) to bear one’s head high (with pride) X to be or become long; to be
or become overbearing, presumptuous, display an arrogant behavior (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Confidential
toward)
‫ ﻃﺎﳌـﺎ‬ṭālamā and ‫ ﻟﻄﺎﳌـﺎ‬la-ṭālamā how often! often, frequently (with foll.
verbal clause) | ‫ان‬ ‫( ﻃﺎﳌﺎ‬anna) while, as, the more so as
‫ ﻃﻮل‬ṭaul might, power | ‫( ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﳊﻮل واﻟﻄﻮل‬ṣ. al-ḥaul) the Almighty
‫ ﻃـﻮل‬ṭūl pl. ‫ اﻃـﻮال‬aṭwāl length; size, height, tallness | ‫ ﻃـﻮل اﻻ ة‬ṭ. al-anāh
long-suffering, longanimity, forbearance, patience; ‫ﻃــﻮل اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ‬ ṭ. an-naẓar
farsightedness, hyperopia; ‫اﻟﻄﻮل‬ ‫ ﺧﻂ‬kaṭṭ aṭ-ṭ. geographical longitude, degree

of longitude, meridian; ‫ ﻟﻄـﻮل‬and ‫ ﻃـﻮﻻ‬lengthwise, longitudinally; ‫ ﻃـﻮل‬ṭūla
(prep.) during, throughout, … long, e.g., ‫( ﻃـﻮل ﻫـﺬﻩ اﳌـﺪة‬mudda) during this
period, during all this time, ‫( ﻃـﻮل اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬nahār) all day (long); ‫ ﻃـﻮل ﻣـﺎ‬as long
as;‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻃـﻮل‬with foll. genit.) along, along, side of; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻃـﻮل‬eg.) straight
ahead; straightway, directly; at last, finally, after all; ‫ﰲ ﻃـﻮل اﻟـﺒﻼد وﻋﺮﺿـﻬﺎ‬
(wa-‘arḍihā) throughout the country, all over the country; ‫( ا ﰲ ﻃﻮﻟـﻚ‬eg.)
have mercy on me!
‫ ﻃــﻮﱄ‬ṭūlī of length, linear, longitudinal |‫( ﺧــﻂ ﻃــﻮﱄ‬kaṭṭ) geographical
longitude, degree of longitude, meridian
950
‫ ﻃﻮل‬ṭuwwal a long-legged waterfowl

‫ ﻃﻮال‬ṭawwāla, ṭiwala (prep.) during, throughout; along, alongside of
‫ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ‬ṭawīl pl. ‫ ﻃـﻮال‬ṭiwāl long; large, big, tall; high; ‫ اﻟﻄﻮﻳـﻞ‬name of a
poetical meter; ‫ ﻃـﻮﻳﻼ‬ṭawīlan long (adv.), a long time | ‫ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ اﻷﺟـﻞ‬ṭ. al-ajal
longterm, long-dated; ‫ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻷ ة‬ṭ. al-anāh long-suffering forbearing, patient;
‫ ﻃﻮﻳ ــﻞ اﻟﺒ ــﺎع‬mighty, powerful; capable, efficient; generous, liberal,
openhanded; ‫ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ اﻟـﺮوح‬ṭ. ar-rūḥ long-suffering, forbearing, patient; ‫ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ‬tall; ‫ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻠﺴﺎن‬insolent, impertinent, pert, saucy
‫ ﻃﻮال‬ṭuwāl long
‫ ﻃﻮاﻟﺔ‬ṭuwāla pl. -āt stable
‫ ﻃﻴﻠﺔ‬ṭīlata (prep.) during, throughout, … long
‫ ﻃﻮﻻﱐ‬ṭaulānī measured lengthwise, longitudinal
‫ اﻃﻮل‬aṭwal2, f. ‫ ﻃﻮﱃ‬longer, larger, bigger, taller; extremely tall, very long
‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳـﻞ‬taṭwīl lengthening, elongation, stretching, extension, prolongation,
Confidential
protraction; elaborateness, exhaustiveness, prolixity, long-windedness
‫ اﻃﺎﻟـﺔ‬iṭāla lengthening, elongation, stretching, extension, prolongation,
protraction; elaborateness, exhaustiveness, prolixity, long-windedness
‫ اﺳــﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬istiṭāla overbearing attitude, haughtiness, presumptuousness,
arrogance
‫ ﻃﺎﺋـﻞ‬ṭā’il long; huge, immense, ample, enormous (of funds); use, avail;
might, power, force | ‫اﻟﺼـﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ ﻃﺎﺋـﻞ‬ṭ. aṣ-ṣaula mighty, powerful, forceful; ‫دون‬
‫ ﻃﺎﺋـﻞ‬and ‫( )ﻻ ﻃﺎﺋـﻞ ﲢﺘـﻪ )ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ṭā’ila) of no use, of no avail, useless, unavailing,
futile; ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎز ﺑﻄﺎﺋﻞ‬to accomplish nothing, be unsuccessful, fail
‫ ﻃﺎﺋﻠــﺔ‬ṭā’ila might, power, force; vengeance, revenge, retribution,
retaliation | ‫ وﻗـﻊ ﲢـﺖ ﻃﺎﺋﻠـﺔ اﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮن‬to be subject to punishment by law; ‫ﲢـﺖ‬
‫( ﻃﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﳌﻮت‬ṭ. il-maut) under penalty of death
‫ ﻣﻄﻮل‬muṭawwal elaborate, detailed, exhaustive, circumstantial
‫ﻣﺘﻄـ ــﺎول‬mutatāwil long-extended, long-stretched, long-protacted,
prolonged, lengthy
‫ ﻣﺴــﺘﻄﻴﻞ‬mustaṭīl long, oblong, elongate(d), long-stretched; protracted,
prolonged, long drawn out; a rectangle, an oblong; a saucy, presumptuous
person
951
3‫ ﻃﺎوﻟﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻃﻮﻟﻜﺮم‬Tulkarm (town in NW Jordan)
‫ ﻃﻮﻣﺎر‬ṭūmār pl. ‫ ﻃﻮاﻣﲑ‬ṭawāmīr2 roll, scroll
‫ﺮ اﻟﻄﻮﻧﺔ‬ nahr aṭ-ṭūna the Danube river
‫( ﻃﻮﻧﻮﻻﻃﺔ‬It. tonnellata) ṭōnolāṭa ton
‫ ﻃـﻮى‬ṭawā i (‫ ﻃـﻲ‬ṭayy) to fold, fold up, fold in, fold over, fold under, roll
up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to shut, close (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a book); to keep secret, secrete, conceal, hide
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to harbor, hold, contain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to swallow up, envelop, wrap up.
Enwrap (‫ ه‬s.o.; of the dark of night); to settle finally, bury (‫ ه‬the past),
have done with s.th. in the past (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to cross, traverse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. a
country); to cover quickly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the way, the distance, ‫ اﱃ‬to); to spend, pass (‫ﻫ ـ‬
a period of time) ; to possess o.s. take possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), appropriate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); pass. ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬‫ ﻃـﻮى‬ṭuwiya ‘alā (= to be folded around or over, i.e.) to bear
(within itself), harbor, contain, involve s.th. | ‫( ﻃـﻮى اﻷرض ﻃﻴـﺎ‬l-arḍa ṭayyan)
Confidential
to rush through a country; .l.~ .s). (biodlaAu) to be finished, be done, come
to an end, finish;
up an affair;
‫ ﻃـﻮى اﻟﺒﺴـﺎط ﲟـﺎ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬to settle an affair once and for all, wind
‫( ﻃـﻮى ﺟﻮاﳓـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬jawāniḥahū) to harbor s.th., conceal s.th. in
one’s heart; ‫( ﻃـﻮى ﻛﺸـﺤﻪ )ﻛﺸـﺤﺎ( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬kašḥahū, kašḥan) and ‫ﻃـﻮى ﺻـﺪرﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
(ṣadrahū) to harbor or look (a secret) in one’s bosom, keep s.th. secret,
secrete, conceal, hide s.th.;‫( ﻃـﻮى ﺻـﻔﺤﺘﻪ‬ṣafḥatahū) to have done with s.th.,
be through with s.th., give up, abandon s.th.; ‫ ﻃـﻮى اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ اﱃ‬to hurry or rush
to;‫( ﻃـﻮى اﳌﺎﺿـﻰ ﻃـﻲ اﻟﺴـﺠﻞ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺗـﺐ‬l-māḍiya ṭayya s-sijilli) to break with the
past, let bygones be bygones; -- ‫ ﻃـﻮي‬ṭawiya a (‫ ﻃـﻮى‬ṭawan) to be hungry,
suffer hunger, starve IV = ṭawiya V to coil (snake) VII to be folded, be
folded up, in, over, or under, be rolled up, be turned (over) (page, leaf), be
shut (book, etc.); to go by, pass, elapse (time); to disappear, vanish; to be
covered (distance); to be bidden, be concealed (‫ ﲢـﺖ‬under), be enveloped,
be wrapped (‫ ﲢــﺖ‬in); to contain, comprise, encompass, comprehend,
embrace, involve, include (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to harbor, nurse, bear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬feelings, esp.
952
hatred, love) | ‫ اﻧﻄـﻮى ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to withdraw within o.s., be self-centered, be

introverted
‫ ﻃﻲ‬ṭayy concealment, biding; (pl. ‫ اﻃﻮاء‬aṭwā’) fold, pleat | ‫ ﻃﻴﻪ‬ṭayyahū and
‫( ﻃﻲ ﻫﺬا‬ṭayya) herein enclosed, herewith (in a letter); ‫( ﰲ ﻃـﻲ اﻟﻐﻴـﺐ‬ṭ. il-gaib)
secretly, covertly; ‫ﲢــﺖ )ﰲ( ﻃــﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻤــﺎن‬ (ṭ. il-kitmān) under the seal of
secrecy; ‫اﻃﻮاء‬ ‫( ﰲ‬with foll. genit.) in
‫ ﻃﻴﺔ‬ṭayya pl. -āt fold, pleat | ‫ ﲪﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻃﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬involve, comprise, contain
‫ ﻃﻴﺔ‬ṭīya intention, design | ‫ ﻣﻀـﻰ )ذﻫـﺐ( ﻟﻄﻴﺘـﻪ‬he went to his destination; he
left in order to do what he had in mind; he went his way
‫ ﻃـﻮى‬ṭawan hunger; mat | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻄـﻮى‬on an empty stomach, without having
eaten
‫ ﻃﻮﻳــﺔ‬ṭawīya pl. ‫ﻃ ـﻮا‬ ṭawāyā fold, pleat; innermost thoughts, real
conviction, true mind; intention, design; conscience | ‫ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻄﻮﻳـﺔ‬ guileless
artless; ‫( ﰲ ﻃﻮا‬with foll. genit.) inside, within, in, amid

‫ ﻃﻮاﻳﺔ‬ṭawāya pl. -āt frying pan
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻄـﻮى‬maṭwan pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎو‬maṭāwin pocket knife, penknife; pl. folds, pleats |
‫ﰲ ﻣﻄـﺎوى‬ (with foll. genit.) inside, within, in, amid;
heart, in his bosom
‫ﰲ ﻣﻄﺎوﻳـﻪ‬ inwardly, at
‫ ﻣﻄﻮاة‬miṭwah pocket knife, penknife

‫ اﻧﻄﻮاء‬inṭiwā’ introversion (psych.) | ‫( اﻻﻧﻄﻮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬nafs) do.
‫ اﻧﻄﻮاﺋﻲ‬inṭiwā’ī introverted (psych.)
‫ ﻃﺎو‬ṭāwin starved | ‫ ﻃﺎو اﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬ṭ. l-baṭn starved, lean, emaciated
‫ ﻣﻄـﻮي‬maṭwīy folded up, infolded, rolled up, etc.; ‫ ﻣﻄــﻮي ﻋﻠـﻰ‬bearing
(within itself), harboring, containing, involving s.th. | ‫ﻣﻄــﻮى اﻟﻀــﻠﻮع ﻋﻠــﻰ‬
harboring s.th. in one’s bosom
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻮ‬munṭawin: ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬self-absorbed, low-spirited, depressed
1‫)ﻃﻴـﺐ‬ ‫ )ﻃـﺎب‬ṭāba i (ṭīb, ‫ ﻃﻴﺒـﺔ‬ṭība) to be good, pleasant, agreeable; to be or
become delightful, delicious; to please (‫ ل‬s.o.), be to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬liking; to be
or become ripe, to ripen; to regain health, recover, recuperate, convalesce |
‫( ﻃﺎﺑـﺖ ﻟﻴﻠـﺘﻜﻢ‬lailatukum) may your night be pleasant! good night! ‫ﻃﺎﺑـﺖ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
953
(nafsuhū) he was gay, cheerful, cheery, in good spirits, he felt happy; ‫ﻃـﺎب‬
‫( ﻧﻔﺴﺎ ﻋﻦ‬nafsanl) to give up s.th. gladly, renounce s.th. willingly; ‫ﻃﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫( اﻟﻴـﻪ‬nafsuhū) he had a liking for it, it was to his taste II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
good, pleasant, agreeable, delightful, delicious, or sweet, to sweeten (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to scent, perfume (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to spice, season (‫ ﻫ ـ‬food), mull (‫ﻫ ـ‬
wine); to sanitate, improve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬air, drinking water); to heal, cure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
massage (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬to mollify, soothe, placate, conciliate s.o., set
s.o.’s mind at rest; ‫ﻃﻴـﺐ ﷲ ﺛـﺮاﻩ‬ (tarāhu) may God make his earth light (a
eulogy added after mentioning the name of a pious deceased) III to joke,
jest, banter, make fun (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) good, pleasant,
agreeable, delightful, delicious, or sweet, to sweeten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to perfume
o.s. X ‫ اﺳـﺘﻄﺎب‬and ‫ اﺳـﺘﻄﻴﺐ‬istaṭyaba to find or deem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) good, pleasant,

agreeable, delightful, delicious, sweet; to like (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), be fond (‫ ﻫـ‬of)
‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ‬ṭīb goodness; (pl. ‫ ﻃﻴـﻮب‬ṭuyūb) scent, perfume | ‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ اﻟﻌـﺮق‬ṭ. al-‘irq
Confidential
noble birth, noble descent; ‫اﻟﻄﻴﺐ‬ ‫ ﺟﻮز‬jauz aṭ-ṭ. nutmeg
‫ ﻃﻴــﺐ‬ṭayyib good; pleasant, agreeable; delicious; gay; well-disposed,
friendly, kindly; well, in good health | ‫ﻃﻴـﺐ اﳋﻠـﻖ‬ ṭ. al-kulq good-natured,
genial; ‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ اﻟﺮﳛـﺔ‬sweet-smelling, fragrant, sweet-scented; ‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ اﻟﻌـﺮق‬ṭ. a1-
‘irq highborn, of noble descent; ‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬ṭ. an-nafs gay, cheerful, cheery,
in high spirits
‫ ﻃﻴﺒـﺎت‬ṭayyibāt nice, pleasant things; gustatory delights, pleasures of the
table
‫ ﻃﻴﺒـﺔ‬ṭība goodness; good nature, geniality | ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻃﻴﺒـﺔ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ‬gladly, most
willingly, with pleasure
‫ ﻃـﻮﰉ‬ṭūbā blessedness, beatitude; Beatitude (title of honor of a patriarch;
Chr.)
‫ ﻃﻴﺎب‬ṭayāb, ṭiyāb (eg.) north wind
‫ ﻃﻴﺎب‬ṭayyāb pl. -ūn masseur
‫ اﻃﻴـﺐ‬aṭyab2 better; -- pl. ‫ اﻃﺎﻳـﺐ‬aṭāyib2 the best parts (of s.th.); pleasures,
comforts, amenities; delicacies, dainties
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻳﺐ‬maṭāyib2 comforts, amenities (e.g., of life)
954
‫ ﻣﻄﺎﻳﺒﺔ‬muṯāyaba pl. -āt banter, joke, jest, teasing remark

‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺐ‬ṭā’ib unobjectionable (‫ ل‬for; Isl. Law)
‫ ﻣﻄﻴﺐ‬muṭayyab bouquet, bunch (of flowers)
2‫ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ‬ṭība2 Thebes
‫ )ﻃﺎح )ﻃﻴﺢ‬ṭaḥa i (ṭaiḥ) to perish, die II to lose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ )ﻃﺎر )ﻃﲑ‬ṭāra i (‫ ﻃـﲑان‬ṭayarān) to fly; to fly away, fly off, take to the wing;
to hasten, hurry, rush, fly (‫ اﱃ‬to); to be in a state of commotion, be jubilant,
exult, rejoice; ‫ب‬ ‫ ﻃـﺎر‬to snatch away, carry away, carry off (s.o., s.th.) | ‫ﻃـﺎر‬
‫ﲞﻴﺎﻟـﻪ‬ (bi-kayālihī) to let one’s imagination wander to; ‫ﻃـﺎر ﻟـﻪ ﺻـﻴﺖ ﰲ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬
(ṣīt) his fame spread among people, he became well-known; ‫ﻃــﺎر ﻃــﺎﺋﺮﻩ‬
(ṭā’iruhū) to become angry, blow one’s top; ‫ﻋﻘﻠـﻪ‬ ‫‘( ﻃـﺎر‬aqluhū) to lose one’s
mind, go crazy; ‫( ﻃـﺎر ﻓـﺆادﻩ )روﺣـﻪ( ﺷـﻌﺎﻋﺎ‬fu’āduhū, rūḥuhū ša‘ā‘an) his mind
became confused, he became all mixed up; ‫( ﻃـﺎر ﻓﺮﺣـﺎ‬faraḥan) to be beside
o.s. with joy, be overjoyed; ‫ﺑﻠﺒـﻪ‬
‫( ﻃـﺎر‬bi-lubbihī) to drive s.o. out of his mind;
Confidential
‫( ﻃـﺎر ﺑﺼـﻮاﺑﻪ‬bi-ṣawābihī) to make s.o. unconscious II to make or let fly (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.), to fly, send up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a balloon, a kite); to pass on
promptly, dispatch posthaste, forward without delay, rush, shoot (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th.
to, esp. a report, a message); to knock out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., an eye, a tooth) | ‫ﻃﲑ‬
‫( رأﺳﻪ‬ra’sahū) to chop off s.o.’s head, behead s.o. IV to make or let fly (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬
s.o., s.th.), to fly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to blow away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; of the wind); to make (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) disappear at once, dispel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to see an evil omen (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬in)
VI to be scattered, be dispersed, scatter, disperse, spread, diffuse; to be
exuded, rise (fragrance); to fly apart, fly about, fly in all directions (esp.
sparks); to vanish, disappear, be dispelled X to make fly, cause to fly (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to knock (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) out of s.o.’s hand; to alarm or upset seriously (‫ه‬
s.o.), agitate, excite (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); = VI; pass. ‫اﺳـﺘﻄﲑ‬ ustuṭīra to be
terrified | ‫ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫‘( اﺳﺘﻄﲑ‬aqluhū) to go out of one’s mind (with astonishment or
fright)
955
‫ ﻃـﲑ‬ṭair (coll. and n. un.) pl. ‫ ﻃﻴـﻮر‬ṭuyūr, ‫ اﻃﻴـﺎر‬aṭyār birds, bird; augury,
omen; ‫ﻃﻴـﻮر‬ poultry; fowl | ‫ ﻃﻴـﻮر ﺟﺎرﺣـﺔ‬predatory birds, birds of prey; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻴــﻮر‬ ‘ilm aṭ-ṭuyūr ornithology; ‫( ﻛــﺄن ﻋﻠــﻰ رؤوﺳــﻬﻢ اﻟﻄــﲑ‬ka’anna, ṭaira)
motionless or silent with awe
‫ ﻃﲑة‬ṭaira commotion, agitation (of anger, wrath); flight; female bird
‫ ﻃﲑة‬ṭīra, ṭiyāra evil omen, portent, foreboding
‫ ﻃﻴﺎر‬ṭayyār flying; evanescent, fleeting; volatile (liquid); floating, wafting,
hovering; (pl. -ūn) flyer, aviator, pilot | ‫زﻳـﻮت ﻃﻴـﺎرة‬ volatile oils; ‫ﻃﻴـﺎر اول‬
(awwal) a military rank, approx.: first lieutenant of the Air Force (Eg.
1939); ‫ن‬ ‫( ﻃﻴﺎر‬ṭānin) approx.: second lieutenant of the Air Force (Eg. 1939)
‫ ﻃﻴـﺎرة‬ṭayyāra pl. -āt aviatrix, woman pilot; airplane, aircraft, kite (toy) |
‫ﻃﻴـﺎرة ر ﺿـﻴﺔ‬ (riyāḍīya) sport plane; ‫ﻃﻴـﺎرة ﻗﺬاﻓـﺔ‬ (qaddāfa) bomber; ‫ﻃﻴـﺎرة ﻣﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬
seaplane
‫ ﻃـﲑان‬ṭayarān flying, flight; aviation, aeronautics | ‫( ﻃـﲑان ﻠـﻮاﱐ‬bahlawānī)
‫( ﻃـﲑان ﺷـﺮاﻋﻲ‬širā‘ī) glider flying, gliding; ‫ ﺧﻄـﻮط اﻟﻄـﲑان‬airlines;
stunt flying;
Confidential
‫ ﺳﻼح اﻟﻄﲑان‬air force; ‫ وزﻳﺮ اﻟﻄﲑان‬minister of aviation
‫ ﻣﻄﺎر‬maṭār pl. -āt airfield, airport | O ‫ ﻣﻄﺎر ﻋﺎﺋﻢ‬aircraft carrier
‫ ﻣﻄﺎرة‬maṭāra airfield, airport
‫ ﻣﻄﲑ‬maṭīr airfield, airport
‫ ﺗﻄﲑ‬taṭayyur pessimism
‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ‬ṭā’ir flying; flyer, aviator, pilot; (pl. -āt, ‫ ﻃﲑ‬ṭair) bird; omen, presage |
‫ﺳـﻜﻮن اﻟﻄـﺎﺋﺮ‬ graveness, sedateness; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻄـﺎﺋﺮ اﳌﻴﻤـﻮن‬ (maimūn) good luck |
Godspeed! (said to s.o. setting out on a journey); ‫ﻃـﺎر ﻃـﺎﺋﺮﻩ‬ (ṭā’iruhū) to
become angry, blow one’s top
‫ ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة‬ṭā’ira pl. -āt airplane, aircraft | ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﱳ اﻟﻄـﺎﺋﺮة‬maṭni ṭ-ṭ.) aboard the
airplane; by (air)plane (e.g., traveling); ‫ﲝﺮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻃﺎﺋﺮة‬baḥrīya) seaplane; O ‫ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة‬
‫( دورﻳـﺔ‬daurīya) (short-range) reconnaissance plane, observation plane; ‫ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة‬
‫( ﺷـﺮاﻋﻴﺔ‬širā‘īya) sailplane, glider; ‫ ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة اﳌﻄـﺎردة‬ṭ. al-muṭārada fighter, pursuit
plane, interceptor; ‫‘( ﻃــﺎﺋﺮة ﻋﻤﻮدﻳــﺔ‬amūdīya) helicopter; ‫ ﻃــﺎﺋﺮة اﻟﻘﺘــﺎل‬light
bomber, combat plane; ‫ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة اﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠـﺔ‬ ṭ. al-muqāṭala do.; O ‫ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة اﻻﻧﻘﻀـﺎض‬ or
956
‫ ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة اﻧﻘﻀﺎﺿـﻴﺔ‬dive bomber; ‫ ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة ﻣﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬seaplane; ‫( ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة ﻧﻔﺎﺛـﺔ‬naffāṭa) jet plane;

‫ ﻃـﺎﺋﺮة اﻟﻨﻘـﻞ‬ṭ. an-naql transport (plane); O ‫ ﺣـﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻄــﺎﺋﺮات‬and O ‫ﻗــﻼت‬
‫ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات‬aircraft carrier
‫ ﻣﺘﻄﲑ‬mutaṭayyir pessimist
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻄﲑ‬mustaṭīr imminent, impending, threatening (of disaster); scattered,
dispersed; spread out, spread all over, scattered about; widespread; pessimist
‫)ﻃـﺎش )ﻃـﻴﺶ‬ ṭāša i (ṭaiš, ‫ﻃﻴﺸـﺎن‬ ṭayašān) to be inconstant, changeable,
fickle, lightheaded, thoughtless, heedless, frivolous, reckless, undecided,
confused, helpless, aimless, desultory; to miss the mark (of an arrow, also
‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻐـﺮض‬to stray (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from the target), miss (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬a spot, e.g., said of the
hand) | ‫( ﻃـﺎش ﺳـﻬﻤﻪ‬sahmuhū) to be on the wrong track, bark up the wrong
tree, be unsuccessful, fail; ‫( ﻃﺎش ﺻﻮاﺑﻪ‬ṣawābuhū) to lose one’s head
‫ ﻃـﻴﺶ‬ṯaiš inconsistency, fickleness; recklessness, heedlessness, rashness;
thoughtlessness; lightheadedness, levity, frivolity
‫ ﻃﻴﺎﺷــﺎن‬ṭayašān inconstancy, fickleness; recklessness, heedlessness,
Confidential
rashness; thoughtlessness; lightheadedness, levity, frivolity
‫ ﻃﻴﺎﺷﺔ‬ṭiyāša inconstancy, fickleness; recklessness, heedlessness, rashness;
thoughtless; lightheadedness, levity, frivolity
‫ ﻃــﺎﺋﺶ‬ṭā’iš inconstant, changeable, fickle; lightheaded, frivolous;
thoughtless, heedless, reckless; undecided, confused, perplexed, helpless;
aimless, desultory, purposeless
‫ )ﻃﺎف )ﻃﻴﻒ‬ṭāfa i (ṭaif) to appear to s.o. (‫ )ب‬in his sleep (of a specter)
‫ ﻃﻴــﻒ‬ṭaif pl. ‫ اﻃﻴــﺎف‬aṭyāf, ‫ ﻃﻴــﻮف‬ṭuyūf fantacy, phantasm; vision,
apparition; phantom, specter, ghost; spectrum (phys.)
‫ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ‬ṭaifī spectral, spectroscopic
‫ ﻣﻄﻴﺎف‬miṭyāf spectroscope | ‫( ﻣﻄﻴﺎف ﻣﺼﻮر‬muṣawwir) spectrograph
‫ ﻃﻴﻠﺔ‬see ‫ﻃﻮل‬
‫ ﻃﻴﻠﺴـﺎن‬ṭailasān pl. ‫ ﻃﻴﺎﻟﺴـﺔ‬ṭayālisa a shawl-like garment worn over head
and shoulders
‫ ﻃﲔ‬II to daub or coat with clay (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻃـﲔ‬ṭīn pl. ‫ اﻃﻴـﺎن‬aṭyān clay, potter’s clay, argil; soil; basis, foundation |
‫( اﻟﻄـﲔ اﳋـﺰﰲ‬kazafī) kaolin, porcelain clay; ‫ زاد اﻟﻄـﲔ ﺑﻠـﺔ‬zāda ṭ-ṭīna ballatan to
make things worse, aggravate or complicate the situation
957
‫ ﻃﻴﻨﺔ‬ṭīna clay, potter’s clay, argil; stuff, material, substance (of which s.th.
is made); kind, specific character, disposition, constitution, nature
‫ ﻃﻴﺎن‬ṭayyān mortar carrier, hod carrier
Confidential
958
‫ظ‬
‫ ﻇﺎء‬ẓā’ name of the letter ‫ظ‬
‫ ﻇﺌﺮ‬ẓi’r wet nurse
‫ ﻇﱯ‬ẓaby pl. ‫ ﻇﺒﺎء‬ẓibā’ gazelle (Gazella dorcas)
‫ ﻇﺒﻴﺔ‬ẓabya pl. ẓabayāt female gazelle
‫ ﻇﺮ‬ẓirr sharp-edged stone, flint
‫ ﻇﺮ ن‬ẓaribān, ẓirbān pl. ‫ ﻇﺮاﺑﲔ‬ẓarābīn2, ‫ ﻇﺮاﰊ‬ẓarābīy polecat, fitchew
‫ ﻇـﺮف‬ẓarufa u (ẓarf, ‫ ﻇﺮاﻓـﺔ‬ẓarāfa) to be charming, chic, nice, elegant, neat;
to be witty, full of esprit II to adorn, embellish, polish (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.),
impart charm (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to put (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) into an envelope, cover
or wrap, to envelop, wrap up, cover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to affect charm or elegance,
display affectedness; to show o.s. elegant, witty, full of esprit VI = V; I to
deem or find (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) elegant, charming, adroit, witty, etc.
‫ﻇـ ــﺮف‬ ẓarf elegance, gracefulness, grace, charm; cleverness,
Confidential
resourcefulness; wittiness, esprit; -- (pl. ‫ﻇـﺮوف‬ ẓurūf) vessel, receptacle,
container; covering, wrap, cover; (letter) envelope; capsule, case; (gram.)
adverb denoting place or time; pl. ‫ ﻇـﺮوف‬circumstances, conditions | ‫ ﺑﻈـﺮف‬or
‫ﰲ ﻇـﺮف‬ within, in a (given) period of; ‫ﻇـﺮوف ﳐﻔﻔـﺔ‬ (mukaffifa) and ‫ﻇـﺮوف‬
‫اﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴـﻒ‬ extenuating circumstances; ‫ﻇـﺮوف ﻣﺸـﺪدة‬ (mušaddida) aggravating
circumstances; ‫ﲝﺴـﺐ اﻟﻈـﺮوف‬ bi-ḥasabi aẓ-ẓ. according to circumstances,
depending on the circumstances
‫ ﻇـﺮﰲ‬ẓarfī adverbial | ‫( ﺑﻴﻨـﺔ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺔ‬bayyina) or ‫ دﻟﻴـﻞ ﻇـﺮﰲ‬dalīl circumstantial
evidence
‫ ﻇﺮﻳـﻒ‬ẓarīf pl. ‫ ﻇﺮﻓـﺎء‬ẓurafā’2, f. ‫ ﻇﺮاﺋـﻒ‬ẓarā’if elegant, graceful, charming;
full of esprit, witty, nice, fine
‫ ﻇﺮاﻓﺔ‬ẓarāfa elegance, gracefulness, grace, charm; esprit, wittiness
‫ ﺗﻈﺮﻳﻒ‬taẓrīf wittiness, brilliant and witty manner
‫ ﺗﻈﺮف‬taẓarruf gracefulness, grace, elegance, charm, wittiness, esprit
‫ ﻣﻈﺮوف‬maẓrūf pl. ‫ ﻣﻈﺎرﻳﻒ‬maẓārīf2 envelope
‫ ﻣﺘﻈﺮف‬mutaẓarrif elegant, dandy, fop
959
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻈﺮف‬mustaẓraf elegant | ‫ اﺻﻨﺎف ﻣﺴﺘﻈﺮﻓﺔ‬luxury articles, fancy goods

‫ ﻇﻌﻦ‬ẓa‘ana a (ẓa‘n) to move away, leave, depart
‫ ﻇﻌﻦ‬ẓa‘n departure, start, journey, trek (esp. of a caravan)
‫ ﻇﻌﻴﻨـﺔ‬ẓa‘īna pl. ‫ ﻇﻌـﻦ‬ẓu‘un, ‫ اﻇﻌـﺎن‬aẓ‘ān camel-borne sedan chair for
women; a woman in such a sedan
‫ ﻇﺎﻋﻦ‬ẓā‘in ephemeral, transient, transitory
‫ ﻇﻔــﺮ‬ẓafira a (ẓafar) to be successful, succeed, be victorious, be
triumphant; to gain a victory (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬over), conquer, vanquish, defeat,
overcome, surmount, overwhelm (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), get the better (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or
‫ ب‬of s.o., of s.th.); to seize (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), take posession (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ب‬
of s.o., of s.th.); to get, obtain, attain, achieve, gain, win (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.) II
to grant victory (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. over), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) triumph, render (‫ه‬
s.o.) victorious (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬over) IV = II; VI to ally, enter into an alliance or
confederacy, join forces (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against)
Confidential
‫ ﻇﻔـﺮ‬ẓufur, ẓufr, ẓifr pl. ‫ اﻇﻔـﺎر‬aẓfār, ‫ اﻇـﺎﻓﺮ‬aẓāfir2, ‫ اﻇــﺎﻓﲑ‬aẓāfīr2 nail,
fingernail; toenail; claw, talon | ‫ ﻣـﻦ )ﻣﻨـﺬ( ﻧﻌﻮﻣـﺔ اﻇﻔـﺎرﻩ‬from (the days of) his
earliest youth, since his earliest youth or adolescence; ‫ ﻋـﻢ اﻟﻈﻔـﺮ‬youthful, of
tender age
‫ ﻇﻔﺮ‬ẓafar victory, triumph
‫ ﻇﻔـﺮ‬ẓafir victorious, successful, triumphant; (pl. ‫ )ﻇﻔـﺮان‬young man, youth
(ḥij.)
‫ اﻇﻔﻮر‬uẓfūr pl. ‫ اﻇﺎﻓﲑ‬aẓāfīr2 nail, fingernail, toenail; claw, talon
‫ ﻇﺎﻓﺮ‬ẓāfir victorious, triumphant; successful; victor, conqueror
‫ ﻣﻈﻔﺮ‬muẓaffar victorious, successful, triumphant
‫ ﻇـﻞ‬ẓalla (1st pers. perf. ẓaliltu) a (ẓall. ‫ ﻇﻠـﻮل‬ẓulūl) to be; to become, turn
into, grow into; (with foll. imperf., participle or ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬:) to continue to do s.th.,
go on doing s.th., persevere in doing s.th.,
stick to s.th., remain, persist in, e.g., ‫اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ‬ ‫( ﻇـﻞ ﻳﺴـﻜﻦ‬yaskunu l-baita) he
continued to live in the house; ‫ﺻـﺎﻣﺘﺎ‬ ‫ ﻇـﻞ‬he remained silent, persisted in his
silence; ‫ﻇـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﻮﻗـﻒ‬ (mauqif) to persist in a standpoint or attitude II to
960
shade, overshadow (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.), cast a shadow (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ over s.o., over
s.th.); to screen, shelter, protect (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to preserve, guard,
maintain, keep up
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV = II; V to be shaded (‫ ب‬by), sit in the shadow (‫ ب‬of) X = V;
to protect o.s. from the sun (‫ ب‬by or through s.th.), hide in the shadow (‫ب‬
of s.th.), seek the shadow (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to place s.o. under the protection or
patronage of s.o. (‫)ب‬, seek shelter or refuge with s.o. (‫)ب‬, be under the
patronage or protection of s.o. (‫)ب‬
‫ ﻇـﻞ‬ẓill pl. ‫ ﻇـﻼل‬ẓilāl, ‫ ﻇﻠـﻮل‬ẓulūl, ‫ اﻇـﻼل‬aẓlāl shadow, shade, umbra;
shelter, protection, patronage; shading, hub; slightest indication, semblance,
trace, glimpse (of s.th.); tangent (geom.) | ‫ﻇـﻞ‬ ‫( ﰲ‬with foll. genit.) under the
protection or patronage of, under the auspices of; under the sovereignty of;
‫ ﲢﺖ ﻇﻞ‬under the protection or patronage of, under the auspices of; ‫ﺛﻘﻴﻞ اﻟﻈﻞ‬
insufferable, repugnant (of a person); ‫اﻟﻈـﻞ‬ ‫ ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ‬likable, nice (of a person);
‫( اﺳـﺘﺜﻘﻞ ﻇﻠـﻪ‬istatqala) to dislike s.o., find s.o. in sufferable, unbearable, a
Confidential
bore; ‫ ﺗﻘﻠــﺺ )ﻗﻠــﺺ( ﻇﻠــﻪ‬taqallaṣa ẓilluhū his prestige or authority faded,
diminished; it decreased, diminished, dwindled away, waned
‫ ﻇﻠـﺔ‬ẓulla pl. ‫ ﻇﻠـﻞ‬ẓulal awning. marquee, canopy, sheltering hut or tent,
shelter; shack, shanty; kiosk, stall; beach chair
‫ ﻇﻠﻴﻞ‬ẓalīl shady, shaded, umbrageous
‫ ﻣﻈﻠـﺔ‬miẓalla, maẓalla pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻈـﺎل‬umbrella, parasol, sunshade; lamp
shade; awning; O veranda, porch | ‫اﳌﻈﻠـﺔ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪ‬īd al-m. Feast of Tabernacles,
Sukkoth (Jud.); ‫( ﻣﻈﻠـﺔ واﻗﻴـﺔ‬wāqiya) parachute; ‫ ﻣﻈﻠـﺔ ﻫﺎﺑﻄـﺔ‬do.; ‫ﺟﻨـﺪي اﳌﻈﻠـﺔ‬
jundī al-m. pl. ‫ )ﺟﻨﻮد اﳌﻈﻼت )اﳌﻈﻠﺔ‬paratrooper
‫ ﻣﻈﻠﻰ‬miẓallī pl. -ūn paratrooper; pl. paratroops, airborne troops
‫ ﻣﻈﻠﻞ‬muẓallil shady, shadowy, umbrageous, shading, causing shadow
‫ ﻣﻈﻞ‬muẓill shady, shadowy, umbrageous, shading, causing shadow
‫ ﻇﻠﻊ‬ẓala‘a a (ẓal‘) to limp, walk with a limp, walk lamely
‫ ﻇﻠﻊ‬ẓali‘ lame
‫ ﻇﻠﻒ‬ẓilf pl. ‫ ﻇﻠﻮف‬ẓulūf, ‫ اﻇﻼف‬cloven hoof
961
‫ ﻇﻠـﻢ‬ẓalama i (ẓalm, ẓulm) to do wrong or evil; to wrong, treat unjustly,

ill-treat, oppress, beset, harm, suppress, tyrannize (‫ ه‬s.o.), commit outrage
(‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to act the tyrant, act tyrannically (‫ ه‬toward or against s.o.); --
ẓalima a and IV to be or grow dark, dusky, gloomy, murky, tenebrous,
darken, darkle V to complain (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of, about) VII and VIII ‫ اﻇﻠـﻢ‬iẓẓalama to
suffer injustice, be wronged
‫ ﻇﻠـﻢ‬ẓulm wrong; iniquity; injustice, inequity, unfairness; oppression,
repression, suppression, tyranny; ‫ ﻇﻠﻤﺎ‬ẓulman unjustly, wrongfully
‫ ﻇﻠﻤـﺔ‬ẓulma pl. -āt, ẓulumāt, ẓulamāt, ‫ ﻇﻠـﻢ‬ẓulam darkness, duskiness,
gloom, murkiness | ‫اﻟﻈﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫ ﲝﺮ‬baḥr aẓ-ẓ. the Atlantic Ocean
‫ ﻇﻠﻤﺎء‬ẓalmā’2 darkness | ‫( ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻇﻠﻤﺎء‬laila) pitch-dark night
‫ ﻇﻼم‬ẓalām darkness, duskiness, gloom, murkiness
‫ ﻇــﻼم‬ẓalām evildoer, villain, malefactor, rogue, scoundrel, tyrant,
oppressor
‫ ﻇﻠﻴﻢ‬ẓalīm pl. ‫ ﻇﻠﻤﺎن‬ẓilmān male ostrich
Confidential
‫ ﻇﻼﻣﺔ‬ẓulāma pl. -āt misdeed, wrong, iniquity, injustice, outrage
‫ ﻇﻼﻣـﺔ‬aẓlam2 darker, duskier, gloomier, murkier; a viler, more infamous,
more heinous villain
‫ ﻣﻈﻠﻤــﺔ‬maẓlima pl. ‫ ﻣﻈــﺎﱂ‬maẓālim2 misdeed, wrong, iniquity. act of
injustice, outrage
‫ اﻇﻼم‬iẓlām darkness, gloom
‫ ﻇـﺎﱂ‬ẓālim pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻇـﻼم‬ẓullām, ‫ ﻇﻠﻤـﺔ‬ẓalama unjust, unfair, iniquitous,
tyrannical, oppressing; tyrant, oppressor; offender, transgressor, sinner
‫ ﻣﻈﻠﻮم‬maẓlūm wronged, ill-treated, unjustly treated, tyrannized
‫ ﻣﻈﻠﻢ‬muẓlim dark, dusky, gloomy, tenebrous, murky
‫ ﻇﻤﺊ‬ẓami’a a (‫ ﻇﻤﺄ‬ẓama’, ‫ ﻇﻤﺎء‬ẓamā’, ‫ ﻇﻤﺎءة‬ẓamā’a) to thirst, be thirsty II
to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) thirst
‫ ﻇﻢء‬ẓim’, ‫ ﻇﻤﺄ‬and ‫ ﻇﻤﺎء‬ẓamā’ thirst
‫ ﻇﻤﺂن‬ẓam’ān, f. ‫ ﻇﻤﺄى‬ẓam’ā thirsty
‫ ﻇﺎﻣﺊ‬ẓāmi’ thirsty
962
‫ ﻇـﻦ‬ẓanna (1st pers. perf. ẓanantu) u (ẓann) to think, believe, assume,

presume, suppose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bold, think, deem, consider (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ه ه‬s.o. to
be s.o. or s.th.; ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to be s.th.); to suspect (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ ﻇﻨـﻪ ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ‬to
think s.o. capable of doing s.th., believe of s.o. that he would do s.th.; ‫ﻻ اﻇﻦ‬
‫( اﺣﺪا ﻳﻨﻜﺮ‬aḥadan yunkiru) I don’t think that anyone can deny; ‫ﻻ اﻇﻨـﻚ ﲣـﺎﻟﻔﲏ‬
(tukālifunī) I don’t believe that you can contradict me; ‫ﻇـﻦ ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻟﻘـﺪرة ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
(qudrata) he considered him capable of ...; ‫اﻟﻈﻨـﻮن‬ ‫( ﻇـﻦ ﺑـﻪ‬ẓunūna) to think ill
of s.o., have a low opinion of s.o.; ‫( ﻇـﻦ ﺑـﻪ اﻟﻐﺒـﺎء‬gabā’a) to suspect s.o. of
stupidity IV to suspect (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to surmise, form conjectures
‫ ﻇــﻦ‬ẓann pl. ‫ ﻇﻨــﻮن‬ẓunūn opinion, idea, assumption, view, belief,
supposition; doubt, uncertainty | ‫اﻟﻈﻦ‬ ‫ ﺣﺴﻦ‬ḥusn aẓ-ẓ. good opinion; ‫ﺳﻮء اﻟﻈﻦ‬
sū’ aẓ-ẓ. low opinion, distrust; ‫ ﰲ اﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﻈﻦ‬or ‫ﰲ اﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻈﻦ‬
most probably, most likely; ‫ان‬ ‫ اﻛﺜـﺮ اﻟﻈـﻦ‬it is very likely that ...; ‫ﻇﻨـﺎ ﻣﻨـﻪ ان‬
Confidential
(ẓannan) since he believed that ...; ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻇﻨـﻚ ب‬ẓannuka) what is one to think
of ...; ‫( ﺣﺴـﻦ ﻇﻨـﻪ ب‬ḥasuna ẓannuhū) to have a good opinion of s.o., think
well of s.o.; ‫( اﺣﺴـﻦ اﻟﻈـﻦ ب‬aḥsana ẓ-ẓanna) do.; ‫ﺳـﺎء ﺑـﻪ ﻇﻨـﺎ‬
opinion of s.o., think ill of s.o.; ‫( اﺳﺎء اﻟﻈﻦ ب‬asā’a) do.
to have a low
‫ ﻇ ــﲏ‬ẓannī resting on mere assumption, presumptive, supposed,

hypothetical
‫ ﻇﻨﺔ‬ẓinna pl. ‫ ﻇﻨﻦ‬ẓinan suspicion, misgiving
‫ ﻇﻨـﲔ‬ẓanīn suspicious, suspect(ed); unreliable, untrustworthy (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with
regard to); a suspect
‫ ﻇﻨﻮن‬ẓanūn suspicious, distrustful
‫ ﻣﻈﻨـﺔ‬maẓinna pl. ‫ ﻣﻈـﺎن‬maẓānn2 time or place where one expects s.th.;
(with foll. genit. or suffix) place where s.th. or s.o. is presumably to be
found, its most likely location, the most likely place for it (or him) to be;
suspicion, misgiving |‫ اﻟﺘﻤﺴـﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻈﺎﻧـﻪ‬I looked for him where I expected to
find him, where he presumably was; ‫ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻈﺎﻧـﻪ‬in places where he couldn’t
possibly be
‫ ﻣﻈﻨﻮن‬maẓnūn supposed, presumed, assumed; suspicious, suspect(ed)
963
‫ ﻇﻨﺒﻮب‬ẓanbūb pl. ‫ ﻇﻨﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ẓanābīb2 shinbone

‫ ﻇﻬـﺮ‬ẓahara a (‫ ﻇﻬـﻮر‬ẓuhūr) to be or become visible, perceptible, distinct,
manifest, clear, apparent, evident, obvious (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come to light, appear,
manifest itself, come into view, show, emerge, crop up; to appear, seem (‫ل‬
to s.o.); to break out (disease); to come out; to appear, be published (book,
periodical); to arise, result (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to ascend, climb, mount (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
gain the upperhand, to triumph (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over), get the better (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of), overcome,
overwhelm, conquer, vanquish (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.); to get (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.) into one’s power;
to gain or have knowledge (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), come to know (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), become
acquainted (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with); to know (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to learn, receive information
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about); to be cognizant (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of); to learn (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) II to endorse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
bill of exchange) III to help, assist, aid, support (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make visible,
make apparent, show, demonstrate, present, produce, bring to light, expose,
disclose, divulge, reveal, manifest, announce, proclaim, make known,
expound, set forth (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to develop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬film; phot.); to grant victory ( ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Confidential
‫ ه‬to s.o. over), render victorious (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. over); to acquaint (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o.
with s.th.), initiate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. into s.th.), give knowledge or information
(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o. about), inform, enlighten (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ه‬s.o. about), explain (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬to
s.o. s.th.); to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) in on s.th. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) realize (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to
show, reveal (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o. s.th.); to articulate fully VI to manifest, display,
show outwardly, exhibit, parade (‫ ب‬s.th.); to feign, affect, pretend, simulate,
(‫ ب‬s.th.), act as if, make out as if (‫ ;)ب‬to demonstrate, make a public
demonstration; to help one another, make common cause (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against) X to
show, demonstrate, expose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to memorize, learn by heart (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
know by heart (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to seek help, assistance, or support (‫ ب‬with), appeal

for help, for assistance (‫ ب‬to ‫س‬.o.); to overcome, surmount, conquer,
vanquish (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.), have or gain the upperhand (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over), get the
better (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of)
‫ ﻇﻬﺮ‬ẓahr cast iron | ‫ ﻇﻬﺮ اﳊﺪﻳﺪ‬and ‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬see ‫زﻫﺮ‬
964
‫ ﻇﻬﺮ‬ẓahr pl. ‫ ﻇﻬﻮر‬ẓuhūr, ‫ اﻇﻬﺮ‬aẓhur back; rear, rear part, rear aide, reverse;
flyleaf; deck (of a steamer); upper part, top, surface; ‫ ﻇﻬـﻮرات‬ẓuhūrāt (as a
genit.; eg.) pro tempore, provisional, temporary | ‫ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ اﻟﻈﻬـﺮ‬silsilat aẓ-ẓ.
spine, vertebral column; ‫ﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬ ‫ ﻇﻬﺮا‬ẓahran li-baṭnin upside down, topsy-turvy;
‫‘( ﻇﻬـﺮا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻘـﺐ‬aqib) from the ground up, radically, entirely, completely;
‫ ﺑﻈﻬــﺮ اﻟﻐﻴــﺐ‬bi-ẓ. il-gaib behind s.o.’s back, insidiously, treacherously;
secretly, stealthily, clandestinely; ‫ ﺑـﲔ اﻇﻬـﺮﻫﻢ‬in their midst, among them; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ﺑـﲔ اﻇﻬـﺮ‬from our midst, from among us; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻇﻬـﺮ‬on (e.g., on the ground,
on the water. etc.), ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﺧﺮة‬on board the steamer; ‫( ﻋـﻦ ﻇﻬـﺮ اﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‬ẓ. al-
qalb), ‫( ﻋـﻦ ﻇﻬـﺮ ﻗﻠـﺐ‬ẓ. qalbin) or ‫( ﻋـﻦ ﻇﻬـﺮ اﻟﻐﻴـﺐ‬ẓ. il-gaib) by heart; ‫ﻣﺴـﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫( ﻇﻬﻮرات‬mustakdam) temporary employee

‫ ﻇﻬﺮ‬ẓuhr pl. ‫ اﻇﻬـﺎر‬aẓhār noon, midday; (f.) midday prayer (Isl. Law) | ‫ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬in the afternoon, p.m.; ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬in the forenoon, a.m.
Confidential
‫ ﻇﻬـﺮي‬ẓihrī: ‫ ﻧﺒـﺬﻩ )ﻃﺮﺣـﻪ( ﻇﻬـﺮ‬to pay no attention to s.th., not to care about
s.th. disregard s.th.
‫ ﻇﻬـﲑ‬ẓahīr helper, assistant, aid, supporter; partisan, backer; back (in
soccer); (mor.) decree, edict, ordinance
‫ ﻇﻬــﻮر‬ẓuḥūr appearance; visibility, conspicuousness; pomp, splendor,
show, ostentation, window-dressing | ‫ ﺣﺐ اﻟﻈﻬﻮر‬ḥubb aẓ-ẓ. ostentatiousness,
love of pomp; ‫اﻟﻈﻬﻮر‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻴﺪ‬īd aẓ-ẓ. Epiphany (Chr.)

‫ اﻟﻈﻬـﺮان‬aẓ-ẓahrān Dhahran (town in extensive oil region of E Saudi
Arabia)
‫ ﺑﲔ ﻇﻬﺮاﻧﻴﻬﻢ‬baina ẓahrānaihim in their midst, among them
‫ ﻇﻬﺎرة‬ẓahāra outside, right side (of a garment); blanket (e.g., of a mule)
‫ ﻇﻬﲑة‬ẓahīra noon, midday, midday heat
‫ اﻇﻬﺮ‬aẓhar2 more distinct, more manifest, clearer
‫ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ‬maẓhar pl. ‫ ﻣﻈـﺎﻫﺮ‬maẓāhir2 (external) appearance, external make-up,
guise; outward bearing, comportment, conduct, behavior; exterior, look(s),
sight, view; semblance, aspect; bearer or object of a phenomenon, object in
which s.th. manifests itself; phenomenon; symptom (med.); pl.
965
manifestations, expressions | ‫ ﻣﻈـﺎﻫﺮ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬m. al-ḥayāh manifestations of life

(biol.); ‫اﳌﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬externally, in outward appearance, outwardly
‫ ﺗﻈﻬـﲑ‬taẓhīr endorsement, transfer by endorsement (of a bill of exchange;
com.)
‫ ﻇﻬــﺎر‬ẓihār pre-Islamic form of divorce, consisting in the words of
repudiation: you are to me like my mother’s back (‫اﻣـﻲ‬ ‫ اﻧـﺖ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﻛﻈﻬـﺮ‬anti
'alayya ka-ẓahri ummī)
‫ ﻣﻈ ــﺎﻫﺮة‬muẓāhara assistance, support, backing; (pl. -āt) (public)
demonstration, rally
‫ اﻇﻬﺎر‬iẓhār presentation, exposition, demonstration, exhibition, disclosure,
exposure, revelation, announcement, declaration, manifestation, display;
developing (phot.)
‫ ﺗﻈـﺎﻫﺮ‬taẓāhur dissimulation, feigning, pretending, pretension; hypocrisy,
dissemblance; (pl. -āt) (public) demonstration, rally
‫ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮ‬ẓāhir (of God) mastering, knowing (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); visible, perceptible,
distinct, manifest, obvious, conspicuous, clear, patent, evident, apparent;
external, exterior, outward; seeming, presumed, ostensible, alleged; outside,
Confidential
exterior, surface; outskirts, periphery (of a city); (gram.) substantive; (pl.
‫ﻇـﻮاﻫﺮ‬ ẓawāhir2) external sense, literal meaning (specif., of Koran and
Prophetic Tradition); ‫ﻇــﺎﻫﺮا‬ ẓāhiran externally, outwardly; seemingly,
presumedly, ostensibly, allegedly | ‫اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬ ‫ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ẓ. al-lafẓ the literal meaning of
an expression; ‫ان‬‫ اﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮ‬it seems, it appears that ...; ‫ ﺣﺴـﺐ اﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮ‬ḥasaba ẓ-ẓ.
in outward appearance, externally, outwardly; ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻈ ــﺎﻫﺮ‬apparently,
obviously, evidently; ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮ‬and ‫( ﰲ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬ẓ. il-amr) seen outwardly,
externally; outwardly; ‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from outside
‫ ﻇــﺎﻫﺮي‬ẓāhirī outer, outside, external, exterior, outward; superficial;
Zahiritic, interpreting the Koran according to its literal meaning
‫ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮة‬ẓāhira pl. ‫ ﻇـﻮاﻫﺮ‬ẓawāhir2 phenomenon, outward sign or token,
external symptom or indication | ‫ﻇ ـﻮاﻫﺮ اﳊﻴــﺎة‬ ẓ. al-ḥayāh biological
phenomena (biol.); ‫اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ‬ilm aẓ-ẓ. al-gawwīya meteorology; ‫ﺳـﱰ‬
‫( اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ‬ẓawāhira) to keep up appearances
‫ ﻣﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬mutaẓāhir pl. -ūn demonstrator
‫ ﻇﺎء‬ẓā’ name of the letter ‫ظ‬
966
Confidential
967
‫ع‬
‫‘ ﻋـﺐ‬abba u (‘abb) to drink in large draughts, gulp down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pour
down, toss down (‫ ه‬a drink); to lap up, drink avidly (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺐ‬ubb, ‘ibb breast pocket
‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎب‬ubāb f. torrents, floods; waves, billows
‫ ﻳﻌﺒﻮب‬ya‘būb torrential river
‫‘ ﻋﺒـﺄ‬aba’a a with negation; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻋﺒـﺄ ب‬not to care about, not to give a hoot
for, pay no attention to, attach no importance to, not to insist on | ‫ﻻ ﻳﻌﺒـﺄ ﺑـﻪ‬
(yu‘ba’u) unimportant, insignificant; ‫ﻋـﺎﺑﺊ‬ ‫ ﻏـﲑ‬indifferent, unconcerned II to
prepare, arrange (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to array, set up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to mobilize, call up (‫ﺟﻴﺸﺎ‬
jaišan an army); to fill, pack (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with); to load, charge (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th.
with); to draw off, decant (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.th. into), bottle (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺐء‬ib’ pl. ‫ اﻋﺒﺎء‬a‘bā’ load, burden (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on), encumbrance (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to) | ‫ﻋﺐء‬
Confidential
‫اﻹﺛﺒـﺎت‬ ‘i. al-itbāt burden of proof (jur.); ‫ـﺾ‬ or ‫ﻗـﺎم اﻷﻋﺒـﺎء ﻛﻠﻬـﺎ‬ to take all
burdens upon o.s., carry all burdens
‫‘ ﻋﺒـﺎء‬abā’ pl. ‫ اﻋﺒﺌـﺔ‬a‘bi’a aba, cloak-like, woolen wrap (occasionally
striped)
‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎءة‬abā’a pl. -āt aba, a cloak-like, woolen wrap (occasionally striped)
‫ ﺗﻌﺒﺌــﺔ‬ta‘bi’a mobilization; drafting, conscription; filling, drawing off,
bottling
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺑﺊ‬ābi’ see under verb I
‫‘ ﻋﺒـﺚ‬abita a (‘abat) to fool around, indulge in horseplay, commit a folly;
to play, joke, jest (‫ ب‬with); to toy, play a frivolous game (‫ ب‬with), mock
(‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to play (absent-mindedly), fidget, fuas, dawdle, fiddle (‫ب‬
with s.th., e.g., while talking); to handle, manipulate (‫ ب‬s.th.), tinker (‫ب‬
with); to abuse (‫ ب‬s.th.); to commit an offense (‫ ب‬against), violate (‫ب‬
s.th.), infringe, encroach (‫ ب‬upon); to impair, injure (‫ ب‬s.th.) III to amuse

o.s., make fun, play around, banter, dally (‫ ه‬with s.o.), tease (‫ ه‬s.o.), play a
trick, prank or joke (‫ ه‬on s.o.)
968
‫‘ ﻋﺒـﺚ‬abat (frivolous) play; pastime, amusement; joke, jest; mockery; ‫ﻋﺒﺜـﺎ‬

‘abatan in vain, futilely, to no avail,
Uselessly, fruitlessly | ‫ان‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺚ‬it is foolish and useless to ...; ‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﺒﺜـﺎ‬
‫( اﺳﺘﻄﺎع ان ﳚﻴﺒﻪ‬iataṭā‘a, yujībahū) but he couldn’t give him an answer
‫ ﻋﺒـﺚ‬mu‘ābata pl.-āt teasing, joke or prank played on s.o.; funmaking,
jesting, banter, raillery
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺑـﺚ‬ābit joking, jocular; mocking, scornful; frivolous; wanton, wicked,
outrageous; offender, transgressor, evildoer, sinner
1‫‘ ﻋﺒــﺪ‬abada u (‫‘ ﻋﺒــﺎدة‬ibada,
‫‘ ﻋﺒــﻮدة‬ubūda, ‫‘ ﻋﺒﻮدﻳــﺔ‬ubādīya) to serve,
worship (‫ ه‬a god), adore, venerate (‫ ه‬s.o., a god or human being), idolize,
deify (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to enslave, enthrall, subjugate, subject (‫ ه‬s.o.); to improve,

develop, make serviceable, make passable for traffic (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a road) V to devote
o.s. to the service of God X to enslave, enthrall, subjugate (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫‘ ﻋﺒـﺪ‬abd pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪ‬abād, ‫‘ ﻋﺒـﺪان‬ubdān, ‘ibdān slave, serf; bondsman,

‫ﻋﺒــﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒــﺎد‬
Confidential
servant; -- (pl. ‘ibad) servant (of God), human being, man;
humanity, mankind | ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺪ‬ = I (form of modesty); ‫اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ‬ ‫ اﻟﻌﺒﺪ‬do.
‫ ﻋﺒﺪﻻوي‬,‫‘ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻼوي‬abdallāwī (eg.) a variety of melon
‫‘ ﻋﺒﺪة‬abda pl. -āt woman slave, slave girl, bondwoman
‫‘ ﻋﺒــﺎد‬abbād: ‫ ﻋﺒــﺎد اﻟﺸــﻤﺲ‬and ‫‘ ﻋﺒــﺎدة اﻟﺸــﻤﺲ‬a. aš-šams sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L.)
‫‘ ﻋﺒـﺎدة‬ibāda worship, adoration, veneration; devotional service, divine
service (Chr.); pl. -āt acts of devotion, religious observances (Isl. Law)
‫‘ ﻋﺒـﻮدة‬ubūda humble veneration, homage, adoration, worship; slavery,
serf-dom; servitude, bondage
‫‘ ﻋﺒﻮدﻳـﺔ‬ubūdīya humble veneration, homage, adoration, worship; slavery,
serfdom; servitude, bondage
‫ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ‬ma‘bad pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺪ‬ma‘ābid2 place of worship; house of God, temple
‫ ﺗﻌﺒﻴـﺪ‬ta‘bīd enslavement, enthrallment, subjugation, subjection; paving,
pavement | ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺪ‬t. aṭ-ṭuruq road construction
‫ ﺗﻌﺒﺪ‬ta‘abbud piety, devoutness, devotion, worship; hagiolatry, worship or
cult of saints (Chr.)
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺒﺎد‬isti‘bād enslavement, enthrallment, subjugation
969
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺑﺪ‬ābid pl. -ūn, ‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎد‬ibād, ‫‘ ﻋﺒﺪة‬abada worshiper, adorer,

‫ ﻣﻌﺒﻮد‬ma‘būd worshiped, adored; deity, godhead; idol
‫ ﻣﻌﺒﻮدة‬ma‘būda ladylove, adored woman
‫ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ‬ma‘bad passable, smooth, improved (road)
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺒﺪ‬muta‘abbid pious, devout; pious worshiper (Chr.)
‫‘ ﻋﺒﺪان‬abadān2 Abadan (island and town in W Iran, oil center)
‫‘ ﻋـﱪ‬abara u (‘abr, ‫‘ ﻋﺒـﻮر‬ubūr) to cross, traverse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to ford (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
wade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through s.th.); to swim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or across s.th.); to pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over
s.th.); to ferry (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a river, and the like); ‫ ﻋـﱪ ﺑـﻪ ﻫ ـ‬to carry s.o. across or over
s.th.; to pass, elapse (time), fade, dwindle; to pass away, die, depart; -- ‘abira
(‘abar) to shed tears II to interpret (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a dream); to state clearly, declare,
assert, utter, express, voice (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), give expression (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to a feeling); to
designate (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. with or by); to determine the weight of a coin (‫)ﻫ ـ‬,
weigh (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a coin) VIII to be taught a lesson, be warned; to learn a lesson,
Confidential
take warning, to learn, take an example (‫ ب‬from); to consider, weigh, take
into account or consideration (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), allow, make allowances (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.);
to acknowledge a quality (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬in s.o. (‫ ;)ل‬to deem, regard, take (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.
s.th. as), look (‫ه‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬at s.th. as); to esteem, honor, revere, value, respect,
hold in esteem (‫ ه‬s.o.), have regard (‫ ه‬for s.o.) | to shed tears, weep
‫‘ ﻋــﱪ‬abr crossing, traversing, transit; passage; fording; ‘abra (prep.)
across, over; beyond, on the other side of
‫‘ ﻋﺒﻮر‬ubūr crossing, traversing, transit; passage; fording
‫‘ ﻋﺒﲑ‬abīr fragrance, scent, perfume, aroma; bouquet (of wine)
‫‘ ﻋـﱪي‬ibrī Hebrew, Hebraic; (pl. -ūn) a Hebrew; ‫ اﻟﻌـﱪي‬or ‫ اﻟﻌﱪﻳـﺔ‬Hebrew,
the Hebrew language
‫’ﻋﱪة‬abra pl. ’abarāt, ‫‘ ﻋﱪ‬ibar tear
‫‘ ﻋــﱪة‬ibra pl. ‫‘ ﻋــﱪ‬ibar admonition, monition, warning; (warning or
deterring) example, lesson, advice, rule, precept (to be followed);
consideration befitting s.th.; that which has to be considered, be taken into
consideration or account, that which is of consequence, of importance, s.th.
decisive or consequential | ‫ﻣـﻮﻃﻦ اﻟﻌـﱪة‬ mauṭin al-‘i. the salient point, the
970
crucial point; ‫‘( ﻻ ﻋــﱪة ﺑــﻪ‬ibrata) it deserves no attention, it is of no

consequence; ‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ اﻟﻌـﱪة ب‬the crucial factor(s) is (are) ..., decisive is (are)
...; ‫( ﻻ ﻋﱪة ﳌﻦ‬li-man) it is of no consequence if s.o. …
‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎرة‬ibāra pl. -āt explanation, interpretation; mode of expression, diction;
word; sentence, clause, phrase, idiom, expression | ‫اﺧـﺮى‬ ‫( ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة‬ukrā) in other
words, expressed otherwise; ‫‘ ﻋﺒـﺎرة ﻓﻌﺒـﺎرة‬ibāratan fa-‘ibāratan sentence by
sentence, word by word; ‫ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ‬consisting in; tantamount to, equivalent to,
meaning ...
‫‘ ﻋـﱪاﱐ‬ibrānī Hebrew, Hebraic; a Hebrew; ‫ اﻟﻌـﱪاﱐ‬or ‫ اﻟﻌﱪاﻧﻴـﺔ‬Hebrew, the
Hebrew language
‫ ﻣﻌــﱪ‬ma‘bar pl. ‫ ﻣﻌــﺎﺑﺮ‬ma‘ābir2 crossing point, crossing, traverse,
passage(way); ford; pass, pass road, defile; O lobby
‫ ﻣﻌـﱪ‬mi‘bar pl. ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎﺑﺮ‬ma‘ābir2 medium for crossing, ferry, ferryboat;
bridge
‫ ﺗﻌﺒـﲑ‬ta‘bīr interpretation (of a dream); assertion, declaration, expression,
Confidential
utterance (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of a feeling); (pl. -āt) expression (in general, also artistic); (pl.
– ‫ﺗﻌـﺎﺑﲑ‬ ta‘ābīr2) (linguistic) expression, phrase, term |
other words, expressed otherwise
‫ ﺗﻌﺒﲑي‬ta‘bīrī expressional, expressive, emotive
‫ﺑﺘﻌﺒـﲑ آﺧـﺮ‬ (ākar) in
‫ اﻋﺘﺒـﺎر‬i‘tibār respect, regard, deference, esteem; (pl. -āt) consideration,

regard; reflection, contemplation; approach, outlook, point of view, view |
‫( )اﻋﺘﺒـﺎرا ل )ب‬itibāran) with respect to, with regard to, in consideration of,
considering .... in view of (s.th.); ‫ اﻋﺘﺒـﺎرا ﻣـﻦ‬from, as of, beginning ..., starting
with ..., effective from ... (with foll. indication of time); ‫ﻋﺘﺒـﺎر اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ with
respect to, with regard to, in consideration of, considering in view of (s.th.);
‫ﻋﺘﺒـﺎر ان‬ bi-‘tibāri an considering (the fact) that ..., with regard to the fact
that ..., in view of the fact that ...; provided that ..., with the proviso that ...;
‫ﻋﺘﺒـﺎرﻩ‬ as, in terms of, in the opacity of, e.g., ‫وزﻳـﺮ اﳋﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ ﻋﺘﺒـﺎرﻩ اﻗـﺪم اﻟـﻮزراء‬
(aqdama l-wuzarā’i) the Foreign Minister in his capacity of senior-ranking
minister; ‫ـﺬا اﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎر‬ from this standpoint, from this viewpoint; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻋﺘﺒـﺎر ان‬
considering (the fact) that ..., with regard to the fact that ..., in view of the
fact that ...; on the assumption that ...; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺬا اﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎر‬from this standpoint,
971
from this viewpoint; ‫ ﰲ ﻛـﻞ اﻋﺘﺒـﺎر‬in every respect; ‫( اﻋﺘﺒـﺎرا او ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﺔ‬ḥaqīqatan)

from a subjective point of view or in reality
‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺎري‬i‘tibārī based on a subjective approach or outlook; relative | ‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫( اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻳﺔ‬šakṣīya) legal person (jur.)
‫‘ ﻋـﺎﺑﺮ‬ābir passing; crossing, traversing, etc. (see I); fleeting (smile);
transient, transitory, ephemeral; bygone, past, elapsed (time); (pl. -ūn)
passerby | O ‫اﻟﻘﺎرات‬ ‫ ﺻﺎروخ ﻋﺎﺑﺮ‬intercontinental ballistic missile, ICBM
‫ ﻣﻌـﱪ‬mu‘abbir interpreter (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of feelings); expressive, significant | ‫رﻗـﺺ‬
‫( ﻣﻌﱪ‬raqṣ) interpretative dancing
‫( ﻋﱪود‬ḥi‫ )ﻋﻠﻰ‬musket, gun
‫‘ ﻋـﺒﺲ‬abasa i (‘abs, ‫‘ ﻋﺒـﻮس‬ubs) to frown, knit one’s brows; to glower,
lower, scowl, look sternly | ‫وﺟﻬـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻋـﺒﺲ ﰲ‬to give s.o. an angry look, scowl at
s.o. II = I
‫‘ ﻋﺒــﻮس‬abūs frowning, scowling; gloomy, dismal, melancholy; stern,
austere; ominous
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺒـﻮس‬ubūs gloominess, gloom, dreariness; sternness, austerity, severity,
gravity
‫‘ ﻋﺒﻮﺳـﺔ‬ubūsa frown, scowl; glower, gloomy look, a gloomy, morose,
sullen or stern mien
‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻲ‬abbāsī Abbaside; (pl. -ūn) an Abbaside
‫‘ ﻋـﺎﺑﺲ‬ābis frowning, scowling; gloomy, morose, sullen; austere, stern,
severe
‫‘ ﻋﺒﻴﻂ‬abīṭ pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺒﻄﺎء‬ubaṭā’2 stupid, imbecile, idiotic, silly, foolish
‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺎﻃﺎ‬i‘tibāṭan at random, haphazardly, arbitrarily
‫‘ ﻋﺒـﻖ‬abiqa a (‘abaq) to cling (‫ ب‬to), linger (‫ ب‬on, of ascent); to be
fragrant, exhale fragrance; to be filled, be redolent (‫ ب‬with a scent, etc.)
‫‘ ﻋﺒﻖ‬abiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling fragrance
‫‘ ﻋﺒﻘﺔ‬abqa pressure (on the chest), feeling of suffocation
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺑﻖ‬ābiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling fragrance
‫‘ ﻋﺒﻘﺮ‬abqar legendary place inhabited by jinn; fairyland, wonderland
‫‘ ﻋﺒﻘـﺮي‬abqarī multicolored, colorful carpet; ingenious, genial; (pl. -ūn,
‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎﻗﺮة‬abāqira) ingenious person, genius
972
‫‘ ﻋﺒﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬abqarīya ingenuity, genius

‫‘ ﻋﺒﻚ‬abak camlet (woolen fabric)
‫' ﻋﺒﻞ‬abl pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎل‬ibāl plump, well rounded, chubby, fat (e.g., arms)
‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎل‬abāl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of wild rose, eglantine
‫ اﻋﺒﻞ‬a‘bal granite
‫ ﻋﺒـﻮ‬II = ‫ ﻋﺒـﺄ‬II; to fill, pack (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to load, charge (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
with)
‫‘ ﻋﺒــﻮة‬ubūwa pl. -āt package, pack (of an article, of a commodity);
container with its contents
‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎﻳﺔ‬abāya = ‫‘ ﻋﺒﺎءة‬abā’a q.v.
‫‘ ﻋﺘـﺐ‬ataba i u (‘atb, ‫ ﻣﻌﺘـﺐ‬ma‘tab) to blame, censure, reprove, scold (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.o.); -- ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﺘﺐ‬ataba bābahū to cross the threshold of s.o. II to hesitate, be
slow, be tardy III to blame, censure, reprove, scold (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. for)
‫‘ ﻋﺘﺐ‬atb censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, reprimand
‫‘ ﻋﺘﺒـﺔ‬ataba pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺘـﺐ‬atab, ‫ اﻋﺘـﺎب‬a‘tāb doorstep, threshold; (door) lintel,
Confidential
also ‫اﻟﻌﺘﺒـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬
Highness the Bey (Tun.);
(‘ulyā); step, stair | ‫اﻷﻋﺘـﺎب اﻟﺴـﻨﻴﺔ‬ (sanīya) (formerly:) His
‫ رﻓﻌـﻪ ﻷﻋﺘـﺎب اﳌﻠـﻚ‬rafa‘ahū li-a. l-malik to present

s.th. (e.g., a gift) most obediently to the king
‫‘ ﻋﺘﺎب‬itāb censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, reprimand
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺗﺒﺔ‬mu‘ātaba censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, reprimand
‫‘ ﻋﺘـﺪ‬atuda u (‫‘ ﻋﺘـﺎد‬atād) to be ready, be prepared IV to prepare, ready,
make ready (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺘـﺎد‬atād pl. ‫ اﻋﺘـﺪ‬a’tud, ‫ اﻋﺘـﺪة‬a‘tida equipment; (war) material, matériel,
ammunition | ‫ﺣﺮﰊ‬ ‫( ﻋﺘﺎد‬ḥarbī) war material, materiel, ammunition
‫‘ ﻋﺘﻴﺪ‬atīd ready, prepared; future, forthcoming; venerable; solemn
‫ ﻣﻌﱰ‬mu‘attar (< ‫ )ﻣﻌﺜﺮ‬slovenly, floppy; stupid; unfortunate
‫‘ ﻋﺘـﻖ‬atuqa u (‫‘ ﻋﺘﺎﻗـﺔ‬atāqa) and ‘ataqa i (‘atq, ‘itq) to grow old, age; to
mature, mellow (wine); -- ‘ataqa i to be emancipated, be free (slave) IV to
free, set free, release, emancipate, manumit (‫ ه‬s.o., esp. a slave) VII to free
o.s., rid o.s. (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
973
‫‘ ﻋﺘـﻖ‬itq age, vintage (esp. of wine); liberty (as opposed to slavery);

emancipation, freeing, manumission (of a slave)
‫‘ ﻋﺘﻴـﻖ‬atīq old, ancient, antique; matured, mellowed, aged (wine); of
ancient tradition, long-standing; antiquated, outmoded, obsolete; free,
emancipated (slave); noble | ‫اﻟﻄﺮاز‬ ‫ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ‬old-fashioned
‫‘ ﻋﺘﺎﻗﺔ‬atāqa age, vintage (esp. of wine)
‫ اﻋﺘﺎق‬i‘tāq freeing, liberation, manumission (of a slave)
‫‘ ﻋـﺎﺗﻖ‬ātiq pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺗـﻖ‬awātiq2 shoulder | ‫( اﺧـﺬﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘـﻪ‬akadahū) to take
s.th. upon o.s., take over, assume s.th; ‫( اﻟﻘــﻰ اﳌﺴــﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘــﻪ‬alqā l-
mas’ūliyata) to place the responsibility on s.o.; ‫ وﻗـﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋـﺎﺗﻖ ﻓـﻼن‬to be at
s.o.’s expense, fall to s.o.
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻖ‬mu‘attaq mellowed, matured (wine); old, ancient
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻖ‬mu‘tiq emancipator, liberator, manumitter (of slaves)
‫‘ ﻋﺘﻚ‬ataka i to attack
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺗﻚ‬atik clear, pure, limpid (esp. wine)
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺘﻞ‬atala u i (‘atl) to carry (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺘﺎل‬attāl porter, carrier
‫‘ ﻋﺘﻠﺔ‬atala pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺘﻞ‬atal crowbar
‫‘ ﻋﺘﺎﻟﺔ‬itāla porter’s or carrier’s trade; porterage
‫‘ ﻋـﺘﻢ‬atama i (‘atm) to hesitate II to darken, obscure, cloud, black out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to hesitate (esp. with neg.) | ‫ان‬ ‫ ﱂ ﻳﻌـﺘﻢ‬,‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻋـﺘﻢ ان‬,‫ﻻ ﻳﻌـﺘﻢ ان‬ it does not
(did not) take long until …, before long ..., presently IV to hesitate, waver
‫( ﻋﺘﻢ‬coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬wild olive tree
‫‘ ﻋﺘﻤﺔ‬atma dark, gloom, darkness
‫‘ ﻋﺘﻤﺔ‬atama first third of the night
‫‘ ﻋﺘﺎﻣﺔ‬atāma opacity, opaqueness; (pl. -āt) darkness
‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻴﻢ‬ta‘tīm darkening, obscuring, clouding
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻢ‬mu‘tim dark
‫ ﻋﺘـﻪ‬pass. ‘utiha (‘uth, ‘atah, ‫‘ ﻋﺘﺎﻫــﺔ‬atāha) to be or become· idiotic,
imbecile, dimwitted, feeble-minded, demented, insane, mad, crazy
‫‘ ﻋﺘﻪ‬uth, ‘atah idiocy, imbecility dimwittedness, feeble-mindedness
974
‫‘ ﻋﺘﺎﻫﺔ‬atāha idiocy, imbecility, dimwittedness, feeble-mindedness

‫ ﻣﻌﺘـﻮﻩ‬ma‘tūh pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺗﻴـﻪ‬ma‘ātīh2 idiotic, insane, mad, crazy; idiot, lunatic,
imbecile, demented person, insane person
(‫ ﻋﺘـﻮ‬and ‫ﻋــﱵ( ﻋﺘــﺎ‬ ‘atā u (‫‘ ﻋﺘــﻮ‬utūw, ‫ﻋــﱵ‬ ‘utīy, ‘itīy) to be insolent,
refractory, recalcitrant, unruly; to be violent, fierce, strong, wild, furious,
raging (e.g., storms) V do.
‫‘ ﻋﺘـﻮ‬utūw presumption, haughtiness, insolence, impertinence, arrogance;
recalcitrance, unruliness, wildness, ferocity
‫‘ ﻋـﱵ‬utīy presumption, haughtiness insolence, impertinence, arrogUC8;
recalcitrance, unruliness, wildness, ferocity | ‫ﻋﺘﻴـﺎ‬ ‫‘( ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤـﺮ‬umr) to attain
great age; to be far advanced in years
‫‘ ﻋــﱵ‬atīy pl. ‫ اﻋﺘــﺎء‬a‘tā’ haughty, impertinent, insolent; recalcitrant,
refractory, unruly, intractable, wild
‫‘ ﻋـﺎت‬ātin pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺘـﺎة‬utāh presumptuous, impudent, impertinent, insolent,
arrogant; violent, fierce, strong, wild, furious, raging (storm)
‫‘ ﻋﺚ‬utt (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺜﺚ‬utat moth worm, moth larva; moth
‫ ﻣﻌﺜﻮث‬ma‘tūt moth-ridden, fall of moths, moth-eaten
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺜـﺮ‬atara u i (‘atr, ‫‘ ﻋﺜـﲑ‬atīr, ‫‘ ﻋﺜـﺎر‬itār) to stumble, trip; ‫ ﻋﺜـﺮ ﺑـﻪ‬to trip s.o.,
make s.o. stumble, make s.o. fall, fell s.o., topple s.o.; -- ‘atara u (‫‘ ﻋﺜﻮر‬utūr)
to come (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬scroll), hit, light, strike, stumble (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon), find,
discover, detect (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. s.th.) II to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to stumble, trip (‫ه‬
s.o.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) fall, topple (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II; to acquaint (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. with
s.th.); to lead (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. to s.th.) V to stumble, trip; to stutter, stammer,
speak brokenly | ‫( ﺗﻌﺜﺮ ذ ل اﳋﻴﺒﺔ‬bi-adyāl l-kaiba) to fail, meet with failure
‫‘ ﻋﺜـﺮة‬atra pl. ‘atarāt stumbling, tripping; false step, slip, fall | ‫ﺣﺠـﺮ ﻋﺜـﺮة‬
ḥajar ‘a. stumbling block; ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫‘( وﻗﻒ ﻋﺜﺮة ﰲ‬atratan) to be a stumbling block
for s.o., obstruct s.o.’s way
‫‘ ﻋﺜﻮر‬atūr discovery, detection (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of)
‫‘ ﻋﺜﲑ‬ityar dust, fine sand
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺛﻮر‬ātūr pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺛﲑ‬awātīr2 pitfall; difficulty
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺜــﺮ‬muta‘attir stumbling, tripping; speaking (a foreign language)
brokenly; broken (of a foreign language)
975
‫‘ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﱐ‬utmānī Ottoman; (adj. and n.)

‫‘ ﻋﺜﻨﻮن‬utnūn pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺜﺎﻧﲔ‬atānīn2 beard
‫ )ﻋﺜـﻮ‬and ‫‘ ﻋﺜـﻲ( ﻋﺜـﺎ‬atā u (‫‘ ﻋﺜـﻮ‬utūw), ‫‘ ﻋﺜـﻰ‬atā a i (‘utīy, ‘itīy) to act
wickedly, do harm, cause mischief
‫‘ ﻋـﺞ‬ajja i (‘ajj, ‫‘ ﻋﺠـﻴﺞ‬ajīj) to cry, yell, roar; to cry out for help (‫ اﱃ‬to); to
rage, roar; to thunder, resound (‫ ب‬with); to swarm, teem (‫ ب‬with) II to
raise, swirl up (‫ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر‬al-gubāra the dust; of the wind)
‫‘ ﻋﺞ‬ajj crying, yelling; clamor, roar
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺔ‬ujja omelet
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻴﺞ‬ajīj crying, yelling; clamor, roar
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺎج‬ajāj (swirling) dust; smoke
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺎﺟﺔ‬ajāja pl. -āt cloud of dust; billow of smoke
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺎج‬ajjāj crying, yelling, clamoring, roaring, boisterous, vociferous;
raging (esp. sea)
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺐ‬ajiba a (‘ajab) to wonder, marvel, be astonished, be amazed (‫ ب‬or
Confidential
‫ل‬ at, over) II to strike with wonder or astonishment, amaze, astonish,
surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II; to please, delight (‫ ه‬s.o.), appeal (‫ ه‬to s.o.); -- pass.
IV u‘jiba to admire (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), have a high opinion (‫ ب‬of); to be proud

(‫ ب‬of), be vain (‫ ب‬about), glory (‫ ب‬in) | ‫اﻋﺠــﺐ ﺑﻨﻔﺴــﻪ‬ (u‘jiba) to be
conceited, be vain V to wonder, marvel, be astonished, be amazed (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬at,
over) X = V
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺐ‬ujb pride (‫ ب‬of, in), vanity (‫ ب‬in), conceit
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺐ‬ajab astonishment, amazement; (pl. ‫ اﻋﺠـﺎب‬a‘jāb) wonder, marvel;
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺒـﺎ‬ajaban how strange! how odd! How astonishing! how remarkable!
‫ ﻟﻠﻌﺠـﺐ‬yā la-l-‘ajab oh, how wonderful! ‫‘( ﻻ ﻋﺠـﺐ‬ajaba) no wonder! ‫اﻣـﺮ‬
‫ ﻋﺠﺐ‬amrun ‘ajabun a wonderful, marvelous thing; ‫( ﻋﺠﺐ ﻋﺠـﺎب‬ujāb) most
prodigious happening, wonder of wonders
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺎب‬ujāb wonderful, wondrous, marvelous, astonishing, amazing; see
‘ajab
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻴـﺐ‬ajīb wonderful, wondrous, marvelous, admirable; astonishing,
amazing, remarkable, strange, odd
976
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻴﺒـﺔ‬ajība pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺠﺎﺋـﺐ‬ajā’ib wondrous thing, unheard of thing, prodigy,

marvel, miracle, wonder; pl. remarkable things,
curiosities, oddities | ‫ﻣـﻦ ﻋﺠﺎﺋـﺐ اﻷﻣـﺮ ان‬ the remarkable thing about the
matter is that ...
‫ اﻋﺠـﺐ‬a’jab2 more wonderful, more marvelous; more astonishing, more
remarkable
‫ اﻋﺠﻮﺑــﺔ‬u‘jūba pl. ‫ اﻋﺎﺟﻴــﺐ‬a‘ājīb2 wondrous thing; unheard-of thing,
prodigy, marvel, miracle, wonder
‫ ﺗﻌﺠﻴـﺐ‬ta‘jīb arousing of admiration (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬for s.th.), boosting (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.),
publicity (‫ ﻣﻦ‬for s.th.)
‫ اﻋﺠـﺎب‬i‘jāb admiration (‫ ب‬for); pleasure, satisfaction, delight (‫ ب‬in);
acclaim; pride; self-complacency, conceit
‫ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ‬ta‘ajjub astonishment, amazement
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺠﺎب‬isti‘jāb astonishment, amazement
‫ ﻣﻌﺠﺐ‬mu‘jib causing admiration, admirable
‫ ﻣﻌﺠـﺐ‬mu‘jab admirer (‫ ب‬of s.o., of s.th.); proud (‫ ب‬of), vain (‫ ب‬about) |
Confidential
‫( ﻣﻌﺠﺐ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬bi-nafsihī) conceited, vain
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺠﺐ‬muta‘ajjib amazed, astonished
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺮ‬ajar outgrowth, protuberance, excrescence, projection
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺮ‬ajr (eg.) green, unripe
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺮة‬ujra pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺮ‬ujar knot, knob, hump, protuberance, excrescence |
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺮﻩ وﲜـﺮﻩ‬ujaruhū wa-bujaruhū his (its) obvious and hidden shortcomings,
all his (its) faults
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻮر‬aggūr (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of green melon, (eg.)
‫ ﻋﺠﺮف‬II ta‘ajrafa to be presumptuous, arrogant, haughty
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺮﻓﺔ‬ajrafa presumption, arrogance, haughtiness
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺰ‬ajaza i (‘ajz) and ‘ajiza a to be weak, lock strength, be incapable (‫ﻋﻦ‬
of), be unable (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to do s.th.); -- ‘ajaza u (‫‘ ﻋﺠـﻮز‬ujūz) and ‘ajuza u to age,
grow old (woman) | ‫‘( ﻣـﺎ ﻋﺠـﺰ ان‬ajaza, ‘ajiza) not to fail to ... II to weaken,
debilitate, disable, incapacitate, hamstring, cripple, paralyze (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
weaken, debilitate, disable, incapacitate, hamstring, cripple, paralyze (. s.o.);
977
to be impossible (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to speak in an inimitable, or wonderful, manner

| ‫واﳌﺸـﻲ‬ ‫( اﻋﺠـﺰﻩ ﻋـﻦ اﻟـﺪب‬dabb, mašy) to paralyze s.o.’s every move; ‫اﻋﺠـﺰﻩ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫( اﻟﻔﻬـﻢ‬fahm) to make comprehension impossible for s.o. X to deem (‫ ه‬s.o.)
incapable (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of)
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺰ‬ajz weakness, incapacity, disability, failure, impotence (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for, to
do s.th.); deficit
‫' ﻋﺠـﺰ‬ajuz, ‘ajz pl. ‫ اﻋﺠـﺎز‬a‘jāz backside, rump, posteriors | ‫ اﻋﺠـﺎز اﻟﻨﺨـﻞ‬a.
an-nakl stumps of palm trees; ‫اﻟﺼـﺪرﻋﺠﺰ‬ ‫( رد اﻟﻌﺠـﺰ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ṣadr) to bring the rear
to the fore, i.e., to reverse conditions, make up for a deficiency
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻮز‬ujūz old age
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﻮز‬ajūz pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺎﺋﺰ‬ajā’iz2, ‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺰ‬ujuz old woman; old man; old,
advanced in years
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻴﺰة‬ajīza posteriors, buttocks (of a woman)
‫ اﻋﺠﺰ‬i‘jāz inimitability, wondrous nature (of the Koran)
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺟﺰ‬ājiz pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺟﺰ‬awājiz2 weak, feeble, powerless, impotent; incapable
Confidential
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), unable (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to do s.th.); -- (pl.
physically disabled; decrepit | ‫اﻟﻌﺠﺰة‬
‫ﻋﺠــﺰة‬ ‘ajaza) physically weak;
‫ اﺳﻌﺎف‬is‘āf al-‘a. care for the aged
‫ ﻣﻌﺠﺰ‬mu‘jiz miracle (esp. one performed by a prophet)
‫ ﻣﻌﺠﺰة‬mu‘jiza pl. -āt miracle (esp. one performed by a prophet)
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻌﺞ‬aj‘aja to bellow, bawl, roar
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻌﺠﺔ‬aj‘aja clamor, roar, bellowing
‫ اﻋﺠـﻒ‬a‘jaf 2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﺠﻔـﺎء‬ajfā’2 pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺎف‬ijāf slender, slim, svelte; lean,
emaciated
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻞ‬ajila a (‘ajal, ‫‘ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ‬ajala) to hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry;
to rush, hasten, hurry, come quickly (‫ اﱃ‬to) II to hurry, hasten, speed, rush,
be in a hurry; to bring about quickly, hasten on (‫ ب‬s.th.), bring or take
quickly (‫ب‬ ‫ ل‬s.th. to); to hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.), expedite,
speed up, accelerate (‫ ه‬s.th.); to pay in advance; to pay spot cash (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬to
s.o. for) III to hurry in order to catch up (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o., with s.th.), rush,
hurry (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬after s.o., after s.th.); to catch up (‫ ه‬with s.o.), overtake (‫ ه‬s.o.;
978
esp. death), descend swiftly (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬upon); to anticipate, forestall (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in

or with) IV to hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫اﻋﺠﻠـﻪ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ﻋـﻦ‬
(waqtu) the time was too short for him to ... V to hurry, hasten, speed, rush,
be in a hurry; to seek to get ahead in a hurry; to hurry, rush, urge (‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o.
to); to anticipate, forestall (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be ahead (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), precede
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., events); to receive at once, without delay (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a sum), receive spot
cash | ‫( ﺗﻌﺠﻠـﻪ اﳉـﻮاب‬jawāba) to demand a quick reply from s.o. X to hurry,
hasten, rush, speed, be in a hurry; to wish to expedite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hurry,
rush, urge, impel, drive (‫ ه‬s.o.), expedite, speed up, accelerate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻞ‬ijl pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺠﻮل‬ujūl, ‫‘ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ‬ijala calf | ‫‘ ﻋﺠﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬i. al-baḥr sea calf, seal
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﻞ‬ajal hurry, haste | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﺠـﻞ‬in a hurry, hurriedly, speedily, quickly,
fast, rapidly
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻞ‬ajil quick, fast, swift, speedy, rapid
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ‬ajala hurry, haste; precipitance, precipitation
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻠـﺔ‬ajala pl. -āt wheel; bicycle | O ‫( ﻋﺠﻠـﺔ ﺳـﻴﺎرة‬sayyāra) motorcycle;
‫ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬steering wheel; O ‫( ﻋﺠﻠﺔ رﻳﺔ‬nārīya) motorcycle
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻴﻞ‬ajīl pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺠﺎل‬ijāl quick, fast, swift, speedy, rapid
‫‘ ﻋﺠــﻮل‬ajūl pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺠــﻞ‬ujul quick, fast, swift, speedy, rapid; hasty,
precipitate, rash
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺎﻟـﺔ‬ujāla work quickly thrown together, hastily prepared work, rush
job; O sketch (lit.); quickly compiled report
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﻼن‬ajlān2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﺠﻠـﻰ‬ajlā, pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺎﱃ‬ajālā, ‫‘ ﻋﺠـﺎل‬ijāl quick, fast, swift,
speedy, hurried, rapid, hasty, cursory
‫ اﻋﺠـﻞ‬a‘jal2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﺠﻠـﻰ‬ujlā, pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺠـﻞ‬ujl quicker, faster; hastier; more
cursory
‫ ﺗﻌﺠﻴﻞ‬ta‘jīl speeding-up, expediting, acceleration
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺠﺎل‬isti‘jāl hurry, haste; precipitance, precipitation | ‫ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺠﺎل‬
(wajhi l-ist.) expeditiously, speedily
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺠﺎﱄ‬isti‘jālī speedy, expeditious; temporary, provisional
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺟـﻞ‬ājil pertaining to this world, worldly; temporal; immediate; ‫ﻋـﺎﺟﻼ‬
‘ājilan soon, presently, before long; at once, immediately, instantly | ‫ﺣﻜـﻢ‬
979
‫( ﻋﺎﺟـﻞ‬ḥukm) summary judgment (jur.); ‫ ﻋـﺎﺟﻼ او آﺟـﻼ‬sooner or later; ‫ﰲ‬

‫ اﻟﻌﺎﺟﻞ واﻵﺟﻞ‬now and in the future; ‫ ﰲ ﻋﺎﺟﻠﻪ او آﺟﻠﻪ‬sooner or later; ‫ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﺎﺟﻞ‬in the immediate future
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺟﻠـﺔ‬ājila fast train, express train; ‫ اﻟﻌﺎﺟﻠـﺔ‬life in this world, temporal
existence
‫ ﻣﻌﺠــﻞ‬mu‘ajjal urgent, pressing; premature | ‫ ﻣﻌﺠــﻞ اﻟﺮﺳــﻢ‬m. ar-rasm
prepaid, postpaid (mail item); ‫ﺣﻜـﻢ ﻟﻨﻔـﺎذ اﳌﻌﺠـﻞ‬ (ḥukm, nafād) summary
judgment, sentence by summary proceedings (jur.)
‫ دﻓﻊ ﻣﻌﺠﻞ‬dafa‘a mu‘ajjalan to pay in advance
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺠﻞ‬muta‘ajjil hasty, rash, precipitate
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺠﻞ‬musta‘jil hurried, in a hurry
‫ ﻣﺴــﺘﻌﺠﻞ‬musta‘jal expeditious, speedy; urgent, pressing; precipitate,
premature | ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺠﻠﺔ‬‫ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ اﻷﻣﻮر‬magistrate of summary justice
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻢ‬ajama u (‘ajm) to try, test, put to the test (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫‘( ﻋﺠﻢ ﻋﻮدﻩ‬ūdahū)
Confidential
to try, test s.o., put s.o. to the test IV to provide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a letter) with a diacritical
point (with diacritical points) VII to be obscure, incomprehensible,
unintelligible (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.; language) X to become un-Arabic
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﻢ‬ajam (coll.) barbarians, non-Arabs; Persians; ‫ اﻟﻌﺠـﻢ‬or ‫ﺑـﻼد اﻟﻌﺠـﻢ‬
Persia
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻢ‬ajam (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬stone, kernel, pit, pip, seed (of fruit)
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻤﻲ‬ajamī pl. ‫ اﻋﺠﺎم‬a‘jām barbarian, non-Arab; Persian (adj. and n.)
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻤﺔ‬ajma barbarism, incorrectness (in speaking Arabic)
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻤﺎء‬ajmā’2 pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺠﻤﻮات‬ajmawāt (dumb) beast
‫ اﻋﺠـﻢ‬a‘jam2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﺠﻤــﺎء‬ajmā’2, pl. ‫ اﻋـﺎﺟﻢ‬a‘ājim2 speaking incorrect
Arabic; dumb, speechless; barbarian, non-Arab, foreigner, alien; a Persian
‫ اﻋﺠﻤﻲ‬a‘jamī non-Arabic; non-Arab, foreigner, alien; a Persian
‫ ﻣﻌﺠــﻢ‬mu‘jam incomprehensible, unintelligible, obscure (language,
speech); dotted, provided with a diacritical point (letter); (pl. ‫ﻣﻌــﺎﺟﻢ‬
ma‘ājim2) dictionary, lexicon | ‫اﳌﻌﺠﻢ‬ ‫ ﺣﺮوف‬the letters of the alphabet
980
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﻦ‬ajana i u (‘ajn) to knead (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to soak (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻟـﺖ وﻋﺠـﻦ ﰲ‬

‫ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ‬ (latta, mas’ala) to bring up a problem time and again, harp on a
question
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺎن‬ijān perineum (anat.)
‫‘ ﻋﺠﺎن‬ajjān, f. ‫ ة‬dough kneader
‫‘ ﻋﺠــﲔ‬ajīn dough, batter, paste; pastes (such as noodles, vermicelli,
spaghetti, etc.)
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻴﻨـﺔ‬ajīna a piece of dough; dough; soft mass, soggy mixture; pl. ‫ﻋﺠـﺎﺋﻦ‬
‘ajā’in2 plastics
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻴﲏ‬ajīnī doughy, doughlike, pasty, paste-like
‫ ﻣﻌﺠﻦ‬mi‘jan pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺟﻦ‬ma‘ājin2 kneading trough; kneading machine
‫ ﻣﻌﺠﻮن‬ma‘jūn pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺟﲔ‬ma‘ājīn2 paste, cream (cosmet.); putty; electuary;
majoon (confection made of hemp leaves, henbane, datura seeds, poppy
seeds, honey and ghee, producing effects similar to those of hashish and
opium) | ‫اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﺠﻮن‬tooth paste
‫ ﻣﻌﺠﻨﺎت‬mu‘ajjanāt (pot) pies, pasties
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺠـﻮة‬ajwa pressed dates | ‫ اﻗـﺮاص ﻋﺠـﻮة‬a pastry made of rich dough with
almonds and date paste (syr.)
‫‘ ﻋـﺪ‬adda u (‘add) to count, number, reckon (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬.s.o. among); to
enumerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to compute, calculate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to regard (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th. as), look (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ ﻫـ‬at s.o., at s.th. as), consider, think, deem (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th. to be s.th.); pass. ‘udda to be considered, go (‫ ﻫ ـ‬as s.th.), pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for
s.th.); to amount (‫ ب‬to) | ‫( ﻋـﺪ اﻷﻧﻔـﺎس ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬to count s.o.’s breathing =) to
watch closely over s.o., keep a sharp eye on s.o., watch s.o.’s every move;
‫ﻋــﺪ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ to put down, or charge, s.th. to s.o.’s disadvantage; ‫ﻻ ﻳﻌــﺪ‬
(yu‘addu) numberless, countless, innumerable II to count off, enumerate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to make numerous, multiply, compound (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻋـﺪد اﳌﻴـﺖ‬mayyita)
to enumerate the merits of a dead person, eulogize s.o. IV to prepare ( ,‫ل ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th. for); to ready, make ready, get ready (‫ ه‬,‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. for); to
prepare, finish, fit, fix up, adapt, adjust, dress, arrange, dispose, set up, make
(‫ه‬ ‫ل‬
981
s.th. for), draw up, draft, work out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g.. a report); to prepare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s
lesson) | ‫ل‬ ‫‘( اﻋـﺪ ﻋﺪﺗـﻪ‬uddatahū) to make one’s preparations for, prepare o.s.
for V to be or become numerous, be manifold, be multifarious, be multiple;
to multiply, increase in number, proliferate, be compounded VIII to regard
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. as), look (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ ﻫ ـ‬at s.o., at s.th. as), consider, think, deem
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. to be s.th.); to reckon (‫ ب‬with), rely (‫ ب‬upon); to put
down (‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.’s credit, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.’s disadvantage); to hold ( ‫ب‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o. s.th.), take exception (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o. because of s.th.); to
provide o.s., equip o.s. (‫ ب‬with); (of a woman) to observe the iddat, or
legally prescribed period of waiting, before contracting a new marriage X to
get ready, ready o.s.; to stand prepared, keep in readiness, stand by; to
prepare o.s.; to be ready, willing, prepared (‫ ل‬for, to do s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺪ‬add counting, count; enumeration, listing; computation, calculation
‫‘ ﻋـﺪة‬udda readiness, preparedness; -- (pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺪد‬udad) equipment, outfit;
implement, instrument, tool; gadget, device, appliance, contrivance; rigging,
tackle, sails; harness (of a horse) | ‫ل‬ ‫( أﺧـﺬ )اﻋـﺪ( ﻋﺪﺗـﻪ‬a‘adda) to make one’s
Confidential
preparations for, prepare o.s. for; s.th. ‫ أﺧـﺬ ﻋـﺪة اﻟﺸـﻲء‬to make preparations
for s.th.; ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﺪة‬clockwork, watchwork

‫‘ ﻋﺪة‬idda number; (attributively:) several, numerous, many, e.g., ‫رﺟﺎل ﻋﺪة‬
(‘iddatun) many men, ‫ﻣـﺮات‬ ‫‘ ﻋـﺪة‬iddata marrātin several times; iddat, legally
prescribed period of waiting during which a woman may not remarry after
being widowed or divorced (Isl. Law)
‫‘ ﻋـﺪد‬adad pl. ‫ اﻋـﺪاد‬a‘dād number, numeral; figure, digit, cipher; quantity;
number, issue (of a newspaper) | ‫( ﻋـﺪد ﺧـﺎص‬kāṣṣ) special number, special
issue (e.g., of a periodical)
‫‘ ﻋﺪدي‬adadī numerical, numeral, relative to a number or numbers
‫‘ ﻋﺪﻳـﺪ‬adīd (with foll. genit.) counted among or with; numerous; number;
large quantity; equal) | ‫ﻋﺪﻳـﺪ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﺪد‬adad) enormous quantity, great multitude;
‫ ﻫﺬا ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ذاك‬this equals that
‫’ﻋﺪاد‬adād pl. -āt counter, meter (for electricity, gas, etc.)
‫ ﻣﻌﺪاد‬mi‘dād pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻳﺪ‬ma’ādīd2 abacus
982
‫ ﺗﻌ ــﺪاد‬ta‘dād counting, count; enumeration, listing; computation,

calculation | ‫اﻷﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬t. al-anfus census
‫‘ ﻋﺪاد‬idād number, quantity | ‫‘( ﻻ ﻋﺪاد ﻟﻪ‬idāda) innumerable, countless; ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﻋﺪاد‬among, e.g., ‫ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻋﺪادﻫﻢ‬he is counted among them, he is one of them
‫ اﻋـﺪاد‬i‘dād preparation, readying, arranging, setting up, making, drawing
up, drafting
‫ اﻋـﺪادي‬i‘dadī preparatory | ‫( ﺷـﻬﺎدة اﻋﺪادﻳـﺔ‬šahāda) certificate granted after
completing four years of secondary school (eg.)
‫ ﺗﻌـﺪد‬ta‘addud variety, diversity, multiplicity, plurality, great number,
multitude | ‫اﻵﳍﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﻌﺪد‬polytheism; ‫ ﺗﻌﺪد اﻟﺰوﺟﺎت‬t. az-zajāt polygamy
‫ اﻋﺘـﺪاد‬i‘tidād confidence, reliance, trust (‫ ب‬in) | ‫( اﻻﻋﺘـﺪاد ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬bi-nafsihī)
self-confidence, self-reliance
‫ اﺳـﺘﻌﺪاد‬isti‘dād readiness, willingness, preparedness; (pl. -āt) inclination,
tendency, disposition, propensity; predisposition (‫ ل‬for a disease),
susceptibility (‫ ل‬to a disease); pl. conveniences, amenities, comfort | ‫ﻛـﺎن‬
Confidential
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ل‬to be prepared, be set for ...; to be ready, willing, inclined, in a
position to ...
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺪادي‬isti‘dādī preparatory
‫ ﻣﻌـﺪود‬ma‘dūd countable, numerable, calculable; limited in number, little,
few, a few, some
‫ ﻣﻌﺪدة‬mu‘addida (hired) female mourner
‫ ﻣﻌﺪ‬mu‘add destined, intended (‫ ل‬for); ready, prepared (‫ ل‬for‫ و‬to do s.th.),
willing (‫ ل‬to do s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻌـﺪات‬mu‘addāt equipment, material, materiel, gear; appliances, devices,
implements, gadgets) ‫)ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫( )ﻣﻌﺪات ﺣﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ḥarbīya, ‘askarīya) war material;
‫ ﻣﻌﺪات اﳊﺮﻳﻖ‬m. al-ḥarīq fire-fighting equipment
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬muta‘addid manifold, multiple, plural, numerous, varied, variegated,
various, diverse, different; multi-, many-, poly- (in compounds) ‫ﻣﺘﻌـﺪد اﳋـﻼ‬
m. al-kalāya multicellular (biol.); ‫ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪد اﻟﻨـﻮاﺣﻲ‬m. an-nawāḥī multifarious,
variegated, varied, manifold
983
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻌﺪ‬musta‘idd prepared, ready (‫ ل‬for); inclined, in a position (‫ ل‬to, to

do s.th.); predisposed (‫ ل‬for), susceptible (‫ ل‬to, esp. to a disease)
‫‘ ﻋﺪس‬adas (coil.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬lentil(s)
‫‘ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ‬adasa pl. -āt lens; magnifying glass; object lens, objective
‫‘ ﻋﺪﺳﻲ‬adasī lenticular
‫‘ ﻋﺪل‬adala i (‘adl, ‫‘ ﻋﺪاﻟﺔ‬adāla) to act justly, equitably, with fairness | ‫ﻋﺪل‬
‫ﺑﻴــﻨﻬﻢ‬ to treat everyone with indiscriminate justice, not to discriminate
between them; -- ‘adala i to be equal (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), be equivalent (‫ﻫ ـ‬
to s.th.), be on a par (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬with), be the equal (‫ ه‬of s.o.), equal, match (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬
s.o., s.th.), counterbalance, outweigh (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make equal, equalize, level
(‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with another), place (‫ ه‬s.o.) on the same level or footing (‫ ب‬with
another); -- ‘adala i (‫‘ ﻋـﺪول‬udūl) to deviate, swerve, deflect, turn away ( ‫اﱃ‬
‫ ﻋﻦ‬from -- toward); to digress, depart, refrain, desist, abstain, avert o.s., turn
away (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), leave off, relinquish. abandon, renounce, disclaim, give up,
Confidential
forego, waive, drop (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
away from; ‫اﱃ‬
‫ ﻋﺪل ﺑـﻪ‬to make s.o. desist, abstain or turn
‫( ﻋـﺪل ﺑﺒﺼـﺮﻩ‬bi-baṣarihī) to let one’s eyes stray to or toward; --
‘adula u (‫‘ ﻋﺪاﻟـﺔ‬adāla) to be just, fair, equitable II to straighten, make or put
straight, set in order, array (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to balance, right, rectify, put in order,
straighten out, fix, settle, adjust (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) just; to adapt (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to change, alter, commute, amend, modify, improve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
modulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬current, waves; el.) III to be equal (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), be
equivalent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), be on a par (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ with), be the equal (‫ ه‬of s.o.),
equal, match (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), counterbalance, outweigh (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to equate,
treat as equal (‫ وﺑـﲔ‬-- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬two persons or things) IV to straighten, make or
put straight (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to he changed, be altered, be commuted, be modified,
undergo modification, change or alteration VI to be in a state of equilibrium,
be balanced; to be equal, be on a par; to offset one another, strike a balance
VIII to straighten (up), tense; to draw o.s. up, sit straight, sit up; to be
straight, even, balanced; to be moderate, be temperate
984
‫‘ ﻋـﺪل‬adl straightness, straightforwardness; justice, impartiality; fairness,

equitableness, probity, honesty, uprightness; equitable composition, just
compromise; -- (pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺪول‬udūl) just, equitable, fair, upright, honest; person
of good reputation, person with an honorable record (Isl. Law); juristic
adjunct assigned to a cadi (Magr.); ‫‘ ﻋـﺪﻻ‬adlan equitably, fairly, justly | ‫وزﻳـﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺪل‬ minister of justice
‫‘ ﻋﺪﱄ‬adlī forensic, legal, judicial, juridical, juristic
‫‘ ﻋﺪل‬idl equal, tantamount, corresponding; -- (pl. ‫ اﻋﺪال‬a‘dāl, ‫‘ ﻋـﺪول‬udūl)
either of the two balanced halves of a load carried by a beast of burden;
sack, bag
‫‘ ﻋـﺪﻳﻞ‬adīl equal, like, tantamount, corresponding; (with foll. genit.) equal
(to s.o.), on a par (with s.o.); (eg.; pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺪاﺋﻞ‬adā’il) brother-in-law (husband
of one’s sister)
‫‘ ﻋــﺪول‬udūl refraining, abstention, desistance (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬from), forgoing,
renunciation, resignation, abandonment, relinquishment (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺪاﻟـﺔ‬adāla justice, fairness, impartiality; probity, integrity, honesty,
Confidential
equitableness; decency, proper conduct; honorable record (Isl. Law)
‫‘ ﻋﺪﻟﻴـﺔ‬adlīya justice, administration of justice, jurisprudence | ‫وزﻳـﺮ اﻟﻌﺪﻟﻴـﺔ‬
minister of justice
‫ اﻋـﺪل‬a‘dal2 more regular, more uniform; more balanced; juster, fairer,
more equitable; more upright, more honest, more righteous
‫ ﺗﻌـﺪﻳﻞ‬ta‘dīl straightening, straightening out, settling, setting right; -- (pl. -
āt) change, alteration, commutation, amendment, modification; settlement,
adjustment, regulation; improvement; reshuffle (of the cabinet); modulation
(el.) | ‫وزاري‬ ‫( ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬wizārī) cabinet reshuffle
‫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟـﺔ‬mu‘ādala assimilation, approximation, adjustment, equalization,
leveling, balancing, equilibration; balance, equilibrium; equality;
equivalence; evenness, proportion, proportionateness, proportionality;
equation (math.)
‫ ﺗﻌــﺎدل‬ta‘ādul balance, equilibrium; equality; equivalence; evenness,
proportion, proportionateness, proportionality; draw, tie (in sports) | ‫ﺗﻌـﺎدل‬
‫ اﻷﺻﻮات‬tie vote, equal number of votes
‫ اﻋﺘــﺪال‬i‘tidāl straightness, erectness, tenseness; evenness, symmetry,
proportion (e.g., of stature, of growth); moderateness, moderation,
985
temperance, temperateness; equinox | ‫ﲰـﺖ اﻻﻋﺘـﺪال‬ simt al-i. equinoctial

colure (astron.)
‫ اﻋﺘﺪاﱄ‬i‘tidālī equinoctial
‫‘ ﻋﺎدل‬ādil just, fair, equitable; upright, honest, straightforward, righteous
‫ ﻣﻌـﺪل‬mu‘addal average; average amount or sum | ‫ ﻣﻌـﺪل اﻟﺴـﺮﻋﺔ‬m. as-sur‘a
average speed; ‫ ﲟﻌﺪل‬as an average, on the average
‫ ﻣﻌﺎدل‬mu‘ādil equal, of equal status, having equal rights
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل‬muta‘āadil balanced, neutral
‫ ﻣﻌﺘـﺪل‬mu‘tadil straight, even, proportionate, symmetrical, harmonious;
moderate, temperate; mild, clement (weather) | ‫( اﳌﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﳌﻌﺘﺪﻟـﺔ‬minṭaqa) the
Temperate Zone
‫‘ ﻋـﺪم‬adima a (‘udm, ‘adam) to be deprived, be devoid, be in want, be
deficient (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to lack, not to have (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th:); to lose, miss (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); -- pass. ‘udima to be lacking, be missing, be absent, be nonexistent; to
be loot, be gone, have disappeared; to disappear, vanish IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.)
Confidential
to miss or lack (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to deprive (‫ه‬
wipe out (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬

‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. of s.th.); to destroy, annihilate,
s.o., s.th.); to execute (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be or become poor, be
reduced to poverty, become impoverished VII = pass. I
‫‘ ﻋـﺪم‬adam non-being, nonexistence; nothing, nothingness, nihility; lack,
want, absence; loss, privation; (with foll. genit.) non-, un-, in-, dis-; (pl. ‫اﻋﺪام‬
a‘dām) nonentity, nullity, banality, trifle | ‫ﻋــﺪم اﻻﻫﺘﻤــﺎم‬ inattention,
indifference; ‫ﻋ ــﺪم اﻻﺧﺘﺼ ــﺎص‬ noncompetency; ‫ﻋ ــﺪم اﻟﻮﺟ ــﻮد‬ non-being,
nonexistence
‫‘ ﻋﺪﻣﻲ‬adamī nihilist
‫‘ ﻋﺪﻣﻴﺔ‬adamīya non-being, nonexistence; nihilism
‫‘ ﻋـﺪﱘ‬adīm not having, lacking, wanting; deprived (of); devoid (of),
without, -less, in-, un- (with foll. genit.) | ‫اﳊﻴـﺎة‬ ‫‘ ﻋـﺪﱘ‬a. al-ḥayāh inanimate,
lifeless; ‫اﻟﻨﻈﲑ‬ ‫ ﻋﺪﱘ‬unequaled, incomparable, unique
‫ اﻋـﺪام‬i‘dām destruction, annihilation; execution | ‫( اﳊﻜـﻢ ﻹﻋـﺪام‬ḥukm)
death sentence
‫ اﻋﺪاﻣﻴﺔ‬i‘dāmīya headcloth without ‘iqāl (as a sign of mourning)
986
‫ اﻧﻌﺪام‬in‘idām absence, lack, nonexistence

‫‘ ﻋ ــﺎدم‬ādim pl. ‫‘ ﻋ ـﻮادم‬awādim2 nonexistent, lost; unrestorable,
irreclaimable; waste- (in compounds); pl. waste, refuse, scraps | ‫اﳌﻴـﺎﻩ اﻟﻌﺎدﻣـﺔ‬
sewage, sullage, waste water; ‫ ﻋـﻮادم اﻷﻗﻄـﺎن‬cotton waste; ‫ اﻧﺒﻮﺑـﺔ اﻟﻌـﻮادم‬unbūbat
al-‘a. exhaust pipe (automobile)
‫ ﻣﻌـﺪوم‬ma‘dūm nonexistent, wanting, lacking, absent; missing; lost; gone,
vanished
‫ ﻣﻌﺪوم‬mu‘dim poor, destitute; impoverished
‫‘ ﻋﺪن‬adn Eden, Paradise; ‘adan2 Aden (city in southern Arabia)
‫ ﻣﻌـﺪن‬ma‘din pl. ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎدن‬ma‘ādin2 mine; lode; metal; mineral; treasure-
trove, bonanza (fig.); (place of) origin, source | ‫ﻋﻠــﻢ اﳌﻌــﺎدن‬ ‘ilm al-m.
mineralogy; ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻪ‬ ‫ اﻣﺘﺤﻦ‬to probe into s.o.’s very nature
‫ ﻣﻌﺪن‬ma‘dan (eg.; syr, ma‘din) very good! bravo! well done!
‫ ﻣﻌـﺪﱐ‬ma‘dinī metallic, mineral; ‫ اﳌﻌـﺪﻧﻴﺎت‬mineralogy | ‫ ﻣـﺎء ﻣﻌـﺪﱐ‬mineral
water
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻦ‬ta‘dīn mining of metals and minerals; mining, mining industry
‫ ﻣﻌﺪن‬mu‘addin miner
‫‘ ﻋﺪ ن‬adnān2 legendary ancestor of the North Arabs
‫‘ )ﻋـﺪا )ﻋـﺪو‬adā u (‘adw) to run, speed, gallop, dash, race; to pass (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or
‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), go past s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to give up, abandon, leave
(‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o., s.th.); to pass over, bypass, omit (‫ ه‬s. o.), not to bother ( ‫ب‬
‫ ه‬s.o. with), exempt, except (‫ ب ب‬s.o. from); to cross, overstep, exceed,
transcend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), go beyond s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to exceed the proper bounds; to
infect (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); -- u (‫‘ ﻋـﺪو‬adw, ‘udūw, ‫‘ ﻋـﺪاء‬adā’, ‫‘ ﻋـﺪوان‬udwān, ‘idwān) to
engage in aggressive, hostile action, commit an aggression, a hostile act
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to act unjustly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward), wrong (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to assail,
assault, attack, raid (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); -- u (‫‘ ﻋـﺪو‬adw) to handicap, hamper,
impede, obstruct (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o. in); to prevent, hinder (‫ ﻋﻦ ه‬s.o. from) | ‫ﻋﺪا ﻃـﻮرﻩ‬
(ṭaurahū) to transcend one’s bounds or limits; ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺪو ان ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻪ‬not to rail to do
s.th.; to do s.th. inevitably; ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻌـﺪو ان ﻳﻜـﻮن‬... it is no more than , it is only or
987
merely ... II to cause to cross, overstep, exceed or transcend; to ferry (‫ ه‬s.o.,

over a river); (gram.) to make transitive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a verb); to give up, abandon,
leave (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.); to cross (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a river) III to treat as an
enemy (‫ ه‬s.o.), show enmity (‫ ه‬toward s.o.), be at war, feud (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
fall out (‫ ه‬with s.o.), contract the enmity (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to act hostility (‫ه‬
toward s.o.); to counteract, disobey (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), act in opposition (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
to), contravene, infringe (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to infect (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻣﻦ‬with a disease) V to
cross, overstep (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to traverse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to exceed, transcend, surpass (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.). go beyond s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to go beyond s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬and turn one’s attention to
s.th. else (‫)اﱃ‬, not to be limited to s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬but also to comprise (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.
else), extend beyond s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬to s.th. else (‫ ;)اﱃ‬to overtake, pass, outstrip,
outdistance, leave behind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to overcome, surmount (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a
crisis); to pass on, shift, spread (‫ اﱃ‬to); to transgress, infract, violate, break
Confidential
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., laws); to engage in brutal, hostile action, commit aggression, a
hostile act (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to act unjustly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward s.o.); to assail, assault,

attack, raid (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to infringe, encroach, make inroads (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon) |
‫( ﺗﻌﺪى ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻀﺮب‬ḍarb) to come to blow, with s.o., lay hands upon s.o. VI to
harbor mutual enmity, be hostile to one another, be enemies VII to be
infected (‫ ب‬with a disease), catch an infection (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by, from) VIII to cross,
overstep (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to exceed, transcend, surpass (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), go beyond s.th. (‫;)ﻫـ‬
to act outrageously, brutally, unlawfully (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to commit excesses
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to engage in aggressive, brutal, hostile action (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against),
commit an aggression, a hostile act (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to act unjustly (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
toward); to violate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a woman); to assail, assault, attack, raid (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.,
s.th.), infringe, encroach, make inroads (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon), make an attempt on
s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬Iif. X to appeal for assistance (‫ ه‬to s.o. ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to stir up,
rouse, incite (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. against)
988
‫‘ ﻋـﺪا‬adā, ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻋـﺪا‬or ‫ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﻋـﺪا‬fī-mā ‘adā (with foll. acc. or genit.) except,
save, with the exception of, excepting ...; ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﺪا‬besides
‫‘ ﻋﺪو‬adw running, run, race (also in sports)
‫‘ ﻋﺪوة‬udwa side, slope (of a volley), bank, embankment (of a river), shore
‫‘ ﻋﺪو‬aduw pl. ‫ اﻋﺪاء‬a‘dā’, ‫‘ ﻋﺪى‬idan, ‘udan, ‫‘ ﻋﺪاة‬udāh, ‫ اﻋﺎد‬a‘ādin, f. ‫ﻋﺪوة‬
‘adūwa enemy | ‫اﻟﺪ‬ ،‫( )ﻋﺪو ﻟﺪود )ﻟﺪﻳﺪ‬ladūd, aladd) foe, archenemy
‫‘ ﻋﺪوة‬adūwa fem. of ‫‘ ﻋﺪو‬adūw
‫‘ ﻋﺪى‬adīy acting hostilely, aggressive
‫‘ ﻋﺪاء‬adā’ enmity, hostility, antagonism, animosity; aggression
‫‘ ﻋﺪاﺋﻲ‬adā’ī hostile, inimical, antagonistic, aggressive
‫‘ ﻋﺪاء‬adā’ runner, racer
‫ اﻋﺪى‬a‘dā: ‫ اﻋﺪى اﻷﻋﺪاء‬a. l-a‘dā’ the worst of enemies
‫‘ ﻋﺪوى‬adwd infection, contagion; -- ‘udwā hostile action
‫‘ ﻋﺪاوة‬adāwa pl. -āt enmity, hostility, antagonism, animosity
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋــﺪواء‬udawā’2 hindrance, handicap, impediment; inconvenience,
nuisance, discomfiture | ‫ذو ﻋــﺪواء‬ rough, rugged, uneven; adverse,
discomfiting, inconvenient; bad, poor (mount)
‫‘ ﻋﺪوان‬udwān, ‘idwān enmity, hostility, hostile action, aggression
‫‘ ﻋﺪواﱐ‬udwānī: ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺪواﻧﻴﺔ‬policy of aggression
‫ ﻣﻌﺪى‬ma‘dan escape, way out, avoidance | ‫( ﻻ ﻣﻌـﺪى ﻣﻨـﻪ‬ma‘dā) inevitable,
unavoidable, inescapable
‫ ﻣﻌﺪﻳﺔ‬ma‘diya pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎد‬ma‘ādin ferry, ferryboat
‫ ﺗﻌﺪﻳـﺔ‬ta‘diya ferrying, ferry service; conversion into the transitive form
(gram.)
‫ ﺗﻌـﺪ‬ta‘addin crossing, overstepping, exceeding, transcending; overtaking,
passing (e.g., of an automobile); -- (pl. ‫ﺗﻌــﺪ ت‬ ta‘addiyāt) infraction,
violation, breach (e.g., of laws), transgression, encroachment, inroad (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

on), infringement of the law; offense against law, tort, delict (Isl. Law);
attack, assault; aggression
‫ اﻋﺘـﺪاء‬i‘tidā’ pl. -āt attack, assault, raid, inroad (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), attempt (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on
s.o.’s life), criminal attack (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); outrage (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon); aggression (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
989
against; esp. pol.) ‫اﻻﻋﺘـﺪاء‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻫـﺪة )اﺗﻔـﺎق( ﻋـﺪم‬mu‘āhadat (ittifāq) ‘adam al-i‘t.
pact of nonaggression
‫‘ ﻋﺎد‬ādin pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاد‬awādin aggressive, attacking, assailing, raiding; (pl. ‫ﻋﺪاة‬
‘udāh) enemy | ‫اﻟﻮﺣﻮش‬ ‫ ﻋﻮاد‬beasts of prey, predatory animals
‫‘ ﻋﺎدﻳــﺔ‬ādiya pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋـﻮاد‬awādin wrong, offense, misdeed, outrage;
adversity, misfortune, reverse; obstacle, impediment, obstruction; pi.
vicissitudes | ‫‘( ﻋـﺪت ﻋﻠـﻴﻬﻢ ﻋـﻮاد‬adal) fate dealt them heavy blows, they fell
on evil days
‫ ﻣﻌﺎد‬mu‘ādin hostile, inimical, antagonistic
‫ ﻣﻌﺪ‬mu‘din contagious, infectious | ‫ اﻣﺮاض ﻣﻌﺪﻳﺔ‬contagious diseases
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺪ‬muta‘addin transitive (gram.); aggressor, assailant
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﺪ‬mu‘tadin pl. -ūn assailant, assassin; aggressor (pol.)
‫‘ ﻋـﺬب‬aduba u (‫‘ ﻋﺬوﺑـﺔ‬udūba) to be sweet, pleasant, agreeable; -- ‘adaba i
to hinder, handicap, impede, obstruct (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to afflict, pain, torment,
try, agonize, torture, rack (‫ ه‬s.o.); to punish, chastise, castigate (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
Confidential
be punished, suffer punishment; to feel pain, suffer; to torment s.o., be in
agony, be harassed X to find (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) sweet, pleasant, or agreeable; to think
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) beautiful, nice
‫‘ ﻋـﺬب‬adb pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺬاب‬idāb sweet; pleasant, agreeable | ‫ ﻣﻴـﺎﻩ ﻋـﺬب‬fresh
water; ‫اﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ ﻋﺬب‬entertaining, amusing, companionable, personable
‫‘ ﻋـﺬاب‬adāb pl. -āt, ‫ اﻋﺬﺑـﺔ‬a‘diba pain, torment, suffering, agony, torture;
punishment, chastisement, castigation
‫‘ ﻋﺬوﺑﺔ‬udūba sweetness
‫ اﻋﺬب‬a‘dab2 sweeter, more pleasant, more agreeable
‫ ﺗﻌ ــﺬﻳﺐ‬ta‘dīb affliction, tormenting, agonizing, torture, torturing;
punishment, chastisement, castigation
‫‘ ﻋـﺬر‬adara i (‘udr, ‫ ﻋـﺬر‬ma‘dira) to excuse, absolve from guilt (‫ ه‬s.o.),
forgive (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.o. s.th.) | ‫ ﱂ ﻳﻌـﺬرﱐ‬he wouldn’t let me give any excuses,
he wouldn’t take no for an answer, he kept insisting; -- ‘adara i (‘adr) to
circumcise (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = I; to have an excuse | ‫اﻧـﺬر‬ ‫( اﻋـﺬر ﻣـﻦ‬man a‘dara) he
who warns is excused V to be difficult, impossible, impracticable,
unfeasible (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for) VIII to excuse o.s. apologize (‫ل‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ or ‫اﱃ‬ to s.o. for
990
s.th.); to give or advance (‫ ب‬s.th.) as an excuse (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬for), plead s.th.

(‫ )ب‬in defense of (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ )ﻣـﻦ‬X to wish to be excused; to make an apology,
excuse o.s., apologize
‫‘ ﻋــﺬر‬udr pl. ‫ اﻋــﺬار‬a‘dār excuse | ‫ اﺑــﻮ ﻋــﺬر‬abū ‘u. (with foll. genit.)
responsible for, answerable for; ‫ﻫـﻮ اﺑـﻮ ﻋـﺬر ﻫـﺬا اﻟﺘﻄـﻮر‬ (taṭawwur) he is the
originator of this development
‫‘ ﻋﺬرة‬udra virginity, virginhood; name of an Arab tribe | ‫اﺑﻮ ﻋﺬرة = اﺑﻮ ﻋـﺬر‬
see above
‫‘ ﻋﺬري‬udrī belonging to the tribe of ‘udra (see above)
‫( اﳍﻮى اﻟﻌﺬري‬hawā) platonic love
‫‘ ﻋﺬار‬idār pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺬر‬udur cheek; fluff, first growth of heard (on the cheeks);
cheekpiece (of a horse’s harness) | ‫ ﺧﻠـﻊ ﻋـﺬارﻩ‬to throw off all restraint, drop
all pretenses of shame; ‫اﻟﻌﺬار‬ ‫ ﺧﺎﻟﻊ‬unrestrained, wanton, uninhibited
‫‘ ﻋـﺬراء‬adrā’2 pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺬارى‬adārā virgin; ‫ اﻟﻌـﺬراء‬Virgo (astron.); the Virgin
Mary (Chr.) | ‫ﻋﺬراء‬ ‫( ﻓﺘﺎة‬fatāh) maiden, virgin
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‫ ﻣﻌﺬرة‬ma‘dira pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎذر‬ma‘ādir2 excuse, forgiveness, pardon
‫ ﻣﻌﺬار‬mi‘dār pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎذﻳﺮ‬ma’ādīr2 excuse, plea
‫ ﺗﻌﺬر‬ta‘addur difficulty, impossibility, impracticability, unfeasibility
‫ اﻋﺘﺬار‬i‘tidār apology, excuse, plea
‫ ﻣﻌﺬور‬ma‘dūr excused, justified, warranted; excusable
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺬر‬muta‘addir difficult, impossible, impracticable, unfeasible
‫‘ ﻋﺬق‬idq pl. ‫ اﻋﺬاق‬a‘dāq bunch, cluster (of dates, of grapes)
‫‘ ﻋـﺬل‬adala u (‘adl) to blame, censure, reprove, rebuke, reproach (‫ ه‬s.o.)
II = I
‫‘ ﻋﺬل‬adl blame, censure, reproof, reproach
‫‘ ﻋﺬول‬adūl stem censurer, rebuker, severe critic
‫‘ ﻋـﺎذل‬ādil pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺬال‬uddāl, f. ‫‘ ﻋﺎذﻟـﺔ‬ādila pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﻮاذل‬awādil2 censurer,
reprover, critic
(‫ ﻋـﺬو‬and ‫‘ ﻋـﺬى( ﻋـﺬا‬adā u and ‫‘ ﻋـﺬى‬adiya a to be healthy (country, city;
due to its climate, air, etc.)
991
‫‘ ﻋـﺮ‬arra u to be a shame, be a disgrace (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.o., for s.th.); to bring

shame or disgrace (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬upon s.o., upon s.th.), disgrace, dishonor (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.,
s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺮة‬urra scabies, mange; dung; a disgraceful, shameful thing
‫‘ ﻋﺮر‬arar scabies, mange
‫ ﻣﻌﺮة‬ma‘arra shame, disgrace, ignominy; stain, blemish, stigma
‫ ﻣﻌﱰ‬mu‘tarr miserable, wretched; scoundrel, rogue
‫ ﻋـﺮب‬II to Arabicize, make Arabic (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.): to translate into
Arabic (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to express, voice, state clearly, declare (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to give
earnest money, give a handsel, make a down payment IV to Arabicize, make
Arabic (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), give an Arabic form (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to make plain or
clear, state clearly, declare (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), express (unmistakably), utter,
voice, proclaim, make known, manifest, give to understand (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th., esp. a

sentiment), give expression (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to s.th., esp. to a sentiment); (gram.) to use
Confidential
desinential inflection, pronounce the i‘rāb V to assimilate o.s. to the Arab,
become an Arab, adopt the custom, of the Arabs X = V
‫‘ ﻋـﺮب‬arab (coll.) pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮوب‬urūb, ‫ اﻋـﺮب‬a‘rub, ‫‘ ﻋـﺮ ن‬urbān, ‫ اﻋـﺮاب‬a‘rāb
Arabs; true Arabs, Arabs of the desert, Bedouins
‫‘ ﻋــﺮﰊ‬arabī Arab, Arabic, Arabian; truly Arabic; an Arab; ‫ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴــﺔ‬the
‘Arabīya, the language of the ancient Arabs; classical, or literary, Arabic
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑـﺔ‬araba a swift river; (pl. -āt) carriage, vehicle, wagon, cart; (railroad)
car, coach; araba, coach | ‫اﻷﺟـﺮة‬‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑﺔ‬a. al-ujra cab, hack, hackney; ‫ﻋﺮﺑـﺔ اﻷﻛـﻞ‬
‘a. al-akl dining car, diner; ‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑـﺔ رش‬a. rašš water wagon, sprinkling wagon;
‫ ﻋﺮﺑـﺔ رﻛـﻮب‬cab, hack, hackney; ‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑـﺔ اﻟﺸـﺤﻦ‬a. aš-šaḥn wagon, lorry; freight
car; ‫( ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ‬maṭ‘am) dining car, diner; ‫ ﻋﺮﺑﺔ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬baby carriage; ‫ﻋﺮﺑـﺔ اﻟﻨﻘـﻞ‬
‘a. an-naql wagon, lorry, van; freight car; ‫اﻟﻨـﻮم‬ ‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑـﺔ‬a. an-naum sleeping car,
sleeper; ‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑﺔ‬a. yad handcart, pushcart; wheelbarrow
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬arabīya pl. -āt carriage, vehicle; araba, coach; see ‫ﻋﺮﰊ‬
‫‘ ﻋﺮﲜﻲ‬arbajī pl. -īya coachman, cabman
‫‘ ﻋﺮﲞﺎﻧﺔ‬arbakāna car shed, coach house
‫‘ ﻋﺮاب‬arrāb godfather, sponsor
992
‫ ﻋﺮاﺑﺔ‬arrāba godmother, sponsor

‫ اﻋﺮاﰊ‬a‘rābī pl. ‫ اﻋﺮاب‬a‘rāb an Arab of the desert, a Bedouin
‫‘ ﻋﺮوﺑﺔ‬urūba Arabism, Arabdom, the Arab idea, the Arab character
‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳ ــﺐ‬ta‘rīb Arabicizing, Arabization; translation into Arabic;
incorporation (of loanwords) into Arabic
‫ اﻋـﺮاب‬i‘rāb manifestation, declaration, proclamation, pronouncement,
utterance; expression (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of a sentiment); desinential inflection (gram.)
‫ ﻣﻌﺮب‬mu‘arrib translator into Arabic
‫ ﻣﻌﺮب‬mu‘arrab Arabicized; translated into Arabic
‫ ﻣﻌﺮب‬mu‘rab desinentially inflective (gram.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮب‬musta‘rib Arabist
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑﺪ‬arbada to be quarrelsome, be contentious, pick quarrels; to be noisy,
boisterous, riotous, raise a din
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑﺪ‬arbada quarrelsomeness, contentiousness; noise, din, uproar, riot
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺪ‬irbīd quarrelsome, contentious; noisy, boisterous, riotous
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻌﺮﺑﺪ‬mu‘arbid quarrelsome, contentious; noisy, boisterous, riotous
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑﺲ‬arbasa to upset, disturb, confuse (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫‘ ﻋـﺮﺑﻦ‬arbana to give earnest money, give a handsel, make a down
payment (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺑـﻮن‬urbūn, ‘arabūn pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮاﺑﲔ‬arābīn2 handsel, earnest money, down

payment; pledge, pawn, gage
‫‘ ﻋـﺮج‬araja u (‫‘ ﻋـﺮوج‬urūj) to ascend, mount, rise; -- ‘arija a (‘araj) to be
lame, walk lamely, limp, hobble II to turn (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to, toward); to stop, halt,
stop over (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in, at); to turn (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬off s.th.), swerve (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to lame,
cripple, paralyze (‫ ه‬s.o.); to zigzag, make zigzag (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to lame,
cripple, paralyze (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to zigzag, follow a zigzag course VII to incline,
lean, bend, curve; to be or become crooked, curved, bent, sinuous, winding
‫‘ ﻋﺮج‬araj lameness
‫ اﻋـﺮج‬a‘raj2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﺮﺟـﺎء‬arjā’2, pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮج‬urj, ‫‘ ﻋﺮﺟـﺎن‬urjān lame, limping; --
jack (in a deck of cards)
‫ ﻣﻌﺮج‬ma‘raj pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎرج‬ma‘ārij2 place of ascent; (route of) ascent
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‫ ﻣﻌﺮج‬mi‘raj pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎرج‬ma‘ārij2 ladder, stairs

‫ ﻣﻌـﺮاج‬mi‘rāj; pl. ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎرﻳﺞ‬ma‘ārīj2 ladder, stairs; ‫ اﳌﻌـﺮاج‬the midnight journey
to the seven heavens (made by Mohammed on the 27th of Rajab, from
Jerusalem) | ‫اﳌﻌـﺮاج‬ ‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ‬lailat al-m. the night of Mohammed’s ascension to the
seven heavens
‫ ﺗﻌـﺎرﻳﺞ‬ta‘ārīj2 (pl.) curves, curvatures, bends, turns, twists, windings,
sinuosities; wavy lines, serpentines
‫ ﺗﻌﺮج‬ta‘arruj zigzag (course)
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺮج‬muta‘arrij winding, twisting, tortuous, sinuous; zigzag
‫ ﻣﻨﻌﺮج‬mun‘arij crooked, curved, bent, winding, twisting, tortuous, sinuous
‫ ﻣﻨﻌﺮج‬mun‘araj pl. -āt bend, turn, curve, twist, angle (of roads, etc.)
‫‘ ﻋـﺮزال‬irzāl hut or shack of the rural warden (usually in a tree or on top of
a roof)
‫ ﻋﺮس‬II (nejd.) to marry (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to) IV to arrange a wedding feast
‫‘ ﻋﺮس‬urs, ‘urus pl. ‫ اﻋﺮاس‬a‘rās, ‫‘ ﻋﺮﺳﺎت‬urusāt marriage; wedding, wedding
feast
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺮس‬irs pl. ‫ اﻋﺮاس‬a‘rās husband; wife | ‫ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺮس‬ibn ‘irs pl. ‫ ﺑﻨـﺎت ﻋـﺮس‬banāt
‘irs weasel (zool.)
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺳﺔ‬irsa weasel
‫‘ ﻋـﺮوس‬arūs pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮس‬urus bridegroom; f. (pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮاﺋﺲ‬arā’is) bride; doll;
‫ اﻟﻌﺮوﺳـﺎن‬al-‘arūsān bride and groom, the newlyweds | ‫‘ ﻋـﺮاﺋﺲ اﻟﻨﻴـﻞ‬a. an-nīl
lotus
‫‘ ﻋﺮوﺳـﺔ‬arūsa pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮاﺋﺲ‬arā’is2 bride; doll, baby doll | ‫‘ ﻋﺮوﺳـﺔ اﻟﱪﻗـﻊ‬a. al-
burqu‘ metal tubes ornamenting the veil of Muslim women
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳﺲ‬arīs bridegroom
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳﺲ‬irrīs lair of a lion, lion’s den
‫‘ ﻋـﺮش‬araša i u to erect a trellis (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for grapevines), train on a trellis or
espalier, to trellis, to espalier (‫ ﻫـ‬vines) II to roof over (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺮش‬arš pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮوش‬urūš, ‫ اﻋﺮاش‬a‘rāš throne; tribe (magr.)
‫‘ ﻋـﺮﻳﺶ‬arīš pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮش‬uruš, ‫‘ ﻋـﺮاﺋﺶ‬arā’iš2 arbor, bower; hut made of twigs;
booth, shack, shanty; trellis (for grapevines); shaft, carriage pole
‫ اﻟﻌﺮﻳﺶ‬El Arish (town in N Egypt, on Mediterranean)
994
‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺸﺔ‬ta‘rīša pl. ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﺶ‬ta‘ārīš2 trellis, lattice-work; arbor, bower

‫‘ ﻋﺮص‬araṣa a (‘araṣ) to be lively, gay, merry
‫‘ ﻋﺮص‬arṣa pl. ‘araṣāt, ‫ اﻋﺮاص‬a‘rāṣ vacant lot; courtyard, court of a house
‫ ﻣﻌﺮص‬mu‘arraṣ pimp, procurer; cuckold
1‫‘ ﻋـﺮض‬aruḍa u to be or become wide, broad, to widen, broaden; -- ‘araḍa
i (‘arḍ) to become visible, appear (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to get in s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬way; to

happen (‫ ل‬to s.o.), befall (‫ ل‬s.o.); to occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.), come to s.o.’s (‫)ل‬
mind; to turn (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.); to take care (‫ ل‬of), concern o.s. (‫ ل‬with),
turn one’s attention, put one’s mind, apply o.s., attend (‫ ل‬to), go in (‫ ل‬for),
go into s.th. (‫)ل‬, enter, embark (‫ ل‬upon), take up, treat (‫ ل‬s.th.), deal (‫ل‬
with); to show, demonstrate, present, set forth, display, exhibit, lay open,
submit, turn in (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. to s.o.), lay, put (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th. before s.o.); to show
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a film), stage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a play); to offer, suggest, propose (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
to s.o.); to subject (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to a critical examination, and the like); to
Confidential
inspect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to review (‫ ﻫ ـ‬troops), pass in review (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also before
one’s mental eye); pass. ‘uriḍa to be or go mad, insane | ‫ ﻋـﺮض ﻟـﻪ ﻋـﺎرض‬an
obstacle arose in his path; ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ ﻋﺮض ﻟﻪ‬a thought occurred to him, he had an
idea II to make wide or broad, widen, broaden, extend (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to expose ( ‫ل‬
‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. to s.th., esp. to risk: ‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to the sun); to intimate,
insinuate (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.), allude (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬to), hint (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬at) | ‫ ﻋﺮﺿـﻪ ﻟﻠﻨـﻮر‬to
hold s.th. against the light III to offer resistance (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), resist
(‫ﻫ ـ‬, s.o., s.th.), work against s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to contradict, oppose (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.), raise objections, protest, remonstrate (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬against s.o., against
s.th.); to be against s.o. or s.th. (‫ﻫ ـ‬, .); to avoid, shun (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
compare (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with) IV to turn away, avert o.s. (‫ ب‬from), avoid, shun
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), shirk (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬s.th.), give up, abandon, relinquish, discard,
renounce, disclaim (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); not to mention (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.): ‫ اﱃ‬... ‫ اﻋـﺮض ﻋـﻦ‬to
turn away from s.th. and to s.th. else V to resist, oppose (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), stand
995
up (‫ ل‬against), raise objections, object (‫ ل‬to); to face (‫ ل‬s.th., e.g., a

problem); to interfere (‫ ل‬with), meddle (‫ ل‬in); to put one’s mind, turn one’s
attention (‫ ل‬to), go into s.th. (‫ل‬, e.g., a topic): to undertake (‫ ل‬s.th.), embark
(‫ ل‬upon s.th.); to expose o.s., be exposed, be subjected (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to run the
risk (‫ ل‬of), risk (‫ ل‬doing or being s.th.); to dare, venture, risk (‫ ل‬s.th.) VI to
oppose one another; to be contradictory, conflict, be incompatible (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with)
VIII to betake o.s., go, present o.s. (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to raise an objection, make
objections, object (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬to). veto (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.th.), remonstrate, protest (‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬
against); to resist, oppose (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to stand up (‫ ل‬or ‫ه‬
,‫ ﻫـ‬against s.o.,
against s.th.), stand in, or obstruct, the way of s.o. or s.th. (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to
hinder impede, obstruct (‫ ل‬s.o.); to happen (‫ ه‬to s.o.), befall (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫اﻋﱰض‬
‫ ﺳـﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬to block s.o.’s way X to ask to be shown (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pass in
review (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. in one’s imagination, before one’s mental eye), call up,
Confidential
conjure up, call to one’s mind, picture to o.s., visualize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to weigh,
consider, examine (‫ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to inspect, review (‫ ﻫ ـ‬troops); to expound, set

forth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to proceed ruthlessly; to massacre without much ado (‫ ﻫـﻢ‬the
enemy)
‫‘ ﻋـﺮض‬arḍ pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮوض‬urūḍ breadth; width; presentation, demonstration,
staging, show(ing), performance; display, exposition, exhibition;
submission, filing (e.g., of an application); proposition, proposal, offer,
tender; parade; review (mil.); merchandise, goods | ‫ ﻟﻌﺮض‬across, crosswise,
in breadth; ‫واﻟﻄﻠـﺐ‬ ‫( اﻟﻌـﺮض‬ṭalab) supply and demand; ‫‘ ﻋـﺮض اﻷز ء‬a. al-azyā’
fashion show; ‫‘ ﻋــﺮض ﺣــﺎل‬a. ḥāl or ‫ ﻋﺮﺿــﺤﺎل‬pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮﺿــﺤﺎﻻت‬arḍuḥālāt
application, petition, memorial; ‫ ﺧـﻂ )درﺟـﺔ( اﻟﻌـﺮض‬kaṭṭ (darajat) al-‘a. degree
of latitude; ‫اﻟﻌﺮض‬ ‫ ﺷﺒﺎك‬šubbāk al-‘a. show window; ‫ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻌﺮض‬yaum al-‘a. the
Day of Judgment, Doomsday
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬arḍī cross- (in compounds), transverse, horizontal | ‫( ﺧﻂ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬kaṭṭ)
latitudinal degree, geographical latitude
‫‘ ﻋـﺮض‬urḍ pl. ‫ اﻋـﺮاض‬a‘rāḍ honor, good repute; dignity | ‫ ا ﰲ ﻋﺮﺿـﻚ‬I rely
on your generosity, have mercy upon me!
996
‫‘ ﻋﺮض‬urḍ side; middle | ‫‘( ﰲ ﻋـﺮض اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬u. il-baḥr) at sea, on the high seas;
‫ اﻟﻘﻰ )ﺿـﺮب( ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺮض اﳊـﺎﺋﻂ‬to undervalue, scorn, disdain, despise, reject s.th.;
to ruin, thwart, foil s.th.; to throw s.th. overboard, jettison s.th.; ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ اﻟﻴـﻪ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫‘( ﻋـﺮض‬an ‘urdin) he looked askance at him, he gave him a slanting glance
(contemptuously); ‫ ﰲ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻨـﺎس‬amid the crowd of people; ‫ﻫـﻮ ﻣـﻦ ﻋـﺮض اﻟﻨـﺎس‬
he belongs to the common people
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺿﺎﱐ‬arḍānī transversal, transverse, latitudinal; measured crosswise
‫‘ ﻋـﺮض‬araḍ pl. ‫ اﻋـﺮاض‬a‘rāḍ accident (philos.); contingent, nonessential
characteristic; s.th. nonessential, a contingent, s.th. accidental: symptom,
manifestation of disease; ‫‘ ﻋﺮﺿﺎ‬araḍan, ‫ ﻟﻌﺮض‬incidentally, by chance
‫‘ ﻋﺮﺿـﻲ‬araḍī accidental (philos.), non-essential, unessential; incidental,
accidental, contingent, fortuitous, casual; ‫ﻋﺮﺿــﻴﺎت‬ ‘arādīyāt unessential
incidents, unessentials; accidentals | ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺔ‬venial sin (Chr.)

‫‘ ﻋﺮﺿـﺔ‬urḍa target; (object of) intention, intent, design; object (‫ ل‬of):
Confidential
exposed, subject(ed), liable (‫ ل‬to s.th.); (with foll. genit.) suitable for, fitting
for, appropriate for
‫‘ ﻋـﺮوض‬arūḍ prosody; (pl. ‫ اﻋـﺎرﻳﺾ‬a‘ārīḍ2) last foot of the first hemistich |
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﺮوض‬ilm al-‘a. metrics, prosody
‫‘ ﻋﺮوﺿﻲ‬arūḍī prosodic(al), metrical
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‬arīḍ pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮاض‬irāḍ broad, wide; extensive, vast
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳﻀﺔ‬arīḍa pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮاﺋﺾ‬arā’iḍ2 petition, application, memorial
‫ ﻣﻌــﺮض‬ma‘riḍ pl. ‫ ﻣﻌــﺎرض‬ma‘āriḍ2 place where s.th. is exhibited or
displayed; showroom, stage; exposition, exhibition; show; fair (com.); (with
foll. genit.) time, occasion for s.th. | ‫( ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮض‬with foll. genit.) in the form of
..., in ... manner; on the occasion of, at the occurrence or appearance of; ‫ﻟﺴﻨﺎ‬
‫ اﻵن ﰲ ﻣﻌـﺮض‬... (lasnā) with foll. verbal noun: this is not the place for us to
...; ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ ﻟﺴـﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌـﺮض اﻟﻜـﻼم‬let us not speak of ... now, this is not the place to
speak of ...; ‫ ﻣﻌﺮض اﻷز ء‬m. al-azyā’ fashion show; ‫ ﻣﻌﺮض اﻟﺼﺤﻒ‬m. aṣ-ṣuḥuf
press review
‫ ﻣﻌﺮض‬mi‘raḍ wedding gown
997
‫ ﻣﻌـﺮاض‬mi‘rāḍ: ‫( ﻗـﺎل ﰲ ﻣﻌـﺮاض ﻛﻼﻣـﻪ‬m. kalāmihī) to mention casually, say

among other things
‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬ta‘rīḍ intimation, allusion, hint, indication
‫ ﻣﻌﺎرﺿــﺔ‬mu‘āraḍa opposition (esp. pol.); resistance, contradiction,
remonstrance, objection, exception, protect; O resistance (el.)
‫ اﻋﺮاض‬i‘rāḍ shunning, avoidance, evasion; reluctance | ‫ ﰲ اﻋﺮاض‬reluctantly
‫ ﺗﻌﺎرض‬ta‘āruḍ conflict, clash, antagonism, contradiction, contrariety
‫ اﻋ ـﱰاض‬i‘tirāḍ pl. -āt resistance, opposition, objection, exception,
counterargument, counterassertion, counterblast, riposte, rebuttal, rejoinder,
expostulation, remonstrance, protest; (right of) veto (Isl. Law) | ‫اﻻﻋـﱰاض‬ ‫ﺣـﻖ‬
ḥaqq al-i‘t. (right of) veto (pol.)
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺮاض‬isti‘rāḍ examination, survey; parade, review; revue, musical show
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺮاﺿـﻲ‬isti‘rāḍī revue-, show- (in compounds), revue-like | ‫ﻓﺮﻗـﺔ اﺳﺘﻌﺮاﺿـﻴﺔ‬
(firqa) Show troupe; revue troupe; ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺮاﺿﻲ‬ ‫ ﻓﻠﻢ‬film musical
‫‘ ﻋـﺎرض‬āriḍ pl. -ūn exhibitor (e.g., at a fair); demonstrator; -- (pl. ‫ﻋـﻮارض‬
Confidential
‘awāriḍ) obstacle, impediment, obstruction; temporary disturbance,
anomalous condition (physically); attack, fit, spell; s.th. accidental, s.th.
nonessential, an accidcnt; side of the face; -- ‫ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿـﺎن‬the cheeks | ‫ﺧﻔﻴـﻒ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿـﲔ‬k. al-‘āriḍain having a sparse beard; ‫ ﰲ ﻋـﺎرض اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬in the middle of
the road
‫ ﻋﺎرﺿـﺔ‬āriḍa pl. -āt woman demonstrator, woman exhibitor; -- (pl. ‫ﻋـﻮارض‬
‘awāriḍ2) side of the face; doorpost, jamb; crossbeam, transom; joist, girder;
purlin; O anode (el.) | ‫ﻗــﻮة اﻟﻌﺎرﺿــﺔ‬ qūwat al-‘ā. eloquence; ‫ﻋﺎرﺿــﺔ اﻷز ء‬
mannequin
‫‘ ﻋﺎرﺿﻲ‬āridī accidental, casual, occasional
‫ ﻣﻌـﺮوض‬ma‘rūd pl. ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎرﻳﺾ‬ma‘ārīḍ2 exposition, report; memorial, petition,
application; -- pl. -āt propositions, proposals, offers, tenders; exhibits,
exhibited articles
‫ ﻣﻌﺎرض‬mu‘āriḍ adversary, opponent, antagonist, opposer; contradicter
‫ ﻣﻌﱰض‬mu‘tariḍ running or lying across, transversal, transverse; adversary,
opponent, antagonist, opposer; contradicter; resistance (el.) | ‫ﲨﻠـﺔ ﻣﻌﱰﺿــﺔ‬
(jumla) parenthetical clause, parenthesis
2‫‘ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬urḍī (from Turk. ordu) military encampment, army camp
998
‫‘ ﻋـﺮف‬arafa i (‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬ma‘rifa, ‫‘ ﻋﺮﻓـﺎن‬irfān) to know (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to

recognize, perceive (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be cognizant, be aware (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.),
be acquainted (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.), to discover, experience, find out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
recognize, acknowledge (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th. as being right; ‫ﻫـ ﻫـ‬ s.th. as); to
concede, acknowledge (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ل‬ s.th. to s.o.), allow (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ل‬ for s.th. in s.o.); to
approve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to distinguish, differentiate (‫ه‬
,‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. from); pass.
‘urifa to be known (‫ ب‬as, by the name of) | ‫( ﻋـﺮف ﺣـﻖ اﳌﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬ḥaqqa l-m.) to
know for sure, be sure (of), be positive (about); ‫ﻋﺮﻓـﺖ ﻟـﻪ اﳉﻤﻴـﻞ‬ she was
grateful to him, she appreciated his service, she gratefully acknowledged his
service II to announce (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.), inform, advise, apprise (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o.
of), acquaint (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. with s.th.); to introduce (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. to s.o. else),
have (‫ ه‬s.o.) meet (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ب‬ s.o. else), present (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. to s.o. else); to
define (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to determine, specify, characterize, explain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); (gram.)
to make definite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a noun); (Chr.) to confess (‫ ه‬a penitent), hear the
Confidential
confession (‫ ه‬of s.o.) V to become acquainted (‫ ب‬or ‫ اﱃ‬also ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.),
meet (‫ ب‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o.), make the acquaintance of s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ;)اﱃ‬to make o.s.
known, disclose one’s identity, reveal o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to acquaint o.s.,
familiarize o.s. (‫ل‬. or ‫ اﱃ‬with), get to know (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to sound,
explore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to trace, discover, uncover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (gram.) to be or

become definite (noun) VI to become acquainted with one another, become
mutually acquainted, get to know each other; to become acquainted (‫ب‬
with); to come to know (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), learn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬about) VIII to confess, admit,
acknowledge, own, avow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to recognize (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), grant
recognition (‫ ب‬to s.o., to s.th.); to concede, acknowledge (‫ب‬ ‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.);

to make a confession, to confess (Chr.) | ‫ اﻋـﱰف ﳉﻤﻴـﻞ‬to be grateful X to
discern, recognize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺮف‬arf fragrance, perfume, scent, aroma
‫‘ ﻋـﺮف‬urf beneficence, kindness; custom, usage, practice, convention,
tradition, habit; legal practice; custom, customary law (jur.); (pl. ‫ اﻋﺮاف‬a‘rāf)
999
crest, comb (or a rooster), mane (of a horse) | ‫ ﰲ ﻋﺮﻓـﻪ‬as was his wont,
according to his habit; in his opinion; ‫( اﻟﻌﺮف اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬siyāsī) protocol
‫‘ ﻋـﺮﰲ‬urfī traditional, conventional, usual, common, customary, habitual;
pertaining to secular legal practice (as opposed to šar‘ī); private, unofficial
(as opposed to rasmī) | ‫اﳊﻜـﻢ اﻟﻌـﺮﰲ‬ (ḥukm) martial law; ‫اﻷﺣﻜـﺎم اﻟﻌﺮﻓﻴـﺔ‬ do.;
‫( ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬maḥkama) court-martial
‫‘ ﻋـﺮف‬arīf pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮﻓـﺎء‬urafā’2 knowing (‫ ب‬s.th.), cognizant, aware (‫ ب‬of
s.th.); expert, authority, specialist; teaching assistant, monitor (an older
pupil assisting the teacher of a Koran school); sergeant (Ir.); corporal
(U.A.R); ‫ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎء‬a military rank, approx.: master sergeant (Ir., Syr.); ‫ﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻳـﻒ‬ approx.: corporal (Ir.); (pl. ‫ﻋﺮﻓـﺎن‬ ‘irfān) teacher, esp. a teacher and
precentor of congregational singing (Copt.-Chr.)
‫‘ ﻋﺮاف‬arrāf diviner, fortuneteller
‫‘ ﻋﺮاﻓﺔ‬arrāfa pl. -āt (woman) fortuneteller
‫‘ ﻋﺮاﻓﺔ‬irāfa fortuneteller’s trade; fortunetelling, divination
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻓـﺎت‬arafāt Arafat, name of a mountain and adjacent plain, located four
hours’ distance east of Mecca, where the Mecca pilgrims spend the 9th day
of Zu’lhijja
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻓـ ــﺎن‬irfān cognition, knowledge, perception; recognition,
acknowledgment | ‫اﳉﻤﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ ﻋﺮﻓـﺎن‬gratitude, thankfulness; ‫‘ ﻋﺮﻓـﺎن اﻟﻔﻀـﻞ‬i. al-faḍl
do.
‫ اﻋ ــﺮف‬a‘raf2 knowing better (‫ ب‬s.th.), more cognizant. more
knowledgeable (‫ ب‬of), better acquainted. more conversant (‫ ب‬with), more
expert, more versed (‫ ب‬in); a better connoisseur (‫ ب‬of); (f. ‫‘ ﻋﺮﻓـﺎء‬arfā’2)
having a crest or mane, crested, maned
‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬ma‘rifa pl. ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎرف‬ma‘ārif2 knowledge, learning, lore, information.
Skill, know-how; cognition, intellection, perception, experience, realization;
gnosis; acquaintance, cognizance, conversance, versedness; an acquainted
person, an acquaintance, a friend; (gram.) definite noun; pl. ‫ اﳌﻌـﺎرف‬cultural
affairs, education | ‫ ﲟﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬by, through (after the passive); ‫ ﻣـﻊ اﳌﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬knowingly,
deliberately (jur.); ‫‘( وزﻳـﺮ اﳌﻌـﺎرف اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬umāmīya) minister of education; ‫ﱂ‬

‫( ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ‬qaumihī) he was unknown among his people
‫ ﻣﻌﺎرف‬ma‘ārif2 face, countenance, features
1000
‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳ ــﻒ‬ta‘rīf pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﻌــﺎرﻳﻒ‬ta‘ārīf2 announcement, notification,

communication, information; instruction, direction; (social) introduction;
definition, determination, identification, specification, characterization; a
rendering definite (gram.) | ‫ اداة اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳـﻒ‬adāt at-t. (gram.) the definite article;
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬identity card
‫ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬ta‘rīfa notification, information, apprising; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‬ta‘ārīf2)
tariff; price list
‫ ﺗﻌـﺮف‬ta‘arruf acquaintance (‫ ب‬or ‫ اﱃ‬with); exploration, study; cognition,
knowledge, perception, realization
‫ اﻋـ ـﱰاف‬i‘tirāf recognition, acceptance; acknowledgment, avowal,
admission, confession; (Chr.) confession | ‫ اﻋﱰاﻓﺎ ب‬in recognition of; ‫اﻻﻋﱰاف‬
‫ﳉﻤﻴــﻞ‬ (bi-l-jamīl) gratitude, thankfulness; ‫اﺑــﻮ اﻻﻋـﱰاف‬ father-confessor,
‫ ﺳـﺮ اﻻﻋـﱰاف‬sirr al-i‘t. sacrament of penance (Chr.); ‫ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ‬

confessor (Chr.);
‫ اﻻﻋـﱰاف‬mu‘allim al-i‘t. father-confessor, confessor (Chr.); ‫ ﻣـﻦ اﻻﻋـﱰاف ان‬it
must be admitted that ..., admittedly ...
‫‘ ﻋﺎرف‬ārif acquainted, conversant, familiar (‫ ب‬with); connoisseur, expert;
Confidential
master (tun.)
‫‘ ﻋﺎرﻓﺔ‬ārifa (syr.) sage, wise man (of a village or tribe)
‫ ﻣﻌــﺮوف‬ma‘rūf known, well-known; universally accepted, generally
recognized; conventional; that which is good, beneficial, or fitting, good,
benefit; fairness, equity, equitableness; kindness, friendliness, amicability;
beneficence; favor rendered, courtesy, mark of friendship; active voice
(gram.) | ‫ﳌﻌـﺮوف‬ or‫ ﲟﻌـﺮوف‬in (all) fairness; with appropriate courtesy, in a
friendly manner, amicably; ‫ ﻛـﺮ اﳌﻌـﺮوف‬ungrateful; ‫ اﳌﻌـﺮوف ان‬it is (well-)
known that ..., as is well-known ..., it is commonly held that ..., it is
generally understood that ...
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف‬muta‘āraf or ‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬common, usual, customary; commonplace,
trivial, trite, hackneyed, banal
‫ ﻣﻌﱰف‬mu‘taraf confessor (in the hierarchy of saints; Chr.)
‫ ﻣﻌـﱰف ﺑـﻪ‬mu‘taraf bihī recognized, accepted, admitted, granted, approved-
of, licensed, authorized ‫‘ ﻫ ـ‬ariqa a (‘araq) to sweat, perspire II to make or let
(‫ ه‬s.o.) sweat, promote perspiration; to add water (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a drink), dilute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
drink); to take root, strike roots; to be deeply rooted; to vein, marble (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
IV to take root, strike roots V = IV
1001
‫‘ ﻋـﺮق‬irq pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮوق‬urūq root; stem (of a plant, of a leaf); vein (bot., anat.);
hereditary disposition; race, stock, descent | ‫اﻟـﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫‘ ﻋـﺮق‬i. ad-dahab ipecac,
ipecacuanha (bot.); ‫ﻋــﺮق ﺳــﻮس‬ ‘i. sūs licorice root; ‫‘ ﻋــﺮق اﻟﻨﺴــﺎ‬i. an-nasā
sciatica (med.);‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ اﻟﻌـﺮق‬ṭīb al-‘i. noble descent; ‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ اﻟﻌـﺮق‬ṭayyib al-‘i. of
noble descent, high born; ‫( اﻟﻌﺮق دﺳﺎس‬dassās) blood will tell, what ill bred in
the bone will come out in the flesh; ‫ ﺿـﺮب ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺑﻌـﺮق‬to have a share in s.th.,
participate in s.th.
‫‘ ﻋـﺮق‬araq sweat, perspiration; arrack, a strong colorless liquor made of
raisins, milky white when diluted with water
(esp. syr.; = eg. zabīb) | ‫‘ ﻋـﺮق اﻟﻘﺮﺑـﺔ‬a. al-qirba pains, toil, exertion; ‫ﻋـﺮق‬
‫( زﺣﻼوي‬zaḥlāwī) a well-known brand of arrack made in Zahlé (Lebanon)
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻗﺔ‬araqa transom between two layers of stone or brick
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬araqīya (eg.) white cotton skullcap often worn under the tarboosh)
‫‘ ﻋﺮاﻗـﺔ‬arāaqa deep-rootedness; ancient ancestral line, old family | ‫ﻋﺮاﻗـﺔ ﰲ‬
Confidential
‫( اﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬nasab) noble descent
‫‘ ﻋﺮاﻗﻴــﺔ‬arrāqīya (eg.) white cotton skullcap (often worn under the
tarboosh)
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳﻖ‬arīq deep-rooted | ‫( ﻋﺮﻳﻖ ﰲ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬qidam) ancient; centuried, centuries-
old; ‫ﻋﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬from an old, respectable family; ‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬a. an-nasab of
noble descent, highborn
‫ اﻟﻌﺮاق‬al-‘irāq Iraq; ‫ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﺎن‬al-‘irāqān Basra and Kufa
‫‘ ﻋﺮاق‬irāqī Iraqi, Iraqian; (pl. -ūn) an Iraqi
‫ اﻋﺮق‬a’raq2 more deep-rooted
‫ ﻣﻌﺮوق‬ma‘rūq gaunt, emaciated, lean (face, hand, etc.)
‫ ﻣﻌﺮق‬mu‘arriq sudorific, promoting perspiration
‫ ﻣﻌﺮق‬mu‘arraq veined; mu‘riq firmly rooted | ‫( ﻣﻌﺮق ﰲ اﻟﻘﺪم‬mu‘riq, qidam)
very old, ancient, centuried, centuries-old
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻗﺐ‬arqaba to hamstring (‫ ﻫـ‬an animal)
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻗـﻮب‬urqūb pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮاﻗﻴـﺐ‬arāqīb2 Achilles’ tendon; hamstring; ‘urqūb
name of a famed liar | ‫ﻋﺮﻗﻮب‬ ‫ اﻛﺬب ﻣﻦ‬a greater liar than ‘Urqūb
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻗﻮﰊ‬urqūbī false, deceitful (promise)
1002
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻗـﻞ‬arqala to render difficult, complicate, handicap, hinder, hamper,

encumber, impede, obstruct, delay (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), throw obstacle, in the
way of s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫( ;)ﻫ ـ‬tun.) to seize, confiscate, impound (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II
ta‘arqala to be aggravated, rendered difficult, be or become complicated, be
hindered, hampered, encumbered, impeded, obstructed, handicapped,
delayed
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻗﻠـﺔ‬arqala impeding, hindering, encumbering; -- (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮاﻗﻴـﻞ‬arāqīl2)
encumbrance, impediment, hindrance; obstacle, difficulty, handicap
‫‘ ﻋـﺮك‬araka u (‘ark) to rub (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn, adjust (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the knobs of a radio,
and the like) ; to play havoc (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), damage severely (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- ‘arika a
to be strong in battle, be a tough fighter III to fight, struggle, contend (‫ه‬
with s.o.) VI to engage in a fight, fight one another VIII = VI
‫‘ ﻋﺮك‬ark experience (gained through suffering)
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻛﺔ‬arka fight, struggle, battle, combat
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳﻜﺔ‬arīka disposition, frame of mind, temper, nature
‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ‬ma‘raka, ma‘ruka pl. ‫‘ ﻣﻌﺎرك‬arik2 battlefield; battle
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺮاك‬irāk struggle, fight, strife, battle, combat
‫ ﻣﻌﺎرﻛﺔ‬mu’āraka struggle, fight, strife, battle, combat
‫ ﻋﺮك‬mu’tarak fighting ground, battle ground
‫ ﻋﺮم‬II to heap up, pile up, stack (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII to be vicious; to be stubborn,
obstinate, headstrong
‫‘ ﻋـﺮم‬arim vicious; strong, violent, vehement, powerful, terrific; dam, dike
| ‫ﻋﺮم‬ ‫( ﺟﻴﺶ‬jaiš) numerous, huge army
‫‘ ﻋـﺮام‬urām viciousness (of character); violence, vehemence | ‫ﺳـﻴﻞ ﻋـﺮام‬
(sail) huge quantity, tremendous flood
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻣﺔ‬urma pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮم‬uram heap, pile, bulk, mass, large amount, multitude
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻣﺔ‬arama pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮم‬aram heap, pile, bulk, mass, huge amount, multitude
‫‘ ﻋـﺎرم‬ārim vicious; tempestuous, violent, vehement, strong; tremendous,
enormous, huge
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻣـﺮم‬aramram strong, violent, vehement | ‫( ﺟـﻴﺶ ﻋﺮﻣـﺮم‬jaiš) a numerous,
huge army
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳﻦ‬arīn pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮن‬urun thicket; lair of a lion, lion’s den
1003
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳﻨﺔ‬arīna pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮاﺋﻦ‬arā’in2 lair of a wild animal

‫‘ ﻋﺮﻧﲔ‬irnīn pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮاﻧﲔ‬arānīn2 upper part of the nose, bridge of the nose
‫’ ﻋﺮ س‬irnās pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺮاﻧﻴﺲ‬arānīs2 distaff | ‫‘ ﻋﺮ س ذرة‬i. dura corncob (syr.)
‫‘ )ﻋﺮا )ﻋﺮو‬arā u (‘arw) and VIII to befall, grip, seize, strike, afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.),
come, descend (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), happen (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to take possession (‫ ه‬of
s.o.)
‫‘ ﻋـﺮوة‬urwa pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮى‬uran buttonhole; loop, noose, coil; ear, handle (of a
jug, and the like); tie, bond, e.g., ‫ﻋــﺮى اﻟﺼــﺪاﻗﺔ‬ ‘u. aṣ-ṣadāqa bonds of
friendship; support, prop, stay | ‫اﻟـﻮﺛﻘﻰ‬ ‫( اﻟﻌـﺮوة‬wutqā) the firm, reliable grip or
hold, the firm tie
‫‘ ﻋـﺮي‬ariya a (‘ury, ‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳـﺔ‬urya) to be naked, nude; to be free, be bare (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
of) | ‫ﺛﻴﺎﺑـﻪ‬ (‫ ﻋـﺮي ﻋـﻦ )ﻣـﻦ‬to take off one’s clothes, strip (naked), undress, have
no clothes on; ‫ﻋـﺮى ﻋـﻦ ﻛـﻞ اﺳـﺎس‬ (asās) to be completely unfounded, be
without any foundation II to disrobe, unclothe, undress (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bare,
Confidential
denude, lay bare, uncover (‫ ه‬s.th.); to strip (‫ه‬
deprive, divest, strip (‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. of s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺮي‬ūry nakedness, nudity; unsaddled (horse)
‫‘ ﻋﺮﻳﺔ‬urya nakedness, nudity
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻴﺎﺑـﻪ‬s.o. of hill clothes); to
‫‘ ﻋـﺮاء‬arā’ nakedness, nudity; bareness; open space, open country | ‫ﰲ اﻟﻌـﺮاء‬

in the open air, under the open sky, outside, outdoors; ‫اﻟﻌﺮاء‬ ‫( ﻣﺴﺮح ﰲ‬masraḥ)
open-air theater
‫‘ ﻋـﺮ ن‬uryān pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮا‬arāyā naked, nude, undressed, bare | ‫ﻋـﺮ ن ﻣﻠــﻂ‬
(malṭ)`stark-naked (eg.)
O ‫ﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﺮ‬uryānīya nudism
‫ اﳌﻌﺎري‬al-ma‘ārī the uncovered parts of the body (hands, feet, face)
‫‘ ﻋــﺎر‬ārin pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺮاة‬urāh naked, nude, undressed, bare; free, devoid,
destitute, bare, deprived, stripped, denuded (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.th.); blank, bare
(e.g., a room), stark (e.g., a narrative) | ‫اﻷﻗﺪام‬ ‫ ﻋﺎري‬barefoot(ed), unshod
‫‘ ﻋـﺰ‬azza i (‘izz, ‫‘ ﻋـﺰة‬izza ‫‘ ﻋـﺰازة‬azāza) to be or become strong, powerful,
respected; to be or become rare, scarce, be scarcely to be found; to be or
1004
become dear, cherished, precious (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); ‫ان‬ ‫ ﻋـﺰ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬he is sorry that ...;
to be hard, difficult (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.); to hurt, pain (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.), be painful (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for
s.o.), be hard (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.o.) II to make strong. strengthen, reinforce, fortify,
corroborate, confirm, solidify, invigorate, harden, advance, support (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to consolidate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th,); to honor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to raise in esteem,
elevate, exalt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make dear, endear (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻋـﺰز‬to strengthen,
reinforce, fortify, solidify, consolidate s.th., make s.th. strong, powerful,
mighty IV to make strong, strengthen, fortify, reinforce, invigorate, harden,
steel (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to love (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to honor (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
esteem, value, prize (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make dear, endear (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.)
V to be or become strong, powerful, mighty, forceful, strengthened,
fortified, reinforced, invigorated, hardened, solidified, consolidated; to be
proud, boast (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s., glory, exult (‫ ب‬in) VIII to feel strong or
powerful (‫ ب‬due to, because of); to be proud, boast (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s., glory,
exult (‫ ب‬in); to arrogate to o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.) X to overwhelm, overcome (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Confidential
s.o.); to become powerful, mighty, respected, honored, be exalted; to make
or hold dear, value highly, esteem (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻋـﺰ‬might, power, standing, weight; strength, force; honor. glory, high
rank, fame, celebrity, renown | ‫ﻋﺰﻫــﺎ‬ Her Highness (title); ‫ﰲ ﻋــﺰ ﺷــﺒﺎﺑﻪ‬
(šabābihī) in the prime of his youth
‫‘ ﻋـﺰة‬izza might, power, standing, weight; strength. force; honor, glory,
high rank, fame, celebrity. renown; pride | ‫ﻋـﺰة اﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬ power, might; ‫اﻟﻌـﺰة‬
‫( اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬qaumīya) national pride; ‫‘ ﻋـﺰة اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬i. an-nafs sense of honor, self-
respect, self-esteem; ‫اﻟﻌﺰة‬ ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬title of a bey
‫‘ ﻋﺰﻳــﺰ‬azīz pl. ‫ اﻋـﺰاء‬a‘izzā’2, ‫ اﻋــﺰة‬a‘izza mighty, powerful, respected,
distinguished, notable; strong; noble, esteemed, venerable, august;
honorable; rare, scarce, scarcely to be found; difficult, hard (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for);
precious, costly, valuable; dear, beloved (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), cherished, valued (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
by); friend; ruler, overlord | ‫ ﻋﺰﻳـﺰي‬my dear! (esp. as a salutation in letters);

‫ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ اﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬mighty, powerful, strong
1005
‫ اﻋـﺰ‬a‘azz2 mightier, more powerful; stronger; dearer, more beloved; ‫اﻟﻌـﺰى‬

al-‘uzzā a goddess of the pagan Arabs
‫ ﻣﻌﺰة‬ma‘azza esteem, regard, affection, love
‫ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ta‘zīz pl. -āt strengthening, consolidation, support, backing
‫ اﻋـﺰاز‬i‘zāz strengthening, fortification, reinforcement, consolidation; love,
affection, esteem, regard
‫ اﻋﺘﺰاز‬i‘tizāz pride (‫ ب‬in)
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﺰ‬mu‘tazz proud; mighty, powerful
‫‘ ﻋـﺰب‬azaba i u (‫‘ ﻋـﺰوب‬uzūb) to be far, be distant (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to slip,
escape (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o.’s mind) | ‫اﻷذﻫﺎن‬ ‫ ﻋﺰب ﻋﻦ‬to be forgotten, sink into oblivion; -
- ‘azaba u (‫‘ ﻋﺰﺑﺔ‬uzba, ‫‘ ﻋﺰوﺑﺔ‬uzūba) to be single, unmarried
‫‘ ﻋــﺰب‬azab pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺰاب‬uzzāb, ‫ اﻋـﺰاب‬a‘zāb celibate, single, unmarried;
bachelor
‫‘ ﻋﺰﺑﺔ‬izba pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺰب‬izab (eg.) country estate, farm; rural settlement
‫‘ ﻋﺰﺑﺔ‬uzba celibacy; bachelorhood
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺰوﺑﺔ‬uzūba celibacy; bachelorhood
‫ اﻋﺰب‬a‘zab2 celibate, single, unmarried; bachelor
‫ ﻣﻌﺰب‬mu‘azzab sheik, emir (Nejd)
‫‘ ﻋـﺰر‬azara i (‘azr) to censure, rebuke, reprove, reprimand (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
refuse to have anything to do with s.o.; -- ‘azara i to curb, restrain, subdue
(‫ ه‬s.o.’s pride, and the like) II to censure, rebuke, reprove. reprimand (‫ه‬
s.o.); to refuse to have anything to do with s.o.
‫’ﻋﺰر‬azr censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, reprimand
‫ ﺗﻌﺰﻳـﺮ‬ta‘zīr censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, reprimand; chastisement,
castigation
‫ اﻋﺘﺰار‬i‘tizār self-discipline
‫‘ ﻋﺰراﺋﻴﻞ‬izrā’īl2 Azrael, the angel of death
‫‘ ﻋـﺰف‬azala i (‘af) to play (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on a musical instrument, ‫ ﻫ ـ‬tunes); to play
(‫ ل‬to or for s.o.), make music (‫ ل‬for s.o.); -- i u (‘azf, ‫‘ ﻋـﺰوف‬uzūf) to turn
away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.th.), become averse (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to s.th.), avoid, shun (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.),
abstain, refrain (‫ ان‬from doing s.th.)
1006
‫‘ ﻋﺰوف‬azūf disinclined, averse (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to s.th.)

‫ ﻣﻌﺰف‬mi‘zaf pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎزف‬ma‘āzif2 stringed instrument; O piano
‫‘ ﻋﺎزف‬āzif player, (musical) performer
‫ ﻣﻌﺰوﻓــﺔ‬ma‘zūfa pl. -āt piece of music, performance, recital (on an
instrument)
‫‘ ﻋـﺰق‬azaqa i (‘azq) to hoe, dig up, break up, loosen (‫ اﻷرض‬al-arḍa the
soil)
‫ ﻣﻌﺰﻗﺔ‬mi‘zaqa pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎزق‬ma‘āziq2 hoe, mattock
‫‘ ﻋـﺰل‬azala i (‘azl) to remove, set aside, isolate, separate, segregate,
detach, cut off (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻋﻦ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. from); to depose (‫ ه‬s.o.), release, dismiss,
discharge (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ﻋــﻦ ﻣﻨﺼــﺒﻪ‬ ‘an manṣibihī of his office) IV ‫اﻋــﺰل ﻣﻨﺼــﺒﻪ‬
(manṣibahū) to give up one’s position, resign VII to be or become isolated,
cut off, separated, segregated, detached (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) VIII to keep away, stand
aloof, leave, withdraw; to retire, seclude o.s., segregate, secede, detach o.s.,
dissociate o.s., separate o.s., isolate o.s. (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.o., from s.th.),
Confidential
part (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or
(kidmata),
retirement
‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬ with s.o., with s.th.); to be
‫اﻋﺘـﺰل اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬
or get deposed | ‫اﻋﺘـﺰل اﳋﺪﻣـﺔ‬
(‘amala) to retire from service, from work, go into
‫‘ ﻋـﺰل‬azl removal, dissociation, detachment, setting aside, isolation (also,

e.g., in case of contagious disease), cutting-off, segregation, separation;
deposition, discharge, dismissal | ‫اﳊـﺮق‬ ‫( ﺣـﺎﺋﻂ ﻋـﺰل‬ḥarq) fire wall; ‫ﻏـﲑ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ ﻟﻠﻌﺰل‬irremovable, appointed for life tenure (judge)
‫‘ ﻋﺰل‬azal unarmedness, defenselessness
‫‘ ﻋﺰل‬uzul unarmed, defenseless
‫‘ ﻋﺰﻟـﺔ‬uzla retirement, seclusion, retreat, privacy; segregation, reparation,
detachedness; insulation, insularity, isolatedness; isolation; solitude | ‫ﰲ ﻋﺰﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ secluded, segregated, cut off, detached, separated, insulated, isolated
from
‫‘ ﻋﺰﻟﺔ‬izla pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺰل‬izal subdistrict of a nāḥiya (Yemen)
‫‘ ﻋﺰال‬izāl (eg.) furniture, household effects, movable goods, luggage
1007
‫ اﻋـﺰل‬a‘zal2, f. ‫‘ ﻋـﺰﻻء‬azlā’2, pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺰل‬uzl unarmed, defenseless | ‫اﻟﺴـﻤﺎك‬

‫ اﻷﻋﺰل‬star α in the constellation Virgo, Spica Virginia (astron.)
‫ ﻣﻌـﺰل‬ma‘zil pl. ‫ ﻣﻌــﺎزل‬ma‘āzil2 place of retirement, house of retreat;
seclusion, segregation, isolation; isolation ward (in a hospital) | ‫ﲟﻌـﺰل ﻋـﻦ‬
separated, detached, apart, secluded, segregated, isolated from
‫ اﻧﻌـﺰال‬in‘izāl detachedness, seclusion, segregation, insularity, insulation;
isolation
‫ اﻧﻌﺘﺰاﻟﻴﺔ‬in‘izālīya isolationism
‫ اﻋﺘـﺰال‬i‘tizāl retirement, seclusion, retreat, privacy | ‫ اﻋﺘـﺰال اﳋﺪﻣـﺔ‬i‘tizāl al-
kidma retirement from service
O ‫‘ ﻋﺎزل‬āzil insulator (el.)
O ‫‘ ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ‬āzila pl. -āt, ‘awāzil2 insulator, nonconductor (el.)
‫ ﻣﻌﺰول‬ma‘zūl far, distant, remote (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); isolated, insulated
‫ ﻣﻨﻌﺰل‬mun‘azil isolated, single, solitary, sporadic
‫ اﳌﻌﺘﺰﻟــﺔ‬al-mu‘tazila name of a theological school which introduced
Confidential
speculative dogmatism into Islam
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﺰل‬mu‘tazal pl. -āt (place of) solitude, (place of) retirement
‫‘ ﻋﺰم‬azama i (‘azm, ‫‘ ﻋﺰﳝﺔ‬azīma) to decide, resolve (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.th.); to make
up one’s mind, determine, be determined, be resolved (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.), be
bent (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.th.); to adjure (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to invite (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ان‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to or to do

s.th.) II to enchant, spellbind (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th., by magic rites) VIII to decide,
resolve (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.), make up one’s mind, determine, be determined,
be resolved (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬to do s.th.), be bent (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬on s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋـﺰم‬azm determination, firm will, firm intention, decision, resolution;
energy
‫‘ ﻋﺰﻣﺔ‬azma decision, resolution; strict order (‫ ب‬to do s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺰوم‬azūm determined, resolved, resolute
‫‘ ﻋﺰوﻣﺔ‬azūma invitation; banquet
‫‘ ﻋﺰﳝـﺔ‬azīma determination, firm will, firm intention; (pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﺰاﺋﻢ‬azā’im2)
resolution (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.), decision; incantation; spell
‫‘ ﻋﺎزم‬āzim determined, resolved (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.)
1008
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﺰم‬mu‘tazim determined, resolved (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.)

(‫ ﻋـﺰو‬and ‫ﻋـﺰا‬
(‫‘ ﻋـﺰي‬azā u (‘azw) and ‫‘ ﻋـﺰى‬azā i (‘azy) to trace (back) (‫ ل‬or
‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to an origin), ascribe, attribute, impute, owe (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬A s.th. to
s.o., to s.th.); to charge, incriminate (‫ ل‬or ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬with s.th. s.o. or s.th.), blame
(‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th. s.o. or s.th.), lay the blame (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th. on s.o., on s.th.); --
‫‘ ﻋـﺰي‬aziya a (‫‘ ﻋـﺰاء‬azā’) and ‫‘ ﻋـﺰا‬azā u (‫‘ ﻋـﺰاء‬aza’) to take patience, console
o.s. II to persuade (‫ ه‬s.o.) to bear with equanimity (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th., the death
of s.o. or the loss of s.th.), comfort, console (‫ه‬
‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o. over), give comfort,
express one’s sympathy, offer one’s condolences (‫ ه‬to s.o.) V to take
patience; to console o.s. (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for) VII to console o.s. (‫ ب‬with), find solace
(‫ ب‬in) VIII to trace (back) one’s descent (‫ اﱃ‬to)

‫‘ ﻋﺰو‬azw tracing back, ascription, attribution; imputation, accusation
‫‘ ﻋﺰوة‬izwa: ‫ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻌﺰوة‬ḥasan al-‘i. of good ancestry, of good stock
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺰاء‬azā’ composure, equanimity; comfort, consolation, solace; ceremony
of mourning
‫ ﺗﻌﺰﻳـﺔ‬ta‘ziya pl. ‫ ﺗﻌـﺎز‬ta‘āzin consolation, solace, comfort; condolence | ‫رﻓـﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺘــﻪ‬ to express one’s sympathy, offer one’s condolences; ‫ﻗــﺪم اﻟﺘﻌــﺎزي‬
(qaddama) do.
‫ ﻣﻌﺰ‬mu‘azzin comforter, consoler, condoler
‫‘ ﻋﺲ‬assa u (‘ass) to make the rounds by night, patrol by night
‫ ﻋﺴﻌﺲ‬patrol (as a body of men)
‫‘ ﻋﺴﺲ‬asas guard | ‫( اﻟﻌﺴـﺔ اﳌﺼـﻮﻧﺔ‬maṣūna) (formerly:) the bodyguard of the
Bey of Tunisia
‫‘ ﻋﺴـﻴﺐ‬asīb tail bone (of the horse); (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺴـﺐ‬usub) a palm branch
stripped of its leaves
‫ ﻳﻌﺴﻮب‬ya‘sūb pl. ‫ ﻳﻌﺎﺳﻴﺐ‬ya‘āsīb2 male bee, drone; notable, chief, leader
‫‘ ﻋﻮﺳﺞ‬ausaj boxthorn (Lycium europaeum
L. and Lycium arabicum Schwf.; bot.)
‫‘ ﻋﺴﺠﺪ‬asjad gold
‫‘ ﻋﺴﺠﺪي‬asjadī golden
‫ ﻣﻌﺴﺠﺪ‬mu‘asjad gilded
1009
‫‘ ﻋﺴـﺮ‬asura u (‘usr, ‘usur) and ‘asira a (‘asar) to be difficult, hard, trying,

adverse (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); -- ‘asara i u (‘asr) to press, urge (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. to); to
force, compel, coerce (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. to) II to make difficult or hard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
act hostilely (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬toward s.o.); to oppress, distress (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.), bear down hard
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.o.) III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o.) roughly or harshly IV to be in distress, be in
a fix, in a predicament; to become impoverished, be reduced to poverty, be
up against it, be in financial straits, live in straitened circumstances V to be
difficult, hard, trying, adverse (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.) VI = V; X = V; to find (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
difficult, hard, trying, or adverse
‫‘ ﻋﺴﺮ‬usr difficulty, trying or distressful situation, predicament, plight, fix,
pinch, press, straits, straightened circumstances, distress, poverty,
destitution
‫‘ ﻋﺴﺮ‬asir hard, difficult; trying, distressing, adverse
‫‘ ﻋﺴﺮ‬usra = ‫‘ ﻋﺴﺮ‬usr
‫‘ ﻋﺴـﲑ‬asīr difficult, hard, harsh, rough; Asir (mountainous district in SW
Arabia, between Hejaz and Yemen)
Confidential
‫ اﻋﺴﺮ‬a‘sar2 left-handed; harder, more difficult
‫ ﻣﻌﺴﺮة‬ma‘sara = ‫‘ ﻋﺴﺮ‬usr
‫ اﻋﺴﺎر‬i‘sār poverty; financial straits, insolvency
‫ ﺗﻌﺴﺮ‬ta‘assur difficulty
‫ ﻣﻌﺴﻮر‬ma‘sūr (living) in straitened circumstances
‫ ﻣﻌﺴﺮ‬mu‘sir (living) in straitened circumstances; poor, impoverished
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺴﺮ‬muta‘assir hard, difficult, trying, distressing, adverse
‫‘ ﻋﺴﻌﺲ‬as‘asa to darken, grow dark
‫‘ ﻋﺴـﻒ‬asafa i (‘asf) to act recklessly or thoughtlessly (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.), do (‫ﰲ‬
s.th.) rashly; to treat unjustly, oppress, tyrannize (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to overburden,
overtask, overtax (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II; V to do (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) at random, haphazardly,
dispose arbitrarily (‫ ﰲ‬of); to deviate, stray (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) VIII to do (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) at
random, haphazardly; to deviate, stray (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to go astray; to force,
compel, coerce (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. to)
‫‘ ﻋﺴﻒ‬asūf injustice, oppression, tyranny
1010
‫‘ ﻋﺴﻮف‬asūf oppressor, despot, tyrant

‫‘ ﻋﺴﺎف‬assāf oppressor, despot, tyrant
‫ ﺗﻌﺴـﻒ‬ta‘assuf arbitrariness; an arbitrary, liberal, inaccurate manner of
using the language; aberration; deviation
‫ ﺗﻌﺴﻔﻲ‬ta‘assufī arbitrary; despotic, tyrannical
‫ اﻋﺘﺴﺎف‬i‘tisāf straying, aberration, deviation; coercion, compulsion, force
‫‘ ﻋﺴﻘﻼن‬asqalān2 Ashkelon (seaport in SW Palestine)
‫‘ ﻋﺴــﻜﺮ‬askar pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺴــﺎﻛﺮ‬asākir2 army, host, troops | ‫ﻋﺴــﺎﻛﺮ ﺿــﺎﺑﻄﻴﺔ‬
(ḍābiṭīya) constabulary, police troops
‫‘ ﻋﺴـﻜﺮي‬askarī military, army- (in compounds); pl. ‫ اﻟﻌﺴـﻜﺮﻳﻮن‬the military;
-- pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺴـﺎﻛﺮ‬asākir2) soldier; private (mil.); policeman; pl. enlisted men,
ranks
‫‘ ﻋﺴــﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬askarīya military service; militarism; soldiership, soldiery,
soldierliness
‫ ﻣﻌﺴـﻜﺮ‬mu‘askar pl. -āt military encampment, army camp; camp | ‫ﻣﻌﺴـﻜﺮ‬
‫ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎل‬concentration camp
Confidential
‫ ﻋﺴـﻞ‬II to prepare or mix with honey (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sweeten, make sweet or
pleasant (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺴـﻞ‬asal pl. ‫ اﻋﺴـﺎل‬a‘sāl, ‫‘ ﻋﺴــﻮل‬usūl honey | ‫‘ ﻋﺴــﻞ ﺳـﻜﺮ‬a. sukkar
molasses, treacle; ‫اﺳﻮد‬ ‫ ﻋﺴﻞ‬do.; ‫ ﺷﻬﺮ اﻟﻌﺴﻞ‬šahr al-‘a. honeymoon
‫‘ ﻋﺴﻠﻲ‬asalī honey-colored, amber, brownish
‫‘ ﻋﺴﺎل‬assāl gatherer of honey; beekeeper, apiculturist
‫‘ ﻋﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬asāla beehive
‫‘ ﻋﻴﺴﻼن‬aisalān hyacinth (bot.)
‫ ﻣﻌﺴﻠﺔ‬ma‘sala beehive
‫ ﺗﻌﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬ta‘sīla (eg.) nap, doze
‫ ﻣﻌﺴﻮل‬ma‘sūl: prepared with honey; honeyed, honeysweet
‫ ﻣﻌﺴـﻞ‬mu‘assal: ‫( دﺧـﺎن ﻣﻌﺴـﻞ‬dukān) a mild-tasting tobacco, due to its
preparation with molasses, glycerine, fragrant oils or essences
‫‘ ﻋﺴﻠﺞ‬usluj pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺴﺎﰿ‬asālij2 tender sprig, small twig, shoot
‫‘ ﻋﺴﻠﻮج‬uslūj pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺴﺎﻟﻴﺞ‬asālīj2 tender sprig, small twig, shoot
1011
1‫‘ ﻋﺴﻰ‬asā with foll. ‫ ان‬an and subjunctive: it might be, it could be that ...,
possibly ..., maybe ..., perhaps ... | ‫ﻳﻜـﻮن‬‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻋﺴـﻰ ان‬what might be ...?! ‫ﻣـﺎذا‬
‫ ﻋﺴـﻰ ان ﻳﻜـﻮن‬what should I do! ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻋﺴـﻰ ﻳﻨﻔـﻊ ﻫـﺬا‬yanfa‘u) of what use could
this possibly be! ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬ ‫ ﻣﺎذا ﻋﺴﺎﻩ‬what could he possibly say?
‫‘ ﻋﺴـﻲ‬asīy appropriate, proper, fitting (with personal construction) | ‫ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ ﻫـﻢ ﻋﺴـﻴﻮن ب )ان‬,‫ )ﻋﺴـﻰ ب‬it befits him (them) to ... or that he (they) it is
proper for him (for them) to or that he (they) …
2‫‘ ﻋﺎس‬āsin dry, withered, wilted
‫ ﻋـﺶ‬II to build a nest, to nest; to take root, become established, settle in
VIII to build a nest, to nest
‫‘ ﻋﺶ‬ušš pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺸﺎش‬išāš, ‫ اﻋﺸﺎش‬a‘šāš, ‫‘ ﻋﺸﺸﺔ‬išaša nest
‫‘ ﻋـﺶ‬ušša, ‘išša pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺸـﺶ‬ušaš, ‘išaš hut, shanty, shack, hovel; arbor,
bower
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺐ‬ašiba a, ‘ašuba u to be grassy, grass-covered (ground) II do.
‫‘ ﻋﺸـﺐ‬ušb (coll.: n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﻋﺸـﺎب‬a‘šāb (green) grass, herbage, plants;
Confidential
pasture
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺒﺔ‬ušba plant, herb
‫‘ ﻋﺸﱯ‬ušbī herbaceous, herbal, vegetable, vegetal, plant- (in compounds) |
‫ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬herbarium
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺐ‬ašib grassy, abundant in grass
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺎﺑﺔ‬ašāba luxuriant vegetation
‫ ﻣﻌﺸﺐ‬mu‘šib grassy, abundant in grass
‫‘ ﻋﺸﱰوت‬aštarūt2 Astarte
‫‘ ﻋﺸـﺮ‬ašara u to collect the tithe (‫ ه‬from s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) II = I; to divide
into tenths III to be on intimate terms, associate (closely) (‫ه‬with s.o.) VI to
be on intimate terms, associate with one another, live together
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ušr pl. ‫ اﻋﺸﺎر‬a‘šār, ‫‘ ﻋﺸﻮر‬ušūr one tenth, tenth part; tithe | ‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻌﺸﺎر‬
‘u. mi‘sār one hundredth
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺮي‬arī decimal (adj.)
‫ اﻋﺸﺎري‬a‘šārī decimal (adj.)
1012
‫‘ ﻋﺸــﺮة‬išra (intimate) association, intimacy, companionship, relations,

(social) intercourse, company; conjugal community, community of husband
and wife
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺮة‬ašara (f. ‫‘ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ašar) ten: ‫ اﻟﻌﺸﺮ‬the first ten days of Muharram
‫ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬talātata ‘ašara (f. ‫ ﺛﻼث ﻋﺸﺮة‬talāta ‘ašrata) thirteen
‫‘ ﻋﺸـﺮات‬ašarāt some tens, tens (of); decades; (with foll. genit.) dozens of
..., scores of ...
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺎر‬išār (eg.) with young, pregnant (animal)
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺎر‬aššār collector of the tithe
‫‘ ﻋﺸﲑ‬ašīr pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺸﺮاء‬ušarā’ companion, fellow, associate, friend, comrade
‫‘ ﻋﺸـﲑة‬ašīra pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺸـﺎﺋﺮ‬ašā’ir2 clan, kinsfolk, closest relatives; tribe; pl.
‫اﻟﻌﺸــﺎﺋﺮ‬ (syr.) the Bedouins | ‫ﺣــﺮس اﻟﻌﺸــﺎﺋﺮ‬ ḥaras al-‘a. Bedouin police
(responsible for surveillance of the nomads)
‫‘ ﻋﺸـﺎﺋﺮي‬ašā’irī (syr.) Bedouin (adj.) | ‫‘( اﻟﻌـﺮف اﻟﻌﺸـﺎﺋﺮي‬urf) the customary
law of the Bedouins
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺷـﻮراء‬āšūrā’2, ‫‘ ﻋﺸـﻮراء‬ašārā’2, ‫ ﻳـﻮم ﻋﺎﺷـﻮراء‬yaum ‘ā., ‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ ﻋﺎﺷـﻮراء‬lailat ‘ā.
Confidential
Ashura, name of a voluntary fast day on the tenth day of Moharram; day of
mourning sacred to the Shiites, the anniversary of Husain’s martyrdom at
Kerbela (10th of Muharram A. H. 60)
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺮون‬išrūn twenty
‫ ﻣﻌﺸــﺮ‬ma‘šar pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺷــﺮ‬ma‘āšir2 assemblage, community, company,
society, group, troop; kinsfolk | ‫ﻣﻌﺸـﺮ اﻟﺸـﺒﺎب‬ yā ma‘šara š-šabāb oh ye
young men!
‫ ﻣﻌﺸﺎر‬mi‘šāar one tenth, tenth part
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺷـﺮة‬mu‘āšara (intimate) association, intimacy, social relations, social
intercourse; company, society, companionship; community, jointness
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬mu‘āšir companion, fellow, associate, friend, comrade
‫‘ ﻋﺸـﻖ‬ašiqa a (‘išq) to love passionately (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), be passionately
in love (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o., with s.th.) II to fit tightly together, interjoin closely,
dovetail (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to couple, connect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.: techn.) V to court, woo (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a
woman), make love (‫ ﻫﺎ‬to a woman)
‫ ﻋﺸﻖ‬išq love, ardor of love, passion
‫‘ ﻋﺸﻴﻖ‬ašīq lover, sweetheart (m.)
1013
‫‘ ﻋﺸﻴﻘﺔ‬ašīqa beloved, sweetheart (f.)

‫‘ ﻋﺸﻴﻖ‬iššīq lover
‫ ﺗﻌﺸﻴﻖ‬ta‘šīq tight interjunction, dovetailing; coupling (techn.)
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺷـﻖ‬āšiq pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺸـﺎق‬uššāq lover; fancier, fan, -phile (in compounds); --
(pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺷﻖ‬awāšiq2) knucklebone; (game of) knucklebones
‫ ﻣﻌﺸﻮق‬ma‘šūq lover, sweetheart (m.)
‫ ﻣﻌﺸﻮﻗﺔ‬ma‘šūqa beloved, sweetheart (f.)
(‫ ﻋﺸـﻮ‬and ‫‘ ﻋﺸـﻰ( ﻋﺸـﺎ‬ašā u (‘ašw), and ‫‘ ﻋﺸـﻮ‬ašiya a (‫‘ ﻋﺸـﺎ‬ašan) to be
dim-sighted; to be night-blind II to make dim-sighted, make night-blind (‫ه‬
s.o.); to give a dinner (‫ ه‬for s.o.) IV to make dim-sighted (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ه‬the eyes)
V to have dinner (or supper), to dine, to sup
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺎ‬ašan dim-sightedness; nightblindness, nyctalopia
‫‘ ﻋﺸﻰ‬ašīy evening
‫‘ ﻋﺸـﺎء‬asa’ pl. ‫ اﻋﺸـﻴﺔ‬a‘šiya dinner, supper | ‫( اﻋﺸـﺎء اﻟﺴـﺮي‬sirrī) the Lord’s
Confidential
supper, the Eucharist (Chr.)
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺎء‬išā’ evening; (f.) evening prayer (Isl. Law)
‫‘ ﻋﺸﻮة‬ašwa darkness, dark, gloom; dinner, supper
‫‘ ﻋﺸﺎوة‬ašāwa dim-sightedness; night-blindness, nyctalopia
‫‘ ﻋﺸﻴﺔ‬ašīya pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﺸﺎ‬ašāyā (late) evening | ‫‘ ﻋﺸﻴﺔ اﻣﺲ‬ašīyata amsi last
night, yesterday in the evening; ‫( ﺑـﲔ ﻋﺸـﻴﺔ وﺿـﺤﺎﻫﺎ‬ḍuḥāhā) from one day to
the other, overnight, all of a sudden
‫‘ ﻋﺸﻮاء‬ašwā’2 darkness, dark, gloom; also see ‫ اﻋﺸﻰ‬a‘šā
‫ اﻋﺸـﻰ‬a‘šā, f. ‫‘ ﻋﺸـﻮاء‬ašwā’ dim-sighted; night-blind, nyctalopic; blind,
aimless, haphazard, desultory, senseless | ‫ﳜـﺒﻂ ﺧــﺒﻂ ﻋﺸـﻮاء‬ yakbiṭu kabṭa
‘ašwā’ he acts blindly, thoughtlessly, at random, haphazardly
‫ ﻋﺺ‬aṣṣa a (‘aṣṣ, ‫‘ ﻋﺼﺺ‬aṣaṣ) to be or become hard, harden
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺺ‬uṣaṣ, ‘uṣuṣ coccyx
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﺐ‬aṣaba i (‘aṣb) to wind, fold, tie, bind, wrap (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. around or
about s.th.); to bind up, bandage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wrap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
head) with a brow band, sash, or turban | ‫ﻓـﺎﻩ‬ ‫( ﻋﺼﺐ اﻟﺮﻳﻖ‬rīqu fāhu) the saliva
dried in hill mouth, clogged his mouth II to wind around, fold around, tie
1014
around, wrap around (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bind up, bandage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wrap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
head) with a brow band, sash, or turban V to wind the turban round one’s
head, put on the turban; to apply a bandage, bandage o.s.; to take sides, to
side (‫ل‬ ,‫ ﻣﻊ‬with; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to cling obdurately or fanatically (‫ ل‬to); to be
fanatic, bigoted, be a fanatic, a zealot; to form a league, clique, group, team,
gang, or coalition, gang up, team up; to plot, conspire, collude, connive (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
against) VIII to form a league, clique, group, team, gang, or coalition, gang
up, team up; to go on strike, to strike
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺐ‬aṣab pl. ‫ اﻋﺼﺎب‬a‘ṣāb nerve; sinew
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﱯ‬aṣabī sinewy, nerved, nervy; nervous, neural, nerve-, neuro-, neur-
(in compounds); nervous, high-strung | ‫ ﻋﺼــﱯ اﳌـﺰاج‬nervous, high-strung;
‫( اﳉﻬـﺎز اﻟﻌﺼـﱯ‬jahāz) the nervous system; ‫ ﺣﺎﻟـﺔ ﻋﺼـﺒﻴﺔ‬nervousness, nervosity;
~I ‫( اﻟﻀﻌﻒ اﻟﻌﺼﱯ‬ḍu‘f) neurasthenia
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﺒﻴﺔ‬aṣabīya nervousness, nervosity; -- (pl. -āt) zealous partisanship,
bigotry, fanaticism; party spirit, team spirit, esprit de corps; tribal solidarity,
racialism, clannishness, tribalism, national consciousness, nationalism
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﺒﺔ‬aṣba pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺼـﺐ‬uṣab (eg.) a black headcloth with red or yellow
border
‫ ﻋﺼــﺒﺔ‬pl. -āt and ‘uṣba pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺼــﺐ‬uṣab union, league, federation,
association; group, troop, band, gang, clique; ‘aṣaba paternal relations,
relationship, agnates | ‫اﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﺼﺒﺔ‬uṣbat al-umam the League of Nations
‫‘ ﻋﺼﻴﺐ‬aṣib hot, crucial, critical (time, stage)
‫ ﻋﺼﺎب‬iṣāb band, ligature, dressing, bandage
‫‘ ﻋﺼــﺎﺑﺔ‬iṣāba pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺼــﺎﺋﺐ‬aṣā’ib2 band, ligature, dressing, bondage;
headcloth, headband, fillet; brow band, frontlet; -- (pl. -āt) union, league,
federation, association; group, troop, band, gang | ‫‘ ﻋﺼـﺎ ت اﳋﻄـﻒ‬i. al-kaṭf
bands of robbers; ‫ت‬ ‫ ﺣﺮب اﻟﻌﺼﺎ‬ḥarb al-‘i. guerilla war(fare)
‫ ﺗﻌﺼـﺐ‬ta‘aṣṣub fanaticism, ardent zeal, bigotry, fanatical enthusiasm;
party spirit, partisanship; clannishness, racialism, race consciousness,
tribalism
‫ اﻋﺘﺼﺎب‬i‘tiṣāb pl. -āt strike
‫ ﻣﻌﺼـﺐ‬muta‘aṣṣib fanatically enthusiastic (‫ ل‬for); enthusiast, fanatic,
bigot, zealot
‫‘ ﻋﺼﻴﺪة‬aṣīda a thick paste made of flour and clarified butter
1015
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺮ‬ṣara i (‘aṣr) to press (out), squeeze (out) (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., grapes, olives,
etc.); to wring (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. wet clothes); to compress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to be a
contemporary (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to be contemporaneous, coeval, or concomitant (‫ﻫ ـ‬
with) V to be pressed (out), be squeezed (out) VII = V VIII to press (out),
squeeze (out) (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., grapes, olives, etc.) | ‫( اﻋﺘﺼـﺮ ﺟﺒﻴﻨـﻪ‬jabīnahū) to
knit one’s brows (pensively)
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﺮ‬aṣr (act of) pressing (out), squeezing (out); (act of) wringing (out);
(pl. ‫اﻋﺼـﺮ‬ a‘ṣur, ‫ﻋﺼـﻮر‬ ‘uṣūr, ‫اﻋﺼـﺎر‬ a‘ṣār) age, era, time; period; epoch;
afternoon; (f.) afternoon prayer (Isl. Law) | ‫( اﻟﻌﺼـﺮ اﳊﺠـﺮي‬ḥajarī) the Stone
Age; ‫ اﻟﻌﺼـﺮ اﳊﺎﺿـﺮ‬the present (time), our time; ‫( ﰲ ﻛـﻞ ﻋﺼـﺮ وﻣﺼـﺮ‬wa-maṣrin)
always and everywhere, at any time and any place
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﺮى‬aṣrī modern, recent, present, actual, contemporary; (pl. -ūn) a
contemporary
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬aṣrīya modernism
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﲑ‬asīr that which is pressed or squeezed out, (squeezed-out) juice,
Confidential
extract (also fig.); the best, the pick, the prime of s.th.
‫‘ ﻋﺼﲑة‬aṣīra (squeezed-out) juice
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎر‬uṣār juice, sap
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎرة‬uṣāra pl. -āt juice, sap (also physiol.)
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﺎرة‬aṣṣāra pl. -āt press, squeezer; oil press; cane press (also ‫ﻋﺼـﺎرة‬
‫‘ اﻟﻘﺼﺐ‬a. al-qaṣab); wringer
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎري ﻳﻮم‬aṣāriya yaumin one afternoon
‫ اﻋﺼـﺎر‬i‘ṣār pl. ‫ اﻋﺎﺻـﲑ‬a‘āṣīr2 whirlwind, tornado, cyclone, hurricane | O
‫ ﺿﺪ اﻹﻋﺼﺎر‬ḍidd al-i. anticyclone
‫ ﻣﻌﺼﺮة‬mi‘ṣara pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ma‘āṣir2 press, squeezer; oil press; cane press
‫ ﻣﻌﺼﺮي‬ma‘ṣarī (tun.) a brand of lamp oil
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬mu‘āṣir contemporary, contemporaneous; a contemporary
‫‘ ﻋﺼﻌﺺ‬uṣ‘uṣ, ‘aṣ‘aṣ pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎﻋﺺ‬aṣā‘iṣ coccyx
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﻒ‬aṣafa i (‘aṣf, ‫‘ ﻋﺼـﻮف‬uṣūf) to storm, rage, blow violently (wind);
‫ﻋﺼــﻒ ﺑــﻪ‬ to blow s.th. away, carry s.th. away (wind); to shake s.o.
thoroughly, through and through
1016
‫‘ ﻋﺼﻒ‬aṣf storming, blowing; stalk and leaves of grain

‫‘ ﻋﺼﻒ‬aṣfa (n. vic.) gust of wind, blast
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎﻓﺔ‬uṣafa chaff; straw
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺻﻒ‬āṣif blowing violently | ‫( رﻳـﺢ ﻋﺎﺻـﻒ‬rīḥ) or ‫ رﻳـﺢ ﻋﺎﺻـﻔﺔ‬violent wind,
gale
‫‘ ﻋﺼــﻒ‬āṣifa pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺻــﻒ‬awāṣif violent wind, gale, tempest, storm,
hurricane
1 ‫ﻋﺼـﻔﺮ‬ ‘uṣfur safflower (Carthamus tinctorius; bot.); the red dyestuff
prepared from its flower heads
‫ ﻣﻌﺼﻔﺮ‬mu‘aṣfar dyed with ‘uṣfur
2‫‘ ﻋﺼـﻔﻮر‬ufūr pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺼـﺎﻓﲑ‬aṣāfīr2 sparrow; any small bird | ‫‘ ﻋﺼـﻔﻮر اﳉﻨـﺔ‬u.
al-janna swallow; ‫( ﻋﺼـﻔﻮر دوري‬dūrī) house sparrow; ‫( ﻋﺼـﻔﻮر ﻣﻐـﻦ‬mugannin)
warbler; ‫( ﻋﺼــﻔﻮر ﻛﻨــﺎري‬kanārī) canary; ‫)ﺿــﺮب )اﺻــﺎب( ﻋﺼــﻔﻮرﻳﻦ ﲝﺠــﺮ )واﺣــﺪ‬
(aṣāba, ‘uṣfūrraini bi-ḥajarin) to kill two birds with one stone; ‫ﻋﺼـﻔﻮر ﰲ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬
‫( ﺧـﲑ ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﻒ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺸـﺠﺮة‬kairun min alfin, šajara) a bird in the hand is worth
Confidential
two in the bush (proverb)
‫‘ ﻋﺼﻔﻮرة‬uṣfūra female sparrow; dowel, pin, peg
‫‘ ﻋﺼﻔﻮرﻳﺔ‬uṣfūrīya (syr.) insane asylum, madhouse
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﻞ‬aṣala u (‘aṣl) to bend, twist, warp (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- ‘aṣila a (‘aṣl) to be
twisted; to warp (wood)
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﻢ‬aṣama i (‘aṣam) to hold back, restrain, curb, check, prevent, hinder
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to preserve, guard, safeguard, protect, defend (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to immunize, render immune (‫ ه‬s.o., med.) VIII to cling, keep, adhere
(‫ ب‬to); to seek shelter or refuge (‫ ب‬with, in), take refuge, resort (‫ ب‬to) ; to
keep up, maintain, guard, preserve (‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., ‫ﻟﺼـﻤﺖ‬ bi-ṣ-ṣamt silence,
‫ ﺑﺮ ط اﳉﺄش‬bi-r. il-ja’š equanimity) X = VIII; to resist (a temptation)

‫‘ ﻋﺼـﻤﺔ‬iṣma hindering, hindrance, prevention, obviation; preservation,
guarding, safeguarding; defense; protection; chastity, purity, modesty,
virtuousness; impeccance, sinlessness, infallibility | ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺼـﻤﺔ‬ title of
ladies of high social standing; ‫ ﻋﺼـﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﻜـﺎح‬the bond of marriage; ‫ﰲ ﻋﺼـﻤﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻼن‬under s.o.’s custody, protection, or power; married to s.o.; ‫ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻋﺼﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
1017
‫ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻫﺎ‬ja‘alat ‘iṣmatahā fī yadihā she made herself independent; she became

or remained independent; ‫ ﻓـﻚ ﻋﺼـﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻣـﻦ زوﺟﻬـﺎ‬fakka ‘iṣmatahā min zaujihā
to revoke the husband’s matrimonial authority over his wife (jur.)
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎم‬iṣām pl. ‫ اﻋﺼﻤﺔ‬a‘ṣima, ‫‘ ﻋﺼﻢ‬uṣum, ‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎم‬iṣām strap, thong
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﺎﻣﻲ‬iṣāmī noble, eminent, distinguished (due to one’s own merits, as
opposed to ‫‘ ﻋﻈﺎﻣﻲ‬iẓāmī); self-made; (pl. -ūn) self-made man
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬iṣāmīya self-made success
‫ اﻋﺼـﻢ‬a‘ṣam2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﺼـﻤﺎء‬aṣmā’2, pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺼـﻢ‬uṣm having a white foot
(animal); excellent, valuable, precious | ‫( اﻧـﺪر ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﺮاب اﻷﻋﺼـﻢ‬gurāb) rarer
than a white-footed crow (proverbially of s.th. rare)
‫ ﻣﻌﺼﻢ‬mi‘ṣam pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻢ‬ma‘āṣim2 wrist
O ‫ ﻣﻌﺼﻢ‬ma‘ṣam pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻢ‬ma‘āṣim2 traffic island, safety isle
‫ اﻋﺘﺼـﺎم‬i‘tiṣām clinging, adherence (‫ ب‬to), maintenance, preservation,

guarding, safeguarding
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ‬āṣim protector, guardian
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬āṣima pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺻﻢ‬awāṣim2 capital city, metropolis
‫ ﻣﻌﺼـﻮم‬ma‘ṣūm inviolable, sacrosanct, protected by the laws of vendetta
(Isl. Law); infallible, sinless, impeccant, impeccable | ‫اﻟﺰﻟـﻞ‬ ‫( ﻣﻌﺼـﻮم ﻣـﻦ‬zalal)
infallible
‫‘ )ﻋﺼـﺎ )ﻋﺼـﻮ‬aṣan (f.) pl. ‫ﻋﺼـﻰ‬ ‘uṣīy, ‘iṣīy, ‫اﻋـﺺ‬ a‘ṣin staff, rod; wand;
stick; walking stick, cane; scepter, mace; (field marshal’s) baton | ‫ﻋﺼـﺎ‬
‫‘ اﳌﺎرﺷـﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬a. l-māršālīya field marshal’s baton; ‫ ﻟﻌـﺐ اﻟﻌﺼـﺎ‬la‘b al-‘a. (eg. =
‫ )ﲣﻄﻴـﺐ‬singlestick fencing (a popular game, esp. in rural areas); ‫ﺷـﻖ اﻟﻌﺼـﺎ‬
(šaqqa) to dissent, secede from the community; ‫ ﺷـﻖ ﻋﺼـﺎ اﻟﻄﺎﻋـﺔ‬to rebel,
‫‘( ﺷـﻖ ﻋﺼـﺎ اﻟﻘـﻮم‬aṣā l-qaum) to sow dissension
revolt, renounce allegiance;
among the people; ‫( اﻧﺸـﻘﺖ ﻋﺼـﺎﻫﻢ‬inšaqqat) they fell out (with one another),
broke with one another
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎة‬aṣāh staff, rod; wand; stick
‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎﻳﺔ‬aṣāya staff, rod; wand; stick; walking stick, cane
‫‘ ﻋﺼﻴﺔ‬uṣayya little stick, little rod; O bacillus
1018
‫‘ ﻋﺼﻰ‬aṣā i (‘aṣīy, ‫ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ‬ma‘ṣiya, ‫‘ ﻋﺼﻴﺎن‬iṣyān) to disobey, resist, oppose,

defy (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. in s.th.), refuse, or renounce, one’s obedience (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. in
s.th.), rebel, revolt (‫ ه‬against s.o.) III = I; V to be or become difficult,
intricate, or involved (affair) VI to be difficult, hard, inaccessible, or
impossible (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); to refuse (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to do s.th.) VIII = V X to resist,
oppose, withstand, defy (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., s.th.), revolt, rebel (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against s.o.); to be
recalcitrant, insubordinate, rebellious; to be difficult, hard (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); to
be malignant, insidious, incurable (disease); to elude, escape, defy (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.),
be beyond s.th. (‫( ;)ﻋـﻦ‬of an instrument, machine, etc.) to fail, break down
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on s.o.), refuse to work (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.), fail to operate
‫‘ ﻋﺼــﻰ‬aṣīy pl. -ūn, ‫ اﻋﺼــﻴﺎء‬a‘ṣiyā’2 rebel; intractable, refractory,
recalcitrant | ‫اﻟﻨﻄﻖ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﺼﻲ‬aṣīy an-nuṭq unable to speak, incapable of speech
‫‘ ﻋﺼـﻴﺎن‬iṣyān disobedience, insubordination, refractoriness; insurrection,
revolt, rebellion, sedition
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻌﺼـﻴﺔ‬ma‘ṣiya disobedience, insubordination, refractoriness; insurrection,
sedition, revolt, rebellion; (pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎص‬ma‘āṣin) sin
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺼـﺎء‬isti‘ṣā’ refractoriness, recalcitrance, obstinacy; impenetrability,
unfathomableness; difficulty; malignancy, virulence, insidiousness;
mechanical failure, breakdown, malfunction; jam, misfire (of a firearm)
‫‘ ﻋﺎص‬āṣin pl. ‫‘ ﻋﺼﺎة‬uṣāh disobedient, insubordinate, rebellious, mutinous,
riotous, seditious, subversive; rebel, insurgent; sinning, sinful
‫ ﻣــﺘﻌﺺ‬muta‘āṣṣin difficult, intricate, implicated, involved, delicate;
incurable, irremediable
‫ ﻣﺴــﺘﻌﺺ‬musta‘ṣin difficult, intricate, implicated, involved, delicate;
incurable, irremediable
‫‘ ﻋـﺾ‬aḍḍa (1st pers. perf. ‘aḍiḍtu) a (‘aḍḍ, ‫‘ ﻋﻀـﻴﺾ‬aḍīḍ) to grab with the
teeth, bite (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to bite into s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to hold on,
cling, cleave (‫ ب‬to); to torment (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., hunger) | ‫( ﻋﻀﻪ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬zamānu) or
‫‘ ﻋﻀـﻪ اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﺑـﻪ‬aḍḍahū d-dahru bi-nābihī time, or fate, gave him a raw deal,
heaped trials and tribulations upon him, he suffered reverses II to bite
fiercely or frequently (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﺾ‬iḍḍ small prickly shrubs, brambles
1019
‫‘ ﻋﻀﺔ‬aḍḍa a bite
‫‘ ﻋﻀﺎض‬aḍāḍ (given to) biting, snappish, mordacious
‫‘ ﻋﻀﻮض‬aḍūḍ (given to) biting, snappish, mordacious
‫‘ ﻋﻀﺐ‬aḍb sharp, caustic, acid (tongue)
‫‘ ﻋﻀـﺪ‬aḍada u (‘aḍd) to help, aid, assist, support, back (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.),
stand up (‫ ه‬for s.o.), advocate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II and III = I; VI to help, assist, or
support one another, give mutual help, assistance, or support; to work hand
in hand, cooperate
‫‘ ﻋﻀـﺪ‬aḍud help, aid, assistance, support, backing; helper, aide, assistant,
supporter, backer
‫‘ ﻋﻀـﺪ‬aḍud (m. and f.) pl. ‫ اﻋﻀـﺎد‬a‘ḍād upper arm; strength, power, vigor,
force | ‫ﻋﻀﺪﻩ‬ ‫‘( ﺷﺪ‬aḍudahū) to aid, assist s.o., stand by s.o.; ‫ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻀﺪﻩ اﳌﺘـﲔ‬he
is an indispensable aid to him
‫ ﺗﻌﻀﻴﺪ‬ta‘ḍīd help, aid, assistance, support, backing
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺿﺪة‬mu‘āḍada help, aid, assistance, support, backing
‫ ﺗﻌﺎﺿﺪ‬ta‘āḍud mutual aid, mutual assistance, cooperation
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻌﺎﺿﺪي‬ta‘āḍudī cooperative (adj.)
‫ ﻣﻌﻀﺪ‬mu‘aḍḍid helper, aide, assistant, supporter, backer
‫‘ ﻋﻀـﻞ‬aḍila a (‘aḍal) to be or become muscular; -- ‘aḍala IV (‘aḍl) to
prevent (‫ ﻫــﺎ‬a woman) from marrying IV to be or become difficult,
problematic, puzzling, enigmatic, or mysterious (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬for s.o.) | ‫اﻋﻀﻞ اﻟﺪاء‬
‫( اﻷﻃﺒـﺎء‬aṭibbā’) the disease defied all medical skill, gave the physicians a
headache, posed a puzzling problem for the doctors V = ‫ﺗﻌﻀـﻞ اﻟـﺪاء اﻷﻃﺒـﺎء‬
‫اﻋﻀﻞ اﻟﺪاء اﻷﻃﺒﺎء‬
‫‘ ﻋﻀﻞ‬aḍil muscular, brawny
‫‘ ﻋﻀـﻠﺔ‬aḍala pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻀـﻞ‬aḍal muscle | ‫ ﻋﻀـﻠﺔ ﺳـﻄﺔ‬extensor; ‫ﻋﻀـﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻀـﺔ‬
flexor
‫‘ ﻋﻀﻠﻲ‬aḍalī muscle-, musculo-, muscul- (in compounds), muscular
‫‘ ﻋﻀﺎل‬uḍāl inveterate, chronic, incurable (disease)
‫ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ‬mu‘ḍil difficult, problematic, puzzling, enigmatic, mysterious
‫ ﻣﻌﻀــﻠﺔ‬mu‘ḍila pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺿــﻞ‬ma‘āḍil2 difficulty, problem, dilemma,
puzzle, enigma
1020
‫‘ ﻋﻀﺎﻩ‬iḍāh fair-sized thorny shrubs

‫‘ ﻋﻀﻮ‬uḍw pl. ‫ اﻋﻀﺎء‬a‘ḍā’ member, limb, organ (of the body); member (of
an organization) | ‫اﺻـﻠﻲ‬ ‫( ﻋﻀـﻮ‬aṣlī) regular member; ‫ ﻋﻀـﻮ اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴـﺚ‬pistil (bot.);
‫( ﻋﻀـﻮ اﺣﺘﻴــﺎﻃﻲ‬iḥtiyāṭī) substitute member, alternate member; ‫ﻋﻀــﻮ اﻟﺘــﺬﻛﲑ‬
stamen (bot.); ‫ﻋﻀﻮ ﻓﺨﺮي‬
(fakrī) honorary member; ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻞ‬ ‫ اﻋﻀﺎء‬a. at-tanāsul and ‫ اﻷﻋﻀـﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘـﺔ‬the
sexual organs, the genitals; ‫( اﻟـﺪوا اﻷﻋﻀـﺎء‬duwal) the member states; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬
‫‘ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬ilm w. al-a. physiology
‫‘ ﻋﻀﻮات‬aḍawāt female members
‫‘ ﻋﻀـﻮي‬uḍwī organic; ‫ ﻻﻋﻀـﻮي‬or ‫ ﻏـﲑ ﻋﻀـﻮي‬inorganic | ‫( ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﻋﻀـﻮﻳﺔ‬kutla)
organism
‫‘ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬uḍwīya pl. -āt membership; organism
‫‘ ﻋﻄـﺐ‬aṭiba a (‘aṭab) to perish, be destroyed, be ruined II to ruin, destroy,
wreck, damage, injure, impair, mar, spoil (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to spice, mull (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
Confidential
brew, mix (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a drink) IV to ruin, destroy, wreck, damage, injure, impair,
mar, spoil (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to be damaged VIII = I
‫‘ ﻋﻄـﺐ‬aṭab perdition; wreck (e.g., of ships); destruction, ruin; damage,
injury
‫ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﺐ‬ta‘ṭīb damaging, ruin(ing), wreck, destruction
‫ ﺗﻌﻄﺐ‬ta‘attub a suffering of damage, impairment, ruin
‫ ﻋﻄﺮ‬II to perfume, scent (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to perfume o.s.
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺮ‬iṭr pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻄﻮر‬uṭūr, ‫‘ ﻋﻄﻮرات‬uṭūrāt perfume, scent; essence | ‫‘ ﻋﻄﺮ اﻟﻮرد‬i.
al-ward attar of roses, rose oil
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺮ‬aṭir sweet-smelling, fragrant, aromatic | ‫( ﲰﻌﺔ ﻋﻄﺮة‬sum‘a) brilliant or
excellent reputation
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺮي‬iṭrī sweet-smelling, fragrant, aromatic
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺮﻳﺔ‬iṭrīya pl. -āt aromatic, perfume, scent
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺎر‬aṭṭār perfumer, perfume vendor; druggist
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺎرة‬iṭāra drug business; perfumeries; drugs
‫‘ ﻋﻄـﺎر‬aṭṭār sweet-smelling, fragrant, aromatic | ‫ اﺛـﲎ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻋـﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺜﻨـﺎء‬atnā
‘alaihi ‘āṭira t-tanā’ to extol s.o. to the skies
1021
‫ ﻣﻌﻄﺮ‬mu‘aṭṭar perfumed, scented

‫‘ ﻋﻄﺎرد‬uṭārid2 (the planet) Mercury
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺲ‬aṭasa i u (‘aṭs, ‫‘ ﻋﻄﺎس‬uṭās) to sneeze II to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to sneeze
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺴﺔ‬aṭsa (n. vic.) a sneeze
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺲ‬uṭṭāš sneezing, sneezes
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻃﻮس‬āṭūs snuff (tobacco)
‫ ﻣﻌﻄﺲ‬ma‘ṭiš pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﺲ‬ma‘āṭis2 nose
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺶ‬aṭiša a (‘atāš) to be thirsty, to thirst; to long, languish, thirst (‫ اﱃ‬for)
II to make thirsty, cause to thirst (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.) IV = II; V to thirst,
languish, long, yearn (‫ اﱃ‬for)
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺶ‬aṭaš thirst
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻃﺶ‬āṭiš thirsty; dry, parched (soil)
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺸﺎن‬aṭšān2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﻄﺸﻰ‬aṭšā pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻄﺎش‬iṭāš thirsty; covetous, desirous (‫اﱃ‬
of), languishing, yearning, craving (‫ اﱃ‬for)
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋـﺎﻃﺶ‬āṭiš thirsty; covetous, desirous (‫ اﱃ‬of), languishing, yearning,
craving (‫ اﱃ‬for)
‫ ﻣــﺘﻌﻄﺶ‬muta‘aṭṭiš thirsty; covetous, desirous (‫ اﱃ‬of), languishing,
yearning, craving (‫ اﱃ‬for)
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺸﺠﻲ‬aṭašjī pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻄﺸﺠﻴﺎت‬aṭašjīya stoker, fireman

‫‘ ﻋﻄﻌﻂ‬aṭ‘aṭa to clamor, yell; to be uproarious, very noisy
‫‘ ﻋﻄـﻒ‬at`tafa i (‘at`tf) to bend, incline, bow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to incline, lean (‫اﱃ‬
toward, to); to be favorably disposed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward s.o.), be attached (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to
s.o.), harbor affection (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬for), be fond (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬of s.o.), have or feel
compassion, sympathize (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with s.o.), feel (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); to turn away (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from);‫ ﻋﻄـﻒ ﺑـﻪ‬to incline, dispose s.o. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward), awaken affection or
sympathy (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for) or interest (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in s.th.); ‫ ﻋﻄـﻒ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to make s.o.
appreciate s.th., bring s.th. close to s.o.’s heart; ‫ﻋﻄـﻒ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﻦ‬ to dissuade,
alienate s.o. from II to fold, double, fold up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
1022
favorably disposed; to soften s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬heart, move s.o.; to awaken

affection, sympathy, tenderness (‫ ه‬in s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); to fill with affection,
love, etc. (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.’s heart, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﳓـﻮ‬for) V to be favorably disposed
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬toward s.o.), be attached (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.), be fond (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.o.), have or feel
compassion, sympathize (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with s.o.), feel (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.); to deign (‫ ب‬to do
s.th.) | ‫ ﺗﻌﻄـﻒ ﻟﻌﻄـﺎف‬to put on a coat, wrap o.s. in a coat or cloak VI to
harbor mutual affection, be attached to one another VII to be bent, inclined,
crooked, or curved; to bend, curve; to bow, make a bow; to turn off (‫اﱃ‬
toward, to), turn, swing (‫ اﱃ‬into a road, etc.); to be favorably disposed ( ,‫اﱃ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ toward), be attached (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
,‫ اﱃ‬to), be fond (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ اﱃ‬of), have or feel
compassion, sympathize (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬,‫ اﱃ‬with), feel (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬,‫ اﱃ‬for s.o.); to turn away,
turn around VIII ‫ﻟﻌﻄـﺎف‬‫ اﻋﺘﻄﻒ ﻟﻌﻄﺎف = ﺗﻌﻄﻒ‬X to ask for, or seek, s.o.’s
(‫ )ه‬compassion or sympathy; to entreat, beseech, implore (‫ ه‬s.o.); to affect
winning or conciliatory manners, display affection; to seek to conciliate,
Confidential
propitiate, or win over (‫ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬kāṭirahū or
with s.o.); to try to attract or win (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to be friends (‫ه‬
‫‘ ﻋﻄـﻒ‬aṭf bond(ing), inclination, curving, curvature; corner; sympathy

(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with), affection, attachment, liking (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for) | ‫ اداة )ﺣـﺮف( اﻟﻌﻄـﻒ‬adāt
(ḥarf) al-‘a. conjunction (gram.); ‫ﻋﻄــﻒ اﻟﺒﻴــﺎن‬ ‘a. al-bayān explicative
apposition (gram.)
‫‘ ﻋﻄـﻒ‬iṭf pl. ‫ اﻋﻄـﺎف‬a‘ṭāf side (of the body) | ‫ ﻟـﲔ اﻷﻋﻄـﺎف‬layyin al-a.
tractable, docile, pliant; ‫اﻷﻋﻄـﺎف‬ ‫( ﺗﺮﳓـﺖ‬tarannaḥat) they were carried away,
became ecstatic; ‫أﻋﻄﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ ﺿﻢ ﺑﲔ‬to combine, encompass, comprise s.th.
‫‘ ﻋﻄﻔـﺔ‬aṭfa turn, turning, twist, curve, bend; (pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻄـﻒ‬uṭaf) blind
alley, dead and (eg.)
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺎف‬iṭāf pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻄﻒ‬uṭuf, ‫ اﻋﻄﻔﺔ‬a‘ṭifa coat, cloak
‫‘ ﻋﻄﻮف‬aṭūf compassionate, sympathetic, affectionate, loving, tender, kind
‫‘ ﻋﻄﻮﻓــﺔ‬uṭūfa affection, attachment, benevolence, good will; (as an
honorific title before the name = ‫اﻟﻌﻄﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬His Grace
1023
‫ ﻣﻌﻄـﻒ‬mi‘ṭaf pl. ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎﻃﻒ‬ma‘āṭif2 coat, overcoat; smock, frock | ‫ﻣﻌﻄـﻒ‬

‫( ﻣﺸﻤﻊ‬mušamma‘) (impregnated) raincoat; ‫ ﻣﻌﻄﻒ ﻓﺮو‬m. farw fur coat
‫ اﻧﻌﻄــﺎف‬in‘iṭāf inclination, bind(ing), curving, curvature; sympathy,
compassion; liking, attachment, affection
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﻄﺎف‬isti‘ṭāf imploring, entreaty, earnest supplication; tender affection;
conciliatory attitude
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻃﻒ‬āṭif compassionate, sympathetic, affectionate, loving, tender, kind |
‫( ﺣﺮف ﻋﺎﻃﻒ‬ḥarf) conjunction (gram.)
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻃﻔــﺔ‬āṭifa pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﻃــﻒ‬awāṭif2 amorous affection; affectionate
benevolence, solicitude, sympathy, compassion, affection, attachment,
liking, kind(li)ness; feeling, sentiment
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ‬āṭifī sentimental; emotional; emotive, feeling; tender, affectionate,
loving
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ‬āṭifīya sentimentality; emotionalism, emotionality
‫ ﻣﻨﻌﻄــﻒ‬mun‘aṭaf pl. -āt (road) turn, curve; turn, turning, winding,
tortuosity, twist, bend; lane, alley, narrow street
Confidential
‫ ﻋﻄﻒ‬musta‘ṭaf imploring, beseeching, supplicatory; tender, affectionate
‫‘ ﻋﻄـﻞ‬aṭala a (‘aṭal) to he destitute, he devoid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.), lack (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.);
to be idle, not to work, rest; to he without work, he unemployed II to leave
without care, to neglect (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to leave without work, leave idle
(‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. s.th.); to hinder, hamper, impede, obstruct (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to interrupt,
suspend, defer, discontinue, stop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. some activity); to ban
temporarily, suspend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. publication of a newspaper); to damage

(gravely), destroy, ruin, wreck, paralyze, neutralize, put out of service or
commission, lay up; put out of action, make inoperative (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stop,
shut off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a motor); to shut down, keep closed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., an
office) V to remain without work or employment; to he or become
unemployed (also ‫;)ﺗﻌﻄـﻞ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ to be or become idle, inactive; to be
hindered, hampered, impeded, obstructed, delayed, suspended, deferred, or
interrupted; to stop, stall (motor, machine); to fail (apparatus); to he
(gravely) damaged. be or be put out of action or commission; to be shut
down, be or remain closed; to he no longer valid, be ineffective (statutes)
‫‘ ﻋﻄـﻞ‬uṭl destitute, devoid (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬of s.th.); impairedness, defectiveness,
(gravely) damaged state; damage, loss
1024
‫‘ ﻋﻄﻞ‬aṭal unemployment
‫‘ ﻋﻄﻠـﺔ‬uṭla unemployment, also ‫( ﻋﻄﻠـﺔ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﺸـﻐﻞ‬šugl); leisure, holidays,
vacation(s), recess; (pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻄـﻞ‬uṭal) holiday, off day, free day | ‫رﲰﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻄﻠـﺔ‬
(rasmīya) official, or legal, holiday; ‫اﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ‬‫( ا م اﻟﻌﻄﻼت‬ayyām al-‘u.) official,
or legal, holidays; ‫‘ ﻋﻄﻠـﺔ اﻷﺳـﺒﻮع‬u. al-usbū‘ weekend; ‫( ﻋﻄﻠـﺔ ﻗﻀـﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬qaḍā’īya)
court recess (jur.); ‫اﻷﺳﺒﻮع‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻄﻠﺔ ﺎﻳﺔ‬u. nihāyat al-usbū‘ weekend
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬aṭāla unemployment
‫ ﺗﻌﻄﻴـ ــﻞ‬ta‘ṭīl hindering, obstruction, hampering; discontinuance,
interruption, deferment, suspension (of some activity); temporary ban,
suspension (of a newspaper); impairment, damaging, destruction, ruining,
wrecking, injury; paralyzation, neutralization, stoppage (e.g., of traffic);
stopping, shutting-off (of a motor); shutdown, closure (of an office); a
theological concept denying God all attributes (as opposed to tašbīš; theol.) |
‫ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﳌﺮور‬t. ḥarakat al-murūr traffic congestion
‫ ﺗﻌﻄـﻞ‬ta‘aṭṭul unemployment; inactivity, idleness; (mechanical) failure,
breakdown; standstill | ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‘( ﺗﻌﻄﻞ ﻋﻦ‬amal) unemployment
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻃـﻞ‬āṭil destitute, devoid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.); inactive. idle,
jobless, unemployed; an unemployed person; useless |

functionless organ (biol.)
‫‘ ﻋﻮاﻃﻞ‬awāṭil2 vacations, holidays
out of work,
‫ﻋﻀـﻮ ﻋﺎﻃـﻞ‬ (‘uḍw)
‫ ﻣﻌﻄﻞ‬mu‘aṭṭil one who denies God all attributes (theol.)

‫ ﻣﻌﻄﻞ‬mu‘ṭṭal inactive, idle, out of work, jobless, unemployed; inoperative,
out of action, service, or commission, shut-down; stopped, shut-off (motor);
closed (office)
‫‘ ﻋﻄـﻦ‬aṭan i u (‘aṭn) to soak (‫ اﳉﻠـﺪ‬al-jilda the skin or hide so as to remove
the hair, in tanning); to macerate (‫ اﻟﻜﺘـﺎن‬al-kattāna the flax); -- ‘aṭina a
(‘aṭan) to rot, decay, putrefy (skin, hide, in tanning) II = I ‘aṭana
‫‘ ﻋﻄـﻦ‬aṭan resting place of camels near a waterhole | ‫ ﺿـﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﻄـﻦ‬ḍayyiq al-
‘a. narrow-minded, parochial; ‫اﻟﻌﻄﻦ‬ ‫ رﺣﺐ‬raḥb al-‘a. broad-minded
‫‘ ﻋﻄﻦ‬aṭin putrid, rotten, stinking
‫‘ ﻋﻄﲔ‬aṭīn putrid, rotten, stinking
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺎن‬iṭān tanbark
1025
‫ ﻋﻄـﻮ‬III to give (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to give (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to
present, hand over, offer (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.); to grant, award, accord (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to
s.o. s.th.); to present (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. with s.th.), bestow (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬upon s.o. s.th.); pass.
u‘ṭiya to get, obtain, receive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫دروﺳـﺎ‬ ‫ اﻋﻄـﻰ‬to give lessons; ‫اﻋﻄـﻰ اﻗﻮاﻟـﻪ‬
(aqwālahū) to give evidence, give one’s testimony (jur.); ‫اﻋﻄـﻰ ﻟـﻪ اﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺔ‬
(kalimata) to allow s.o. to speak; ‫ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫( اﻋﻄﺎﻩ‬bi-yadihī) to surrender or submit
to s.o. V to ask for charity, ask for alms (‫ ه‬s.o.); to beg VI to take (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to swallow, take (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a medicine); to take over, assume, undertake, take upon
o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬a task); to occupy o.s., be occupied or buoy (‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.), be engaged
(‫ ﻫـ‬in s.th.), pursue, practice (‫ ﻫـ‬an activity) X = V
‫‘ ﻋﻄﺎ‬aṭan gift, present
‫‘ ﻋﻄــﺎء‬aṭā’ pl. a‘tiys gift, present; (pl. -āt) offer, tender | ‫ﻗــﺪم ﻋﻄــﺎء‬
(qaddama) to make an offer or tender
‫‘ ﻋﻄﻴﺔ‬aṭīya pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻄﺎ‬aṭāyā gift, present
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻃﺎة‬mu‘āṭāh exercise, practice, pursuit (of an activity)
‫ اﻋﻄﺎء‬i‘ṭā’ donation; presentation, grant(ing), award(ing)
‫ ﺗﻌﺎط‬ta‘āṭin pursuit, practice (of an activity)
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﻄﺎء‬isti‘ṭā’ begging, mendicity
‫ ﻣﻌﻂ‬mu‘ṭin giver, donor
‫ ﻣﻌﻄﻰ‬mu‘ṭan given; (pl. -āt) given quantity (math.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻂ‬musta‘ṭin beggar
‫ ﻋﻈــﻞ‬III ‫( ﻋﺎﻇــﻞ اﻟﻜــﻼم‬kalāma) to be repetitious in one’s speech, use
tautologisms, repeat o.s. in speaking
‫‘ ﻋﻈـﻢ‬aẓuma u (‘iẓam, ‫‘ ﻋﻈﺎﻣـﺔ‬aẓāma) to be or become great, big, large,
grand, grandiose, magnificent, imposing, powerful, or mighty; to be huge,
vast, enormous, tremendous, immense, stupendous; to be hard, distressing,
painful, agonizing, or oppressive (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.) II to make, or cause to
become, great(er), big(ger), large(r), (more) grandiose, (more) imposing,
(more) magnificent, mighty or mightier, (more) powerful (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.),
enhance the greatness, grandeur, magnificence, power, or might (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ of
s.o., of s.th.); to enlarge, enhance, magnify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to aggrandize, glorify,
1026
extol, exalt (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV = II; to attach great importance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.);
to regard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) as huge, vast, tremendous, enormous, immense, or
stupendous; to find (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) hard, distressing, or oppressive V to be proud
(‫ ب‬of s.th.); to boast (‫ ب‬of), vaunt, flaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.); to he arrogant,
presumptuous, haughty VI to be proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty,
supercilious; to be great, grand, grandiose, imposing, huge, prodigious; to
equal in weight, significance or importance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be weighty, grave,
serious, portentous (‫ ه‬for s.o.) | ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻇﻤـﻪ ﺷـﺄن اﻟﻌـﺪو‬ (ša’nu l-‘adūw) the
enemy’s importance does not unduly impress him X to be proud, arrogant,
presumptuous, haughty, supercilious; to regard as great, significant, or
important (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﻈـﻢ‬aẓm pl. ‫ اﻋﻈـﻢ‬a‘ẓum, ‫‘ ﻋﻈـﺎم‬iẓām bone | ‫ ﻋﻈـﻢ اﻟﺴـﺎق‬shinbone; ‫ﻣﺴـﺤﻮق‬

‫ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬bone meal; ‫ ﻟﲔ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬līn al-‘i. softening of the bones, osteomalacia
‫‘ ﻋﻈﻤﻲ‬aẓmī bone-, osteo- (in compounds) osseous, bony
‫‘ ﻋﻈــﻢ‬iẓam, ‘uẓm greatness, magnitude, grandeur, power, might;
Confidential
significance, importance
‫‘ ﻋﻈﻤﺔ‬aẓma piece of bone; bone
‫‘ ﻋﻈﻤــﺔ‬aẓama majesty; pride, arrogance, haughtiness; exaltedness,
sublimity, augustness | ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﺔ‬ His Majesty; His Highness; ‫ﻋﻈﻤـﺔ‬
‫‘ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎن‬a. as-sulṭān His Highness, the Sultan
‫‘ ﻋﻈﻤﻮت‬aẓamūt greatness, magnitude, grandeur, power, might
‫‘ ﻋﻈـﻴﻢ‬aẓīm pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻈﻤـﺎء‬uẓamā’2, ‫‘ ﻋﻈـﺎم‬iẓām, ‫‘ ﻋﻈـﺎﺋﻢ‬aẓā’im2 great, big,
large; strong, powerful, mighty; significant, important; grand, grandiose,
imposing, stately, magnificent; lofty, exalted, august, sublime, splendid,
gorgeous, glorious, superb; huge, vast, prodigious, enormous, tremendous,
immense, stupendous; hard, distressing, gruesome, trying, oppressive | ‫ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ‬
‫( ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‬furṣa) golden opportunity; ‫ ﻋﻈﺎﺋﻢ اﻷﻣـﻮر‬great or terrible things; ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﺎء‬
‫( واﻟﻜﱪاء‬kubarā’) the great of the world
‫‘ ﻋﻈﻴﻤــﺔ‬aẓīma pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻈــﺎﺋﻢ‬aẓā’im2 a prodigious, terrible thing; great
misfortune, calamity, disaster
‫‘ ﻋﻈــﺎﻣﻲ‬iẓāmī of noble descent, highborn, aristocratic, noble, blue-
blooded, of or pertaining to nobility; aristocrat, nobleman
1027
‫ اﻋﻈـﻢ‬a‘ẓam2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﻈﻤـﻰ‬uẓmā, pl. ‫ اﻋـﺎﻇﻢ‬a‘āẓim2 greater, bigger; mare

significant, more important; greatest, major, supreme; most significant,
paramount | ‫ﻣﺼـﺮ‬ ‫ اﻋـﺎﻇﻢ رﺟـﺎل‬a. r. miṣr the most outstanding men of Cairo;
‫ ﺟﺮﳝـﺔ ﻋﻈﻤـﻰ‬capital crime; ‫( اﳊـﺮب اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﻰ‬ḥarb) World War I; ‫اﻟﺴـﻮاد اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ‬
(sawād) the great mass, the great majority, the major portion (of the people);
‫اﻟﺼـﺪر اﻷﻋﻈـﻢ‬ (ṣadr) (formerly:) title of the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman
Empire (Ott.-Turk.: ṣadr-i a‘ẓam)
‫ ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬ta‘ẓīm aggrandizement, glorification, exaltation; military salute
‫ ﻣﻌﻈـﻢ‬mu‘aẓẓam glorified, exalted, revered, venerated; sublime, august
(esp. of rulers); splendid, gorgeous, glorious, magnificent, resplendent;
bony; ossified
‫ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬mu‘aẓzam most of (them), the majority, major part or portion (of),
main part; maximum | ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻪ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬mostly, for the moot part, largely
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻇﻢ‬muta‘āẓim proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty, supercilious
‫‘ ﻋﻈﺔ‬iẓa see ‫وﻋﻆ‬
‫‘ ﻋـﻒ‬affa i (‫‘ ﻋﻔـﺔ‬iffa, ‫‘ ﻋﻔـﺎف‬afāf) to refrain, abstain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.th.
Confidential
forbidden or indecent); to be abstinent, continent, virtuous, chaste, modest,
decent, pure V = I; to shrink (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), be shy (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of), be ashamed
‫‘ ﻋﻒ‬aff chute, modest, virtuous, pure; decent; honest, upright, righteous
‫‘ ﻋﻔـﺔ‬iffa abstinence, continence, virtuousness, virtue, chastity, decency;
purity; modesty; integrity, probity, honesty, uprightness, righteousness
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺎف‬afāf = ‫‘ ﻋﻔﺔ‬iffa
‫‘ ﻋﻔﻴـﻒ‬afīf pl. ‫ اﻋﻔـﺎء‬a‘fā’2, ‫ اﻋﻔـﺔ‬a‘iffa chaste, modest, virtuous, pure;
decent; honest, upright, righteous
‫ اﻋﻒ‬a‘aff2 chaster, more virtuous; more decent, of greater integrity
‫ ﺗﻌﻔﻒ‬ta‘affuf abstinence, continence, chastity, modesty; restraint
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﻔـﻒ‬muta‘affif chute, modest, virtuous, pure; decent; honest, upright
righteous
‫‘ ﻋﻔـﺮ‬afara i (‘afr) to cover with dust, to soil, begrime (also ‫ ﻟـﱰاب‬bi-t-
turāb; ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) II = I; to dust, sprinkle with dust or powder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to glean
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺮ‬afar pl. ‫ اﻋﻔﺎر‬a‘far dust
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺮ‬ufār (eg.) duet
1028
O ‫‘ ﻋﻔﺎرة‬afāra pl. -āt spray, atomizer

‫ اﻋﻔﺮ‬a‘far2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﻔﺮاء‬afrā’2 dust-colored, earth-colored
‫ ﻳﻌﻔﻮر‬ya‘fūr pl. ‫ ﻳﻌﺎﻓﲑ‬ya‘āfīr2 earthcolored gazelle
‫ ﺗﻌﻔﲑ‬ta‘fīr (act of) dusting, sprinkling with dust or powder
‫ ﻋﻔﺮت‬II ta‘frata to behave like a demon or devil
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺮﻳـﺖ‬ifrīt pl. ‘afārīt2 malicious, mischievous; sly, cunning, crafty, wily;
afreet, demon, imp, devil; (eg.) naughty child | ‫وﻟــﺪ ﻋﻔﺮﻳــﺖ‬ (walad)
mischievous child, good-for-nothing, ne’er-do-well (eg.)
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺮﻳﺘﺔ‬afrīta (lifting) jack (eg.)
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺮﺗﺔ‬afrata devilry; dirty trick
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺎرم‬afārim (eg.) bravo! well done!
‫’ﻋﻔﺶ‬afaša i (‘afš) to gather, collect, heap up, amass (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺶ‬afš refuse, rubbish, trash, junk;
luggage, baggage; household effects, furniture
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺎﺷﺔ‬afāša: ‫ ﻋﻔﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس‬worthless people
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺺ‬afṣ, galls, gallnuts, oak apples
‫‘ ﻋﻔﺺ‬afṣ sharp, pungent, acrid, astringent and bitter (of taste)
‫‘ ﻋﻔﻮﺻﺔ‬ufūṣa sharpness, pungency, acridity, astringence (of taste)
‫‘ ﻋﻔﻦ‬afina a (‘afan, ‫‘ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺔ‬ufūna) to rot, decay, putrefy, spoil; to be rotten,
decayed, putrid spoiled; to be or become moldy, musty, mildewy,
decomposed V = I
‫‘ ﻋﻔﻦ‬afan rottenness, putridity, decay, spoiledness
‫‘ ﻋﻔـﻦ‬afin rotten, putrid, decayed, decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty,
mildewy; septic | ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻨﺔ‬ ‫( اﳊﻤﻰ‬ḥummā) putrid fever
‫‘ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺔ‬ufūna rottenness, putridity, decay, spoiledness
‫ ﺗﻌﻔﻦ‬ta‘affun rottenness, putridity, decay, spoiledness
‫ ﻣﻌﻔــﻦ‬mu‘affan rotten, putrid, decayed, decomposed, spoiled, moldy,
musty mildewy; septic
‫ ﻣـﺘﻌﻔﻦ‬muta‘affin rotten, putrid, decayed, decomposed, spoiled, moldy,
musty, mildewy; septic
‫‘ )ﻋﻔـﺎ )ﻋﻔـﻮ‬afā u (‘afw, ‫ﻋﻔـﺎء‬ ‘afā) to be or become effaced, obliterated,
wiped out, eliminated; -- ‘afā u (‘afw) to efface, obliterate, wipe out,
1029
eliminate (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to forgive (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o.); to excuse, free, relieve, exempt

(‫ل‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ s.o. from s.th.); to desist, abstain, refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) II to efface,
obliterate, wipe out, eliminate (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III and IV to restore to health,
heal, cure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to guard (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ ه‬s.o. against), protect, save (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. from); to free, release, relieve, exempt, except (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), excuse, dispense (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. from s.th.) IV to dismiss,
discharge, fire, depose (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to recuperate, recover, regain health VIII
to call on s.o. (‫ )ه‬in order to obtain s.th. X to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pardon, ask for a
reprieve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to request (‫ ه‬of s.o.) exemption (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from s.th.); to tender
one’s resignation (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from an office); to resign (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from an office)
‫‘ ﻋﻔــﻮ‬afw effacement, obliteration, elimination; pardon, forgiveness;
waiver of punishment (Isl. Law); amnesty (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for); boon, kindness, favor;
surplus; ‫‘ ﻋﻔﻮا‬afwan I beg your pardon! excuse me! (in reply to “thank you”)
Confidential
you’re welcome! don’t mention it!; of one’s own accord, by o.s.,
spontaneously; casually; without design, in passing, incidentally I
(‫ﻋـﺎم‬
‫‘( ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ( ﻋﻔـﻮ‬āmm) amnesty (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for); ‫( ﺣـﻖ اﻟﻌﻔـﻮ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑـﺔ‬ḥaqq al-‘a.,
‘uqūba) right of granting pardon (jur.); ‫‘ ﻋﻔ ــﻮ اﳋ ــﺎﻃﺮ‬afwa l-kāṭir
spontaneously, unhesitatingly, casually
‫‘ ﻋﻔﻮ‬afw pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻔﺎء‬afā’ young donkey
‫‘ ﻋﻔﻮي‬afwī spontaneous
‫‘ ﻋﻔﻲ‬afīy (eg.) strong, vigorous, husky, robust
‫‘ ﻋﻔـﺎء‬afā’ effacement, obliteration, extinction, ruin, fall; dust | ‫ادرﻛـﻪ اﻟﻌﻔـﺎء‬
adrakahū l-‘afā’u to fall into disuse, pass out of use; ‫ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﻌﻔـﺎء‬it’s all over
with him, he is done for
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻓﺎة‬muāfāh exemption, excuse, dispensation
‫ اﻋﻔـﺎء‬i‘fā’ exemption (from a fee, and the like), excuse, dispensation;
remission (of punishment); discharge, dismissal (from an office)
‫ اﺳـﺘﻌﻔﺎء‬isti‘fā’ request for pardon; excuse, apology; resignation (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from
an office)
‫‘ ﻋﺎف‬āfin effaced, obliterated, wiped out, eliminated
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬āfiya (good) health, well-being; vigor, vitality
1030
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﰱ‬mu‘āfan exempt(ed), free, excused, dispensed (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from); healthy

‫‘ ﻋـﻖ‬aqqa u (‘aqq) to cleave, split, rip, rend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- ‘aqqa u (‫ﻋﻘـﻮق‬
‘uqūq) to be disobedient, disrespectful, undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant
(‫ ا ﻩ‬abāhu or ‫ واﻟﺪﻩ‬wālidahū toward his father, of a child)
‫‘ ﻋــﻖ‬aqq disobedient, disrespectful, undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant
(child)
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻴـﻖ‬aqīq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎﺋﻖ‬aqā’iq2 carnelian; (pl. ‫ اﻋﻘـﺔ‬a‘iqqa)
canyon, gorge, ravine
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬aqīqī carnelian-red
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﻮق‬uqūq disobedience, unruliness, refractoriness, recalcitrance (of a
child)
‫ اﻋــﻖ‬a‘aqq2 more irreverent, more disrespectful, naughtier | ‫ﻣــﺎ اﻋﻘــﻚ‬
(a‘aqqaka) how irreverent you are!
‫‘ ﻋــﺎق‬āqq disobedient, disrespectful, undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant
(child)
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺐ‬aqaba u (‘aqb) to follow (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after s.th.),
Confidential
succeed (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to come after, ensue; to continue II to follow (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬
s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after s.th.), succeed (‫ه‬
follow, trail (‫ه‬
,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to pursue,
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to expose, compromise, show up (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to
revise, correct, rectify, amend; to review critically, criticize (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.),
comment (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.th.) | ‫رﻩ‬ ‫ ﻋﻘـﺐ آ‬to tread in s.o.’s footsteps III to alternate,
take turns (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to punish (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب ه‬s.o. for) IV to follow (‫ﻫ ـ ه‬
s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after s.th.), succeed (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to come after,
ensue; to have for son (‫ ه‬s.o.), be the father (‫ ه‬of a son); to have as
offspring, have sired (‫ ه‬s.o.); to revert from evil to good, mend one’s ways,
reform; to end well, succeed, V to pursue, follow, trail (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) VI to
be successive or consecutive, succeed one another, follow one after the
other; to dart one by one (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬upon), launch successive attacks, act
successively, embark successively (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon)
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺐ‬aqib, ‘aqb pl. ‫ اﻋﻘـﺎب‬a‘qāb heal; last part of s.th., end; that which
follows subsequently or ensues, subsequence (with foll. genit.); grandson;
1031
offspring, progeny; ‘aqiba (prep.) immediately after, subsequent to | ‫ﻋﻘﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬

(‘aqibahū) or ‫ﻋﻘﺒـﻪ‬
‫ ﺟـﺎء ﰲ‬,‫ ﺟـﺎء ﺑﻌﻘﺒـﻪ‬he came closely after him; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻘـﺐ‬alā
‘aqibi immediately after ...; ‫‘( رﺟـﻊ )ﻋـﺎد( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﻴـﻪ‬aqibaihi) pl. (‫رﺟﻌـﻮا )ﻋـﺎدوا‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻋﻘـﺎ ﻢ‬to retrace one’s steps, turn back; ‫( ردﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﻴـﻪ‬raddahū) pl. ‫ردﻫـﻢ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻋﻘـﺎ ﻢ‬to drive s.o. back to where he came from; ‫( ارﺗـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﻴـﻪ‬irtadda)
pl. ‫ ارﺗـﺪوا ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻋﻘـﺎ ﻢ‬to withdraw, retreat; ‫( رأﺳـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻘـﺐ‬ra’san) head over
heels, topsy-turvy, upside down; from the ground up, radically; ‫ﻇﻬـﺮا ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( ﻋﻘـﺐ‬ẓahran) do.; ‫( ﰲ اﻋﻘـﺎب اﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‬a. iš-šahr) at the end of the month; ‫اﻋﻘـﺎب‬
‫ اﻟﺼــﻠﻮات‬a. aṣ-ṣalawāt (supererogatory) prayers performed after the
prescribed salat; ‫ ﰲ اﻋﻘﺎب اﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬at daybreak, immediately after night was over
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺐ‬uqb pl. ‫ اﻋﻘـﺎب‬a‘qāb end, outcome, upshot; issue, effect, result,

consequence; rest, remnant, remainder; (cigarette, etc.) end, butt, stub (of a
pencil, of a candle, of a check, etc.); counterfoil
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺐ‬aqaba pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎب‬iqāb steep road or track, steep incline; pass,
Confidential
mountain road; ‫ اﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ‬or ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺒـﺔ‬
‫ ﻗﻠﻌـﺔ‬qal‘at al-‘a. ‫ﻫ ـ‬qaba (seaport in SW Jordan):
(pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎب‬iqāb) obstacle; difficulty | ‫‘( وﻗـﻒ ﻋﻘﺒـﺔ دون‬aqabatan) to stand
in the way of s.th., obstruct s.th.
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻴـﺐ‬aqīb one who, or that which, succeeds or is subsequent; following,
subsequent | ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻘﻴﺐ‬aqība) thereafter, afterwards, subsequently
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎب‬uqāb (usually f.) pl. ‫ اﻋﻘـﺐ‬a‘qub, ‫‘ ﻋﻘﺒـﺎن‬iqbān eagle; ‫اﻟﻌﻘـﺎب ﻫ ـ‬quila
(astron.)
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎﰊ‬uqābī eagle, (in compounds), aquiline
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻴﺐ‬uqayyib a small eagle, Eaglet
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬uqūba pl. -āt punishment, penalty; pl. punitive measures, sanctions |
‫( ﻋﻘﻮ ت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬iqtiṣādīya) economic sanctions; ‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﻘﻮ ت‬penal code
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻮﰊ‬uqūbī penal, punitive
‫‘ ﻋﻘﱮ‬uqbā end, outcome, upshot; issue, effect, result, consequence
‫ ﻳﻌﻘـﻮب‬ya‘qūb2 Jacob, James; ya‘qūb (pl. ‫ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﻴـﺐ‬ya‘āqīb2) male mountain
quail (zool.) | ‫ﳊﺎﺟـﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔـﺲ ﻳﻌﻘـﻮب‬ li-hājatin fī nafsi y. for some unknown
reason, from secret motives
1032
‫ ﻳﻌﻘـﻮﰊ‬ya‘qūbī pl. ‫ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺒـﺔ‬ya‘āqiba a Jacobite, an adherent of Jacob Baradai;

Jacobite (adj.; Chr.)
‫ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬ta‘qīb pl. -āt pursuit, chase; investigation; comment(ing); appeal (of
a sentence, jur.) | ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺐ‬ ‫ داﺋﺮة‬court of review, appellate court (Tun.)
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺒــﺔ‬mu‘āqaba infliction of punishment, punishment; pl. ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺒــﺎت‬
sanctions (pol.)
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎب‬iqāb infliction of punishment, punishment; penalty
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎﰊ‬iqābī penal, punitive
‫ ﺗﻌﻘﺐ‬ta‘aqqub pl. -āt pursuit, chase; investigation
‫ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺐ‬ta‘āqub succession | ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺐ اﻟﻌﺼﻮر‬in the course of centuries
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻗﺐ‬āqib: ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺐ‬successively
‫ ﻋﺎﻗﺒـﺔ‬aqiba pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﻗـﺐ‬awāqib2 end, outcome, upshot; issue, effect, result,
consequence | ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‬benign (disease)
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺐ‬mu‘āqib alternate; punisher
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ‬muta‘āqib successive, consecutive, uninterrupted, continuous
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺪ‬aqada i (‘aqd) to knit, knot, tie (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) to fasten with a knot (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);
to put together, join, fold, lock (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s hands, and the like); to contract (‫ﻫ ـ‬
the brows, and the like); to fix (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s eyes,
‫ ب‬on); to arch, vault (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
structure); to hold, convene, convoke, summon, call (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a session,
a meeting); to conclude (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a contract), effect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a transaction, a sale); to

contract (‫ ﻫـ‬a loan) | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬‫‘ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻣـﻼ‬aqada amalan) to pin, or set, one’s hope(s)
on ...; ‫( ﻋﻘـﺪ ﺟﺒﻬﺘـﻪ‬jabhatahū) to knit, or wrinkle, one’s brows, frown; ‫ﻋﻘـﺪ‬
‫ﳏﺎدﺛـﺔ‬ (muḥādatatan) to strike up a conversation; ‫‘( ﻋﻘـﺪ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬uqida

kiṭbatuhā) she became engaged to; ‫( ﻋﻘـﺪ اﳋﻨﺼـﺮ )اﳋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬kinṣir, kanāṣir)
to give s.th. top-rating because of its excellence, put s.th. above everything
else; ‫زواﺟﺎ‬
‫( ﻋﻘﺪ‬zawājan) to contract a marriage; ‫‘( ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻌﺰم )اﻟﻌﺰﳝﺔ( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬azma)
to make up one’s mind to do s.th., be (firmly) determined to do s.th.; ‫ﻋﻘـﺪ‬
‫ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ‬to silence s.o.; ‫ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻟﻮاء اﻟﺸـﻲء‬to found, start, originate, launch, produce,
kindle, provoke s.th.; ‫( اﻟﺴـﻔﻴﻨﺔ اﳌﻌﻘـﻮد ﳍـﺎ ﻟـﻮاء اﻟﻘﻴـﺎدة‬liwā’u l-q.) the flagship;
1033
‫( اﻟﺒﺎرﺣـﺔ اﳌﻌﻘـﻮد ﻟﻮاؤﻫـﺎ ﻟﻼﻣـﲑال‬liwā’uhā li-l-amīrāl) the admiral’s flagship; ‫ﻋﻘـﺪ‬

‫( ﺻـﻴﺘﻪ‬nāṣiyatahū) = ‫( ﻋﻘـﺪ ﺟﺒﻬﺘـﻪ; ﻋﻘـﺪ ﻧﻄﺎﻗـﺎ‬niṭāqan) to form a cordon (‫ﺣﻮﻟـﻪ‬
around s.o.); ‫( ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬nīyata) to resolve, make up one’s mind to do s.th.,
decide on s.th.; ‫)ﻋﻘـﺪ ﻟـﻪ ﻟـﻮاء ا ـﺪ )اﻟﻨﺼـﺮ‬ ‘uqida lahū liwā’u l-majd (n-naṣr)
approx.: he was awarded the laurel of fame (of victory); ‫اﳌـﺮأة‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬alā l-
mar’a) to marry a woman II to knit (tightly), knot, tie (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pile up,
mass together (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., clouds), cluster (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., vapors, steam); to complicate,
make difficult, intricate, or tangled ‫( ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II and IV to congeal, coagulate,
clot, thicken, inspissate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. by boiling) V to be knit (together),
knotted, tied with knots; to be or become intricate or complicated; to
congeal, coagulate, clot, thicken; to gather (of clouds, etc.) | ‫ﺗﻌﻘـﺪ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬
(lisānuhū) to express o.s. with difficulty, speak laboringly; to be unable to
speak, be tongue-tied VI to be interknit, interknotted, interjoined,
interlinked; to make a contract; to reach agreement, come to mutual
agreement (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on, about) VII to be knit (together), knotted, tied with knots,
Confidential
entangled; to contract, become contracted (e.g., brows); to be inhibited
(tongue); to congeal, coagulate, clot, thicken; to be concluded (contract), be
effected (sale); to convene, assemble, meet (a committee, a conference, and
the like) | ‫( اﻻﲨـﺎع ﻣﻨﻌﻘـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ان‬ijmā‘) there is general conviction that ...; ‫ﱂ‬
‫( ﻳﻨﻌﻘـﺪ ﻟـﻪ زﻫـﺮ وﻻ ﲦـﺮ‬zahr, tamar) to remain without blossom and fruit, be
without any effect and consequence VIII to believe (firmly) (s.th., ‫ ب‬in)
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺪ‬aqd knitting, knotting, tying; joining, junction, looking; holding,
summoning, convocation (of a session, of a meeting); conclusion (of a
contract, of a sale); contraction (of a loan, and the like); -- (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﻮد‬uqūd)
contract, agreement, arrangement; legal act, legal transaction; document,
deed; vault, arah; group of ten, half-score; decade, decennium | ‫ﻋﻘـﺪ اﻟﻔـﻲ‬
(alfī) millennium; ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺪ اﻟـﺰواج‬a. az-zawāj contraction of marriage, marriage;
marriage certificate; ‫ ﻋﻘـﺪ اﻟﻘـﺮان‬contraction of marriage, marriage; ‫ﻋﻘـﺪ اﳌﻠﻜﻴـﺔ‬
‘a. al-milkīya title deed; ‫ﻋﻘﺪﻫﻢ‬ ‫( اﻧﻔﺮط‬infaraṭa) they broke up, they went their
own ways
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺪ‬iqd pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﻮد‬uqūd chaplet, necklace | ‫ واﺳـﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻘـﺪ‬center, focus,
highlight, chief attraction, pièce de résistance
1034
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺪة‬uqda pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺪ‬uqad knot (also = nautical mile); inch; joint (anat.);
splice; knot, knur, knob, swelling, nodule, node, protuberance, excrescence,
outgrowth; compact, covenant, contract; problem, difficulty; puzzle, riddle;
complex (psychol.)
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎد‬aqqād a producer and seller of cords, braiding and tassels, maker of
trimmings
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎدة‬iqāda manufacture of trimmings, braiding, etc.
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻴـﺪ‬aqīd pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺪاء‬uqadā’2 contracting party, contractant, contractor; a
military rank, approx.: lieutenant colonel (Ir.); colonel (mil., U.A.R.)
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻴـﺪة‬aqīda pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎﺋـﺪ‬aqā’id2 article of faith, tenet, doctrine; dogma;
creed, faith, belief; conviction; O ideology | ‫ﻋﻘﻴــﺪة ﺧﺮاﻓﻴــﺔ‬ (kurāfīya)
superstition; ‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪﰐ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬according to my conviction, as I believe
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺪي‬aqā’idī O ideological
‫اﻋﻘـﺪ‬a‘qad2 (elative) knottier, more knotted; more complicated, more
difficult; -- a‘qad2, f. ‫ﻋﻘـﺪاء‬ ‘aqdā’ knotty, knotted, guarded | ‫ﻋﺼـﺎ ﻋﻘـﺪاء‬
(‘aṣan) knotty stick, brier cane
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻌﻘـﺪ‬ma‘qid pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻗـﺪ‬ma‘āqid2 piece where s.th. is knotted or tied in a
knot or knots; point where s.th. joins or meets, a junction, a juncture, a joint,
a seam | ‫ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ‬the object on which s.o. pins his hopes; ‫ﺟﻔﻨـﻪ‬
(karā bi-m. jafnihī) no slumber closed his lids
‫ﻻ ﺧﺬ اﻟﻜﺮى ﲟﻌﻘـﺪ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻘﻴـﺪ‬ta‘qīd complication, entanglement, involvement; complicatedness,

intricacy; complexity, tangledness; pl. -āt intricate, complicated problems
‫ ﺗﻌﻘﺪ‬ta‘aqqud complicatedness, complexity, intricacy
‫ اﻧﻌﻘـﺎد‬in‘iqād meeting, convening, session (of a committee, and the like) |
‫ دور اﻻﻧﻌﻘﺎد‬daur al-in. session, term (parl.)
‫ اﻋﺘﻘـﺎد‬i‘tiqād (firm) belief, faith, trust, confidence, conviction; -- (pl. -āt)
(religious) creed, faith; article of faith; principle of faith, tenet; doctrine;
dogma
‫ اﻋﺘﻘـﺎد‬i‘tiqād dogmatic; (pl. -ūn) dogmatist | ‫( اﳌﻌﻬـﺪ اﻻﻋﺘﻘـﺎدي‬madhab)
dogmatism
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻗﺪ‬āqid legally competent to contract (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻣﻌﻘـﻮد‬ma‘qūd knit, knotted, etc., see ‫( ﻋﻘـﺪ‬of milk) curdled | ‫ﻣﻌﻘـﻮد اﻟﻠﺴـﺎن‬
tongue-tied, incapable of speech | ‫ان‬ ‫( ﻛـﺎن اﻷﻋﻤـﺎل ﻣﻌﻘـﻮدا‬amalu) it was hoped
that …
1035
‫ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ‬mu‘aqqad knotted, knotty, gnarl.d; complicated, intricate, entangled,

snarled, involved, difficult
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻗﺪ‬mu‘āqad contracting party, contractant, contractor
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ‬muta‘āqid: ‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪان‬the two contracting parties
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬mu‘taqad believed; ‫ اﳌﻌﺘﻘﺪ ان‬it is believed that ..., it is held that …; --
(pl. -āt) article of faith, principle of faith, tenet; doctrine; dogma; creed,
faith; conviction, belief, view, opinion
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺮ‬aqara i (‘aqr) to wound (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); -- ‘aqura u and ‘aqara i
(‘uqr, ‘aqr, ‫ﻋﻘـﺎرة‬ ‘aqāra) to be barren, sterile; to be childless III to be
addicted, be given (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th., e.g., to drinking) IV to stun, stupefy (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺮ‬uqr, ‘aqr barrenness, sterility; middle, center | ‫ ﰲ ﻋﻘـﺮ اﻟـﺪار‬within the

house itself (not outside the house); ‫ﰲ ﻋﻘـﺮ دارﻩ‬ in his own house; ‫ﰲ ﻋﻘـﺮ‬
‫ د رﻫﻢ‬within the country; in their own country, on their own ground
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺮ‬uqr indemnity for illicit sexual intercourse with a woman slave (Isl.
Law); childless man
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎر‬aqār pl. -āt immovable property, immovables, real property, real
estate, realty; piece of real estate, landed property
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎر‬uqār residue
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎري‬aqārī of or pertaining to immovable property, immovables, landed
property, or real estate; consisting in immovable property, immovables,
landed property, or real estate; landed | ‫ﺑﻨـﻚ ﻋﻘـﺎري‬ real-estate bank, land-
mortgage bank; ‫( رﻫــﻦ ﻋﻘــﺎري‬rahn) mortgage on landed property, landed
security; ‫( اﻟﻘﺴـﻢ اﻟﻌﻘـﺎري‬qism) real-estate administration (Tun.); ‫ﻣﻠـﻚ ﻋﻘـﺎري‬
(milk) landed property
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻮر‬aqūr mordacious, rapacious, voracious (animal)
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎر‬aqqār pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎﻗﲑ‬aqāqīr2 drug; medicament, remedy
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎرة‬aqāra barrenness, sterility
‫‘ ﻋﻘﲑة‬aqīra voice
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻗﺮ‬āqir (f.) barren, sterile (woman)
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺮب‬aqrab pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎرب‬aqārib2 scorpion; sting, prick; hand (of a watch or
clock); look, curl; ‫ اﻟﻌﻘﺮب‬Scorpio (astron.)
‫ ﻣﻌﻘﺮب‬mu‘aqrab crooked, curved, curled
1036
‫‘ ﻋﻘﺺ‬aqaṣa i (‘aqṣ) to braid, plait (‫ ﻫـ‬the hair)

‫‘ ﻋﻘﻴﺼﺔ‬aqīṣa pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺺ‬aqā’iṣ2, ‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎص‬iqāṣ braid, plait (of hair), lock
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻌﻖ‬aq‘aq pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎﻋﻖ‬aqā‘iq2 magpie (zol.)
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻒ‬aqafa i (‘aqf) to crook, hook, bend sharply (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II = I
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻔﺔ‬uqfa pl. -āt loop, ring, eyelet (to hold a button, the cords of the ‘iqāl,
and the like)
‫ اﻋﻘﻒ‬a‘qaf2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﻘﻔﺎء‬aqfā’2 crooked, bent, hooked
O ‫ ﻣﻌﻘﻒ‬ma‘qif square bracket
‫ ﻣﻌﻘـﻮف‬ma‘qūf crooked, bent, hooked; bent at the ends, handlebar-shaped
(mustache); dual ‫ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻓﺎن‬square brackets (typ.) | ‫اﳌﻌﻘﻮف‬ ‫ اﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ‬the swastika
‫ ﻣﻨﻌﻘﻒ‬mun‘aqif square bracket | ‫ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻨﻌﻘﻔﲔ‬in square brackets
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﻞ‬aqala i (‘aql) to hobble with the ‘iqāl (‫ ﻋﻘـﺎل‬q.v.; ‫ اﻟﺒﻌـﲑ‬al-ba‘īra the
camel); to intern, confine, detain, arrest, put under arrest (‫ ه‬s.o.); to throw
(‫ ه‬s.o.) in wrestling; to pay blood money or wergild (‫ل‬ ‫ ه‬for the slain to
Confidential
s.o.); to be endowed with (the faculty of) reason, be reasonable, have
intelligence; to be in one’s senses, be conscious; to realize, comprehend,
understand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻋﻘــﻞ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬ (lisānahū) to tongue-tie s.o., make s.o.
speechless II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) reasonable or sensible, bring (‫ ه‬s.o.) to reason

V to be or become reasonable, sensible, rational, intelligent, judicious,
prudent, wise; to comprehend, grasp (‫ ه‬s.th.) VIII to arrest, put under arrest,
apprehend, detain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to intern (‫ ه‬s.o.); to seize, impound (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﻘــﻞ‬aql blood money, bloodwite, wergild; (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘــﻮل‬uqūl) sense,

sentience, reason, understanding, comprehension, discernment, insight,
rationality, mind, intellect, intelligence | ‫ ﳐﺘـﻞ اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ‬muktall al-‘a. mentally
deranged, demented, insane, mad; ‫ ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ )ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ( اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ‬sane; O ‫( اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ اﻟﺒـﺎﻃﻦ‬or
‫اﻟﻼﺷــﻌﻮري‬, or ‫( )ﻏــﲑ اﻟـﻮاﻋﻲ‬lā-šu‘ūrī, gairu l-wā‘ī) the unconscious, the
subliminal; O ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮري‬ ‫( اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬or ‫اﻟﻮاﻋﻲ‬, or ‫( )اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬šu‘ūrī) the subconscious, the
coconscious; O ‫( اﻟﻌﻘــﻞ اﳌﻤﻴــﺰ‬mumayyiz) the conscious; O ‫ﻋﻘــﻞ اﻟﻜــﱰوﱐ‬
electronic computer
1037
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻠﻲ‬aqlī reasonable, rational; ratiocinative; mental; intellectual; (pl. -ūn)

rationalist; an intellectual; ‫ اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺎت‬al-‘aqlīyāt the mental world | ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻫﺐ‬
(madhab) rationalism; ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻷﻣﺮض‬mental diseases
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬aqlīya mentality, mental attitude
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻠﺔ‬uqla pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘﻞ‬uqal knot, knob, node (e.g., of a reed, cane, etc.); joint,
articulation; knuckle; layer (hort.); trapeze
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎل‬iqāl pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﻞ‬uqul cord used for hobbling the feet of a camel; a
headband made of camel’s hair, holding the kūfīya in place | ‫اﻃﻠـﻖ ﺣـﺮ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫( ﻋﻘﺎﳍﺎ‬aṭlaqa ḥarban) to unleash or start a war
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﻮل‬aqūl understanding, reasonable, sensible, discerning, intelligent;
costive medicine; (and ‫ﻋـﺎﻗﻮل‬ ‘āqūl) a low spiny shrub of the steppes of
North Africa and Western Asia (camel’s-thorn, Alhagi maurorom; Alhagi
manniferom Desv.; bot.)
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻴﻠـﺔ‬aqīla pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎﺋـﻞ‬aqā’il2 the best, the pick; wife, spouse | ‫اﻟﺴـﻴﺪة ﻋﻘﻴﻠﺘـﻪ‬
(sayyida) his wife; ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻘﺎﺋﻞ‬a. aṣ-ṣifāt the very best qualities
Confidential
‫ اﻋﻘﻞ‬a‘qal2 brighter, smarter, more intelligent
‫ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ‬ma‘qil pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ma‘āqil2 refuge, sanctuary; stronghold, fortress, fort;
O pillbox, bunker, dugout (mil.); fortified position
‫ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ‬ma‘qula pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻗﻞ‬ma‘āqil2 blood money, wergild
‫ ﺗﻌﻘــﻞ‬ta‘aqqul understanding, discernment, prudence, judiciousness,
wisdom | ‫ ﺑﺘﻌﻘﻞ‬sensibly, intelligently
‫ اﻋﺘﻘـﺎل‬i‘tiqāl pl. -āt arrest, detention, internment; cramp, spasm | ‫ﻣﻌﺴـﻜﺮ‬
‫ اﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎل‬mu‘askar al-i‘t. concentration camp
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻗـﻞ‬āqil pl. -ūn, ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﻼء‬uqalā’2, ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎل‬uqqāl understanding, reasonable,
sensible, rational, discerning, intelligent, prudent, judicious, wile; in full
possession of one’s mental faculties, compos mentis, sane in mind
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬āqila a clan committed by unwritten law of the Bedouins to pay the
bloodwite for each of its members
‫ ﻣﻌﻘ ــﻮل‬ma‘qūl reasonable, sensible, intelligible, comprehensible,
understandable, plausible, logical; rational; apprehensive faculty,
comprehension, intellect, discernment, judiciousness, judgment; common
sense | ‫ ﻣﻌﻘـﻮل‬unintelligible, incomprehensible, nonsensical, incongruous,
preposterous, absurd
1038
‫ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻟﻴـﺔ‬ma‘qūlīya, comprehensibility, intelligibility; logicality, rationality,

or reasonable character, logicality, rationality, reasonableness
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﻞ‬mu‘taqal pl. -āt concentration camp; prison camp; internment camp,
detention camp
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﻢ‬aqama u and ‘aquma u (‘aqm; ‘uqm) to be barren, sterile (womb,
woman); -- aqama i (‘aqm) to render barren (‫ ﻫـ‬the womb) II to render sterile
or barren, sterilize (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to degerminate (‫ ه‬s.th.); to pasteurize (‫ه‬
s.th.); to disinfect (‫ ه‬s.th.) V to be rendered barren, be sterilized
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻢ‬aqm, ‘uqm, ‘aqam barrenness, sterility
‫‘ ﻋﻘﻤﺔ‬uqma barrenness, sterility
‫‘ ﻋﻘـﻴﻢ‬aqīm pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﻢ‬uqum, ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺎم‬iqām barren; sterile; useless, unavailing,
futile, fruitless, ineffectual, ineffective, unproductive (e.g., work, attempt)
‫ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﻢ‬ta‘qīm sterilization, degermination, pasteurization; disinfection
O ‫ ﻣﻌﻘﻢ‬mu‘aqqim disinfector, disinfecting apparatus
‫ ﻣﻌﻘﻢ‬mu‘aqqam sterilized, pasteurized, disinfected, degerminated
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﻚ‬akka i (‘akk) to be sultry, muggy (day)
‫‘ ﻋﻚ‬akk sultry, muggy, sweltering
‫‘ ﻋﻜﺔ‬akka2, ‫‘ ﻋﻜﺎء‬akkā’2 and ‫‘ ﻋﻜﺎ‬akkkā Acre (seaport in Palestine)
‫‘ ﻋﻜﻴﻚ‬akīk sultry, muggy, sweltering (day)
‫‘ ﻋﻜـﺮ‬akira a (‘akar) to be or become turbid, muddy, roily II to render
turbid, to roil, to muddy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to disturb, trouble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) |
‫( ﻋﻜﺮ اﻟﺼﻔﻮ‬ṣafwa) to destroy the untroubled state, disturb

the order; ‫( ﻋﻜـﺮ ﺻـﻔﻮﻩ‬ṣafwahū) and ‫( ﻋﻜـﺮ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﺼـﻔﻮ‬ṣafwa) to kill s.o.’s
good spirits, spoil s.o.’s good humor V to become turbid, become muddy; to
deteriorate, be aggravated, become worse (situation)
‫‘ ﻋﻜﺮ‬amr turbidity, muddiness; sediment, dregs, lees
‫‘ ﻋﻜﺮ‬akir turbid, muddy, roily; troubled, disturbed
‫‘ ﻋﻜﺎرة‬akāra, ‘ikāra (eg.) sediment, dregs, lees
‫ ﺗﻌﻜـﲑ‬ta‘kīr (act of) rendering turbid, roiling, muddying; disturbance,
troubling, derangement
‫ ﻣﻌﻜﺮ‬mu‘akkar turbid, sedimentous, roiled, muddy; disturbed, troubled
‫ ﻋﻜﺰ‬V to lean (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on a staff)
1039
‫‘ ﻋﻜﺎز‬ukkāz, ‫‘ ﻋﻜﺎزة‬ukkāza pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻜﺎﻛﻴﺰ‬akākīz2 staff, stick; crutch

‫‘ ﻋﻜﺲ‬akasa i (‘aks) to reverse, invert (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to reflect, throw back, cast
back, mirror (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to counteract, oppose, contradict (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.),
thwart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to disturb, trouble (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to molest, vex, tease,
harass (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to be reversed, be inverted; to be thrown back, be cast
back, be reflected, be mirrored VII to be reversed, be inverted; to turn back
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to redound (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to, on); to be thrown back, be cast back (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬by), be reflected, be mirrored (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬by, in)
‫‘ ﻋﻜـﺲ‬aks reversal, reversion, inversion; reflection; opposite, contract,
contrary, reverse | ‫‘ ﻋﻜـﺲ ذﻟـﻚ‬aksa d. and ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻜـﺲ ذﻟـﻚ‬in contrast with
that, contrary to that; ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﻦ‬to be in contrast to, be in opposition
to; ‫ ﻟﻌﻜـﺲ‬on the contrary, conversely; ‫ واﻟﻌﻜـﺲ ﻟﻌﻜـﺲ‬and vice versa; ‫ﲝـﺚ‬
‫( اﳌﺴـﺄﻟﺔ ﻃـﺮدا وﻋﻜﺴـﺎ‬mas’alata ṭardan) he studied the problem from all sides
or in all its aspects
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﻜﺴﻲ‬aksī contrary, opposite, contrasting, antithetical, adverse
‫‘ ﻋﻜﻴﺲ‬akīs layer, shoot, cion (hort.)
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺴـﺔ‬mu‘ākasa pl. as disturbance; molestation, pestering, harassment;
struggle, fight, battle | ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺴــﺔ اﳊﺎﻟــﺔ اﳉﻮﻳــﺔ‬ (jawwīya) inclemency of the
weather
‫ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻲ‬in‘ikāsī reflection; (pl. -āt) reflex
‫ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻲ‬in‘ikāsī reflectional, reflexive, reflex (adj.) | ‫( ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ḥaraka)
reflex action, reflex (physiol.)
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻛﺲ‬ākis screen, lamp shade; reflector
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻛﺴﺔ‬ākisa reflector; eye shade; lamp shade
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺲ‬mu‘ākis counter-, contra-, anti- ‫( ﻫﺠﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ‬hajma) counterattack
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻛﺲ‬muta‘ākis contrasting, opposite, opposed, conflicting
‫ ﻣـﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬mun‘akis reflected | ‫( ﺻـﻮرة ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺴـﺔ‬ṣūra) mirror image, reflected
image, reflection, reflex; ‫ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻓﻌﺎل‬reflex actions
‫‘ ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ‬akāša awkwardness, clumsiness
‫‘ ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ‬ukāša, ‘ukāša spider; spider web, cobweb
1040
‫‘ ﻋﻜﻒ‬akafa u i (‫‘ ﻋﻜﻒ‬ukuf) to adhere, cling, stick, keep (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to give

o.s. over, apply o.s., devote o.s., be addicted (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.), indulge (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in
s.th.), be obsessed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬by), be bent, be intent (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.th.); to be busily
engaged (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in), busy o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with); to remain uninterruptedly (‫ ﰲ‬in); to
seclude o.s., isolate o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬in, at a place), withdraw, retire (‫ ﰲ‬into, to a
place); -- ‘akafa u i (‘akf) to hold back, restrain, keep (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. from) II to
hold back, restrain, keep (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from) V to remain uninterruptedly (‫ﻫ ـ‬
in); to seclude o.s., isolate o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬in, at a place;
‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), withdraw, retire
(‫ ﰲ‬into, to a place; ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to live in seclusion. in retirement (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from)
VIII = V; to devote o.s., apply o.s. assiduously (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.), busy o.s. (‫اﱃ‬
with)
‫ ﻋـﺎﻛﻒ‬pl. -ūn, ‫‘ ﻋﻜـﻮف‬ukūf, ‫‘ ﻋﻜـﻒ‬ukkaf given, addicted (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.);
obsessed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬by), bent, intent (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); busily engaged (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in), busy (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
with)
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﻜـﻢ‬akama i (‘akm) to bundle up, pack, tie in a cloth, and the like (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
1‫‘ ﻋﻞ‬alu see ‫ﻋﻠﻮ‬
2‫‘ ﻋــﻞ‬alla, ‫ﻟﻌــﻞ‬ la-‘alla (particle; with accusative noun immediately
following) perhaps, maybe | ‫ﻟﻌﻞ‬ ‫( ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪري‬man yadrī) who knows if …

3‫‘ ﻋـﻞ‬alla i and pass. ‘ulla to be or fall ill II to occupy, busy, keep busy,
entertain, distract (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with); to justify, motivate, explain (‫ ب ه‬s.th.

with) | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻞ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ )اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ( ب‬to indulge in the hope that …, entertain or
cherish the hope of or that …, be given to the illusion that ...; ‫ﻣـﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻞ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
to indulge in hopes; to entertain vain hopes; ‫اﻵﻣﺎل ب‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻞ‬to cherish the hope
‫ ﻋﻠﻠـﻪ ﻟﻮﻋـﻮد‬to put s.o. off with promises V to occupy o.s., busy o.s.,
of ...;
amuse o.s., distract o.s., divert o.s. (‫ ب‬with); to make an excuse, offer a
pretext; to offer or use as an excuse, offer a pretext (‫ ب‬s.th.); to use as an

expedient, as a makeshift (‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫ﺑﻌﻠـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺗﻌﻠـﻞ‬bi-‘illatin) to make a pretext,
plead s.th. as an excuse VIII to be or fall ill; to be weak, defective; to make
1041
an excuse, offer a pretext; to adduce, give, offer (‫ ب‬a reason or excuse, ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
for s.th.); to pretend, purport, allege, feign, dissimulate, offer as a pretext or
excuse (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﺔ‬illa pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻞ‬ilal illness, sickness, disease, malady; deficiency,
defect, weakness; weakness, defectiveness (of a letter or word; gram.);
metrical variation or irregularity (prosody); -- (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻞ‬ilal) cause, reason,
occasion; excuse, pretense, pretext, plea | ‫ ﺣـﺮوف اﻟﻌﻠـﺔ‬the weak letters ( ,‫ ي‬,‫ا‬
‫ ;و‬gram.); ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻼﺗـﻪ‬in spite of his weaknesses, such as he is; ‫اﻟﻌﻠـﺔ واﳌﻌﻠـﻮل‬
cause and effect; ‫ ﻋﻠـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻞ ﰲ‬the principal cause of ..., the deeper reason
underlying ...
‫‘ ﻋﻠﺔ‬alla pl. -āt concubine | ‫ ﺑﻨﻮ اﻟﻌﻼت‬banū l-‘a. sons of a man by different
mothers
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴـﻞ‬alīl pl. ‫ اﻋـﻼء‬a‘illa’ sick, ill, ailing; sick person, patient; soft, gentle,
mild, pleasant
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬illīya causality
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ilya, ‘ullīya and ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴﻮن‬illīyūn see ‫ﻋﻠﻮ‬
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﻼﻟﺔ‬ulāla comfort, consolation; remainder, remnant, rest
‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻴـﻞ‬ta‘līl pl. -āt entertainment, diversion, distraction; argumentation,
justification, motivation, explanation
‫ ﺗﻌﻠــﺔ‬ta‘illa pl. -āt pretext, pretense, excuse; makeshift, expedient,
substitute, surrogate
‫ اﻋﺘﻼل‬i‘tilāl illness, sickness, disease, malady; weakness, defectiveness
‫ ﻣﻌﻠـﻮل‬ma‘lūl ill, sick, ailing; effect | ‫‘( اﻟﻌﻠـﺔ واﳌﻌﻠـﻮل‬illa) cause and effect;
‫ اﲣﺬ اﳌﻌﻠﻮل ﻋﻠﺔ‬ittakada l-ma‘lūla ‘illatan to mistake cause and effect
‫ ﻣﻌﻞ‬mu‘all ill, sick, ailing
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻞ‬mu‘tall ill, sick, ailing; weak (letter; gram.); defective (word; gram.)
‫ ﻋﻠﺐ‬II to can, tin, preserve in cans (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﻠﺒﺔ‬ulba pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻠﺐ‬ulab, ‫‘ ﻋﻼب‬ilāb box, case; can, tin; etui
‫ ﻋﻠـﺞ‬III to treat (‫ ه‬s.o., a patient; ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a disease, also a subject); to occupy
o.s., concern o.s., have to do, deal (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o., with s.th.), attend, turn
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to cultivate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a literary genre); to take up
1042
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), go in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.), apply o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to take upon o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
undergo (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to work (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or on s.th.), process, treat, manipulate,
handle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to endeavor, take pains, try hard (‫ ان‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to do s.th.); to
palpate, paw, finger, touch (‫ ه‬s.o.), fumble around (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to influence
(‫ ه‬s.o.), work (‫ ه‬upon s.o. by arguments or persuasions), prevail (‫ ه‬on s.o.)
| ‫اﻷﺧـﲑ‬ ‫( ﻋـﺎﰿ اﻟﺮﻣـﻖ‬ramaqa) to be on the verge of death, be dying; ‫ﻋﺎﳉـﻪ ﺑﻄﻌﻨـﺔ‬
(bi-ṭa‘natin) to land a stab on s.o., stab s.o. VI to be under medical
treatment, receive or undergo medical treatment VIII to wrestle, struggle,
fight (with one another); to be in violent commotion or agitation, heave,
surge, tremble
‫‘ ﻋﻠﺞ‬ilj pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻮج‬ulūj infidel; uncouth fellow, lout
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﳉـﺔ‬mu‘ālaja treatment (of a patient, also of a subject); nursing (of a
patient); cultivation (of an art); manipulation, handling, processing,
treatment (of a material, etc.)
‫‘ ﻋﻼج‬ilāj medical treatment; remedy; cure, therapy
‫ ﺗﻌﺎﰿ‬ta‘āluj curative, therapeutic
Confidential
‫ ﻋﻠﻒ‬ta‘āluj medical treatment (which one undergoes)
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻒ‬alafa i (‘alf) to feed, fodder (‫ ﻫـ‬livestock)
‫‘ ﻋﻠــﻒ‬alaf pl. ‫ اﻋــﻼف‬a‘lāf, ‫‘ ﻋــﻼف‬ilāf, ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻮﻓــﺔ‬ulūfa fodder, forage,
provender
‫‘ ﻋﻼف‬allaf pl. ‫ ة‬seller of provender
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻮﻓـﺔ‬alūfa pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻼﺋـﻒ‬alā’if2 stall-fed animal; -- (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻒ‬uluf) fodder,
forage, provender
‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻒ‬mi‘laf pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻒ‬ma‘ālif2 manger, trough
‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻮف‬ma‘laf stall-fed, fattened (animal)
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻖ‬aliqa a (‘alaq) to hang, be suspended, dangle; to stick, cling, cleave,
adhere (‫ ب‬to); to catch (‫ ب‬on, ‫ ﰲ‬in), get caught or stuck (‫ ب‬on, ‫ ﰲ‬in); to be
attached, affixed, subjoined (‫ ب‬to s.th.); -- (‫‘ ﻋﻠﻮق‬ulūq, ‫‘ ﻋﻼﻗـﺔ‬alāqa) to keep
(‫ ب‬to s.o.), he attached, be devoted (‫ ب‬to s.o.), be fond (‫ ب‬of s.o.); (with
foll. imperf.) to begin, commence to ..., start doing s.th.; -- ‘aliqat (‫ﻋﻠـﻮق‬
‘ulūq) to become pregnant, conceive (woman) II to hang, suspend (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ب‬
‫ ه‬s.th. on), attach, hitch, fasten, affix, tie (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬to); to leave
1043
undecided, keep pending, keep in abeyance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make dependent or

conditional (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on); to comment (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on s.th.); annotate, gloss,
furnish with notes or a commentary (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), remark, state (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with
regard to); to make notes (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.), jot down (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻖ اﻵﻣﺎل‬to set
one’s hopes on; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ (‫( ﻋﻠﻖ اﳘﻴﺔ )ﺧﻄـﻮرة‬ahammīyatan) to attach importance to
s.th. IV to hang, suspend (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. on), attach, hitch, fasten, affix, tie (‫ب ﻫـ‬
s.th. to); to apply leeches V to hang, be suspended, dangle (‫ ب‬from); to
cling, cleave, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to keep, stick, hang on (‫ ب‬to); to be attached,
be devoted (‫ ب‬to), be fond (‫ ب‬of s.o.); to depend, be dependent or
conditional (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬on); to refer, pertain, belong,
be related (‫ ب‬to), be connected, have to do (‫ ب‬with), concern (‫ ب‬s.th.) |

‫( ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﲝﺒﻪ‬bi-ḥubbihī) to be fond of s.o., be affectionately attached to s.o.; ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ب‬with regard to, as to, regarding, concerning
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻖ‬ilq, ‘alq pl. ‫ اﻋﻼق‬a‘lāq precious thing, object of value
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻖ‬alaq (con.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt medicinal leech; leech; (coagulated)
blood, blood clot
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻘﺔ‬alqa (eg.) beating; bastinado; a thrashing, spanking
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴﻖ‬alīq pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻼﺋﻖ‬alā’iq2 fodder, forage, provender
‫' ﻋﻠـﻖ‬ullaiq twining and creeping plants or shrubs (of various kinds); the
lesser bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis; bot.; common English blackberry,
bramble (Rubus fruticosus; bot.); blackberry; raspberry
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴﻘﺔ‬ullaiqa: ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬u. mūsā the Burning Bush
‫‘ ﻋﻼق‬allāq cost hanger
‫‘ ﻋﻼﻗـﺔ‬alāqa attachment, devotion, affection, bond; (pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻼﺋـﻖ‬alā’iq2)
relation, affiliation, association, contact, bond, connection (‫ ب‬with) |
‫ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬public relations; ‫ ذو ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ب‬connected with, related to; ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت‬

‫( ذات اﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ‬sulṭāt) the competent authorities; ‫ )ﻗﻄـﻊ اﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺎت )اﻟﻌﻼﺋـﻖ‬qaṭ‘ al-‘a.
severance of relations; ‫ )ﺗـﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻌﻼﻗــﺎت )اﻟﻌﻼﺋــﻖ‬tawattur al-‘a. tenseness of
relations, tension in the relations
‫‘ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ilāqa pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻼﺋﻖ‬alā’iq2 a strap, and the like, for suspending s.th.
1044
‫‘ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬allāqa coat hanger

‫ اﻋﻠﻖ‬a‘laq2: ‫( اﻋﻠﻖ ﻟﺬﻫﻦ‬dihn) that to which the mind is more inclined
‫ ﻣﻌﻼق‬mi‘lāq pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻴﻖ‬ma‘ālīq2 pluck (of an animal)
‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻴـﻖ‬ta‘līq hanging, suspending; temporary stay, remission or abrogation,
suspension; the oblique, “hanging” ductus (in Arabic calligraphy); (pl. -āt,
‫ﺗﻌـﺎﻟﻴﻖ‬ ta‘ālīq2) commentary, comment(s), explanatory remarks; suspended
lamp | ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴــﻖ اﻟﻄــﻼق‬ t. aṭ-ṭalāq conditional repudiation, conditional
pronunciation of the talak (Isl. Law); ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴــﻖ ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻷﻧﺒــﺎء‬ (anbā’) news
commentary (radio)
‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘـﺔ‬ta‘līqa pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﻌـﺎﻟﻴﻖ‬ta‘ālīq2 marginal note, annotation, note, gloss,
scholium
‫ ﺗﻌﻠـﻖ‬ta‘alluq attachment, devotion (‫ ب‬to), affection (‫ ب‬for); linkage,
connection, relationship (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬mu‘alliq commentator (radio, press)
‫ ﻣﻌﻠـﻖ‬mu‘allaq suspended, hanging; in suspense, in abeyance, pending,
Confidential
undecided; hinging (‫ ب‬on); depending,
dependent, conditional (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), conditioned (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬by) |

‫ﻣﻌﻠـﻖ‬ (jisr) suspension
‫ﺟﺴـﺮ‬
bridge; ‫ ﺣﺴـﺎب ﻣﻌﻠـﻖ‬suspense account; ‫ﻗـﺎﻃﺮات ﻣﻌﻠﻘـﺔ‬
suspension railways; ‫ ﻣﺴ ــﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻘ ــﺔ‬pending questions; ‫رﻏﺒﺘ ــﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻘ ــﺔ ب‬
(ragbatuhū) his desire is directed toward …
‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬mu‘allaqa pl. -āt placard, poster, bill; ‫ اﳌﻌﻠﻘـﺎت‬the oldest collection of
complete ancient Arabic kasidas
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ‬muta‘alliq attached, devoted (‫ ب‬to); connected (‫ ب‬with), related,
pertaining (‫ ب‬to), concerning (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) | ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠــﻖ ﲝﺒـﻪ‬ (bi-ḥubbihī)
affectionately attached to s.o.; ‫ﻣــﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺗــﻪ‬ depending on s.o. or s.th.,
pertaining to s.o.’s authority
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻘــﻢ‬alqam pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻼﻗــﻢ‬alāqim2 colocynth (bot.) | ‫ ذاق اﻟﻌﻠﻘــﻢ‬to taste
bitterness suffer annoyance, vexation, chicanery or torments (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻚ‬alaka u i (‘alk) to chew, champ (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. ‫ اﻟﻠﺠـﺎم‬the bit, of a
horse)
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻚ‬ilk mastic
1045
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ‬alima a (‘ilm) to know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), have knowledge, be

cognizant, be aware (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.), be informed (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬about or of s.th.),
be familiar, be acquainted (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to perceive, discern (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), find out (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬about s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), learn, come to know (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. or about s.th., ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from); to distinguish, differentiate (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from) II
to teach (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. s.th.), instruct, brief (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. in s.th.); to
train. school, educate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to designate, mark, earmark, provide with a
distinctive mark (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to put a mark (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know
(‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th. or about s.th.), tell (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫـ ه‬ s.o. about), notify, advise,
apprise, inform (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. of or about s.th.). acquaint (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ﻫ ـ ه‬
s.o. with) V to learn, study (A s.th.); to know (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to inquire (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or
‫ ﻫـ ه‬of s.o. about), ask, query (‫ ﻋﻦ ه‬or ‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. about), inform o.s. (‫ ﻫـ ه‬or ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ه‬through s.o. about). gather information (‫ ﻋﻦ ه‬or ‫ ﻫـ ه‬from s.o. about)
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﻠ ــﻢ‬ilm knowledge, learning, lore; cognizance, acquaintance;
information; cognition, intellection, perception, knowledge; (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻮم‬ulūm)
science; pl. ‫اﻟﻌﻠــﻮم‬ the (natural) sciences |

theoretically and practically; ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤـﺎ وﻋﻤــﻼ‬ ‘ilman wa-‘amalan
‫( ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﰲ‬li-yakun) be it known to him, may
he know, for his information; ‫ب‬ ‫( ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠـﻢ م‬tāmm) to know s.th. inside
out, be thoroughly familiar with s.th.; to have full cognizance of s.th.; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬
‫ اﳉﺮاﺛﻴﻢ‬bacteriology; ‫ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬sociology; ‫ ﻋﻠﻢ اﳊﺴﺎب‬arithmetic; ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﳊﻴﺎة‬i.
al-ḥayāh biology; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻷﺣﻴـﺎء‬do.; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳊﻴـﻮان‬i. al-ḥayawān zoology; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬
‫ اﻷﺧﻼق‬ethics; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟـﺬرات‬i. ad-darrāt nuclear physics; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﱰﺑﻴـﺔ‬i. at-tarbiya
pedagogy; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﺼـﺤﺔ‬i. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa hygiene; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻷﺻـﻮات‬phonetics; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳌﻌـﺎدن‬
‘i. al-ma‘ādīn mineralogy; ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬i. al-luga lexicography; ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺒﺎ ت‬i. an-
nabātāt botany; ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬i. an-nafs psychology; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ وﻇـﺎﺋﻒ اﻷﻋﻀـﺎء‬i. w. al-
a‘ḍā’ physiology; ‫ ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ ﻋﻠـﻢ‬ṭālib ‘ilm student; ‫ ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠـﻮم‬kullīyat al-‘u. the
Faculty of Science of the Egyptian University
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬ilmī scientific; erudite (book); learned (society)
1046
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ‬alam pl. ‫ اﻋـﻼم‬a‘lām sign, token, mark, badge, distinguishing mark,

characteristic; harelip; road sign, signpost, guidepost; flag, banner; a
distinguished, outstanding man; an eminent personality, au authority, a star,
a luminary; proper name (gram.) ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬ ‫ اﺷـﻬﺮ ﻣـﻦ ر ﻋﻠـﻰ‬very famous; ‫اﺳـﻢ اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬
ismun ‘alamun or ism ‘alamin pl. ‫ اﲰـﺎء اﻷﻋـﻼم‬proper name (gram.); ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬receipt
‫‘ ﻋـﺎﱂ‬ālam pl. -ūn, ‫‘ ﻋـﻮاﱂ‬awālim2 world; universe, cosmos; ‫ اﻟﻌﺎﳌـﺎن‬al-
‘ālamān the two worlds = Europe and America; ‫‘ ﻋﺎﳌﻮن‬ālamūn inhabitants of
the world, specif. human beings | ‫ﻋـﺎﱂ اﳊﻴـﻮان‬ ‘a. al-ḥayawān the animal
kingdom; ‫‘ ﻋـﺎﱂ اﳌﻌـﺎدن‬ā. al-ma‘ādin the mineral kingdom; ‫‘ ﻋـﺎﱂ اﻟﻨﺒـﺎت‬ā. an-
nabāt the vegetable kingdom; ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ ﻋﺎﱂ‬this world, this life
‫‘ ﻋـﺎﳌﻲ‬ālami worldly, secular, world (adj.); international; world-wide,
world-famous, enjoying world-wide renown
‫‘ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ālamīya internationality; ‘ālimīya see after ‘ālim
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻤـﺎﱐ‬almānī, ‫ ﻋﺎﳌـﺎﱐ‬laic, lay; (pl. -ūn) layman (in distinction from the
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clergy)
‫‘ ﻋﻠــﻢ‬alīm pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻤــﺎء‬ulamā’ knowing; cognizant, informed; learned,
erudite; ‫ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬the omniscient (one of the attributes of God)
‫‘ ﻋــﻼم‬allām knowing thoroughly (with foll. genit.: s.th.), completely
familiar (with)
‫‘ ﻋﻼم‬alāma see ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ‬prep.) under ‫ﻋﻠﻮ‬
‫‘ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬allāma most erudite, very learned
‫‘ ﻋﻼﻣـﺔ‬alāma pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻼﺋـﻢ‬alā’im2 mark, sign, token; badge, emblem;
distinguishing mark, characteristic indication,
syptom | ‫ﻫـﺬا‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻼﻣـﺔ‬alāma) in token of that, as a sign of that; ‫ﻋﻼﻣـﺔ ﲡﺎرﻳـﺔ‬
(tijārīta) trade-mark; ‫‘ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺮﺗﺒـﺔ‬a. rutba insignia of rank; O ‫‘ ﻋﻼﻣـﺔ اﻟﺘـﺄﺛﺮ‬a. at-
ta’attur and ‫‘ ﻋﻼﻣـﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺠـﺐ‬a. at-ta‘ajub exclamation point; ‫ﻋﻼﻣـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬

question mark; O ‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺼﻴﺺ‬quotation mark
‫‘ ﻋﻴﻠﻢ‬ailam tender; (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻴﺎﱂ‬ayālim2) well with abundant water; sea
‫ اﻋﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬a‘lūma pl. ‫ اﻋﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬a‘ālim2 road sign, signpost, guidepost
‫ ﺗﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ti‘lāma moot erudite, very learned
1047
‫ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ‬ma‘lam pl. ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎﱂ‬ma‘ālim2 place, abode, locality, spot; track, trace;

landmark, mark, distinguishing mark, characteristic; road sign, signpost,
guidepost; peculiarity, particularity; pl. sights, curiosities; characteristic
traits; outlines, contours (e.g., of the body), lineaments, features (of the face)
‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬ma‘lama pl. -āt encyclopedia
‫ ﺗﻌﻠــﻴﻢ‬ta‘līm pl. -āt, ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤــﺎ‬ ta‘līm2 information, advice, instruction,
direction; teaching, instruction; training, schooling, education;
‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤـﺎت‬instructions, directions, directives; information,
apprenticeship; pl.
announcements | ‫( ﺗﻌﻠـﻴﻢ ﳐـﺘﻠﻂ‬muktaliṭ) coeducation; ‫‘( ﺗﻌﻠـﻴﻢ ﻋـﺎل‬ālin) higher
education, academic studies, ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗـﺐ ﺗﻌﻠـﻴﻢ‬murāqib t. a military rank, approx.:
master sergeant (Eg. 1939); ‫ ﺻـﻮل ﺗﻌﻠـﻴﻢ‬ṣol t. do. (Eg.); O ‫ ﻓـﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴﻢ‬fann at-t.
pedagogy, pedagogics
‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬ta‘līmī instructional, educational
‫ اﻋﻼم‬i‘lām notification, advice; information; notice
‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬ta‘allum learning, studying, study; education
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﻼم‬isti‘lām inquiry (‫ ﻋﻦ‬about); (pl. -āt) Information | ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬
Confidential
maktab al-i. information office, information desk; news agency, press
agency, wire service
‫‘ ﻋـﺎﱂ‬ālim knowing; familiar, acquainted (‫ ب‬with), cognizant (‫ ب‬of);
expert, connoisseur, professional, (pl. ‫ﻋﻠﻤـﺎء‬ ‘ulamā’2) learned, erudite;
scholar, savant, scientist | ‫( ﻋﺎﱂ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ṭabī‘ī) physicist, natural scientist; ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬

‫( اﳌﺨﺘﺼﻮن‬muktaṣṣūn) the specialists, the experts
‫‘ ﻋﺎﳌﺔ‬ālima woman of learning, woman scholar; (eg.) singer, chanteuse
‫‘ ﻋﺎﳌﻴـﺔ‬ālimīya learnedness, scholarliness, erudition, rank or dignity of a
‘ālim; rank of scholarship, conferred by diploma, of the Great Mosque in
Tunis and of Al Azhar in Cairo
‫ اﻋﻠـﻢ‬a‘lam2 having more knowledge; more learned | ‫ ﷲ اﻋﻠـﻢ‬God knows
best
‫ ﻣﻌﻠـﻮم‬ma‘lūm known; fixed, determined, given; of course! certainly! sure!
no doubt! (as an affirmative reply); known quantity (math.); ‫ اﳌﻌﻠـﻮم‬the active
voice (gram.); -- (pl. ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬ma‘ālim) fixed sum, fixed rate (money); fixed
income; tax, duty; fee; sum, amount, cost(s) | ‫ ﻣﻌﻠـﻮم اﳊﻴـﻮا ت‬m. al-ḥayawānāt
impost on livestock (Tun.); -- pl. ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎت‬ ma‘lūmāt knowledge, lore,
1048
learning, perceptions, discoveries, findings; known facts; information, data;

news, tidings
‫ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ‬mu‘allim pl. -ūn teacher, instructor; master (of a trade, etc.) | ‫ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ‬
‫ اﻻﻋﱰاف‬father-confessor, confessor
‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬mu‘allima pl. -āt woman teacher, woman instructor
‫ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ‬mu‘allam taught, instructed, trained, schooled; ‫ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬designated,
marked | ‫ﻷﲪﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬marked with red pencil
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻢ‬muta‘allim apprentice; educated; an educated person
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻦ‬alana u, ‘aluna u (‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻦ‬alāniya) to be or become known, manifest,
evident III to indicate, make known, reveal, disclose (‫ ه ب‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to
manifest, reveal, make known (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make public, publicize, publish,
disclose, declare, announce, proclaim, promulgate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to state frankly
(‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.); to announce (‫ ان‬that); to issue a summons (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to
give notice (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of); to advertise (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th., e.g., the rent or sale of s.th. in a
Confidential
newspaper); to give evidence (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), indicate, show, betray, bespeak (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.th.) | ‫( اﻋﻠـﻦ اﳊـﺮب ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ḥarba) to declare war on s.o. VIII = I; :x: - I; to seek
to bring out or to disclose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to bring to light (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫‘ ﻋﻠﻨﺎ‬alanan openly, overtly, publicly, in public
‫‘ ﻋﻠﲏ‬alanī open, overt, public
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻦ‬alin open, overt, public; evident, patent
‫‘ ﻋﻼﻧﻴـﺔ‬alānīya openness, overtness, publicness, publicity (as opposed to
secrecy); ‘alāniyatan openly, overtly, publicly, patently, in public
‫ اﻋـﻼن‬i‘lān pl. -āt publication, promulgation; revelation, manifestation;
proclamation; declaration, statement, pronouncement; announcement,
notice; advertising, publicity (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬for); advertisement, ad; poster, bill,
placard | ‫ﺣﻀـﻮر‬ ‫ اﻋـﻼن‬i. ḥuḍūr summons; ‫ اﻋـﻼن اﳊـﺮب‬i. al-ḥarb declaration of
war; ‫اﻋـﻼن ﻋـﺪم اﻟﺜﻘـﺔ‬ i. ‘adam at-tiqa vote of “no confidence”; ‫اﻋـﻼ ت ﻣﺒﻮﺑـﺔ‬
(mubawwaba) classified ads; ‫ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫( اﻋﻼ ت‬ḍau’īya) electric signs, sky signs
‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻦ‬mu‘lin announcer, master of ceremonies (e.g., in a cabaret)
‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻦ‬mu‘lan: ‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻦ اﻟﻴﻪ‬summoned (before a court)
1049
‫ )ﻋﻠـﻮ‬and ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ( ﻋـﻼ‬alā u (‘ulūw) to be high, elevated, rise high, loom,

tower up; to rise, ascend; to ring out (voice); to heave (chest); to be higher
or taller (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬than s.o., than s.th.), (over)top (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.),
tower (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬over s.o., over s.th.), be located or situated higher (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or
‫ ﻫـ‬than s.th.); to be attached, fixed or fastened above or on top of s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to
rise (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬above s.th.); to exceed, excel, surpass (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o., s.th.); to
be too high (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for s.o., for s.th.); to overcome, overwhelm (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or
‫ ه‬s.o.), get the better of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to turn upward; to ascend, mount, climb,
scale (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to overspread, cover (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), come, descend (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬upon s.o.,
upon s.th.), befall, seize (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) | ‫ ﻋﻼ ﺑﻪ‬to raise s.th. or s.o.; to exalt,
extol s.o.; ‫اﻟﺴـﻦ‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬sinnu) be bad attained great age, he was an old man;
‫( ﻋـﻼ ﺻـﻮﺗﻪ ب‬ṣautuhū) hie voice rang out with ..., he exclaimed ... aloud; --
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬aliya a (‫‘ ﻋـﻼء‬alā’) to be high, elevated; to excel, stand out, surpass; --
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬alā i (‘aly) to climb (‫ اﻟﺴـﻄﺢ‬as-saṭḥa to the roof) | ‫( ﻋـﻼ اﻷداة اﻟﺼـﺪأ‬adāta,
Confidential
ṣada’u) rust has covered the tool; ‫‘ ﻋﻠﺖ وﺟﻬﻪ ﺻﻔﺮة اﻷﻣﻮات‬alat wajhahū ṣufrat
l-a. deathly pallor suffused his face;

overcome by fatigue; ‫رﻏـﻮة‬
‫ﻋﻠﺘـﻪ اﻟﺴـﺂﻣﺔ‬ ‘alathu s-sa’āma he was
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺷـﻔﺘﻴﻪ‬alat šafataihi ragwa foam appeared on
his lips II to raise, raise aloft, lift, hoist, lift up, elevate, uplift, exalt (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.) IV = II | ‫ﺷﺄﻧﻪ‬ ‫( اﻋﻠﻰ‬ša’nahū) to play up, stress, emphasize s.th., put
emphasis on s.th.; to further, promote, advance s.th.; to raise s.o.’s prestige
V to rise, become high VI to rise, lift, ascend, rise aloft; to resound, ring out;
to be high, exalted, sublime (esp. of God); to deem o.s. above s.o. or s.th.
(‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, look down (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.o. or s.th.); to stay away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); ‫ ﺗﻌـﺎل‬ta‘āla
come (here)! come on! Let’s go! forward! VIII to rise, lift, ascend, rise aloft;
to rise high, tower up; to mount, ascend, climb, scale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to step (up)
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to be enthroned, be perched (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to tower (‫ ﻫ ـ‬above
s.th.); to ascend the throne; to accede to a high office X to rise, to tower (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
above); to master (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to take possession (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.), appropriate
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﻞ‬alu: ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻞ‬min ‘alu from above
1050
‫‘ ﻋﻠــﻮ‬ulūw height, tallness, elevation, altitude; greatness, grandeur,

highness, exaltedness, sublimity | ‫ﻋﻠــﻮ اﻟﺼـﻮت‬ ‘u. aṣ-ṣaut sound volume,
sound intensity; ‫اﻟﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻮ‬u. al-ka‘b high, outstanding position
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻮي‬ulwī upper; heavenly, divine | ‫( ارادة ﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬irāda) supreme will, divine
decree
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻮي‬alawī upper; heavenly, celestial; Alawi (adj. and n.); pl. ‫ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳـﻮن‬the
Alawis (official name of the Nusairis inhabiting the coastal district of
Latakia in NW Syria)
‫‘ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ulan height, tallness, elevation, altitude; highness, exaltedness,
augustness, sublimity; high rank
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬alā (prep.) on, upon, on top of, above, over (place, rank); at, on, by;
in, in the state of, in the manner of, in possession of; to, toward, for; in
addition to; to the debit of, to the disadvantage of; against, in spite of,
despite; on the basis of, on the strength of, by virtue of, due to. upon; by,
through; according to. in accordance with, pursuant to; to (one’s taste, one’s
mind, one’s liking, etc.); during; (as to syntactical regimen see under
respective verb) | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from above from upon ..., from the top of …; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Confidential
‫( ان‬an, anna) on the condition that …, provided that ...; although, though,
albeit; ‫ان‬‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬anna) (introducing a main clause) however, but, on the other
hand, nevertheless, yet, still, ... though; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻧـﻪ‬in the subjective notion or
view that …, i.e.) as, e.g.: ‫ ﺟﲎ ﲦﺮات اﻷرض ﻋﻠﻰ ا ـﺎ ﻧﻌﻤـﺔ اﻵﳍـﺔ‬janā tamarāti l-
arḍi ‘alā annahā ni‘matu l-āliha he reaped the fruits of the earth (accepting
them) as a boon bestowed by the grace of the gods; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻇﻬـﺮ اﳋﻴـﻞ‬ẓahr l-
kail) on horseback; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬـﺮ اﻟﺒـﺎﺧﺮة‬aboard the steamer; ‫( اﻟﺴـﻼم ﻋﻠـﻴﻜﻢ‬salāmu)
may peace be upon you | ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﺮأس واﻟﻌـﲔ‬alā r-ra’s wa-l-‘ain very gladly!
with pleasure! ‫اﻷﺷـﻬﺎد‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ رؤوس‬publicly, for everyone to see; ‫ﺟﻠـﺲ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻨـﺎر‬
he was sitting by the fire; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﳝﻴﻨـﻪ‬yamīnihī) to (at) his right; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛـﻞ ﺣـﺎل‬
(kulli) or ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛـﻞ‬kullin) in any case, at any rate; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳋﺼـﻮص‬especially,
particularly, specifically; ‫( ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻹﻃــﻼق‬iṭlāq) absolutely, unrestrictedly,
without exception, in any respect, under any circumstances; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳـﺐ‬
approximately, almost, nearly, about, circa; ‫اﻟﺘـﻮاﱄ‬‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬tawālī) continuously,
incessantly, in uninterrupted succession; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺿـﻮء‬ḍau’i) or ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧـﻮر‬nūri) in
1051
the light of ...; ‫ﺣـﻖ‬

‫( ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ḥaqqin) or ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳊـﻖ‬to be on the right way,
have hit on the right thing, be right; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﻃـﻞ‬or ‫( ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺧﻄـﺄ‬kaṭa’in)
to be on the wrong way, be wrong, be mistaken; ‫( ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳـﺮام‬aḥsani,
yurām) he is as well as you can possibly wish (for him); ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫـﻮ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﻲء‬...
he has certain ...; ‫( ﻫــﻮ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﻲء ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﺬﻛﺎء‬dakā’) he has a good deal of
intelligence; ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻫـﺬا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﻲء‬there is nothing in it, it’s worthless; ‫ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ﻫـﺬا ﻛﻠـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺷـﻲء‬all this is unfamiliar to him; he doesn’t understand a thing
about it; ‫اﳌﺴـﻴﺢ‬ ‫( ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ دﻳـﻦ‬dīni l-m.) to belong to the Christian religion, be
a Christian; ‫‘( ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻢ ب‬ilmin) to be informed about. be acquainted
with ...; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻧﺘﻈـﺎرﻩ‬to wait for s.o. or s.th.; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﲑ ﺷـﻲء‬for no reason;
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﺼـﲑة ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬in cognizance of the matter, knowing the matter; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫( ﻣﻌﻼﻓـﺔ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬ma‘rifatin) without his knowing about it, without his knowledge,
unwittingly; ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ ب )ﻫ ـ‬or) take ...! help yourself to ...! make use of ...!
Confidential
‫( ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻟﺼﱪ‬bi-ṣ-ṣabr) you must have patience! ‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬he is the one we must
have! ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻠـﻲ‬alayya) bring, give him (or it) to me! I must have him (or it)!
‫ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ان‬it is incumbent on him to …; it’s his duty to ...; he must …, he will
have to ...; ‫ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ‬don’t worry! ‫ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬never mind! It’s nothing! no harm
done! (indicating forgiveness, indulgence); ‫ ﻣﺎﻋﻠﻴﻨـﺎ‬what of it! what does it

matter! let’s forget it! ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬don’t worry about ..., don’t mind …’ don’t
give … a thought; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ان‬he doesn’t care if ; it’s of little importance to
him that …; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻲ ﺣﺴـﺎب‬ḥisābihī) at his expense; ‫( ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ دﻳـﻦ‬dain) he is in
debt(s); ‫ﻗـﻮي‬ ‫( ﻫـﻮ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﻨﻪ‬sinnihī qawīy) he bears his years well; ‫‘ ﻋـﻼم‬alāma
wherefore? what for? why? ‫ اﺳـﺘﻴﻘﻆ ﻋﻠـﻲ اﻻذان‬istaiqaẓa ‘alā l-adān he awoke
over the call to prayer, he was awakened by the azan; ‫( ﻗﻴـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ ﻣـﺎ‬qīla,
lisānihī) he was supposed to have said things which …, statements were
ascribed to him which ...; ‫ﻳـﺪﻩ‬ ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬yadihī) through him, by him, at his hand;
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ذﻟـﻚ‬in this manner, thus; accordingly, hence; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘـﺎل‬yuqālu) as
they say, as it is said; ‫‘ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺣﺴــﺐ‬alā ḥasabi (prep.) according to, in
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accordance with, commensurate with, depending on; ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻠﻲ ﻃﻮع‬alā) with
her obeying, without opposition on her part; ‫ﻋﺎدﺗﻪ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬according to his habit,
as was his wont, as he used to do; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻲ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘـﺎل‬yuqālu) suddenly, all of a
sudden, unawares, unexpectedly; ‫ﻋﻬﺪ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻠﻰ‬ahdi) at the time of
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬alīy high, tall, elevated: exalted, sublime, lofty, august, excellent:
‫ اﻟﻌﻠـﻲ‬the Most High, the Supreme (one of the attributes of God) | ‫اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺔ‬
(daula) name of the old Ottoman Empire
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴـﺔ‬ilya (pl. of ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬alīy): ‫ ﻋﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﻘـﻮم‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬upper class, people of
distinction, prominent people
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ullīya, ‘illīya pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻼﱄ‬alālīy upper room, upstairs room
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴﻮن‬illīyūn the uppermoot heaven; loftiest heights
‫‘ ﻋﻼء‬alā’ high rank, high standing, nobility
‫‘ ﻋﻼة‬alāh pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻼ‬alan anvil
‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴـﺎء‬alyā’2 loftiness, exaltedness, sublimity, augustness; lofty height;
heaven(s) | ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎء‬ ‫ اﻫﻞ‬ahl al-‘a. people of highest social standing
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋـﻼوة‬ilāwa addition; increase, raise, extra allowance, subsidy | ‫ﻋـﻼوة ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
(‘ilāwata) in addition to
‫‘ ﻋﻼﻳﺔ‬alāya height, loftiness
‫ اﻋﻠـﻰ‬a‘lā, f. ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴـﺎ‬ulyā, pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ulan, ‫ اﻋـﺎل‬a‘ālin higher, highest; upper,
uppermost; ‫ اﻋﺎل‬a‘ālin the highest portion of s.th.; heights, peaks (fig.) | ‫اﻋﻼﻩ‬
a‘lāhu further up, above; ‫اﻋﻼﻩ‬
‫ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر‬above-mentioned; ‫ﻣﺆﲤﺮ )ﻣﻨﻌﻘﺪ( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫( ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬mu’tamar mun‘aqid, mustawan) top-level conference; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮت‬bi-
a‘lā ṣautin very loud, at the top of one’s voice; ‫ ﺳـﻔﻴﻨﺔ اﻋـﺎﱄ اﻟﺒﺤـﺎر‬seagoing
vessel; ‫اﻟﻨﻴﻞ‬
‫ اﻋﺎﱄ‬a. n-nīl the upper course of the Nile
‫ ﻣﻌـﺎل‬ma‘ālin (pl.): ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎﱃ اﻷﻣـﻮر‬noble things; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﳌﻌـﺎﱄ‬or ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻴـﻪ‬ma‘ālīhi
His Excellency, ‫ﻣﻌـﺎﱄ اﻟـﻮزﻳﺮ‬ His Excellency the Minister (title of cabinet
ministers)
‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ta‘liya elevation, enhancement, uplift, exaltation; raising (e.g., of the
voice)
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‫ اﻋﻼء‬i‘lā’ elevation, enhancement, uplift, exaltation; raising, lifting | ‫اﻋﻼء‬

‫ ﺷـﺄن اﻟﺸـﻲء‬i. ša’ni š. boosting, furtherance, promotion, or advancement of
s.th.
‫ اﻋـﺘﻼء‬i‘tilā’ ascension (e.g., to the throne); accession to office (e.g., of a
cabinet minister)
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﻼء‬isti‘lā’ superiority
‫‘ ﻋـﺎل‬ālin high, tall, elevated; loud, strong (voice); higher (as opposed to
elementary); lofty, exalted, sublime, high-ranking, of high standing;
excellent, first-class, first-rate, outstanding, of top quality (commodity) |
‫ اﻟﺒـﺎب اﻟﻌـﺎﱄ‬the Sublime Porte; ‫( ﺿـﻐﻂ ﻋـﺎل‬ḍagṭ) high voltage, high tension
(el.); ‫( ﺗـﻮاﺗﺮ ﻋـﺎل‬tawātur) high frequency (el.); ‫‘ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﻪ‬āliyahū above, above-
mentioned (in letters; esp. in official and business style); ‫( ﻣـﺬﻛﻮر ﺑﻌﺎﻟﻴـﻪ‬bi-
‘ālīhi) above-mentioned; (eg.) ‫ﻋـﺎل اﻟﻌـﺎل‬ ‘āl al-āl excellent, first-rate, top-
quality, A-l (merchandise)
‫ ﻣﺘﻌـﺎل‬muta‘ālin high, elevated, lofty, exalted; resounding, ringing; ‫اﳌﺘﻌـﺎﱄ‬
the Most High, the Supreme Being (one of the attributes of God)
Confidential
‫ﻋﻠﻮان = ﻋﻨﻮن‬
‫ﻋﻠﻮان = ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫ ﻋﻼﻳﺔ‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻴﺎء‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻮن‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬see ‫ﻋﻠﻮ‬
1‫ ﻋـﻢ‬abbreviation of the formula ‫( ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﺴـﻼم‬salāmu) may peace be upon
him!
2‫‘ ﻋﻢ‬amma = (‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ (<‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎ‬
3‫‘ ﻋﻢ‬amma u (‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻮم‬umūm) to be or become general, universal, common,
prevalent, comprehensive, all-embracing, to spread, prevail; -- ‘amma u to
comprise, include, embrace, encompass, pervade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), extend, stretch,
be spread, be diffused, be prevailing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬all over s.th.) ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻋﻤـﺖ اﻟﺒﻠـﻮى‬balwā)
it has become a general necessity II to generalize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to spread
universally, universalize, popularize, democratize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
universally accessible, open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to the public at large; to introduce (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) universally; to attire (‫ ه‬s.o.) with a turban V to put on or wear a turban
VIII = V
1054
‫‘ ﻋـﻢ‬amm pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻮم‬umūm, ‫ اﻋﻤـﺎم‬a‘mām father’s brother, paternal uncle |

‫اﺑـﻦ اﻟﻌـﻢ‬ ibn al-‘amm cousin on the father’s side; ‫ﺑﻨـﺖ اﻟﻌـﻢ‬ bint al-‘amm
female cousin on the father’s side
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺔ‬amma pl. -āt paternal aunt
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺔ‬imma turban
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻴﻢ‬amīm general, universal, common, prevalent; all-comprehensive
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻮم‬umūm generality, universality, prevalence; whole, total, totality,
aggregate; ‫ اﻟﻌﻤـﻮم‬the (general) public, the public at large; ‫‘ ﻋﻤﻮﻣـﺎ‬umūman in
general, generally | ‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﺎ‬-- ‫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣـﺎ‬in general in particular; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ اﻟﻌﻤـﻮم‬in
general, generally; ‫ ﺑﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﻮم‬bi-wajhi l-‘u. generally speaking, in general; ‫ﰲ‬
‫‘( ﻋﻤـﻮم اﻟﻘﻄـﺮ‬u. il-quṭr) throughout the country; ‫ ﳎﻠـﺲ اﻟﻌﻤـﻮم‬majlis al-‘u. the
House of Commons, the Lower House; ‘umūm frequently replaces ‫ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﻲ‬
‘umūmī in compound terms of administrative language, e.g.: ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻋﻤـﻮم‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻤـﺎل‬j. ‘u. al-‘ummāl general federation of labor; ‫ ادارة ﻋﻤـﻮم اﳉﻤـﺎرك‬General
Confidential
Administration of Customs and Tariffs (Eg.); ‫( دﻳـﻮان ﻋﻤـﻮم اﳌﺼـﻠﺤﺔ‬dīwān ‘u.
al-maṣlaḥa) administration headquarters, chief administration office; ‫دﻳـﻮان‬
‫ ﻋﻤـﻮم اﳌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬d. ‘u. al-mālīya General Administration of Finances (Eg.); ‫ﺗﻔﺘـﻴﺶ‬
‫ ﻋﻤـﻮم اﻟـﺮي‬t. ‘u. ar-riyy General Inspectorate of Irrigation (Eg.); ‫ﻣﻔـﺘﺶ ﻋﻤـﻮم‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻴـﻞ اﳉﻨـﻮﰊ‬mufattiš ‘u. an-nīl al-janūbī Inspector General for the Southern
Nile (Eg.)
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﻲ‬umūmī public; universal; general; common; state, civil, public |
‫ﲨﻌﻴـﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬ (jam‘īya) plenary session; general assembly; ‫دار اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬
(dār al-kutub) public library; ‫اﺷـﻐﺎل ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬ public works; ‫اﻟﺼـﻨﺪوق اﻟﻌﻤـﻮﻣﻲ‬
(ṣundūq) public treasure
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺔ‬umūma uncleship, unclehood; pl. of ‫‘ ﻋﻢ‬amm
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎﻣﺔ‬imāma pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎﺋﻢ‬amā’im2 turban
‫ ﺗﻌﻤــﻴﻢ‬ta‘mīm generalization, universalization, general propagation or
diffusion, popularization, democratization; vulgarization
‫‘ ﻋﺎم‬āmm public; universal, prevalent; general; common | ‫( اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﻌـﺎم‬amn)
public security; ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫( ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬mudīr) director general, general manager; ‫اﻟﺮأي اﻟﻌـﺎم‬
1055
(ra’y) public opinion;‫ اﻟﺼـﺎﱀ اﻟﻌـﺎم‬or ‫( اﳌﺼـﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬maṣlaḥa) public welfare,

the commonweal; ‫( اﳋـﺎص واﻟﻌـﺎم‬kāṣṣ) high and low, all men, all, everybody
(also ‫)اﻟﻌﺎم واﳋﺎص‬
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻣــﺔ‬āmma generality; commonalty; the masses, the people; ‫ﻋﺎﻣــﺔ‬
‘āmmatan in general; genera.lly; oommonly, altogether, in ths aggregate,
‫ ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ‬-- ‫( ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬kāṣṣatan) in particular -- in general; ‫ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬
collectively |
the common people, the masses, the populace; ‫( اﳋﺎﺻﺔ واﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬kāṣṣa) high and
low, all men, all, everybody
‫ اﻟﻌـﻮام‬al-‘awāmm (pl. of ‫‘ ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ‬āmma) the common people, the populace;
the laity (Chr.)
‫‘ ﻋــﺎﻣﻲ‬āmmī common, vulgar, plebeian, ordinary, popular: ordinary
person, man in the street; ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴـﺔ‬ al-‘āmmīya popular language, colloquial
language
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻢ‬mu‘ammam wearing a turban, turbaned
4‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎ‬ammā = ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺪ‬amada i (‘amd) to support, prop, shore, buttress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to intend,
purpose (‫ ل‬or‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to betake o.s., repair, go (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬or A to); to
approach, undertake (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), go, set (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬about s.th.), proceed,
apply o.s., turn, attend (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to), embark (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬upon); to take up (‫اﱃ‬
s.th.); to be intent (‫ اﱃ‬on s.th.): -- ‘amada i to baptize, christen (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to
baptize, christen (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to support, prop, shore, buttress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
baptize, christen (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to intend, purpose, do intentionally, do on

purpose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to approach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) with a definite aim in mind; to single
out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.), aim (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ at); to be baptized, be christened | ‫ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻌﻤـﺪﻫﺎ ﻫﺎﻧـﺔ‬
(ihāna) he was not out to insult her, he had no intention of offending her
VIII = V; to lean (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against), support one’s weight (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to rely,
depend (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ه‬on s.o., on s.th.); to use as a basis (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to employ,
use, apply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a new method); to confirm (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sanction,
authorize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to loan, give on credit (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. a sum)
1056
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺪ‬amd intention, intent, design, purpose; premeditation, willfulness

(jur.); ‫ﻋﻤــﺪا‬ ‘amdan intentionally, deliberately, on purpose; willfully,
premeditatedly (jur.) | ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺪ‬ ‫ ﺷﺒﻪ‬šibh al-‘a. quasi-deliberate intent (Isl. Law)
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺪي‬amdī intentional, deliberate; premeditated, willful (jur.)
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺪة‬umda support, prop, shore; main subject, main issue, basic issue
(e.g., of a controversy); (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺪ‬umad) chief of a village, chief magistrate
of a small community (eg.); mayor
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺎد‬imād pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺪ‬amad support, prop, stay (also fig.); bracket, buttress,
post, pole, pillar; -- ‘imād baptism
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻴـﺪ‬amīd pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺪاء‬umadā’2 support; head, chief; dean (of a faculty);
principal, headmaster, director (of a secondary school); doyen, dean (as, of a
diplomatic
corps); high commissioner (also ‫)اﻟﻌﻤﻴـﺪ اﻟﺴـﺎﻣﻲ‬, resident general; military
ranks, approx. major (Eg. 1939), approx. lieutenant commander (Eg. 1939),
approx. commanding) general (Ir.), lieutenant colonel (U.A.R.) | ‫ﻋﻤﻴـﺪ ن‬
(tānin) a military rank intermediate between those of major and captain,
Confidential
Brit.: adjutant-major (Eg. 1939); a naval rank intermediate between those of
lieutenant commander and lieutenant (Eg. 1939)
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻴﺪة‬amīda principal, headmistress, directress (of a secondary school for
girls)
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻮد‬amūd pl. ‫ اﻋﻤـﺪة‬a‘mida, ‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺪ‬umud flagpole, shaft (of a standard);
pale, post, prop, shore, pier, buttress; lamppost; (telephone, telegraph) pole;
column, pillar, pilaster; stem (of a glass); -- (pl. ‫)اﻋﻤــﺪة‬ column (of a
newspaper); O element, cell (el.) | ‫اﻟﺸﻮﻛﻲ‬ ‫( اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬šaukī) the vertebral column,
the spine; ‫اﻟﻔﻘﺮي‬‫( اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬faqrī) do.; O ‫( ﻋﻤﻮد ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋﻲ‬kahrabā’ī) electrode
‫‘ ﻋـﺎﻣﻮد‬āmūd pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﻣﻴـﺪ‬awāmīd2 = ‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻮد‬amūd | O ‫ ﻋـﺎﻣﻮد اﻟﻘﻴـﺎدة‬steering
column, steering mechanism (of an automobile)
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻮدي‬amūdī columnar, pillar-shaped; vertical, perpendicular, upright |
‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺮة ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﺔ‬helicopter
‫ ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ اﳌﻌﻤﺪان‬yūḥannā l-ma‘madān John the Baptist
‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺪ‬ta‘mād baptism
1057
‫ ﺗﻌﻤــﺪ‬ta‘ammud intention, intent, design; resolution, determination,

purpose; ‫ ﺗﻌﻤﺪا‬ta‘ammudan and ‫ ﺑﺘﻌﻤﺪ‬intentionally, deliberately, willfully, on
purpose, premeditatedly
‫ ﺗﻌﻤﺪي‬ta‘ammudī intentional, deliberate, premeditated, willful
‫ اﻋﺘﻤـﺎد‬i‘timād reliance, dependence (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), confidence, trust (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬in);
confirmation; sanction, approbation, authorization; accreditation (of
diplomats); (pl. -āt) credit, loan | ‫( اﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎد ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬nafs) self-confidence,
self-reliance; ‫ ﻛﺘــﺐ اﻻﻋﺘﻤــﺎد‬kutub al-i‘t. or ‫ اوراق اﻻﻋﺘﻤــﺎد‬aurāq al-i‘t.
credentials (of diplomats); ‫اﺿﺎﰲ‬ ‫( اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬iḍāfī) supplementary loan
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮدﻳﺔ‬ma‘mūdīya baptism; baptismal font
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﺪ‬mu‘ammad baptizee, one receiving baptism
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪ‬muta‘ammid deliberate, premeditated, willful; intentional
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻤــﺪ‬mu‘tamad reliable, dependable; object of reliance, support;
sanctioned, approved, authorized; accredited; commissioner, authorized
agent, proxy, envoy, representative; commissary, commissar | ‫اﳌﻌﺘﻤـﺪ اﻟﺴـﺎﻣﻲ‬
Confidential
(sāmī) the High Commissioner; ‫ﻗﻨﺼﻠﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪﻳﺔ‬mu‘tamadīya legation (dipl.)
‫( ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬qunṣulī) consular agent (dipl.)
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬amara u i (‘amr, ‘umr) to live long, be longevous; -- u i, ‘amura u

(‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺎرة‬amāra) to thrive, prosper, flourish, flower, bloom; to be or become
inhabited, peopled, populated, civilized, cultivated; to be full, filled, filled
up; -- ‘mara u to fill with life, cause to thrive, make prosperous; to inhabit (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.), live, dwell (‫ ﻫـ‬in s.th.); to fill, pervade (‫ ﺟﻮاﳓﻪ‬s.o.’s heart), reign (‫ﺟﻮاﳓﻪ‬
in s.o.’s heart); to build, erect, construct, raise, rebuild, reconstruct, restore
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) live, preserve (‫ ه‬s.o.) alive; to prolong s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
life, grant long life (‫ ه‬to s.o.; of God); to populate, people (‫ ه‬s.th.); to build,
erect, construct, raise, rebuild, reconstruct, restore, repair, overhaul,
refurbish, recondition (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a building); to provide, furnish, supply, fill (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ب‬
s.th. with, e.g., the lamp with oil, the censer with charcoal, the goblet with
wine); to load (‫ ﻫـ‬a gun); to fill (‫ ﻫـ‬a pipe); to fill in (‫ ﻫـ‬a form, a blank; tun.) |
‫( ﻋﻤﺮ وﻗﺘـﻪ‬waqtahū) to take up, or claim, s.o.’s time IV to populate, people (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to perform the ‘umra (q.v.) VIII to visit (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to perform
1058
the ‘umra (q.v.) X to settle (‫ ﰲ‬s.o. in); to settle, colonize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn (‫ﻫ ـ‬
a country) into a colony
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬umr (‘amr in oaths) pl. ‫ اﻋﻤـﺎر‬a‘mār life, duration of life, life span,
lifetime; age (of a person) | ‫ ﻟﻌﻤـﺮي‬la-‘amrī upon my life! ‫ ﻟﻌﻤـﺮ ﷲ‬la-‘amru
llāhi by the everlasting existence of God! by the Eternal God! ‫ ذات اﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬dāt
al-‘umrain amphibian (n.); ‫ﻋﻤـﺮﻩ ﻋﺸـﺮﻳﻦ ﺳـﻨﺔ‬ (‘išrīna sanatan) he is twenty
years old
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺮة‬amra headgear (e.g., turban); (eg.) repair, repair work
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺮة‬amra pilgrimage to Mecca (the so-called “minor hadj” which, unlike
the hadj proper, need not be performed at a particular time of the year and
whose performance involves fewer ceremonies)
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺮى‬umrā donation for life (Isl. Law)
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎرة‬amāra (naval) fleet
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎارة‬imāra pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺎﺋﺮ‬amā’ir2 building, edifice, structure; real estate,
tract lot; ‫اﻟﻌﻤــﺎرة‬ or ‫ﻓــﻦ اﻟﻌﻤــﺎرة‬ fann al-‘i. or ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳــﺔ اﻟﻌﻤــﺎرة‬ handasat al-‘i.
Confidential
architecture, art of building
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺮان‬umrān inhabitedness, activity, bustling life, thriving, flourishing,
prosperity (as opposed to ‫ﺧـﺮاب‬ karāb); populousness and prosperity (of a
country); culture, civilization; building, edifice, structure
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺮاﱐ‬umrānī cultural, civilizational; serving, or pertaining to, cultural
development
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬ammārīya camel-borne sedan and the virgin riding in it into battle
‫ اﻋﻤــﺮ‬a'mGrl more inhabited, more populated, more populous; more
cultivated, more civilized; more flourishing, more thriving
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﺎر‬mi‘mār builder, architect; mason
‫ ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬mi‘mārī architectonic, architectural; - (pl. .IIP) builder, architect;
mason | ‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫( ﻣﻬﻨﺪس‬muhandis) builder, architect; ‫( اﻟﻔﻦ اﳌﻌﻤﺎري‬fann) art of
building, architecture
‫ ﺗﻌﻤ ــﲑ‬ta‘mīr building, construction, election; restoration, repair,
overhauling, refurbishing, reconditioning; filling, filling-up
‫ ﺗﻌﻤﲑة‬ta‘mīra filling, fiIling-up
‫ اﺳــﺘﻌﻤﺎر‬isti‘mār colonizing, colonization, foundation of colonies;
imperialistic exploitation; imperialism, colonialism
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎري‬isti‘mārī colonial; colonizer; imperialistic
1059
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬isti‘mārīya imperialism, colonialism

‫‘ ﻋـﺎﻣﺮ‬āmir inhabited; peopled, populated, populous; full, filled, filled up;
jammed, crowded, filled to capacity (‫ ب‬with); amply provided, splendidly
furnished; civilized; cultivated (land); flourishing, thriving, prosperous;
‫ اﻟﻌـﺎﻣﺮ‬is a frequent epithet of castles, palaces, etc., of ruling houses | ‫ﻋـﺎﻣﺮ‬
‫( ﻷﻣﻞ‬amal) full of hope; ‫‘ ﻋـﺎﻣﺮ اﳉﻴـﺐ‬a. al-jaib with a full pocket; ‫ﻋـﺎﻣﺮ اﻟﺬﻣـﺔ‬
‫‘( ل‬ā. ad-dimma) obliged to s.o., committed to s.o.; ‫‘( ﻋـﺎﻣﺮ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬ā. an-nafs)
obsessed by, possessed by; ‫ام ﻋـﺎﻣﺮ‬ umm ‘āmir hyena (zool.); ‫ـﻮض ﻋـﺎﻣﺮ‬
voluptuous bosoms
‫ ﻣﻌﻤــﻮر‬ma‘mūr inhabited, populated, populous; ‫ اﳌﻌﻤــﻮر‬or ‫ اﳌﻌﻤــﻮرة‬the
(inhabited) world | ‫ )ﰲ ﻛـﻞ اﳓـﺎء اﳌﻌﻤـﻮر )اﳌﻌﻤـﻮرة‬all over the world, throughout
the world
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ‬mu’ammir pl. -ūn colonist
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ‬mu‘ammar pl. -ūn senior (in sports)
‫ ﻣﺴــﺘﻌﻤﺮ‬musta‘mir colonial, imperialistic; settler, colonist; foreign
Confidential
conqueror, invader; imperialist
‫ ﻣﺴــﺘﻌﻤﺮة‬musta‘mara pl. -āt colony, settlement | O ‫ﻣﺴــﺘﻌﻤﺮة ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬
(mustaqilla) dominion
‫ اﻋﻤﺶ‬a‘maš2 affected with an eye disease, blear-eyed
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎص‬umāš (eg.) mucous discharge of the eye, rheum
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻖ‬amuqa u (‘umq, ‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎﻗـﺔ‬amāqa) to be or become deep, profound II to
deepen, make deep or deeper (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV = II V to penetrate deeply, go
deeply (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬into s.th.), become absorbed (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻖ‬amq, ‘umq pl. ‫ اﻋﻤـﺎق‬a‘māq depth, profoundness, profundity; bottom
| ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫( ﻣﻦ اﻋﻤﺎق‬a. qalbihī) from the bottom of his heart, from the depth of his
soul; ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫( ﻣﻦ اﻋﻤﺎق‬a. in-nafs) do.
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬amīq deep (also of feelings), profound
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻞ‬amila a (‘amal) to do, act, operate, be active, work (also: ‫ ﰲ‬in a
field); to make, produce, manufacture, fabricate, perform, carry out, execute
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to act (‫ ب‬according to, in accordance with, on the strength of, on
the basis of); to operate, put into operation, set going (‫ ب‬s.th.); to plan,
1060
contrive, seek to accomplish, practice, pursue (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.), aim, work away (‫ل‬
or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ at), be out, strive (‫ ل‬or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ for), apply o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), take pains,
endeavor, exert o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.), be active (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in the service of s.th.); to
process, work, treat (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to act (‫ ﰲ‬upon s.th.), affect (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); (gram.)
to govern (‫ ﰲ‬a syntactical member) | ‫( ﻳﻌﻤــﻞ ﺑــﻪ‬yu‘malu) it is valid, is
effective, is in force (e.g., an ordinance); ‫ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒـﺎت‬to make arrangements
or preparations; ‫( ﻋﻤـﻞ اﻋﻤﺎﻟـﻪ‬a‘mālahū) to behave, or act, like s.o.; ‫ﻻ ﺑـﻪ ﻳﻌﻤـﻞ‬
‫( وﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﻌـﻮل‬yu‘malu, yu‘awawalu) null and void II to appoint as vicegerent
or governor (‫ ه ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. over, of); to fester, suppurate, be purulent (wound)
III to apply (‫ ه ب‬toward s.o. s.th.); to treat (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in a manner), proceed,
deal (‫ ب‬with s.o. in a manner); to trade, do business (‫ ه‬with s.o.) | ‫ﳌﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬
bi-l-mitl) to repay s.o. like for like, treat s.o. in like manner IV to make (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) work, put to work, operate, put into operation, bring to bear, employ,
woe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); ‫ ب‬or ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ اﻋﻤـﻞ ﻫ ـ‬to putter, or tinker, with s.th. about s.th. else,
Confidential
work with s.th. on
reflect, ponder, muse;

s.th. else | ‫( اﻋﻤـﻞ اﻟﻔﻜـﺮ‬fikra) to busy the mind, think,
‫اﻋﻤـﻞ اﻟﺴـﻴﻒ ﰲ رﻗـﺎ ﻢ‬ (saifa) he caused a massacre

among them, had them massacred V to go to a lot of trouble, take great
pains, spend much effort VI to trade, do business (with one another); to
trade, do business (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with) VIII to work, be active, operate X to apply (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), use, employ (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to put into operation, operate, run (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to place s.o. (‫ )ه‬at the head of s.th. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, install, instate (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.
over) | ‫اﻟﻘﺴـﻮة‬ ‫( اﺳـﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻌـﻪ وﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬wasā’il l-qaswa) he brought severe measures
to bear upon him
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻞ‬amal doing, acting, action, activity; work, labor; course of action,
way of acting, practice; achievement, accomplishment; activity (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for),
work (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬in the service of s.th.); making, production, manufacture,
fabrication; performance, execution; make, workmanship; practical work,
practice; -- (pl. ‫ اﻋﻤـﺎل‬a‘māl) act, action; operation (mil.); work, job, chore,
labor; deed, feat, achievement, exploit; occupation, business; trade, craft,
handicraft; vicegerency, province, district; administrative district (e.g., Eg.,
Tun.); ‫ب‬ ‫ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬validity, effectiveness of s.th. (e.g., of an ordinance, and the
1061
like) | ‫( اﺟـﺮاء اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ب‬ijrā’ al-‘a.) enforcement, implementation of s.th.; ‫ﻣـﺎ‬

‫ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬what’s to be done now! what’s there to be done? what can you do?
‫‘( ﻋﻤﻼ ب‬amalan) in execution of, in pursuance of, according to, pursuant to,
is stipulated by; ‫( اﻋﻤـﺎل ﺣﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬ḥarbīya) belligerent, or warlike, acts, military
operations; ‫(اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ‬arba‘a) the first four rules of arithmetic; ‫اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻴـﺔ‬
(manzilīya) household chores, household work; ‫( اﻋﻤــﺎل ﻳﺪوﻳــﺔ‬yadawīya)
handiwork(s), manual work; ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬employer
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻠـﻲ‬amalī work-, working- (in compounds); serving practical purposes,
practical; applied; ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴــﺎ‬ ‘amalīyan practically, in practice | ‫اﳊﻴــﺎة اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴــﺔ‬
practical life, workaday life, professional life; ‫اﳌــﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻠــﻲ‬ (madhab)
pragmatism; ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬practical policy, “Realpolitik”
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬amalīya pl. -āt work, job; action, activity; making, manufacture,
fabrication, production; procedure, method, technique; operation (as an
action done as part of practical work; med.; mil.); process | ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﻗﻴﺼـﺮﻳﺔ‬
Confidential
(qaiṣarīya) Caesarean section
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻠﺔ‬amla evil deed | ‫ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬in the very act, red-handedly, flagrante delicto
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻠـﺔ‬umla wages, pay; currency; current money, currency in circulation;
money | ‫ ﻋﻤﻠـﺔ زاﺋﻔـﺔ‬counterfeit money; ‫( ﻋﻤﻠـﺔ ﺳـﻬﻠﺔ‬sahla) soft currency; ‫ﻋﻤﻠـﺔ‬
‫( ﺻـﻌﺒﺔ‬ṣa‘ba) hard currency; ‫ ﻣﺰﻳـﻒ اﻟﻌﻤﻠـﺔ‬muzayyif al-‘u. counterfeiter; ‫ﺮﻳـﺐ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬currency smuggling
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻴـﻞ‬amīl pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻼء‬umalā’2 (business) representative; agent (also pol.);
commission merchant (com.); customer, patron; patient; client
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻲ‬amīla woman customer, woman client
O ‫‘ ﻋﻤﻴﻠﺔ‬umaila pl. -āt erg (unit of energy or work; phys.)
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎﻟـﺔ‬amāla pl. -āt wages, pay; brokerage, commission; department,
district, province; (Alg.) prefecture, administrative district
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬amūla brokerage, commission
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺎﱄ‬ummālī labor, workers’ (in compounds) | ‫ ﺻـﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬labor organ,
labor (news)paper
1062
‫ ﻣﻌﻤـﻞ‬ma‘mal pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬ma‘āmil2 factory, mill; workshop, plant, works,

establishment; institute; laboratory; pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬industrial plant | ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﻞ اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬
ma‘mal al-baḥt research institute; ‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ‬refinery; ‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻠـﱭ‬m. al-laban
dairy
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬mu‘āmala pl. -āt treatment; procedure; social intercourse, social life,
association (with one another); behavior, conduct (toward others); business;
transaction; (esp. in pl.) mutual relations, business relations; pl. ‫ﻣﻌـﺎﻣﻼت‬
handling (of freight, luggage, etc.) | ‫( اﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠــﺔ ﳌﺜــﻞ‬mitl) reciprocity (in
international trade); ‫ ﺷــﺮط ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠــﺔ اﻟــﺪول اﻷﻛﺜــﺮ رﻋﺎﻳــﺔ‬m. id-duwali l-akaṭari
ri‘āyatan most-favored nation clause (dipl.)
‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ta‘ammul affectedness, affectation, finicality, mannerism
‫ ﺗﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬ta‘āmul commercial intercourse, trade relations, trade, dealings,
transactions; business transactions (stock exchange); (pl. -āt) O reaction
(chem..)
‫ اﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬isti‘māl application, use, employment; utilization, exploitation;
operation, handling (e.g., of a machine) | ‫ ﺳـﻬﻞ اﻻﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬sahl al-ist. easy to
Confidential
handle; ‫ ﺳـﻮء اﻻﺳـﻌﺘﻤﺎل‬sū’ al-ist. abuse, misuse; ‫ ﺷـﺎﺋﻊ اﻻﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬in general use,
commonly used, generally accepted;

misuse, misemploy s.th.
‫ اﺳـﺎء اﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬asā’a sti‘mālahū to abuse,
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ‬āmil active; effective; -- (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﻣـﻞ‬awāmil2) factor, constituent,

element, (causative) agent, motive power; word governing another in
syntactical regimen, regent (gram.); -- (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺎل‬ummāl) maker, producer,
manufacturer; doer, perpetrator, author; worker, workman, workingman,
laborer; wage earner, employee; governor, vicegerent, lieutenant;
administrative officer at the head of a ‘amal (Tun.); (Alg.) district president,
prefect (of a ‘amala) | ‫( اﳉـﻴﺶ اﻟﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬jail) the regular, or active, army; ‫ﲢـﺖ‬
‫‘( ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ اﻟﻐﻀـﺐ‬a. il-gadab) in wrathful agitation, infuriated; ‫ ﺣـﺰب اﻟﻌﻤـﺎل‬ḥizb
al-‘u. labor party (specif., the Brit. Labour Party); ‫‘( ﻋﻀـﻮ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ‬uḍw) active
member
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﻪ‬ma‘mūl bihī in force, effective, valid; in use, applied
‫ اﳌﻌﺎﻣﻴﻞ‬al-ma‘āmīl the coffee implements (Bedouin)
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬mu‘āmil O coefficient (math.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬musta‘mil user
1063
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬musta‘mal employed, used also = not new, secondhand); in use

applied
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻼق‬imlāq pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ‬amāliqa Amalekite; gigantic, giant, huge; a giant |
‫ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺎر‬huge ocean liners
1‫‘ ﻋﻤﻦ‬ammān = ‫‘ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻦ‬an man
2‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎن‬umān Oman, sultanate in SE Arabia

‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎﱐ‬umānī Omani, Oman (adj.)
3‫‘ ﻋﻤـﺎن‬ammān2 Amman (the ancient Philadelphia, capital city of the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻪ‬amiha a (‘amah) to wander about, stray, rove; to stray (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫‘ ﻋﻤـﻲ‬amiya a (‘aman) to be or become blind, lose one’s eyesight; to be
blind (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to s.th.); to be obscure (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.) II to blind, render blind (‫ه‬
s.o.); to blindfold (‫ ه‬s.o.); to obscure, render cryptic, enigmatic or
mysterious, mystify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to blind, render blind (‫ ه‬s.o.); to blindfold

(‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) blind (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to a fact) V to be or become blind, lose
Confidential
one’s eyesight VI to shut one’s eyes (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬on s.th.), pretend not to see (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.th.); to be blind (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to)

‫‘ ﻋﻤﻰ‬aman blindness
‫‘ ﻋﻤﻴﺔ‬amīya ignorance, folly
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎء‬amā’ heavy clouds
‫‘ ﻋﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬amāya ignorance, folly
‫ اﻋﻤﻰ‬a‘mā, f. ‫‘ ﻋﻤﻴﺎء‬amyā’2, pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻤﻲ‬umy or ‫‘ ﻋﻤﻴﺎن‬umyān blind
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﺎة‬ma‘māh pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎم‬ma‘āmin roadless desert, roadless area
‫ ﺗﻌﺎم‬ta‘āmin blindness, (state of) delusion
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻰ‬mu‘amman pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻴﺎت‬mu‘ammayāt riddle, puzzle
1‫‘ ﻋـﻦ‬an (prep.) off, away from; from (designating the source); out of (a
feeling); about, on (a topic); according to, as attested or declared by, from
what ... says, on the authority of; on the basis of, on the strength of; for, in
defense of; as a substitute for; (as to syntactical regimen see under
respective verb) | ‫ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫( ﻋﻦ‬yamīnihī) to (or at) his or its right, at (or on) his or
its right side, to the right of him or it; ‫اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ارﺗﻔـﺎع اﻟـﻒ ﻗـﺪم ﻋـﻦ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬alfi
1064
qadamin, saṭḥI l-baḥr) 1000 feet above see level; ‫ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬ ‫( ﻋـﻦ‬ṭarīqi) by way of,
via; by means of, through; ‫ اﻟﻴـﻚ ﻋـﲏ‬ilaika ‘annī away from me! ‫ﻋـﻦ اﻣـﺮﻩ‬
(amrihī) by s.o.’s order(s). at s.o.’s instigation, on s.o.’s initiative; ‫ﻋـﻦ ﺑﺼـﲑة‬
consciously, fully aware of the situation; ‫( ﻋـﻦ ﺣﺴـﻦ ﻧﻴـﺔ‬ḥusni nīya) in good
faith, bona fide; ‫( ﻋـﻦ ﺣـﻖ‬ḥaqq) justly, rightly, by rights; ‫( ﻋـﻦ ﺣـﻮف‬kauf) for
fear; ‫ ﻋــﻦ ﻋﻠــﻢ‬,‫‘( ﻋــﻦ دراﻳــﺔ‬ilm) on the basis of sound knowledge, in full
cognizance of the situation; ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﺳـﺮور‬gladly, happily, joyfully; ‫ﻋـﻦ ﻗﻨﺎﻋـﺔ‬
‫( وﺟﺪاﻧﻴﺔ‬qanā‘atin wijdānīya) out of absolute inner conviction; ‫ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ‬or ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬
‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ‬,‫ ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ‬or ‫‘( ﻋﻤـﺎ ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ‬ammā) shortly, presently, after a (little) while,
soon; ‫ ﻋﻦ وﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﻓﻼن‬through the good offices of ...; ‫( ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻋـﻦ ﻳـﻮم‬yauman) day
after day, from day to day; ‫آﺧـﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫( ﻗﺘﻠـﻮا ﻋـﻦ‬qutilū) they were killed to the last
man; ‫( ﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ‬tamānīna sanataan) he died at the age of eighty; ‫ﻣﺎت‬
‫( ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﺔ ﻛﺒﲑة‬tarika) he died leaving a large fortune
Confidential
2 ‫‘ ﻋﻦ‬anna i u (‘ann, ‫‘ ﻋﻨﻦ‬anan) to present itself, offer itself (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to
take shape, to form, arise, spring up (‫ ل‬in s.o.’s mind), suggest itself (‫ ل‬to
s.o.; of an opinion); to appear (‫ ل‬to, before) | ‫ان‬
...
‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻟـﻪ‬it occurred to him that
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺔ‬unna impotence (of the male)

‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎن‬anān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬clouds
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎن‬inān pl. ‫ اﻋﻨﺔ‬a‘inna rein(s); bridle | ‫( اﻃﻠﻖ ﻟﻪ اﻟﻌﻨﺎن‬aṭlaqa, ‘inān) to give
free rein to s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.; ‫ﺟــﺮت اﻷﻣــﻮر ﰲ اﻋﻨﺘﻬــﺎ‬ (jarat,
a‘innatihā) things took a normal course, developed as scheduled
‫‘ ﻋﻨﲔ‬anīn impotent (male)
‫‘ ﻋﻨـﺐ‬inab (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﻋﻨـﺎب‬a‘nāb grape(s) | ‫‘ ﻋﻨـﺐ اﻟـﺬﺋﺐ‬i. ad-di’b
black nightshade (Solanum nigrum; bot.)
‫‘ ﻋﻨـﺎب‬unnāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬jujube (Zizyphus vulgaris Lam.; bot.); (its
fruit) jujube
‫‘ ﻋﻨﱪ‬anbar ambergris; (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺮ‬anābir2) sperm whale, cachalot (zool.)
‫‘ ﻋﻨـﱪي‬anbarī perfumed with ambergris; liqueur (also ‫ ;)ﻧﺒﻴـﺬ ﻋﻨـﱪي‬a variety
of pigeon
1065
‫‘ ﻋﻨﱪة اﻟﺸﺘﺎء‬anbarat aš-šitā’ the severity of winter

2‫‘ ﻋﻨـﱪ‬anbar pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻨـﺎﺑﺮ‬anābir2 storehouse, magazine, depot, warehouse;
factory hall; hold (of a ship); ward. section (of a hospital); quarters (of a
ship’s crew); barrack(s)
‫‘ ﻋﻨـﺖ‬anita a (‘anat) to fall on evil days, come to grief, meet with
hardship, be in distress, suffer adversity; to commit a sin, specif., commit
fornication II to force s.o. (‫ )ه‬to perform a difficult task IV to distress,
afflict, harass (‫ ه‬s.o.), bring hardship (‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to treat s.o. (‫ )ه‬harshly,
deal with s.o. (‫ )ه‬roughly V to cause vexation, annoyance or distress (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), bring trouble (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), harass, pre molest (‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to
confuse s.o. (‫ )ه‬with questions; to pick a quarrel, be out for a fight (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with
s.o.); to stickle, be pigheaded, insist stubbornly
‫‘ ﻋﻨـﺖ‬anal distress, affliction, hardship, misery, adversity; pains, trouble,
inconvenience; constraint, coercion
‫ اﻋﻨــﺎت‬i‘nāt torment, harassment, molestation, chicanery, constraint,
coercion
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻌﻨــﺖ‬ta‘annut obstinacy, obduracy, pigheadedness, stubborn zeal,
stickling
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﻨﺖ‬muta‘annit obstinate, obdurate, pigheaded, stubborn
‫‘ ﻋﻨﱰ‬antara to display heroism
‫‘ ﻋﻨﱰ‬antar Antar (the hero of a well-known romance of chivalry)
‫‘ ﻋﻨﱰى‬antarī pl. -īya popular reciter of the Antar romance
‫‘ ﻋﻨﱰى‬antarī pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎﺗﺮة‬anātira brassiere; bodice, corsage
‫‘ ﻋﻨﱰﻳـﺔ‬antarīya Antar, the romance of Antar, cycle of stories relating the
deeds of Antar
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺠﻬﻴﺔ‬unjuhīya haughtiness, self-importance, pride
‫‘ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬anada u i (‫‘ ﻋﻨـﻮد‬unūd), ‘anida a (‘anad) and ‘anuda u to swerve,
deviate, diverge, depart (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to resist stubbornly; to be headstrong,
obstinate, stubborn III to resist or oppose (‫ ه‬s.o., doggedly), offer (stubborn)

resistance (‫ ه‬to s.o.) X to cling stubbornly (‫ ه‬to s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬inda (prep.) at, near, by, with, on (of place, time and possession);
upon; in the opinion of, in the view of; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬min ‘indi from; from the
1066
home of; away from; ‫ﻋﻨـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬in his turn, for his part; ‫ اﺿـﺎف ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻨـﺪﻩ‬he
added s.th. of his own; ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪﻫﺎ‬then, at that moment, with these words; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‘( ﻋﻨـﺪي‬indī) against me; ‫( ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ‬bait) near the house, at the house; ‫ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ‬to be exact …, strictly speaking …; ‫( ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻃﻠـﻮع اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ‬ṭ. iš-šams) at
sunrise; ‫‘( ﻋﻨـﺪي دﻳﻨـﺎر واﺣـﺪ‬indī dīnār) I have only one dinar (with me); ‫ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
‫ ذﻟـﻚ‬then, thereupon, at that moment; ‫( ﻣﻠـﻮك اﻷرض ﻋﻨـﺪ ﷲ ﺗـﺮاب‬m. ul-arḍ,
turāb) the kings of this world are mere dust in comparison with God; ‫ﻋﻨـﺪي‬
in my opinion, as I think; ‫ﻋﻨـﺪك‬ ‫ ﻣـﺎ‬what do you think? what is your opinion?
‫( ﱂ ﻳﻜـﻦ ﻋﻨـﺪ رأﻳﻬـﻢ‬yakun, ra‘yihim) he was not what they had expected; ‫ﻛـﺎن‬
‫( ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺣﺴـﻦ ﻇﻨـﻪ‬ḥusni ẓannihī) to meet, or be up to, s.o.’s high expectation;
‫( ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻈﻦ ﺑﻪ‬ḥusni ẓ-ẓanni) to have a good opinion of s.o.; ‫ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
‫( ﻧﺼﺤﻪ‬nuṣḥihī) to follow s.o.’s advice
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬indamā as soon as, whenever; when, as
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗـﻪ‬min ‘indīyātihī sprung from his own mind, his own brain child;
of one’s own accord, on one’s own initiative
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺪﺋـﺬ‬inda’idin then, at that time; at that moment, thereupon, then; with
that, thereby
‫‘ ﻋﻨﻴـﺪ‬anīd pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬unud resisting stubbornly (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.); stubborn,
obstinate, obdurate, pigheaded, headstrong, opinionated, willful,
pertinacious
‫‘ ﻋﻨــﺎد‬inād resistance, opposition; stubbornness, obstinacy, obduracy,
pigheadedness, headstrongness, opinionatedness, willfulness, pertinacity
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻧ ــﺪة‬mu‘ānada resistance, opposition; stubbornness, obstinacy,
obduracy, pigheadedness, headstrongness, opinionatedness, willfulness,
pertinacity
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻧـﺪ‬mu‘ānid resisting stubbornly (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.); stubborn, obstinate,
obdurate, pigheaded, headstrong, opinionated, willful, pertinacious
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺪﻟﺔ‬andala song of the nightingale
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺪﻟﻴﺐ‬andalīb pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎدل‬anādil2 nightingale
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺪم‬andam brazilwood, sapanwood (used for dyeing); red dyestuff
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺪم‬andamī deep-red
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺰ‬anz pl. ‫ اﻋﻨﺰ‬a‘nuz, ‫‘ ﻋﻨﻮز‬unūz, ‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎز‬ināz goat
1067
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺰة‬anza (n. un.) pl. -āt goat

‫‘ ﻋﻨﺰة‬anaza a short spear, iron-tipped at its lower end
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻧﺲ‬ānis pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﻧﺲ‬awānis spinster, old maid
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺼـﺮ‬unṣur pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ‬anāṣir2 origin; race, stock, breed; ethnic element;
element (chem., pol.); component, constituent, ingredient; pl. also:
nationalities
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺼـﺮي‬unṣurī race, racial; ethnic; elemental, of or pertaining to the
elements | ‫اﻟﺘﺒـﺎﻏﺾ اﻟﻌﻨﺼـﺮي‬ (tabāguḍ) or ‫اﻷﺣﻘـﺎد اﻟﻌﻨﺼـﺮﻳﺔ‬ race hatred ‫اﳌﺴـﺄﻟﺔ‬
‫( اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬mas’ala) the nationality problem, the problem of ethnic minorities
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬unṣurīya race, nationality; racial theory
‫ اﻟﻌﻨﺼـﺮة‬al-‘anṣara Whitsuntide; Whitsunday, Pentecost (Chr.) | ‫ﻋﻴـﺪ اﻟﻌﻨﺼـﺮة‬
īd al-‘a. Whitsuntide, Pentecost (Chr.); Shabuoth, Feast of Weeks, Pentecost
(Jud.)
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺼﻞ‬unṣul pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﻞ‬anāṣil2 squill, sea onion
‫‘ ﻋﻨﻌﻨﺎت‬an‘anāt (pl.) traditions
‫ ﻣﻌﻨﻌﻦ‬mu‘an‘an transmitted, handed down
Confidential
‫ ﻋﻨﻒ‬II to treat severely, harshly, with rigor (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.), deal with
s.o. (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ )ه‬roughly; to reprimand, rebuke, censure sharply, berate,
chide, scold (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to treat severely, harshly, with rigor (‫ ه‬s.o.),
deal with s.o. (‫ )ه‬roughly
‫‘ ﻋﻨـﻒ‬unf, ‘anf sternness, severity, rigor; harshness; bluntness, gruffness;
ruggedness, roughness; violence, vehemence; fierceness, bitterness,
embitterment, toughness; use of force
‫‘ ﻋﻨﻴـﻒ‬anīf stern, severe, drastic, rigorous; harsh, hard; ungentle, rough,
rude; blunt, gruff; rugged, rough; violent, vehement; fierce, embittered,
tough; strenuous, exacting, difficult (e.g., reading)
‫‘ ﻋﻨﻔـﻮان‬unfuwān vigor, prime, bloom | ‫‘( ﰲ ﻋﻨﻔـﻮان ﺷـﺒﺎﺑﻪ‬u. šabābihī) in the
prime of his youth
‫ اﻋﻨﻒ‬a‘naf2 sterner, severer, harsher, harder, fiercer
‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻴﻒ‬ta‘nīf stern censure, reprimand, rebuke
‫ ﻋﻨﻖ‬II to grab by the neck, to collar (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to embrace, hug (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
associate closely (‫ ه‬with), attach o.s. closely (‫ ه‬to) VI to embrace each
1068
other VIII to embrace, hug (‫ ه‬s.o.); to adopt, embrace (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. a

religion or doctrine), be converted (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), take up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to combine
(‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.; chem.); to embrace each other
‫ ﻋﻨﻖ‬unuq, unq pl. ‫ اﻋﻨﺎق‬a‘nāq neck, nape
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎق‬anāq pl. ‫ اﻋﻨﻖ‬a‘nuq, ‫‘ ﻋﻨﻮق‬unūq she-kid, young she-goat | ‫ﻋﻨـﺎق اﻷرض‬
‘a. al-arḍ caracal, desert lynx (Lynx caracal; zool.)
‫‘ ﻋﻨﻘﺎء‬anqā’2 a legendary bird, griffon
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎق‬ināq embrace, hug, accolade
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻘﺔ‬mu‘ānaqa embrace, hug, accolade
‫ اﻋﺘﻨــﺎق‬i‘tināq embracement (of a religion or doctrine), adoption,
acceptance (of a doctrine)
‫‘ ﻋﻨﻘﻮد‬unqūd pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ‬anāqīd2 cluster, bunch; bunch of grapes
‫‘ ﻋﻨﻘﺎش‬inqāš peddler, hawker
‫‘ ﻋﻨﻜﺒـﻮت‬ankabūt pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎﻛـﺐ‬anākib2 spider | ‫ ﺑﻴـﺖ )ﻧﺴـﻴﺞ( اﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒـﻮت‬bait al-
‘a. cobweb, spider web
Confidential
‫‘ )ﻋﻨـﺎ )ﻋﻨـﻮ‬anā u (‘unūw) to be humble, submissive, subservient, servile (‫ل‬
toward, before), be obedient, yield, submit (‫ ل‬to s.o.), obey (‫ ل‬s.o.); -- u
(‫‘ ﻋﻨـﻮة‬anwa) to take by force (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- u to be on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind, disquiet,
discomfort, worry, preoccupy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to concern, affect, regard, interest (‫ه‬

s.o.)
‫‘ ﻋﻨـﻮة‬anwa force, compulsion; forcibleness, violence; ‘anwatan forcibly,
by force
‫ ﻣﻌﻨﻮي‬see ‫ﻋﲎ‬
‫‘ ﻋـﺎن‬ānin humble, subservient, submissive, servile, obedient; captive;
miserable, distressed, in trouble
‫‘ ﻋﻨﻮن‬anwana to furnish with an address or title, entitle, address (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋﻨـﻮان‬unwān pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻨـﺎوﻳﻦ‬anāwīn2 address; title, heading; model, epitome;
sign, token | ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ل‬ ‫ ﻋﻨﻮا‬in token of s.th., as a sign of s.th.
‫ ﻣﻌﻨﻮن‬mu‘anwan addressed (‫ اﱃ‬to), inscribed; entitled (‫ ب‬as)
‫‘ ﻋـﲎ‬anī i (‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎﻳـﺔ‬ināya) to be on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind; to disquiet, discomfort,
worry, preoccupy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to concern, affect, regard, interest (‫ ه‬s.o.); --
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‘aniya a (‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎء‬anā’) to be worried, concerned, anxious; to toil, labor, drudge;

-- ‘anī i (‘any) to have in mind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), mean (‫ه‬ ,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. by); ‫ﻳﻌـﲏ‬
ya‘nī or ‫اﻋـﲏ‬ a‘nī that is, i.e.; -- pass. ‘uniya (‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎﻳـﺔ‬ināya) to worry, be
concerned (‫ ب‬about), take an interest (‫ ب‬in); to take care (‫ ب‬of), see (‫ ب‬to)
II to torment, agonize, distress, harass, (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to be preoccupied (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with
s.th.); to take pains (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th., in doing s.th.), spend effort (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to
see to it, make efforts, bear in mind, make sure (‫ ان‬that); to undergo, incur,
endure, suffer, sustain, bear (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to suffer (‫ ﻫـ‬from), be afflicted (‫ ﻫـ‬with)
V to toil, labor. drudge VIII to be solicitous (‫ ب‬about, for, of), go to trouble
(‫ ب‬for), be concerned, anxious (‫ ب‬about), feel concern (‫ ب‬for); to take care
(‫ ب‬of), care. provide (‫ ب‬for), look (‫ ب‬after), see (‫ ب‬to), tend (‫ ب‬s.th.), put
one’s mind, devote one’s attention (‫ ب‬to); to attend (‫ ب‬to), nurse (‫ ب‬s.o.,
s.th., e.g., a patient)
‫‘ ﻋﻨﺎء‬anā’ pains, trouble, toil, hardship, difficulty, distress
Confidential
‫ ﻋﻨﺎﻳـﺔ‬ināya concern; care, solicitude, providence (‫ ب‬for); care(fulness),
painstaking, meticulousness (‫ ب‬in); heed, notice, regard, attention (‫ ب‬to);
interest (‫ ب‬in) | ‫( اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳـﺔ اﻹﳍﻴـﺔ‬ilāhīya) divine providence; ‫( ﻋﻨﺎﻳـﺔ ﻃﺒﻴـﺔ‬ṭibbīya)

medical care
‫ ﻣﻌــﲎ‬ma‘nan pl. ‫ ﻣﻌــﺎن‬ma‘ānin sense, meaning, signification, import;
concept, notion, idea, thought; thematic purport (e.g., of a work of art, as
distinguiohed from its form); a rhetorical, figurative, or allegorical
expression; ‫اﳌﻌـﺎﱐ‬ the good qualities (of a person) | ‫اﺳـﻢ ﻣﻌـﲎ‬ ism ma‘nā
abstract noun (gram.); ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳌﻌــﺎﱐ‬ ‘ilm al-m. rhetoric; ‫ذو ﻣﻌــﲎ‬ significant,
meaningful, telling, tell-tale; ‫ ﺑﻜـﻞ ﻣﻌـﲎ اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬bi-kull m. l-kalima in the full
sense of the word; ‫( ﻻ ﻣﻌـﲎ ﻟـﻪ‬ma‘nā) meaningless, without meaning; ‫وﻣـﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎﻩ‬and the like; ‫( ﻧﻈـﺮات ﻛﻠﻬـﺎ ﻣﻌـﺎن‬naẓarāt kulluhā) telling glances, glances
full of meaning
‫ ﻣﻌﻨﻮى‬ma‘nawī relating to the sense or import (of a word or expression; as
opposed to ‫ ﻟﻔﻈـﻲ‬lafẓī); semantic, significative, of or pertaining to meaning;
ideal, ideational, ideative; abstract; mental; spiritual (as opposed to material)
1070
| ‫ﺷـﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﻨـﻮى‬ (šakṣ) artificial, conventional, or juristic, person, a body

corporate as a subject of rights and duties
‫ ﻣﻌﻨﻮ ت‬ma‘nawīyāt ideal, immaterial thing.; morale, spirit (of an army)
‫ ﻣﻌﺎ ة‬mu‘ānāh effort(s)
‫ ﺗﻌﻦ‬ta‘annin pains, trouble, toil, drudgery
‫ اﻋﺘﻨـﺎء‬i‘tinā’ providing, solicitude, concern (‫ ب‬for), attendance (‫ ب‬to),
maintenance, nursing, cultivation (‫ ب‬of), care (‫ ب‬of, for), carefulness,
painstaking (‫ ب‬in); attention (‫ ب‬to), interest (‫ ب‬in)
‫‘ ﻋﺎن‬ānin miserable, distressed, in trouble
‫ ﻣﻌﲏ‬ma‘nīy concerned, affected; interested (‫ ب‬in)
‫ ﻣﻌﲎ‬mu‘annan (syr.) unmetrical poem with end rhyme
‫ ﻣﻌﱳ‬mu‘tanin concerned, solicitous, careful, heedful, mindful, thoughtful,
attentive
‫‘ ﻋﻬﺪ‬ahida a (‘ahd) to know (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., a quality, a trait,
‫ ب‬of
Confidential
s.o.), be acquainted, familiar (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to observe closely, heed (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), adhere (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to attend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), look after s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to delegate,
entrust, assign, commit (‫ ب اﱃ‬to s.o., s.th.), vest (‫ ب اﱃ‬in s.o. s.th.),
communion, charge, authorize, empower. entrust (‫ ب اﱃ‬s.o. with, or s.o.
with the task of ...); to impose, enjoin (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ب‬ on s.o s.th., or on s.o. the
obligation to ...), obligate, commit (‫اﱃ‬
‫ ب‬s.o. to do s.th.) | ‫( ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ اﻋﻬـﺪ‬a‘hadu)
to my knowledge, as far as I know; ‫( ﻋﻬـﺪ ووﻋـﺪ‬wa‘dahū) to fulfill, or keep,
one’s promise III to make a contract, compact, or covenant (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.
concerning); to promise (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ to s.o. s.th. also ‫ب‬ s.th.); to engage,
undertake, bind o.s. pledge o.s. commit o.s. obligate o.s. (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o. to do
s.th.) V to advocate, support (s.th.), stand up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.); to observe, heed,
keep in mind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), pay attention, see, attend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), take care (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of
s.th.); to care (‫ ﻫـ‬for s.th.), maintain, keep up, service (‫ ﻫـ‬s.h.); to be liable for
the maintenance or upkeep (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to assume. take upon o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.);
1071
to engage, undertake, bind o.s. pledge o.s., commit o.s. obligate o.s. (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬to
‫ ان ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.); to promise (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.) X to
s.o. to do s.th., also
exact a written pledge or commitment (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from s.o.); to have s.o. (‫ )ﻣﻦ‬sign a
contract
‫‘ ﻋﻬـﺪ‬ahd knowledge; acquaintance, contact (‫ ب‬with); the well-known,
familiar nature (of s.o.); close observance, strict adherence (to), keeping,
fulfillment (of a promise); delegation, assignment, committing (‫ب‬ ‫اﱃ‬ of
s.th. to s.o.), vesting (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ب‬ in s.o. of s.th.), commissioning, charging,
entrusting (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ب‬ of s.o. with s.th.); commission; -- (pl. ‫ﻋﻬــﻮد‬ ‘uhūd)
commitment, obligation, liability; responsibility; pledge, vow; promise;
oath; contract, compact, covenant, pact, treaty, agreement; time, epoch, era |
‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ‬bu‘d al-‘a. the fact that s.th. is long pact, that s.th. belong, to the
remote past; ‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬recent, late, new, young; ‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ‬do.; ‫ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ‬
or ‫( ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻬـﺪ ب‬ḥ. ‘ahdin) having adopted or acquired (s.th.) recently; not
long accustomed to (s.th.), inexperienced at (s.th.), new at (s.th.), newly,
Confidential
e.g., ‫( ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺑﻌﺮس‬bi-‘ursin) newly wed, ‫ﻟﻮﻻدة‬
‫ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻬـﺪ ور‬ he had not known Europe until recently;

early date, long past, long-standing; ‫ب‬
acquainted with; ‫ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ ﻋﻬـﺪ ب‬ (q.
‫ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬newborn; ‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻗـﺪﱘ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ‬
‘ahdin), ,‫ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ ب = ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻬـﺪ ب‬

of an
‫ ﻗـﺪﱘ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ‬of long experience in, long
‫( ﺣﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ ب; ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ ﻋﻬـﺪ ﻟﻔﻄـﺎم‬fiṭām) just weaned. newly weaned; ...-I,} ¥
<J- for a abort time (past), of late; recent, late; recently, lately, the other day;
‫ ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻋﻬـﺪ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ‬a long time ago; ‫‘( ﻻ ﻋﻬـﺪ ﻟـﻪ‬ahda) not to know s.th.; not having
experienced s.th., being unacquainted with ...; ‫‘( ﻋﻬـﺪ ـﺬﻩ اﳌﺴـﺄﻟﺔ‬ahdunā,
mas’ala) our long-standing knowledge of this question; ‫اﺧـﺬ ﻋﻬـﺪا ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ to

exact a promise from s.o., pledge s.o.; ‫ﻋﻬـﺪا‬
‫ ﻗﻄﻊ‬to conclude a treaty, make a
contract; to make a promise; ‫ ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻋﻬـﺪا ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to assume an obligation,
commit o.s. obligate o.s. pledge o.s.; to vow, make a vow (‫ ب‬to do s.th.);
‫‘ ﻋﻬـﺪ اﻷﻣـﺎن‬a. al-amān (formerly:) an order bestowed by the Bey of Tunis;
‫( ﻋﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﺎن اﳌﺮﺻﻊ‬muraṣṣa‘) a higher class of the afore-mentioned order; ‫اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬
‫ اﳉﺪﻳـﺪ‬the New Testament; ‫ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ اﻟﻘـﺪﱘ‬the Old Testament; ‫ وﱄ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ‬walīy al-
1072
‘a. heir-apparent, crown prince; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻬـﺪﻩ‬at or in his time; ‫ﰲ ﻋﻬـﺪ ﻓـﻼن‬
during s.o.’s lifetime; in s.o.’s epoch; ‫ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ‬his familiar nature or manner, his
nature as it had always been known; ‫( ﻇـﻞ ﻛﻌﻬـﺪﻩ‬ẓalla) he remained as he had
always been, as everybody used to know him; ‫ ﻋﻬـﺪﻫﻢ‬the nature or manner
that they know (knew) of him (or of it), that they are
(were) used to; ‫ ﻛﻌﻬـﺪﻫﻢ ﺑـﻪ‬such as they used to know him; ‫ﻣـﺎ زﻟـﺖ اﻧـﺖ‬
‫ ﻛﻌﻬـﺪي ﺑـﻚ‬yon are still the same! ‫ ﻣـﺎ زال ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻬـﺪﻩ‬to be unchanged, be as
always; ‫‘( ﻃﺎل ﺑﻪ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬ahdu) to last, or have lasted, a long time
‫‘ ﻋﻬــﺪة‬uhda contractual obligation (Isl. Law); responsibility; charge,
custody, guardianship; guaranty | ‫ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪﺗـﻪ‬in his care, custody, or charge,
entrusted to him; ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻬﺪﺗﻪ‬uhdatuhū) he is responsible for it
‫‘ ﻋﻬﻴﺪ‬ahīd ally, confederate
‫ ﻣﻌﻬـﺪ‬ma‘had pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻫـﺪ‬ma‘āhid2 place, locality (which one had known
before or which one revisits); public institute or institution; (scientific)
Confidential ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻫــﺪ اﻟــﺬﻛﺮ ت‬m. ad-dikrayāt

institute; seminar |
memories; ‫( ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﺻﻼﺣﻲ‬iṣlāḥī) reformatory
places fraught with
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻫـﺪة‬mu‘āhada pl. -āt agreement, arrangement, accord.; alliance, treaty,

pact | ‫ )ﻣﻌﺎﻫـﺪة اﻟﺴـﻼم )اﻟﺼـﻠﺢ‬m. as-salām (aṣ-ṣulḥ) peace treaty; ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻫـﺪة ﻋـﺪم‬
‫ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاء‬m. ‘adam al-i‘tidā’ nonaggression pact
‫ ﺗﻌﻬـﺪ‬ta‘ahhud advocacy, support; care; charge, custody, guardianship,
tutelage (with foll. genit.: over); care, maintenance, servicing, upkeep;
assumption, undertaking (‫ ب‬of s.th.); (pl. -āt) promise, pledge, commitment,
engagement, obligation, liability, contractual duty
‫ ﻣﻌﻬﻮد‬ma‘hūd well-known; ‫ اﳌﻌﻬﻮد‬the said ..., the … in question
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﻬـﺪ‬muta‘ahhid pl. -ūn contractor, entrepreneur; concessionaire | ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻬـﺪ‬
‫( ﻓﲏ‬fannī) impresario
‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻫﺪ‬muta‘āhid: ‫ اﳌﺘﻌﺎﻫﺪان‬the two contracting parties
‫‘ ﻋﻬـﺮ‬ahara a (‘ahr, ‘ihr) and ‘ahira a (‘ahar) to commit adultery, whore
(‫ اﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬with a woman) III = I (‫ ﻫﺎ‬with a woman)
‫‘ ﻋﻬﺮ‬ihr adultery, fornication, whoredom; prostitution
1073
‫‘ ﻋﻬﺮ‬ahr adulterer, whoremonger, fornicator

‫‘ ﻋﻬﺎرة‬ahāra adultery, fornication, whoredom; prostitution
‫‘ ﻋـﺎﻫﺮ‬āhir committing adultery, fornicating, whoring; (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻬـﺎر‬uhhār)
adulterer, fornicator, whoremonger; -- (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﻫﺮ‬awahir2) adulteress; whore,
harlot, prostitute
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻫﺮة‬āhira pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﻫﺮ‬awāhir2 adulteress; whore, harlot, prostitute
‫‘ ﻋﺎﻫﻞ‬āhil pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﻫﻞ‬awāhil2 sovereign, prince, ruler, monarch
‫‘ ﻋﻬﻦ‬ihn (colored) wool
‫‘ ﻋـﻮاﻫﻦ‬awāhin2 (pl. of ‫‘ ﻋـﺎﻫﻦ‬āhin) limbs, extremities (of the body); palm
branches | ‫ﻋﻮاﻫﻨﻪ‬ ‫( اﻟﻘﻰ )رﻣﻰ( اﻟﻜﻼم ﻋﻠﻰ‬alqā, kalāma) to talk without restraint,
ramble
‫‘ ﻋـﻮج‬awija a (‘awaj) to be crooked, curved, twisted, tortuous, bent,
bowed, stooping; to bend, twist, curve; -- ‫‘ ﻋـﺎج‬āja u to turn off the road
(while traveling); to stop (over). put up (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at, in) II to bend, crook, curve,
twist (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V and IX = I
Confidential
‫‘ ﻋــﻮج‬iwaj, ‘awaj crookedness, twistedness, curvature, bend(ing),
tortuosity; unevenness; deviation (from that which is right)
‫‘ ﻋﺎج‬āj ivory
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺟﻲ‬ājī ivory (adj.)
‫ اﻋـﻮج‬a‘waj2, f. ‫‘ ﻋﻮﺟـﺎء‬aujā’2, pl. (‫‘ ﻋـﻮج‬ūj crooked, curved, bent, twisted,
tortuous, sinuous; stooping, bowed; wry; odd, queer
‫ اﻋﻌﺠـﺎج‬i‘wijāj crookedness, twistedness, curvature, bend(ing), tortuosity;
unevenness; deviation (from that which is right); crooked ways
‫ ﻣﻌﻮﺟﻪ‬mu‘awwaja pl. -āt retort (chem.)
‫ ﻣﻌـﻮج‬mu‘wajj crooked, curved, bent, twisted, tortuous, sinuous; stooping,
bowed; wry; odd, queer
‫‘ )ﻋـﺎد )ﻋـﻮد‬āda u (‘aud, ‫‘ ﻋـﻮد‬auda, ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎد‬ma‘ād) to return, come back (‫ ل‬or
‫ اﱃ‬to); to flow back; to go back. be traceable, be attributable (‫ اﱃ‬to); to
revert, redound, accrue (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to refer, relate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to be due. go back
(‫ اﱃ‬to); to fall to s.o.’s (‫ )اﱃ‬lot or share, fall in s.o.’s ((‫ اﱃ‬bailiwick; to
belong, (ap)pertain, be proper (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to); to give up, abandon, relinquish
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(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), withdraw, resign (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); ‫ب‬ ‫ ﻋـﺎد‬to return with = to lead back,
bring back, take back, return, reduce, revert s.o. or s.th. (‫ اﱃ‬to); ‫ ﻋﺎد ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ب‬to
bring about, entail s.th. for s.o s. result in s.th. for s.o., yield, bring in, return
s.th. to s.o.; (with predicate adjective or noun in acc.) to become, grow
(into), turn into; (with foil. imparf. or ‫ )اﱃ‬to resume, renew (an activity);
(with neg. and foil. imparf.) to do s.th. no more or no longer; with foil. finite
verb) to do s.th. again or anew; -- u (‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺎدة‬iyāda) to visit (‫ ه‬a patient), have
under treatment (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a physician) | ‫ﻋــﺎد اﱃ ﻧﻔﺴــﻪ‬ to regain
consciousness, come to; to take counsel with o.s., hold self-communion,
examine o.s. introspectively, search one’s soul; ‫ﻋــﺎدت اﳌﻴــﺎﻩ اﱃ ﳎﺎرﻳﻬــﺎ‬
(majārīhā) the situation returned to normal; ‫ ﻋـﺎد اﱃ رأس أﻣـﺮﻩ‬ra’s amrihī) to
‫( ﻋـﺎد ادراﺟـﻪ‬adrājahū) to retrace one’s steps; to turn

start s.th. all over again;
back, go back; ‫‘( ﻋﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﻴﻪ‬aqbaihi), pl. ‫( ﻋﺎدوا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻋﻘﺎ ﻢ‬a‘qābihim) do.; ‫ﱂ‬
‫ اﻋﺪ اﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺻﱪا‬lam a‘ud astatī‘u ṣabran I could not stand it any longer; ‫ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ‬
‫( ﻟﻊ ﻃﺎﻗـﺔ ﺑـﻪ‬ya‘ud, ṭāqatun) he no longer had any power over it; ‫ﱂ ﻳﻌـﺪ اﻟﻴـﻪ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ‬
Confidential
there is no longer any possibility for it; ‫ ﻋـﺎد ﻳﻘـﻮل‬he continued (after a pause
in his speech) II to accustom, habituate, condition, inure, season (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ه‬

s.o. to s.th.), make s.o. (‫ )ه‬get used (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.) III to return (‫ه‬
‫ﻫـ‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to
s.o., to s.th.); to revert, come back, turn again, apply o.s. anew (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.),
take up again, resume (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to befall again, seize again (‫ ه‬s.o.), come
again (‫ ه‬over s.o.) IV to cause to return, bring back, take back (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th. to); to return, give back, send back (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ اﱃ‬s.o., s.th. to s.o.); to put
back, lay back (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ ﳏﻠـﻪ‬ilā maḥallihī in its place); to repeat (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., i.e., words, to s.o.); to reiterate, repeat, do again or anew, renew,
resume (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to re-establish, restore, repair (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to restore (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
to), make s.th. (‫ )ﻫـ‬once more (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to reinstate, reinstall (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.) | ‫اﻋﺎد ﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫( ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‬binā’a masjidin) to rebuild a mosque; ‫( اﻋﺎد ذﻛﺮ ت‬dikrayāt) to revive,
or reawaken, memories; ‫( اﻋـﺎد ﻃﺒـﻊ اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب‬ṭab‘a l-k.) to reprint a book; ‫ﻳﻌﻴـﺪ‬
‫( اﻟﻘـﻮل وﻳﺒـﺪأﻩ‬yu‘īdu, yabda’uhū) he keeps talking of it, he continue, to bring
up the subject; ‫ﰲ‬ ‫( اﻋـﺎد اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬naẓara) to re-examine, reinvestigate, reconsider,
1075
check, verify, revise s.th., go over s.th. or into s.th. again; ‫اﻟﺪﻋﻮى‬ ‫اﻋﺎد اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ‬
(da‘wā) to retry the case (jur.) V to get used, be accustomed, habituate o.s.
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.), make a habit (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.), be used to doing, be wont
to do (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII = V; X to recall, call back (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
reclaim, demand back (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.th. from); to regain, recover, recuperate,
reconquer, fetch back, get back, retrieve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to recall, recollect, call
back to one’s mind (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to ask s.o. (‫ )ه‬to repeat (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫‘ ﻋـﻮد‬ūd pl. ‫ اﻋـﻮاد‬a‘wād, ‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪان‬īdān wood; stick, rod, pole; branch, twig,
switch; stem, stalk; cane, reed; aloes (wood); lute (musical instrument);
body, build, physique; strength, force, intensity; pl. ‫ اﻋـﻮاد‬full intensity (e.g.,
of a disease) | ‫ ﻋـﻮد اﻟﺜﻘـﺎب‬matchstick, match; ‫ ﻋـﻮد اﻟﺼـﻠﻴﺐ‬peony (Paeonia;
bot.); ‫‘ ﻋـﻮد اﻟﻜﱪﻳـﺖ‬ūd al-kibrīt matchstick, match; ‫ رﺧـﺎوة اﻟﻌـﻮد‬rakāwat al-‘ūd
weakness of character; ‫ ﺻـﻠﺐ اﻟﻌـﻮد‬ṣulb al-‘ūd of robust physique; strongly

built, husky, sturdy; stubborn, resistant, unbending, unyielding, relentless;
‫ﺻ ــﻼﺑﺔ اﻟﻌ ــﻮد‬
Confidential
ṣalābat al-‘ūd sternness, severity, hardness, obstinacy,
stubbornness, inflexibility, relentlessness; ‫ ﻟﺪن اﻟﻌﻮد‬ladn al-‘ūd lissome, lithe,
of elastic physique; ‫ﺛﻘـﻒ ﻋـﻮدﻩ‬ (taqqafa) to train, educate s.o.; ‫ﻋﺠـﻢ ﻋــﻮدﻩ‬
(‘ūdahū) to test s.o., put s.o. to the test; ‫‘( ﻛﺴـﺮ ﻋـﻮدﻩ‬ūdahū) to break s.o.’s
power of resistance, crush s.o.’s spirit
‫‘ ﻋــﻮد‬aud return; reversion; recurrence; recidivism (jur.); repetition,
reiteration |‫ ﻓﻌﻠـﻪ ﻋـﻮدا وﺑـﺪءا‬fa'alahū ‘audan wa bad’an or ‫ﻓﻌﻠـﻪ ﻋـﻮدﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﺪﺋـﻪ‬
(‘audahū) or ‫ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﻮدا اﱃ ﺑﺪء‬he did or started it all over again
‫‘ ﻋـﻮدة‬auda return | ‫ ﺑﻌـﻮدة اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬by return mail; ‫ اﱃ ﻏـﲑ ﻋـﻮدة‬never to return
again, gone forever; good riddance! farewell forever!
‫‘ ﻋـﺎدة‬āda pl. -āt, ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺋـﺪ‬awā’id2 habit, wont, custom, usage, practice;
‘ādatan usually, customarily, ordinarily, habitually; pl. ‫ﻋﻮاﺋـﺪ‬ taxes, duties;
‫ ﻓـﻮق اﻟﻌـﺎدة‬extraordinary, unusual, uncommon; special,
charges, fees, rates |
extraordinary, emergency (e.g., meeting); ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎدﺗﻪ‬according to his habit, as
was his wont, as he used to do; ‫ ﻛﺴـﺎﺑﻖ اﻟﻌـﺎدة‬ka-sābiqi l-‘ā. as was formerly
customary, as usual; ‫( ﺟـﺮت اﻟﻌـﺎدة ب‬jarat il-‘ādatu) to be customary, usual,
1076
common or current, prevail, be a common phenomenon, be the vogue, have

become common practice; ‫ﺟـﺮت ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺎد ﻢ‬ that was their habit, that’s what
‫( اﻟﻌـﺎدة اﻟﺴـﺮﻳﺔ‬sirrīya) onanism, masturbation; ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺋـﺪ اﳉﻤـﺮك‬a.
they used to do;
al-gumruk customs duties; ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺋـﺪ ﻣﺒـﺎن‬a. mabānin house taxes; ‫ﻋﻮاﺋـﺪ اﻷﻣـﻼك‬
taxes on real state
‫‘ ﻋــﺎدي‬ādī customary, usual, common, ordinary, normal, regular;
undistinguished, run-of-the-mill; ordinary, regular (e.g., meeting, as
opposed to extraordinary, special, emergency); simple, plain, ordinary
(man); old, ancient, antique; ‫ت‬ ‫‘ ﻋﺎد‬ādīyāt antiques, antiquities
‫‘ ﻋﻴﺎد‬iyād repetition, reiteration, recurrence
‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺎدة‬iyāda visit (with a patient), doctor’s call (on a patient); -- (pl. -āt)
clinic; office (of a physician), consultation room (of a physician) | ‫ﻋﻴـﺎدة‬
‫( ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬kārijīya) policlinic; outpatient clinic
‫‘ ﻋﻮادة‬awāda pl. -āt woman lutist
‫ ﻣﻌـﺎد‬ma‘ād return; place to which one returns; (place of) destination; ‫اﳌﻌـﺎد‬
Confidential
the hereafter, the life to come | ‫واﳌﻌـﺎد‬
the all-important factor (of s.th.)
‫( اﳌﺒـﺪأ‬mabda’) the crux, (of a matter),
‫ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺪ‬ta‘wīd accustoming, habituation, conditioning, inurement (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)

‫ اﻋــﺎدة‬i‘āda giving back, handing back, sending back, return(ing);
reinstatement, reinstallment; repetition, reiteration; resumption; re-
establishment, restoration, repair | ‫اﻋــﺎد اﻟﺒﻨــﺎء‬ reconstruction; ‫اﻋـﺎدة اﳊﻘــﻮق‬
rehabilitation; ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺢ‬ ‫ اﻋﺎدة‬i. at-tasalluḥ rearmament; ‫اﻋﺎدة اﻟﺸﺆون ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬restoration of the status quo ante; ‫ اﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻳﻦ‬re-formation; ‫اﻋـﺎدة اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ ﰲ‬
(i. an-naẓar) re-examination, reinvestigation, reconsideration, revision of
s.th.; ‫اﻋــﺎدة اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ ﰲ دﻋــﻮى‬ (da‘wa) retrial of a case (jur.); ‫اﻋــﺎدة اﻟﺘﻨﻈــﻴﻢ‬
reorganization
‫ ﺗﻌﻮد‬ta‘awwud contraction of a habit, habituation
‫ اﻋﺘﻴﺎد‬i‘tiyād oontraotion of a habit, habituation
‫ اﻋﺘﻴـﺎدي‬i‘tiyādī ordinary, common; usual, customary, habitual; normal,
regular; plain, simple, ordinary (man)
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺎدة‬isti‘āda reconquest, recovery, recuperation, regaining, reclamation,
retrieval
1077
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺋــﺪ‬ā’id returning, reverting, recurrent; accruing (profit, merit);

belonging, (ap)pertaining, proper (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o., to s.th.); (pl. -ūn) returning
emigrant, re-emigrant; (pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاد‬uwwād) visitor (to a sick person); pl. ‫ﻋﺎﺋﺪات‬
revenues | ‫ح‬ ‫ ﻋﺎﺋﺪ اﻷر‬net profit, net gain
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺋﺪة‬ā’ida pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮاﺋﺪ‬awā’d2 benefit, profit, advantage, gain (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.)
‫‘ ﻋﺎﺋﺪﻳﺔ‬ā’idīya a belonging (to), a being part (of), membership
‫ ﻣﻌــﻮد‬mu‘awwad used, accustomed, habituated, conditioned, inured,
seasoned (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); wont (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.), being in the habit (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of doing
s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻌﻴــﺪ‬mu‘īd pl. -ūn repetitor, tutor, coach; assistant conducting drill
sessions (university)
‫ ﻣﻌﺎد‬ma‘ād: ‫( ﻣﻌﺎد ﺗﺼﺪﻳﺮﻩ‬taṣdīruhū) forwarded (mail)
‫ ﻣﺘﻌــﻮد‬muta‘awwid used, accustomed, habituated, conditioned, inured,
seasoned (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); wont (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.), being in the habit (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of doing
s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻌﺘﺎد‬mu‘tād used, accustomed, habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned,
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to); wont (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.), being in the habit (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of doing s.th.); usual,
customary, normal | ‫ ﻛﺎﳌﻌﺘﺎد‬as usual; ‫اﳉﺮاﺋﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﺘﺎد‬habitual criminal
‫‘ )ﻋﺎذ )ﻋﻮذ‬āda u (‘aud, ‫‘ ﻋﻴﺎذ‬iyād, ‫ ﻣﻌﺎذ‬ma‘ād) to seek the protection (‫ﻣﻦ ب‬
of s.o. from or against), take refuge (‫ ﻣـﻦ ب‬with s.o. from) | ‫ اﻋـﻮذ‬a‘ūdu
bi-llāh God forbid! God save me from that! II to protect (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. from or
against, by placing him under the wing ‫ب‬ of s.o. else); to pronounce a
charm or incantation (‫ ه‬over s.o.); to fortify (‫ ه‬s.o.) with a charm,
incantation or amulet IV = II; to place s.o. (‫ )ه‬under God’s protection, pray
to God that he guard s.o. (‫ )ه‬against s.th. V = I; X = I; to protect o.s., make
o.s. proof (‫ ب‬by means of)
‫‘ ﻋﻮذ‬aud (act of) taking refuge
‫‘ ﻋﻮذ‬awad refuge, place of refuge, retreat, asylum, sanctuary
‫‘ ﻋﻮذة‬ūda pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮذ‬uwad amulet, talisman; charm, spell, incantation
1078
‫‘ ﻋﻴﺎذ‬iyād (act or instance of) taking refuge | ‫‘ ﻋﻴﺎذ ﷲ‬iyāda llāh or ‫اﻟﻌﻴﺎذ‬
(‘iyāda) God forbid! God save (protect) me (us) from that!
‫ ﻣﻌـﺎذ‬ma‘ād (act or instance of) taking refuge; refuge, place of refuge,
retreat, asylum, sanctuary | ‫ﻣﻌـﺎذ ﷲ‬ ma‘āda llāh(i) God forbid! God save
(protect) me (us) from that!
‫ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺬ‬ta‘wīd pl. ‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻮﻳﺬ‬ta‘āwīd2 amulet, talisman; charm, spell, incantation
‫‘ ﻋـﻮر‬awira a (‘awar) to lose an eye, be or become one-eyed II to deprive
of one eye, make blind in one, eye (‫ ه‬s.o.); to damage, mar, spoil (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to gauge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬measures, weights), test the accuracy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of measures, of
weights) IV to lend, loan (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.) VI to alternate, take turns (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in
s.th.), do by turns, take alternately (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to seize, grip, befall, overcome,
(alternately, successively) (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ اﻋﺘـﻮر‬i‘tawara to befall, affect
(alternately, successively) (‫ ه‬s.o.), come (alternately, successively) (‫ ه‬over

s.o.); to shape, mold, form (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., said of heterogeneous influences or
Confidential
factors); to stand in the way of (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, hinder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to borrow (‫ﻫ ـ‬
from)
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.
‫‘ ﻋـﻮرة‬aura defectiveness, faultiness, deficiency, imperfection; -- (pl. -āt)

pudendum, genitals; weakness, weak spot
‫‘ ﻋﻮار‬awār, ‘iwār fault, blemish, defect, flaw, imperfection
‫‘ ﻋﻮار‬uwwār a variety of swallow
‫‘ ﻋﲑ‬īra (eg.) false, artificial (teeth, hair)
‫ اﻋـﻮر‬a‘war2, f. ‫‘ ﻋـﻮراء‬aurā’2, pl. ‫‘ ﻋـﻮر‬ūr one-eyed | ‫( اﳌﻌـﻲ اﻷﻋـﻮر‬ma‘y)
caecum, blind gut
‫ اﻋﺎرة‬i‘āra lending
‫ اﻋﺎري‬i‘ārī: ‫( ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ اﻋﺎرﻳﺔ‬maktaba) lending library, circulating library
‫ ﺗﻌﺎور‬ta‘āwur alternation, variation, fluctuation
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺎرة‬isti‘āra borrowing; metaphor
‫ اﺳﺘﻌﺎري‬isti‘ārī metaphorical, figurative
‫‘ ﻋﺎرﻳﺔ‬āriya or ‘ārīya pl. ‫‘ ﻋﻮر‬awārin s.th. borrowed, borrowing; loan
‫ ﻣﻌﲑ‬mu‘īr lender
‫ ﻣﻌﺎر‬mu‘ār lent, loaned
1079
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﲑ‬musta‘īr borrower
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻌﺎر‬musta‘ār borrowed; used metaphorically or figuratively; false,
artificial (e.g., hair) | ‫( اﺳﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺎر‬ism) pseudonym; ‫ وﺟﻮﻩ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺎر‬masked faces;
hypocrites
2‫‘ ﻋﺎر‬ārin see ‫ﻋﺮى‬
‫‘ ﻋـﻮز‬awiza a (‘awaz) to be or become poor, needy, destitute; -- ‫‘ ﻋـﺎز‬āza u

(‘auz) to need, require (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be in want or need (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) IV ‫اﻋـﻮز‬
a‘waza to be or become poor, needy, destitute | ‫اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ ‫( اﻋـﻮزﻩ‬šai’u) he lacked
the thing, he needed it, he was in want of it
‫‘ ﻋـﻮز‬awaz lack, need, want, necessity, exigency; poverty, neediness,
destitution, indigence, penury
‫‘ ﻋﻮز‬awiz poor, needy, destitute, necessitous, indigent
‫‘ ﻋﺎزة‬āza lack, need, want, necessity, exigency; poverty, poorness
‫ اﻋﻮز‬a‘waz2 poor, needy, destitute, indigent, necessitous
Confidential
1080
‫غ‬
‫ ﻏﺎ ﱐ‬gābānī cashmere, a soft twilled fabric
‫ ﻏﺎر‬see ‫ﻏﻮر‬
‫ ﻏـﺎز‬gāz pl. -āt gas; petroleum, oil (magr.) | ‫( اﻟﻐـﺎزات اﻟﺴـﺎﻣﺔ‬sāmma) the
poison gases
‫ ﻏﺎزي‬gāzī gaseous, gaslike | ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻏﺎزﻳﺔ‬carbonated water, mineral water
‫( ﻏﺎزوزة‬It. gasosa) gāzūza soda water
1‫ ﻏﺎل‬gāl pl. -āt padlock
2‫ اﻟﻐﺎل‬al-gāl Gaul (country)
‫ ﻏﺎﱄ‬gālī Gallic; (pl. -ūn) a Gaul
‫ ﻏﺎﻧﺔ‬gāna2, ‫ ﻏﺎ‬Ghana
1‫ ﻏﺐ‬to attack every other day (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., of fever)
‫ ﻏـﺐ‬gibb end, outcome, upshot, issue, effect, result, consequence; gibba
(prep.) after | ‫ﻏﺒﺎ‬ ‫ زارﻩ‬zarahū gibban to visit s.o. at intervals; ‫ ﲪـﻰ اﻟﻐـﺐ‬ḥummā
Confidential
l-g. tertian fever
‫ ﻏﺒﺐ‬gabab pl. ‫ اﻏﺒﺎب‬agbāb dewlap (of bovines), wattle
‫ ﻣﻐﺒــﺔ‬magabba pl. -āt end, outcome, upshot, issue, effect, result,
consequence
2 ‫ﻏـﺐ‬gabba u (= ‫‘ ﻋـﺐ‬abba u) to gulp down, pour down, toss down, drink
avidly (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻏﺒﺔ‬gubba swallow, gulp, draught
‫ ﻏـﱪ‬gabara u (‫ ﻏﺒـﻮر‬gubūr) to go by, elapse, pass; to be past, elapsed,
bygone II to soil, or cover, with dust (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to raise dust | ‫ﻏـﱪ ﰲ‬
‫( وﺟﻬـﻪ‬wajhihī) to surpass, outstrip, outdo s.o., be superior to s.o. IV = II; V
to be dust-covered, be or become dusty IX to be dust-colored
‫ ﻏﱪ‬gabir recrudescent, reopening (wound)
‫ ﻏﱪة‬guhra dust color
‫ ﻏﱪة‬gabara dust
‫ ﻏﺒـﺎر‬gubār dust; (pl. ‫ اﻏـﱪة‬agbira) dust cloud | ‫( ﻻ ﻏﺒـﺎر ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬gubāra) clear,
plain, distinct; unobjectionable, incontestable; blameless, irreproachable,
faultless, impeccable (morally); ‫ﻣـﺎ ﺷـﻖ ﻏﺒـﺎرﻩ‬ mā šaqqa gubārahū he never
1081
quite attained his (another’s) eminence, he did not measure up to him; ‫ﻻ ﻳﺸﻖ‬
‫ ﻏﺒﺎرﻩ‬lā yušaqqu gubāruhū or ‫( ﻻ ﻳﺸﻖ ﻟـﻪ ﻏﺒـﺎر‬yušaqqu) he is unsurpassable, he
is unequaled; unsurpassable, unequaled, unrivaled, peerless, incomparable;
‫( ﺟﺮى ﰲ ﻏﺒﺎرﻩ‬jarā) to follow s.o. loyally
‫ اﻏﱪ‬agbar2, f. ‫ ﻏﱪاء‬gabrā’2, pl. ‫ ﻏﱪ‬gubr dust-colored; dust-covered, dusty;
‫ اﻷﻏﱪ‬the earth, the ground; ‫ اﻟﻐﱪاء‬the Earth
‫ اﻏﱪار‬igbirār grudge, rancor, resentment (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬toward)
‫ ﻏﺎﺑﺮ‬gābir pl. ‫ ﻏﺎﺑﺮ‬gawābir2 bygone, past, elapsed; the past | ‫ اﻷزﻣﺎن اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺮة‬or
‫ اﻟﻘﺪﱘ اﻟﻐﺎﺑﺮ‬old times, ancient times
‫ ﻏـﺒﺶ‬gabaš pl. ‫ اﻏﺒـﺎش‬agbāš darkness, dark, duskiness; the twilight before
sunrise, last shadows of the night
‫ ﻏﺒﺶ‬gabiš dark (night); opaque, not transparent
‫ ﻏﺒﺸﺔ‬gabša twilight (of dawn)
‫ اﻏـﺒﺶ‬agbaš 2, f. ‫ ﻏﺒﺸـﺎء‬gabšā’, pl. ‫ ﻏـﺒﺶ‬gubš dark (night); opaque, not
Confidential
transparent
‫ ﻏﺒﺎﺷﺔ‬gabāša weakness of the eyes, asthenopia
‫ ﻏﺒﻂ‬gabaṭa i (gabṭ) to envy (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ه‬s.o. s.th. or for s.th.); pass. gubiṭa to be
happy II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) envious; to deem (‫ ه‬s.o.) fortunate, call (‫ ه‬s.o.)
happy VIII to be glad, be delighted, rejoice, exult, be jubilant (‫ ب‬at,

about), be elated (‫ ب‬by); to be happy (‫ ب‬about); to be pleased, be satisfied
(‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻏﺒﻄﺔ‬gabṭa state of happiness, happiness, exultation, delight, rapture, bliss,
felicity; beatitude; title of the Patriarch (Copt.-Chr.) ‫اﻟﻐﺒﻄـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ‬do.; ‫ﻛـﺎن‬
‫( ﻣﻜﺎن ﻏﺒﻄﺔ‬maḥalla g.) to be in an enviable position
‫ اﻏﺘﺒــﺎط‬igtibāṭ joy, delight, rejoicing, exultation, triumph, jubilation;
happiness, contentedness, satisfaction, gratification, pleasure
‫ ﻣﻐﺒـﻮط‬magbūṭ in an enviable position, happy, lucky, fortunate; blessed,
beatified, canonized (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﻐﺘـﺒﻂ‬mugtabiṭ glad, happy, delighted (‫ ب‬at), pleased, satisfied (‫ ب‬with),
gratified (‫ ب‬by)
1082
1‫ ﻏﱭ‬gabana i (gabn) to cheat, dupe, gull, defraud, overreach (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.o. in),
impose (‫ ﰲ‬upon s.o. in)
‫ ﻏــﱭ‬gabn, gubn pl. ‫ ﻏﺒــﻮن‬gubūn fraud, deceit, imposture, swindle;
defraudation, cheating, duping; damage, wrong, prejudice | ‫ﻏــﱭ ﻓــﺎﺣﺶ‬
criminal fraud (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻏﱭ‬gaban stupidity
‫ ﺗﻐــﺎﺑﻦ‬tagābun mutual cheating | ‫ ﻳــﻮم اﻟﺘﻐــﺎﺑﻦ‬yaum at-t. the Day of
Resurrection
‫ ﻣﻐﺒـﻮن‬magbūn deceived, defrauded, cheated, gulled, duped; prejudiced,
wronged, injured | ‫اﳌﻐﺒـﻮن‬ ‫ رﺟـﻊ ﺑﺼـﻔﻘﺔ‬or. ‫( ﻋـﺎد‬bi-ṣafqati l-m.) to return empty-
handed; to lose the game
2 ‫ ﻏﺒﺎﱐ‬gabānī and ‫ﱐ‬ ‫ ﻏﺎ‬gābānī cashmere, a soft twilled fabric
(‫ ﻏﺒـﻮ‬and ‫ )ﻏـﱯ‬gahiya a (‫ ﻏﺒـﺎوة‬gabāwa) not to comprehend (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
have no knowledge, be ignorant (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬or ‫ﻫـ‬ of s.th.); to be unknown,

unfamiliar (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.) VI to be unaware (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﻏﱯ‬gabīy pl. ‫ اﻏﺒﻴﺎء‬agbiyā’2 unwise, unjudicious, ignorant, foolish, stupid;
dolt, numbskull, ignoramus
‫ ﻏﺒﺎء‬gabā’ ignorance, foolishness, stupidity
‫ ﻏﺒﺎوة‬gabāwa ignorance, foolishness, stupidity
‫ ﻏﺒﻮة‬gabwa riddle, puzzle
‫ اﻏﱮ‬agbā stupider, more foolish, more simple-minded
‫ ﻏﺖ‬gatta u (gatt) to press, choke, throttle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to dip, plunge, immerse
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. in) | ‫( ﻏـﺖ اﻟﻀـﺤﻚ‬ḍaḥika) to suppress one’s laughter, bite
one’s lip
‫ ﻏـﺚ‬gatta i a (‫ ﻏﺜﺎﺛـﺔ‬gatāta, ‫ ﻏﺜﻮﺛـﺔ‬gutūta) to be or become lean, meager; --
gatta i (gatt, ‫ ﻏﺜﻴﺚ‬gatīt) to feater, suppurate, discharge pus (wound)
‫ ﻏﺚ‬gatt lean, thin, scrawny; meager, scanty, poor, wretched
‫ ﻏﺜﻴﺚ‬gatīt lean, thin, scrawny; pus, matter
‫ ﻏﺜﺎﺛﺔ‬gatāta leanness, thinness, scrawniness
1083
‫ ﻏﺜـﻲ‬gatā i to confuse, muddle, jumble, garble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- ‫ ﻏﺜـﺖ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬gatat

nafsuhū (gaty, ‫ ﻏﺜﻴـﺎن‬gatayān) and ‫( ﻏﺜﻴـﺖ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬gatiyat) to feel like vomiting,
feel sick, be indisposed
‫ ﻏﺜﻲ‬gaty nausea, qualmishness, sickness; indisposition
‫ ﻏﺜﻴﺎن‬gatayān nausea, qualmishness, sickness; indisposition
‫ ﻏﺜﺎء‬gutā’ scum
‫( ﻏﺠﺮ‬eg.) to scold, use abusive language, curse, swear
‫ ﻏﺠﺮي‬gajarī pl. ‫ ﻏﺠﺮ‬gajar gipsy
‫ ﺗﻐﺠﲑ‬tagjīr scolding, cursing, abusive language
‫ ﻏﺪ‬see ‫ﻏﺪو‬
‫ ﻏﺪد‬gadad cattle epidemic
‫ ﻏـﺪة‬gudda pl. ‫ ﻏـﺪد‬gudad gland | ‫( اﻟﻐـﺪة اﻟﺪرﻗﻴـﺔ‬daraqīya) thyroid gland; ‫ﻏـﺪة‬
‫ﺻـﻤﺎء‬ (ṣammā) endocrine (or ductless) gland; ‫اﻟﻐـﺪة اﻟﺼـﻨﻮﺑﺮﻳﺔ‬ (ṣanaubarīya)
pineal gland; ‫اﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫( اﻟﻐﺪة‬nakfīya) parotid gland
Confidential
‫ ﻏﺪدي‬gudadī glandular
‫ ﻏـﺪر‬gadara i u (gadr) to act treacherously, perfidiously (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬
toward s.o.), doublecross, deceive, betray, delude (‫ ب‬or
(‫ه‬
‫ ه‬s.o.) III to leave
,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬place for), depart (‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬from a place to)
‫ ﻏﺪر‬gadr perfidy, breach of faith, betrayal, treason, treachery
‫ ﻏـﺪﻳﺮ‬gadīr pl. ‫ ﻏـﺪر‬gudur, ‫ ﻏـﺪران‬gudrān pond, pool, puddle; stream, brook,
creek, river
‫ ﻏﺪﻳﺮة‬gadīra pl. ‫ ﻏﺪاﺋﺮ‬gadā’ir2 queue, pigtail, braid, plait, tress (of hair)
‫ ﻏـﺪار‬gaddār perfidious, disloyal, treacherous, traitorous; false, faithless,
deceitful
‫ ﻏـﺪارة‬gaddāra pl. -āt pistol | ‫( ﻏـﺪارة ﺳـﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﻄﻠـﻖ‬s. aṭ-ṭalq) submachine gun,
Tommy gun
‫ ﻏﺎدر‬gādir perfidious, disloyal, treacherous; false, faithless, deceitful
‫ ﻏﺪﻓﺔ‬gudfa pl. ‫ ﻏﺪف‬gudaf headcloth, kerchief
‫ ﻏﺪاف‬gudaf raven
1084
‫ ﻏﺪق‬gadiqa a (gadaq) to be copious, be heavy, pour down (rain) IV = I; to

give bountifully (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.), shower, load (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. with s.th.), bestow
liberally (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬upon s.o. s.th.)
‫ ﻏﺪق‬gadiq copious, abundant (water, rain)
‫ ﻣﻐﺪق‬mugdiq copious, abundant (water, rain)
‫ ﻏﺪن‬XII igdaudana to grow long and luxuriantly (hair)
‫ ﻏﺪن‬gadan languor, lassitude, flaccidity, limpness
‫ ﻏﺪﻧﺔ‬gudna languor, lassitude, flaccidity, limpness
‫ ﻏﺪان‬gidān clothes peg
‫ ﻣﻐﺪودن‬mugdaudin luxuriant, flowing, long (hair)
‫ )ﻏـﺪا )ﻏـﺪو‬gadā u (gudūw, gadw, ‫ ﻏـﺪوة‬gadwa) to go (away), leave, come,
do, or be, early in the morning; to run; to become (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), grow, turn (‫ﻫ ـ‬
into), come to be (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻏـﺪا وراح‬wa-rāḥa) to go back and forth, walk to
and fro; to come and go; -- ‫ ﻏـﺪي‬gadiya a (‫ ﻏـﺪا‬gadan) to breakfast, have
Confidential
breakfast II to give breakfast (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to give lunch (‫ ه‬to s.o.) III to go
early in the morning (‫ ه‬to s.o.) | ‫ ﻳﺮاوﺣﻬـﺎ وﻳﻐﺎدﻳﻬـﺎ‬yurāwiḥuhā wa-yugādīhā he
calls on her time and again or constantly V to breakfast, have breakfast; to
lunch, have lunch
‫ ﻏـﺪ‬gad the morrow, the following day; ‫ ﻏـﺪا‬gadan tomorrow; on a future
day, sometime in the future | ‫ﻏـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬,‫ ﰲ ﻏـﺪ‬on the following day, tomorrow;
‫ﰲ اﻟﻐـﺪ‬ do.; on a future day, sometime in the future; ‫ ﺑﻌــﺪ ﻏــﺪ‬day after
tomorrow; ‫ﻏﺪ‬ ‫ ﰲ ذات‬see ‫ذات‬
‫ ﻏﺪاء‬gadā’ pl. ‫ اﻏﺪﻳﺔ‬agdiya breakfast; lunch
‫ ﻏﺪاة‬gadāh pl. ‫ ﻏﺪوات‬gadawāt early morning; ‫ اﻟﻐﺪاة‬al-gadāta this morning
‫ ﻏﺪوة‬gudwa pl. ‫ ﻏﺪى‬gudan early morning
‫ ﻏـﺪوة‬gadwa pl. gadawat lunch; morning errand; ‫( ﻏﺪواﺗـﻪ وروﺣﺎﺗـﻪ‬rauḥātuhū)
all his goings, his coming and going
‫ ﻣﻐـﺪى‬magdan place to which one goes in the morning | ‫( ﻣﻐـﺪى وﻣـﺮاح‬wa-
marāḥ) an ever frequented place, an aspired goal
1085
‫ ﻏـﺪ‬gadda i (gadd) to fester, suppurate (wound) IV do.; to hasten, speed,

make forced marches | ‫اﻟﺴﲑ‬ (‫( اﻏﺪ )ﰲ‬sair) to ran fast, hasten, hurry, speed
‫ )ﻏـﺬا )ﻏـﺬو‬gadā u (gadw) to feed (‫ ه ب‬s.o. s.th.), nourish, nurture (‫ه ب‬
s.o. with) II to feed (‫ ب ه‬s.o. s.th.), nourish, nurture (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to
provide, supply, furnish, sustain (‫ ه‬,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th. with), feed, charge,
replenish (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ب‬s.th. with) V to be fed (‫ ب‬s.th.), be nourished, be nurtured
(‫ ب‬with); to feed, live (‫ ب‬on); to be supplied, be provided, be furnished, be
fed (‫ ب‬with, e.g., with electric power) VIII to be fed, be nourished, be
nurtured
‫ ﻏﺬو‬gadw feeding, nourishment, alimentation, nutrition, nurture
‫ ﻏـﺬاء‬gidā’ pl. ‫ اﻏﺬﻳـﺔ‬agdiya nourishment, nutriment, nutrition, nurture,
food; pl. foodstuffs, victuals, food
‫ ﻏـﺬاﺋﻲ‬gidā’ī alimental, alimentary, nutritional, nutritious, nutritive | ‫ﻣـﻮاد‬
‫( ﻏﺬاﺋﻴﺔ‬mawādd) foodstuffs, victuals, food, nutritive substances
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻐﺬﻳـﺔ‬tagdiya feeding (also techn.), nourishment, alimentation, nutrition,
provisioning, supply, input, charging (e.g., of an electric battery)
‫ ﻏـﺮ‬garra u (‫ ﻏـﺮور‬gurūr) to mislead, deceive, beguile (‫ ب‬s.o.); to delude,
gull, dazzle, blind (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to deceive, beguile (‫ ب‬s.o.); to delude, gull,
dazzle, blind (‫ ب‬s.o.); to entice, allure, tempt, seduce (‫ ب‬s.o.); to expose to

danger, endanger, imperil (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.), risk, jeopardize, hazard (‫ ب‬s.th.) |
‫ ﻏﺮر ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬to expose o.s. to danger, risk one’s life VIII to be dazzled, blinded,
fooled, deluded, misled, let o.s. be deceived (‫ ب‬by), be mistaken (‫ ب‬in,
about); to be or become overweening or conceited X to come unexpectedly
(‫ ه‬to s.o.), surprise (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻏﺮ‬garr (cutting) edge of a sword
‫ ﻏـﺮ‬girr pl. ‫ اﻏـﺮار‬agrār inexperienced, gullible, new, green; a greenhorn;
inattentive, inadvertent, heedless
‫ ﻏـﺮة‬gurra pl. ‫ ﻏـﺮر‬gurar white spot on a horse’s face, blaze; the best, the
finest, the prime (of s.th.); highlight | ‫اﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‬ ‫ ﻏـﺮة‬g. aš-šahr the first day of the
month; ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ ﰲ ﻏﺮة‬at the beginning of the year
1086
‫ ﻏ ــﺮة‬garra inadvertency, heedlessness, inattentiveness, inattention;

unguarded moment, moment of inadvertence | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﺮة‬or ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﲔ ﻏـﺮة‬ḥīni
g.) unexpectedly, unawares, inadvertently, surprisingly; ‫اﺧـﺬ ﻋﻠـﻰ )ﺣـﲔ( ﻏـﺮة‬
(ukida) to be surprised, be taken by surprise, be caught unawares
‫ ﻏﺮر‬garar risk, hazard, jeopardy, danger, peril
‫ ﻏــﺮور‬gurūr deception; delusion, illusion;: conceit, overweeningness,
snobbery, vanities, trifles, banalities; danger, peril | ‫اﻟﻐــﺮور ﺑﻨﻔﺴــﻪ‬ self-
deception, self-delusion
‫ ﻏﺮور‬garūr deceptive, delusive, fallacious, illusory
‫ ﻏﺮﻳـﺮ‬garīr deceived, misled, tempted; (pl. also ‫ اﻏـﺮاء‬agirra, ‫ اﻏـﺮة‬agirra)
inexperienced, naive, ingenuous, gullible
‫ ﻏـﺮار‬girār (cutting) edge of a sword; ‫ ﻏـﺮارا‬girāran in a hurry, hastily | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ ﻏـﺮار‬in a hurry, hastily; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ )ﻣـﻦ( ﻏـﺮار‬... like …, similar to …, in the manner
of ..., after the pattern of ...; ‫اﻟﻐـﺮار‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺬا‬in this manner; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﺮار واﺣـﺪ‬after
one pattern, in the same manner, likewise, alike
Confidential
‫ ﻏﺮار‬garrār deceptive, delusive, fallacious
‫ ﻏـﺮارة‬garāra inconsiderateness, thoughtlessness, beedlessness | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﺮارة‬in
the manner of ..., after the pattern of ...
‫ ﻏﺮارة‬girāra pl. ‫ ﻏﺮاﺋﺮ‬garā’ir2 sack (for straw or grain)
‫ اﻏـﺮ‬agar2, f. ‫ ﻏـﺮاء‬garrā’2, pl. ‫ ﻏـﺮ‬gurr having a blaze (horse); beautiful,
handsome; magnanimous, generous; noble; esteemed, honorable (esp. as a
complimentary epithet following the name of a newspaper) | ‫اﻏــﺮ ﳏﺠــﻞ‬
(muḥajjal) unique, singular
‫ ﻣﻐـﺮور‬magrūr deceived, fooled, misled, tempted; deluded, dazzled, blind;
vain, conceited, overweening, snobbish
‫ ﻏﺮام‬grām pl. -āt gram(me)
‫ ﻏـﺮب‬garaba u (garb) to go away, depart, absent o.s., withdraw (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from),
leave (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.); -- garaba u (‫ ﻏـﺮوب‬gurūb) to set (sun, etc.); -- garuba u
(‫ ﻏﺮاﺑـﺔ‬garāba) to be a stranger; to be strange, odd, queer, obscure, abstruse,
difficult to comprehend | ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻐـﺮب ﻋﻨـﻚ ان‬you will not have failed to notice
that ..., you are, no doubt, aware (of the fact) that ..., you know very well
that … II to go away, leave, depart, absent o.s.; to go westward; to expel
from the homeland, banish, exile, expatriate (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ﻏـﺮب وﺷــﺮق‬ (wa-
1087
šarraqa) to get around in the world, see the world IV to say or do a strange
or amazing thing; to exceed the proper bounds (‫ ﰲ‬in), overdo, exaggerate (‫ﰲ‬
s.th.) | ‫اﻟﻀـﺤﻚ‬ ‫( اﻏـﺮب ﰲ‬ḍaḥik) to laugh noisily or heartily, guffaw V to go to
a foreign country, emigrate; to be (far) away from one’s homeland; to
become an occidental, become Westernized, be Europeanized; to emigrate
o.s., to the Western way of life VIII to go to a foreign country, emigrate; to
be (far) away from one’s homeland X to find (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) strange, odd, queer,
unusual; to deem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) absurd, preposterous, grotesque; to disapprove (‫ﻫ ـ‬
of s.th.); to become an occidental, Westernized, be Europeanized; to
assimilate o.s. to the Western way of life | ‫اﻟﻀﺤﻚ‬ ‫( اﺳﺘﻐﺮب ﰲ‬ḍaḥik) to laugh
noisily or heartily, guffaw
‫ ﻏ ــﺮب‬garb west; occident; vehemence, violence, impetuosity,
tempestuousness; ‫ اﻟﻐــﺮب‬the West, the Occident; ‫ ﻏــﺮ‬garban Westward,
toward the West | ‫ ﻓـﻞ ﻏﺮﺑـﻪ‬falla garbahū to subdue s.o., put a damper on s.o.;
‫ ﻏﺮ ﲜﻨﻮب‬garban bi-janūbin southwestward, toward the southwest
‫ ﻏــﺮﰊ‬garbī western, westerly; occidental, Western; European; an
Confidential
Occidental, a Westerner; ‫ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﻮن‬al-garbīyūn the Western Church (Chr.)
‫ ﻏﺮﺑـﺔ‬gurba absence from the homeland; separation from one’s native
country, banishment, exile; life, or place, away from home
‫ ﻏـﺮاب‬gurāb pl. ‫( ﻏـﺮ ن‬girbān, ‫ اﻏـﺮب‬agrub, ‫ اﻏﺮﺑـﺔ‬agriba crow; raven; --
occiput; blade (esp. of a hatchet)
‫ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ‬garīb pl. ‫ ﻏﺮ ء‬gurabā’2 strange, foreign, alien, extraneous (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ﻋﻦ‬
to s.o.); strange, odd, queer, quaint, unusual, extraordinary, curious,
remarkable, peculiar; amazing, astonishing, baffling, startling, wondrous,
marvelous; grotesque; difficult to understand, abstruse, obscure (language);
remote, outlandish, rare, uncommon (word); (pl. also ‫ اﻏـﺮب‬agrab) stranger,
foreigner, alien; pl. ‫اﻏـﺮاب‬ those living abroad, those away from home,
emigrés | ‫ﻏﺮﻳـﺐ اﻷﻃـﻮار‬ whimsical, capricious, eccentric, cranky; ‫ﻣـﺎدة ﻏﺮﻳﺒـﺔ‬
(mādda) foreign body, extraneous substance
‫ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬garība pl. ‫ ﻏﺮاﺋﺐ‬garā’ib2 peculiarity; a strange, striking thing, oddity,
curiosity, marvel, prodigy, wonder
‫ ﻏﺮوب‬gurūb setting (of the sun of a star)
‫ ﻏﺮاﺑـﺔ‬garāba strangeness, curiousness; oddness, queerness, singularity,
peculiarity
1088
‫ اﻏﺮب‬agrab2 stranger, more alien; odder, queerer, more unusual

‫ ﻣﻐـﺮب‬magrib pl. ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎرب‬magārib2 place or time of sunset; west, occident;
(f.) prayer at sunset (Isl. Law); ‫اﳌﻐـﺮب‬ Maghrib, northwest Africa | ‫ﻣﻐـﺮب‬
‫اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ‬ m. aš-šams time of sunset, sunset; ‫ﺑـﻼد اﳌﻐـﺮب‬ Maghrib, northwest
Africa; ‫وﺷـﺎرق اﻷرض وﻣﻐﺮ ـﺎ‬ (m. al-arḍ) the entire world; ‫اﳌﺸـﺮﻗﺎن واﳌﻐـﺮ ن‬ al-
mašriqān wa-l-m do.; ‫ﰲ اﳌﻐـﺮﺑﲔ واﳌﺸـﺮﻗﲔ‬ all over the world, throughout the
world
‫ ﻣﻐـﺮﰊ‬magribī North African, Maghribi; (pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﺎرﺑــﺔ‬magāriba) a North
African, a Maghribi
‫ ﻣﻐﺮﺑﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺗﻐﺮﻳﺐ‬tagrīb banishment, expatriation
‫ ﺗﻐــﺮب‬tagarrub separation from one’s native country; emigration;
Europeanism, Occidentalism, Westernism
‫ اﻏ ـﱰاب‬igtirāb separation from one’s native country; emigration;
Europeanism, Occidentalism, Westernism
‫ اﺳﺘﻐﺮاب‬istigrāb wonder, surprise, astonishment, amazement, perplexity
Confidential
‫ ﻏـﺎرب‬gārib pl. ‫ ﻏـﻮارب‬gawārib2 withers (of the camel, of the horse); pl.
wave crests | ‫ﻏﺎرﺑـﻪ‬
or to s.th.
‫( ﺗـﺮك )اﻟﻘـﻰ( ﺣﺒﻠـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬alqā ḥablahū) to give free rein to s.o.
‫ ﻣﻐﺮب‬mugarrab expatriated, exiled, banished; expatriate, exile

‫ ﻣﻐﱰب‬muglarib stranger, foreigner, alien; living away from home
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮب‬mustagrib Europeanized, Westernized
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻐﺮب‬mustagrab strange, odd, queer, quaint, unusual, extraordinary,
curious, peculiar
‫ ﻏﺮﺑﻞ‬garbala (‫ ﻏﺮﺑﻞ‬garbala) to sieve, sift, riddle (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻏﺮ ل‬girbill pl. .kI pri‫ل‬bll' sieve
‫ ﻏﺮاﺑﻠﻲ‬garābilī pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻏﺮاﺑﻠﻴﺔ‬garābilīya sieve maker, sieve merchant
‫ ﻏﺮد‬garida a (garad) to sing, twitter (bird), warble II and V = I
‫ ﻏﺮد‬garad singing, song, twitter(ing), warbling (of a bird)
‫ ﻏﺮد‬gurd pl. ‫ ﻏﺮود‬gurūd dune, shifting dune
‫ ﻏﺮﻳﺪ‬girrīd singing, twittering, warbling (bird)
1089
‫ اﻏﺮودة‬ugrūda pl. ‫ اﻏﺎرﻳﺪ‬agārid2 twittering, warbling, song (of birds)

‫ ﺗﻐﺮﻳﺪ‬tagrīd singing, song, twitter(ing), warbling
‫ ﻣﻐﺮد‬mugarrid singing, twittering, warbling (bird) | ‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻐﺮد‬songbird
‫ ﻏﺮز‬garaza i (garz) to prick (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with, e.g., with a needle); to thrush,
plunge, insert, stick, stab, ram, push, bore (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.th. into); to plant, implant
(‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ل‬s.th. in) II to throat, plunge, insert, stick, stab, ram, push, bore (‫ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. into) IV = II; V to penetrate deeply (‫ ﰲ‬into), pierce (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to be
inserted, be stuck (‫ ﰲ‬into) VII to bore, penetrate (‫ ﰲ‬into), pierce (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to
sink (‫ ﰲ‬into) VIII to penetrate deeply (‫ ﰲ‬into), pierce (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to be
inserted, be stuck (‫ ﰲ‬into) | ‫اﻟﺴـﲑ‬ ‫( اﻏـﱰز‬saira) (he put his foot in the stirrup,
ready to depart=) his departure was imminent
‫ ﻏﺮز‬garz leather stirrup
‫ ﻏﺮزة‬gurza pl. ‫ ﻏﺮز‬guraz stitch
‫ ﻏﺮﻳـﺰة‬garīza pl. ‫ ﻏﺮاﺋـﺰ‬garā’iz2 nature, natural disposition; natural impulse,
Confidential
instinct
‫ ﻏﺮﻳﺰي‬garīzī natural, native, innate, inborn; instinctive
‫ ﻣﻐﺮز‬magraz pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﺎرز‬magāriz2 (eg.) prank, practical joke
‫ ﻏﺮس‬garasa i (gars) to plant, implant (‫ ﰲ ﻫـ‬s.th. in); to place, put, set, infix,
interpose, interpolate, insert (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.th. into) IV to plant, implant (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VII
to be planted, be implanted; to sink in
‫ ﻏـﺮس‬gars planted; (pl. ‫ اﻏـﺮاس‬agrās, ‫ ﻏـﺮاس‬girās) plant, layer, cion, nursery
plant, seedling
‫ ﻏﺮس‬girs pl. ‫ اﻏﺮاس‬agrās plant, layer, cion, nursery plant, seedling
‫ ﻏﺮﺳﺔ‬girsa plant
‫ ﻏﺮاس‬girās plant; planting time
‫ ﻏﺮاﺳﺔ‬girāsa cultivation, growing, raising | ‫ )ﻏﺮاﺳﺔ اﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮن )اﻟـﺰ ﺗﲔ‬g. az-zaitūn
olive growing; ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺐ‬ ‫ ﻏﺮاﺳﺔ‬g. al-‘inab wine growing; viticulture
‫ ﻏﺮﻳﺴـﺔ‬garīsa pl. ‫ ﻏـﺮاﺋﺲ‬garā’is2 ‫ ﻏـﺮاس‬girās nursery plant, layer, cion,
seedling
‫ ﻣﻐﺮس‬magris pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﺎرس‬magāris2 place where s.th. is infixed, interposed or
inserted; nursery, plantation, bed
1090
‫ ﻣﻐﺎرﺳـﺔ‬mugārasa pl. -āt a contract for the lease of an orchard providing

that the lessee, who undertakes to cultivate the orchard, will become owner
of one half of it after the orchard has yielded profit (Tun.)
‫ ﻣﻐﺎرﺳﻰ‬mugārisī pl. -ūn one who concludes a mugārasa (q.v.) (Tun.)
‫ ﻏﺮش‬girš, gurš pl. ‫ ﻏﺮوش‬gurūš piaster | ‫ ﻏﺮش ﺻﺎغ‬standard piaster
‫ ﻏـﺮض‬IV ‫( اﻏـﺮض اﻟﻐـﺮض‬garaḍa) to attain the goal V to take sides, be partial,
have a predilection, have a bias (‫ ل‬for)
‫ ﻏـﺮض‬garaḍ pl. ‫ اﻏـﺮاض‬agrāḍ target, aim, goal, objective, object; intention,
design, purpose; object of desire; (personal, selfish) interest; inclination,
tendency, propensity; bias, prejudice; pl. ‫( اﻏـﺮاض‬syr.) articles of everyday
use, things, objects, stuff, odds and ends
‫ ﻏﺮﺿــﻲ‬garaḍī tendeney- (in compounds), marked by directional, or
purposive, presentation
‫ ﻏﺮﻳﺾ‬garīḍ pl. ‫ اﻏﺎرﻳﺾ‬agārīḍ2 fresh, tender
‫ ﺗﻐﺮض‬tagarruḍ prejudice, bias; tendentious attitude
‫ ﻣﻐـﺮض‬mugriḍ partial, biased, tendentious; -- (pl. -ūn) partial person;
Confidential
biased person; person guided by personal interests
‫ ﻏﺮﻏـﺮ‬gargara (‫ ﻏﺮﻏـﺮة‬gargara) to gargle; to gurgle; to simmer, bubble (pot)
II tagargara to gargle; to gurgle |
eyes were bathed in tears
‫‘( ﺗﻐﺮﻏـﺮت ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ ﻟـﺪﻣﻊ‬ainuhū bi-d-dam‘) his
‫ ﻏﺮﻏﺮ‬girgir (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬guinea fowl

‫ ﻏﺮﻏﺮة‬gargara gargling, gargle, gurgle
‫ ﻏـﺮف‬garafa i u (garf) to ladle, spoon, scoop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to ladle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬food)
from a cooking pot, and the like, (into a howl) for serving; to serve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
meal) VIII to ladle, scoop (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th. from or out of)

‫ ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ‬gurfa pl. ‫ ﻏـﺮاف‬girāf the amount of water scooped up with one hand;
handful; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ ﻏﺮف‬guraf) upstairs room, room on an upper floor; room;
chamber (= room; as a public body of administration, etc.); cabinet;
compartment, ward | ‫ ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ‬g. al-akl dining room; ‫ ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳـﺔ‬or ‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓـﺔ اﻟﺘﺠـﺎري‬
chamber of commerce; ‫ ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ اﻟﺴـﻔﺮة‬g. as-sufra dining room; ‫ ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎدة‬bridge
(naut.); ‫ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻨﻮم‬g. an-naum bedroom
1091
‫ ﻏـﺮاف‬garraf pl. ‫ ﻏﺮارﻳـﻒ‬garārīf2 (syr.) a water wheel turned by oxen or

horses and used for raising irrigation water from a river onto the fields
‫ ﻣﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬migrafa pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﺎرف‬magārif2 large spoon, ladle, scoop
‫ ﻏــﺮق‬gariqa a (garaq) to plunge, dive, become immersed, immerge,
become submersed, submerge, sink, founder (‫ ﰲ‬in); to go under, be
drowned (‫ ﰲ‬in); to be immersed, be engrossed, be absorbed (‫ ﰲ‬in); to be
wholly engaged, be loot (‫ ﰲ‬in), be completely taken up (‫ ﰲ‬with) II to
plunge, dip, immerse, submerse (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to sink, founder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
drown (‫ﻫ ـ‬, s.o., s.th.); to inundate, flood (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; ‫ اﻟﺴـﻮق‬the market ‫ ب‬with)
IV = II; to exceed the proper bound! (‫ ﰲ‬in); to exaggerate, overdo (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.);

to be excessive (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.), carry (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) to excess | ‫اﻟﻀـﺤﻚ‬
‫( اﻏـﺮق ﰲ‬ḍaḥik)
to laugh noisily or heartily, guffaw V to be sunk, be foundered X to sink (‫ﰲ‬
into sleep, and the like), be immersed (‫ ﰲ‬in); to absorb, engross, engage
wholly, claim completely, fill, take up, occupy (‫ﻫـ‬, s.o., s.th.); to take, last (‫ﻫـ‬
Confidential
a certain time) | ‫اﻟﻀـﺤﻚ‬
XII ‫ﻟﺪﻣﻮع‬
‫( اﺳـﺘﻐﺮق ﰲ‬ḍahik) to laugh noisily or heartily, guffaw
‫( اﻏﺮورﻗﺖ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﻩ‬igrauraqat ‘aināhū) his eyes were bathed in tears
‫ ﻏﺮﻳــﻖ‬gariq pl. ‫ ﻏﺮﻗــﻰ‬garqā drowned; a drowned person; immersed,
engrossed, absorbed (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ ﻏﺮﻗﺎن‬garqan drowned
‫ ﺗﻐﺮﻳــﻖ‬tagrīq drowning; sinking, foundering, scuttling (of a ship);
inundation, flooding
‫ اﻏ ـﺮاق‬igrāq drowning; sinking, foundering, scuttling (of a ship);
inundation, flooding; exaggeration; excessiveness, exorbitance,
immoderation, extravagance; hyperbole (rhet.)
‫ ﻏﺎرق‬gāriq sunk, drowned; immersed, engrossed, absorbed (‫ ﰲ‬in) | ‫ﻏﺎرق ﰲ‬
‫( اﻟﺪﻫﺸﺔ‬dahša) completely taken aback, deeply shocked, utterly dismayed
‫ ﻣﻐﺮق‬mugraq immersed, engrossed, absorbed (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺮق‬mustagriq immersed, engrossed, absorbed (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ ﻏﺮﻟﺔ‬gurla pl. ‫ ﻏﺮل‬gural foreskin, prepuce
1092
‫ ﻏـﺮم‬garima a (gurm, ‫ ﻏﺮاﻣـﺔ‬garāma, ‫ ﻣﻐـﺮم‬magram) to pay (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a fine, and the

like); to suffer loss II to fine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.), impose a fine (‫ ه‬on s.o.) IV = II; pass,
ugrima to be very fond, be enamored (‫ ب‬of), be in love, be infatuated (‫ب‬
with) V to be fined, be mulcted
‫ ﻏﺮم‬gurm damage, loss
‫ ﻏـﺮام‬garām infatuation (‫ ب‬with), love (‫ ب‬of), passion, ardent desire (‫ب‬
for); penalty, mulct, fine; see also alphabetically
‫ ﻏﺮاﻣـﻲ‬garāmī passionate, impassioned, erotic, amorous, amatory, love
(used attributively); ‫ﻏﺮاﻣﻴــﺎت‬ garāmīyāt amours, romances, love affairs,
amorous adventures | ‫ﻏﺮاﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬love letter
‫ ﻏــﺮﱘ‬garīm pl. ‫ ﻏﺮﻣــﺎء‬guramā’2 debtor; creditor; opponent, adversary,
antagonist, rival; insulter
‫ ﻏﺮﳝﺔ‬garīma woman opponent, female antagonist, rival
‫ ﻏﺮاﻣـﺔ‬garāma pl. -āt fine, mulct; indemnity, compensation, damages;
reparation, amends, penalty
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻐـﺮم‬magram pl. ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎرم‬magārim2 damage, loss; debt; liability, financial
obligation; fine
‫ ﻣﻐﺮم‬mugram enamored, (‫ ب‬of), in love, infatuated (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻏﺮﻳﻦ‬garīn (alluvial) mud
‫ ﻏﺮ ﻃﺔ‬garnāṭa2 Granada (city in S Spain)
‫ ﻏﺮﻧﻮق‬gurnūq pl. ‫ ﻏﺮاﻧﻴﻖ‬garānīq2 crane (zool.)
‫ ﻏﺮﻧﻴﻖ‬girnīq pl. ‫ ﻏﺮاﻧﻴﻖ‬garānīq2 crane (zool.)
‫ )ﻏﺮا )ﻏﺮو‬garā u (gurw) to glue, fix with glue (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II = I; IV to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) covetous (‫ ب‬for), prod, spur on, goad, egg on, incite, induce, instigate,
abet, urge, impel (‫ ب ه‬s.o. to do s.th.); to entice, allure, tempt, seduce (‫ب ه‬
s.o. to); to set (‫ه‬‫ ب‬s.o. on), sick (‫ ب ﻫـ‬a dog, etc., on game); to bring about,
cause, produce, provoke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); pass. ugriya to desire ardently, love (‫ب‬
s.th.), be attached (‫ ب‬to s.th.) | ‫‘( اﻏـﺮي اﻟﻌـﺪاوة ﺑـﲔ‬adāwata) to cause or excite
enmity among …
‫ ﻻ ﻏﺮو‬lā garwa no wonder! it is small wonder
‫ ﻏﺮا‬garan glue
1093
‫ ﻏﺮاء‬girā’ glue
‫ ﻏﺮاﺋﻲ‬girā’ī gluey, glutinous
‫ ﻏﺮوى‬girawī gluey, glutinous, sticky, ropy, vicious; colloidal (chem.)
‫ ﻻ ﻏﺮوى‬garwā no wonder! it is small wonder
‫ ﻏﺮاﻳﺔ‬garrāya pl. -āt (eg.) glue pot
‫ ﻣﻐﺮاة‬migrāh glue pot
‫ اﻏـﺮاء‬igrā’ incitement, instigation, inducement, spur, goad, impetus;
incentive, stimulus; enticement, allurement, temptation, seduction
‫ ﻣﻐــﺮ‬mugrin enticing, alluring, tempting; inciter, instigator, abettor;
tempter, seducer
‫ ﻣﻐﺮ ت‬mugriyāt lures, temptations
1‫ ﻏﺰ‬IV to he thorny, prickly; to prick
2‫ ﻏﺰ‬gazza2 Gaza (seaport in S Palestine)
‫ ﻏﺰي‬gazzī gauze
1‫ ﻏﺰر‬gazara u (gazr, ‫ ﻏﺰارة‬gazāra) to be plentiful, copious, abundant
Confidential
‫ ﻏـﺰر‬gazr abundance, copiousness, profusion, plenty, large quantity, lavish
supply
‫ ﻏﺰﻳﺮ‬gazīr pl. ‫ ﻏﺰار‬gizār much, plentiful, copious, abundant, ample; densely
growing, luxuriantly growing; rich (‫ ﺑﻐـﺰ‬in) | ‫ﻏﺰﻳـﺮ اﳌـﺎدة‬ g. al-mādda well-
informed, learned, well-read; ‫ﻏﺰﻳـﺮ اﳌـﻮاد‬ g. al-mawādd offering a wealth of

information (book)
‫ ﻏـﺰارة‬gazāra abundance, copiousness, profusion, plenty, large quantity,
lavish supply
2‫ ﻏﺰارى‬gazārī a variety of pigeon
‫ ﻏـﺰل‬gazala i (gazl) to spin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- gazila a (gazal) to display amorous

behavior (‫ ب‬toward a woman), make love (‫ ب‬to a woman), court, woo (‫ ب‬a
woman), flirt (‫ ب‬with a woman); to eulogize in verses (‫ ب‬a woman) III to
speak words of love, make love (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬to a woman), court, woo (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a woman),
flirt, dally, philander (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a woman) V to court, woo (‫ ب‬a woman),
make love (‫ ب‬to a woman), flirt, dally (‫ ب‬with a woman), make eyes (‫ ب‬at
1094
a woman); to celebrate in love poems (‫ ب‬a woman, also ‫ ﰲ‬s.o.); to extol,

laud, eulogize (‫ ب‬s.th.) VI to flirt (with one another) VIII to spin (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻏـﺰل‬gazl spinning; (pl. ‫ ﻏـﺮول‬guzūl) spun thread, yarn | ‫ ﻣﺼـﻨﻊ اﻟﻐـﺮل‬maṣna‘
al-g. spinning mill
‫ ﻏـﺰل‬gazal flirt, flirtation, dalliance, dallying; love; words of love, cooing
of lovers; love poetry, erotic poetry
‫ ﻏﺰﱄ‬gazalī amorous, amatory, erotic, love (used attributively)
‫ ﻏﺰال‬gazāl pl. ‫ ﻏﺮﻟﺔ‬gizla, ‫ ﻏﺮﻻن‬gizlān gazelle
‫ ﻏﺰال‬gazzāl spinner (of yarn)
‫ ﻏﺰاﻟـﺔ‬gazāla female gazelle, doe; (rising) sun, disk of the sun; pommel of
the camel saddle
‫ ﻏﺰاﻟﺔ‬gazzāla spider
‫ ﻣﻐﺰل‬magzil pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﺎزل‬magāzil2 spinning mill
‫ ﻣﻐـﺰل‬migzal, mugzal pl. ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎزل‬magāzil2 spindle | ‫ اﺑـﻮ ﻣﻐـﺎزل‬abū m. (eg.)
stork
‫ ﻣﻐﺎزﻟﺔ‬mugāzala pl. -āt flirt, flirtation, dalliance, dallying
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻐﺰل‬tagazzul flirt, flirtation, dalliance, dallying
‫ )ﻏـﺰا )ﻏـﺰو‬gazā u (gazw) to strive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), aspire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to mean, intend (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); -- gazā u (gazw, ‫ ﻏـﺰوان‬gazawān) to carry out a military expedition,
make a raid, foray, or incursion, commit aggression (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ against s.o.,
against s.th.), attack, assault (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.), raid, invade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
conquer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to overcome (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) | ‫( ﻏـﺰا اﻟﺴـﻮق‬sūq) to
flood the market (com.)
‫ ﻏـﺰو‬gazw assault, raid, incursion, inroad, invasion, attack, aggression;
conquest
‫ ﻏـﺰوة‬gazwa pl. gazawāt military expedition, foray; raid, incursion, inroad,
invasion, attack, aggression; conquest; campaign of conquest
‫ ﻏـﺰاوة‬gazāh pl. ‫ ﻏـﺰوات‬gazawāt military expedition, foray; raid, incursion,
inroad, invasion, attack, aggression; conquest; campaign of conquest
‫ ﻣﻐـﺰى‬magzan pl. ‫ ﻣﻐــﺎز‬magāzin sense, meaning, signification, import;
moral (of a story); motto; importance, significance, moment, consequence |
‫ ﻣﻐﺰى دﻗﻴﻖ‬subtle meaning; ‫ ذو ﻣﻐﺰى‬dū m. significant
1095
‫ ﻣﻐـﺰاة‬magzāh pl. ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎز‬magāzin military expedition, foray, raid; ‫ اﳌﻐـﺎزى‬the

military campaigns of the Prophet
‫ ﻏـﺎز‬gāzin pl. ‫ ﻏـﺰاة‬guzāh one who carries out a military expedition or a
foray; raider, invader, aggressor, conqueror; ‫اﻟﻐـﺎزى‬ al-gāzī the war lord,
warrior champion, ghazi
‫ ﻏﺎزﻳﺔ‬gāziya pl. ‫ ﻏﻮاز‬gawāzin woman dancer, danseuse
‫ ﻏﺲ‬guss (sing. and pl.) worthless
‫ ﻏﺴﻖ‬gasaq dusk, twilight before nightfall; dark of night
‫ ﻏﺴـﻞ‬gasala i (gasl) to wash (‫ ه‬,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. with), launder (‫ ب ه‬s.th.
with); to cleanse, clean (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., the teeth); to purge, cleanse, clear,
wash (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to wash (‫ ﻫ ـ‬against s.th.) II to wash thoroughly (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.) VIII to wash (o.s.); to take a bath, bathe; to perform the major
ritual ablution (i.e., a washing of the whole body; (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻏﺴﻞ‬gusl pl. ‫ اﻏﺴﺎل‬agsāl washing, ablution; the major ritual ablution, i.e.,
a washing of the whole body (Isl. Law); wash water
‫ ﻏﺴﻞ‬gasl wash water
Confidential
‫ ﻏﺴﻠﺔ‬gasla pl. gasalāt (n. vic.) a wash, an ablution
‫ ﻏﺴﻴﻞ‬gasīl washed; (dirty or washed) clothes, washing
‫ ﻏﺴﻮل‬gasūl wash water; washing agent, detergent
‫ ﻏﺎﺳﻮل‬gāsūl soap; lye
‫ ﻏﺴﺎل‬gassāl washer, washerman, laundryman
‫ ﻏﺴﻞ‬gassāla pl. -āt washerwoman, laundress; washing machine
‫ ﻏﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬gusāla dirty wash water, slops
‫ ﻣﻐﺴـﻞ‬magsil, magsala pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﺎﺳـﻞ‬magāsil2 washing facility, washroom,
lavatory; washhouse
‫ ﻣﻐﺴﻞ‬migsal washbasin; washbowl, washdish, washtub
‫ ﻣﻐﺴﻠﺔ‬magsala pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﺎﺳﻞ‬magāsil2 washstand
‫ ﻣﻐﺘﺴﻞ‬mugtasal washroom, lavatory
‫ ﻏـﺶ‬gašša u (gašš) to act dishonestly (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to deceive, fool,
mislead, cheat, gull, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.); to debase, vitiate, adulterate (‫ ه‬s.th., esp.
food-stuffs) II to act dishonestly (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to deceive, fool, mislead,
1096
cheat, gull, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII and VIII to be deceived, be fooled, be cheated,
be duped; to let o.s. be deceived X to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as dishonest or as a
fraud; to suspect (‫ ه‬s.o.) of fraud or deception
‫ ﻏﺶ‬gašš adulteration, corruption, debasement; fraud, deceit
‫ ﻏــﺶ‬gišš faithlessness disloyalty, perfidy; deception, deceit; fraud,
imposture, swindle
‫ ﻏﺸﺎش‬gašāš fraud, cheat, swindler, impostor; deceptive, delusive, false
‫ ﻣﻐﺸـﻮش‬magšūš deceived, fooled, cheated, duped; adulterated, corrupted,
debased
‫ ﻏﺸـﻢ‬gašama i (gašm) to treat unjustly or tyrannically, to wrong, oppress
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to act unjustly or tyrannically (‫ ه‬toward s.o.); to act thoughtlessly,
haphazardly (‫ ﻫـ‬in s.th.) VI to feign ignorance or inexperience X to regard (‫ه‬
s.o.) as dumb, stupid, ignorant, or inexperienced ‫ه‬
‫ ﻏﺸﻢ‬gašm oppression, repression, ill-treatment
‫ ﻏﺸـﻮم‬gašūm unjust, unfair, iniquitous, tyrannical; oppressor, tyrant | ‫اﻟﻘـﻮة‬
Confidential
‫ اﻟﻐﺸﻮم‬brute force
‫ ﻏﺸـﻴﻢ‬gašīm pl. ‫ ﻏﺸـﻤﺎء‬gušamā’ inexperienced, ignorant, foolish, dumb,
stupid; new (at an office), green, a greenhorn; new, boorish, uneducated;
unskilled, untrained, clumsy, awkward, gauche; raw, crude, unprocessed,
unworked
‫ ﻏﺸﻮﻣﺔ‬gušūma inexperience, foolishness
‫ ﻏﺎﺷـﻢ‬gāšim unjust, unfair, iniquitous, tyrannical; oppressor, tyrant; scum,
dross | ‫ﻏﺎﴰﺔ‬
‫( ﻗﻮة‬qūwa) brute force
(‫ ﻏﺸـﻮ‬and ‫ ﻏﺸـﻲ( ﻏﺸـﺎ‬gašā u (gašw) to come (‫ ه‬to s.o.; ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a place); --
‫ ﻏﺸﻲ‬gašiya a (‫ ﻏﺸﺎوة‬gašāwa) to cover, wrap up, envelop, conceal, veil (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to come, descend (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), overcome, overwhelm (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
be dark (night); -- gašiya a (‫ ﻏﺸـﻴﺎن‬gašayān, gišyān) to come (to s.o.; ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to
place); to go to see, visit (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), call (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to sleep (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a
woman); to cover (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬the female animal); to commit, perpetrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., an
outrage); to yield, give in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a craving); -- pass. ‫( ﻏﺸـﻲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬gušiya) (‫ﻏﺸـﻲ‬

gašy, gušy) to lose consciousness, faint, swoon II to cover, wrap up,
1097
envelop, veil (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to spread a cover or wrap (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.o.,
over s.th.); to overlay, coat, plate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to be dark (night); to spread a
cover or wrap (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬over) V to cover o.s. (‫ ب‬with), wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬in) X
‫( اﺳﺘﻐﺸـﻲ ﺛﻴﺎﺑـﻪ‬tiyābahū) to hide one’s head in one’s clothes so as not to see or
hear
‫ ﻏﺸﻲ‬gašy, gušy unconsciousness, fainting, swoon(ing)
‫ ﻏﺸﻴﺔ‬gašya fainting spell, swoon, faint
‫ ﻏﺸﻮة‬gašwa veil, wrap, cover, covering
‫ ﻏﺸـﺎء‬gišā’ pl. ‫ اﻏﺸـﻴﺔ‬agšiya cover, covering, wrap, wrapper, wrapping,
envelope; coating, coat, plating; integument; film, pellicle; membrane; valve
|‫( اﻟﻐﺸـﺎء اﻷﻧﻘـﻰ‬anfī) nasal mucosa; ‫ ﻏﺸـﺎء اﻟﺒﻜـﺎرة‬g. al-bakāra hymen, virginal
membrane; ‫( اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺊ‬mukāṭi’) mucous membrane, mucosa
‫ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬gišā’ī: ‫( اﳋﻨﺎق اﻟﻐﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬kunāq) diphtheria (med.)
‫ ﻏﺸﺎوة‬gišāwa, gišāwa veil, wrap, cover, covering
‫ ﻏﺸﻴﺎن‬gašayān, gišyān unconsciousness, faint(ing), swoon(ing)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻐﺸﻰ‬magšan place at which one arrives, object of a visit
‫ ﻏﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬gāšiya pl. ‫ ﻏﻮاش‬gawāšin pericardium; misfortune, calamity, disaster;
faint, swoon; insensibility, stupor; servants, attendants, retinue, suite
‫ ﻏـﺺ‬gaṣṣ (1st peril. perf. gaṣiṣtu) a (‫ )ﻏﺼـﺺ‬to be choked; to choke (‫ب‬
on, esp. on some food); to be overcrowded, congested, jammed, packed,
crammed (‫ ب‬with) | ‫اﳌﻜـﺎن‬ ‫( ﻏـﺺ ـﻢ‬makānu) the place was overcrowded IV
to choke (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to be overcrowded, congested, jammed, packed,
crammed
‫ ﻏﺼـﺔ‬guṣṣa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻏـﺺ‬guṣaṣ that which causal choking, a lump in the
throat; mortal distress, torment, agony, ordeal, choking sound, suppressed
moan | ‫اﳌﻮت‬ ‫ ﻏﺼﺔ‬g. al-maut agony of death
‫ ﻏﺎص‬gāṣṣ replete, crowded, jammed, packed, crammed (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻏﺼﺐ‬gaṣaba i (gaṣb) to take away by force or illegally, extort (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ,‫ه‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ﻣـﻦ‬ from s.o.), rob (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; ‫ﻫـ ه‬ or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. of s.th.), seize
or
unlawfully, usurp (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take illegal possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to force,
compel, coerce (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to abduct, carry off (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a woman); to rape,
1098
ravish, violate (‫ ﻫﺎ‬a woman); to conquer, subdue (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) VIII = I | ‫اﻏﺘﺼـﺐ‬

‫ اﺑﻮاب اﻟﺒﻼد‬to force one’s entry into a country
‫ ﻏﺼـﺐ‬igtiṣāb forcible, illegal seizure, extortion; usurpation, unlawful
arbitrariness (Isl. Law); force, compulsion, coercion, constraint | ‫ﻏﺼــﺒﺎ‬
gaṣban and ‫ﻟﻐﺼـﺐ‬ forcibly, by force; ‫ ﻏﺼـﺒﺎ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬against his will, in defiance
of him
‫ اﻏﺘﺼــﺎب‬igtiṣāb forcible, illegal seizure, extortion, robbery, illegal
appropriation, usurpation; ravishment, violation, rape (of a woman); force,
compulsion, coercion, constraint
‫ ﻏﺎﺻﺐ‬gāṣib pl. -ūn, guṣṣāb usurper
‫ ﻣﻐﺼـﻮب‬magṣūb acquired by unlawful arbitrariness, extorted, usurped;
forced, compelled, coerced, constrained
‫ ﻣﻐﺘﺼﺐ‬mugtaṣib violent, outrageous, brutal; usurper
‫ ﻏﺼﻦ‬II and IV to put forth branches, to branch (tree)
‫ ﻏﺼﻦ‬guṣn pl. ‫ ﻏﺼﻮن‬guṣūn, ‫ اﻏﺼﺎن‬agṣān twig, bough, limb, branch
‫ ﻏﺼﻨﺔ‬guṣna twig, shoot, cion, sprout
Confidential
‫ ﻏـﺾ‬gaḍḍa (1st peril. perf. qaḍaḍtu) i and (1st peril. perf. qaḍiḍtu) a
(‫ ﻏﻀﻮﺿـﺔ‬guḍūda, ‫ ﻏﻀﺎﺿـﺔ‬gaḍāda) to be or become fresh, succulent, tender
(esp. a plant); -- gaḍḍa u (gaḍḍ, ‫ ﻏﻀﺎﺿﺔ‬gaḍāḍa) to cast down, lower (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ﻫـ‬
one’s eyes, one’s glance, out of modesty, and the like), to lower, lessen,
diminish (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬the value, the prestige of s.o. or s.th.), detract, derogate (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from s.o., from s.th.) | ‫( ﻏـﺾ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ‬ṭarfahū) to lower one’s eyes; ‫ﻏـﺾ اﻟﻄـﺮف‬
‫( )اﻟﻨﻈﺮ( ﻋﻨﻪ‬naẓara) to overlook, let pass, disregard s.th., pass over s.th., wink
at s.th., pay no attention to s.th., have no objection to s.th.
‫ ﻏـﺾ‬gaḍḍ aversion (of the glance) | ‫ ﻏـﺾ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ )اﻟﻄـﺮف( ﻋﻨـﻪ‬g. an-naẓar (aṭ-
ṭart) overlooking of s.th.; disregarding of s.th.; ‫ ﺑﻐـﺾ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ ﻋـﻦ‬aside from ...,
not to speak of ..., let alone ..., regardless of …, irrespective of ...,
notwithstanding …
‫ ﻏﺾ‬gaḍḍ fresh, succulent, juicy, tender; lush, luxuriant (plant)
‫ ﻏﻀﺔ‬guḍḍa shortcoming, deficiency, fault, defect
‫ ﻏﻀﻴﺾ‬gaḍīḍ fresh, succulent, juicy, tender
1099
‫ ﻏﻀﺎﺿـﺔ‬gaḍāḍa freshness, succulence, juiciness, tenderness; shortcoming,

deficiency, fault, defect; blot, stain, disgrace, shame | ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ﻣـﺎ وﺟـﺪ ﻏﻀﺎﺿـﺔ‬to
take no offence at …, have no objection to …
‫ ﻏﻀﻮﺿﺔ‬gudūḍa freshness, succulence, juiciness, tenderness
‫ ﻏﻀــﺐ‬gaḍiba a (gaḍab) to be or become angry, cross, mad, vexed,
irritated, exasperated, furious, to fret (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at s.th., with s.o.); to stand
up (‫ ل‬for), defend (‫ ل‬s.th.) III to be cross, be on bad terms (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV
to annoy, exasperate, anger, make angry, enrage, infuriate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to vex,
irrigate, gall, provoke (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ ﻏﻀـﺐ‬gaḍab wrath, rage, fury; anger, exasperation, indignation; ‫ﻏﻀـﺒﺎ ل‬

(gaḍaban) for the protection of
‫ ﻏﻀــﺐ‬gaḍib wrathful, angry, exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated,
enraged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled
‫ ﻏﻀﺒﺔ‬gaḍba fit of rage, angry outburst, tantrum
‫ ﻏﻀﻮب‬gaḍūb irascible, choleric, irritable
Confidential
‫ ﻏﻀﺒﺎﱐ‬gudābī irascible, choleric, irritable; sullen, morose
‫ ﻏﻀـﺒﺎن‬gaḍbān2, f. ‫ ﻏﻀـﱮ‬gaḍbā, pl. ‫ﻏﻀـﺎب‬giḍāb, ‫ ﻏﻀـﺎﰉ‬gaḍabā, guḍabā
wrathful, angry, exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated, enraged
‫ اﻏﻀــﺎب‬igdāb exasperation, infuriation; vexation, irritation, annoying;
provocation
‫ ﻏﺎﺿــﺐ‬gāḍib wrathful, angry, exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated,
enraged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled
‫ ﻣﻐﻀﻮب‬magḍūb: ‫ ﻣﻐﻀﻮب ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬object of anger
‫ ﻏﻀﺮ‬gaḍara i (gadr) to turn away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to turn (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o. or to
s.o.); -- gaḍira a (gaḍar) to be or become rich, abundant, lavish, opulent,
lush, luxuriant
‫ ﻏﻀﺮ‬gaḍir abundant, lavish, opulent, lush, luxuriant
‫ ﻏﻀﲑ‬gaḍīr fresh, green (plant)
‫ ﻏﻀﺎرة‬gaḍāra freshness; affluence, prosperity, opulence
‫ ﻏﻀﺮوف‬guḍrūf pl. ‫ ﻏﻀﺎرﻳﻒ‬gaḍārīf cartilage, gristle
‫ ﻏﻀـﻦ‬II to wrinkle, pucker, shrivel, fold, crease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to wink
amorously (‫ ﻫــﺎ‬at a woman) V to wrinkle, shrivel, form, creases or
corrugations; to be or become wrinkled, creased, folded, corrugated
1100
‫ ﻏﻀﻦ‬gaḍn, gaḍan pl. ‫ ﻏﻀﻮن‬guḍūn wrinkle, fold, crease, corrugation; (only

sg.) trouble, toil, labor, hardship, difficulty | ‫ﰲ ﻏﻀـﻮن‬ ... in the course of,
during, within; ‫ﻏﻀﻮن‬ ‫ ﰲ‬meanwhile, in the meantime
‫ ﻏﻀﻨﻔﺮ‬gaḍanfar lion
(‫ )ﻏﻀـﻮ‬IV to close one’s eyes (also with ‫ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬ ‘ainahū); to overlook,
disregard, avoid seeing, condone (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), let (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) pass, shut
one’s eyes (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to s.th.), take no notice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.th.); to be lenient (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
with), have indulgence, show forbearance (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for), wink, connive (‫ ﻋﻦ‬at) VI
to pretend not to notice; to disregard (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺎﺿﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ = اﻏﻀﻰ‬
(‫اﻟﻐﻀـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﺣـﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﲨـﺮ‬:‫ﻏﻀـﻰ( ﻏﻀـﺎ‬ (aḥarra, jamri l-g.) lit: in a hotter
spot than the live embers of gaḍā (i.e. a variety of euphorbia), i.e. on pins
and needles, in an unbearable situation
‫ اﻏﻀـﺎء‬igḍā’ overlooking, connivance, condonation, disregard; indulgence,
forbearance
‫ ﺗﻐ ــﺎض‬tagāḍin overlooking, connivance, condonation, disregard;
Confidential
indulgence, forbearance
‫ ﻏـﻂ‬gaṭṭa u (gaṭṭ) to immerse, dip, plunge (‫ ه‬,‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. in); -- gaṭṭa i
(‫ ﻏﻄﻴﻂ‬gaṭīṭ) to snore IV to immerse, dip, plunge (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬
be immersed, be dipped, be plunged (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th. in) VII to
‫ ﻏﻄﻴﻂ‬gaṭīṭ snoring, snore

‫ ﻏﻄﻴﻄﺔ‬guṭaiṭa fog, mist
‫ ﻏﻄﺮة‬guṭra designation of the kūfīya, or headcloth worn under the ‘iqāl, in
Nejd and Bahrein
‫ ﻏﻄــﺮس‬gaṭrasa to be haughty, arrogant, supercilious, overbearing,
snobbish, conceited, overweening. self-important II tagaṭrasa do. | ‫ﺗﻐﻄـﺮس ﰲ‬
‫( ﻣﺸﻴﺘﻪ‬mišyatihī) to display a haughty bearing, swagger, strut
‫ ﻏﻄﺮﺳــﺔ‬gaṭrasa haughtiness, superciliousness, arrogance, insolence,
impudence, snobbishness, conceitedness, self-importance
‫ ﻏﻄ ـﺮﻳﺲ‬giṭrīs pl. ‫ ﻏﻄــﺎرﻳﺲ‬gaṭārīs2 haughty, supercilious, arrogant,
overbearing, snobbish, conceited, overweening, self-important
‫ ﻣﺘﻐﻄـﺮس‬mutagaṭris haughty, supercilious, arrogant, overbearing, snobbish,
conceited, overweening, self-important
1101
‫ ﻏﻄﺮﻳﻒ‬giṭrīf pl. ‫ ﻏﻄﺎرﻳﻒ‬gaṭārīf2, ‫ ﻏﻄـﺎرف‬gaṭārif2, ‫ ﻏﻄﺎرﻓـﺔ‬gaṭārifa potentate;

a noble, great, famous man
‫ ﻏﻄـﺲ‬gaṭasa i (gaṭs) to dip, plunge, immerse, submerse (‫ ه‬,‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.
into water); to dive, plunge, become immersed, sink, submerge (‫ ﰲ‬in water)
II to dip, plunge, immerse, submerse (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﰲ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. into water); (Chr.) to
baptize (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to dive; to bathe (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ ﻏﻄﺲ‬gaṭs dipping, plunging, immersion; diving; sinking (trans. and intr.);
submersion
‫ ﻏﻄﺎس‬giṭās baptism (Chr.); ‫ اﻟﻐﻄﺎس‬Epiphany (Chr.)
‫ ﻏﻄﺎس‬gaṭṭās diver (man or bird)
‫ ﻣﻐﻄـﺲ‬magṭis (migṭas) pl. ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎﻃﺲ‬magāṭis2 bathtub; plunge bath | ‫ﻋﻴـﺪ‬
‫‘ اﳌﻐﻄﺲ‬īd al-m. Epiphany (Chr.)
‫ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺲ‬tagṭīs dipping, plunging, immersion; submersion; baptism (Chr.)
‫ ﻏﺎﻃﺲ‬gāṭis draft (of a ship)
‫ ﻏﻄـﺶ‬gaṭaša i (gaṭš) to be or become dark (night); -- gaṭiša a (gaṭaš) to
Confidential
become dim (eye); to be dim-sighted V to be dim, dim-sighted (eye)
‫ ﻏﻄﺶ‬gaṭaš dim-sightedness
‫ ﻏﻄﻢ‬giṭamm huge, vast (ocean)
‫ )ﻏﻄـﺎ )ﻏﻄـﻮ‬gaṭā u (gaṭw) to cover, cover up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to cover, wrap,
envelop, conceal (‫ه‬ ,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to slip (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬over s.th. s.th. else),
cover (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to cover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., expenses, the goal in sports);
to outshine, eclipse, obscure (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to drown (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th., of voices,

etc.); to be stronger, be more decisive (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬than) V to be covered, wrapped,
enveloped, concealed (‫ ب‬with. by); to cover o.s. (‫ ب‬with), wrap o.s., veil
o.s., conceal o.s. (‫ ب‬in) VIII = V
‫ ﻏﻄـﺎء‬giṭā’ pl. ‫ اﻏﻄﻴـﺔ‬agṭiya cover, covering, integument, wrap, wrapper,
wrapping, envelope; covering (= clothing); lid | ‫اﻟﺮأس‬ ‫ ﻏﻄﺎء‬headgear
‫ ﺗﻐﻄﻴـﺔ‬tagṭiya cover(ing) (of expenses, of currency, of the goal in sports);
cover of notes in circulation, backing of notes, note coverage
‫ ﻏﻒ‬gaffa i (eg.) to take unawares; to grab, grasp, seize (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
1102
‫ ﻏﻔـﺮ‬gafara i (gafr, ‫ ﻏﻔـﺮ‬magfira, ‫ ﻏﻔـﺮان‬gufrān) to forgive (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬s.o. s.th.),

grant pardon (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ل‬ to s.o. for s.th.), remit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻐﻔــﺮ‬yugfaru)
unpardonable, irremissible, inexcusable VIII to forgive (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬s.o. s.th.),
grant pardon (‫ل‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ to s.o. for), remit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻐﺘﻔــﺮ‬yugtafaru)
unpardonable, irremissible, inexcusable X to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pardon (‫ ل‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for an offense), ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to forgive (‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬an offense),
apologize (‫ ه‬to s.o., ‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for) | ‫ اﺳـﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﷲ‬I ask God’s forgiveness! a
formular phrase used on various occasions, esp. when modestly declining
compliments and amiabilities, approx.: please don’t (say so)! not at all!
‫ ﻏﻔﺮ‬gafr pardon, forgiveness; ‫ ﻏﻔﺮا‬gafran pardon me! I beg your pardon!
‫ ﻏﻔﻮر‬gafūr readily inclined to pardon, much-forgiving (esp. of God)
‫ ﻏﻔﺎر‬gaffār readily inclined to pardon, much-forgiving (esp. of God)
‫ ﻏﻔـﺮان‬gufrān pardon, forgiveness, remission | ‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪ ﺻـﻮم ﻏﻔـﺮان‬īd ṣaum al-g.
or ‫اﻟﻐﻔﺮان‬ ‫ ﻋﻴﺪ‬Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur (Jud.)
Confidential
...
‫ ﻣﻐﻔﺮة‬magfira pardon, forgiveness, remission
‫ ﻣﻐﻔـﻮر‬magfūr: ‫( اﳌﻐﻔـﻮر ﻟـﻪ‬he who has been forgiven), the deceased, the late
2‫ ﻏﻔﺮ‬II to guard (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., s.th.), watch (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over s.o.) over s.th.)
‫ ﻏﻔﺮة‬gufra cover; lid

‫ ﻏﻔـﲑ‬gafīr numerous (crowd), abundant (quantity), large (number); (pl.
‫ ﻏﻔـﺮاء‬gufarā’2) guard, sentinel; watchman | ‫( ﺟـﻢ )ﲨـﻊ( ﻏﻔـﲑ‬jamm, jam‘) large
number or quantity, large gathering of people
‫ ﻏﻔﺎرة‬gifāra pl. ‫ ﻏﻔﺎﺋﺮ‬gafā’ir2 kerchief for covering the bead, headcloth
‫ ﻏﻔﺎرة‬gaffāra cope (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﻐﻔﺮ‬migfar pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻓﺮ‬magāfir2 helmet
‫ ﻏﻔﻘﺔ‬gafqa light slumber
‫ ﻏﻔـﻞ‬gafala u (‫ ﻏﻔﻠـﺔ‬gafla, ‫ ﻏﻔـﻮل‬gufūl) to neglect, not to heed, disregard,
ignore (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.), be forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), pay no
attention (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬to) II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) negligent, careless, heedless, or
inattentive III to use, or take advantage of, s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬negligence,
1103
inadvertence, inattention, heedlessness, or carelessness; to surprise, take by

surprise, take unawares (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to neglect, not to heed, disregard, ignore
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), be forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.), pay no attention
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th.), slight, leave out, omit, skip (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
leave unspecified (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V = III; VI to feign inattention, inadvertence,
negligence, or carelessness; to pretend to be, or make as if, inattentive,
inadvertent, negligent, or careless; to neglect, disregard, ignore, slight (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.), pay no attention (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to), be uninterested (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬in), be indifferent
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to) X = III; to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) as stupid, as a fool; to make a fool of s.o.
(‫)ه‬, pull s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬leg
‫ ﻏﻔــﻞ‬gufl careless, heedless, unmindful, inadvertent; undesignated,
unmarked; without name, anonymous; not provided (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with), devoid (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
of) | ‫ ﻏﻔـﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘـﺎرﻳﺦ‬undated, without date, bearing no date; ‫ﻏﻔـﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻹﻣﻀـﺎء‬
‫))اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴــﻊ‬ (imḍā’) without signature, unsigned, anonymous; ‫ﺣﺪﻳــﺪ ﻏﻔــﻞ‬
Confidential
unprocessed iron, pig iron, crude iron
‫ ﻏﻔـ ــﻞ‬gafal negligence, inadvertence, inattention, heedlessness,
carelessness
‫ ﻏﻔﻠـ ــﺔ‬gafla negligence, inadvertence, inattention, heedlessness,
carelessness; indifference; foolishness; stupidity | ‫ﻣــﻮت اﻟﻐﻔﻠــﺔ‬ maut al-g.
sudden death; ‫ﻏﻔﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬and ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﲔ ﻏﻔﻠـﺔ‬ḥini g.) suddenly, all of a sudden,
unawares, inadvertently, unexpectedly, surprisingly
‫ ﻏﻔــﻼن‬gaflān(2) negligent, neglectful, careless, heedless, inadvertent,
inattentive; drowsy, sleepy
‫ ﺗﻐﻔﻴﻞ‬tagfīl stultification
‫ اﻏﻔــﺎل‬igfāl neglect, disregard, ignoring, nonobservance, slight(ing);
omission, skipping
‫ ﺗﻐﺎﻓﻞ‬tagāful neglect
‫ ﻏﺎﻓـﻞ‬gāfil pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻏﻔـﻮل‬gufūl, ‫ ﻏﻔـﻞ‬guffal negligent, neglectful, careless,
heedless, inadvertent, unaware, inattentive
‫ ﻣﻐﻔـﻞ‬mugaffal apathetic, indifferent, inattentive; gullible, easily duped, a
sucker; simple-minded, artless; simpleton
‫ ﻣﻐﻔـﻞ‬mugfal anonymous |‫ =( ﺷـﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻐﻔﻠـﺔ‬Fr. société anonyme) joint-stock
corporation
1104
‫ ﻣﺘﻐﻔﻞ‬mutagaffil dunce, dolt, numskull

(‫ ﻏﻔـﻮ‬and‫ ﻏﻔـﻰ( ﻏﻔـﺎ‬gafā u (gafw, gufūw) to slumber, doze, take a nap; to
doze off, nod off, fall asleep; -- gafiya a (‫ ﻏﻔﻴﺔ‬gafya) do. IV do.
‫ ﻏﻔﻮة‬gafwa pl. -āt slumber, nap, doze, cat nap
‫ اﻏﻔﺎءة‬igfā’a slumber, nap, doz., cat nap
‫ ﻏﻞ‬galla u (gall) to insert, put, stick, enter (‫ ﰲ ﻫـ‬s.th. in(to) or between); to
penetrate, enter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or into s.th.); to apply an iron collar or manacles (‫ه‬
on s.o.), handcuff, shackle, fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to produce, yield, yield crops
(land) | ‫( ﻏـﻞ ﻳـﺪﻩ اﱃ ﻋﻨﻘـﻪ‬yadahū, ‘unuqihī) (lit.: to fetter one’s hand to one’s
neck, i.e.) not to spend or give away anything, be niggardly; -- galla i (gill)
to be filled with hatred or rancor (breast); -- pass. gulla (gull, ‫ ﻏﻠـﺔ‬gulla) to
suffer violent thirst, burn with thirst II to apply an iron collar or manacles (‫ه‬
on s.o.), handcuff, shackle, fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to produce, yield, yield crops
(land); to yield (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. s.th.) V to enter, penetrate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th. or into s.th.)
Confidential
VII = V X to rake in, gain, win, obtain, reap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to realize, or make, a
profit (‫ ﻫـ‬on s.th.), receive the proceeds (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th., esp. of land, and the like),
turn to (good) account, invest profitably, utilize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to profit (‫ ه‬by s.o.,
‫ ﻫ ـ‬by s.th.), derive advantage or profit (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬from), make capital (‫ ﻫ ـ‬out of
s.th.), capitalize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to take advantage (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), exploit (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.)
‫ ﻏﻞ‬gill rancor, hatred, spite, malice
‫ ﻏـﻞ‬gull burning thirst; (pl. ‫ اﻏـﻼل‬aglāl) iron collar; manacles, handcuffs;
pl. chains, shackles, fetters
‫ ﻏﻠﺔ‬gulla burning thirst
‫ ﻏﻠـﺔ‬galla pl. -āt, ‫ ﻏـﻼل‬gilāl yield, produce, crops; proceeds, revenue,
returns (esp. of farming); grain, cereals; corn; fruits
‫ ﻏﻠﻴـﻞ‬galīl burning thirst; thirst for revenge; rancor, ill will; ardent desire;
(pl. ‫ ﻏﻼل‬gilāl) exhausted with thirst, very thirsty
‫ ﻏﻼﻟـﺔ‬galāla pl. ‫ ﻏﻼﺋـﻞ‬galā’il2 a fine, diaphanous cape, mantilla, veil;

shirtlike garment, gown | ‫اﻟﻨﻮم‬ ‫ ﻏﻼﻟﺔ‬g. an-naum nightshirt, nightgown
1105
‫ اﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬istiglāl utilization; development, working (of a mine, and the like),

exploitation (of a mine; also = selfish utilization, sweating); usufruct; abuse
‫ اﺳﺘﻐﻼﱄ‬istiglālī serving exploitation, exploitative
‫ ﻣﻐﻠﻮل‬maglūl fettered, shackled; exhausted with thirst, very thirsty | ‫ﻣﻐﻠـﻮل‬
‫ اﻟﻴﺪ‬m. al-yad inactive, idle
‫ ﻣﻐﻞ‬mugill productive, fruitful, fertile (land, soil)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻞ‬mustagill exploiter, utilizer, usufructuary, beneficiary
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻐﻞ‬mustagall pl. -āt that which yields crops, proceeds, or profit; yield,
produce, proceeds; profit
‫ ﻏﻠـﺐ‬galaba i (galb, ‫ ﻏﻠﺒـﺔ‬galaba) to subdue, conquer, vanquish, defeat,
beat, lick (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬so., s.th.), get the better (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.o., of s.th.),
be victorious, triumph, gain ascendancy, get the upperhand, achieve
supremacy (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬over s.o., over s.th.); to master, surmount, overcome
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to seize (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take possession (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.),
lay hold (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to overpower, overcome, overwhelm (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ه‬
Confidential
s.o.); to snatch, wrench, wrest (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬from s.o. s.th.), rob, plunder (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬
s.o. of s.th.); to prevail, (pre)dominate, be preponderant (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in s.th.); to be
probable, be likely | ‫( ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻈﻦ‬ẓann) to be probable, be likely; ‫ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫( )اﻟﺼﺤﺔ )اﳉﺪة‬ṣiḥḥatu, jiddatu) (to be) fairly, almost correct or new; ‫ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫( اﻟﻜﺂﺑـﺔ‬ka‘ābatu) he is in low spirits most of the time, melancholy prevails in
him; ‫( ﻳﻐﻠــﺐ ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ اﻟﻜــﺮم‬karamu) his predominant, or foremost, quality is
generosity II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) get the upperhand (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.)
triumph (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over); to put (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. above or before) III to try to defeat (‫ه‬
s.o.); to fight, combat (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), struggle, wrestle (‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ ه‬with; ‫اﳌﺼـﺎﻋﺐ‬
with difficulties); to befall, overcome (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g., sleep) V to triumph, gain
the mastery (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over), overcome, surmount, master (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), cope (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
with), break (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a resistance); to outweigh (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) | ‫ﺗﻐﻠـﺐ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﻨﻌـﺎس‬
(nu‘āsu) he was overcome by drowsiness VI to wrestle with one another,
struggle
‫ ﻏﻠﺐ‬galab (act of) conquering, defeating, surmounting, overcoming
1106
‫ ﻏﻠﺒﺔ‬galaba victory; (eg.) idle talk, chatter, prattle

‫ ﻏﻠﺒـﺎوي‬galabāwī (eg.) garrulous, voluble, talkative; chatterbox, prattler,
windbag
‫ ﻏﻼب‬gallāb victorious, triumphant, conquering
‫ اﻏﻠـﺐ‬aglab2 (elative, with def. article or foll. genit.) the greater portion,
the majority, most (of) | ‫ﰲ اﻷﻏﻠــﺐ‬ in most cases; mostly, in general,
generally; ‫( ﰲ اﻷﻏﻠـﺐ واﻷﻋـﻢ‬wa-l-a‘amm) do.; ‫( ﰲ اﻏﻠـﺐ اﻟﻈـﻦ‬a. iẓ-ẓann) most
likely, most probably, in all probability; ‫ اﻏﻠـﺐ اﻣـﺮﻩ‬aglaba amrihī and ‫اﻏﻠـﺐ‬
‫ اﻷﻣﺮ‬in most cases, mostly; most likely, most probably, in all probability
‫ اﻏﻠﺒﻴـﺔ‬aglabīya majority, greater portion | ‫( اﻏﻠﺒﻴـﺔ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬kāṣṣa) qualified
majority; ‫( اﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬muṭlaqa) absolute majority (pol.)
‫ ﻏﻼب‬gilāf combat(ing), fight; struggle, strife, contest
‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬mugālaba combat(ing), fight; struggle, strife, contest
‫ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ‬tagallub surmounting, overcoming, mastery (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﻏﺎﻟـﺐ‬gālib (pre)dominant; (with foll. genit. or suffix) most of, the greater
portion of, the majority of; (pl. ‫ ﻏﻠﺒﺔ‬galaba) victor | ‫ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﺎ‬gāliban and ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻟـﺐ‬
mostly, in most cases, for the most part, largely; in general, generally; most
likely, most probably; ‫ان‬ ‫ واﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬and the rule is that …, as a rule ...
‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ‬gālibīya majority, greater portion

‫ ﻣﻐﻠﻮب‬maglūb defeated, vanquished; beaten; recessive (biol.) | ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻮب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( اﻣﺮﻩ‬amrihī) helpless
‫ ﻣﻐﻠﺐ‬mugallab defeated, overwhelmed, overcome
‫ ﻏﻠﺲ‬galas darkness of night (esp. that preceding daybreak)
‫ ﻏﻠﺼﻤﺔ‬galṣama pl. ‫ ﻏﻼﺻﻢ‬galāṣim2 epiglottis
‫ ﻏﻠـﻂ‬galiṭa a (galaṭ) to make, or commit, a mistake, commit an error, err,
be mistaken II to accuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) of a mistake or error, put s.o. (‫ )ه‬in the
wrong; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) commit a mistake or error III to seek to involve (‫ه‬
s.o.) in errors or mistakes; to deceive, beguile, cheat, swindle (s.o.) IV to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) commit a mistake or error VI to mislead one another, cheat
one another
1107
‫ ﻏﻠـﻂ‬galaṭ pl. ‫ اﻏـﻼط‬aglāṭ error, mistake, blunder; incorrect, wrong | ‫ﻏﻠـﻂ‬

‫ اﳊـﺲ‬g. al-ḥiss deception of the senses, illusion; ‫( ﰲ اﻻﻣـﺮ ﻏﻠـﻂ‬amr) there is a
but in the case, there is a hitch somewhere
‫ ﻏﻠﻄـﺔ‬galṭa pl. galaṭāt, ‫ اﻏـﻼت‬aglāṭ error, mistake, blunder | ‫ﻏﻠﻄـﺔ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﻴـﺔ‬
(maṭba‘īya) misprint, erratum
‫ ﻏﻠﻄـﺎن‬galṭān2 one who commits a mistake or error; mistaken, erring,
wrong
‫ اﻏﻠﻮﻃﺔ‬uglūṭa pl. -āt, ‫ اﻏﺎﻟﻴﻂ‬agālīṭ captious question
‫ ﻣﻐﻠﻄﺔ‬maglaṭa pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻟﻂ‬magaliṭ captious question
‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻟﻄــﺔ‬mugālaṭa pl. -āt cheating, deceit; swindle, fraud; falsification,
distortion; fallacy, sophism
‫ ﻏﻠﻆ‬galuẓa u and galaẓa i (gilaẓ, ‫ ﻏﻠﻈﺔ‬gilẓa, ‫ ﻏﻼﻇﺔ‬gilāẓa) to be or become
thick, gross, coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged; to become viscous, viscid,
tough, sirupy (of a liquid, mush); to treat (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) harshly, ruthlessly II to
make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) thick, gross, big, coarse, crude, rude, rough, or rugged; to
thicken, coarsen (‫ ه‬s.th.) | ‫ ﻏﻠـﻆ اﻟﻴﻤـﲔ‬to swear a sacred oath IV ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻘـﻮل‬or
Confidential
‫اﻏﻠـﻆ ﻟـﻪ اﻟﻘـﻮل‬ (qaula, fī l-qauli) to bark at s.o. rudely, use rude language
toward s.o., speak rudely, impolitely with s.o. X to become thick, gross, big,
coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged; to find (‫ ه‬s.th.) thick, coarse, crude,
rude, rough, rugged
‫ ﻏــﻼظ‬gilāẓ thickness, grossness; coarseness, crudeness, roughness,
ruggedness; harshness, ruthlessness, rudeness, impoliteness, boorishness
‫ ﻏﻠﻈــﺔ‬gilẓa thickness, grossness; coarseness, crudeness, roughness,
ruggedness; harshness, ruthlessness, rudeness, impoliteness, boorishness
‫ ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‬galīẓ pl. ‫ ﻏﻼظ‬thick (e.g., curtain, fabric); fat and uncouth, hulking,
burly, gross (person, body); viscous, viscid, sirupy (liquid); solid, stringy,
tough (food); coarse, crude (fabric, words, person); rough, rugged (ground);
harsh, callous, rude, churlish, inconsiderate, boorish; inviolable, sacred
(alliance, oath) | ‫ﻏﻠـﻴﻆ اﻟﺮﻗﺒـﺔ‬ g. ar-raqaba stiff-necked, obdurate, obstinate,
stubborn; ‫اﳌﻌـﻰ اﻟﻐﻠـﻴﻆ‬ (mi‘ā) the large intestine (anat.); ‫ﳝـﲔ ﻏﻠﻴﻈـﺔ‬ binding,
sacred oath
‫ ﻏﻼﻇـﺔ‬gilāẓi thickness grossness; coarser, ness, crudeness, roughness,
ruggedness
‫ اﻏﻠﻆ‬aglāẓ thicker, grosser; coarser, cruder, rougher; ruder, more impolite
1108
‫ ﻣﻐﻠﻆ‬mugallaẓ: ‫ ﳝﲔ ﻣﻐﻠﻈﺔ‬binding, sacred oath

‫ ﻏﻠﻐـﻞ‬galgala to penetrate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th. or into s.th.); to enter (‫ ﰲ‬s.th. or into
s.th.); to plunge, become immersed, submerge (‫ ﰲ‬in) II tagalgala to set in,
descend, fall (night); to penetrate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th. or into s.th.); to enter (‫ ﰲ‬s.th. or
into s.th.); to plunge, become immersed, submerge (‫ ﰲ‬in); to be crammed (‫ﰲ‬
into), be deeply embedded. b. ensconced (‫ ﰲ‬in); to interfere, meddle
‫ ﻣﺘﻐﻠﻐـﻞ‬mutagalgil deeply embedded (‫ ﰲ‬in); extensive, widely extended,
far-reaching (connections)
‫ ﻏﻠـﻒ‬II to put or wrap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) in a cover, wrap, envelope, or case; to
wrap, envelop (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to cover (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. with)
‫ ﻏﻠﻔﺔ‬gulfa foreskin, prepuce
‫ ﻏـﻼف‬gilāf pl. ‫ ﻏﻠـﻒ‬guluf cover, covering, wrapping, wrapper, wrapping,
jacket (of a book); case, box; envelope
‫ اﻏﻠــﻒ‬aglaf2, f. ‫ ﻏﻠﻔــﺎء‬galfā’2, pl. ‫ ﻏﻠــﻒ‬gulf uncircumcised; rude,
Confidential
uncivilized
‫ ﻣﻐﻠـﻒ‬mugallaf uncircumcised; (pl. -āt) cover, covering, wrap, wrapper,
wrapping, envelope (of a letter)
‫ ﻏﻠـﻖ‬galaqa i (galq) to close, shut (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., a door); to look, bolt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., a
door); galiqa a (galaq): ‫ﻏﻠـﻖ اﻟـﺮﻫﻦ‬ (rahnu) the pledge was forfeited as the
pledger was unable to redeem it II to close shut (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., a door); to lock, bolt
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., a door) IV = II; to declare a pledge (‫ رﻫﻨـﺎ‬rahnan) to be forfeited,
foreclose (‫ رﻫﻨـﺎ‬a mortgage); pass. ugliqa to be obscure, dark, ambiguous,

dubious, incomprehensible (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.) VII to be closed, shut, looked, or
bolted; to be incomprehensible, X to be obscure, dark, ambiguous,
incomprehensible; to be difficult, intricate, complicated | ‫اﺳـﺘﻐﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬
(kalamu) he was unable to speak, he was struck dumb, he was speechless
‫ ﻏﻠﻖ‬galaq pl. ‫ اﻏﻠﻖ‬aglāq lock, padlock
‫ ﻏﻠﻖ‬galiq obscure, dark, ambiguous, dubious, abstruse, recondite, difficult
to comprehend
‫ ﻏﻼﻗﺔ‬gilāqa unpaid balance
1109
‫ ﻣﻐـﻼق‬miglāq pl. ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎﻟﻴﻖ‬magālīq2 look; padlock; breech (of a firearm); any

closing or fastening mechanism, as, a latch, a catch, a clasp, a cap, a cover, a
lid, a outoff, etc.
‫ اﻏــﻼق‬iglāq closing, shutting, locking, bolting, shutting-off, barring;
foreclosure (of a mortgage)
‫ اﻧﻐﻼق‬ingilāq obscurity, abstruseness, incomprehensibility
‫ ﻣﻐﻠـﻖ‬maglaq closed, shut; locked, bolted; obscure, dark, ambiguous,
dubious, abstruse, recondite, difficult to comprehend
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻠﻖ‬mustagliq obscure, dark, cryptic, ambiguous, equivocal
‫ ﻏﻠـﻢ‬galima a (galam, ‫ ﻏﻠـﻢ‬gulma) to be excited by lust, be seized by
sensuous desire VIII = I
‫ ﻏﻠـﻢ‬galim excited by lu.t. seized by sensuous desire, wanton, lewd,
lascivious, lustful; in heat, rutted
‫ ﻏﻠﻤﺔ‬gulma lust, carnal appetite, sensuous desire; heat, rut
‫ ﻏـﻼم‬gulām pl. ‫ ﻏﻠﻤـﺎن‬gilmān, ‫ ﻏﻠﻤـﺔ‬gilma boy, youth, lad; slave; servant,
waiter
‫ ﻏﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬gulāmīya youth, youthfulness
Confidential
‫ ﻏﻴﻠﻢ‬gailam male tortoise
‫ ﻏﻠﻢ‬gulūma youth, youthfulness
‫ )ﻏﻼ )ﻏﻠﻮ‬galā u (gulūw) to exceed the proper bounds, be excessive, go too
far (‫ ﰲ‬in), overdo, exaggerate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); -- galā u (‫ ﻏـﻼء‬galā2) to be high, be
stiff (price); to become expensive, undergo a prise raise (merchandise); to be
expensive, be high priced II to raise the price or s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬III to exceed the
proper bounds, be excessive, go too far (‫ ﰲ‬in), overdo, exaggerate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.);

to demand too high a price, charge too much (‫ ب‬for); to put greet store (‫ب‬
by s.th.), ascribe great value (‫ ب‬to s.th.), rate highly (‫ ب‬s.th.) IV = II; to
declare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to be dear or precious, appreciate, value, prize, treasure,
cherish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to laud, extol, praise highly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to exceed the
proper bounds, be excessive, go too far (‫ ﰲ‬in); to overdo, exaggerate (‫ﰲ‬ ,‫ب‬
s.th.) X to find (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) expensive or costly
‫ ﻏﻠ ــﻮ‬gulūw exceeding of proper bounds, excess, extravagance;
exaggeration
‫ ﻏﻼء‬galā’2 high cost, high level of prices, rise in prices; high price
1110
‫ ﻏﻠـ ـﻮاء‬gulawā’2, gulwā’2 exceeding of proper bounds, excess,

extravagance | ‫( ﺧﻔـﻒ ﻣـﻦ ﻏﻠﻮاﺋـﻪ‬kaffāfa) to dampen s.o.’s ardor, curb s.o.’s
enthusiasm
‫ اﻏﻠﻰ‬aglā more expensive; more valuable, more costly
‫ ﻣﻐــﺎﻻة‬mugālāh exceeding of proper bounds, excess, extravagance,
exaggeration
‫ اﻏﻼء‬iglā’ laudation, extolment, high praise; admiration
‫ ﻏـﺎل‬gālin expensive, high priced; valuable, costly; dear, beloved; -- (pl.
‫ ﻏـﻼة‬gulāh) adherent of an extreme sect; extremist, radical; fanatic adherent,
fanatic
‫ ﻏﻠـﻰ‬galā i (galy, ‫ ﻏﻠﻴـﺎن‬galayān) to boil, bubble up; to ferment (alcoholic
beverage) II to make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) boil; to boil (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV = II
‫ ﻏﻠﻮ‬galy boiling, ebullition
‫ ﻏﻠﻲ‬galayān boiling, ebullition
‫ ﻏﻠﻴــﻮن‬galyūn pl. ‫ ﻏﻼﻳــﲔ‬galāyīn, water pipe, narghile, hubble-bubble;
Confidential
smoking pipe, tobacco pipe; see also below
‫ ﻏﻼﻳﺔ‬gallāya pl. -āt boiler, kettle, caldron | ‫ آﻟﺔ ﻏﻼﻳﺔ‬steam boiler
‫ ﻏﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬gāliya a perfume made of muek and ambergris (Galia moschata)
‫ ﻣﻐﻠﻲ‬maglīy broth; decoction (pharm.)
‫ ﻏﻠﻴﻮن‬galyūn pl. ‫ ﻏﻼﻳﲔ‬galāyīn2, ‫ ﻏﻼوﻳﻦ‬galāwīn2 galleon; see also ‫ﻏﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﻏـﻢ‬gamma u (gamm) to cover, veil, conceal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with
sadness, pain, or grief, to pain, grieve, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass. gumma to be
obscure, incomprehensible (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.) II to cover, veil, conceal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV

to be overcast (sky); to fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with sadness, pain, or grief, to pain,
grieve, distress (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to be distressed, be worried, be sad, grieve, pine,
worry VIII = VII
‫ ﻏـﻢ‬gamm pl. ‫ ﻏﻤـﻮم‬gumūm grief, affliction, sorrow, distress, sadness,
worry, anxiety
‫ ﻏﻤﺔ‬gumma grief, affliction, sorrow, distress, sadness, anxiety
‫ ﻏﻤﺎم‬gamām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻏﻤﺎﺋﻢ‬gamā’im2 clouds | ‫ ﺣﺐ اﻟﻐﻤﺎم‬ḥabb al-
g.
hail
1111
‫ ﻏﻤﺎﻣﺔ‬gimāma pl. ‫ ﻏﻤﺎﺋﻢ‬gamā’m2 blinder, blinker (for horses, etc.); muzzle

(for animals)
‫ اﻏـﻢ‬agamm2, f. ‫ ﻏﻤـﺎء‬gammā’2 covered with dense hair, hairy, hirsute,
shaggy; thick, dense (clouds)
‫ ﻏـﺎم‬gamm grievous, distressing, sorrowful, sad, painful; sultry, muggy
(day, night)
‫ ﻣﻐﻤﻮم‬magmūm grieved, distressed, afflicted, worried, sad
‫ ﻣﻐﺘﻢ‬mugtamm grieved, distressed, afflicted, worried, sad
‫ﻏﻤـﺪ‬gamada i u (gamd) to sheathe, put into the scabbard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the sword); to
plunge, threat (‫ ﻫـ‬the sword into s.o.’s breast); to encompass, shelter, protect,
cover (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﺑﺮﲪﺘـﻪ‬bi-raḥmatihī with His grace; of God) II to conceal s.o.’s
(‫ )ه‬offenses or shortcomings IV to sheathe, put into the scabbard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
sword) V to encompass, shelter, protect, cover (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﺑﺮﲪﺘـﻪ‬ bi-raḥmatihī
with His grace; of God)
‫ ﻏﻤﺪ‬gimd pl. ‫ اﻏﻤﺎد‬agmād, ‫ ﻏﻤﻮد‬gumūd sheath, scabbard
Confidential
‫ ﻏﻤـﺮ‬gamara u (‫ ﻏﻤـﺎرة‬gamāra, ‫ ﻏﻤـﻮرة‬gumūra) to be plentiful, copious,
abundant, abound (water); to overflow (intr.); -- gamara u (gamr) to flood,
inundate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ب‬s.th. with), overflow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to douse, cover (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.,
‫ ب‬with a liquid), pour a liquid (‫ )ب‬over s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to lay, soak (‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in a
liquid); to immerse, steep, submerge, place, embed (‫ ه‬,‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th. in(to);
esp. fig.: in(to) an environment, an atmosphere); to cover, bury (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,

s.th.); to bestow liberally, lavish, heap, load (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬upon s.o. s.th.), shower
(‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with); to fill, pervade (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬the heart; of feeling.) III to plunge
(blindly), throw o.s. (headlong) (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬into); to venture; to risk (‫ ب‬s.th.) |
‫ ﻏـﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬to engage in daring adventures, risk one’s life VIII to cover, bury,
engulf, swallow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻏﻤﺮ‬gamr flooding, overflowing, submersion, inundation; (pl. ‫ ﻏﻤـﺎر‬gimār,
‫ ﻏﻤـﻮر‬gumūr) deluge, flood (also fig.); all-engulfing, flooding, overflowing
(water); of overflowing liberality, lavishly openhanded, generous; -- gamr
and gumr (pl. ‫ اﻏﻤﺎر‬agmār) inexperienced, green, gullible, simple, ingenuous
1112
‫ ﻏﻤﺮة‬gamra pl. gamarāt, ‫ ﻏﻤﺎر‬gimār deluge, flood, inundation; (emotional)

exuberance; pl. ‫ ﻏﻤـﺎر‬flood (fig., e.g., of events); adversities, hardships, ups
and down, (of life, of battle, etc.); abundance, profusion (e.g., of knowledge)
| ‫اﳌﻮت‬ ‫ ﻏﻤﺮات‬g. a1-maut mortal throes
‫ ﻏﻤﺮ‬gumr pl. ‫ اﻏﻤﺎر‬agmār armfull
‫ ﻏﻤﺎر‬gimār risk, hazard
‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻣﺮة‬mugāmara pl. -āt a hazardous, or foolhardy, undertaking; adventure;
risk, hazard
‫ ﻏــﺎﻣﺮ‬gāmir overflowing, all-engulfing, all-encompassing; plentiful,
copious, abundant; desolate, waste, empty (land)
‫ ﻣﻐﻤﻮر‬magmūr obscure, unknown
‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻣﺮ‬mugāmir reckless, foolhardy; adventurer
‫ ﻏﻤـﺰ‬gamaza i (gamz) to feel, touch, palpate (‫ ب ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o., s.th. with); to
make a sign, to signal (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. with); to beckon with one’s eyes, wink
(‫ ه‬at s.o.); to twinkle, blink (‫ ب‬with one’s eyes); to slander, calumniate (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
Confidential
or ‫ ب‬s.o.) | ‫اﳉـﺮس‬ ‫( ﻏﻤـﺰ‬jarasa) to press the bell button, ring the bell; ‫ﻏﻤـﺰ ﻗﻨﺎﺗـﻪ‬
(qanātahū) to sound s.o. out, probe into s.o., feel s.o.’s pulse VI to signal to
one another, wink at one another VIII to detract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.th.), belittle,
decry, disparage (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻏﻤـﺰ‬gamza pl. -āt sign, signal, hint, wink (with the eye), twinkle; taunt,
gibe
‫ ﻏﻤﺎزة‬gammāza dimple
‫ ﻏﻤﻴﺰة‬gamīza failing, fault, shortcoming, blemish (of character)
‫ ﻣﻐﻤــﺰ‬pl. ‫ ﻣﻐــﺎﻣﺰ‬magāmiz2 failing, fault, shortcoming. blemish (of
character); weakness, weak spot, s.th. which arouses doubt, invites
comment, taunts, and the like
‫ ﻏﻤـﺲ‬gamasa i (gams) to dip, plunge, steep, immerse, submerse, link ( ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. in) II = I; VII to be dipped, be plunged, become immersed, be
submersed, be sunk; to plunge, throw o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬into) VIII = VII
‫ ﻏﻤﻮس‬gamūs ominous, calamitous, disastrous
‫ ﻣﻐﻤﻮس‬magmūs immersed (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in)
1113
‫ ﻏﻤـﺺ‬gamaṣ i (gamṣ) to esteem lightly, belittle, undervalue, despise, hold

in contempt (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﻏﻤﺺ‬agmaṣ2 blear-eyed
‫ ﻏﻤﺾ‬gamuḍa u and gamaḍa u (‫ ﻏﻤﻮض‬gumūḍ) to be hidden, be concealed,
hide; to close (eye); to be obscure, dark, abstruse, recondite, difficult to
comprehend II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) obscure, abetruse, recondite, difficult to
comprehend; to close, shut (‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬ainaihi one’s eyes to, over, toward, or
in the face of); to sleep, be asleep | ‫اﻟﻘـﺬى‬ ‫( ﻏﻤـﺾ ﺟﻔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬jufūnahū, qaḍā)
see ‫ ﻗـﺬى‬IV to blur, dim (‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬ainaihi s.o.’s eye for), make s.o. blind to;
to close, shut (‫ ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ ﻋـﻦ‬one’s eyes to, over, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward. in the face of);
to pretend not to see (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), feign blindness (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to), overlook (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.),
wink, connive (‫ ﻋﻦ‬at); to hear, stand, tolerate (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ,‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫اﻏﻤـﺾ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬
(‘ainaihi) to close, one’s eyes, refuse to see VIII to close, be closed (eye)
VIII do.; to sleep, be asleep
‫ ﻏﻤﺾ‬gumḍ sleep
Confidential
‫ ﻏﻤﻀﺔ‬gamḍa twinkle, blink, wink | ‫ ﰲ ﻏﻤﻀﺔ ﻋﲔ‬in a moment, in a jiffy
‫ ﻏﻤﺎض‬gimāḍ twinkle, blink, wink
‫ ﻏﻤـــﻮض‬gumūḍ obscureness, obscurity, ambiguity, abstruseness,
reconditeness, mystery, inscrutability; inexplicability, lack of clarity,
vagueness, uncertainty, incertitude
‫ ﻏﻤﻮﺿﺔ‬gumūḍa obscureness, obscurity, abstruseness, reconditeness
‫ اﻏﻤﺾ‬agmaḍ2 obscurer, more cryptic
‫ ﻏـﺎﻣﺾ‬gāmiḍ pl. ‫ ﻏـﻮاﻣﺾ‬gawāmiḍ2 hidden, concealed; obscure, dark,
ambiguous, abstruse, recondite, difficult to comprehend; inscrutable,
cryptic(al), mysterious, enigmatic(al)
‫ ﻏـﺎﻣﺾ‬gāmiḍ pl. ‫ ﻏـﻮاﻣﺾ‬gawāmiḍ2 unsolved problem, riddle, enigma,
mystery | ‫اﻓﻜﺎرﻩ‬ ‫ ﻏﻮاﻣﺾ‬s.o.’s innermost thoughts
‫ ﻏﻤـﻂ‬gamaṭa i and gamiṭ a (gamṭ) to despise, hold in contempt, esteem
lightly, belittle, undervalue (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be ungrateful (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.) | ‫ﺣﻘـﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﻤﻄـﻪ‬
(ḥaqqahū) to encroach upon s.o.’s rights, refuse to recognize s.o.’s rights
‫ ﻏﻤﻐﻢ‬gamgama to mumble, mutter
‫ ﻏﻤﻐﻤﺔ‬gamgama pl. ‫ ﻏﻤﺎﻏﻢ‬gamāgim2 cry, battle cry
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‫ ﻏﻤﻖ‬gamiqa a (gamaq), gamaqa u and gamuqa u to be damp, moist, wet

‫ ﻏﺎﻣﻖ‬gāmiq2 dark (color)
‫ ﻏﻤﻠﺞ‬gamlaj fickle, inconstant, unstable
‫ ﻏﻤﻼج‬gimlāj fickle, inconstant, unstable
‫ ﻏﻤـﻰ‬gamā i (gamy) to provide with a roof, to roof (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a house); pas.: ‫ﻏﻤـﻲ‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬gumiya) to swoon, faint, lose consciousness II to blindfold IV pass.
‫( اﻏﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ugmiya) to swoon, faint, lose consciousness
‫ ﻏﻤﻲ‬gamy swoon, faint, unconsciousness
‫ اﻏﻤﺎء‬I igrmā’ swoon, faint, unconsciousness
‫( اﺳــﺘﻐﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬eg.; pronounced istugummāya): ‫ ﻟﻌﺒــﺔ اﻻﺳــﻐﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬la‘bat al-ist.
blindman’s buff
‫ ﻣﻐﻤﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬magmīy, mugman ‘alaihi in a swoon, unconscious
‫ ﻏﻦ‬ganna (1st pers. perf. ganintu) a (gann, ‫ ﻏﻨﺔ‬gunna) to speak through the
nose, speak with a nasal twang, nasalize
‫ ﻏﻦ‬gann nasal pronunciation, nasalization
Confidential
‫ ﻏﻨـﺔ‬gunna nasal pronunciation, nasalization; (pl. -āt) nasal sound, twang;
sound (also, e.g., of complaint, of regret)
‫ اﻏـﻦ‬agann2, f. ‫ ﻏﻨـﺎء‬gannā’2 nasal; melodious, pleasant, sonorous (voice);
luxuriant, lush, gorgeous (of a garden)
‫ ﻏﻨﺞ‬ganija a (gunj) to coquet, flirt, play the coquette (woman) V do.
‫ ﻏﻨﺞ‬gunj coquetry, flirtation, dalliance, coquettish behavior
‫ ﻏﻨﺞ‬ganija coquettish, flirtatious (woman); a coquette
‫ ﻣﻐﻨﺎج‬mignāj coquettish, flirtatious
‫ ﻏﻨﺪر‬II tagandara to play the dandy, act like a fop
‫ ﻏﻨﺪر‬gundur fat, plump, chubby
‫ ﻏﻨﺪور‬gundūr pl. ‫ ﻏﻨﺎدرة‬ganādira (eg.) dandy, fop
‫( ﻏﻨﺪﻗﺠﻲ‬eg.) gundaqgī armorer, gunsmith
‫ ﻏﻨﻐﺮﻳﻨﺎ‬gangarīnā gangrene (med.)
‫ ﻏﻨﻢ‬ganima a (gunm, ganm, ganam, ‫ ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺔ‬ganīma) to gain booty; to take as
(war) booty, capture, gain, obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pillage, plunder, sack, loot II
to give (in a disinterested manner) (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬on s.o.
1115
s.th.), grant (‫ه‬‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.) IV to give as booty (‫ ﻫ ـ ه ه‬to s.o. s.th.) VIII to
take as (war) booty, capture (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫( اﻏﺘﻨﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‬furṣa) to seize, or take, the
opportunity, avail o.s. of the opportunity X ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻨﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ = اﻏﺘﻨﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‬
‫ ﻏﻨﻢ‬gunm spoils, booty, loot, prey; gain, profit, advantage, benefit
‫ ﻏﻨﻢ‬ganam (coll.) pl. ‫ اﻏﻨﺎم‬agnam sheep (and goats), small cattle
‫ ﻏﻨﺎم‬gannām shepherd
‫ ﻏﻨﻴﻤـﺔ‬ganīma pl. ‫ ﻏﻨـﺎﺋﻢ‬ganā’im2 spoils, booty, loot, prey | ‫ ﻏﻨﻴﻤـﺔ‬easy prey;
‫راض ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤـﺔ ﻹ ب‬ (rāḍin, iyāb) (content with returning without booty,
i.e.) glad to have saved one's skin; ‫ب‬ ‫( اﻗﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻨﻴﻤـﺔ ﻹ‬iqtana‘a) to have to
return empty-handed, with nothing accomplished
‫ ﻣﻐـﻨﻢ‬magnam pl. ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎﱎ‬magānim2 spoils, booty, loot, prey; gain, profit,
advantage, benefit
‫ ﻏــﺎﱎ‬gānim successful | ‫( ﻋــﺎد ﺳــﺎﳌﺎ ﻏﺎﳕــﺎ‬sāliman gāniman) approx.: he
returned safe and sound
‫ ﻏﲏ‬ganiya a (ginan, ‫ ﻏﻨﺎء‬ganā’) to be free from want, be rich, wealthy; not
Confidential
to need, be able to spare (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), be able to dispense (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with),
manage, be able to do (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬without), have no need (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for), be in no need
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of) II to sing (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ه‬

‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.), chant (‫ ب‬or. s.th.); to sing
the praises (‫ ب‬of s.o.), eulogize, extol (‫ ب‬s.o.) IV to make free from want,
make rich, enrich (‫ ه‬s.o.); to suffice (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or , s.o. or for s.o.), be sufficient, be
enough, be adequate, do (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬for s.o.), be of use, be of help (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬to

s.o.), avail, profit, benefit, help (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to satisfy, content (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o.); to
be a substitute or set off (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to s.o.), make dispensable or superfluous (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
for s.o. s.th.); to make up (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for s.th.), be a substitute (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for s.th.); to
dispense, free, relieve (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. of s.th.), spare, save (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. s.th.); to
protect, guard, help (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. against) | ‫ ﻣـﺎ اﻏـﲎ )ﻋﻨـﻪ( ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ‬to be of no use, be
of no avail (to s.o.); ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻐـﲏ ﻓﺘـﻴﻼ‬yugnī) it is of no use at all (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to s.o.), it
doesn’t help (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.) a bit, it isn’t worth a farthing V to sing, chant (‫ب‬
s.th.); to sing the praises (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬of s.o., of s.th.); to eulogize, praise, extol
1116
(‫ ب‬s.o.) VIII to become rich, gain riches (‫ ب‬by) X to become rich; not to
need, be able to spare (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), he able to dispense (‫ ﻋﻦ‬with), manage,
be able to do (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬without), have no need (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for), be in no need (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of); to
get by, do, manage, be satisfied (‫ ب‬with) | ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻐﲎ‬ ‫( ﻻ‬yustagnā) indispensable
‫ ﻏﲎ‬ginan wealth, affluence, riches | ‫ ﻻ ﻏـﲎ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬indispensable (‫ ل‬for); ‫ﻣـﺎ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﻏـﲏ‬he cannot dispense with it, he cannot do without it; ‫ ﻫـﻮ ﰲ ﻏـﲏ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬he
can dispense with it, he does not need it; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﰲ ﻏـﲏ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬to forgo, renounce
s.th., dispense with s.th., be in no need of s.th., not to need s.th., need not do
s.th.
‫ ﻏﲏ‬gunya, ginya: ‫( ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻏﻨﻴﺔ = ﻣﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻏﲏ‬ginan)
‫ ﻏـﲏ‬ganīy pl. ‫ اﻏﻨﻴـﺎء‬agniyā’ rich (‫ ب‬in), wealthy, prosperous, well-to-do |
‫ﻏـﲏ اﳊـﺮ‬ g. al-glarb war profiteer; ‫ﻏـﲏ ﻋـﻦ اﳊـﺮب‬ (bayān) self-evident, self-
explanatory; it is self-evident, it goes without saying (‫ ان‬that) ‫ ﻏﻨـﺎء‬ganā’

wealth, affluence, riches; sufficiency, adequacy; ability, capability; use,
avail, usefulness, utility (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬for) | ‫ﻻ ﻏﻨــﺎء ﻓﻴــﻪ‬
Confidential
(ganā’a) useless; it is
insufficient, inadequate, not enough, it is no good, it is to little avail, it is of
little use; ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫( ﻟﻪ ﻏﻨﺎء‬ganā’un), ‫ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻏﻨﺎء ﻋﻨـﻪ‬he can dispense with it, he does
not need it
‫ ﻏﻨﺎء‬ginā’ singing, song
‫ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ginā’ī singing-, song- (in compounds), vocal | ‫( ﺣﻔﻠﺔ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ḥafla) song
recital, concert of vocal music
‫ ﻏﻨﺎء‬gannā’2 see ‫ﻏﻦ‬
‫ اﻏﻨﻴـﺔ‬ugnīya (ignīya), ugniya (igniya) pl. -āt, ‫ اﻏـﺎن‬agānin song, melody,
tune, lay
‫ ﻣﻐﲎ‬magnan pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﺎن‬magānin habitation; (eg.) villa
‫ ﻏﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬gāniya pl. -āt, ‫ ﻏـﻮان‬gawānin pretty girl, beautiful woman, belle,
beauty
‫ ﻣﻐﻦ‬mugannin (male) singer, vocalist, chanter
‫ ﻣﻐﻨﻴﺔ‬muganniya (female) singer, vocalist, songstress, chanteuse
‫ ﻏﻴﻬﺐ‬gaihab pl. ‫ ﻏﻴﺎﻫﺐ‬gayāhib2 darkness, dark, duskiness; gloom
1117
‫ ﻏـﻮث‬IV to help, succor (‫ ه‬s.o.), go to the aid (‫ ه‬of s.o.) X to appeal for
help (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬to s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against), seek the aid (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬of s.o., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against);
to call for help
‫ ﻏﻮث‬gaut call for help; help, aid, succor
‫ ﻏﻴﺎث‬giyāt/ help. aid, succor
‫ اﻏﺎﺛـﺔ‬igāta/help, aid, succor | ‫(>)وﻛﺎﻟـﺔ اﻏﺎﺛـﺔ اﻟﻼﺟﺌـﲔ )اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌـﺔ ﻟﻸﻣـﻢ اﳌﺘﺤـﺪة‬li-l-
umami l-muttaḥda) United Nations Relief and Works Agency, UNRWA
‫ اﺳﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ‬istigāta appeal for aid; call for help
‫ ﻣﻐﻴﺚ‬mugīt helper
‫ )ﻏـﺎر )ﻏـﻮر‬gāra u (gaur) to penetrate deeply (‫ ﰲ‬into); -- gāra u a (gaur) to
fall in, link in, become hollow (eyes, and the like); to seep away. ooze away
(water); to dry up (spring) II to fall in, link in, become hollow (eyes, and the
like); to seep away, ooze away (water) IV to travel in the lowlands; to make
a predatory incursion, make a foray (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬into s.o.’s territory); to raid, invade
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬a country); to attack (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to commit aggression (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against
a nation)
Confidential
‫ ﻏـﻮر‬gaur pl. ‫ اﻏـﻮار‬agwār bottom; declivity, depression; depth (also fig.);
‫اﻟﻐـﻮر‬ designation of that part of the Syrian Graben which constitutes the
Jordan valley | ‫اﻟﻐﻮر‬ ‫ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬deep; profound, unfathomable
‫ ﻏـﺎر‬gar pl. ‫ اﻏـﻮار‬agwār, ‫ ﻏـﲑان‬gīrān cave, cavern; -- (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬laurel
tree, bay
‫ ﻏـﺎرة‬gara pl. -āt predatory incursion, raid, invasion, inroad, foray; attack
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on); a certain gait of camels | ‫( ﻏﺎرة ﺟﻮﻳﺔ‬jawwīya) air raid; ‫ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻴﺔ‬or ‫ﻏﺎرات‬
‫( ﻣﺘﻮاﺻـﻠﺔ‬mutawāṣila, mutawāliya) rolling attacks, attacks in waves; ‫ﺷـﻦ ﻏـﺎرة‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ‬šanna) to attack s.o. or s.th., launch an attack on
‫ ﻣﻐﺎر‬magār cave, cavern; grotto
‫ ﻣﻐﺎرة‬magāra pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻐﺎور‬magāwir2, ‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ‬magāyir2 cave, cavern; grotto
‫ ﻣﻐـﻮار‬migwār pl. ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎوﻳﺮ‬magawīr2 fleet, swift-running (horse); making
raids or attacks, raiding, aggressive; bold, daring, audacious; pl. ‫ﻣﻐــﺎوﻳﺮ‬
commandos, shock troops (Syr., mil.)
‫ اﻏﺎرة‬igāra pl. -āt attack (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on)
‫ ﻏﺎﺋﺮ‬gā’ir low-lying; sunk, hollow (of the eyes)
1118
‫ ﻣﻐﲑ‬mugīr assailant, raider, aggressor

‫ ﻏﻮرﻳﻼ‬gurillā gorilla
‫ ﻏﺎزي‬,‫ ﻏﺎز‬look up alphabetically
‫( ﻏﻮﻳﺸﺔ‬eg.) guwēša pl. -āt, ‫ ﻏﻮاﻳﺶ‬gawāyiš2 glass bracelet, bangle
‫ )ﻏـﺎص )ﻏـﻮص‬gāṣa u (gauṣ, ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎص‬magāṣ, ‫ ﻏﻴـﺎص‬giyāṣ, ‫ ﻏﻴﺎﺻـﺔ‬giyāṣa) to
plunge (‫ ﰲ‬into), become immersed, submerge (‫ ﰲ‬in), dive (‫ ﰲ‬into; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for);
to practice pearl-fishery II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) dive (‫ ﰲ‬into), plunge, immerse,
submerse (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.o. in)
‫ ﻏﻮﻳﺺ‬gawīṣ deep
‫ ﻏﻮاص‬gawwaṣ pl. -ūn diver; pearl diver
‫ ﻏﻮاﺻﺔ‬gawwāṣa pl. -āt submarine
‫ ﻣﻐـﺎص‬magāṣ diving place | ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎص اﻟﻠﺆﻟـﺆ‬m. al-lu’lu’ pearl diving, pearl-
fishery
1‫ ﻏـﻮط‬II to deepen, make deeper (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a well) V to evacuate the bowels,
Confidential
relieve nature
‫ ﻏـﻮط‬gauṭ pl. ‫ ﻏـﻮط‬gūṭ, ‫ اﻏـﻮاط‬agwāṭ, ‫ ﻏﻴـﺎط‬giyāṭ, ‫ ﻏﻴﻄـﺎن‬gīṭān cavity, hollow,
depression
‫ اﻟﻐﻮﻃﺔ‬al-gūṭa name of the fertile oasis on the south side of Damascus
‫ ﻏﻮﻳﻂ‬gawīṭ deep
‫ ﻏﺎﺋﻂ‬gā’iṭ human excrements, feces
2‫ ﻏﻮﻃﻰ‬gūṭī Gothic
‫ ﻏﺎﻏﺔ‬gāga mob, rabble, riffraff; noise, clamor, din, tumult
‫ ﻏﻮﻏﺎء‬gaugā’2 mob, rabble, riffraff; noise, clamor, din, tumult
‫ )ﻏﺎل )ﻏﻮل‬gāla u (gaul) to take (away) unawares, snatch, seize, grab (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to destroy (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I; to assassinate, murder (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻏﺎل‬gāl pl. -āt (syr.) padlock
‫ ﻏـﻮل‬gūl usually fem., pl. ‫ اﻏـﻮال‬agwāl, ‫ ﻏـﻴﻼن‬gīlān ghoul, a desert demon
appearing in ever varying shapes; demon, jinni, goblin, sprite; ogre,
cannibal; calamity, disaster
‫ ﻏﻴﻠﺔ‬gīla assassination | ‫( ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻏﻴﻠﺔ‬gīlatan) to assassinate s.o.
‫ اﻏﺘﻴﺎل‬igtiyā1 pl. -āt murder(ing), assassination
1119
‫ ﻏﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬gā’ila pl. ‫ ﻏﻮاﺋﻞ‬gawā’il2 calamity, disaster; ruin, havoc, danger

‫ ﻏﻮى‬gawā i (‫ ﻏﻲ‬gayy, ‫ ﻏﻮاﻳﺔ‬gawāya) to stray from the right way, go astray,
err (in one’s actions); to misguide, mislead, lead astray (‫ ه‬s.o.), seduce,
tempt, entice, lure, induce (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. to do s.th.); gawiya a to covet, desire,
like II to misguide, mislead, lead astray, tempt, seduce, entice, lure, allure (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV = II X to misguide, mislead, lead astray (‫ ه‬s.o.); to tempt, seduce,
entice, lure, bait, ensnare, beguile, win (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with)
‫ ﻏــﻲ‬gayy trespassing, transgression, offense, error, sin; seduction,
temptation, enticement, allurement
‫ ﻏﻴﺔ‬gayya, gīya pl. -āt error, sin; taste, inclination, liking
‫ ﻏﻮاﻳﺔ‬gawāya error, sin; seduction, temptation, enticement, allurement
‫ اﻏﻮﻳﺔ‬ugwiya pl. ‫ اﻏﺎوى‬agāwīy pitfall, trap
‫ اﻏﻮاء‬igwā’ seduction, temptation, enticement, allurement
‫ ﻏﺎو‬gāwin tempter, seducer, enticer, allurer; (pl. ‫ ﻏﻮاة‬guwāh) amateur, fan,
Confidential
lover, dilettante, dabbler
‫ ﻣﻐﻮاة‬mugawwāh pl. ‫ ﻣﻐﻮ ت‬mugawwayāt pitfall, trap
‫ ﻏﻰ‬II to hoist (‫ ﻫـ‬a flag)
‫ ﻏﺎﻳـﺔ‬gāya pl. -āt extreme limit; utmost degree, the outmost, extremity;
aim, goal, end, objective, intention, intent, design, purpose, destination (of a
journey) | ‫( ﻟﻐﺎﻳـﺔ‬with foll. genit.) as far as, up to, to the extent of, until, till;
‫ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳـﺔ‬extremely, very (much); ‫( ﻛـﺎن ﻏﺎﻳـﺔ ﰲ اﳉﻤـﺎل‬gāyatan, jamāl) to be of
extraordinary beauty; ‫( اﻟﻐﺎﻳـﺔ ﺗـﱪر اﻟﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ‬tubarriru l-wāsitata) the end justifies
the means; ‫ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬‫ اﻧﻄﻠﻖ‬to head or set out for one’s destination
‫ ﻏﻰ‬and ‫ ﻏﻴﺔ‬see ‫ﻏﻮي‬
O ‫ ﻏﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬gā’īya finality (philos.)
‫)ﻏـﺎب )ﻏﻴـﺐ‬ gāba i (gaib, ‫ﻏﻴﺒـﺔ‬ gaiba, ‫ﻏﻴـﺎب‬ giyāb, ‫ﻏﻴﺒﻮﺑـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻴـﺐ‬
gaibūba,
magīb) to be or remain absent, be or stay away; to absent o.s. withdraw (‫ﻋﻦ‬
from), leave (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.); to vanish (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.o.’s sight, from s.o., from
s.th.); to disappear, be swallowed up (‫ ﰲ‬in); to hide, be hidden, be concealed
1120
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); -- (‫ ﻣﻐﻴـﺐ‬magīb) to set, go down (sun, and the like) | ‫ﻏـﺎب اﻟﺸـﻲء‬
‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻟـﻪ‬the matter has slipped from his memory, he has forgotten the matter;
‫( ﻏــﺎب ﻋــﻦ ﺻـﻮاﺑﻪ‬ṣawābihī) to lose consciousness, faint, swoon, become
unconscious; ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬ ‫ ﻏﺎب ﻋﻦ‬do.; ‫( ﻻ ﺗﻐﻴﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬šamsu) it is not veiled in
darkness II to lead away, take away, carry away, remove (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
cause (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) to disappear; to hide, conceal (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.
from); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) forget everything, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) oblivious of
everything |‫ ﻏﻴﺒـﻪ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻮﺟـﻮد‬it drove him out of his mind; ‫( ﻏﻴﺒـﻪ اﻟﺜـﺮى‬tarā) the
earth covered, or buried, him V to be absent, be away, stay away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from
s.o., from s.th.); to be not present, be not there; to play truant, play hooky
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from school) VIII to slander, calumniate (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to use s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
absence for maligning him, backbite (‫ ه‬s.o.); to slander, calumniate (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ ﻏﻴـﺐ‬gaib absence; hidden, concealed, invisible; -- (pl. ‫ ﻏﻴـﻮب‬guyūb) that
which is hidden, the invisible; that which is transcendental, the supernatural;
Confidential
divine secret | ‫ ﻏﻴﺒــﺎ‬gaiban or ‫( ﻋــﻦ ﻇﻬــﺮ اﻟﻐﻴــﺐ‬ẓahri l-g.) by heart, from
memory; ‫‘ ﻋـﻼم اﻟﻐﻴـﻮب‬allām al-g. he who thoroughly knows the invisible, or
transcendental, things = God; ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺐ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﺎﱂ‬ālam al-g. the invisible world; ‫ﺑﻈﻬـﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﻐﻴـﺐ‬bi-ẓahri l-g. behind s.o.’s back, insidiously, treacherously; ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺑﻌـﲔ‬
‫( اﻟﻐﻴﺐ اﱃ‬bi-‘aini l-g.) to foresee, foreknow, divine s.th.
‫ ﻏﻴﱯ‬gaibī secret, hidden, invisible
‫ ﻏﺎﺑـﺔ‬gāba pl. -āt, ‫ ﻏـﺎب‬gāb (coll.) low ground, depression, hollow; forest,
wood, copse, thicket; jungle; reed | ‫اﳍﻨﺪي‬ ‫( اﻟﻐﺎب‬hindī) bamboo
‫ ﻏﻴﺒﺔ‬gaiba absence; concealment, invisibility
‫ ﻏﻴﺒﺔ‬gāba slander, calumniation, calumny
‫ ﻏﻴﺎب‬giyāb absence, being away; setting (of the sun)
‫ ﻏﻴـﺎﰊ‬giyābī: ‫( ﺣﻜـﻢ ﻏﻴـﺎﰊ‬ḥukm) judgment by default (jur.); ‫ ﻏﻴﺎﺑﻴـﺎ‬giyābīyan
in absence, in absentia (jur.)
‫ ﻏﻴﺎﺑـﺔ‬gayāba pl. -āt bottom, depth (of a well, of a dungeon, of a ditch, and
the like)
‫ ﻏﻴﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬gaibūba swoon, faint, unconsciousness; trance, daze, stupor
1121
‫ ﻣﻐﻴﺐ‬magīb absence; setting (of the sun)

‫ ﺗﻐﻴــﺐ‬tagayyub absence, nonattendance, being away, staying away,
truancy
‫ اﻏﺘﻴﺎب‬igtiyāb slander, calumniation, defamation; gossip about (genit.)
‫ ﻏﺎﺋـﺐ‬gā’ib pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻏﻴـﺐ‬guyyab, ‫ ﻏﻴـﺎب‬guyyāb absent, not present, not
there; hidden, concealed, unseen, invisible; third person (gram.)
‫ ﻣﻐﻴﺒﺎت‬mugayyibāt narcotics, stupefacients, anesthetics
‫ ﻣﻐﻴـﺐ‬mugayyab hidden, concealed, invisible; pl. ‫ اﳌﻐﻴﺒـﺎت‬al-mugayyabāt
the hidden, transcendental things, the divine secrets
‫ ﻣﻐﻴﺐ‬mugib and ‫ ﻣﻐﻴﺒﺔ‬woman whose husband is absent, grass widow
‫ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺐ‬mutagayyib absent (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫ ﻣﻐﺘﺎب‬mugtāb slanderer, calumniator
‫ ﻏﻴﺘﻮ‬ghetto
‫ )ﻏـﺎث )ﻏﻴـﺚ‬gaja i (gait) to water with rain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), send rain (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬upon
s.o. upon s.th., of God)
‫ ﻏﻴﺚ‬gait pl. ‫ ﻏﻴﻮث‬guyūt, ‫ اﻏﻴﺎث‬agyāt (abundant) rain
Confidential
‫ ﻏﻴﺪ‬VI to walk with a graceful, swinging gait
‫ ﻏﻴــﺪ‬gayad delicacy, slender shapeliness, tenderness, softness (of a
woman)
‫ ﻏﺎدة‬gāda pl. -āt young girl, young lady
‫ اﻏﻴـﺎد‬agyād2, ‫ ﻏﻴـﺪاء‬gaidā’ 2, ‫ ﻏﻴـﺪ‬gīd young and delicate; ‫ اﻟﻐﻴـﺪ‬the young
ladies
‫ )ﻏـﺎر )ﻏـﲑ‬gāra a (‫ ﻏـﲑة‬gaira) to be jealous (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to display zeal, vie (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
for); to be solicitous (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about. for); to guard or protect jealously (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﻦ‬
s.o., s.th. from) II to alter, modify, make different (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), change (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) III to be dissimilar, be different, differ; to be in contrast (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), be
unlike s.o. or s.th. (‫ه‬ ,‫;)ﻫ ـ‬ to change (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a garment); to interchange,
exchange (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between); to haggle, bargain, chaffer (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to vie,
compete (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to make jealous (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be altered, be
modified, be changed, change, alter, vary, undergo an alteration or change
VI to differ, be different, be heterogeneous
1122
‫ ﻏﲑ‬gair other than (with dependent genit.), different from, unlike, no, not,
non-, un-, in-, dis-; (prep.) gaira except, save, but | ‫ اﻟﻐـﲑ‬the others, fellow
men, neighbors; ‫ وﻏـﲑ ذﻟـﻚ‬,‫وﻏـﲑﻩ‬ and the like, and so forth, and so on, et
cetera; and others, and other things, et alii, et alia; ‫ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ ﻻ‬and ‫( ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻏـﲑ‬gairu)
(and) that’s all, nothing else, no more, nothing but, only, merely, solely; ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ان‬ gaira anna except that ..., however, but, yet, ...though; ‫ﻏـﲑ واﺣـﺪ‬ gaira
wāḥidin more than one, several; ‫ﻣﺮة‬ ‫ ﻏﲑ‬gaira marratin, more than once, quite
often, frequently; ‫ ﺑﻐﲑ‬bi-gairi or ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻏـﲑ‬gairi without; (‫ ﻣـﺎ( ﰲ ﻏـﲑ‬fī gairi (mā)
without (generally followed
by abstract noun), ‫( ﰲ ﻏـﲑ ﺗـﺮو‬tarawwin) without thinking, unhesitatingly;
‫( ﰲ ﻏـﲑ ﻣـﺎ ﻴـﺐ‬tahayyubin) without fear; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬ma‘rifatin) or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫‘( ﻏـﲑ ﻋﻠـﻢ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬ilmin) without his knowing or having known it, without his
knowledge, unwittingly
‫ ﻏﲑي‬gairī altruist
Confidential
‫ ﻏﲑﻳﺔ‬gairīya altruism
‫ ﻏﲑ‬giyar, ‫ ﻏﲑ اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‬g. ad-dahr vicissitudes of fate
‫ ﻏـﲑة‬gaira jealously; zeal, fervor, earnest concern, vigilant care, solicitude
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for); sense of honor, self-respect
‫ ﻏﻴـﻮر‬gayūr pl. ‫ ﻏـﲑ‬guyur (very) jealous; zealous, fervid, eager (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in, in
the pursuit of), keen, eagerly intent (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on), earnestly concerned (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with),
enthusiastic (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for)
‫ ﻏﲑان‬gairān2, f. ‫ ﻏﲑى‬gairā, pl. ‫ ﻏﻴﺎري‬gayāra = ‫ﻏﻴﻮر‬
‫ ﺗﻐﻴـﲑ‬tagyīr pl. -āt changing, alteration, modification, variation; change,
replacement, relief
‫ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ‬tagyīra pl. ‫ﺗﻐـﺎﻳﲑ‬tagāyīr2 exchange, interchange, change, replacement;
lending of books and manuscripts sheet by sheet (one malzama after the
other; eg.)
‫ ﻏﻴـﺎر‬giyār exchange, interchange, change, replacement; (pl. -āt) dressing,
bandage (of a wound) | ‫اﻟﻐﻴﺎر‬ ‫ ﻗﻄﻊ‬qiṭa‘ al-g. spare parts
‫ ﺗﻐﲑ‬tagayyur pl. -āt alteration, variation, change
1123
‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ‬mugāyir: ‫ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ﻟﻶداب‬indecent, immoral

‫ ﻣﺘﻐـﲑ‬mutagayyir changeable, variable, liable to change or alteration | ‫ﺗﻴـﺎر‬
‫( ﻣﻐﲑ‬tayyār) alternating current (el.)
(‫ﻏـﺎض‬ (‫ﻏـﻴﺾ‬ ‫ ﻣﻐـﺎض‬magāḍ) to decrease, diminish, recede,
gāḍa i (gaiḍ,
become less, dwindle away | ‫( ﻏـﺎض ﻟﻮﻧـﻪ‬launuhū) his face lost all color, he
turned pale
‫ ﻏﻴﺾ‬gaiḍ prematurely born fetus
‫ ﻏﻴﻀﺔ‬gaiḍa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻏﻴﺎض‬giyāḍ, ‫ اﻏﻴﺎض‬agyāḍ thicket, jungle
‫ ﻏﻴﻂ‬gaiṭ pl. ‫ ﻏﻴﻄﺎن‬gīṭān field
‫ )ﻏـﺎظ )ﻏـﻴﻂ‬gāẓa i (gaiẓ) to anger, enrage, infuriate, irritate, exasperate,
vex, gall (‫ ه‬s.o.) II and IV = I; V to become
furious, become angry (‫ ﻣﻦ‬with s.o., at s.th.) VII and VIII = V
‫ ﻏﻴﻆ‬gaiẓ wrath, anger, ire, exasperation, fury, rage
‫ اﻏﺘﻴﺎظ‬igtiyāẓ wrath, anger, ire, exasperation, fury, rage
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﻐﺎظ‬mungāẓ angry, irate, furious, enraged
‫ ﻣﻐﺘﺎظ‬mugtāẓ angry, irate, furious, enraged
1 ‫ ﻏﻴﻞ‬gīl pl. ‫ اﻏﻴﺎل‬agyāl thicket
‫ ﻏﺎل‬gāl pl. -āt (syr.) padlock
2 ‫ ﻏﻴﻠﺔ‬gīla and ‫ ﻏﻴﻼن‬gīlān see ‫ﻏﻮل‬
‫)ﻏـﺎم )ﻏـﻴﻢ‬ gāma i (gaim) to become cloudy, become overcast (sky); to
become fogged, become blurred II do.; to form clouds; to billow, float, waft
(smoke) IV agāma and agyama = I
‫ ﻏﻴﻢ‬gaim (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻏﻴﻮم‬guyūm ‫ ﻏﻴﺎم‬giyām clouds; mist, fog
‫ ﻏﺎﺋﻢ‬gā’im clouded, overcast; cloudy
‫ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻢ‬mutagayyim clouded, overcast
1‫ ﻏﲔ‬gain pl. -āt, ‫ ﻏﻴﻮن‬guyūn, ‫ اﻏﻴﺎن‬agyān name of the letter ‫غ‬
‫ ﻏﻴﻨﺔ‬gaina dimple on the cheek

2 ‫ ﻏﻴﲏ‬gīnī: ‫ﻏﻴﲏ‬ ‫( ﺧﻨﺰﻳﺮ‬kinzīr) guinea pig
‫ ﻏﻴﻨﻴﺎ‬gīniya Guinea | ‫ ﻏﻴﻨﻴﺎ اﳉﺪﻳﺪة‬Gīniyā l-jadīda New Guinea
‫ ﻏﻴﻬﺐ‬see ‫ﻏﻬﺐ‬
1124
Confidential
1125
‫ف‬
1‫ ف‬abbreviation of ‫ ﻓﺪان‬faddān (a square measure)
2‫ ف‬fa (conj.) then, and then; and so, thus, hence, therefore; but then, then
however; for, because; (with subjective:) so that | ‫ﻳﻮﻣـﺎ ﻓﻴﻮﻣـﺎ‬ (yauman) day
after day, day by day; ‫ﻓﺸﻴﺌﺎ‬ ‫( ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬šai’an) gradually, step by step; ‫( اﻣـﺮ ﻓﻘﺘﻠـﻮﻩ‬fa-
qatalūhu) he ordered him to be killed
‫ ﻓﺎن‬fa-inna (with foll. suffix or noun in acc.) for, because
‫ ﻓﺎء‬name of the letter ‫ف‬
‫ ﻓﺎﺑﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬fābrīqa and ‫ ﻓﺎﺑﺮﻳﻜﺔ‬pl. -āt, ‫ ﻓﺒﺎرك‬fabārik2 factory, plant
‫ ﻓﺄت‬VIII to tell lies (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬about); to take violent measures (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against); to
violate (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬a duty, etc.); pass. ‫ اﻓﺘﺌﺖ‬uftu’ita to die suddenly | ‫ﺑﺮﺋﻴـﻪ‬ ‫( اﻓﺘﺄت‬bi-
ra’yihī) to act on one’s own judgment
‫ اﻓﺘﺂت‬ifti’āt oppression, violence
‫( ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة‬It. fattura) fātūra pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﺗﲑ‬fawātīr2 invoice, bill
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‫ اﻟﻔﺎﺗﻴﻜﺎن‬al-fātīkān, al-vatikān the Vatican
‫ ﻓﺆاد‬fu’ād pl. ‫ اﻓﺌﺪة‬af’ida heart
‫ ﻓﺆادﻳـﺔ‬fu’ādīya “Fuad cap”, summer field-cup of the Egyptian Air Force
(1939)
‫ ﻓﺄر‬fa’r (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻓﺌﺮان‬fi’rān mouse; rat
‫ ﻓﺎر‬fār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻓﲑان‬fīrān mouse; rat
‫ ﻓﺎرة‬fāra (= ‫ ﻓﺄرة‬fa’ra) mouse; (pl. -āt) plane (tool)
‫ ﻓﺎرس‬fāris2 Persia, also ‫ﺑﻼد ﻓﺎرس‬
‫ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ‬fārisī Persian; a Persian
‫ ﻓﺎروز‬fārūz turquoise
‫ ﻓﺎزﻟﲔ‬fazlīn, vazlīn vazeline
‫ ﻓﺄس‬fa’s f., pl. ‫ ﻓﺆوس‬fu’ūs, ‫ اﻓﺆس‬af’us ax, hatchet; hoe
1‫ ﻓﺎس‬fās = ‫ ﻓﺄس‬fa’s
2‫ ﻓﺎس‬fās2 Fez or Fès (city in Morocco)

‫ ﻓﺎﺷﺴﱵ‬fāšistī fascist(ic); a fascist
‫ ﻓﺎﺷﺴﺘﻴﺔ‬fāšistīya fascism
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‫ ﻓﺎﺷﻲ‬fāšī fascist(ic); a fascist

‫ ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬fāšīya fascism
‫ ﻓﺎﺻـﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬fāṣūliyā (eg.-syr.) common European bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.;
bot.)
‫ ﻓﺄﻓﺄ‬fa’fa’a to stammer, stutter
‫( ﻓﺎﻛﻮن‬Fr. wagon) fākōn pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﻛﲔ‬fawākīn2 (railroad) car, coach
‫ ﻓـﺄل‬VI to regard as a good omen, as an auspicious beginning (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
be optimistic
‫ ﻓـﺄل‬fa’l pl. ‫ ﻓـﺆول‬fu’ūl, ‫ اﻓـﺆل‬af’ul good omen, favorable auspice; optimistic
outlook, hope; omen, auspice, sign | ‫ﻗـﺮأ اﻟﻔـﺄل‬ to tell fortunes, predict the
future
‫ ﺗﻔﺎؤل‬tafā’ul optimism
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﺋﻞ‬mutafā’il optimistic; optimist
‫( ﻓﺎﻟﺲ‬Fr. valse) vals waltz
‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻮذج‬fālūdaj a sweet made of flour and honey
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‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻮذﺟﻰ‬fālūdajī soft and flabby, like fālūdaj
‫ ﻓﺌﺎم‬fi’ām group (of people)
‫ ﻓﺈن‬fa-inna see 2‫ ف‬fa
‫ ﻓﺎﻧﻠــﺔ‬fanella and ‫ ﻓــﺎﻧﻼ‬pl. -āt flannel; undershirt; pl. ‫ ﻓــﺎﻧﻼت‬fanellāt
underwear, underclothing
‫ ﻓــﺎﻧﻮس‬fānūs pl. ‫ ﻓـﻮاﻧﻴﺲ‬fawānīs2 lantern | ‫( ﻓــﺎﻧﻮس ﺳــﺤﺮي‬siḥrī) laterna
magica, magic lantern; (slide) projector
‫ ﻓﺌﺔ‬fi’a pl. -āt group, class; troop, band, party; platoon (of light arms; Syr.,
mil.); rate (of taxation), (tax) bracket; tax, rate, fee; price
‫ ﻓﺎورﻳﻘﺔ‬fāwarīqa pl. ‫ ﻓﻮارق‬fawārīq2 factory plant
‫ ﻓﺎﻳﻆ‬fāyiẓ (=‫ )ﻓﺎﺋﺾ‬see ‫ﻓﻴﻆ‬
‫ ﻓﱪاﻳﺮ‬fabrāyir February
‫ ﻓﺒﺎرك‬fabārik2 (pl.) factories, plants
‫ ﻓـﺖ‬fatta u (fatt) to weaken, undermine, sap (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) | ‫ ﰲ ﺳـﺎﻋﺪﻩ‬or ‫ﻓـﺖ ﰲ‬
‫‘( ﻋﻀـﺪﻩ‬aḍudihī) to weaken s.o., sap s.o.’s strength, discourage, enervate s.o.
II to crumble, fritter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to divide into small fragments (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻳﻔﺘـﺖ‬
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‫)اﻟﻘﻠ ــﺐ )اﻷﻛﺒ ــﺎد‬ (qalba) heartbreaking, heart-rending V to crumble,

disintegrate, break up into fragments VII = V
‫ ﻓﺘﺔ‬fatta a kind of bread soup
‫ ﻓﺘﺎت‬futāt crumbs, morsels
‫ ﻓﺘﻴﺖ‬fatīt crumbs, crumbled bread
‫ ﻓﺘﻴﺘﺔ‬fatīta a kind of bread soup
‫ ﻓﺘﺄ‬fata’a a and ‫ ﻓﺘﺊ‬fati’a a (with negation) not to cease, to be (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); ‫ﻓﺘـﺊ‬
fati’a a (‫ ﻓـﺖء‬fat’) to desist, refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), cease (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬doing s.th.), stop
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th., doing s.th.) | ‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬‫ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺘﺊ‬not to cease doing, do incessantly
‫ ﻓـﺘﺢ‬fataḥa a (fatḥ) to open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a faucet); to switch on,
turn on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an apparatus); to dig (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a canal); to build (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a road) ; to open,
preface, introduce, begin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to conquer, capture (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to reveal,

disclose (‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o. s.th.); to grant victory or success (‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o. over or
in s.th.; of God), give into s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬power (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; of God); to open the
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gates (of profit) (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.; of God); to infuse, imbue, inspire, endow (‫ ب‬or
‫ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.o. with; of God); (gram.) to pronounce with the vowel a (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
consonant) | ‫اﻟﺒﺨـﺖ‬‫( ﻓـﺘﺢ‬bakta) to tell fortunes; ‫‘( ﻓـﺘﺢ ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ آﺧﺮﳘـﺎ‬ainaihi)
to open one’s eyes wide, stare wide-eyed; ‫( ﻓـﺘﺢ اﻟﺸـﻬﻴﺔ‬šahīyata) to stimulate
the appetite II to open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (of a dower) to open III to address first (‫ه‬
s.o.), speak first (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to open the conversation or talk (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬with s.o.
about); to disclose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬in on s.th. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ )ب‬V
to open, open up, unfold (intr.); to be opened (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬so that s.th. becomes
perceptible); to be open, be responsive (heart) VII to open, open up, unfold
(intr.); to be opened VIII to open, inaugurate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to introduce, preface,
begin (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ s.th. with); to conquer, capture (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to begin, start,
commence (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to seek the assistance of God (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against), implore
God for victory (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over)

‫ ﻓــﺘﺢ‬opening; introduction, commencement, beginning | ‫ﻓــﺘﺢ اﻻﻋﺘﻤــﺎد‬
opening of a credit, presentation of a letter of credit; -- (pl. ‫ﻓﺘـﻮح‬ futūḥ,
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‫ﻓﺘﻮﺣـﺎت‬ futūḥāt) conquest; victory, triumph; pl. ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺣـﺎت‬ alms; donations,

contributions (for a zāwiya; Tun.)
‫ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬the vowel point a (gram.)
‫ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬futḥa pl. ‫ ﻓﺘﺢ‬futaḥ, -āt opening, aperture, breach, gap, hole; sluice
‫ ﻓﺘـﺎح‬fattāḥ opener (of the gates of profit, of sustenance; one of the
attributes of God)
‫ ﻓﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬fattāḥa pl. -āt can opener
‫ ﻣﻔﺘـﺎح‬miftāḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﻔـﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬mafātīḥ2 key (to a door, of a keyboard, esp. that of
a piano); switch (el., railroad); lever, pedal (of a vehicle); knob (on a radio);
stop (of a wind instrument); valve (of a trumpet); peg, pin (of a stringed
instrument)
‫ ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺣﺠﻲ‬miftāḥjī (railroad) switchman
‫ ﻣﻔﺎﲢﺔ‬mufātaḥa opening of a conversation
‫ اﻓﺘﺘـﺎح‬iftitāḥ opening, inauguration; introduction, beginning | ‫ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ اﻻﻓﺘﺘـﺎح‬
lailat al-ift. première, opening night
‫ اﻓﺘﺘـﺎﺣﻲ‬iftitāḥī opening, introductory, preliminary, prefatory, proemial;
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inaugurational | ‫( ﻣﺒﻠـﻎ اﻓﺘﺘـﺎﺣﻲ‬mablag) opening bid, lowest bid (at auctions);
‫( ﻓﺼـﻞ )ﻣﻘـﺎل( اﻓﺘﺘـﺎﺣﻲ‬faṣl, maqāl) and ‫( ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﺔ اﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴـﺔ‬maqāla) editorial, leading
article, leader; ‫( ﻟﻴﻠﺔ اﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬laila) première, opening night
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬iftiftāḥīya editorial, leading article, leader; overture (mus.)
‫ اﺳـﺘﻔﺘﺎح‬istiftāḥ start, beginning, commencement, inception, incipience;
earnest money, handsel
‫ ﻓـﺎﺗﺢ‬fātiḥ opener; beginner; conqueror, victor; light (color) | ‫ ﻓـﺎﺗﺢ اﻟﺒﺨـﺖ‬f.
al-bakt fortuneteller; ‫ﻓﺎﺗﺢ‬ ‫ ارزق‬light-blue
‫ ﻓﺎﲢـﺔ‬fātiḥa pl. ‫ ﻓـﻮاﺗﺢ‬fawātiḥ2 start, opening, beginning, commencement,
inception, incipience; introduction, preface, preamble, proem | ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﲢﺔ‬or ‫ﻓﺎﲢﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬name of the first sura
‫ ﻣﻔﺘـﻮح‬maftūḥ opened, open | ‫( اﻟﺒـﺎب ﻣﻔﺘـﻮح ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﺼـﺮاﻋﻴﻪ‬miṣrā‘aihi) the door
is wide open
‫ ﻣﻔﺘﺢ‬mufattaḥ appetizing; (pl. -āt) aperitif
‫ ﻣﻔﺘــﺘﺢ‬muftataḥ start, beginning, commencement, inception, opening,
inauguration
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2‫ ﻓـﱰ‬fatara u (‫ ﻓﺘـﻮر‬futūr) to abate, subside; to become listless, become

languid, languish, flag, slacken; to cool off, become tepid, become
lukewarm (water); to slacken, flag, become lax, become remiss, let up (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
in) II to cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to subside, abate, allay, mitigate, ease, soothe (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to make languid, make listless, exhaust, slacken. weaken, sap,
enfeeble (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make tepid (‫ ﻫـ‬water) IV to make languid, make
listless, exhaust, Blacken, weaken, sap, enfeeble (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to
become listless, become languid, languish, flag, slacken; to become tepid,
become lukewarm (water)
‫ ﻓـﱰ‬fitr pl. ‫ اﻓﺘـﺎر‬aftār small span (the space between the end of the thumb
and the end of the index finger when extended); corner
‫ ﻓـﱰة‬fatra lassitude, languor, listlessness, slackness, weakness, feebleness,
debility; tepidity, indifference, coolness (of a feeling); -- (pl. fatarāt) interval
of time, intermission, pause; period, spell, while | ‫ﻓـﱰة اﻻﻧﺘﻘـﺎل‬ transition
period; ‫واﺧﺮى‬ ‫( ﺑﲔ ﻓﱰة‬wa-ukrā) now and then, from time to time; ‫ﰲ اﻟﻔﱰة ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﻔﱰة‬at certain intervals, now and then, off and on, once in a while
Confidential
‫ ﻓﺘـﻮر‬futūr lassitude, languor, listlessness, slackness, laxity, slackening,
flagging; tepidity
‫ ﻓﺎﺗﺮ‬fātir languid, weak, feeble, listless, slack, loose, flabby; dull, listsless,
stagnant (stock exchange); tepid, lukewarm
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﱰ‬mutafattir intermittent
2‫ ﻓﺎﺗﻮرة‬pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﺗﺮ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﺘﺶ‬II to examine (thoroughly), scrutinize, search, investigate, explore (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.); to look, search (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into s.th.); to inquire (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬about, after), look, search
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for); to supervise, superintend, control, inspect (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to be in charge, exercise supervision, control, or inspection (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of)
‫ ﻓﺘﺎش‬fattāš thorough examiner, investigator, explorer, researcher
‫ ﺗﻔﺘـﻴﺶ‬taftīš pl. ‫ ﺗﻔـﺎﺗﻴﺶ‬tafātīš2 examination, scrutiny, searching, search;
investigation; inquiry, research, exploration; supervision, superintendence,
control, charge; inspection; survey, review; controlling body, board of
control; inquisition; circle of irrigation, irrigation district, also ‫ ﺗﻔﺘـﻴﺶ اﻟـﺮي‬t.
ar-rīy (Eg.) | ‫ﺟﻮي‬ ‫( ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬jawwī) aerial inspection
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‫ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺸﻲ‬taftīšī išnvestigational, investigatory, examining, examinatory

‫ ﻣﻔــﺘﺶ‬mufattiš inspector, supervisor | ‫( ﻣﻔــﺘﺶ ﺑﻴﻄــﺮي‬baiṭarī) veterinary
inspector (Eg.); ‫اﻟﺮي‬ ‫ ﻣﻔﺘﺶ‬m. ar-rīy irrigation inspector (Eg.)
‫ ﻣﻔﺘﺸﻴﺔ‬mufattišīya inspectorate
‫ ﻓﺘﻔـﺖ‬fatfata to speak secretly (‫ اﱃ‬to); to fritter, crumble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp.
bread)
‫ ﻓﺘﻔﻮﺗﺔ‬fatfūta pl. ‫ ﻓﺘﺎﻓﻴﺖ‬fatāfīt2 crumb, morsel (esp. of bread)
‫ ﻓﺘـﻖ‬fataqa u (fatq) to undo the sewing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th., e.g., of a garment),
unsew, unstitch, rip, rip open, tear apart, rend, slash, slit open (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), | ‫ﻓﺘﻖ‬
‫( اﻟـﺬﻫﻦ‬dihna) to make s.o. see his way clear, cause s.o. to see things in their
true light; ‫اﳊﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫( اﻟﻀﺮورة ﺗﻔﺘﻖ‬ḥīlata) necessity is the mother of invention; ‫ﻓﺘﻘﺖ‬
‫ ﻟﻪ ﺣﻴﻠـﺔ‬futiqat lahū ḥīlatun a ruse came to his mind II to unsew, unstitch, rip,
tear, etc. (= I; ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be unsewn, be unstitched (e.g., a garment), be
ripped open, be torn apart, be rent, be slashed, be slit open; to bring forth,
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produce (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to hatch, contrive, devise (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th., fig., of the mind) VII
to be unsewn, be unstitched (e.g., a garment), be ripped open, be torn apart,
be rent, be slashed, be slit open; to bring forth, produce (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﺘـﻖ‬fatq pl. ‫ ﻓﺘـﻮق‬futūq rip, rent, tear, cleft, crack, fissure, slit, slash; hole
(e.g., in a stocking); hernia, rupture (med.) | ‫( ﻣﺼـﺎب ﻟﻔﺘـﻖ‬muṣāb) afflicted
with hernia; person suffering from hernia
‫ ﻓﺘﺎق‬fitāq hernia, rupture (med.)
‫ ﻓﺘﻴﻖ‬fatīq unstitched, ripped, ripped open, slit, rent, torn; sharp
‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻮق‬maftūq unstitched, ripped, ripped open, slit, rent, torn; afflicted with
hernia
‫ ﻓﺘـﻚ‬fataka u i (fatk) to assassinate, murder, slay, kill (‫ ب‬s.o.), destroy,
annihilate (‫ ب‬s.th.); to attack suddenly, assault (‫ ب‬s.o.) | ‫ﻓﺘـﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﻓﺘﻜـﺎ ذرﻳﻌـﺎ‬
(fatkan darī‘an) to cut off, destroy, wipe out, eradicate, extirpate,
exterminate s.o.; to decimate, thin the ranka of ... (esp., said of a disease)
‫ ﻓﺘﻚ‬fatk assassination, murder; destruction, annihilation
‫ ﻓﺘﻜﺔ‬fatka pl. -āt devastation, ravage, havoc
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‫ ﻓﺘﺎك‬fattāk deadly, lethal, murderous; of disastrous effect, wreaking havoc

(‫ ب‬on)
‫ اﻓﺘﻚ‬aftak2 deadlier, more destructive
‫ ﻓﺎﺗﻚ‬fātik pl. ‫ ﻓﺘﺎك‬futtāk assassin, murderer, killer
‫ ﻓﺘﻞ‬fatala i (fatl) to twist together, twine, entwine, plait, throw (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
spin (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II to twist, twine, wreathe, wind, weave, plait (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to splice
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a rope) V to be twisted, be twined, be plaited, be woven, be wound VII =
V; to turn on one’s heel and leave, turn away (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from) | ‫ اﻧﻔﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎب‬to slip
out the door
‫ ﻓﺘﻠـﺔ‬fatla (n. vic.) twist(ing), twining, plaiting; (eg.; pl. ‫ ﻓﺘـﻞ‬fital) thread |
‫( ﴰﻊ اﻟﻔﺘﻠﺔ‬šlammā‘a) to make off, make a getaway, beat it
‫ ﻓﺘﻴـﻞ‬fatīl twisted, twined, entwined, plaited, wreathed, wound, woven,
coiled; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ ﻓﺘﺎﺋـﻞ‬fatā’il) wick; gauze tampon; fuse, slow match, match
cord | ‫ﻓﺘـﻴﻼ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻐـﲏ‬yugnī) it is of no use at all (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.o.), it won’t help him
Confidential
(‫ )ﻋﻨﻪ‬a bit, it isn’t worth a farthing; ‫( ﻻ ﳚﺪي ﻓﺘﻴﻼ‬yujdī) = ‫ﻻ ﻳﻐﲏ ﻓﺘﻴﻼ‬
‫ ﻓﺘﻴﻠﺔ‬fatīla pl. -āt, ‫ ﻓﺘﺎﺋﻞ‬fatā’il2 wick; O filament of a light bulb
‫ ﻓﺘﺎل‬fattāl ropemaker, cordmaker
‫ ﻣﻔﺘـﻮل‬maftūl strapping, sturdy, husky; (watch) tower (Nejd) | ‫ﻣﻔﺘـﻮل اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬
muscular, brawny, strong, husky, burly
‫ ﻓـﱳ‬falana i (fatn, ‫ ﻓﺘـﻮن‬futūn) to turn away (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. from); to subject to
temptations or trials, seduce, tempt, entice, allure, beguile (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
enamor, charm, enchant, captivate, enthrall, enrapture, fascinate, infatuate (.
s.o.); -- fatana i (fatn) to torture, torment (‫ ه‬s.o.); to denounce (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.),
inform (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.); pass. futina to be charmed, be enraptured, be
infatuated (‫ ب‬by), be enamored (‫ ب‬of), be in love (‫ ب‬with); to be crazy (‫ب‬
over), be like mad (‫ ب‬after) IV to enamor, charm, enchant, captivate,
enthrall, enrapture, fascinate, infatuate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to subject to temptations
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to be charmed, be tempted, be infatuated; act. iftatana and pass.

uftutina: to be subjected to temptations, be lead from the right course; pass.
uftutina = futina
1132
‫ ﻓﺘﻨــﺔ‬fitna pl. ‫ ﻓــﱳ‬fitan temptation, trial; charm, charmingness,

attractiveness; enchantment, captivation, fascination, enticement,
temptation; infatuation; intrigue; sedition, riot, discord, dissension, civil
strife
‫ ﻓﺘــﺎن‬fattān fascinating, captivating, enchanting, charming; tempter,
seducer; denunciator, informer, slanderer
;jil alu.,,· more charming, more attractive, more delightful
‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻦ‬mafātin2 charming qualities; charms; magic powers
‫ ﻓـﺎﺗﻦ‬fātin pl. ‫ ﻓـﻮاﺗﻦ‬fawātin2 tempting, alluring, seductive, fascinating,
captivating, enchanting, charming; tempter, seducer
‫ ﻣﻔﺘـﻮن‬maftūn fascinated, captivated, infatuated, enraptured, charmed (‫ب‬
by); enamored (‫ ب‬of), in love (‫ ب‬with); madman, maniac
(‫ ﻓﺘﻮ‬and ‫ﻓﱴ‬ (‫ ﻓﱵ‬fatiya a (‫ ﻓﺘﺎء‬fatā’) to be youthful, young, adolescent IV to
give a formal legal opinion (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬to s.o. in or regarding; Isl. Law); to furnish
(‫ ه‬s.o.) with information (‫ ﰲ‬about), expound, set forth (‫ ﰲ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to
deliver an opinion (‫ ﰲ‬about), decide by a legal opinion (‫ ب‬for or in favor of
Confidential
s.th.), state as a (legal) opinion (‫ ن‬that) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for a formal legal
opinion (‫ ﰲ‬in or regarding; Isl. Law); to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for a formal opinion (‫ﰲ‬
about), request information (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬of s.o. about), seek s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬counsel (‫ﰲ‬
in, about), consult (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.o. in, about), ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬opinion (‫ ﰲ‬about)
‫ ﻓﱴ‬fatan pl. ‫ ﻓﺘﻴﺎن‬futyān, ‫ ﻓﺘﻴـﺔ‬fitya youth, adolescent, juvenile, young man;

slave; hero; pl. young people, adolescents, juveniles
‫ ﻓﺘﺎة‬fatāh pl. ‫ ﻓﺘﻴﺎت‬fatayāt young woman, (young) girl
‫ ﻓﺘﺎء‬fatā’ youth, adolescence
‫ ﻓﱵ‬fatīy youthful, juvenile, adolescent, young
‫ ﻓﺘﻴﺔ‬fatīya youthfulness, juvenility
‫ ﻓﺘـﻮى‬fatwā pl. ‫ ﻓﺘـﺎو‬fatāwin, ‫ ﻓﺘـﺎوى‬fatāwā futwa, formal legal opinion (Isl.
Law)
‫ ﻓﺘﻴﺎ‬futyā formal legal opinion (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻓﺘـﻮة‬futūwa youth, adolescence; the totality of the noble, chivalrous
qualities of a man, noble manliness, magnanimity, generosity,
nobleheartedness, chivalry; designation of Islamic brotherhoods of the
Middle Ages, governed by chivalrous precepts; name of several youth
1133
organizations in Arabic countries; (eg.; pl. -āt) bully, brawler. rowdy, tough;
racketeer (eg.)
‫ اﻓﺘـﺎء‬iftā’ deliverance of formal legal opinions (Isl. Law); office of mufti
(Isl. Law); deliverance of formal opinions, advising, advice, counseling
‫ اﺳـﺘﻔﺘﺎء‬istiftā’ request for a formal legal opinion (Isl. Law); consulting,
consultation; referendum, plebiscite, also ‫اﺳــﺘﻔﺘﺎء اﻟﺸــﻌﺐ‬ ist. aš-ša‘b and
‫( اﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎء ﺷﻌﱯ‬ša‘bī)
‫ ﻣﻔـﺖ‬muftin pl. ·fl" deliverer of formal legal oplnions (Isl. Law); official
expounder of Islamic law, mufti | ‫اﳌﺼـﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻔـﱵ اﻟـﺪ ر‬miṣrīya) Grand Mufti of
Egypt; ‫اﳌﻔﱵ‬ ‫ ﲰﺎﺣﺔ‬samāḥat al-m. (title of a mufti) His Eminence the Mufti
‫ ﻓﺜﺄ‬fata’a a (‫ ﻓﺚء‬fat’) to quench, still (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., hunger, thirst, also fig.)
‫ ﻓﺞ‬fajja u (fajj): ‫( ﻓﺞ رﺟﻠﻴﻪ‬rijlaihi) to straddle IV to stride, hurry
‫ ﻓﺞ‬fajj pl. ‫ ﻓﺠﺎج‬fijāj way, road between two mountains | ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺞ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬or
‫ﻣــﻦ ﻛــﻞ ﻓــﺞ وﺻــﻮب‬ (wa-ṣaubin) from all sides, from all directions, from
everywhere
Confidential
‫ ﻓﺞ‬fijj unripe, green (fruit); blunt, rude (speech)
‫ ﻓﺠـﺄ‬faja’a and ‫ ﻓﺠـﺊ‬faji’a a (‫ ﻓـﺞء‬faj’, ‫ ﻓﺠـﺄة‬faj’a, ‫ ﻓﺠـﺎءة‬fujā’a) and III to
come suddenly, descend unexpectedly (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), confront (‫ ه‬s.o.)
suddenly or unexpectedly, take (‫ ه‬s.o.) by surprise, surprise (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with),
attack, assail (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ ﻓﺠﺄة‬faj’atan suddenly, unexpectedly, inadvertently, unawares
‫ ﻓﺠﺎءة‬fujā’atan suddenly, unexpectedly, inadvertently, unawares
‫ ﻓﺠﺎﺋﻲ‬fujā’ī sudden, unexpected, surprising
‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺄة‬mufāja’a pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺂت‬mufāja’āt surprise
‫ ﻓﺎﺟﺊ‬fāji’ sudden, unexpected, surprising
‫ ﻣﻔــﺎﺟﺊ‬mufāji’ sudden, unexpected, surprising; pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌــﺎت‬surprising
events, surprises
‫ ﻓﺠﺮ‬fajara u (fajr) to cleave, break up, dig up (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., the ground); -- (‫ﻓﺠﻮر‬
fujūr) to act immorally, sin, live licentiously, lead a dissolute life, indulge in
debauchery; to commit adultery II to create an outlet or passage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for
water, and the like), let (‫ ﻫ ـ‬water, and the like) flow or pour forth; to split,
1134
cleave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to explode (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to commit adultery V to gush out,

spurt forth, break forth, break out, erupt, burst out VII = V; to go off,
discharge, burst; to burst forth; to explode, detonate; to overflow (‫ ب‬with);
to descend suddenly, break in, rush in, swoop down (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon)
‫ ﻓﺠﺮ‬fajr dawn, daybreak, morning twilight; dawn (fig.), beginning, outset,
start; (f.) morning prayer (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻓﺠـﻮر‬fujūr immorality, iniquity, depravation, dissolution, debauchery,
licentiousness, profligacy, dissolute life, fornication, whoredom
‫ ﺗﻔﺠﺮ‬tafajjur outbreak, outburst, eruption
‫ اﻧﻔﺠـﺎر‬infijār pl. -āt outbreak, outburst, eruption; explosion, detonation |
‫ ﻣﻮاد اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬mawādd al-inf. explosives
‫ اﻧﻔﺠﺎري‬infijārī explosive, blasting (adj.)
‫ ﻓﺎﺟﺮ‬fājir pl. ‫ ﻓﺠـﺎر‬fujjār, ‫ ﻓﺠـﺮة‬fajara libertine, profligate, debauchee, roué,
rake; adulterer; liar; insolent, impudent, shameless, brazen
‫ ﻓﺎﺟﺮة‬fājira pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﺟﺮ‬fawājir2 adulteress; whore, harlot
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﺠﺮ‬mutafajjir explosive, blasting (adj.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺠﺮ‬munfajir explosive, blasting (adj.)
‫ ﻓﺠـﻊ‬faja‘a a (faj‘) to inflict suffering and grief (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), afflict,
distress (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make miserable (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬by bereaving him of s.o.) |
‫ﻓﺠـﻊ ﺑﻮﻟـﺪﻩ‬ fuji‘a bi-waladihī he was stricken by the death of his eon II to
torment, torture, distress, grieve (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.) V to be or become
painfully affected, be mentally distressed
‫ ﻓﺠﻌﺔ‬faj‘a gluttony
‫ ﻓﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬fajā‘a gluttony
‫ ﻓﺠﻮع‬fajū‘ painful, grievous, trying, distressing
‫ ﻓﺠﻴﻌﺔ‬fajī‘a pl. ‫ ﻓﺠﺎﺋﻊ‬fajā’i‘2 misfortune, calamity, disaster
‫ ﻓﺠﻌﺎن‬faj‘ān voracious, insatiable; glutton, ravenous eater
‫ ﺗﻔﺠﻊ‬tafajju‘ agony, mental distress, affliction, suffering, grief
‫ ﻓﺎﺟﻊ‬fāji‘ painful, grievous, trying, distressing
‫ ﻓﺎﺟﻌـﺔ‬fāji‘a pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﺟـﻊ‬fawāji‘ misfortune, diluter, calamity; catastrophe;
drama, tragedy
‫ ﻣﻔﺠﻌﺎت‬mufajji‘āt horrors, terrors
1135
‫ ﺗﻔﺠﻌﻦ‬tafaj‘ana to eat greedily, ravenously, be gluttonous

‫ ﻓﺠﻌﻨﺔ‬faj‘ana gluttony
‫ ﻓﺠﻔــﺞ‬fajfaja garrulous, loquacious; thoughtless chatterer, windbag;
braggart, boaster, swaggerer
‫ ﻓﺠﻞ‬fujl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻓﺠﻮل‬fujūl radish (Raphanus sativus L.; bot.)
‫ )ﻓﺠﺎ )ﻓﺠﻮ‬fajā u (fajw) to open (‫ ﻫـ ه‬door)
‫ ﻓﺠﻮة‬fajwa pl. fajawāt, ‫ ﻓﺠﺎء‬fijā’ opening, aperture, breach, gap, interstice;
(horisontal) tombstone
‫ ﻓﺢ‬faḥḥa u i (faḥḥ, ‫ ﻓﺤﻴﺢ‬faḥīḥ) to hiss (snake), whistle (storm)
‫ ﻓﺤـﺶ‬faḥuša u (fuḥš) to be monstrous; to be excessive, exorbitant; to be
detestable, abominable, atrocious, obscene, indecent, foul, shameless,
impudent IV to use obscene language; to commit atrocities VI = I and IV
‫ ﻓﺤـﺶ‬fuḥš monstrosity; abominableness, atrocity; obscenity, indecency;
obscene language
‫ ﻓﺤﺸــﺎء‬faḥšā’2 monstrosity, abomination, atrocity, vile deed, crime;
adultery, fornication, whoredom
Confidential
‫ ﻓﺤـﺎش‬faḥḥāš obscene, lewd, shameless in speech or action | ‫ﻟﻴـﻒ ﻓﺤـﺎش‬
pornography
‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺶ‬tafāḥuš monstrosity, abominableness
‫ ﻓــﺎﺣﺶ‬fāḥiš monstrous; immoderate, excessive, exorbitant, absurd,
preposterous, nonsensical; detestable, loathsome, abominable, atrocious,
repugnant, disgusting; dirty, foul, vile, indecent, obscene; shameless,
impudent
‫ ﻓﺎﺣﺸــﺔ‬fāḥiša harlot, whore, prostitute; -- (pl. ‫ ﻓ ـﻮاﺣﺶ‬fawāḥiš2)
monstrosity, abomination, atrocity, vile deed, crime; adultery, fornication,
whoredom
‫ ﻣﻔﺤﺸﺔ‬mufḥiša harlot, whore
‫ ﻓﺤﺺ‬faḥaṣa a (faḥṣ) to scratch up (‫ ﻫـ‬the ground); to examine (‫ ه‬s.o., also
medically, ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), test (‫ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), investigate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), scrutinize (‫ﻫ ـ‬,
s.o., s.th.); to search (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for), inquire (‫ ﻋﻦ‬about, into s.th.), seek information
(‫ ﻋــﻦ‬about) V to search (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬for), inquire (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬about, into s.th.), seek

information (‫ ﻋﻦ‬about); to examine (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o., medically)
‫ ﻓﺤﺺ‬faḥš pl. ‫ ﻓﺤﻮص‬fuḥūš test; examination (in general, school, medical);
(medical) checkup; investigation, scrutiny; search, inquiry
1136
‫ اﻓﺤـﻮص‬ufḥūṣ pl. ‫ اﻓـﺎﺣﻴﺺ‬afāḥīṣ2 dugout hollow in the ground in which a

bird lays ito eggs, nesting place, breeding place
‫ ﻓﺤﻞ‬X to become dreadful, terrible, momentous, serious, difficult (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for
s.o.; affair), to get out of control, become excessive, become irreparable
(damage)
‫ ﻓﺤـﻞ‬faḥl pl. ‫ ﻓﺤـﻮل‬fuḥūl, ‫ ﻓﺤﻮﻟـﺔ‬fuḥūla male (of large animals), stallion;
outstanding personality, luminary, star, master; a paragon (of) | ‫اﻟﺸـﻌﺮاء‬
‫( اﻟﻔﺤﻮل‬šu‘arā’) the master poets
‫ ﻓﺤﻮﻟﺔ‬fuḥūla excellence, perfection
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺤﺎل‬istifḥāl dreadfulness, terribleness, gravity, seriousness; difficulty
‫ ﻣﺴ ــﺘﻔﺤﻞ‬mustafḥil dreadful, terrible; grave, serious; difficult;
overwhelming, overpowerful, rampant, spreading dangerously
‫ ﻓﺤـﻢ‬faḥuma u (‫ ﻓﺤـﻮم‬fuḥūm, ‫ ﻓﺤﻮﻣـﺔ‬fuḥūma) to be or become black; --
faḥama a (faḥm) to be dumfounded, nonplused, unable to answer II to
blacken (with charcoal), make black (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o. s.th.); to char, carbonize,
reduce to charcoal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to dumfound, nonplus, strike dumb (‫ ه‬s.o.);
Confidential
to silence (‫ ه‬s.o.) with arguments; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) off brusquely, give s.o. (‫)ه‬
the brush-off
‫ ﻓﺤـﻢ‬faḥm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬charcoal(s); coal(s); pl. ‫ ﻓﺤﻮﻣـﺎت‬fuḥūmāt coals,
brands of coal | ‫( ﻓﺤـﻢ ﺣﺠـﺮي‬ḥajarī) soft coal, bituminous coal; ‫ﻓﺤـﻢ ﺣﻄـﺐ‬
ḥaṭab charcoal; ‫ ﻓﺤﻢ ﻗﻮاﻟﺐ‬briquettes; ‫( ﻓﺤﻢ ﻛﻮك‬kōk) coke
‫ ﻓﺤﻤـﺔ‬faḥma pl. faḥamāt lump of coal | ‫ ﻓﺤﻤـﺔ اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬f. al-lail deep-black

night; -- (pl. ‫ ﻓﺤﺎم‬fiḥām, ‫ ﻓﺤﻮم‬fuḥūm) blackness
‫ ﻓﺤﻤﻲ‬faḥmī black, coal-black
‫ ﻓﺤﻴﻢ‬faḥīm black
‫ ﻓﺤﺎم‬faḥḥām coal merchant, coal dealer; collier, miner
‫ ﻓـﺎﺣﻢ‬fāḥim black | ‫ اﺳـﻮد ﻓـﺎﺣﻢ‬aswad or ‫ ﻓـﺎﺣﻢ اﻟﺴـﻮاد‬f. as-sawād coal, black,
pitch, black, jet-black
‫ ﻓﺤــﻮى‬faḥwā or ‫ ﻓﺤـﻮاﻩ‬faḥwā2 sense, meaning, signification, import;
purport, tenor (of a letter, of a speech, etc.)
‫ ﻓﺦ‬fakk pl. ‫ ﻓﺨﺎخ‬fakkāk, ‫ ﻓﺨﻮخ‬fukūk: trap, snare
‫ ﻓﺨﺖ‬fakata a (fakt) to perforate, pierce (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1137
‫ ﻓﺨـﺬ‬fakid, fakd, fikd f., pl. ‫ اﻓﺨـﺎذ‬afkād thigh; leg (of mutton, etc.); (m.)
subdivision of a tribe
‫ ﻓﺨﺬة‬fakda leg (of mutton, etc.)
‫ ﻓﺨﺬي‬fakidī, fakdī femoral
‫ ﻓﺨـﺮ‬fakara a (fakr, fakar, ‫ ﻓﺨـﺎر‬fakār) to glory (‫ ب‬in), boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.),
brag (‫ ب‬of). vaunt (‫ ب‬s.th.); to pride o.s. (‫ ب‬upon), be proud (‫ ب‬of); --
fakira a (falfa,) to despise, disdain III to vie in glory (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be
proud (‫ ب‬of), pride o.s. (‫ ب‬upon), boast (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬before s.o. of) V to be proud,
haughty VI and VIII = I fakara X to find (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) excellent
‫ ﻓﺨﺮ‬fakr glory, pride; honor; vainglorious poetry (as a literary genre) | ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ ﻓﺨﺮ‬gaira fakrin or ‫ وﻻ ﻓﺨﺮ‬wa-lā fakra I say this without boasting
‫ ﻓﺨﺮي‬fakrī honorary, honoris causa
‫ ﻓﺨﺮة‬fukra glory, pride
‫ ﻓﺨﺎر‬fakār glory, pride
Confidential
‫ ﻓﺨﻮر‬fakūr vainglorious, boastful, bragging; proud (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﻓﺨﲑ‬fakīr boasting, bragging, swaggering, boastful
‫ ﻓﺨﺎر‬fakkār (fired) clay; earthenware, crockery, pottery
‫ ﻓﺨﺎري‬fakkārī potter’s earthen; potter
‫ ﻓﺎﺧﻮرة‬fākūra pottery, earthenware manufactory
‫ ﻓﺎﺧﻮري‬fākūrī potter
‫ اﻓﺨﺮ‬afkar2 more splendid, more magnificent
‫ ﻣﻔﺨﺮة‬mafkara pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺧﺮ‬mafākir2 object of pride, s.th. to bout of; glorious
deed, exploit, feat; glorious trait or quality
‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺧﺮة‬mufākara boasting, bragging, vainglory, pride
‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺧﺮ‬tafākur boasting, bragging, vainglory
‫ اﻓﺘﺨﺎر‬iftikār pride, vainglory, boasting, bragging
‫ ﻓـﺎﺧﺮ‬fākir proud, vainglorious, boastful, bragging; outstanding, excellent,
first-rate, perfect, splendid, superb, glorious, magnificent; sumptuous, de
luxe
‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺧﺮ‬mufākir boastful, vainglorious, proud
1138
‫ ﻣﻔﺘﺨــﺮ‬muftakir proud, vainglorious, boastful, bragging; outstanding,

excellent, first-rate, perfect, splendid, superb, glorious, magnificent;
sumptuous, de luxe
‫ ﻓﺨﻔﺦ‬fakfaka to be boastful, vainglorious; to boast, brag
‫ ﻓﺨﻔﺨﺔ‬fakfaka ostentation, showiness, pageantry, pomp
‫ ﻓﺨــﻢ‬fakuma u (‫ ﻓﺨﺎﻣــﺔ‬fakāma) to be stately, imposing, splendid,
magnificent, grand II to intensify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to honor, treat with respect (‫ه‬
s.o.), show deference (‫ ه‬to); to pronounce emphatically, make emphatic (‫ ﻫـ‬a
consonant)
‫ ﻓﺨــﻢ‬fakm stately, imposing, splendid, superb, magnificent, grand,
grandiose
‫ ﻓﺨﺎﻣـﺔ‬fakāma stateliness, imposingness, imposing appearance; splendor,
magnificence, eminence, high rank; title of the head of a nonmonarchic
state; title of honor given to high-ranking foreign dignitaries, approx.:
Highness, Excellency, = ‫اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻔﺨﺎﻣـﺔ | ﻓﺨﺎﻣـﺔ‬f. ad-daula title of the
President of the Republic (Syr., Leb.); ‫ ﻓﺨﺎﻣـﺔ رﺋـﻴﺲ اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬do. (Syr., Leb.);
Confidential
‫ﻓﺨﺎﻣــﺔ اﻟـﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬ f. ar-ra’īs title of a foreign head of state, approx.: His
Excellency, the President; ‫ﻓﺨﺎﻣـﺔ اﳌﻌﺘﻤـﺪ اﻟﺴـﺎﻣﻲ‬
Excellency, the High Commissioner
f. al-mu‘tamad as-sāmī His
‫ ﺗﻔﺨـﻴﻢ‬tafkīm emphatic or velarized pronunciation of a consonant (phon.) |

‫ آﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺨﻴﻢ‬amplifier (radio)
‫ ﻣﻔﺨﻢ‬mufakkam honored | ‫ اﳊﺮوف اﳌﻔﺨﻤﺔ‬the emphatics (phon.)
‫ ﻓـﺪح‬fadaḥa a (fadḥ) to oppress, burden (‫ ه‬s.o.), weigh (‫ ه‬upon s.o.) X to
regard (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) as a heavy burden, as painful
‫ ﻓﺪاﺣﺔ‬fadāḥa oppressiveness, burdensomeness
‫ اﻓﺪح‬afdaḥa2 more oppressive, more burdensome, more serious, heavier
‫ ﻓﺎدح‬fādiḥ burdensome, oppressive; grave, serious (mistake), heavy (loss),
bad (physical defect)
‫ ﻓﺎدﺣﺔ‬fādiḥa pl. ‫ ﻓﻮادح‬fawādiḥ misfortune, calamity
‫ ﻓﺪخ‬fadaka a (fadk) to break, smash (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﺪر‬fadar pl. ‫ ﻓﺪور‬fudūr chamois
‫ ﻓﺪﻓﺪ‬fadfad pl. ‫ ﻓﺪاﻓﺪ‬fadāfid2 wasteland, tract of desert land, desert
1139
‫ ﻓﺪم‬fadama i to seal (‫ ﻫـ‬the mouth, an aperture)

‫ ﻓـﺪم‬fadm pl. ‫ ﻓـﺪام‬fidām clumsy in speech; heavy-witted, sluggish, dull,
stupid
‫ ﻓﺪن‬II to fatten, stall-feed (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓـﺪان‬faddān pl. ‫ ﻓـﺪادﻳﻦ‬fadādīn2 yoke of oxen; (pl. ‫ اﻓﺪﻧـﺔ‬afdina) feddan, a
square measure (Eg. = 4200.833 m2)
‫ ﻓﺎدن‬fādin pl. ‫ ﻓﻮادن‬fawādin2 plummet, plumb bob
‫ ﻓﺪى‬fadā i (fidan, ‫ ﻓﺪاء‬fidā’) to redeem, ransom (‫ ه‬,‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. with or
by); to sacrifice (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬for s.o. s.th.) III to sacrifice, offer up (‫ ب‬s.th.) VI to
beware (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), guard (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬against), get away, keep away (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬from); to
get rid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to prevent, obviate, avert, avoid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII = I;
to obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) by sacrificing s.th. else (‫ ;)ب‬to redeem o.s., ransom o.s.
(‫ ب‬with or by); to free o.s. (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from) | ‫ﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ اﻓﺘﺪاﻩ‬to sacrifice o.s. for s.o. or
s.th., risk life and property for s.o. or s.th.
‫ ﻓـﺪى‬fidan, fadan redemption, ransoming; ransom; sacrifice (with foll.
Confidential
genit.: for s.th., to save or liberate s.o. or s.th.) | ‫( ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻓﺪاك‬ju‘iltu) (lit.: may
I be made your ransom, i.e.) oh, could I but sacrifice myself for you!
‫( ﻓﺪى ﻟﻠﻮﻃﻦ‬waṭan) he died for his country
‫ﻣـﺎت‬
‫ ﻓﺪﻳـﺔ‬fidya pl. ‫ ﻓـﺪ ت‬fidayāt, ‫ ﻓـﺪى‬fidan ransom; redemption (from the

omission of certain religious duties, by a material donation or a ritual act;
Isl. Law)
‫ ﻓﺪاء‬fidā’ redemption, ransoming; ransom; price (one has to pay for s.th.),
sacrifice (one makes for s.th.) | ‫ﻓـﺪاءﻩ‬ ‫( ﺟﻌﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷـﻲء‬fidā’ahū) he sacrificed or
gave up everything for it
‫ ﻓـﺪاﺋﻲ‬fidā’ī one who sacrifices himself (esp., for his country); esp. pl.
‫ ﻓـﺪاﺋﻴﻮن‬fighters who risk their lives recklessly, soldiers prepared to sacrifice
their lives; fedayeen, commandos, shock troops (Eg.)
‫ ﻓﺪاﺋﻴﺔ‬fidā’īya spirit of self-sacrifice
‫ ﻣﻔﺎداة‬mufādāh sacrifice
‫ ﻓﺎد‬fādin redeemer
1140
‫ ﻣﻔﺪي‬mafdīy (prop., object of self-sacrifice) following the name of a king,

also after ‫ وﻃﻦ‬waṭan, ‫‘ ﻋﺮش‬arš, and the like, approx.: dearly beloved, dear
‫ ﻓـﺬ‬fadd pl. ‫ اﻓـﺬاذ‬afdād, ‫ ﻓـﺬوذ‬fudūd alone, only, sole, single; singular,
unique; uncommon, unusual, infrequent; pl. ‫ اﻓﺬاذ‬extraordinary people
‫ ﻓﺬﻟﻜﺔ‬fadlaka brief summary, résumé, survey, outline, abstract, epitome
‫ ﻓﺮ‬farra i (farr, ‫ ﻓـﺮار‬firār, ‫ ﻣﻔـﺮ‬mafarr) to flee, run away, run off, escape (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from) | ‫( ﻓﺮ ﻫﺎر‬hāriban) to flee, take to one’s heels IV to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) to flight
VIII to open up or part (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬so that s.th. becomes visible); to bare, show (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
the teeth when smiling), reveal (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); to shimmer, gleam
‫ ﻓﺮار‬firār flight
‫ ﻓـﺮار‬furār: ‫‘ ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ ﻓـﺮارﻩ‬ainuhū furāruhū (firāruhū) his outward appearance
bespeaks his inner worth; you need only look at him to know what to think
of him
‫ ﻓـﺮار‬farrār fugitive, runaway, escaped; a fugitive, a runaway; deserter,
Confidential
defector; quicksilver, mercury
‫ ﻓﺮﻳﺮة‬furrēra teetotum (eg.)
‫ ﻣﻔﺮ‬mafarr flight, escape | ‫( ﻻ ﻣﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬mafarra) unavoidable, inevitable
‫ ﻓﺎر‬fārr pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻓﺎرة‬fārra fugitive, fleeing; a fugitive
‫ ﻓﺮأ‬fara’ pl. ‫ اﻓﺮاء‬afrā’ wild ass, onager
‫ ﻓـﺮاء‬farā’ wild ass, onager | ‫ ﻛـﻞ اﻟﺼـﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺟـﻮف اﻟﻔـﺮاء‬kullu ṣaidin fī jaufi l-f.
there are all kind, of game in the belly of the wild ass (proverbially of s.o. or
s.th. that combine. all good qualities and advantages and makes everything
else dispensable)
‫( ﻓﺮاك‬Fr. frac) firāk, frāk pl. -āt swallow-tailed coat, full dress, tails
‫ ﻓﺮاوﻟﺔ‬faraula (from It. fragola) strawberry (eg.)
‫ اﻟﻔﺮات‬al-furāt the Euphrates; ‫ ﻓﺮات‬sweet (water)
‫ ﻓﺮﺗﻴﻜﺔ‬furtīka clasp, buckle (eg.)
‫ ﻓـﺮج‬faraja i (farj) and II to open, part, separate, cleave, split, gap, breach
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make an opening, gap or breach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in); to dispel, drive away (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., e.g., grief, worried; to comfort, solace, relieve (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o.) II to show ( ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to leave (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬a place); to free, liberate, let free (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.),
1141
release (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.) V to be opened ‫ﻋـﻦ‬, be separated, be cleft, be split; to

part, divide, move apart (e.g., a crowd so as to let s.o. pass; to be dispelled
(grief, sorrow); to derive comfort (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬from the light of), take pleasure,
delight (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ in looking at); to regard, view, observe, watch, inspect
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.), look (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at s.o., at s.th.) VII to be opened, be separated, be
cleft, be split; to open or part widely, widen, diverge, split open, gape,
yawn; to open (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬so that s.th. becomes visible); to show, reveal (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.);
to relax, become relaxed (features; crisis); to be dispelled, be driven away
(grief, sorrow); to become gay
‫ ﻓـﺮج‬farj pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮوج‬furūj opening, aperture, gap, breach; pudendum of the
female, vulva
‫ ﻓـﺮج‬faraj freedom from grief or sorrow, release from suffering; joy;
relaxation; relief, ease, repose, pleasure, comfort; happy ending
‫ ﻓﺮﺟﺔ‬furja state of happiness (esp. after suffering); pleasure, delight; -- (pl.
‫ )ﻓـﺮج‬opening, aperture, gap, breach, hole; onlooking, watching, inspection,
viewing; sight, spectacle
Confidential
‫ ﻓﺮوج‬farrūj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻓﺮارﻳﺞ‬frārīj2 chick, young chicken, pullet
‫( ﻓﺮارﺟﻲ‬eg.) farargī seller of chicken, poulterer
‫ ﻣﻔــﺮج‬mafraj pl. ‫ ﻣﻔــﺎرج‬mafārij2 relief, relaxation; denouement, happy
ending
‫ اﻓـﺮاج‬ifrāj freeing, liberation; release (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.o., of s.th.), unblocking (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
e.g., of assets), decontrol (‫ ﻋﻦ‬e.g., of rationed foodstuffs, etc.)
‫ ﺗﻔﺮج‬tafarruj inspection, viewing, regarding; watching, observation
‫ اﻧﻔﺮاج‬infirāj relaxedness, relaxation
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﺮج‬mutafarrij pl. -ūn viewer, watcher, observer, spectator, onlooker
‫ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮج‬munfarij opened wide, wide-open; relaxed; gay, merry | ‫زاوﻳـﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺟـﺔ‬
(zāwiya) obtuse angle (geom.)
‫ ﻓﺮﺟﺎر‬firjār compass, dividers
‫ ﻓﺮﺟﻮن‬firjaun currycomb, brush
‫ ﻓﺮح‬fariḥa a (faraḥ) to be glad, happy, delighted, rejoice (‫ ب‬,‫ ل‬at), be gay,
merry, cheerful (‫ب‬,‫ ل‬about, over) II to gladden, delight, cheer, exhilarate,
make merry, happy, gay (‫ ه‬s.o.)
1142
‫ ﻓــﺮح‬faraḥ joy, gladness, glee, gaiety, hilarity, mirth, exhilaration,

merriment, happiness; wedding; pl. ‫ اﻓﺮاح‬afrāḥ feast of rejoicing, celebration,
festival, festivity; wedding (feast) | ‫اﻷﻓﺮاح‬ ‫ ردﻫﺔ‬radhat al-a. banquet hall, ball-
room
‫ ﻓﺮﺣﺔ‬farḥa joy
‫ ﻓﺮح‬fariḥ merry, gay, cheerful, joyful, glad, delighted, happy
‫ ﻓﺮﺣﺎن‬farḥān2 merry, gay, cheerful, joyful, glad, delighted, happy
‫ ﻣﻔﺎرح‬mafāriḥ2 feasts of rejoicing, joyous events
‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺢ‬tafrīḥ exhilaration, amusement
‫ ﻓﺎرح‬fāriḥ merry, gay, cheerful, joyful, glad, delighted, happy
‫ ﻣﻔﺮح‬mufriḥ gladdening, cheering, exhilarating, joyous, delightful
‫ ﻓـﺮخ‬II to have young ones (bird); to hatch (said of eggs); to hatch,
incubate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to germinate, sprout, put out new shoots (of a tree); to
spread, gain ground IV to have young ones (bird); to hatch (said of eggs); to
hatch. incubate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to germinate, sprout, put out new shoots (of a tree) |
Confidential
‫( اﻓﺮخ روﻋﻪ‬rau‘uhū) fear left him
‫ ﻓﺮخ‬fark pl. ‫ اﻓﺮاخ‬afrāk ‫ ﻓﺮوخ‬furūk, ‫ ﻓـﺮخ‬firāk, ‫ ﻓﺮﺧـﺎن‬firkān young bird; shoot,
spout (of a plant, of a tree) | ‫ورق‬ ‫ ﻓﺮخ‬f. waraq (eg.) sheet of paper
‫ ﻓﺮﺧـﺔ‬farka pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮاخ‬firāk young female bird; hen | ‫( ﻓـﺮخ روﻣـﻲ‬rūmī) (eg.)
turkey hen
‫ ﻓﺮاخ‬firāk (pl. of ‫ )ﻓﺮخ‬poultry, domestic fowls
‫ ﻓﺮخ‬tafrīk hatching, incubation | ‫ آﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺦ‬incubator
‫ ﻓـﺮد‬farada and faruda u (‫ ﻓـﺮود‬furūd) to be single, be alone; to be singular,
be unique; -- farada u (‫ ﻓﺮود‬furūd) to withdraw, retire, segregate (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); --
farada i (eg.) to spread, spread out, extend, stretch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to unfold (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) IV to set aside, separate, segregate, isolate (‫ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to single
out. assign especially (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬s.th. for), devote (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.th.
else) V to be alone; to do alone, perform single-handedly (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
possess alone (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be matchless, be unique VII = V; to stand alone,
b. without parallel (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬with or in s.th.); to withdraw, segregate, walk
1143
away (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); to be isolated (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from) X to find (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) singular,

unique or isolated; to isolate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., chem.)
‫ ﻓـﺮد‬fard pl. ‫ اﻓـﺮاد‬afrād, ‫ ﻓـﺮادى‬furādā alone, single; sole, only; solitary, lone,
lonely; singular, unique, matchless, unrivaled, peerless, incomparable; one,
a single one, a single thing, a single person, individual; odd, uneven
(number); ‫ اﻟﻔـﺮد‬epithet of the month of Rajab; (pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮاد‬firād) one, one of a
couple, one of a pair; (pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮود‬furūd, ‫ ﻓـﺮودة‬furūda) pistol; -- singular (gram.) |
‫ ﻓـﺮدا ﻓـﺮدا‬fardan) singly, separately, one by one, one at a time, one after the
other
‫ ﻓﺮدة‬farda one part, one half, one of a pair
‫ ﻓـﺮدى‬fardī single, solitary; single- (in compounds); pertaining to a single
person; one-man (in compounds); solo (adj.); singles (tennis); individual,
personal; individualist; odd, uneven (numbr)
‫ ﻓﺮدﻳﺔ‬fardīya individuality, individualism
‫ ﻓﺮﻳــﺪ‬farīd alone, lone, lonely, solitary; singular, unique, matchless,
peerless, unrivaled, incomparable; (with foll. genit.) especially endowed
Confidential
with | ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﰲ‬unique of its kind
‫ ﻓﺮﻳـﺪة‬farīda pl. ‫ ﻓﺮاﺋـﺪ‬farā’d2 precious pearl, precious gem, solitaire; (eg.)
quire (of paper)
‫ ﻓـﺮادا‬furādan singly, separately, one by one, one at a time, one after the
other
‫ ﻓـﺮادى‬furādā singly, separately, one by one, one at a time, one after the
other
‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺪي‬tafrīdī detailed, itemized
‫ اﻧﻔﺮاد‬infirād solitude, loneness, loneliness; isolation, seclusion | ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﻔﺮاد‬
alone, apart, isolatedly, in solitude, in seclusion; singly, by o.s.;
confidentially; ‫ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫( اﻻﻧﻔﺮاد‬sulṭa) autocracy
‫ اﻧﻔ ـﺮادي‬infirādī individual; individualistic; autocratic; isolationistic,
tending to isolation
‫ ﻣﻔـﺮد‬mufrad single, solitary, lone, detached, isolated; (gram.) simple,
consisting of only one word (expression); being in the singular; singular
(gram.); (pl. -āt) vocable, word; pl. words, terms, names, expressions (of a
scientific field); details | ‫ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻔـﺮدات‬kāṣṣa) technical terms, terminology;
1144
‫ﲟﻔــﺮدﻩ‬ by o.s., alone, apart, singly, isolatedly, in solitude, in seclusion,

solitarily; ‫ ﳌﻔﺮدات‬in detail; by retail
‫ ﻣﻨﻔـﺮد‬munfarid isolated, detached, separated; lone, solitary, alone; solo
(adj.; also mus.)
2 ‫ ﻓﺮدة‬firda (<‫ﻓﺮﺿﺔ‬ furḍa) pl. ‫ ﻓﺮد‬firad tax, head tax, poll tax
‫ اﻟﻔﺮدوس‬al-firdaus f., pl. ‫ ﻓﺮادﻳﺲ‬farādīs2 Paradise
‫ ﻓﺮدوﺳﻲ‬firdausī paradisiacal, heavenly
1‫ ﻓﺮز‬faraza i (farz) and IV to set apart, separate, detach, isolate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
secrete, excrete, discharge (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; physiol.); to sort, sift, classify (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to

examine (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), screen (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), muster (‫ ه‬s.o.); to select, pick out
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to distinguish, discriminate, differentiate (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th. from)
‫ ﻓﺮز‬farz separation, detachment, isolation; secretion, excretion, discharge;
sorting, sifting; mustering, muster, screening, examination; selection,
selecting | ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮي‬ ‫‘( ﻓﺮز‬askarī) pre-induction examination (mil.)
Confidential
‫ ﻓﺮازة‬farrāza: O ‫‘( ﻓﺮازة آﻟﻴﺔ‬ā1īya) seed separator, seed-screening apparatus
‫ ﻣﻔﺮزة‬mafraza pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎرز‬mafāriz2 group, detachment, party, troop, band
‫ اﻓـﺮاز‬ifrāz pl. -āt secretion, excretion, exudation, discharge, expectoration
(physiol.) | ‫اﻓﺮاز‬ ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ‬qismat i. partition in kind (Isl. Law)
O ‫ ﻓﺎرزة‬fāriza comma
‫ ﻣﻔـﺮزات‬mufrazāt secretions, excretions, exudations (physiol.) | ‫اﳌﻔـﺮزات‬

‫( اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬dākilīya) internal secretions, endocrines
2 ‫ ﻓﺮﻳﺰ‬pl. ‫اﻓﺮﻳﺰ‬ = ‫اﻓﺮزة‬
3‫ﻓﺎروز‬ ,‫ ﻓﲑوز‬and ‫ ﻓﲑوزج‬look up alphabetically
4‫ اﻓﺮﻳﺰ‬pl. ‫ اﻓﺎرﻳﺰ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﺮزان‬II tafarzana to queen, become a queen (of a pawn; in chess)

‫ ﻓﺮزان‬firzān pl. ‫ ﻓﺮازﻳﻦ‬farāzīn 2 queen (in chess)
1‫ ﻓـﺮس‬farasa i (fars) to kill, tear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬its prey, of a predatory animal) V to
regard searchingly, eye, scrutinize (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th.), look firmly (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
1145
or ‫ ﰲ‬at s.o., at s.th.); to recognize, detect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a quality, ‫ ﰲ‬in s.o.) VIII = I; to
ravish, rape (‫ ﻫﺎ‬a woman)
‫ ﻓﺮس‬faras m. and f., pl. ‫ اﻓﺮاس‬afrās horse, mare; knight (chess) | ‫ ﻓﺮس اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬f.
al-baḥr hippopotamus; ‫اﻟﺮﻫﺎن‬ ‫ ﻓﺮس‬race horse; ‫ اﻟﻔﺮس اﻷﻋﻈﻢ‬PegaSus (astron.)
‫ ﻓﺮاﺳﺔ‬farāsa horsemanship, equitation
‫ ﻓﺮاﺳـﺔ‬firāsa perspicacity, acumen, discernment, discrimination, minute
observation; keen eye (esp. for traits of character); intuitive knowledge of
human nature | ‫ﻋﻠــﻢ اﻟﻔﺮاﺳــﺔ‬ ‘ilm al-f. physiognomy; ‫ﻓﺮاﺳــﺔ اﻟﻴــﺪ‬ f. al-yad
chiromancy, palmistry
‫ ﻓﺮﻳﺴﺔ‬farīsa pl. ‫ ﻓﺮاﺋﺲ‬farā’is2 prey (of a wild animal)
‫ ﻓﺮﻳﺴﻲ‬farīsī, ‫ ﻓﺮﺳﻲ‬Pharisee
‫ ﻓﺮوﺳﺔ‬furūsa horsemanship, equitation; chivalry, knighthood,
‫ ﻓﺮوﺳـﻴﺔ‬furūsīya horsemanship, equitation; chivalry, knighthood; heroism,
valor
‫ ﻓــﺎرس‬fāris pl. ‫ ﻓﺮﺳــﺎن‬fursān, ‫ ﻓـﻮارس‬fawāris2 horseman, rider; knight,
Confidential
cavalier; hero; pl. cavalry | ‫( ﻟﺴـﺖ ﻣـﻦ ﻓﺮﺳـﺎن ذﻟـﻚ اﳌﻴـﺪان‬lastu, maidān) I am
unfamiliar with this field, I am not competent in this field
‫ ﻓﺎرﺳﺔ‬fārisa pl. -āt horsewoman; mounted female warrior, Amazon
‫ ﻣﻔــﱰس‬muftaris rapacious, ravenous (animal) | ‫( ﺣﻴـﻮان ﻣﻔــﱰس‬ḥayawān)
predatory animal, beast of prey
2‫ اﻟﻔﺮس‬al-fursān the Persians; Persia, also ‫اﻟﻔﺮس‬ ‫ﺑﻼد‬
‫ ﻓﺎرس‬fāris, also ‫ ﺑﻼد ﻓﺎرس‬Persia
‫ ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ‬fārisī Persian (adj. and n.)
‫ ﻓﺮﺳﻲ‬visāy Versailles
‫ ﻓﺮﺳﺦ‬farsak pl. ‫ ﻓﺮاﺳﺦ‬farāsik2 a measure of length, parasang
‫ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﻓﻴﺎ‬varōviyā Warsaw (capital of Poland)
‫ ﻓـﺮش‬faraša u (farš, ‫ ﻓـﺮاش‬firāš) to spread, spread out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- faraša u i
(farš) to pave, cover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the ground, floor, path, room, etc., ‫ ب‬with) II to
cover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the floor, etc., ‫ ب‬with); to furnish, provide with furniture (‫ ﻫ ـ‬..th.);
to tile, pave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII to spread, spread out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to lie down, stretch
1146
out, sprawl (‫ ﻫـ‬on s.th.); to sleep (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a woman) | ‫ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫( اﻓـﱰش‬lisānahū) to

give one’s tongue free rein
‫ ﻓـﺮش‬farš pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮوش‬furūš furnishing; furniture, household effects; mat, rug,
carpet; anything spread on the ground as bedding; foundation (arch.)
‫ ﻓﺮﺷﺔ‬farša bed; mattress
‫ ﻓﺮاش‬farāš wheel (of a mill); (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬moths; butterflies
‫ ﻓﺮاﺷﺔ‬farāša (n. un.) moth; butterfly; flighty, fickle person
‫ ﻓـﺮاش‬firāš pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮش‬furuš, ‫ اﻓﺮﺷـﺔ‬afriša cushion, pillow; blanket, cover,
spread; mattress; bed
‫ ﻓﺮاش‬farrāš one who spreads the carpets; servant, attendant; house servant,
valet; office boy, errand boy
‫ ﻣﻔﺮش‬mifraš pl. ‫ ﻣﻔـﺎرش‬mafāriš2 tablecloth, table cover, cover (in general);
bedspread, counterpane
‫ ﻣﻔﺮﺷﺔ‬mifraša pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎرش‬mafāriš2 saddle blanket
‫ ﻣﻔـﺮوش‬mafrūš covered (‫ ب‬with); furnished; ‫ ﻣﻔﺮوﺷـﺎت‬mafrūšāt furniture,
household effects
Confidential
2‫ ﻓﺮش‬II to brush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﺮﺷـﺔ‬furša pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮش‬furaš brush; paintbrush | ‫ ﻓﺮﺷـﺔ اﻟﺒـﻮدرة‬powder puff; ‫ﻓﺮﺷـﺔ‬

‫ اﺳﻨﺎن‬f. asnān toothbrush
‫ ﻓﺮﺷﺎة‬furšāh brush; paintbrush
‫ ﻓﺮﺷﺎﻳﺔ‬furšāya (syr.) brush
‫ ﻓﺮﺷﺢ‬faršaḥ (‫ ﻓﺮﺷﺤﺔ‬faršaḥa) to straddle, stand with one’s legs apart
‫ ﻓﺮﺷﺦ‬faršaka = ‫ ﻓﺮﺷﺢ‬faršaḥa
‫( ﻓﺮﺷﻴﻨﺔ‬It. forcina) furšīna pl. -āt hairpin
‫ ﻓﺮص‬II to make holidays
‫ ﻓﺮﺻــﺔ‬furṣa pl. ‫ ﻓــﺮص‬furaṣ opportunity, chance, auspicious moment;
holidays, vacation | ‫اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫( ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬furṣatan, zaman) for a short time, briefly;
‫( اﻧﺘﻬﺰ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‬intahaza) to seize the opportunity, avail o.s. or take advantage of
the opportunity
‫ ﻓﺮﻳﺼـﺔ‬farīṣa pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮاﺋﺺ‬farā’iṣ2 flesh or muscle beneath the shoulder-blades
| ‫ ﻓﺮﻳﺼﺘﻪ‬or ‫ﻓﺮاﺋﺼﻪ‬ ‫( ارﺗﻌﺪت‬irta‘adat) violent fear or excitement seized him
1147
‫ ﻣﻔﺮص‬mufarriṣ holiday-maker, vacationist, tourist

‫ ﻓﺮﺻﺎد‬firṣād mulberry; mulberry tree
‫ ﻓﺮض‬faraḍa i (farḍ) to decide, determine; to decree, order, ordain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);
to appoint, assign, apportion, allocate (‫ ﻫـ ل‬to s.o. s.th., money, and the like);
to impose, enjoin, make incumbent (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬upon s.o. s.th.), prescribe (‫ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
to s.o. s.th.); to impose (‫ اﳊﺼـﺎر‬blockade, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to assume, presume,
suppose, presuppose, postulate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that) | ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫( ﻓﺮض ارادﺗﻪ‬irādatahū) to
force one’s will on s.o. II to notch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make incisions (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in s.th.) VIII
to impose, enjoin, make incumbent (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o. s.th.), prescribe (‫ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
to s.o. s.th.); to decree, order (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to assume, suppose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that)
‫ ﻓـﺮض‬farḍ pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮوض‬furūḍ notch, incision; duty, precept, injunction, order,

decree, ordinance, command; religious duty (Isl. Law); statutory portion,
lawful shore (Isl. Law); assumption, supposition, presupposition, premise,
postulate, hypothesis | ‫ﻓــﺮوض اﻟﺘﺤﻴــﺔ‬ f. at-taḥīya prescribed forms of
Confidential
salutations;
duty (Isl.
‫ ﻓـﺮض ﻋـﲔ‬f. ‘ain individual duty (Isl. Law); ‫ ﻓـﺮض ﻛﻔﺎﻳـﺔ‬collective
Law); ‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻓــﺮض‬on the premise of …; ‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻓــﺮض ان‬on the
assumption that, with the understanding that ..., supposing that ...
‫ ﻓﺮﺿـﻲ‬farḍī hypothetic(al), suppositional, conjectural, assumed without
proof
‫ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬farḍīya hypothesis
‫ ﻓﺮﺿـﺔ‬furḍa pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮض‬furaḍ notch, incision; opening, gap, crevice, crack;
seaport, river harbor, small port town
‫ ﻓﺮﻳﻀـﺔ‬farīḍa pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮاﺋﺾ‬farā’ḍ2 religious duty (Isl. Law); divine precept,
ordinance of God (Isl. Law); obligatory prayer (Isl. Law); pl. distributive
shares in estate (Isl. Law) | ‫ ﻓﺮﻳﻀـﺔ اﳉﻤﻌـﺔ‬f. al-jum‘a the obligatory divine
service on Friday (Isl. Law); ‫ ذو اﻟﻔـﺮاﺋﺾ‬dawū l-f. the “Koranic heirs”, i.e.,
those entitled to a statutory portion in estate according to sura lV, 12ff. (Isl.
Law); ‫اﻟﻔﺮاﺋﺾ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ‬ilm al-f. law of descent and distribution
‫ اﻓـﱰاض‬iftirāḍ assumption, supposition, presupposition, premise, postulate,
hypothesis
‫ اﻓﱰاﺿﻲ‬iftirāḍī hypothetic(al)
‫ ﻓﺎرض‬fāriḍ old, advanced in years
1148
‫ ﻣﻔــﺮوض‬mafrūḍ supposed, assumed, premised; pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺮوﺿــﺎت‬duties,

obligations
‫ ﻓـﺮط‬farata u to precede (‫ ه‬s.o.); to escape inadvertently, slip (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.’s
tongue; of words); to escape (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.), get lost (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬on s.o.); to happen
(inadvertently) (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.o., faux pas, etc.); to neglect (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), be lax, be
remiss (‫ ﰲ‬with regard to); to strip off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fruits) | ‫( ﻓـﺮط ﻣﻨـﻪ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬šai’u) he
missed the thing, lost it II to leave, abandon, forsake, give up (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬or ,.
s.th.), renounce, waive (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to separate (‫ ه‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), part (‫ ه‬or
‫ ﻋﻦ‬with); to neglect (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), be lax, be remiss (‫ ﰲ‬with regard to); to exceed
the proper bounds, go too far, be excessive (‫ ﰲ‬in), exaggerate, overdo (‫ﰲ‬
s.th.); to waste, squander (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) IV to exceed the proper bounds, go too
far, be excessive (‫ ﰲ‬in), exaggerate, overdo, abuse (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) VII to be

stripped off, be loosened, become detached (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to be dissolved,
‫اﻧﻔـﺮط ﻋﻘـﺪﻫﻢ‬
Confidential
dissolve, break up | (‘aqduhum) they broke up, they parted
company, they dissolved
‫ ﻓـﺮط‬farṭ excess, immoderation, exaggeration; (with foll. abstract noun)
hyper- (in compounds)
‫ ﻓﺮط‬faraṭ (eg.) interest (on money, capital, etc.)
‫ ﻓﺮاﻃﺔ‬furāṭa small change, coins
‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻂ‬tafrīṭ negligence, neglect
‫ اﻓﺮاط‬afrāṭ excess, immoderation, exaggeration
‫ ﻓـﺎرط‬fāriṭ elapsed, bygone, put, last, e.g., ‫( ﻳـﻮم اﻷﺣـﺪ اﻟﻔـﺎرط‬yaum al-aḥad)
last Sunday
‫ ﻣﻔــﺮط‬mufarril prodigal, wasteful, squandering; wastrel, spendthrift,
prodigal, squanderer
‫ ﻣﻔﺮط‬mufriṭ exaggerated, excessive
‫ ﻓﺮﻃﺢ‬farṭaḥa to make broad, broaden, flatten (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻔﺮﻃﺢ‬mufarṭaḥ broad; flattened, flat, oblate; fat and flabby, bloated
‫ ﻓﺮع‬fara‘a a (far‘, ‫ ﻓﺮع‬furū‘) to surpass, outstrip (‫ ه‬s.o.); to excel (‫ ه‬s.o.) II
to put forth branches, to branch; to derive, deduce (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.h. from) V to
1149
branch out, ramify, become ramified, spread in all directions; to divide, fork,
bifurcate (road, pipeline); to branch off VIII to de1lower
‫ ﻓـﺮع‬far‘ pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮوع‬furū‘, ‫ اﻓـﺮع‬afru‘ twig, branch. bough, limb, (also coll.)
branches, twigs; derivative; section, subdivision; branch office, subsidiary
establishment, branch; branch line, feeder line; branch wire, feed wire (el.) |
‫ اﻟﻔـﺮوع‬or ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻔـﺮوع‬ilm al-f. the doctrine of the branches, i.e., applied fiqh,
applied ethics (consisting in the systematic elaboration of canonical law in
Islam); ‫وﻓﺮﻋﺎ‬ ‫ ﺷﺮﻋﺎ‬šar‘an wa-far‘an with full right, with good cause, justly
‫ ﻓﺮﻋــﻲ‬fa‘ī branch, subsidiary, tributary, sub-, side (in compounds);
subdivisional; secondary
‫ اﻓﺮع‬afra‘2, f. ‫ ﻓﺮﻋﺎء‬far‘ā’ tall, slender
‫ ﺗﻔــﺮع‬tafarru‘ many-sidedness, versatility; (pl. -āt) ramification; pl.
secondary things, concomitant circumstances, minor factors
‫ ﻓــﺎرع‬fāri‘ tall, lofty, towering; high-grown, slender, slim; beautiful,
handsome, pretty | ‫ﻓـﺎرع اﻟﻄـﻮل‬ f. aṭ-ṯūl tall, high-grown; ‫ﻓـﺎرع اﻟﻘﺎﻣـﺔ‬ tall and
slender
‫ ﻣﻔﺮع‬mufarra‘ ramified, branching
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻋـﺎت‬mutafarri‘āt secondary things, concomitant circumstances, minor
factors
‫ ﻓﺮﻋﻮن‬fir‘aun pl. ‫ ﻓﺮاﻋﻨﺔ‬farā‘ina Pharaoh
‫ ﻓﺮغ‬faraga u and fariga a (‫ ﻓﺮوغ‬furūg, ‫ ﻓﺮاغ‬farāg) to be empty, be void; to be
vacant; to be exhausted, be used up; to be rid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.o.), be done, be
finished (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with); to finish, terminate, conclude, close, wind up, finish off,
settle, complete, bring to an end (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to devote o.s. apply o.s. attend,
tend (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل‬ to s.o. to s.th.), occupy o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل‬ with) | ‫ﻓـﺮغ اﱃ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ to
collect one’s thoughts II to empty, void, vacate, evacuate, discharge (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to unload (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a cargo); to pour out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to empty, void, vacate,
evacuate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pour out (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. over. ‫ ﰲ‬into); to unload (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
‫( اﻓﺮﻏـﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ‬qālab) to mold s.th. (fig.); (‫ ﳎﻬـﻮدﻩ‬or) ‫اﻓـﺮغ‬
e.g., from a ship) |
‫( ﺟﻬﺪﻩ‬jahdahū) to exert o.s. to the utmost, make every effort (‫ ﰲ‬in), do one’s
best V to be free from work. be unoccupied, be idle, have leisure; to be free,
disengage o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل‬ for some work), occupy o.s. exclusively (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل‬
1150
with), devote o.s., apply o.s., attend (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to) X to empty (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a bowl, and
the like); to vomit | ‫ﳎﻬﻮدﻩ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺮغ‬to exert o.s. to the utmost. make every effort
(‫ ﰲ‬in), apply every ounce of strength (‫ ﰲ‬to), do one’s best
‫ ﻓﺮغ‬farg empty, void; vacant
‫ ﻓﺮاغ‬farāg void, vacuity, vacancy, vacuum, empty space; gap; space (‫ ل‬for
s.o., for s.th.); cession (of things which are not transferable as a property,
but transferable as a possession; (Isl. Law); leisure, sparetime
‫ ﻓﺮاﻏﻲ‬farāgī vacuum (adj.)
‫ ﻓــﺮوغ‬furūg emptiness, voidness, vacuity; vacancy, unocoupiedness;
termination, expiration, exhaustion | ‫اﻟﺼﱪ‬ ‫ ﻓﺮوغ‬f. aṣ-ṣabr impatience
‫ اﻓﺮغ‬afrag2 emptier
‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻳـﻎ‬tafrīg emptying, vacating, evacuation; discharge; unloading (of a
cargo)
‫ اﻓﺮاغ‬ifrāg emptying, vacating, evacuation; pouring out
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺮاغ‬istifrāg emptying, voiding, vacating, evacuation; vomiting
Confidential
‫ ﻓـﺎرغ‬fārig pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮاغ‬furrāg empty, void; vacant; unoccupied, not busy, idle,
leisurely; inane, vacuous, idle, useless; -- tare (com.) | ‫ ﻟﻔـﺎرغ‬in the void (of
the target) = in the bull’s-eye; ‫اﻟﺼﱪ‬ ‫ ﺑﻔﺎرغ‬bi-f. iṣ-ṣabr impatiently
‫ ﻣﻔـﺮوغ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬mafrūg minh finished, settled (question, problem, and the like);
exhausted (topic, and the like)
‫ ﻣﻔﺮغ‬mufarrig emptying; creating a vacuum | O ‫ آﻟﺔ ﻣﻔﺮﻏﺔ‬vacuum pump
‫ ﻣﻔﺮغ‬mufarrag emptied, vacated, exhausted of air, vacuum (adj.); hollow
‫ ﻣﻔـﺮغ‬mufrag cast (in a mold) | ‫( ﺣﻠﻘـﺔ ﻣﻔﺮﻏـﺔ‬ḥalqa) seamless ring; vicious
circle, circulus vitiosus
1‫ ﻓﺮﻓﺮ‬farfara to shake itself (of animals, esp. of a bird)
‫ ﻓﺮﻓﺮ‬farfar small bird
‫ ﻓﺮﻓﻮر‬furfūr small bird
2 ‫ ﻓﺮﻓﻮري‬farfūrī = ‫ ﻓﻐﻔﻮري‬fine porcelain
3 ‫ﻓﺮﻓﲑ‬firfīr purple, purpure
‫ ﻓﺮﻓﺶ‬farfaša: ‫( ﻓﺮﻓﺶ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬eg.) to recover, pick up, revive
‫ ﻓﺮﻓﺸﺔ‬farfaša (eg.) ease, comfort, convenience, leisure
1151
‫ ﻓﺮﻓﲑ‬firfīr purple, purpure

‫ ﻓـﺮق‬faraqa u (farq, ‫ ﻓﺮﻗـﺎن‬furqān to separate, part, divide, sever, sunder (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to make a distinction (‫ ﺑــﲔ‬between), distinguish, differentiate,
discriminate (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between); ‫( ﻓـﺮق‬farq) to part (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the hair); fariqa a (faraq) to
be terrified, be dismayed; to be afraid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of) II to separate, part, divide,
sever, sunder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to strew about, scatter, disperse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make a
distinction (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between), distinguish, differentiate (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between; ‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o.
from); to distribute (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to, among); to frighten, scare, daunt,
terrify, horrify (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ﻓـﺮق ﺗﺴـﺪ‬ farriq tasud divide and rule! divide et
impera! III to separate o.s. disengage o.s., withdraw, depart (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.o.,
from s.th.), part (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o., with s.th.), leave, quit (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) V to
be or become separated, split, disunited, divided, scattered, dispersed,
separate, part, divide, scatter, disperse, dissolve, break up VII to be or
become separated, disunited, divided, separate o.s., disengage o.s. (‫ﻋــﻦ‬
Confidential
from), part (‫ ﻋﻦ‬with) VIII = V | ‫ﻗﺪدا‬
many parts or groups, become divided
‫( اﻓﱰق ﻃﺮاﺋﻖ‬ṭarā’iqa qidadan) to split into
‫ ﻓ ــﺮق‬farq separation, severance, sunderance, division, partition;

differentiation, distinction, discrimination; parting (of the hair); -- (pl. ‫ﻓـﺮوق‬
furūq) difference, dissimilarity, distinction; small change, coins; pl. cases
similar with regard to facts, yet different as to their legal implications (Isl.
Law)
‫ ﻓـﺮق‬firq part, portion, division, section, unit; band, company, party,
detachment, troop, group; herd, flock
‫ ﻓﺮق‬faraq fear, fright, terror
‫ ﻓﺮق‬fariq fearful, timid, timorous, cowardly, craven
‫ ﻓﺮﻗــﺔ‬firqa pl. ‫ ﻓــﺮق‬firaq part, portion, division, section, unit; band,
company, party, detachment, troop, group; class; grade, class (in school);
pupils or students of a course; troupe, ensemble; team, crew; division (mil.);
sect |‫( اﻟﻔﺮﻗـﺔ اﻟﻸﺟﻨﺒﻴـﺔ‬ajnabīya) the Foreign Legion; ‫ اﻟﻔﺮﻗـﺔ اﳋﺎﻣﺴـﺔ‬the fifth
column; ‫( ﻓﺮﻗـﺔ ﻣﺼـﻔﺤﺔ‬muṣaffaḥa) armored division; ‫( ﻓﺮﻗـﺔ اﳌﻄـﺎﻓﺊ‬or ‫ )اﻷﻃﻔـﺎء‬f.
al-maṭāfi2 (or al-iṭfā’) fire department, fire brigade; ‫ ﻓﺮﻗـﺔ اﻹﻋـﺪام‬f. al-i‘dām
1152
firing squad; ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺮاﺿﻴﺔ‬

‫( ﻓﺮﻗﺔ‬isti‘rāḍīya) show troupe, revue troupe; ‫ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
(mūsīqīya) orchestra; ‫ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬f. mūsīqā (military) band
‫ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ‬furqa separatedness, separation, disunion
‫ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ‬farīq pl. ‫ ﻓـﺮوق‬furūq, ‫ اﻓﺮﻗـﺔ‬afriqa, ‫ اﻓﺮﻗـﺎء‬afriqā2 band, company, troop,
detachment, unit; party; faction; team (sports); - a military and naval rank,
approx.: lieutenant general (Eg.), vice admiral (Eg.) | ‫ﻓﺮﻳــﻖ اول‬ (awwal)
lieutenant general (Ir.); ‫ن‬ ‫( ﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬tānin) major general (Ir.)
‫ ﻓــﺮوق‬farūq very fearful, timid, timorous, cowardly, craven; --
Constantinople
‫ ﻓــﺎروق‬fārūq very timorous; ‫ اﻟﻔــﺎروق‬he who distinguishes truth from
falsehood (epithet of the 2nd Caliph, Omar)
‫ ﻓﺎروﻗﻴـﺔ‬fārūqīya “Faruk cap”, winter field cap of the Egyptian Air Force
(1939)
‫ ﻓﺮﻗﺎن‬furqān proof, evidence; ‫ اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‬the Koran
‫ ﻣﻔﺮق‬mafraq, mafriq pl. ‫ ﻣﻔـﺎرق‬mafāriq2 crossing, intersection, bifurcation,
Confidential
forking, fork, junction, interjunction; road fork, highway intersection,
crossroads, also ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ ﻣﻔﺮق‬m. aṭ-ṭuruq; ‫ اﳌﻔﺮق‬al-mafraq or ‫ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ اﳌﻔﺮق‬qal‘at al-
m. Mafrak (city in N Jordan) | ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﻔﺮق‬mafriq aš-ša‘r parting (of the hair)
‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻳــﻖ‬tatrīq separation, severance, sunderance, partition, division;
dispersion, dispersal, scattering; differentiation, distinction, discrimination;
distribution; pl. ‫ﺗﻔـﺎرﻳﻖ‬ tafārīq2 single, separate parts, detached sections |
‫ﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ‬ in detail; in portions; by retail (com.)
‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻗــﺔ‬tafriqa separation, severance, sunderance, partition, division;
dispersion, dispersal, scattering; differentiation, distinction, discrimination;
distribution | ‫ ﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‬in detail; in portions; by retail (com.)
‫ ﻣﻔﺎرﻗــﺔ‬mufāraqa separation, parting, farewell, leave-taking, departure;
difference, dissimilarity, distinction
‫ ﻓـ ـﺮاق‬firāq separation, parting, farewell, leave-taking, departure;
difference, dissimilarity, distinction
‫ ﺗﻔــﺮق‬tafarruq separation, disunion, division; dispersing, dispersal,
scattering; deployment (in the field; mil.)
‫ اﻓﱰاق‬iftirāq separation, disunion, division
1153
‫ ﻓ ــﺎرق‬fāriq distinguishing, differential, distinctive, discriminative,

separative; (pl. ‫ ﻓـﻮارق‬fawāriq2) a separating or distinctive factor; distinctive
characteristic, criterion; difference, distinction, dissimilarity, disparity | ‫ﻣـﻊ‬
‫( ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﺎرق‬bu‘d l-f.) in spite of the great difference
‫ ﻣﻔﺮق‬mufarriq distributor, retailer; mailman, postman
‫ ﻣﻔـﺮق‬mufarraq retail (adj.) | ‫ ﺟـﺮ اﳌﻔـﺮق‬retail merchant, retailer; ‫ ﳌﻔـﺮق‬by
retail
‫ ﻣﺘﻔــﺮق‬mutafarriq dispersed, scattered; sporadic; ‫ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗــﺎت‬miscellany,
sundries (com.), miscellaneous items
‫ ﻣﻔـﱰق‬muftaraq crossing, intersection, bifurcation, forking, fork, junction,
interjunction; road fork, highway intersection, crossroads, also ‫ﻣﻔـﱰق اﻟﻄـﺮق‬
m. aṭ-ṭuruq
2‫ ﻓﺎورﻳﻘﺔ‬pl. ‫ ﻓﻮارﻳﻖ‬look up alphabetically
3‫ اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬look up alphabetically
4‫ اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‬pl. ‫ اﻓﺎرﻗﺔ‬look up alphabetically
Confidential
‫ ﻓﺮﻗﺪ‬farqad calf; ‫ اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺪان‬two bright stars of Ursa Minor (β and γ)
‫ ﻓﺮﻗﻊ‬farqa‘a (‫ ﻓﺮﻗﻌﺔ‬farqa‘a) to pop, crack, burst, explode II tafarqa‘a = I
‫ ﻓﺮﻗﻌﺔ‬farqa‘a crack, pop, report (of a firearm); explosion, blast
‫ ﻣﻔﺮﻗــﻊ‬mufarqi‘ explosive, blasting (adj.); pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺮﻗﻌــﺎت‬explosives;
firecrackers, fireworks
‫ ﻓﺮﻗﻠـﺔ‬farqilla (eg.) pl. -āt whip with a leather thong, used in driving
animals
‫ ﻓﺮك‬faraka u (fark) to rob (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II = I V to be robbed VII = V
‫ ﻓﺮﻳﻚ‬farīk rubbed; cooked green wheat
O ‫ ﻣﻔﺮاك‬mifrāk twirling stick
2‫ ﻓﺮاك‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓـﺮﻛﺶ‬farkaša (eg.) to disarrange, dishevel, tangle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), tousle, muss,

tear (hair)
1‫ ﻓـﺮم‬farama i (farm) to out into small pieces (‫ ﻫ ـ‬meat, tobacco), mince,
chop, hash (‫ ﻫـ‬meat) II = I

‫ ﻣﻔﺮﻣﺔ‬miframa meat grinder; mincer, mincing machine
1154
‫ ﻣﻔـﺮﻣﻢ‬mafrūm: ‫( دﺧـﺎن ﻣﻔـﺮوم‬dukān) finely cut tobacco; ‫( ﳊـﻢ ﻣﻔـﺮوم‬laḥm)

chopped meat, hashed meat
2‫( ﻓﺮم‬It. forma) furma pl. ‫ ﻓﺮم‬furam mold
‫ ﻓﺮﻣﺎن‬faramān pl. -āt, ‫ ﻓﺮاﻣﲔ‬farāmīn2 firman; decree, edict; (letter of) safe-
conduct, laisser-passer (formerly, in the Ottoman Empire)
‫( ﻓﺮﻣﺒﻮاز‬Fr. framboise) frambuwāz raspberry
‫( ﻓﺮﻣﺴﻮن‬eg.) firmasōn (from Fr. franc-maçon) Freemason
‫ ﻓﺮﻣﻠﺔ‬farmala pl. ‫ ﻓﺮاﻣﺖ‬farāmil2 brake (of a wheel, etc.)
‫( ﻓﺮﻣﻠﺠﻲ‬eg.) farmalgī pl. -īya brakeman
‫ ﻓﺮﻣﻮزا‬farmōza, formōza Formosa
‫ ﻓﺮن‬furn pl. ‫ اﻓﺮان‬afran oven, baking oven
‫ ﻓﺮان‬farrān baker
‫ ﻓـﺮﻧﺞ‬II tafarnaja to become Europeanized, adopt European manners,
imitate the Europeans
‫ اﻹﻓﺮﻧﺞ‬al-ifranj the Europeans | ‫ ﺑﻼد اﻹﻓﺮﻧﺞ‬Europe
Confidential
‫ اﻓﺮﳒﻲ‬ifranjī European; ‫ اﻹﻓﺮﳒﻲ‬syphilis
‫ ﻓﺮﳒﺔ‬firanja2 Land of the Franks, Europe
‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻧﺞ‬tafarnuj Europeanization, imitation of the Europeans
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻧﺞ‬mutafarnij Europeanized
1‫ ﻓﺮﻧﺪ‬firind a sword of exquisite workmanship
2‫ ﻓﺮﻧﺪة‬faranda, varanda pl. -āt veranda, porch
‫ ﻓـﺮﻧﺲ‬farnasa (‫ ﻓﺮﻧﺴـﺔ‬farnasa) to make French, Frenchify, imbue with

French culture (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II tafarnasa to become a Frenchman; to imitate the
French
‫ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬faransā (also ‫ )ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺔ‬France
‫ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻲ‬faransī French; (pl. -ūn) Frenchman
‫ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎوي‬faransāwī (also ‫ )ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻮي‬French
‫ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺲ‬al-faransīs the French
‫ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺴﻜﺎن‬al-faransiskān the Franciscans
‫( ﻓﺮﻧﻚ‬Fr. franc) firank and ‫ ﻓﺮﻧﻜﺔ‬pl. -āt franc
‫ ﻓﺮﻩ‬farih lively, agile, nimble
1155
‫ ﻓﺮاﻫــﺔ‬farāha liveliness, agility, nimbleness, swiftness (of an animal);

sturdiness
‫ ﻓﺎرﻩ‬fārih lively, agile, nimble, swift (animal); comely, pretty; sturdy; big
‫ ﻓﺮو‬farw (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻓﺮاء‬firā’ furriery, fur(s), skin(s), pelt(s), peltry
‫ ﻓﺮوة‬farwa (n. un.) fur, pelt; akin, hide | ‫ ﻓـﺮوة اﻟـﺮأس‬scalp; ‫ اﺑـﻮ ﻓـﺮوة‬abū f. (eg.)
chestnut ‫ ﻓـﺮى‬farā i (fary) to split lengthwise, cut lengthwise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (eg.)
to mince, chop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to invent lyingly, fabricate, trump up (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
against) | ‫( ﻓـﺮى ﻛـﺬ‬kidban) to fabricate, or invent, a lie (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against) II to
split lengthwise, cut lengthwise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV = II; VIII to invent lyingly,
fabricate, trump up (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.th. against); to slander, libel, calumniate (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.o.)
‫ ﻓﺮﻳﺔ‬firya pl. ‫ ﻓﺮى‬firan lie, falsehood, falsity; slander, calumny
‫ ﻓﺮى‬farīy: ‫ ﺟﺎء( ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻓـﺮ‬or) ‫ اﺗـﻰ‬to do s.th. unheard-of, do an unprecedented
thing
‫ ﻣﻔﺮاة‬mifrāh (eg.) (= ‫ )ﻣﻔﺮﻣﺔ‬meat grinder; mincer, mincing machine
Confidential
‫ اﻓﱰاء‬iftirā’ lie, falsehood, falsity; slander, calumny
‫ ﻣﻔﱰ‬muftarin slanderer, calumniator
‫ ﻣﻔﱰ ت‬muftarayāt lies, falsities; calumnies
‫ ﻓﺮﻳﺰ‬farīz pl. ‫ اﻓﺮزة‬afriza = ‫ اﻓﺮﻳﺰ‬ifrīz (look up alphabetically)
‫ ﻓـﺰ‬fazza i (fazz) to jump up, start, bolt; to be or become frightened,
terrified, dismayed, startled; to frighten, alarm, startle (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), scare
away (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻋﻦ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. from) IV to frighten, alarm, startle (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.),
scare away (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻦ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. from) V to become restless, restive, uneasy X
to fill with unrest or excitement, rouse, agitate, excite, stir up, instigate,
incite, egg on, inflame, whip up (‫ ه‬s.o.), provoke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an incident); to startle
(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o. out of); to stir up, arouse (‫ ﻣﻦ ه‬s.o. from)
‫ ﻓﺰة‬fazza start, jump, bolt, dart
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺰاز‬istifzāz pl. -āt instigation, agitation, incitement, provocation
‫ اﺳــﺘﻔﺰازي‬istifzāzī agitative, instigative, inflammatory, rabble-rousing,
provocative, incendiary
1156
‫ ﻓـﺰر‬lazara u (fazr) to tear, rent, burst (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be torn, be rent, split

open, burst VII = V
‫ ﻓﺰارة‬fazāra female leopard
‫ ﻓﺰورة‬fazūra pl. ‫ ﻓﻮازر‬fawāzir2 (eg.) riddle, puzzle
‫ ﻓـﺰع‬fazi‘a a (faza‘) and faza‘a a (faz‘, fiz‘) to be afraid, be scared (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of),
be alarmed, frightened, terrified (‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by); -- fazi‘a a to take refuge, flee
(‫ اﱃ‬to), seek asylum (‫ اﱃ‬with) II to strike (‫ ه‬s.o.) with fear; to frighten,
scare, alarm, terrify, dismay, startle (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to frighten, startle, terrify,
scare (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be terrified, startled, dismayed; to be frightened | ‫ﺗﻔـﺰع ﻣـﻦ‬
‫( ﻧﻮﻣﻪ‬naumihī) to be roused from one’s sleep
‫ ﻓــﺰع‬faza‘ pl. ‫ اﻓـﺰاع‬afzā‘ fear, fright, terror, alarm, dismay, anxiety,
consternation, panic
‫ ﻓﺰع‬fazi‘ frightened, terrified, scared, alarmed, startled, dismayed, fearful,
timorous
‫ ﻓﺰﻋـﺎن‬faz‘ān frightened. terrified, scared, alarmed, startled, dismayed,
Confidential
fearful, timorous
‫ ﻓﺰاﻋﺔ‬fazzā‘a one who inspires fear; scarecrow
‫ ﻣﻔﺰع‬mafza‘ place of refuge, retreat, sanctuary
‫ ﻣﻔﺰﻋﺔ‬mafza‘a place of refuge, retreat, sanctuary; scarecrow
‫ ﻣﻔﺰع‬mufzi‘ terrible, dreadful, alarming
‫ ﻣﻔﺰع‬mufzi‘ frightened, terrified, alarmed, startled
‫ ﻓﺴﺘﺎن‬fustān pl. ‫ ﻓﺴﺎﺗﲔ‬fasātīn2 (woman’s) dress, gown, frock
‫ ﻓﺴﺘﻖ‬fustuq, fustaq pistachio (bot.)
‫ ﻓﺴﺢ‬fasuḥa u (‫ ﻓﺴﺤﺔ‬fusḥa, ‫ ﻓﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬fasāḥa) to be or become wide, spacious,
roomy; – fasaḥa a (fasḥ) to make room, clear a space (‫ﰲ‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬in, ‫ ل‬for) II to
make wide, make spacious, widen, broaden, extend, expand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
make room, clea a space (‫ ل‬for) | ‫( ﻓﺴـﺢ ﳎـﺎﻻ ﻟـﻪ‬majālan) to make room for
s.o., or s.th., give s.o. or s.th. free play or free scope; to open up an
opportunity for s.o.; ‫ ﻓﺴﺢ ﻟﻪ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬to open or pave the way for s.o. or s.th. IV
to make room, clear a space (‫ ل‬for); to clear. open up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬for) V to be
or become wide, spacious, roomy; to walk, take a walk VII to be or become
1157
wide, spacious, roomy; to extend, expand, dilate; to be free, be ample (time)

| ‫اﻷوﻗﺎت‬ ‫ اﻧﻔﺴﺤﺖ ﱄ‬I had plenty of time
‫ ﻓﺴـﺤﺔ‬fusḥa wideness, ampleness, spaciousness, roominess; extensive
possibilities, ample opportunities, wide scope for action; (time) margin,
enough time (‫ ل‬for); -- (pl. ‫ﻓﺴـﺢ‬ fusaḥ, -āt) free, open, or empty, space;
holidays, vaoation; walk, promenade, stroll, ride, drive, outing, excursion |
‫( ﻣﺎ زال ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻓﺴﺤﺔ‬waqt) there is still time
‫ ﻓﺴـﺤﺔ‬fusḥa pl. -āt (eg.) anteroom, vestibule, hallway, entrance hall; (eg.,
also syr.) open space between houses; courtyard
‫ ﻓﺴﻴﺢ‬fasīḥ) pl. ‫ ﻓﺴﺎح‬fisāḥ wide, ample, spacious, roomy, broad
‫ اﻧﻔﺴﺎح‬infisāḥ wideness, ampleness; extension, expansion, dilation
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺴﺢ‬munfasaḥ) wideness, ampleness; plane, surface
‫ ﻓﺴـﺦ‬fasaka a (fask) to dislocate, disjoint, luxate, put out of joint (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
limb); to sever, sunder, tear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (jur.) to cancel, abolish, rescind,
revoke, abrogate, annul, nullify, invalidate, dissolve, void, vacate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); --
Confidential
fasika a (fasak) to lose color; to fade (color) II to tear to pieces, tear apart,
lacerate, mangle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to salt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fish) V to break up into fragments,
fall apart, disintegrate VII (jur.) to be canceled, abolished, rescinded,
revoked, abrogated, annulled, nullified, invalidated, dissolved, voided,
vacated
‫ ﻓﺴ ــﺦ‬fask (jur.) cancellation, abolishment, abolition, rescission,
revocation, abrogation, annulment, nullification, invalidation, dissolving,
voiding, vacating
‫ ﻓﺴﺨﻲ‬faskī abolitionary, revocatory, abrogative, nullifying
‫ ﻓﺴﺨﺔ‬faska (wood) splinter, chip, sliver
‫ ﻓﺴﻴﺦ‬fasīk (eg.) small salted fish
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﺴﺦ‬mutafassik degenerate(d)
‫ ﻓﺴـﺪ‬fasada u i (‫ ﻓﺴـﺎد‬fasād, ‫ ﻓﺴـﻮد‬fusūd) to be or become bad, rotten,
decayed, putrid, be spoiled; to be or become vicious, wicked, vile, corrupt,
depraved, be marred, impaired, corrupted, perverted, vitiated; to be empty,
vain, idle, unsound, false, wrong II to spoil, deprave, ruin, corrupt,
demoralize (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to degrade, abase, sully, tarnish, defile (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.) IV to spoil (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.o., e.g., s.o.’s plans,
etc.), deprave, corrupt, pervert, demoralize (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to mar, distort,
1158
devaluate, depreciate, denigrate, degrade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); to weaken,

sap. undermine, upset, ruin, destroy, foil, thwart, frustrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
alienate, estrange (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. from another; ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. from s.th.), entice
away (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.th.); to sow, or stir up, dissension (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬among); to
act evilly, wickedly; to cause mischief | ‫( اﻓﺴـﺪ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻣـﺮﻩ‬amrahū) to play s.o. a
dirty trick VII = I
‫ ﻓﺴـﺎد‬fasād rottenness, spoiledness, corruption, decay, decomposition,
putrefaction, putridity; depravity, wickedness, viciousness, iniquity.
immorality; weakness; pervertedness, wrongness ; incorrectness,
imperfection (of a legal transaction; Isl. Law)
‫ ﻣﻔﺴـﺪة‬mafsada pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺳـﺪ‬mafāsid2 cause of corruption or evil; scandalous
deed, heinous act; pl. ‫ﻣﻔﺎﺳـﺪ‬ dirty tricks, malicious acts, chicaneries | ‫ﰲ‬
‫( اﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ واﳌﻔﺴﺪة‬maṣlaḥa) in good and bad times, for better or for worse
‫ اﻓﺴﺎد‬ifsād thwarting, undermining, sabotaging
‫ ﻓﺎﺳــﺪ‬fāsid pl. ‫ ﻓﺴــﺪي‬fasadī bad, foul, rotten, spoiled, decayed,
Confidential
decomposed, putrid; depraved, corrupt, vicious, wicked, immoral; empty,
vain, idle, unsound, false, wrong; imperfect (legal transaction; Isl. Law) |
‫( ﻓﺎﺳﺪ‬daur) vicious circle, circulus vitiosus
‫ ﻓﺴــﺮ‬II to explain, expound, explicate, elucidate, interpret (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
‫دور‬
comment (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on) V to be explained, interpreted, etc. (see II); to have an

explanation (‫ ب‬in), be explainable (‫ ب‬with, by) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for an
explanation (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), inquire (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.o. about), ask (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. about); to
seek an explanation (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for)
‫ ﺗﻔﺴــﲑ‬tafsīr pl. ‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺳــﲑ‬tafāsīr2 explanation, exposition, elucidation,
explication, interpretation; commentary (esp. one on the Koran)
‫ ﺗﻔﺴﲑي‬tafsīrī explanatory, explicatory, illustrative
‫ ﺗﻔﺴﺮة‬tafsira urine specimen (of a patient, for diagnosis)
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎر‬istifsār pl. -āt inquiry, question (‫ ﻋﻦ‬about)
‫ ﻣﻔﺴﺮ‬mufassir commentator
1159
‫ ﻓﺴـﻄﺎط‬fusṭāṭ pl. ‫ ﻓﺴـﺎﻃﻴﻂ‬fasāṭīṭ2 (large) tent made of haircloth; tent,

pavilion, canopy; ‫ اﻟﻔﺴـﻄﺎط‬al-fusṭāṭ ancient Islamic city south of present-day
Cairo
‫ ﻓﺴﻄﺎن‬fusṭān pl. ‫ ﻓﺴﺎﻃﲔ‬fasāṭīn2 see ‫ﻓﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬fusfāt phosphate
‫ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬fasfara and II tafasfara to phosphoresce
‫ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬fusfur phosphorus
‫ ﻓﺴﻔﺲ‬fasfara (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻓﺴﺎﻓﺲ‬fasāfis2 bedbug
‫ ﻓﺴﻔﻮﺳﺔ‬fasfūsa pl. ‫ ﻓﺴﺎﻓﻴﺲ‬fasāfīs2 pustule, pimple
‫ ﻓﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎء‬fusaifisā’ mosaic, mosaic work
‫ ﻓﺴـﻖ‬fasaqa u i (fisq, ‫ ﻓﺴـﻮق‬fusūq) and fasuqa u to stray from the right
course; to stray, deviate (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to act unlawfully, sinfully, immorally,
lead a dissolute life; to fornicate (‫ ب‬with) II (Isl. Law) to declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
b. a fāsiq (q.v.)
‫ ﻓﺴﻖ‬fisq sinfulness, viciousness, moral depravity, dissolute life | ‫دور اﻟﻔﺴﻖ‬
Confidential
dūr al-f. brothels
‫ ﻓﺴﻮق‬fusūq outrage, iniquity
‫ ﻣﻔﺴﻘﺔ‬malaaqa pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺳﻖ‬mafāsiq2 brothel
‫ ﻓﺎﺳـﻖ‬fāsiq pl. ‫ ﻓﺴـﺎق‬fussāq, ‫ ﻓﺴـﻘﺔ‬fasaqa godless, sinful, dissolute, wanton,
licentious, profligate, vicious, iniquitous, nefarious; trespasser, offender,
sinner; fornicator, adulterer; a person not meeting the legal requirements of
righteousness (Isl. Law)
2 ‫ ﻓﺴﻘﻴﺔ‬fasqīya, fisqīya pl. -āt, ‫ ﻓﺴﺎﻗﻲ‬fasāqīy fountain; well
1‫ ﻓﺴﻞ‬fasl pl. ‫ ﻓﺴﻮل‬fusūil low, lowly, ignoble; despicable; false, deceitful
‫ ﻓﺴﻞ‬lusUIa lowliness; w.akness

‫ ﻓﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬fasīla pl. ‫ ﻓﺴﻴﻞ‬fasīl, ‫ ﻓﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬fasā’il2 palm seedling, palm shoot
2 ‫ ﻓﺴﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬fasūlīya = ‫ﻓﺼﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﺴﻠﺠﺔ‬faslaja physiology
‫ ﻓﺴﻠﺠﻲ‬faslajī physiologic(al)
(‫ﻓﺴﺎ‬ (‫ ﻓﺴﻮ‬fasā u (fasw, ‫ ﻓﺴﺎء‬fusā’) to break wind noiselessly
‫ ﻓﺎﺳﻴﺎء‬fāsiyā’2 dung beetle
1160
‫ ﻓﺴﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬fasūliya = ‫ﻓﺼﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬fisiyōlōjiyā physiology
‫ ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬fisiyōlōjī physiologic(al); physiologist
‫ ﻓـﺶ‬fašša u (fašš) to cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a swelling, and the like) to subside; to go
down, subside (swelling) | ‫( ﻓـﺶ ﺧﻠﻘـﻪ )ﻏﻠـﻪ( ﰲ‬kulqahū, gillahū) (eg.) to vent
one’s anger on … VII to go down, subside (swelling, and the like)
‫ ﻓﺸﺔ‬fišša pl. ‫ ﻓﺸﺶ‬fišaš (eg., syr.) lung, lights (of animals)
‫ ﻓﺎﺷﻲ‬and ‫ ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﺸﺦ‬fašaka a (fašk) to straddle; to stride, take large steps
‫ ﻓﺸﺦ‬fašk pl. -āt stride, large step
‫ ﻓﺸﺮ‬fašara u to brag, boast, swagger
‫ ﻓﺸﺮ‬fašr bragging, swagger, vain
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر‬fušār bragging, swagger, vain boasting
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر‬fišār (eg.) popcorn
‫ ﻓﺸﺎر‬faššār braggart, swaggerer, vain boaster
Confidential
‫ ﻓﺸﻔﺎش‬fašfāš (eg.) lung, lights (of animals)
‫ ﻓﺸﻚ‬fašak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cartridges | ‫( ﻓﺸﻚ ﺧﻠﱯ‬kullabī) blank cartridges
(Syr.); ‫دﺧﺎﱐ‬ ‫( ﻓﺸﻚ‬dukānī) smoke cartridges (Syr.)
‫ ﻓﺸـﻞ‬fašila a (fašal) to lose courage, be or become cowardly or faint-
hearted, lose heart, despair; to be disappointed; to fail, he unsuccessful (‫ﰲ‬
in); to miscarry, go wrong, fail n and IV to thwart, foil, frustrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V
to fail, be unsuccessful
‫ ﻓﺸﻞ‬fašal disappointment, failure, flop, fiasco
‫ ﻓﺸﻞ‬fašl, fašil weak, faint-hearted, cowardly, craven
‫ ﻓﺎﺷــﻞ‬fāšil failing, unsuccessful, futile, doomed to failure; no good,
worthless
(‫ﻓﺸـﺎ‬ (‫ ﻓﺸـﻮ‬fašā u (‫ ﻓﺸـﻮ‬fašw, fušuw, ‫ ﻓﺸـﻲ‬fušīy) to spread, spread about,
diffuse, gain ground, make the rounds, circulate; to be revealed, he
disclosed, he divulged IV to spread, disseminate, put in circulation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to reveal, disclose, divulge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.) V to spread, spread about, gain
ground, rage (e.g., a disease)
1161
‫ ﺗﻔﺶ‬tafaššin spreading, spread, outbreak

‫ ﻓﺺ‬II (eg.) to remove the outer shell (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.)
‫ ﻓـﺺ‬faṣṣ pl. ‫ ﻓﺼـﻮص‬fuṣūṣ stone of a ring; clove (of garlic); segment (of an
orange); lobe (anat., bot.); joint; essence | ‫ﻣﻠـﺢ‬ ‫ ﻓـﺺ‬f. milḥ (eg.) lump of salt;
‫( ﺑﻨﺼﻪ وﻓﺼﻪ‬naṣṣihī) in the very words, ipsissimis verbis, literally, precisely
1 ‫ ﻓﺼﺢ‬faṣuḥa u (‫ ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺔ‬faṣāḥa) to be eloquent II to bring (‫ ﻫـ‬the language)
into literary form, make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the language) correct Arabic, purify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
language) IV to express o.s. in flawless literary Arabic; to speak clearly,
distinctly, intelligibly; to give expression (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to), express, state clearly,
declare outright, make plain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), speak openly, frankly (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬about); to

orient, inform (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. about); to become clear, plain, distinct V to affect
eloquence, affect mastery of the language VI = V
‫ ﻓﺼـﻴﺢ‬faṣīḥ pl. ‫ ﻓﺼـﺤﺎء‬fuṣaḥā’2, ‫ ﻓﺼـﺎح‬fiṣāḥ, ‫ ﻓﺼـﺢ‬fuṣuḥ pure, good Arabic
(language), literary; skillful in using the correct literary language; clear,
plain, distinct, intelligible (language, speech); fluent, eloquent
Confidential
‫ ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺔ‬faṣāḥa purity of the language; fluency, eloquence
‫ اﻓﺼﺢ‬afṣaḥ2, f. ‫ ﻓﺼﺤﻰ‬fuṣḥā of purer language; more eloquent | (‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ )اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫‘( اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬arabīya, luga) classical Arabic; ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‬do.
‫ اﻓﺼﺎح‬ifṣāḥ flawless literary Arabic style; frank statement, open word (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
about), open declaration (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of)
‫ ﻣﻔﺼـﺢ‬mufṣiḥ clear, plain, distinct, intelligible; cloudless, sunny, bright
(day)
2‫ ﻓﺼﺢ‬IV to celebrate Easter (Chr.); to celebrate Passover (Jud.)
‫ ﻓﺼﺢ‬fiṣḥ, faṣḥ pl. ‫ ﻓﺼﻮح‬fuṣūḥ Easter (Chr.); Pesach, Passover (Jud.)

‫ ﻓﺼﺪ‬faṣada i (faṣd, ‫ ﻓﺼﺎد‬faṣād) to open a vein; to bleed (‫ ه‬s.o.), perform a
venesection (‫ ه‬on) V to drip (e.g., the face, ‫‘ ﻋﺮﻗـﺎ‬araqan with perspiration)
VII to be bled, undergo a venesection; to bleed (nose)
‫ ﻓﺼﺪ‬faṣd opening of a vein, bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy
‫ ﻓﺼﺎد‬fiṣād opening of a vein, bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy
‫ ﻓﺼﺎدة‬fiṣāda pl. ‫ ﻓﺼﺎﺋﺪ‬faṣā’id2 bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy | ‫اﺑﻮ‬
‫ ﻓﺼﺎدة‬abū f. (eg.) wagtail (zool.)
1162
‫ ﻣﻔﺼﺪ‬mifṣad, pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﺪ‬mafāṣid2 lancet

‫ ﻓﺼﻔﺎت‬fuṣfāt phosphate
‫ ﻓﺼﻔﻮر‬fuṣfūr phosphorus
‫ ﻓﺼﻔﻮري‬fuṣfūrī phosphoric, phosphorous | ‫ ﺿﻴﺎء ﻓﺼﻔﻮري‬phosphorescence
‫ ﻓﺼـﻞ‬faṣala i (faṣl) to separate, part, divide, disjoin, divorce, cut off,
detach, set apart, segregate (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th. from); to separate (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬two
things or persons); to isolate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cut, sever, sunder, interrupt (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to discharge, dismiss, fire, sack, expel (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ﻋـﻦ ه‬ s.o. from an
office), relieve, divest (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ﻋـﻦ ه‬ s.o. of an office), cashier (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
decide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a controversy, and the like), make a decision. render judgment (‫ﰲ‬
in, about, with respect to); to fix the price (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.); -- (‫ ﻓﺼـﺎل‬fiṣāl) to
wean (‫اﻟﺮﺿـﺎع‬ ‫ ه ﻋـﻦ‬the infant from sucking); -- faṣala u (‫ ﻓﺼـﻮل‬fuṣūl) to go
away, depart, move away (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬from), leave (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬a place), pull out
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬of a place) II to divide into particular sections, arrange in sections,
Confidential
group, classify, categorize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to present in logical order, set forth in
detail, detail, particularize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) clear, plain, distinct; to

make to measure, cut out (‫ ﻫـ‬a garment) III to separate o.s., dissociate o.s., be
separated (‫ ه‬from s.o.), part company (‫ ه‬with); to haggle, bargain (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
with s.o. for) VII to separate o.s., disengage o.s., dissociate o.s. segregate,
secede (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to be separated, disjoined, detached, removed, set aside,
cut off (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), be interrupted; to be discharged, dismissed, fired, sacked,

cashiered; to retire, resign (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from an office), be relieved, be divested
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬of an office); to quit, leave (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬a political party, and the like)
‫ ﻓﺼـﻞ‬faṣl parting, disjunction, detachment, severance, sunderance, cutting
off; separation; division, partition; discharge, dismissal (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from an
office); decision, (rendering of) judgment; -- (pl. ‫ ﻓﺼـﻮل‬fuṣūl) section, part;
chapter; act (of a play); movement (of a symphony, etc.); article (in a
newspaper); class, grade (school); season | ‫( ﻓﺼــﻞ اﳋﻄــﺎب‬in letters:)
conclusion of the formal greetings by the words ‫ اﻣـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ammā ba‘du;
1163
conclusion, termination; decision; unmistakable judgment; ‫ﺑﻴـﲏ وﺑﻴﻨـﻚ ﻓﺼـﻞ‬

‫ اﳋﻄﺎب‬we’re through with one another once and for all; ‫( ﻓﺼـﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴـﻞ‬theater)
season; ‫( اﻟﻘـﻮل اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬qaul) the last word, the final decision; ‫ ﻳـﻮم اﻟﻔﺼـﻞ‬yaum
al-f. Day of Judgment, Doomsday
O ‫ ﻓﺼﻠﺔ‬faṣla comma | O ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‬ ‫ ﻓﺼﻠﺔ‬semicolon
‫ ﻓﺼﻠﺔ‬fiṣla offprint, reprint
‫ ﻓﺼﻴﻞ‬faṣīl pl. ‫ ﻓﺼﺎل‬fiṣāl, ‫ ﻓﺼﻼن‬fuṣlān young (weaned) camel
‫ ﻓﺼـﻴﻠﺔ‬faṣīla pl. ‫ ﻓﺼـﺎﺋﻞ‬faṣā’il genus, species, family (bot., and the like);
detachment, squad; group, cell (pol.); platoon, squadron (of heavy arms;
mil.) | ‫ﻓﺼـﻴﻠﺔ دم‬ f. dam blood group; ‫ﻓﺼـﻴﻠﺔ اﻹﻋـﺪام‬ f. al-i‘dām firing squad,
execution squad; ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف‬ ‫ ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ‬reconnaissance squad, patrol

‫ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬faiṣal decisive criterion; arbitrator, arbiter
‫ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬faiṣalīya “Faisal cap”, Iraqi field cap (formerly, Ir.)
‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‬mafṣil pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬mafāṣil2 joint, articulation
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ‬mafṣilī articular
‫ ﺗﻔﺼــﻴﻞ‬tafṣīl detailed statement, elaborate or minute exposition,
particularization, detailing; elaborateness, minuteness, completeness of
detail; cutting out, cut (of a garment); (pl. -āt, ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻـﻴﻞ‬ tafāṣīl2) detail,
particular |‫ ﺗﻔﺼــﻴﻼ‬tafṣīlan and ‫ ﻟﺘﻔﺼــﻴﻞ‬in detail, elaborately, minutely,

circumstantially; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻔﺼـﻴﻞ‬... (with foll. genit.) made to measure by ...;
tailored by ...; ‫ ﺛﻴـﺎب اﻟﺘﻔﺼـﻴﻞ‬tailor-made clothes; ‫ ﳏﺒـﻮك اﻟﺘﻔﺼـﻴﻞ‬well-fitting
(garment)
‫ ﺗﻔﺼـﻴﻠﻲ‬tafṣīlī detailed, minute, particular, elaborate; analytic(al); ‫ﺗﻔﺼـﻴﻠﻴﺎ‬
tafṣīlīyan separately, singly, one at a time | ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬land survey
‫ اﻧﻔﺼــﺎل‬infiṣāl separation; disengagement, dissociation, withdrawal;
secession; interruption | O ‫ﺣـﺮب اﻻﻧﻔﺼـﺎل‬ ḥarb al-inf. the American Civil
War; ‫اﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎل‬ ‫ اﻧﺼﺎر‬separatists
‫ اﻧﻔﺼﺎﱄ‬infiṣālī separatistic; (pl. -ūn) separatist
‫ اﻧﻔﺼـﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬infiṣālīya aeparatism‫ ﻓﺎﺻـﻞ‬faṣil separatory, separating, parting,
dividing; isolating, insulating; decisive, crucial; conclusive; separation,
1164
partition, division, interruption | ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬

‫ ﺑﻼ‬without interruption, uninterrupted,
unbroken; ‫ ﻓﺎﺻــﻞ اﳊ ـﺮارة‬f. al-ḥarāra heat-insulating (phys.); ‫ﻣﺒــﺎراة ﻓﺎﺻــﻠﺔ‬
(mubārāh) finals, final match (sports); ‫( ﺧﻂ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬kaṭṭ) demarcation line
‫ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﺔ‬fāṣila pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﺻـﻞ‬fawāṣil2 partition, division; interstice, interspace,
interval; O comma; O dash (punctuation mark); end, rhyme of a Koranic
verse
‫ ﻣﻔﺼـﻞ‬mufaṣṣal set forth or described minutely, elaborately or in great
detail, detailed, minute, elaborate, circumstantial; tailor-made, custom-
made; ‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻼ‬mufaṣṣalan in detail, minutely, elaborately, circumstantially
‫ ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬mufaṣṣala pl. -āt hinge
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬munfaṣl separate, detached
‫ ﻓﺼـﻢ‬fṣama i (faṣm) to cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to crack, crack (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to split,
cleave (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); pass. fuṣima to be destroyed (house) VII to have a crack, be
cracked; to be split, be cleft
‫ ﻓﺼﻢ‬faṣm pl. ‫ ﻓﺼﻮﻣﺎت‬fuṣūmāt recess, niche, chamfer (in walls; arch.)
Confidential
‫ اﻧﻔﺼﺎم‬infiṣām split; O schizophrenia
‫ ﻓﺼﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬faṣūliyā (or ‫ )ﻓﺼﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬the common European bean (Phascolus vulgaris
L.; bot.)
‫ ﻓﺼﻰ‬V to free o.s., rid o.s. (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of), shake off (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓـﺾ‬faḍḍa (1st pers. perf. faḍaḍtu) u (faḍḍ) to break (open), pry open,
force open, undo (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a seal); to break, snap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to scatter,
disperse, break up, rout (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to perforate, pierce (‫ ﻫـ‬a pearl); to conclude,
close (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a session, and the like); to dissolve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬parliament); to settle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
conflict, and the like); to shed (‫ ﻫـ‬tears) | ‫ـﺎ‬ ‫( ﻓـﺾ ﺑﻜﺎر‬bakāratahā) to deflower
a girl; ‫ﻓـﻮك‬
‫ ﻻ ﻓـﺾ‬lā fuḍḍ fūka how well you have spoken! II to plate or coat
with silver, to silver (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VII to he opened, be broken, be undone (e.g., a
seal); to be scattered, be dispersed, be routed; to scatter, disperse, disband,
break up, dissolve; to be concluded, be closed (session, and the like) VIII to
deflwer (‫ ﻫﺎ‬a girl)
‫ ﻓــﺾ‬faḍḍ opening, breaking, undoing (e.g., of a real); dispersion,
scattering, breaking up, routing; settlement, settling (of a dispute);
conclusion, closure (e.g., of a session) | ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺎرة‬ ‫ ﻓﺾ‬f. al-bakāra defloration
1165
‫ ﻓﻀﺔ‬fiḍḍa silver
‫ ﻓﻀـﻲ‬fiḍḍī silver, silvery, argentic, argentous, made of silver, like silver;
‫ﻓﻀـﻴﺎت‬ fiḍḍīyāt silverware | ‫اﳉﻤﻬﻮرﻳـﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـﻴﺔ‬ (jumhūrīya) Argentina; ‫اﻟﺴـﺘﺎر‬
‫ اﻟﻔﻀﻲ‬the motion-picture screen, the silver screen
‫ ﻣﻔـﺾ‬mifaḍḍ implement for opening or breaking open | ‫ﻣﻔـﺾ اﳋﻄـﺎ ت‬
letter opener
‫ اﻧﻔﻀﺎض‬infiḍāḍ dissolution, breaking up, dispersal; end, close, conclusion,
closure (e.g., of a session)
‫ اﻓﺘﻀﺎض‬iftiḍāḍ defloration
‫ ﻓﻀـﺢ‬faḍaḥa a (faḍḥ) to disclose or uncover s.o. (‫ )ه‬faults or offenses,
expose, show up, compromise, shame, disgrace, dishonor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
outshine, eclipse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., the moon the stars); to ravish, violate, rape (‫ﻫﺎ‬
a woman); to disclose, reveal, show, bring to light, divulge, betray (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)

VII to be exposed, be compromised, be disgraced, be dishonored VIII to
become public, become known, come to light | ‫( اﻓﺘﻀـﺢ اﻣـﺮﻩ‬amruhū) he was
Confidential
exposed
‫ ﻓﻀـﺢ‬faḍḥ exposure, humiliation, mortification, debasement, degradation,
disgracing, dishonoring
‫ ﻓﻀـﻴﺢ‬faḍīḥ covered with shame, exposed, compromised, humiliated,
shamed, disgraced, dishonored; disgraceful, shameful, infamous,
ignominious
‫ ﻓﻀ ــﻴﺤﺔ‬faḍīḥa exposure, humiliation, mortification, debasement,
degradation, disgracing, dishonoring; -- (pl. ‫ ﻓﻀـﺎﺋﺢ‬faḍā’iḥ2) disgraceful, or
scandalous, act or thing; infamy, ignominy; shame, disgrace, scandal
‫ ﻓﻀﺎح‬faḍḍāḥ divulging secrets, unearthing shameful things
‫ اﻓﺘﻀﺎح‬iftiḍāḥ disgracefulness, ignominy, infamy
‫ ﻓﺎﺿـﺢ‬fāḍiḥ disgraceful, shameful, infamous, ignominious, dishonorable,
discrediting, scandalous
‫ ﻣﻔﻀـﻮح‬mafḍūḥ covered with shame, exposed, compromised, humiliated,
shamed, disgraced, dishonored; disgraceful, shameful, infamous,
ignominious
‫ ﻓﻀـﻔﺎض‬faḍfāḍ wide, loose, flowing (garment); ample, abundant; plump,
corpulent (girl); pompous, high-sounding, bombastic (speech)
1166
‫ ﻓﻀـﻞ‬faḍala u and faḍila a (faḍl) to be surplus, be in excess, be left (over),

remain; -- faḍala u (faḍl) to excel, surpass (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to be
excellent, superior, exquisite, good, be better, be more adequate II to prefer
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. to s.o., to s.th.), like better (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬than); to
give preference (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬to s.o., to s.th. over), set s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ )ﻫـ‬before
or above (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬III to contend for precedence or superiority (‫ ه‬with s.o.) |
‫ ﻓﺎﺿـﻞ ﺑـﲔ ﺷـﻴﺌﲔ‬to compare two things in order to determine which deserves
preference IV to confer a benefit (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.), do (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) a favor,
oblige (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.); to present, honor (‫ ب ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. with), bestow, confer (‫ب ﻋﻠﻰ‬
upon s.o. s.th.), grant, award (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.) V = IV; to have the
kindness (‫ ب‬of doing or to do s.th.; or ‫ ف‬fa with finite verb), be so kind (‫ب‬
as to do s.th.; or ‫ ف‬with finite verb), deign, condescend, be graciously
disposed (‫ ب‬to do s.th.; or ‫ ف‬with finite verb); (imperative) tafaḍḍal please!
if you please; to put on house clothes, be dressed for around the house
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻀـﻞ‬faḍl pl. ‫ ﻓﻀـﻮل‬fuḍūl surplus, overplus, excess, superfluity, overflow;
leftover, remainder, remnant, rest; matter of secondary importance,
subordinate matter; -- pl. ‫ ﻓﻀـﻮل‬that which is superfluous, redundant or in
excess, a surplus, overplus, superfluity; waste, refuse; droppings,
excrements; -- superiority (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬over); precedence, priority (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬over),
preference (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); grace, favor (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to, toward); kindness, graciousness,

amiability; erudition, culture, refinement; -- (pl. ‫ اﻓﻀﺎل‬afḍāl) merit, desert (‫ﰲ‬
on behalf of, with respect to), credit (for, in), service(s) (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); benefit,
favor, gift, present | ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫( ﻓﻀـﻼ‬faḍlan) beside, aside from ..., not to speak of
…, let alone ..., to say nothing of ...; ‫ ﻓﻀـﻼ ﻋـﻦ ذﻟـﻚ‬besides, moreover,
furthermore; ‫ ﺑﻔﻀـﻞ‬thanks to, owing to, due to; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻓﻀـﻠﻚ‬please! if you
please; ‫( ﻳﺮﺟــﻊ اﻟﻔﻀــﻞ ﰲ ذﻟــﻚ‬yarji‘u) or ‫ اﻟﻔﻀــﻞ ﰲ ذﻟــﻚ ﻋﺎﺋــﺪ ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ‬the merit
thereby is his due, he deserves all the credit for it; ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻟﻔﻀـﻮل ان‬it is not
superfluous that ...; ‫اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‬ ‫ ﻓﻀﻮل‬futile
talk, idle words; ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﻓﻀـﻮل اﻟﻜـﻼم ان‬f. il-kalām) it would be needless talk
to ..., it would be a waste of words if ...
1167
‫ ﻓﻀـﻠﺔ‬faḍla pl. faḍalāt remnant, remainder, residue, leftover, rest, surplus,

overplus; waste, scrap, discard, offal, waste product; pl. excretions
(physiol.), excrements
‫ ﻓﻀﻮل‬fuḍūl curiosity, inquisitiveness, officiousness, meddling
‫ ﻓﻀــﻮﱄ‬fuḍūlī inquisitive, curious; busy-body, officious, meddlesome;
prattler, chatterer; manager without commission, uncommissioned agent
(Isl. Law)
‫ ﻓﻀــﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬fuḍūlīya inquisitiveness curiosity; obtrusiveness, importunity,
officiousness, indiscreetness
‫ ﻓﻀـﻴﻞ‬faḍīl pl. ‫ ﻓﻀـﻼء‬fuḍalā’ outstanding, eminent, very good, first-rate,
excellent; distinguished, deserving; learned, erudite
‫ ﻓﻀـﺎﻟﺔ‬fuḍāla pl. -āt remnant, remainder, residue, leftover, rest, surplus,
overplus; offal, refuse, scum
‫ ﻓﻀـﻴﻠﺔ‬faḍīla pl. ‫ ﻓﻀـﺎﺋﻞ‬faḍā’il2 moral excellence, excellent quality, virtue;
merit, advantage, excellence, exquisiteness | ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻔﻀـﻴﻠﺔ‬title of Islamic
scholars (as, for instance, Rector and sheiks of Al Azhar University), also
preceding the title of sheik: ‫اﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ‬
Confidential
‫ اﻓﻀـﻞ‬afḍal2, f. ‫ ﻓﻀـﻠﻰ‬fuḍlā, pl. m. -ūn, ‫ اﻓﺎﺿـﻞ‬afāḍil2, f. ‫ ﻓﻀـﻠﻴﺎت‬fuḍlayāt
better, best; more excellent, preferable, etc.; ‫( اﻓﺎﺿـﻞ‬very) excellent, learned
men; ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺪات‬ ‫ ﻓﻀﻠﻴﺎت‬f. as-sayyidāt the worthy (or esteemed) ladies
‫ اﻓﻀـﻠﻴﺔ‬afḍalīya precedence, priority (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over), preference (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to. over);
predilection
‫ ﻣﻔﻀــﻞ‬mifḍal pre-eminent, most outstanding, most excellent, very
generous, very liberal
‫ ﻣﻔﻀﻠﺔ‬mifḍala pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺿﻞ‬mafāḍil2 house dress, everyday dress
‫ ﻣﻔﻀــﺎل‬mifḍāl pre-eminent, most outstanding, most excellent; very
generous, very liberal
‫ ﺗﻔﻀـﻴﻞ‬tafḍīl preference, preferment, favoring; esteem, high estimation |
‫ اﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ‬ism at-t. noun of preference = elative (af‘āl2; gram.)
‫ ﻓﻀﻞ‬mul/i44la compariaon, weighing
‫ ﺗﻔﻀــﻞ‬tafaḍḍul deigning, condescension, complaisance, courteousness,
courtesy, favor, grace | ‫ ﻟﺒﺴﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻞ‬libsat at-t. careless manner of dressing for
around the house
1168
‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺿــﻞ‬tafāḍul rivalry for precedence; quantitative disparity (of two

services rendered; Isl. Law) | O ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻞ‬ ‫ ﺣﺴﺎب‬differential calculus
O ‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻲ‬tafāḍulī differential (adj.)
‫ ﻓﺎﺿـﻞ‬fāḍil remaining, leftover, left, surplus, exceeding, in excess; (pl.
‫ﻓﻮاﺿــﻞ‬ fawāḍil2) remainder, remnant, residue, rest, leftover, surplus,
overplus, excess; -- (pl. -ūn, ‫ﻓﻀـﻼء‬ fuḍalā’2) outstanding, eminent, very
good, first-rate, superior, excellent, distinguished, deserving; learned; man
of culture and refinement
‫ ﻣﻔﻀﻞ‬mufaḍḍal preferable, preferred
(‫ ﻓﻀـﻮ‬and ‫ﻓﻀـﻲ( ﻓﻀـﺎ‬ faḍā u (‫ ﻓﻀـﻮ‬fuḍūw, ‫ﻓﻀـﺎء‬ faḍā’) to be or become
spacious, wide, large (space); to be empty, void, vacant II to empty, void,
vacate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to come, attain (‫ اﱃ‬to), arrive (‫ اﱃ‬at), reach (‫ اﱃ‬s.o., s.th.);
to lead (‫ب‬‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to; ‫ اﱃ‬to, e.g., to results); to inform, notify (‫ ب اﱃ‬s.o. of),
announce (‫ ب اﱃ‬to s.o. s.th.) V to have free time, have leisure (‫ ل‬for)
‫ ﻓﻀـﺎء‬faḍā’ vast and unlimited space, empty space; space (phys.); cosmic
Confidential
space; sky; vast expanse, vastness, void | ‫ ﺳـﻔﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء‬spaceship; ‫رﻣـﻰ ﺑـﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء‬to throw s.th. in the air; -- (pl. ‫ اﻓﻀـﻴﺔ‬afḍiya) open area, open tract of
land, open country
‫ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻲ‬faḍā’ī: ‫ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬spaceship
‫ ﻓـﺎض‬fāḍin empty, vacated, vacant; unoccupied, not busy, at leisure, free
(of commitments)
‫ ﻓﻄـﺢ‬faṭaḥa a (faṭḥ) and II to spread out, make broad and flat, flatten (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ اﻓﻄﺢ‬afṭaḥ2 and ‫ ﻣﻔﻄﺢ‬mufaṭṭaḥ broad-headed, broad-nosed
‫ ﻓﻄﺎﺣـﻞ‬faṭāḥil2 (pl. of ‫ ﻓﻄﺤـﻞ‬fiṭaḥl) important, outstanding, leading men or
personalities, luminaries, celebrities, stars | ‫زﻣــﻦ اﻟﻔﻄﺤــﻞ‬ zaman al-fiṭaḥl
primeval times, preadamic period
‫ ﻓﻄـﺮ‬faṭara u (faṭr) to split, cleave, break apart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- (‫ ﻓﻄـﻮر‬fuṭūr) to
break the fast, eat and drink after a fast; to breakfast, have breakfast; -- (faṭr)
to make, create, bring into being, bring forth (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; of God); to endow ( ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. with; of God); pass. fuṭira to have a natural disposition (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); ‫ﻓﻄـﺮ‬
1169
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ‬fuṭira) ... is native of him, ... is in his nature IV to break the fast, eat and
drink after a fast; to breakfast, have breakfast V to be split, be cleft, be
broken VII = V; ‫ﻟﺒﻜﺎء‬ ‫( اﻧﻔﻄﺮ‬bi-l-bukā’) to break into tears
‫ ﻓﻄﺮ‬faṭr pl. ‫ ﻓﻄﻮر‬fuṭūr crack, fissure, rift, cleavage, rupture
‫ ﻓﻄـﺮ‬fiṭr fast breaking | ‫ ﺻـﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻔﻄـﺮ‬ṣadaqat al-f. almsgiving at the end of
Ramadan (īsl. Law); ‫اﻟﻔﻄﺮ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻴﺪ‬īd al-f. Feast of Breaking the Ramadan Feast,
or Lesser Bairam, celebrated on the 1st of Shawwal
‫ ﻓﻄﺮ‬fuṭr (coll.; n. un.) fungi, mushrooms
‫ ﻓﻄـﺮي‬fuṯrī fungal, fungus, fungi-, myco- (in compounds); ‫ ﻓﻄـﺮ ت‬fuṯrīyāt
parasitic fungi; mushrooms; fungal cultures | ‫اﻟﻔﻄﺮي‬ ‫( اﳌﺮض‬maraḍ) mycosis
‫ ﻓﻄﺮة‬fiṭra creation; (pl. ‫ ﻓﻄﺮ‬fiṭar) nature, (natural) disposition, constitution,
temperament, innate character, instinct; fiṭratan by nature
‫ ﻓﻄﺮي‬fiṭrī natural; instinctive, native, inborn, innate | ‫( اﻹﻧﺴﺎن اﻟﻔﻄﺮي‬insān)
natural man; ‫اﻟﻔﻄﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﺪ ت‬natural religions
‫ ﻓﻄﻮر‬faṭūr breakfast
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻄــﲑ‬faṭīr unleavened; immature, unbaked; fresh, new, newly made;
unleavened bread
‫ ﻓﻄـﲑة‬faṭīra (coll. ‫ ﻓﻄـﲑ‬faṭīr) pl. ‫ ﻓﻄـﺎﺋﺮ‬faṭā’ir (unleavened) bread; pastry
made of water, flour and shortening (sometimes with sugar added); a cake-
like white bread (made with eggs and butter; eg.)
‫ ﻓﻄـﺎﻳﺮي‬faṭāyirī pl. ‫ ﻓﻄﺎﻳﺮﻳـﺔ‬faṭāyirīya (ṭun.) maker or seller of faṭira (see
above)
‫ ﻓﻄـﺎﻃﺮي‬faṭāṭirī pl. ‫ ﻓﻄﺎﻃﺮﻳـﺔ‬faṭāṭirīya (eg.) maker or seller of faṭira (see
above)
‫ اﻓﻄﺎر‬ifṭār fast breaking; breakfast; first meal after sunset during Ramadan
‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻃﺮ‬a-fāṭir the Creator (= God)
‫ ﻓﻄـﺲ‬faṭasa i (‫ ﻓﻄـﻮس‬fuṭūs) to die II to kill (‫ ه‬s.o.); to suffocate, strangle,
choke to death (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to become flattened (nose)
‫ ﻓﻄﻴﺲ‬faṭīs suffocated, stifled
‫ ﻓﻄﻴﺴﺔ‬faṭīsa pl. ‫ ﻓﻄﺎﺋﺲ‬faṭā’is2 corpse, body; carrion, carcass
‫ اﻓﻄﺲ‬afṯas2 flat-nosed, snub-nosed
1170
‫ ﻓﻄﻢ‬faṭama i (faṭm) to wean (‫ ه‬s.o.; an infant or a young animal) VII to be

weaned; to abstain (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫ ﻓﻄﺎم‬fiṭām weaning, ablactation
‫ ﻓﻄﻴﻢ‬faṭīm pl. ‫ ﻓﻄﻢ‬fuṭum weaned
‫ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻲ‬fāṭimī Fatimid (adj. and n.); ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﻴﻮن‬the Fatimids
‫ ﻓﻄـﻦ‬faṭina a, faṭana u and faṭuna u (‫ ﻓﻄﻨـﺔ‬fiṭna) to be or become clever,
smart, discerning, sagacious, perspicacious, bright, intelligent; to notice,
realize, comprehend, understand (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to be or become aware
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬of); to think (‫ اﱃ‬of s.th.) II to make intelligent (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) realize or understand (‫اﱃ‬ ,‫ ل‬,‫ ب‬s.th.), explain (‫ اﱃ ه‬,‫ ل‬,‫ ب‬to
s.o. s.th.); to remind(‫ اﱃ ه‬,‫ ب‬s.o. of) V to comprehend, understand (‫ ل‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻄﻦ‬faṭin clever, smart, astute, sagacious, perspicacious, bright, intelligent
‫ ﻓﻄﻨـﺔ‬fiṭna pl. fitan cleverness, astuteness, sagacity, perspicacity, acumen,
intelligence
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻄﻦ‬faṭin pl. ‫ ﻓﻄﻨﺎء‬fuṭanā’2 clever, smart, bright, intelligent
‫ ﻓﻄﺎﻧﺔ‬faṭāna cleverness, smartness
‫ ﺗﻔﻄﻦ‬tafaṭṭun intelligence; intellection
‫ ﻓﻆ‬faẓẓ pl. ‫ اﻓﻈـﺎظ‬afẓāẓ crude, rude, coarse, blunt, gruff, impolite, uncivil,
uncouth, boorish, uneducated; -- walrus
‫ ﻓﻈﺎﻇــﺔ‬faẓāẓa crudeness, rudeness, coarseness, bluntness, gruffness,
impoliteness, uncouthness, boorishness
‫ ﻓﻈـﻊ‬faẓa‘a u (‫ ﻓﻈﺎﻋـﺔ‬faẓā‘a) to be or become abominable, detectable,
hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting, shooking, odious, heinous, atrocious,
horrid, horrible X to find (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) abominable. detestable, etc. (see I); to call
abominable, revolting, shocking (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻈـﻊ‬fazi‘ abominable, detectable, hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting,
shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious, horrid, horrible
‫ ﻓﻈﻴـﻊ‬faẓī‘ abominable, detestable, hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting,
‫ ﻓﻈﺎﻋـﺔ‬faẓā‘a pl. ‫ ﻓﻈـﺎﺋﻊ‬faẓā’i‘2, abominableness, hideousness, ugliness,
repulsiveness, odiousness, heinousness, atrocity, horridness, horror; pl.
atrocities
1171
‫ ﻣﻔﻈـﻊ‬mufẓi‘ abominable, detestable, hideous, ugly, repulsive, disusting,

‫ ﻓﻌـﻞ‬fa‘ala a (fa‘l, fi‘l) to do (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to act; to perform, some activity; to
have an influence or effect (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬on), affect (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to do (‫ب‬
to s.o., s.th.; ‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﰲ‬s.th. with) | ‫( ﻓﻌـﻞ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻓﻌـﻼ ﻛﺮﻳﻬـﺎ‬fi‘lan) to have an unpleasant
effect on s.o. II to scan (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a verse) VI to interact, interplay; (chem.) to enter
into combination, form a compound; to combine (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with) VII to be done; to
be or become influenced or affected (‫ ل‬by), be under the influence of s.o. or
s.th. (‫ ;)ل‬to b. agitated, excited, upset VIII to concoct, invent, fabricate ( ‫ﻛﺬ‬
‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ (kidban kidban a lie against); to falsify, forge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a
handwriting); to invent (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻌـﻞ‬fi‘l activity, doing, work, action, performance; function; -- (pl. ‫اﻓﻌـﺎل‬
af‘āl, ‫ﻓﻌـﺎل‬ fi‘āl) deed, act, action; effect, impact; -- (pl. ‫اﻓﻌـﺎل‬ af‘āl) verb
(gram.); pl. ‫ اﻓﺎﻋﻴـﻞ‬afā‘īl2 great deeds, exploits, feats; machinations | ‫ﻓﻌـﻼ‬
Confidential
fi‘lan or ‫ ﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬indeed, in effect, actually, really, practically; ‫ ﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬out of,
because of, due to
‫ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ‬fi‘lī actual, factual, real; effective, efficacious, efficient; practical; de
facto; verbal (gram.)
‫ ﻓﻌﻠﺔ‬fa‘a pl. -āt deed, act, action
‫ ﻓﻌﺎل‬fa‘‘āl effective, efficacious, efficient
‫ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬fa‘‘ālīya effectiveness, efficacy, efficiency; activity
‫ اﻓﻌﻞ‬af‘al2 more effective, more efficacious
‫ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ‬taf‘īl pl. ‫ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻴﻞ‬tafā‘īl2 foot of a verse; (poet.) meter
‫ ﺗﻔﺎﻋــﻞ‬tafā‘ul pl. -āt interaction, interplay; formation of a chemical
compound, chemical process. chemical reaction
‫ اﻧﻔﻌﺎل‬infi‘āl (state of) being affected, acted upon, or influenced, passivity;
stimulation. irritation (biol.); (pl. -āt) agitation. excitement, excitation,
commotion
‫ اﻧﻔﻌـﺎﱄ‬infi‘ālī excitable, irritable, susceptible (biol.); caused by affect,
affective (philos.)
‫ اﻧﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬infi‘ālīya excitability, irritability (biol.)
1172
‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬fā‘il efective; efficacious, efficient; (pl. -ūn) doer, actor, perpetrator;

(pl. ‫ ﻓﻌﻠﺔ‬fa‘ala) worker, workman, laborer; -- active subject of a verbal clause
(gram.) | ‫اﺳـﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬ ism al-f. nomen agentis, active participle (gram.); ‫ذو‬
‫ رادﻳﻮم ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬radioactive
‫ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬fā‘ilīya effectiveness, efficacy; activity
‫ ﻣﻔﻌـﻮل‬maf‘ūl object (gram.); ‫ ﻣﻔﻌـﻮل ﺑـﻪ‬do.; -- (pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻴـﻞ‬mafā‘īl2) effect,
impression, impact; effectiveness, validity | ‫ اﺳـﻢ اﳌﻔﻌـﻮل‬ism al-m. nomen
patientis, passive participle (gram.); ‫ ﺳـﺮى ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟـﻪ‬sarā maf‘ūluhū to be or
become effective, be valid (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); ‫ ﺳـﺎري اﳌﻔﻌـﻮل‬sārī l-m. valid (e.g., an
identity card); ‫( ﻣﻔﻌﻮل رﺟﻌﻲ‬raj‘ī) retroactive force, retroactivity
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ‬munfa‘il excited, agitated, upset; irritable
‫ ﻣﻔﺘﻌﻞ‬mufta‘al artificial, fabricated, forged, falsified, false, spurious
‫ ﻓﻌﻢ‬IV to cram, jam, pack, fill to overflowing, fill up (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with)
‫ ﻣﻔﻌــﻢ‬muf‘am brimful, chock-full, filled to capacity or overflowing,
Confidential
replete, overfull, filled entirely, crammed, jampacked (‫ ب‬with)
‫ اﻓﻌﻰ‬af‘an f., pl. ‫ اﻓﺎع‬afā‘in adder, viper, asp

‫ اﻓﻌﻮان‬uf‘uwān adder, viper, asp
‫ ﻓﻐـﺮة‬fugra a u (fagr) to open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the mouth) wide, gape VII to open wide,
be agape (mouth)
‫ ﻓﻐﺮة‬fugra pl. ‫ ﻓﻐﺮ‬fugar mouth of a valley
‫ ﻓﻐﻔﻮري‬fagfūrī fine porcelain
‫ ﻓﺎﻏﻴﺔ‬fāgiya henna blossom
‫ ﻓﻘـﺄ‬faqa’a a (‫ ﻓـﻖء‬faq’) to knock out, gouge out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an eye); to lance, open
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬an abscess, and the like) | ‫ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬ ‫‘( ﻓﻘـﺄ‬ainahū) to deal s.o. (an opponent, an
enemy) a heavy blow, ruin s.o. V to burst, explode, pop
‫ ﻓﻘﺤﺔ‬faqḥa pl. ‫ ﻓﻘﺎح‬fiqāḥ anus, anal orifice
‫ ﻓﻘﺪ‬faqada i (faqd, ‫ ﻓﻘﺪان‬fiqdān, fuqdān) to fail to find (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
lose (‫ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to have lost, miss (‫ﻫ ـ‬, s.o., s.th.); not to have (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
be bereaved (‫ ه‬of s.o.), be deprived, bereft, destitute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to mislay,
1173
have mislaid (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to miss (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an opportunity, and the like) | ‫ﻓﻘـﺪ ﺻـﻮاﺑﻪ‬
(ṣawābahū) to go out of one’s mind IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to lose or miss or
forfeit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bereave, deprive, dispossess, rob (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. of s.th.) V to
seek (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look, search (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.); to examine, study, survey, inspect,
check, investigate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to visit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), review, inspect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬troops, and
the like) VIII = V; to miss (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) X to miss (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻘﺪ‬faqd loss; bereavement
‫ ﻓﻘﻴـﺪ‬faqīd lost, missing; dead, deceased; deceased person | ‫ ﻓﻘﻴـﺪ اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬f. al-
‘ilm one whose death is deplored by science; ‫اﻟﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﺪ‬the deceased
‫ ﻓﻘـﺪ‬fiqdān, fuqdān loss; bereavement | ‫ ﻓﻘـﺪان اﻟﺼـﻮاب‬f. aṣ-ṣawāb folly,
madness; ‫اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬ ‫ ﻓﻘﺪان‬loss of memory, amnesia
‫ ﺗﻔﻘــﺪ‬tafaqqud pl. -āt examination, study, survey, inspection, check,
investigation; review, inspection (e.g., of troops); visit
‫ اﻓﺘﻘـﺎد‬iftiqā examination, study, survey, inspection, check, investigation;
Confidential
review, inspection (e.g., of troops); visit
‫ ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ‬fāqid devoid, destitute, bereft, deprived (of s.th.; with foll. genitive),
bereaved (of s.o.; with foll. genitive); -less, un-, in-; loser |
unconscious; insensible, senseless;
‫ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ اﻟﺸـﻌﻮر‬
‫ ﻓﺎﻗ ـ ــﺪ اﻟﻀ ـ ــﻤﲑ‬unconscionable,
unscrupulous, unhesitating; ‫ ﻓﺎﻗ ــﺪو اﻟﺘﻬــﺬﻳﺐ‬people without education,
unmannered people
‫ ﻣﻔﻘﻮد‬mafqūd lost, missing, nonexistent, absent, lacking, wanting; missing
person
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﺪ‬mutafaqqid controller, inspector
‫ ﻓﻘـﺮ‬faqara u i (faqr) to pierce, bore, perforate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- faqura u (‫ﻓﻘـﺎرة‬
faqāra) to be or become poor, needy II to pierce, bore, perforate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV
to make poor, impoverish (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), reduce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to poverty; to put
(‫ ه‬s.o.) in need (‫ اﱃ‬of s.th.) VIII to become poor; to need (‫ اﱃ‬s.o., s.th.),
lack, require (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), be in need, be in want (‫ اﱃ‬of s.o., of s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻘﺮ‬faqr poverty; need, lack, want
1174
‫ ﻓﻘﺮة‬fiqra pl. fiqrāt, fiqarāt, ‫ ﻓﻘﺮ‬fiqar vertebra; section, paragraph, passage,

article
‫ ﻓﻘـﺮي‬fiqrā spinal, vertebral | ‫( اﻟﺴﻠﺴـﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﺮﻳـﺔ‬silsila) or ‫‘( اﻟﻌﻤـﻮد اﻟﻔﻘـﺮي‬amūd)
spine, vertebral column; ‫ﻓﻘﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﺣﻴﻮا ت‬ḥayawānāt) vertebrates
‫ ﻓﻘﺎر‬faqār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬vertebra; faqār spine, vertebral column
‫ ﻓﻘﲑ‬faqīr spinal, vertebral | ‫( اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﺎرﻳﺔ‬silsila) spine, vertebral column
‫ ﻓﻘـﲑ‬faqīr pl. ‫ ﻓﻘـﺮاء‬fuqarā’2 poor, poverty-stricken; poor man, pauper;
mendicant dervish, Sufi mendicant
‫ اﻓﺘﻘﺎر‬iftiqār need, requirement, want, lack (‫ اﱃ‬of)
‫ ﻓﻘﻮس‬faqqūs a kind of large cucumber (= ‫)ﻓﻘﻮص‬
‫ ﻣﻔﻘﺲ‬mifqas pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﻗﺲ‬mafāqis2 incubator
‫ ﻓﻘﺶ‬faqaāa i (faqš) to break, crush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻘﺶ‬faqš: ‫( ﻟﻮز ﻓﻘﺶ‬lauz) thin-shelled almonds
‫ ﻓﻘﺺ‬II to hatch, incubate (‫ ﻫـ‬an egg; of a bird)
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻘﻮص‬faqūṣ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a kind of large cucumber
‫ ﺗﻔﻘـﻴﺺ‬tafqīṣ hatching, incubation | ‫( آﻟـﺔ ﻟﺘﻔﻘـﻴﺺ اﻟﺒـﻴﺾ‬t. il-baiḍ) or ‫آﻟـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻔﻘﻴﺺ‬incubator
‫ ﻓﻘـﻂ‬II: ‫ ﻓﻘـﻂ اﳊﺴـﺎب‬faqqaṭa l-ḥisāba to write the word ‫ ﻓﻘـﻂ‬faqaṭ “only”
after the total on an invoice so as to prevent fraudulent additions; to spell
out the figures of an invoice
‫ ﻓﻘﻂ‬faqaṭ only, no more (postpositive); altogether, total (after figures)
‫ ﻓﻘﻊ‬faqa‘a a to burst, pop, explode II to crack, snap, pop VII = faqa‘a
‫ ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺔ‬fuqqā‘a pl. ‫ ﻓﻘﺎﻗﻴﻊ‬faqāqī‘2 bubble
‫ ﻓﺎﻗﻊ‬fāqi‘ bright yellow; bright, intense, brilliant, vivid (color)
‫ ﻓﺎﻗﻌﺔ‬fāqi‘a pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﻗﻊ‬fawāqi‘2 blister, vesicle; pustule
‫ ﻓﻘـﻢ‬faqima a (faqam, faqm, ‫ ﻓﻘـﻮم‬fuqūm), faquma u (‫ ﻓﻘﺎﻣـﺔ‬faqāma) and VI
to be or become grave, serious, critical, dangerous, increase dangerously,
become aggravated, reach alarming proportions, come to a head
‫ ﻓﻘﻢ‬fuqqam, fuqm (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬seal (zool.)
‫ ﺗﻔﺎﻗﻢ‬tafāqum aggravation, increasing gravity
‫ ﻓﻘﻨﺲ‬faqnas phoenix
1175
‫ ﻓﻘـﻪ‬faqiha a (fiqh) to understand, comprehend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- faqiha a (fiqh)

and faquha u (‫ ﻓﻘﺎﻫـﺔ‬faqāha) to have knowledge, esp., have legal knowledge
II to teach (‫ ه‬s.o.), instruct (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.o. in) IV to teach (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. s.th.), instruct
(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. in s.th.) V to understand, comprehend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to study the fiqh
(q.v.); to apply o.s. to the acquisition of knowledge (‫ ﰲ‬in), study (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.),
devote one’s studies to (‫)ﰲ‬, work at or on s.th. (‫ ;)ﰲ‬to gain information, get
a clear picture, obtain a clear idea
‫ ﻓﻘـﻪ‬fiqh understanding, comprehension; knowledge; ‫ اﻟﻔﻘـﻪ‬jurisprudence in
Islam, fiqh | ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ ﻓﻘﻪ‬f. al-luga (indigenous, Arabic) philology
‫ ﻓﻘﻬﻲ‬fiqhī juristic(al); relating to jurisprudence in Islam
‫ ﻓﻘﻴﻪ‬faqīh pl. ‫ ﻓﻘﻬﺎء‬fuqahā’2 legist, jurisprudent (and theologian), expert of
fiqh (q.v.); -- (popular usage; eg., pronounced fiqī) reciter of the Koran;
elementary school teacher
‫ ﻓﻚ‬fakka (1st pers. perf. fakaktu) u (fakk) to separate, disjoin, disconnect,
sever, sunder (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to break (open) (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a seal); to open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
Confidential
e.g., the hand); to dislocate, disjoint (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a bone); to take apart,
disassemble, dismount, take to pieces, disintegrate, break up, decompose,
dismember, fragmentize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to dismantle, tear down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
untie. unbind, unfasten, undo (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to detach, disengage, take off (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
s.th. from); to unbutton (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to unscrew (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to lift, raise (‫ اﳊﺠـﺰ‬al-
ḥajza the confiscation, ‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.); to solve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., a problem); (eg.) to
change (‫ ﻫ ـ‬money); -- fakka (1st pers. perf. fakaktu) u (fakk, ‫ ﻓﻜـﺎﻛﺰ‬fikāk,

fakāk) to ransom, redeem, buy off, liberate, emancipate, release, set free (‫ه‬
s.o.); -- fakkka u (fakk, ‫ ﻓﻜـﻮك‬fukūk) to redeem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a pledge) II to
loosen, unfasten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take to pieces, take apart, disassemble,
dismount (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to disrupt, shatter, fragmentize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be taken
apart, be disassembled, be dismounted; to be disrupted, be shattered, be
fragmentized; to break apart (e.g., a ship); to split, fissure, fission, break up,
dissolve, disintegrate, come apart VII to be separated, be disjoined, be
disconnected, be loosened, be unfastened, be undone, be untied, be
unbound, be unbuttoned, be unscrewed; to separate o.s., detach o.s.
disengage o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), rid o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of) | ‫ﱂ ﻳﻨﻔـﻚ‬ (with foll. imperf. or
1176
predicative aco.) not to atop doing, keep doing VIII to redeem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g.,
a pledge); to dissolve, break up, separate, disintegrate, destroy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
snatch away (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th. from s.o.)
‫ ﻓـﻚ‬fakk redemption (of a pledge); (pl. ‫ ﻓﻜـﻮك‬fukūk) jawbone, jaw | ‫اﻟﻔـﻚ‬
‫ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬the lower jaw, mandible; ‫( اﻟﻔﻚ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬a‘lā) the upper jaw, maxilla
‫ ﻓﻜﺔ‬fakka small change, coins
‫ ﻓﻜـﺎك‬fikāk, fakāk disengagement; redemption, liberation, emancipation,
release; ransom
‫ ﻣﻔﻚ‬mifakk pl. -āt screw driver
‫ ﺗﻔﻜﻴـﻚ‬tafkīk fragmentation, dismemberment, decomposition | O ‫ﺗﻔﻜﻴـﻚ‬
‫ اﻟﺬرة‬t. ad-darra nuclear fission
‫ ﺗﻔﻜـﻚ‬tafakkuk fragmentation, breakup, dissolution, disruption, rupture,
disunion, split; disintegration, decomposition
‫ اﻧﻔﻜﺎك‬infikāk disengagement
‫ اﻓﺘﻜﺎك‬iftikāk redemption (of a pledge)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻔﻜﻮك‬mafkūk loose
‫ ﻣﻔﻜﻚ‬mufakkak disconnected, disjointed, incoherent (words, phrases)
‫ ﻓﻜﺮ‬fakara u i (fakr) to reflect, meditate, cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate
(‫ ﰲ‬on), revolve in one’s mind, think over, contemplate, consider (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to
think (‫ ﰲ‬of, also ‫ )ب‬II = I; to remind (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. of) IV = I; V to reflect,
meditate, cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate (‫ ﰲ‬on), revolve in one’s mind,
think, over, contemplate, consider (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to think (‫ ﰲ‬of) VIII = V; to
remember, recall, recollect (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻜــﺮ‬fikr pl. ‫ اﻓﻜــﺎر‬afkār thinking, cogitation, reflection, meditation,
speculation, contemplation, consideration; thought, ideas, notion, concept;
opinion, view | ‫اﻟﻔﻜـﺮ‬ ‫ ﺷـﺎرد‬absent-minded, distracted; ‫ ﻣﺸـﻮش اﻟﻔﻜـﺮ‬mušawwaš
al-f. confused, bewildered, perplexed, dismayed, embarrassed
‫ ﻓﻜـﺮة‬fikra pl. ‫ ﻓﻜـﺮ‬fikar thought, idea, notion, concept; qualm, scruple,
demur, hesitation | ‫ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟﻔﻜـﺮة‬ (father to the thought =) the originator,
author; ‫ﻓﻜـﺮة‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ‬eg.) incidentally …, by the way ..., speaking of ..., apropos
(of) ...
1177
‫ ﻓﻜﺮى‬fikrī ideational, ideative, speculative, mental; intellectual

‫ ﻓﻜﲑ‬fakīr pensive, meditative, cogitative, thoughtful
‫ ﺗﻔﻜــﲑ‬tafkīr thinking, cogitation, meditation, reflection; speculation,
contemplation, consideration; thought
‫ ﺗﻔﻜـﺮ‬tafakkur thinking, cogitation, meditation, reflection; speculation,
contemplation, consideration
‫ ﻣﻔﻜــﺮ‬mufakkir thinking, reflecting, meditating, pondering, musing;
pensive, meditative, cogitative; thinker
‫ ﻣﻔﻜﺮة‬mufakkira notebook | ‫( ﻣﻔﻜﺮة ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬yaumīya) diary, journal
‫ ﻣﻔﻜﺮات‬mufakarāt thoughts, considerations
‫ ﻓﻜﺶ‬fakaša u to sprain VII to be sprained
‫ ﻓﻜـﻪ‬fakiha a (fakah, ‫ ﻓﻜﺎﻫـﺔ‬fakāha) to be or become gay, merry, cheerful,
sportive, jocular, humorous II to amuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) with jokes III to joke, jest,
make fun (‫ ه‬with), banter (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to amuse o.s., have fun (‫ ب‬with), be
amused (‫ ب‬by); to joke, make fun
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻜﻪ‬fakih gay, merry, gleeful, jolly, cheerful, sportive, fun-loving, jocular,
humorous; amusing (thing)
‫ ﻓﻜﺎﻫﺔ‬fukāha joking, jesting, fun-making; humor
‫ ﻓﻜﺎﻫﻲ‬fukāhī humorous, humoristic; humorist
‫ اﻓﻜﻮﻫﺔ‬ufkūha joking, jesting, fun-making; humor; pl. ‫ اﻓﺎﻛﻴـﻪ‬afākīh2 jokes,
jests, pranks, antics
‫ ﺗﻔﻜﻬﺔ‬tafkiha amusement, exhilaration, delectation
‫ ﻣﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ‬mufākaha bantering talk, joking, kidding
‫ ﺗﻔﻜـﻪ‬tafakkuh delight, enjoyment, amusement, diversion; humorous talk,
joking, banter
‫ ﻓﺎﻛﻪ‬fākih gay, merry, gleeful, jolly, funny; humorous
‫ ﻓﺎﻛﻪ‬fākiha (coll.) pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﻛﻪ‬fawākih2 fruit(s)
‫ ﻓﺎﻛﻬﺎﱐ‬fākihānī fruit seller, fruit dealer
2‫ ﻓـﻞ‬falla u (fall) to dent, notch, blunt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a sword); to break (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); -- falla to flee, run away | ‫ﻏﺮﺑﻪ‬

‫( ﻓﻞ‬garbahū), ‫( ﻓﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺗﻪ‬ḥiddatihī) and
‫ﻓـﻞ ﺣﺪﻳـﺪﻩ‬ to weaken s.o.; to dampen, subdue s.o.; ‫( ﻓـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﺷـﺒﺎﻩ‬šabāhu) to
weaken s.o. II to dent, notch, blunt (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., a sword)
1178
‫ ﻓـﻞ‬fall pl. ‫ ﻓﻠـﻮل‬fulūl dent, notch, jag; -- fall (for sg. and pl.) pl. ‫ ﻓﻠـﻮل‬fulūl,
‫ اﻓﻼل‬aflāl, ‫ ﻓﻼل‬fullāl defeated, vanquished; scattered remnants of an army
‫ ﻣﻔﻠﻮل‬maflūl dented, jagged, notched, blunt
2‫ ﻓﻞ‬fill, full (eg.) Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.; bot.)
3‫ ﻓﻞ‬fall, fill cork
4‫ ﻓﻠﺔ‬villa pl. -āt villa, country house
‫ ﻓﻼﻣﻨﻜﻰ‬see ‫ﻓﻠﻤﻨﻜﻲ‬
‫ ﻓﻠـﺖ‬falata i (falt) to escape (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.; from), slip away, get away (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from s.o., from s.th.); to he freed, he set free, be released, be liberated, he set
at liberty; to let (‫ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) escape or slip away or get away, let loose,
free, release, liberate, set free, set at liberty (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) IV = I; V to
escape (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.o., s.th.; from), slip away, get away (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from s.o., from s.th.); to
free o.s., extricate o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to be freed, be set free, be released, be
liberated, be set at liberty VII to escape (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.; from), slip away, get
Confidential
away (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from s.o., from s.th.); to free o.s., extricate o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to he
finished (‫ ﻣﻦ‬with); to be freed, he set free, he released, he liberated, he set at
liberty
‫ ﻓﻠﺖ‬falat escape
‫ ﻓﻠﺘـﺔ‬falta pl. falatāt unexpected event, unexpected, turn; extravagance;
slip, oversight, error. lapse; faltatan suddenly, unexpectedly
‫ ﻓﻼﰐ‬falātī pl. ‫ ﻓﻼﺗﻴﺔ‬falātīya (eg.) licentious, wanton, dissolute, debauched;
debauchee, libertine, roué, rake; good-for-nothing, ne’er-do-well
‫ اﻓﻼت‬aflāt escape
‫ اﻧﻔﻼت‬infilāt escape
‫ ﻓﺎﻟـﺖ‬fālit escaped, free, at liberty, at large; escapee; (pl. ‫ ﻓﻠﺘـﺎء‬fu1atā’2)
licentious, wanton, dissolute, debauched; debauchee, libertine, roué, rake;
good-for-nothing, ne’er-do-well
1 ‫ﻓﻠــﺞ‬ falaja u i (falj) to split, cleave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); pass. fulija to be
semiparalyzed II to split, cleave (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VII to be semiparalyzed
‫ ﻓﻠﺞ‬falj pl. ‫ ﻓﻠﻮج‬fulūj crack, split, crevice, fissure, cleft, rift
‫ ﻓﺎﰿ‬fālij semiparalysis, hemiplegia
1179
‫ ﻣﻔﻠﻮج‬maflūj semiparalyzed, hemiplegic

2‫ ﻓﻴﻠﺞ‬pl. ‫ ﻓﻴﺎﰿ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﻠﺠﺎن‬filjān = ‫ ﻓﻨﺠﺎن‬finjān
‫ ﻓﻠـﺢ‬falaḥa a (falḥ) to split, cleave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to plow, till, cultivate (‫اﻷرض‬
al-arḍa the land) | ‫( ان اﳊﺪﻳـﺪ ﳊﺪﻳـﺪ ﻳﻔﻠـﺢ‬yuflaḥu) lit.: iron is cleft with iron,
i.e., approx.: rudeness must be met with rudeness IV and X to thrive,
prosper, become happy; to have luck or success, be lucky, be successful ‫ﰲ‬
in, with)
‫ ﻓﻼح‬falāḥ thriving, prosperity; salvation; welfare; success
‫ ﻓﻼﺣﺔ‬filāḥa cultivation, tillage; agriculture, farming, husbandry
‫ ﻓـﻼح‬fallāḥ pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻓﻼﺣـﺔ‬fallāḥa tiller of the soil, husbandman; peasant,
farmer, fellah
‫ ﻓﻼﺣﺔ‬fallāḥa pl. -āt peasant woman; peasant girl
‫ ﻓﻼﺣــﻲ‬fallāḥī peasant’s, farmer’s, farming, country, rural, rustic,
agricultural
‫ ﻓﺎﱀ‬fāliḥ lucky, fortunate, successful
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻔﻠـﺢ‬mufliḥ lucky, fortunate, successful; one who prospers, one who is
well off
1‫ ﻓﻠـﺬة‬filda pl. filadāt,‫ ﻓﻠـﺬ‬filad, ‫ اﻓـﻼذ‬aflād a piece (of meat) | ‫ ﻓﻠـﺬة ﻛﺒـﺬﻩ‬f.
kabidihī his own blood, his own child; ‫ اﻓـﻼذ اﻷرض‬a. al-ard the hidden
treasures of the earth
2‫ ﻓﻮﻻذ‬and ‫ ﻓﻮﻻذي‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﻠﻮر‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﻠﺰ‬filizz, filazz pl. -āt (nonprecious) metal
‫ ﻓﻠـﺲ‬II to declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) bankrupt or insolvent IV to be or become
bankrupt or insolvent, to fail; to be ruined
‫ ﻓﻠﺲ‬fals (colloq. pronounced fils) pl. ‫ ﻓﻠـﻮس‬fulūs fels, a small coin, in Iraq
and Jordan = 1/1000 of a dinar; pl. ‫( ﻓﻠﻮس‬eg.) money; scales (of a fish)
‫ ﺗﻔﻠـﻴﺲ‬taflīs (n. vic. ‫ )ة‬declaration of bankruptcy; (pl. ‫ ﺗﻔـﺎﻟﻴﺲ‬tafālīs2)
bankruptcy, insolvency, failure | ‫اﻟﺘﻔﻠﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺄﻣﻮر‬receiver (in bankruptcy; Eg.)
‫ اﻓﻼس‬iflās bankruptcy, insolvency, failure
‫ ﻣﻔﻠﺲ‬muflis pl. ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﻟﻴﺲ‬mafālīs2 bankrupt, insolvent
1180
‫ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‬filāsṭīn2 Palestine
‫ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﲏ‬filasṭīnī Palestinian; (pl. -ūn) a Palestinian
‫ ﻓﻠﺴــﻒ‬falsafa to philosophize II tafalsafa do.; to pretend to be a
philosopher
‫ ﻓﻠﺴﻒ‬falsafa philosophy
‫ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬fallafī philosophic(al)
‫ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮف‬failasūf pl. ‫ ﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬falāsifa philosopher
‫ ﻣﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬mufalsif pl. -ūn philosopher
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﻠﺴﻒ‬mutafalsif philosophaster, philosophist
‫ ﭬﻟﻂ‬volṭ pl. ‫ اﭬﻻط‬avlāṭ volt (el.)
‫ ﻓﻠﻄﺢ‬falṭaḥa to make broad, broaden, flatten(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻠﻄﺎح‬filtāḥ broad, flattened, flat
‫ ﻣﻔﻠﻄﺢ‬mufalṭiḥ broad, flattened, flat
‫ ﻓﻠﻊ‬fala‘a a (fal‘) to split, cleave, rend, tear asunder (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II do.
‫ ﻓﻠﻊ‬fal‘, fil‘ pl. ‫ ﻓﻠﻮع‬fulū‘ crack, split, crevice, fissure, cleft, rift
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻠﻔﻞ‬falfala to pepper (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻠﻔﻞ‬fulful, filfil (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pepper; n. un. ‫ ﻓﻠﻔﻠﺔ‬peppercorn | ‫ﻓﻠﻔﻞ اﺣﻀﺮ‬
(ahḍar) green peppers; ‫دارﻓﻠﻔـﻞ‬ dārafilfil (eg.) a variety of pepper (Piper
Chaba Hout.; bot.)
‫ ﻓﻠﻔﻠﻲ‬fulfulī, filfilī pepperlike, peppery, pepperish
‫ ﻣﻔﻠﻔﻞ‬mufalfal peppered
‫ ﻓﻠـﻖ‬falaqa i (falq) to split, cleave, rive, sunder, tear asunder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬dawn) to break, dispel the shadows of night (of God) II to split,
cleave, rive, sunder, tear asunder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be split, be cleft, be torn
apart; to split, cleave, crack, fissure, be or become cracked, be full of cracks
or fissures VII = V; to burst; to break (dawn); (eg.) infaliq go hang yourself!
go to hell!
‫ ﻓﻠﻖ‬falq pl. ‫ ﻓﻠﻮق‬faq crack, split, crevice, fissure, cleft, rift
‫ ﻓﻠﻖ‬falaq daybreak, dawn
‫ ﻓﻠﻘﺔ‬filqa pl. ‫ ﻓﻠﻖ‬filaq one half (of a split thing)
1181
‫ ﻓﻠﻘـﺔ‬falaqa a device for holding the legs of the delinquent during the
bastinado
‫ ﻓﻼق‬fallāq pl. ‫ ة‬bandit, highwayman, highway robber
‫ ﻓﻠﻴﻖ‬failaq pl. ‫ ﻓﻴﺎﻟﻖ‬fayāliq2 a large military unit; army corps; corps
1‫ ﻓﻠﻚ‬II to have round breasts (girl); (syr.) to predict the future, prophecy
‫ ﻓﻠﻚ‬falak pl. ‫ اﻓـﻼك‬aflāk celestial sphere; celestial body, star; circuit, orbit
(of celestial bodies) | ‫اﻟﻔﻠﻚ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ‬ilm al-f. astronomy; astrology
‫ ﻓﻠﻚ‬fulk (m. and f.) ship, (also coll.) ships; (Noah’s) Ark
‫ ﻓﻠﻜــﻲ‬falakī astronomic(al); astrologic(al) (pl. -un, ‫ ﻓﻠﻜﻴــﺔ‬falakīya)
astronomer, astrologer | ‫اﻟﻔﻠﻚ‬ ‫ ﻋﺎﱂ‬do.
‫ ﻣﻔﻠﻮك‬maflūk ill-starred, unlucky, unfortunate
‫ ﻣﻔﻠﻚ‬mufallik girl with round breasts
2 ‫ ﻓﻠﻮﻛﺔ‬falūka pl. ‫ ﻓﻼﺋﻚ‬falā’ik2 sloop, felucca; boat
‫ ﻓﻼﺋﻜﻲ‬falā’ikī (‫ )ﻓﻼﻳﻜﻲ‬boatman
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻠﻜﻦ‬falkana to vulcanize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻠﻢ‬film pl. ‫ اﻓﻼم‬aflām film; motion picture | ‫( ﻓﻠﻢ ﳎﺴﻢ‬mujassam) 3 D film;
‫( ﻓﻠﻢ ﻣﻠﻮن‬mulawwan) color film; ‫ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻃﻖ‬sound film
‫ ﻓﻠﻤﻨﺪي‬falamandī Flemish; Fleming
‫ ﻓﻠﻤﻨﻜﻲ‬falamankī Dutch, Hollandish, Netherlander
1 ‫ ﻓـﻼن‬fulān, f. ‫ ﻓﻼﻧـﺔ‬fulāna2 (substituting for an unnamed or unspecified
person or thing) so-and-so
‫ ﻓـﻼﱐ‬fulānī adjective of the above | ‫ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻔﻼﻧﻴـﺔ‬at such and such an
hour
2 ‫ ﻓﻠﲔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﻠﻨﺪرة‬falandra Flanders
‫ ﻓﻠﻨﻜﺔ‬falanka pl. -āt (railroad) tie, sleeper (eg.)
‫ ﻓﻠﻮ‬filw pl. ‫ اﻓﻼء‬aflā’; ‫ ﻓﻠﻮ‬faluw, fuluw pl. ‫ اﻓﻼء‬aflā, ‫ ﻓﻼوى‬falāwā colt, foal
‫ ﻓـﻼ‬falan (coll.; n. un. ‫ ﻓـﻼة‬falāh) pl. ‫ ﻓﻠـﻮات‬falawāt, ‫ اﻓـﻼء‬aflā’ waterless
desert; open country; open space
‫ اﳌﻔﺎﱄ‬al-mafālī the pastures, the grazing grounds
1182
‫ ﻓﻠﻮر‬filūr fluorine (chem.)

O ‫ ﻣﻔﻠﻮر‬mufalwir fluorescent
1‫ ﻓﻠــﻰ‬falā i (faly) to delouse, search for lice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to examine,
scrutinize, investigate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to delouse, search for lice, rid of lice (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) V to louse o.s.
‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬fāliya spotted dung beetle; touchhole (of old-time firearms)
2‫ ﻓﻠﻴﺎ‬fulayyā = ‫( ﻓﻠﻴﺔ‬see below)
‫ اﻟﻔﻠﻴﺒﲔ‬al-filībīn the Philippine Islands

‫ ﻓﻠﲔ‬fallīn and ‫ ﻓﻠﻴﻨﺔ‬fallīna cork
‫ ﻓﻠﻴﻪ‬, ‫ ﻓﻠﻴﺔ‬fulayya (eg.) pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.; bot.)
‫ ﻓﻠﻴﻮن‬falyūn godchild (Chr.)
‫ ﻓـﻢ‬fam (construct state also ‫ ﻓـﻮ‬fū) pl. ‫ اﻓـﻮاﻩ‬afwāh; (eg.) fumm pl. ‫اﻓﻤـﺎم‬
afmām mouth; muzzle; orifice, aperture, hole, vent; mouth, embouchure (of
a river), head (of a canal, etc.); mouthpiece (esp., of a cigarette, of a pipe,
etc.); cigarette holder | ‫اﳊـﻮت‬
‫ ﻓـﻢ‬fam al-ḥūt star α in the constellation Piecis
Confidential
Australis, Fomalhaut; ‫ آﻻت اﻟﻔﻢ‬wind instruments
‫ ﻓـﻦ‬II to diversify, vary, variegate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), bring variety or diversity (‫ﻫ ـ‬

into s.th.); to mix, mingle, jumble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be or become manifold,
multifarious, varied, variegated, diverse, many-sided, versatile; to use
different kinds; to be a specialist, an expert, a master (‫ ﰲ‬in a field), master
(‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) VIII = V
‫ ﻓـﻦ‬fann pl. ‫ ﻓﻨـﻮن‬funūn, ‫ اﻓﻨـﺎن‬afnān, ‫ اﻓـﺎﻧﲔ‬afānīn2 kind, specimen, variety;

pl. ‫اﻓـﺎﻧﲔ‬ Various sides (of s.th.), diversity | ‫اﻓـﺎﻧﲔ ﻣـﻦ‬ all kinds of, sundry,
various; ‫( اﳉﻨـﻮن ﻓﻨـﻮن‬junūn) insanity has many varieties, manifests itself in
many ways; -- (pl. ‫ ﻓﻨـﻮن‬funūn) scientific discipline, field of work, special

field, specialty; art | ‫( اﻟﻔـﻦ اﳊـﺮﰊ‬ḥarbī) art of war, strategy; ‫ اﻟﻔﻨـﻮن اﳉﻤﻴﻠـﺔ‬or
‫ اﻟﻔﻨـﻮن اﻟﺮﻓﻴﻌـﺔ‬or O ‫( اﻟﻔﻨـﻮن اﳌﺴـﺘﻈﺮﻓﺔ‬mustaẓrafa) the fine arts; ‫ ﻓـﻦ اﳌﻜﺘﺒـﺎت‬f. al-
maktabāt library science; ‫( اﻟﻔــﻦ اﻟﺼــﺤﻔﻲ‬ṣuḥfī) science of journalism;
journalism
‫ ﻓــﲏ‬fannī specialist(ic); expert, professional; technical; artistic(al);
tactical, strategic(al); technician; artist
1183
‫ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬fannīya artistry
‫ ﻓﻨﻦ‬fanan pl. ‫ اﻓﻨﺎن‬afnān branch, twig (of a tree), of a shrub)
‫ ﻓﻨـﺎن‬fannān pl. -ūn artist | O ‫ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﻓﻨـﺎن‬pl. ‫‘( ﻋﻤـﺎل ﻓﻨـﺎﻧﻮن‬ummàl) artistic
handicraftsman, commercial artist
‫ ﻓﻨﺎﻧﺔ‬fannāna woman artist
‫ اﻓﻨﻮن‬ufnūn pl. ‫ اﻓﺎﻧﲔ‬afānīn2 branch, twig (of a tree)
‫ ﺗﻔــﻨﻦ‬tafannun diversity, variety, multiplicity, multifariousness; many-
sidedness, versatility (‫ ﰲ‬in); varied activity, activity in various fields;
mastery; skillful, workmanlike or chic manner
‫ اﻓﺘﻨــﺎن‬iftinān diversity, variety, multiplicity, multifariousness; many-
sidedness, versatility (‫ ﰲ‬in); varied activity, activity in various fields;
mastery
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﻨﻦ‬mutafannin many-sided, versatile
‫ ﻣﻔﱳ‬muftann masterful, expert, mastering one’s field
‫ ﻓﻨﺎر‬fanār pl. -āt lighthouse
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻨﺠﺎل‬finjāl pl. ‫ ﻓﻨﺎﺟﻴﻞ‬fanājīl2 = ‫ﻓﻨﺠﺎن‬
‫ ﻓﻨﺠـﺎن‬finjān and ‫ ﻓﻨﺠﺎﻧـﺔ‬finjāna pl. ‫ ﻓﻨـﺎﺟﲔ‬fanājīn2 cup; coffee cup | ‫ﺟﻌـﻞ‬
‫زوﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻨﺠﺎن‬ (zauba‘alan) to cause a tempest in a teapot
‫ ﻓﻨﺠﺮ‬fanjara: ‫‘( ﻓﻨﺠﺮ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‬ainaihi) to stare, glare (‫ ﰲ‬at s.o., at s.th.)

‫ ﻓـﻨﺦ‬fanaka a to squeeze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to invalidate, nullify, void (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
break (‫ ﻫـ‬a contract, an agreement)
‫ ﻓﻨﺪ‬II to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) a liar, prove (‫ ه‬s.o.) wrong, disprove, confute, refute,
rebut (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to classify, specify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., the items of an
invoice); to detail, particularize, itemize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to prove (‫ ه‬s.o.) wrong;
to disprove, confute, refute, rebut (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻨﺪق‬funduq pl. ‫ ﻓﻨﺎدق‬fanādiq2 hotel, inn
‫ ﻓﻨﺎر‬pl. -āt look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﺎﻧﻮس‬pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﻧﻴﺲ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﻨﻂ‬II to detail, particularize, itemize, enumrate item by item (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1184
‫ ﻓﻨﻄــﺎس‬finṭās pl. ‫ ﻓﻨــﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬fanāṭīs2 water tank, reservoir, cistern; large

container
‫ ﻓﻨﻄﻴﺲ‬finṭīs pl. ‫ ﻓﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬fanāṭīs2 broad-nosed
‫ ﻓﻨﻄﻴﺴﺔ‬finṭīsa pl. ‫ ﻓﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬fanāṭīs2 snout (of swine)
‫ ﻓﻨﻐﺮاف‬funugrāf pl. –āt phonograph
‫ ﻓﻨﻖ‬V to live in ease and affluence
1‫ ﻓﻨﻚ‬fanak fennec (zool.)
2‫ ﻓﻨﻴﻚ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻨﺪا‬finlandā Finland
‫ ﻓﻨﻠﻨﺪي‬finlandī Finnish; Finn
‫ ﻓـﲏ‬faniya a (‫ ﻓﻨـﺎء‬fanā’) to pass away, perish, cease to exist, come to
nought; to come to an end, cease, wane, dwindle, evanesce, vanish; to be
extinguished, become extinct; to be exhausted, be consumed, be spent; to
undergo obliteration of the self; to become totally absorbed (‫ ﰲ‬by) | ‫ﻻ ﻳﻔـﲎ‬
imperishable, inexhaustible IV to annihilate, bring to nought, ruin, destroy
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to exhaust, consume, wear out, spend (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
Confidential
cause (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) to become absorbed or consumed (‫ ﻫـ‬by) VI to annihilate each
other; to be consumed (‫ ﰲ‬by), lose o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬in), identify o.s. completely (‫ﰲ‬
with); to dedicate o.s. with heart and soul, give o.s. over wholeheartedly (‫ﰲ‬
to some activity)
‫ ﻓﻨـﺎء‬fanā’ passing away, cessation of being; perdition, ruin, destruction,
annihilation; evanescence, vanishing, termination, extinction; exhaustion;
nonbeing, nonexistence, nonentity; extinction of individual consciousness,
recedence of the ego, obliteration of the self (myst.)
‫ ﻓﻨﺎء‬finā’ pl. ‫ اﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬afniya courtyard; open space in front or at either side of a
house; open hall | ‫رﺣﺎﺑـﺔ ﻓﻨـﺎء‬ raḥābat al-f. hospitable reception, generous
entertainment; ‫( ﺳـﺎر ﳜﻄـﻮ ﰲ ﻓﻨـﺎء اﻟﻐﺮﻓـﺔ‬yakṭū, f. il-gurfa) he walked about the

room
‫ اﻓﻨﺎء‬ifnā’ annihilation, ruination, ruin, destruction
‫ ﺗﻔﺎن‬tafānin mutual annihilation; self-denial, self-sacrifice (in an activity)
‫ ﻓﺎن‬fānin evanescent, transitory, transient, ephemeral, vain; exhausted; far
advanced in years, very old
‫ ﻓﻨﻴﻘﻲ‬finīqī Phoenician
1185
‫ ﻓﻨﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬finīqīya2 and ‫ ﻓﻨﻴﻘﻴﺎ‬finīqiyā Phoenicia

‫( ﻓﻨﻴﻚ‬Fr. phénique) finīk phenol, carbolic acid, also ‫ﺣﺎﻣﺾ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﻚ‬
‫ ﻓﻬﺎﻫﺔ‬fahāha weakness, impotence
‫ ﻓﻬـﺪ‬fahd pl. ‫ ﻓﻬـﻮد‬fuhūd, ‫ اﻓﻬـﺪ‬afhud lynx (also the term for cheetah and
panther)
‫ ﻓﻬـﺮس‬fahrasa (‫ ﻓﻬﺮﺳـﺔ‬fahrasa) to compile an index ( ‫ ﻛﺘـﺎ‬for a book), to
index ( ‫ ﻛﺘﺎ‬a
book)
‫ ﻓﻬـﺮس‬fihris and ‫ ﻓﻬﺮﺳـﺖ‬fihrist pl. ‫ ﻓﻬـﺎرس‬fahāris2 table of contents, index;
catalogue; list
‫ ﻓﻬـﻢ‬fahima a (fahm, faham) to understand, comprehend, realize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to note (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take note, take cognizance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to hear, learn (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬
of s.th. from), be informed (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ of s.th. by); ‫ﻓﻬـﻢ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬ to understand s.o.,
understand what s.o. says or means | ‫( ﻳﻔﻬـﻢ ان‬yufhamu) it is reported, it is

said that …, we understand that ... II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) understand or see (‫ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
s.th.), instruct (‫ ه ﻫـ‬s.o. in s.th.), give (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. s.th.) to understand IV = II; V
to try to understand or comprehend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to understand gradually, come
to understand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to penetrate, fathom (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to understand,
comprehend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to understand one another; to communicate with

each other; to reach an understanding, come to an agreement, come to terms
(‫ ﻣــﻊ‬with, ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ in, about); to be comprehended, be understood VIII to
understand, comprehend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to inquire (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or s. of s.o. about s.th.),
ask (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. s.th. or about s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻬﻢ‬fahm pl. ‫ اﻓﻬﺎم‬afhām understanding; comprehension. grasp; perceptive
faculty, perceptivity; brains, intellect; discernment, acumen, penetration,
insight, intelligence | ‫اﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ ﺳﻮء‬sū’ al-f. misapprehension, misunderstanding
‫ ﻓﻬﻢ‬fahim quick-witted, of acute discernment
‫ ﻓﻬﻴﻢ‬fahīm pl. ‫ ﻓﻬﻤﺎء‬fuhamā’2 discerning, judicious, sensible, intelligent
‫ ﻓﻬﺎﻣﺔ‬fahāma very understanding, extremely sympathetic
‫ ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ‬tafhīm instruction, orientation
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‫ ﺗﻔﻬــﻢ‬tafahhum gradual understanding; understanding, comprehension,

grasping, grasp
‫ ﺗﻔــﺎﻫﻢ‬tafāhum mutual understanding, mutual agreement, concurrence,
accord; understanding (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with, ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on, about);
agreement, arrangement (‫ ﻣــﻊ‬with) | ‫ﺳــﻮء اﻟﺘﻔــﺎﻫﻢ‬ sū’ at-t. (mutual)
misunderstanding, discord, disharmony, dissension
‫ اﺳـﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬istifhām inquiry (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬about; also ‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬question | ‫ﻋﻼﻣـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬
‘alāmat al-ist. question mark
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻣﻲ‬istifhāmī interrogative (gram.)
‫ ﻣﻔﻬـﻮم‬mafhūm understood; comprehensible, intelligible, understandable;
known; sense, meaning, signification; (pl. ‫ ﻣﻔـﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬mafāhīm2) notion, concept
| ‫ ﳌﻔﻬـﻮم‬in the literal sense, literally; unequivocally, unambiguously, clearly;
‫ اﳌﻔﻬﻮم ان‬it is said, it is reported that …
‫ ﻓﻮ‬fū see ‫ ﻓﻢ‬fam
‫( ﻓﻮال‬Fr.) fuwāl voile (dress material)
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻮة‬fuwa (eg.) madder (Rubia tinctorum L.; bot.)
‫ )ﻓـﺎت )ﻓـﻮت‬fāta u (faut, ‫ ﻓـﻮات‬fawāt) to pass away, vanish; to be over, be
past; to go by s.o. (‫)ه‬, pass s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to escape, elude (‫ ه‬s.o.), slip away; to
abandon, give up, leave behind, relinquish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to anticipate, forestall
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to exceed, surpass (‫ ب ه‬s.o. by) | ‫( ﻓـﺎت اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‬waqt) it is (too) late;
‫ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ان‬it escaped him that ...; he omitted, neglected, failed, or forgot to ...; he
failed to see that ..., he overlooked the fact that …; ‫( ﱂ ﻳﻔﺘـﻪ ان‬yafuthu) he did
not fail to ..., he did not neglect to ...; ‫ ﻓﺎﺗﺘـﻪ اﻟﻔﺮﺻـﺔ‬fātatu l-furṣatu he missed
the opportunity; ‫ ﻓﺎﺗـﻪ اﻟﻘﻄـﺎر‬he missed the train II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) escape
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.); to cause (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) to miss (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) pass; to alienate,
sell (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., tun.) IV to make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) escape (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) miss
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to differ, be different, be dissimilar VIII to offend against s.th.
(‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬, act contrary to (‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬, belie, betray (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻓﻮت‬faut escape; -- (pl. ‫ اﻓﻮات‬afwāt) distance, interval; difference
1187
‫ ﻓـﻮات‬fawāt passing, lapse | ‫ ﻓـﻮات اﻷﺟــﻞ‬f. al-ajal the passing of the

appointed time, expiration of the deadline; ‫اﻟﻔ ـﻮات ﳌــﺪة‬ (bi-l-mudda)
superannuation; ‫)اﻷوان‬ ‫( )ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻮات اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬f. il-waqt, il-awān) too late; ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓـﻮات‬
‫ )اﻟﻮﻗﺖ )اﻷوان‬before it is too late
‫ ﻓﻮﻳـﺖ‬fuwait (m. and f.) one following his, or her, own opinion only,
acting in his, or her, way only
‫ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺖ‬tafwīt pl. -āt alienation, transfer, sale (tun.)
‫ ﺗﻔﺎوت‬tafāwut difference, dissimilarity, disparity, contract; disharmony
‫ اﻓﺘﻴﺎت‬iftiyāt treason (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to), betrayal (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of), offense (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against)
‫ ﻓﺎﺋﺖ‬fā’it past, elapsed (time); passing; transitory, transient; passerby
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬mutafāwit different
‫( ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ‬It. fotografia) fotūgrāJfiyā photography
‫ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﰲ‬fotūgrāfiya photographic; photographer
‫( ﻓﻮﺗﻴﻪ‬Fr. fauteuil) fūtēh pl. -āt armchair, fauteuil
‫ ﻓﻮج‬fauj pl. ‫ اﻓﻮاج‬afwāj group, crowd, troop, band; detachment; party; shift
Confidential
(in a mine); battalion (Ir. till 1922; Syr., Leb.); regiment (Ir. since 1922);
‫ اﻓﻮاﺟﺎ‬afwājan in droves, in crowds | ‫ ﺗﺒﺪل اﻟﻔﻮج‬tabaddul al-f. change of shift
‫ )ﻓـﺎح )ﻓـﻮح‬fāḥa u (fauḥ, ‫ ﻓﻮﺣـﺎن‬fawaḥān) to diffuse an aroma, exhale a
pleasant odor, be fragrant; to spread, diffuse, emanate (fragrance) | ‫ﻓـﺎح ﻣﻨـﻪ‬
‫( ﺷﺬا اﻟﻘﺪاﺳﺔ‬šāda l-qadāja) he was reputed to be a holy man
‫ ﻓﻮﺣﺔ‬fauḥa fragrant emanation, breath of fragrance
‫ ﻓﻮاح‬fawwāḥ exhaling, diffusing (fragrance)
‫ ﻓﻮد‬faud pl. ‫ اﻓﻮﻫﺪ‬afwād temple; hair around the temples
1‫)ﻓـﻮر‬ ‫ )ﻓـﺎر‬fāra u (faur, ‫ ﻓـﻮر‬fawarān) to boil, simmer, bubble; to boil over
(also fig.); to effervesce, fizz; to flare up, burst into passion; to gush forth,
well forth, gush up, shoot up (water from the ground) II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
boil (also fig., e.g., the blood); to excite, stir up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
boil
‫ ﻓﻮر‬faur boiling, simmering, bubbling, ebullition, etc. (see I); ‫ ﻓﻮرا‬fauran at
once, right away, instantly, forthwith, on the spot, without delay, promptly,
immediately, directly; ‫ ﻓﻮر‬faura (prep.) immediately after | ‫اﻟﻔﻮر‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮرﻩ‬
1188
‫ )ﻣـﻦ ﻓﻮرﻫـﺎ‬etc.) or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻔـﻮر‬at once, right away, instantly, forthwith, on the
spot, without delay, promptly, immediately, directly
‫ ﻓﻮرى‬faurī prompt, instantaneous, instant, immediate, direct
‫ ﻓﻮرة‬faura flare-up, outburst, tantrum
‫ ﻓـﻮار‬fawwār boiling up, ebullient; effervescent, fizzing; bubbling (spring,
etc.); foaming, frothy; hot-headed, irascible
‫ ﻓﻮارة‬fawwāra spring, fountain, jet d’eau
‫ ﻓﻮران‬fawarān boiling, simmering, bubbling, ebullition; flare· up, outburst
‫ ﻓﺎﺋﺮة‬fā’ira uproar, riot; commotion, agitation, excitement
2‫ ﻓﺎر‬pl. ‫ ﻓﲑان‬and ‫ ﻓﺎرة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﻮرﺷﺔ = ﻓﻮرﺷﺔ‬furša
‫( ﻓﻮرﺷﻴﻨﺔ‬It. forcina) furšīna hairpin
‫ ﻓﻮرﻳﻘﺔ = ﻓﺎورﻳﻘﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ )ﻓـﺎز )ﻓـﻮز‬fāza u (fauz) to be successful, be victorious, triumph; to attain,
achieve, accomplish, obtain, gain, win (‫ ب‬s.th.); to defeat, beat (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬an
Confidential
opponent, ‫ ب‬with; sports, etc.); to escape (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻓـﺎز ﺑﻄﺎﺋـﻞ‬bi-ṭā’ilin)
to fail, be unsuccessful, accomplish nothing II to cross the desert, travel
through or in the desert
‫ ﻓــﻮز‬success, triumph, victory; obtainment, attainment, achievement,
accomplishment; escape
‫ ﻣﻔﺎزة‬mafāza pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻔﺎوز‬mafāwiz2 desert
‫ ﻓﺎﺋﺰ‬fā’iz successful, victorious, triumphant; victor, winner
‫ ﻓﺎﺋﺰة‬fā’iza victress, winner
‫ ﻓﺎس‬fās = ‫ ﻓﺄس‬fa’s
‫ ﻓﻮﺳﻔﺎت‬fusfāt phosphate
‫ ﻓﺎﺷﻲ‬and ‫ ﻓﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻓﻮﺻﻔﻮر‬fuṣfūr phosphorus
‫ ﻓـﻮض‬II to entrust, consign, commit (‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o. s.th.); to entrust,
charge (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. with), commission s.o. (‫ ل‬or ‫ )اﱃ‬to do s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to
authorize, empower, delegate (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o.), give full power (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.)
ill to negotiate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), treat, parley, confer (‫ ﰲ‬on, about, ‫ ﻣـﻊ‬,‫ ه‬with) VI to
1189
negotiate or treat or parley with one another, confer (‫ ﰲ‬on, about); to

negotiate (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), treat, parley, confer (‫ ﰲ‬on, about; ‫ ﻣﻊ‬with)
‫ ﻓﻮﺿﻰ‬fauḍā disorder, disarray, confusion, tohubohu, chaos; anarchy
‫ ﻓﻮﺿﻮي‬fauḍawī anarchic; chaotic
‫ ﻓﻮﺿﻮﻳﺔ‬fauḍawīya anarchism
‫ ﺗﻔـﻮﻳﺾ‬tafwīḍ entrustment, commitment, consignment, commission(ing),
charging; authorization, empowerment, delegation of authority; authority,
warrant, authorization, mandate, mandatory power, procuration, proxy,
power of attorney | ‫( )ﺗﻔــﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻄﻠــﻖ ) م‬muṭlaq, tāmm) general power of
attorney, unlimited authority; ‫ وﺛﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻮﻳﺾ‬warrant of attorney
‫ ﻣﻔﺎوﺿـﺔ‬mufāwaḍa pl. -āt negotiation, parley, talk, conference; partnership
(Isl. Law) | ‫اﳌﻔﺎوﺿﺎت‬ ‫ ﻓﺘﺢ ب‬to open negotiations
‫ ﻣﻔ ــﻮض‬mufawwaḍ authorized agent, deputy, proxy, mandatory;
commissioner | ‫وزﻳــﺮ ﻣﻔــﻮض‬ minister plenipotentiary (dipl.); ‫اﳌﻔــﻮض اﻟﺴــﺎﻣﻲ‬
(sāmī) the High Commissioner (formerly in Syr.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻔﻮﺿـﻴﺔ‬mufawwaḍīya pl. -āt legation (dipl.); commissariat | ‫اﳌﻔﻮﺿـﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬
(‘ulyā) the High Commissariat (formerly in Syr.);
al-m. counselor of legation (dipl.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﺸـﺎر اﳌﻔﻮﺿـﻴﺔ‬mustašār
‫ ﻓﻮﻃﺔ‬fūṭa pl. ‫ ﻓﻮط‬fuwaṯ apron. pinafore; napkin, serviette; towel

‫ ﻓﻮﻋﺔ‬fau‘a: ‫ ﻓﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب‬fau‘at aš-šbāb prime of youth
‫ ﻓﻮف‬fūf pellicle, membrane
‫ ﻓﻮﻓﺔ‬fūfa pellicle, membrane
‫ ﻣﻔﻮف‬mufawwaf: ‫( ﺛﻮب ﻣﻔﻮف‬taub) white-striped garment
‫ )ﻓـﺎق )ﻓـﻮق‬fāqa u (fauq, ‫ ﻓـﻮاق‬fawāq) to surpass, excel, overtop (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), tower (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬above); to be superior (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to outweigh,
outbalance; to transcend, exceed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- to remember (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻓـﺎق‬
‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ )ﻓـﻮوق‬fuwūq, ‫ ﻓـﻮاق‬fuwāq) to give up the ghost, expire, die II to direct,
level (‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬a weapon at), aim (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. at); to (a)waken, wake up, revive,
restore to consciousness (‫ ه‬s.o.); to clear, sober (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the head); to remind (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to recover, recuperate, convalesce (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), regain health; to wake
1190
up, awake; to get up (‫اﻟﻨـﻮم‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ min an-naum from sleep); to be awake; to
come to, regain consciousness (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬after, e.g., after a swoon, after a state of
intoxication); to awaken, arouse, stir up (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. from) V to be superior
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), surpass, excel, overtop (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.). tower (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬above); to do
excellent work, show outstanding skill (‫ ب‬in, with); to pass an examination
with distinction (‫ ل‬in a course) X to recover, recuperate, convalesce (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from), regain health; to wake up, awaken; to get up (‫اﻟﻨـﻮم‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬min an-naum
from sleep); to be awake; to come to, regain consciousness (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬after, e.g.,
after a swoon, after a state of intoxication)
‫ ﻓـﻮق‬fauqu (adv.) up, upstairs, on top, above; fauqa (prep.) above, over;
on, on top of; beyond, more than | ‫اﳊـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻓـﻮق‬f. al-ḥadd boundless, unlimited,
infinite, excessive, exaggerated; ‫ ﻓﻮق ذﻟـﻚ‬moreover, besides, furthermore, in
addition to that, beyond that; ‫( ﻓـﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴـﺠﻲ‬banafsajī) ultraviolet; ‫ﻓـﻮق اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬
supernatural; ‫ﻓــﻮق اﻟﻌــﺎدة‬ extraordinary, unusual, exceptional; special,
Confidential
emergency (e.g., meeting); ‫اﻧﻪ‬
being ...; ‫ﻓﻤـﺎ ﻓﻮﻗـﻪ‬

‫ ﻓﻮق‬in addition to the fact that it ..., beyond its
and upward, and more (than that);
above it; from above it, from atop it
‫ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﱐ‬fauqānī located higher or above, higher, upper
‫ﻣـﻦ ﻓﻮﻗـﻪ‬ min fauqihī
‫ ﻓﺎﻗﺔ‬fāqa poverty, want, neediness, indigence

‫ ﻓﻮاق‬fuwāq hiccup(s); gasping of a dying person, death rattle
‫ اﻓـﺎوﻳﻖ‬afāwīq2 (pl. of ‫ ﻓﻴﻘـﺔ‬fīqa) milk (gathering in the udder between two
milkings); (fig.) boons, kindness, benefactions | ‫ ارﺿـﻌﲏ اﻓـﺎوﻳﻖ ﺑـﺮﻩ‬arḍa‘anī a.
birrihī he showered me with kindnesses
‫ اﻓﺎﻗـﺔ‬ifāqa recovery, recuperation, convalescence; awakening; revival,
restoration to consciousness
‫ ﺗﻔـﻮق‬tafawwuq superiority; preponderance, predominance, ascendancy,
supremacy; above-average performance, talent | ‫ ﺗﺸـﺠﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻔـﻮق‬promotion of
young talent
‫ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ‬fā’iq superior; surpassing, excellent, exquisite, first-rate; outstanding,
remarkable, striking; pre-eminent; exceeding, extraordinary; going far
beyond (a restriction, etc.); awake, waking, wakeful
1191
‫ ﻣﻔﻴﻖ‬mafīq awake, waking, wakeful

‫ ﻣﺘﻔـﻮق‬mutafawwiq superior; surpassing, excellent, exquisite, first-rate,
outstanding, remarkable, striking; pre-eminent; victor
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻔﻴﻖ‬mustafīq awake, waking, wakeful
‫ ﻓـﻮل‬fūl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt bean(s); broad bean(s), horse bean(s) | ‫ﻓـﻮل‬
‫ﻣـﺪﻣﺲ‬ (eg., mәdammis) cooked broad beans with oil (national dish in
Egypt); ‫ﺳﻮداﱐ‬ ‫( ﻓﻮل‬sūdānī) peanut(s)
‫ ﻓﻮال‬fawwāl seller of beans
‫ ﻓﻮﻻذ‬fūlād steel
‫ ﻓـﻮﻻذي‬fūlādī and ‫ ﻓـﻼذي‬fulādī steel (adj.), of steel, made of steel; steely,
steel-like, steel-hard
‫ ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬volt volt (el.)
‫ ﻓﻮم‬fūm = ‫ ﺛﻮم‬tūm
‫ ﻓﻮﻧﻮﻏﺮاف‬funūgrāf pl. -āt phonograph
‫ )ﻓﺎﻩ )ﻓﻮﻩ‬fāha u (fauh) to pronounce, utter, voice, say (‫ ب‬s.th.) V = I
Confidential
‫ اﻓﻮاﻩ‬afwāh pl. of ‫ ﻓﻢ‬fam; -- ‫ اﻓﻮاﻩ‬afwāh, ‫ اﻓﺎوﻳﻪ‬afāwīh aromatic, spices
‫ ﻓﻮة‬fuwa (eg.) madder (Rubia tinctorum L.; bot.)
‫ ﻓﻮﻫـﺔ‬fūha pl. -āt, ‫ اﻓـﻮاﻩ‬afwāh, ‫ ﻓﻮاﺋـﻪ‬fawā’ih2 mouth; opening, aperture,
orifice, hole, vent; muzzle; crater; abyss, gulf, chasm; hydrant (syr.)
‫ اﻓﻮﻩ‬afwah2 broad-mouthed
‫ ﻣﻔﻮﻩ‬mufawwah eloquent
‫ ﰲ‬fī (prep.) in; at; on; near, by; within, during; among, in the company of,
with; about, on; concerning, regarding, with reference to, with regard or
respect to, as to j dealing with, treating of, consisting in (in book titles); for
the sake of, on behalf of, because of, for; according to; in proportion to; (as
to syntactical regimen see under the respective verb) | ‫ ﻫـﻞ ﻟـﻚ ﰲ‬... do you
feel like ...? would you like to ...? do you want to ...? ‫ ﲬﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬five times
three; ‫ﻋﺸـﺮة‬ ‫ ﲬﺴـﺔ اﻣﺘـﺎر ﰲ‬five meters by ten (width and length); ‫ﻛـﺬب ﰲ ﻛـﺬب‬
(kidb) lie after lie; ‫( ﻛـﻼم ﰲ ﻛـﻼم‬kalām) just so many words, idle talk; ‫ﳓـﻦ‬
‫ اﻗـﺎرب ﰲ اﻗـﺎرب‬our social relations are those of kinsfolk; ‫ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﻣﻀـﻰ‬fīmā maḍā
or ‫( ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬zamān) in the past; formerly, before; ‫( ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬yalī) and
1192
‫( ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ba‘du) in the following, in what follows, below; ‫( ﻓﻴﻤﺎ اﻋﺘﻘﺪ‬a‘taqidu)

as I believe; ‫ ﻓﻴﻤــﺎ ﺑﻴــﻨﻬﻢ‬among themselves, among them; ‫ﺗﺒﺴــﻢ ﰲ ﺧﺒــﺚ‬
tabassama fī kubt he smiled maliciously
‫ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬fīmā (conj.) while; in that, as | ‫ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ اذا‬in case that …, if
1‫)ﻓﻴﺄ‬ ‫ )ﻓﺎء‬fā’a i (‫ ﰲء‬fai’) to return; to shift from west to east (shadow) II to
afford shadow, be shady (tree) IV to give as booty (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.); to
give, afford, grant, award (‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o. s.th.), bestow (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o. s.th.)
V to shade o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.), seek shade (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬under s.th.)
‫ ﰲء‬fai’ pl. ‫ اﻓﻴﺎء‬afyā’, ‫ ﻓﻴﻮء‬fuyū’ (afternoon) shadow
2‫ ﻓﺌﺔ‬see ‫ﻓﺊ‬
‫ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﲔ‬fītāmīn pl. -āt vitamin

‫ ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎم‬viyetnām Vietnam
‫ ﻓﻴﺘﻮ‬vītō, vētō veto (pol.) | ‫ ﺣﻖ اﻟﻔﻴﺘﻮ‬ḥaqq al-v. veto power (pol.)
‫ ﻓﻴﺘﻮن‬faitūn phaeton (light four-wheeled carriage)
Confidential
‫ اﻓـﻴﺢ‬afyaḥ2, f. ‫ ﻓﻴﺤـﺎء‬faiḥā’2 fragrant, redolent, aromatic, sweet-smelling;
wide, vast, extensive; ‫ اﻟﻔﻴﺤﺎء‬epithet of Damascus
‫ ﻓﻴﺎح‬fayyāḥ heavy-scented, strong-smelling
(‫ )ﻓﻴــﺪ‬IV to benefit, help, avail (‫ ه‬s.o.), be of use, of help, bring
advantages (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable,

advantageous (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to teach (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. s.th.); to notify, advise (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. of), acquaint (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. with s.th.), inform (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. of,
about), let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬about); to report (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., also, e.g., to
the police; ‫ن‬ or ‫ ان‬that); to acquire, gain, win (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to derive benefit,
profit, or advantage (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), profit, benefit (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by), turn (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.) to
account or advantage; (gram.) to convey a complete, self-contained meaning
X to acquire, gain, win (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to learn, be told, be informed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬about); to
derive benefit profit, or advantage (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), profit, benefit (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
by), turn (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.) to account or advantage; to utilize, turn to profitable
1193
use, use (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.), make use (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.); to gather, conclude,
deduce, infer (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ اﻓﻴﺪ‬afyad2 more useful; more profitable
‫ اﻓــﺎدة‬ifāda utility, usefulness, benefit, advantage; (pl. -āt) notice,
notification, communication, information, message; testimony, deposition
(in court) | ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻼم‬ ‫ اﻓﺎدة‬acknowledgment of receipt
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎدة‬istifāda utilization, use
‫ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬fā’ida pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬fawā’id2 utility, avail, benefit, advantage; gain, profit;
interest (on money); useful lesson, moral; use (e.g., of a medicine)
‫ ﻣﻔﻴــﺪ‬mufīd useful, beneficial, advantageous; favorable, profitable;
instructive
‫ ﻣﻔـﺎد‬mufād contents, substance, purport, meaning (e.g., of an article) |
‫ اﺷﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻔﺎدﻫﺎ ان‬išā‘atun mufāduhā an a rumor to the effect that ...
‫ ﻓﻴﺪراﱄ‬fīdirālī federalistic | ‫( دوﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﺪراﻟﻴﺔ‬daula) federal state
‫ ﻓﲑوز‬fairūz and ‫ ﻓﲑوزج‬fairūzaj turquoise
Confidential
‫ ﻓﲑوز‬vairus pl. -āt virus
‫ ﭬﻳﺰا‬, ‫( ﻓﻴﺰا‬Engl.) vīzā visa
‫ ﻓﻴﺰ ء‬fīziyā’ physics
‫ ﻓﻴﺰ ﺋﻲ‬fīziyā’ī physical
‫ ﻓﻴﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬fīsiyōlōjiyā physiology
1 ‫(ﻓﻴﺶ‬Fr. fiche) fīš pl. -āt (electric) plug (syr.)
2 ‫ ﻓﻴﺎش‬fayyāš braggart, show-off, self-inflated person
‫ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ‬faiṣal see ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ )ﻓـﺎض )ﻓـﻴﺾ‬fāḍa i (faiḍ, ‫ ﻓﻴﻀـﺎن‬fayaḍān) to overflow, flow over, run over;
to inundate, flood, deluge (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to flow, stream, pour forth, issue,
emanate; to abound, super abound, be abundant, plentiful, superabundant; --
(faiḍ) to spread (of news); -- (faiḍ, ‫ ﻓﻴﻮض‬fuyūḍ): ‫روﺣﻪ‬ ‫ ﻓﺎﺿﺖ‬or ‫( ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬rūḥuhū,
nafsuhū) to give up the ghost IV to pour forth; to fill (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to
overflowing; to pour, pour out, pour forth (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. over), shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
esp. tears); to be prolix, long-winded, verbose (‫ ﰲ‬in one’s speech); to
1194
abandon o.s. without restraint (‫ ﰲ‬to s.th.); to speak or report extensively, in

detail, at great length (‫ ب‬about), dwell (‫ ب‬on), describe in detail (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ ب‬to
s.o. s.th.); to pronounce distinctly (‫ ب‬a word) X to pour forth. spread (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
over), flood (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to spread (of news); to be superabundant, be too
much; to be elaborate, complete in detail, exhaustive, thorough
‫ ﻓـﻴﺾ‬faiḍ flood, inundation, deluge; emanation; superabundance, plenty,
copiousness, abundance; (pl. ‫ ﻓﻴﻮض‬fuyūḍ) stream
‫ ﻓﻴــﺎض‬fayyāḍ overflowing, effusive, exuberant; elaborate, exhaustive
(speech); munificent, bountiful, liberal, generous | ‫ﻓﻴــﺎض اﳋــﺎﻃﺮ‬ brilliant,
overflowing with ideas
‫ ﻓﻴﻀﺎن‬fayaḍān flood, inundation, deluge | ‫ ﻓﻴﻀﺎن اﻟﻨﺒﻞ‬the annual inundation
of the Nile
‫ ﻣﻔـﻴﺾ‬mafīḍ outlet, vent, drain; escape, way out | ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﻣﻨـﻪ ﻣﻔـﻴﺾ‬we
cannot help doing it, we cannot but do it; ‫ﳚﺪ ﻣﻔﻴﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫( ﻻ‬yajidu) he must by
‫ﻻ ﳚـﺪ ﻣﻔﻴﻀـﺎ اﱃ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬
Confidential
all means ...; he can’t find an opportunity to speak
freely
‫ اﻓﺎﺿﺔ‬ifāḍa elaborateness, detailedness, exhaustiveness
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎﺿﺔ‬istifāḍa (super)abundance, plenty; profusion
‫ ﻓـﺎﺋﺾ‬fā’iḍ abundant, copious, plentiful, profuse, superabundant; surplus;
(pl. ‫ ﻓﻮاﺋﺾ‬fawā’iḍ2) interest (on money)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻔﻴﺾ‬mustafīḍ elaborate, detailed, extensive, exhaustive, thorough
‫ ﻓﺎﻳﻆ )> ﻓﺎﺋﺾ‬see above) fāyiẓ usury (eg.)
‫ ﻓﺎﻳﻈﺠﻲ‬fāyiẓgī usurer (eg.)
‫ ﻓﻴﻔﺎء‬faifā’2 pl. ‫ ﻓﻴﺎف‬fayāfin desert
‫( ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻧﺖ‬Fr. vicomte) vikōnt and (Engl.) vaikaunt viscount
1‫)ﻓﻴﻞ‬ ‫ )ﻓﺎل‬fāla i (‫ ﻓﻴﻮﻟﺔ‬fuyūla, ‫ ﻓﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬failūla) to be erroneous (view)
2‫ ﻓﻴـﻞ‬fīl pl. ‫ ﻓﻴﻠـﺔ‬fiyala, ‫ ﻓﻴـﻮل‬fuyūl, ‫ اﻓﻴـﺎل‬afyāl elephant; bishop (chess) | ‫ﺳـﻦ‬
‫ اﻟﻔﻴﻞ‬sinn al-f. ivory
‫ ﻓﻴﻼ‬villā pl. ‫ ﻓﻴﻼت‬villa, country house
‫ دﻳﺪان اﻟﻔﻴﻼر‬dīdān al-fīlāriyā filaria (zool.)
1195
‫ اﻟﻔﻴﻠﺒﲔ‬al-fīlibīn the Philippines

‫ ﻓﻴﻠﺞ‬failaj, ‫ ﻓﻴﻠﺠﺔ‬failaja pl. ‫ ﻓﻴﺎﰿ‬fayālij2 cocoon of the silkworm
‫ ﻓﻴﻠﺴﻮف‬failasūf pl. ‫ ﻓﻼﺳﻔﺔ‬falāsifa philosopher
‫ ﻓﻴﻠﻖ‬failaq pl. ‫ ﻓﻴﺎﻟﻖ‬fayāliq2 large military unit; army corps; corps
‫ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ = ﻓﻠﻢ‬film film
‫ ﻓﻴﻠﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬fīlōlōjiyā philology
‫ ﻓﻴﻢ‬fīma = ‫ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬fī-mā why? wherefore?
‫ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬fīmā see ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﻓﻴﻨـﺔ‬faina pl. -āt time, point of time, instant, moment | ‫( اﻟﻔﻴﻨـﺔ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟﻔﻴﻨـﺔ‬al-
fainata), ‫اﻷﺧـﺮى‬ ‫ اﻟﻔﻴﻨـﺔ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬al-fainata ba‘da l-ukrā, ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻴﻨـﺔ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬, ‫ﺑـﲔ اﻟﻔﻴﻨـﺔ واﻟﻔﻴﻨـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬from time to time, now and then, once in a while, at times, sometimes
‫ ﻓﻴﻨﺎن‬fainān having beautiful, luxuriant hair; luxuriant, long, flowing (hair)
‫ ﻓﻴﻴﻨﺎ‬,‫( ﻓﻴﻨﺎ‬It. Vienna) fiyennā, viyēnnā Vienna
‫ ﻓﻴﻨﻮس‬fīnūs Venus
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻴﻨﻴﺴﻴﺎ‬fīnīsiyā Venice
‫ ﻓﻴﻨﻴﻘﻲ‬fīnīqī Phoenician; (pl. -ūn) a Phoenician
‫ ﻓﻬﻴﻖ‬II tafaihaqa to be prolix, long-winded, circumstantial
‫ ﻓﻴﻬﻘﺔ‬faihaqa prolixity, long-windedness
‫ اﻟﻔﻴﻮم‬al-fayyūm El Faiyūm (town in N Egypt)
1196
‫ق‬
‫ ق‬abbreviation of ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬daqīqa minute
‫ ﻗﺎدس‬qādis2 Cádiz (seaport in SW Spain)
‫ ﻗـﺎدوس‬qādūs pl. ‫ ﻗـﻮادﻳﺲ‬qawādīs2 water-wheel bucket, scoop (used in
irrigation; Eg.)
‫( ﻗﺎزوزة‬It. gasosa) gāzūza soda water (saud.-ar.)
‫ ﻗﺎﺷﺎﱐ‬qāšānī faïence; porcelain, china
‫ ﻗــﺎف‬qāf name of the letter ‫ ق | ﺟﺒــﻞ اﻟﻘــﺎف‬jabal al-q. in Islamic
cosmology, name of the mountains surrounding the terrestrial world
1‫ ﻗﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬qāqulla cardamom (bot.)
2‫ ﻗﺎﻗﻠﻰ‬qāqullā a variety of saltwort (Salsola fruticos; bot.)
‫ ﻗﺎﻗﻢ‬qāqum ermine
‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬qālab, qālib pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻟﺐ‬qawālib2 form; mold; cake pan; model; matrix;
last, boot tree, shoe tree | ‫ﺟـﱭ‬‫( ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ‬jubn) a (chunk or loaf of) cheese; ‫ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ‬
‫( ﺳـﻜﺮ‬sukkar) sugar loaf; ‫( ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﺻـﺎﺑﻮن‬ṣābūn) a cake or bar of soap; ‫ﻗﻠﺒـﺎ وﻗﺎﻟﺒـﺎ‬
Confidential
(qalban) with heart and soul; inwardly and outwardly
‫( ﻗﺎﻟﻮش‬Fr. galoche) galōš pl. -āt galosh, overshoe
‫ ﻗﺎﻣﻮس‬qāmūs pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻣﻴﺲ‬qawāmīs2 ocean; dictionary, lexicon
‫ اﲪﺮ ﻗﺎن‬aḥmar2 qān(in) blood-red, deep-red
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﺊ‬qāni‘ blood-red, deep-red (=‫ ﻗﺎن‬qānin)
‫ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن‬qānūn pl. ‫ ﻗـﻮاﻧﲔ‬qawānīn2 canon; established principle, basic rule,
axiom, norm, regulation, rule, ordinance, prescript, precept, statute; law;
code; tax, impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates; a stringed musical
instrument resembling the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal sound box, set
horizontally before the performer | ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫( اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬asāsī) basic constitutional
law; statutes; ‫ﻗــﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﺄﺳــﻴﺲ‬ statutes, constitution; ‫( اﻟﻘــﺎﻧﻮن اﳉﻨــﺎﺋﻲ‬jinā’ī)
criminal law; penal law; ‫ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن اﻷﺣـﻮال اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬ (šakšīya) personal statute;
‫اﻟﻘـ ـﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺪﺳ ــﺘﻮري‬ (dustūrī) constitutional law; ‫اﻟﻘ ــﺎﻧﻮن اﻟ ــﺪوﱄ‬ (duwalī)
international law; ‫اﳌﺮاﻓﻌـﺎت‬ ‫ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن‬q. al-murāfa‘āt code of procedure (jur.; Eg.);
‫ﻗ ــﺎﻧﻮن اﺻ ــﻮل اﶈﺎﻛﻤ ــﺎت اﳊﻘﻮﻗﻴ ــﺔ‬ (Syr.); ‫ﻗ ــﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺴ ــﻠﻚ اﻹداري‬ as-silk al-idārī
1197
administrative law; ‫ﻗــﺎﻧﻮن ﻛﻴﻤـﺎوي‬ (kīmāwī) chemical formula; ‫اﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮن اﳌــﺪﱐ‬

(madanī) civil law
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬qanūnī canonical; legal, statutory; lawful, legitimate, licit, accordant
with law or regulations, valid, regular; legist, jurisprudent, jurist | ‫ﺻـﻴﺪﱄ‬
‫( ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬ṣaidalī) certified and licensed pharmacist; ‫ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬gair q. illegal
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬qānūnīya legality, lawfulness
‫ ﻗﺎورﻣـﺔ‬qāwirma (eg.) mutton or beef cut in small pieces and braised with
squash (qar‘) or onions and tomatoes
‫ ﻗـﺎوق‬qāwuq and ‫ ﻗـﺎووق‬qāwūq pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاوﻳـﻖ‬qawāwīq2 a kind of high headgear
made of felt
‫ ﻗﺎوون‬qāwūn melon
‫ ﻗﺎﻳﺶ‬qāyiš pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻳﺶ‬qawāyiš leather thong, strap, belt, girth; strop
1‫ ﻗـﺐ‬qabba u (qabb) to chopoff, cut off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., the hand); to
straighten up, draw o.s. up, become erect; to rise, ascend; to stand on end,
bristle (hair)
‫ ﻗﺐ‬qabb pl. ‫ اﻗﺐ‬aqubb hub, nave (of a wheel); lever, beam (of a balance)
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺒـﺔ‬qubba pl. ‫ ﻗﺒـﺎب‬qibāb, ‫ ﻗﺒـﺐ‬qubab cupola, dome; cupolaed structure,
dome-shaped edifice; domed shrine, memorial shrine, kubba (esp., of a
saint) | ‫اﳉﺮس‬
the city of Basra
‫ ﻗﺒﺔ‬q. al-jaras belfry, bell tower; ‫ ﻗﺒﺔ اﻹﺳـﻼم‬q. al-islām epithet of
‫ ﻣﻘﺒﺐ‬muqabbab cupolaed, domed, spanned by a cupola or dome; convex

2 ‫ﻗﺐ‬qabba pl. -āt collar (of a garment)
‫ ﻗﺒﺞ‬qabj, qabaj (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻗﺒﺎج‬qibāj a kind of partridge

‫ ﻗـﺒﺢ‬qabuḥa u (qubḥ, qabḥ, ‫ ﻗﺒﺎﺣـﺔ‬qabāḥa) to be ugly, repulsive, repugnant,
disgusting (physically or morally); to be ignominious, infamous, shameful,
disgraceful, foul, vile, base, mean II to make ugly, repulsive, or repugnant,
disfigure (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to denounce s.o.’s action (‫‘ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻓﻌﻠـﻪ‬a. fi‘lahū) as
ugly, ignominious, infamous, shameful, or disgraceful; to censure, rebuke
(‫ﻓﻌﻠـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬s.o. for his action) X to find (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) ugly, repugnant, or
repulsive, find (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) ignominious, infamous, shameful, disgraceful, foul,
vile, base, or mean; to disapprove (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.), dislike (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗـﺒﺢ‬qubḥ, qabḥ ugliness; ignominy, infamy, shamefulness | ‫ ﻗﺒﺤـﺎ ﻟـﻪ‬shame
on him!
1198
‫ ﻗﺒـﻴﺢ‬qabīḥ pl. ‫ ﻗﺒـﺎح‬qibāḥ, ‫ ﻗﺒـﺎﺣﻰ‬qabāḥā, ‫ ﻗﺒﺤـﻰ‬qabḥā ugly, repulsive,

repugnant, disgusting (physically or morally); ignominious, infamous,
shameful, disgraceful, foul, vile, base, mean; impudent, shameless, insolent,
impertinent
‫ ﻗﺒﻴﺤـﺔ‬qabīḥa pl. ‫ ﻗﺒـﺎﺋﺢ‬qabā’iḥ2, ‫ ﻗﺒـﺎح‬qibāḥ abomination, shameful deed,
dirty trick, low act
‫ ﻗﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬qabāḥa ugliness; ignominy, infamy, shamefulness
‫ اﻗﺒﺢ‬aqbaḥ2 uglier; more infamous; fouler, viler
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺢ‬maqābiḥ2 ugly traits, repulsive qualities
1‫ ﻗﺒﺎر‬qubbār, qabbār capers (bot.)
2‫ ﻗﱪ‬qabara u i (qabr, ‫ ﻣﻘﱪ‬maqbar) to bury, inter, entomb (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)

‫ ﻗﱪ‬qabr pl. ‫ ﻗﺒﻮر‬qubūr grave, tomb, spulcher
‫ ﻗــﱪ‬maqbar pl. ‫ ﻣﻘــﺎﺑﺮ‬maqābir2 tomb, burying place, burial ground;
cemetery, graveyard
‫ ﻣﻘـﱪة‬maqbura, maqbara pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﺑﺮ‬maqābir2 tomb, burying place, burial
ground; cemetery, graveyard
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻘﱪي‬maqburī, maqbarī caretaker of a cemetery; gravedigger
3 ‫ ﻗﱪ‬qubbar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬lark (zool.)
‫ ﻗﱪص‬qubruṣ2 and ‫ ﻗﱪس‬qubrus2 Cyprus

‫ ﻗﱪﺻـﻲ‬qubruṣī Cyprian, Cypriote (adj. and n.); ‫ اﻟﻘﺒﺎرﺻـﺔ‬al-qabāriṣa the
Cypriotes
‫ ﻗﺒﺲ‬qabasa i (qabs) to derive, acquire, loan, borrow, adopt, take over ( ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from) VIII to take, or seek to take, fire (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from, also ‫را ﻣـﻦ‬ ); to
acquire or seek to acquire knowledge (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from, also ‫ ;)ﻋﻠﻤـﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬to learn (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to loan, borrow, adopt, take over (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. from)
‫ ﻗﺒﺲ‬qabas firebrand; live coal
‫ ﻗﺒﺴﺔ‬qabsa firebrand
‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻮس‬qābūs nightmare
‫ اﻗﺘﺒــﺎس‬iqtibās learning, acquisition (of knowledge); loaning, loan,
borrowing (fig); adoption, taking over, acceptance, adaptation (of a literary
text or passage); quotation, citation (of another’s literary work or ideas)
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﺒﺴﺎت‬muqtabasāt loans, borrowings (fig.)
1199
‫ ﻗـﺒﺺ‬qabaṣa i (qabṣ) to take up with finger and thumb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take a

pinch (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺒﺼـﺔ‬qabṣa, qubṣa as much as may be taken between the finger and the
thumb, a pinch
‫ ﻗـﺒﺾ‬qabaḍa i (qabḍ) to seize, take, grab, grasp, grip, clasp, clutch (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or
‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), take hold, take possession (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to
hold (‫ه‬ ,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to apprehend, arrest (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to receive,
collect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., money); to contract, constringe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to constipate
(‫ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬al-baṭna the bowels); to oppress, deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress (‫ه‬
s.o.); pass. qubiḍa or ‫ ﻗﺒﻀـﺖ روﺣـﻪ‬qubiḍat rūḥuhū to die | ‫ ﻗﺒﻀـﻪ ﷲ‬or ‫ﻗـﺒﺾ ﷲ‬
‫( روﺣـﻪ‬rūḥahū) God made him die; ‫( ﻗـﺒﺾ ﻳـﺪﻩ ﻋـﻦ‬yadahū) to keep o.s. from
seizing s.o. or s.th.; to be ungenerous, be stingy toward; ‫)ﻗـﺒﺾ اﻟﺼـﺪر )اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬
(ṣadr, nafs) to oppress, deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress II to contract,
constringe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) into s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬possession; to pay (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
Confidential
price) | ‫)اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫( )ﻗﺒﺾ اﻟﺼﺪر‬ṣadr, nafs) to oppress, deject, dishearten, dispirit,
depress V to contract, become contracted; to shrink, shrivel; to be
constipated (bowels) VII = V; to be received; to shut o.s. off (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from, to),
close one's mind (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to); to be dejected, depressed, dispirited, ill at ease,
also ‫ﺻﺪرﻩ‬ ‫( اﻧﻘﺒﺾ‬ṣadruhū)

‫ ﻗﺒﺾ‬qabḍ gripping, grasping, seizing, seizure, holding; taking possession,
appropriation; apprehension, arrest (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.o.); receiving, receipt (esp., of
money); contraction, constriction, constipation | ‫واﻟـﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫( اﻟﻘـﺒﺾ‬daf‘) revenues
and expenditures; ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫( اﻟﻘﻰ اﻟﻘﺒﺾ‬alqā l-qabḍa) to arrest s.o.
‫ ﻗﺒﻀـﺔ‬qabḍa pl. qabaḍāt seizure; grip, hold, clasp, grasp; handful; (Eg.) a
linear measure of 12.5 cm; -- (pl. ‫ ﻗﺒـﺎض‬qibāḍ) handle, haft, hilt | ‫اﻟﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻗﺒﻀـﺔ‬q.
al-yad fist; ‫ ﰲ ﻗﺒﻀـﺘﻪ‬in s.o.’s possession, in s.o.’s hands, in s.o.’s power; ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ ﻳﺪﻩ‬do.; ‫ وﻗﻊ ﰲ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻪ‬to fall into s.o.’s hands
‫ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ‬qubḍa pl. ‫ ﻗﺒﺾ‬qubaḍ handful
‫ ﻗﺒﺎﺿﺔ‬qibāḍa raising, collecting, levying (of funds, of taxes)
1200
‫ ﻗﺒﻀــﺎى‬qabaḍāy pl. -āt (syr., leb.) strong-arm (esp. one serving as

bodyguard for politicians and prominent personalities); tough, bully
‫ ﻣﻘﺒﺾ‬maqbiḍ, miqbaḍ pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺾ‬maqābḍ2 handle, haft, hilt
‫ ﻣﻘـﺒﺾ‬miqbaḍ pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﺑﺾ‬maqābiḍ2 handle, knob, grip (also, e.g., of a
walking stick)
‫ ﺗﻘـﺎﺑﺾ‬taqābuḍ (Isl. Law) a reciprocal taking possession (of a commodity
and its monetary equivalent by buyer and seller respectively)
‫ اﻧﻘﺒـﺎض‬inqibāḍ contraction, shriveling, shrinking, shrinkage; constipation
(of the bowels); oppression, anguish, anxiety, dejectedness, depression, low
spirits, gloom, also ‫اﻟﺼﺪر‬ ‫ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض‬inq. aṣ-ṣadr
‫ ﻗ ــﺎﺑﺾ‬qābiḍ constipating, costive (med.); grievous, distressing,
embarrassing; receiver, recipient; gripper, clamp, claw, catcher, tongs,
holder (techn.); (pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻗﺒـﺎض‬qubbāḍ) (tax) collector | ‫‘( ﻋﻀـﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻀـﺔ‬aḍala)
flexor; ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫( ﻗﺎﺑﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ‬amr) ruler, potentate
‫ ﻣﻘﺒﻮض‬maqbūḍ: ‫ ﻣﻘﺒﻮض ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬person under arrest; (pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻴﺾ‬maqābīḍ2)
revenue (fin.)
Confidential
do.
‫ ﻣﻨﻘـﺒﺾ‬mungabiḍ oppressed, worried, dispirited, disheartened, downcast,
dejected, depressed, ill at ease | ‫)اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬
1‫ ﻗﺒﻂ‬II ‫وﺟﻬﻪ‬
‫ )ﻣﻨﻘـﺒﺾ اﻟﺼـﺪر‬m. aṣ-ṣadr (or an-nafs)
‫( ﻗﺒﻂ‬wajhahū) to knit the brows, frown, scowl, glower

2‫ اﻟﻘﺒﻂ‬al-qibṭ, al-qubṭ pl. ‫ اﻷﻗﺒﺎط‬al-aqbāṭ the Copts
‫ ﻗﺒﻄﻲ‬qibṭī, qubṭī Coptic; Copt

3‫ ﻗﺒﻄـﺎن‬qubṭān pl. ‫ ﻗﺒـﺎﻃﲔ‬qabāṭīn2, ‫ ﻗﺒﺎﻃﻨـﺔ‬qabāṭina captain (of a ship and, in
Tun., as a military rank = Fr. capitaine)
‫ ﻗﺒـﻊ‬qaba‘a a (‫ ﻗﺒـﻮع‬qubū‘) to retract the head (hedgehog); to crouch, squat,
sit; -- (qab‘, ‫ ﻗﺒـﺎع‬qibā‘, qubā‘) to grunt (hog); to trumpet (elephant); -- (qab‘)
to drink in hasty gulps (eg.)
‫ ﻗﺒﻌﺔ‬qubba‘a pl. -āt hat; cap; (syr.) small felt cap
‫ ﻣﻘﺒﻊ‬muqabba‘ wearing a bat, hatted
‫ ﻗﺒﻘﺐ‬qabqaba to swell, bulge
‫ ﻗﺒﻘﺎب‬qabqāb pl. ‫ ﻗﺒﺎﻗﻴﺐ‬qabāqīb2 wooden clog, patten | ‫ ﻗﺒﻘﺎب اﻧﺰﻻق‬skate
‫ ﻗﺒﺎﻗﻴﱯ‬qabāqībī: ‫( ﻣﺴﻤﺎر ﻗﺒﺎﻗﻴﱯ‬mismār) small nail, blue tack (eg.)
1201
‫ ﻗﺒﻞ‬qabila a (‫ ﻗﺒﻮل‬qabūl, qubūl) to accept (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to receive

(kindly, hospitably) (‫ ه‬s.o.), give (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) a friendly reception,
receive (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) favorably, approve (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬of s.o., of s.th.); to acquiesce (‫ ﻫـ‬in
s.th.), put up (‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.), agree, consent, assent (‫ ﻫـ‬to, also ‫ ;)ب‬to admit ( ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. to); to obey (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o.), yield, give in (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.o.), submit to
s.o.’s (‫ )ﻣـﻦ‬command; -- qabila a and qabala u i (‫ ﻗﺒﺎﻟـﺔ‬qabāla) to guarantee,
vouch, be surety (‫ ب‬for) | ‫( ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺬﻫﺎب ﻣﻌـﻲ‬dahāba) he was willing to go with
me; qabila with acc. of a maṣdar frequently corresponds to an English
adjective in -able, -ible, -ive, -al, e.g., ‫داء ﻳﻘﺒــﻞ اﻟﺸـﻔﺎء‬ (šifā’a) a curable
disease, ‫ﺑﻀـﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﻘﺒـﻞ اﻻﻟﺘﻬـﺎب‬ (highly) combustible merchandise; ‫اﲦـﺎن ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒـﻞ‬
‫( اﳌﺰاﲪﺔ‬muzāḥamata) prices that are beyond competition; ‫( ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷـﻜﺎ‬šakkan) to
admit doubt II to kiss (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); (eg.) to go south(ward) III to b. or
stand exactly opposite s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)ﻫ ـ‬, be face to face (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to
confront, face, counter (‫ ه‬s.o.; ‫ ﻫـ ب‬s.th. with, e.g., a situation with caution);
Confidential
to meet (‫ ه‬s.o.; ‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., a danger, with, by); to encounter (‫ ه‬s.o.), run
across s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to visit (‫ ه‬s.o.), call on s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to meet, get together, have a
talk or interview (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to interview (‫ ه‬s.o.); to receive (in audience)
(‫ ه‬s.o.), grant an audience (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to receive (‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ ب‬s.o., s.th. with, e.g., a
news with joy); to repay, return, requite (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with); to compare, collate
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with) | ‫( ﻗﺎﺑﻠـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺮﺣـﺐ واﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺔ‬raḥb, sā‘a) to welcome s.o.
or s.th.; ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠـﻪ ﳌﺜـﻞ‬ (bi-l-mitl) to return like for like IV to turn forward; to
draw near, come close to s.o. or to a place (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, approach (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., a
place); to advance (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to, toward); to turn (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to. toward); to embark,
enter (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.th.), engage (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in); to give one’s attention, devote o.s.
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o., to s.th.), dedicate o.s., apply o.s., attend (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.), occupy
o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with); to take an interest, become or be interested (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in); to go,

come (‫ اﱃ‬to); to be abundant (crop); (with foll. imperf.) to begin to do | ‫اﻗﺒـﻞ‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ‬dahru) or ‫( اﻗﺒـﻞ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬dunya) luck is on his side, fortune smiles
1202
on him V to accept, receive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hear, grant (‫ دﻋـﺎءﻩ‬du‘ā’ahū s.o.’s

prayer; of God) VI to be opposite each other, face each other; to meet (e.g.,
two persons); to get together, have a meeting; meet (‫ ﻣــﻊ‬with); to be
compared, be collated VIII to receive (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to apply o.s. gladly
and willingly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.) X to turn one’s face (‫ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., toward s.th.); to
go to meet, to meet (‫ ه‬s.o.); to face, confront, meet (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to take
upon o.s., assume (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to receive (‫ ه‬a visitor, a guest; ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a
radio broadcast)
‫ ﻗﺒﻞ‬qablu (adv.) or ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬min qablu and ‫ ﻗـﺒﻼ‬qablan previously, formerly,
earlier, before; ‫( ﻣـﻦ ذي ﻗﺒـﻞ‬qablu), ‫( ﻋـﻦ ذي ﻗﺒـﻞ‬after a comparative) ... than
before; qabla (prep.) before, prior to | ‫ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﻛـﻞ ﺷـﻲء‬qabla kull šai’in first of
all, above all; ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬min qabli before, prior to; ‫( ﻗﺒﻞ ان‬conj.) before
‫ ﻗﺒﻠﺌﺬ‬qabla’idin previously, formerly, once, in former times
‫ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬qubaila (prep.) shortly before, prior to; ‫( ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ان‬conj.) shortly before
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬qubl, qubul fore part, front part, front, face | ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬qubulin) in front;
from the front, from in front
‫ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬qibal power, ability; -- qibala (prep.) in the presence of, before. near;
in the direction of, toward | ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻟﻪ‬
‫( ﻻ‬qibala) he has no power over it, it is not
in his power; he is incapable of accomplishing it; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬min qibali on the
part of, from, by; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬by himself (or itself), of his (or its) own
accord; ‫دﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﱄ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬lī qibalahū dain he owes me a debt, he is indebted to me
‫ ﻗﺒﻠﺔ‬qubla pl. qublāt, qubulāt, ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ‬qubal kiss
‫ ﻗﺒﻠـﺔ‬qibla kiblah, direction to which Muslims turn in praying (toward the
Kaaba); recess in a mosque indicating the direction of the Kaaba, prayer
niche | ‫ اوﱃ اﻟﻘﺒﻠﺘـﲔ‬ūlā l-qiblatain the first of the two kiblahs, i.e. Jerusalem;
‫ ﻗﺒﻠـﺔ اﻷﻧﻈـﺎر‬q. al-anẓār focus of attention, target of all eyes, ideal, goal sought
after and aspired to; ‫ﻗﺒﻠـﺔ اﻻﻫﺘﻤـﺎم‬ object of widespread interest, focus of
attention
‫ ﻗﺒﻠﻰ‬qiblī southern, south | ‫( اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻘﺒﻠﻲ‬wajh) Upper Egypt
‫ ﻗﺒﻮل‬qabūl, qubūl (friendly) reception; welcome; acceptance; concurrence,
consent, assent, approval, admission, admittance; with foll. maṣdar
1203
corresponding to English abstract nouns in -ability, -ibility, -ivity, -ality,

e.g., ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﺪم ﻗﺒﻮل‬adam q. at-tafriqa indivisibility
‫ ﻗﺒﻴـﻞ‬qabīl guarantor, bail(sman), surety; kind, specimen, species, sort;
tribe | ‫اﻟﻘﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا‬of this kind, like this, such; in this respect; ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ اﻹﻳﻀـﺎح‬
(q. il-īḍāḥ by way of illustration, as an explanation; ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ ﻗﺒﻴـﻞ ودﺑـﲑ‬dabīr)
of every origin (whatsoever); ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬا اﻷﻣـﺮ ﰲ ﻗﺒﻴـﻞ وﻻ دﺑـﲑ‬he is not in the
least involved in this affair, he has absolutely nothing to do with this affair
‫ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ‬qabīla pl. ‫ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻞ‬qabā’il2 tribe
‫ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ‬qabalī tribal
‫ ﻗﺒﺎﻟـﺔ‬qabāla bail, guaranty, suretyship, liability, responsibility; contract,
agreement
‫ ﻗﺒﺎﻟﺔ‬qibāla midwifery, obstetrics
‫ ﻗﺒﺎﻟﺔ‬qubālata (prep.) opposite, face to face with, vis-à-vis, in front of
‫ ﺗﻘﺒﻴﻞ‬taqbīl kissing
‫ ﻗﺒﺎل‬qibāla (prep.) opposite, face to face with, vis-à-vis, in front of
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠــﺔ‬muqābala encounter; meeting; conversation, talk, discussion;
interview; audience; reception; comparison, collation | ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ذﻟﻚ‬muqābalata
d. or ‫ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠـﺔ ذﻟـﻚ‬ in return for that, in exchange for that, in compensation
for that, as an equivalent for that, for that, therefor; ‫اﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﺸـﺮﻳﺢ‬comparative
anatomy; ‫( اﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠـﺔ ﳌﺜـﻞ‬bi-l-mitl) requital; retaliation, reprisal; ‫ أﺧـﺬ ﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠـﺔ‬to
return like for like
‫ اﻗﺒـﺎل‬iqbāl drawing near, advance, approach; coming, arrival, advent;
turning, application, attention, response, responsiveness (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), concern
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for), intereot (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in), demand; good fortune, prosperity, welfare | ‫اﻗﺒـﺎﻻ‬
‫ واد را‬iqbālan wa-idbāran back and forth, to and fro, up end down
‫ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ‬taqabbul receptivity, susceptibility, sensibility
‫ اﻗﺘﺒﺎل‬iqtibāl reception
‫ اﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬istiqbāl pl. -āt reception; opposition (astron.); full moon (as an
astronomical aspect); the future; ‫ اﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎﻻ‬istiqbālan in the future | ‫اﻻﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫آﻟـﺔ‬
receiving set, receiver; ‫ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬gurfat al-ist. reception room, parlor; ‫ﻛﺎن‬
1204
‫ ﰲ اﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻟﻪ‬he was present to greet him, he had come to meet him, he received
him
‫ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬qābil obstetrician, accoucheur; coming, next (e.g., month); subject,
liable, susceptible, disposed (‫ ل‬to s.th.); O receiver (radio); with foll. ‫ ل‬and
maṣdar corresponding to English adjectives in -able, -ible, -ive, -al, e.g., ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤــﻮت‬ (li-l-maut) mortal; ‫ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﻟﻠﺸــﻔﺎء‬ curable; ‫ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﻟﻼﻟﺘﻬــﺎب‬ (highly)
combustible, inflammable; ‫ ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻــﻴﻞ‬conductive (el.); ‫ﻏــﲑ ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﺟــﻮع‬
irrevocable; ‫( ﻳﻜــﻮن ﺟـﻮاز اﻟﺴــﻔﺮ ﻗــﺎﺑﻼ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺪﻳــﺪ ارﺑــﻊ ﻣـﺮات‬jawāz as-safar, arba‘a
marrātin) the passport can be renewed four times
‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠـﺔ‬qābila pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﻮاﺑـﻞ‬qawābil2 midwife, accoucheuse; -- (pl. ‫ﻗﻮاﺑـﻞ‬
qawābil2) receptacle, container; -- pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﺑﻞ‬beginnings
‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴــﺔ‬qābilīya faculty, power, capacity, capability, ability; aptitude,
fitness; tendency, disposition, liability, susceptibility, sensibility, receptivity
(‫ ل‬to); appetite | ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻـﻴﻞ‬ conductivity (el.); ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﻘﺴـﻤﺔ‬ q. al-qisma
divisibility; cf. ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻘﺒـﻮل‬maqbūl acceptable, reasonable; satisfactory (as an examination
grade; Eg.); pleasing, obliging, complaisant, amiable; well-liked, likable,
popular, welcome
‫ ﻣﻘﺒﻼت‬muqabbilāt appetizers, hors d’oeuvres
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ‬muqābil facing, opposite; counter- (in compounds); equivalent,
wages, remuneration, recompense | ‫( ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ذﻟـﻚ‬muqābila) or ‫ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ذﻟـﻚ‬
accordingly, in accordance with that, in return for that, in exchange for that,
in compensation for that, as an equivalent for that, for that, therefor; ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ ﺗﻘـﺪﱘ اﻟﻜﻮﺑـﻮن‬upon presentation of the coupon; ‫ﻣﺎﺋـﺔ ﺳـﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﲬﺴـﲔ ﰲ اﻟﻌـﺎم‬
‫( اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻖ‬mi’at safīna m. kamsīn 100 ships as compared with 50 the previous
year; ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ ﺑﺪون‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬without compensation, for nothing, gratis
‫ ﻣﻘﺒﻞ‬muqbil coming, next (e.g., month, year)
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﺒـﻞ‬muqtabal: ‫ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺘﺒـﻞ اﻟﻌﻤـﺮ‬fī m. il-‘umr in the prime of life; ‫ﻣﻘﺘﺒـﻞ اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬
(muqtabala l-lail) at the beginning of the night, early at night
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬mustaqbil receiving set, receiver (radio)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬mustaqbal front part, front, face; future (adj.); the future
1205
‫ ﻗﱭ‬II to weigh (with a steelyard) (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻗﺒﺎن‬qabbān steelyard; scale beam; platform scale, weighbridge
1‫ ﻗﺒﺎء‬qabā’ pl. ‫ اﻗﻴﺔن‬aqbiya an outer garment with full-length sleeves
2‫)ﻗﺒﻮ‬ ‫ )ﻗﺒﺎ‬qabā u to vault, arch, camber, curve, bend (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻗﺒـﻮ‬qabw pl. ‫ اﻗﺒﻴـﺔ‬aqbiya vault; vaulted roof; cellar; tunnel, gallery, drift,
adit (mining); O prompt box | O ‫اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻗﺒـﻮ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎرات‬jawwīya) air-raid
shelter
‫ ﻗﺒﻮة‬qabwa vault
‫ ﻗﺒﺎء‬qibā’ interval, interspace, distance
‫ ﻗﺒﻮدان‬qabūdān captain
‫ ﻗـﺖ‬qatta u (qatt) to render falsely, misrepresent, depreciate, belittle,
minimize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to lie VIII to uproot, root out, extirpate (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺘﺎت‬qattāt slanderer, calumniator
‫ ﻗﺘﺐ‬qatab pl. ‫ اﻗﺘﺎب‬aqtāb (eg.) hunch, hump
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻘﻮﺗﺐ‬muqautab hunchbacked
‫ ﻗﺘﺎد‬qatād tragacanth (Astragalus; bot.) | ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﺎد‬he was sitting on a bed of
thorns
‫ ﻗـﱰ‬qatara u i (qatr, ‫ ﻗﺘـﻮر‬qutūr) and II to be stingy, tightfisted, niggardly,
parsimonious (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward s.o.), keep (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) short, stint (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) IV do.;
to live in straitened circumstances, be or become poor
‫ ﻗﱰ‬qatr stinginess, niggardliness, parsimony (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬toward)
‫ ﻗﱰة‬qatara dust
‫ ﻗﺘﺎر‬quṭār aroma, smell (of s.th. fried or cooked)
‫ ﺗﻘﺘﲑ‬taqtīr stinginess, niggardliness, parsimony (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬toward)
‫ ﻗــﺎﺗﺮ‬qātir stingy, tightfisted, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious (‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬
toward)
‫ ﻣﻘـﱰ‬muqattir, muqtir stingy, tightfisted, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬toward)
‫ ﻗﺘـﻞ‬qatala u (qatl) to kill, slay, murder, assassinate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to mitigate,
alleviate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., ‫ اﻟﱪد‬al-barda the cold, ‫ اﳉﻮع‬al-jū‘a the hunger); to mix,
1206
dilute (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with, e.g., wine with water); to know, master (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g.,
a skill) | ‫( )ﻗﺘﻠـﻪ ﺧـﱪا )ﻋﻠﻤـﺎ‬kubran, ‘ilman) or ‫( ﻗﺘﻠـﻪ درﺳـﺎ وﲝﺜـﺎ‬darsan wa-baḥtan)
to know or master s.th. (e.g., a skill, a field of study) thoroughly; ‫ﻗﺘﻞ اﳌﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫( ﲝﺜـﺎ‬baḥtan) to study a topic most thoroughly, treat a subject exhaustively;
‫( ﻗﺘـﻞ اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ ﺧـﱪة‬dahra kibratan) to have long experience with life, be worldly
wise II to kill, massacre (‫ ﻫﻢ‬people), cause carnage (‫ ﻫـﻢ‬among people) III to
combat, battle (‫ ه‬s.o.), fight (‫ ه‬s.o., with s.o., or against s.o.) | ‫ ﻗﺎﺗﻠـﻪ ﷲ‬lit.:
may God fight him! i.e., approx.: damned bastard! VI and VIII to fight
with one another, combat each other X to risk one’s life, defy death
‫ ﻗﺘﻞ‬qatl killing; manslaughter, homicide; murder, assassination | ‫ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺴـﺒﺐ‬
(bi-sababin) indirect killing (Isl. Law); ‫ ﻗﺘــﻞ اﳋﻄــﺄ‬q. al-kaṭa’ accidental
homicide (jur.); ‫اﻟﻘﺘــﻞ اﻟﻌﻤــﺪ‬ (‘amd) or ‫‘( اﻟﻘﺘــﻞ اﻟﻌﻤــﺪي‬amdī) or ‫اﻟﻘﺘــﻞ ﻋﻤــﺪا‬
(‘amdan) or ‫اﻹﺻﺮار‬ ‫( اﻟﻘﺘﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ‬sabqi l-iṣrār) premeditated murder
‫ ﻗﺘﻞ‬qitl pl. ‫ اﻗﺘﺎل‬aqtāl enemy, foe, adversary, opponent
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺘﻴـﻞ‬qatīl pl. ‫ ﻗﺘﻠـﻰ‬qatlā killed; killed in battle, fallen; one killed in battle,
casualty | ‫اﳊﺮب‬ ‫ﻗﺘﻴﻞ‬ q. al-ḥarb man killed in war
‫ ﻗﺘﺎل‬qattāl murderous, deadly, lethal
‫ اﻗﺘﻞ‬aqtal2 deadlier, more lethal in effect
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ‬maqtal murder, death; murderous battle; (pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬maqātil2) vital part
of the body (the injury of which will bring about death), mortal spot, mortal
organ; Achilles’ heel, vulnerable spot | ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠﻪ‬ ‫( ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﰲ‬ḍarabahū) or ‫اﺻـﺎب ﻣﻨـﻪ‬
‫( اﳌﻘﺘﻞ‬aṣāba) he hit him at his most vulnerable spot
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﻠﺔ‬maqtala pl. -āt butchery, slaughter, carnage, massacre
‫ ﺗﻘﺘﻴﻞ‬butchery, slaughter, carnage, massacre
‫ ﻗﺘﺎل‬qitāl fight, struggle, contention (against); combat, strife, battle | ‫ﺳﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬battlefield
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ‬muqātala fight, struggle, contention (against); combat, strife
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﺗﻞ‬taqātul mutual struggle
1207
‫ ﻗﺎﺗـﻞ‬qātil killing, murdering; deadly, lethal, mortal, fatal; (pl. ‫ ﻗﺘـﺎل‬quttāl,

‫ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ‬qatala) killer, manslayer; murderer, assassin
‫ ﻗﺎﺗﻼت‬qātilāt lethal agents (‫ ل‬against)
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ‬muqattal experienced, practiced, tried, tested
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺗـﻞ‬muqatil fighter, combatant, warrior; fighting, combat-, battle- (in
compounds)
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ‬muqatila (coli.) combatants, warriors, fighting forces
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ‬muqātila pl. -āt combat plane, light bomber
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﺘﻞ‬muqtatal battlefield, battleground
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺘﻞ‬mustaqtil death-defying, heroic
‫ ﻗﺘﻢ‬qatama u (‫ ﻗﺘﻮم‬qutūm) to rise (dust) IX to be dark(-colored), blackish
‫ ﻗﺘﻤﺔ‬qutma, qatama dark or blackish color, darkness, gloom
‫ ﻗﺘﺎم‬qatām dark or blackish color, darkness, gloom
‫ اﻗﺘﻢ‬aqtam2 dark-colored, blackish, dark
‫ ﻗﺎﰎ‬qātim pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﰎ‬qawātim2 black, dark | ‫ اﺳﻮد ﻗﺎﰎ‬pitch-black
Confidential
1‫ ﻗﺚ‬qatta u (qatt) and VIII to pull out, tear out, uproot (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
2‫ ﻗﺜﺎء‬qittā’, quttā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cucumber
‫ ﻗﺜﺎﻃﲑ‬qatāṭīr2 catheter
O ‫ ﻗﺜﻄﺮة‬qatṭara catheter
1‫ ﻗﺢ‬qaḥḥa to cough
2‫ ﻗﺢ‬quḥḥ pl. ‫ اﻗﺤﺎح‬aqḥāḥ pure, sheer, unmixed, unadulterated; genuine
‫ ﻗﺤﺒﺔ‬qaḥba pl. ‫ ﻗﺤﺎب‬qiḥāb whore, harlot, prostitute

‫ ﻗﺤـﻂ‬qaḥaṭa a (qaḥṭ, ‫ ﻗﺤـﻮط‬quḥūṭ) and qaḥiṭa a (qaḥaṭ) to be withheld, fail
to set in (rains); active and pass. quḥiṭa to be rainless (year) II to pollinate
(‫ اﻟﻨﺨﻠـﺔ‬an-naklata the palm tree); (eg.) to scratch off, scrape off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV
to be rainless (year)
‫ ﻗﺤـﻂ‬qaḥṭ want of rain, rainleseness; drought, dryness; famine; dearth,
lack, want, scarcity
‫ ﻗﺤﻄﺎن‬qaṭān2 legendary ancestor of the South Arabians
‫ ﻗﺤـﻒ‬qaḥafa a (qaḥf) to swallow, gulp down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sweep away,
carry away (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; of a river) VIII = I
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‫ ﻗﺤـﻒ‬qiḥf pl. ‫ ﻗﺤـﻮف‬quḥūf, ‫ اﻗﺤـﺎف‬aqḥāf, ‫ ﻗﺤﻔـﺔ‬qiḥafa skull; cranium,

brainpan
‫ ﻗﺤﺎف‬quḥāf torrential (river)
‫ ﻗﺤـﻞ‬qaḥila a (qaḥal) and pass. quḥila to be or become dry or arid, dry up,
wither
‫ ﻗﺤﻞ‬qaḥal dryness aridity
‫ ﻗﺤﻞ‬qaḥil dry, arid
‫ ﻗﺤﻮﻟﺔ‬quḥūla dryness, aridity
‫ ﻗﺤﻼء‬qaḥlā’ f. dry
‫ ﻗﺎﺣﻞ‬qāḥil dry, arid
‫ ﻗﺤـﻢ‬IV to push, drag (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.o. into s.th.), involve (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.o. in); to
introduce forcibly, cram (‫ه‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫( اﻗﺤــﻢ ﻧﻔﺴــﻪ ﺑﻴــﻨﻬﻢ‬nafsahū) he
s.th. into) |
squeezed himself between them VIII to plunge, rush, hurtle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into s.th.); to
break (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into s.th.), intrude, invade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to burst (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into a room); to

jump, leap, dive (‫ ﻫـ‬into s.th.); to rush, dart (‫ ﻫـ‬at); to storm, take by storm (‫ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
s.th.); to embark boldly (‫ ﻫـ‬upon s.th.); to defy (‫ ﻫـ‬danger, hardships, etc.)
‫ ﻗﺤﻤــﺔ‬kuḥma pl. ‫ ﻗﺤــﻢ‬quḥam danger one rushes into. hazardous
undertaking
‫ ﻣﻘﺤـﺎم‬miqḥām pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﺣﻴﻢ‬maqāḥīm2 one who plunges heedlessly into
danger, reckless, daring, foolhardy
‫ اﻗﺤﺎم‬iqḥām dragging in, implicating, involvement
‫ اﻗﺘﺤـﺎم‬iqtiḥām brooking in, inrush, irruption, intrusion, obtrusion; inroad,
invasion, incursion; storming, capture by storm
‫ اﻗﺤﻮان‬uqḥuwān pl. ‫ اﻗﺎح‬aqāḥin, ‫ اﻗﺎﺣﻲ‬aqāḥīy camomile (bot.); daisy (bot.)
1‫ ﻗـﺪ‬qad (particle) with foll. perf. indicates the termination of an action;
sometimes corresponding to English “already”; with foll. imperf.:
sometimes, at times; perhaps, or English “may”, “might”
2 ‫ﻗﺪ‬qadda u (qadd) to cut lengthwise, cut into strips (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to cut off (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to chop off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cut out, carve out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻗـﺪ ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﺠـﺮ‬
qudda qalbuhū min ḥajarin to have a heart of stone II = I; to cut into strips
and dry (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., meat, fruits), to jerk (‫ ﻫ ـ‬meat) VII to split, burst (also,
e.g., with laughter) VIII = I
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‫ ﻗﺪ‬qidd pl. ‫ اﻗﺪ‬aqudd strip (of leather), strap, thong

‫ ﻗـﺪة‬qidda pl. ‫ ﻗـﺪد‬qidad rail; ruler | ‫ ﻃﺮاﺋـﻖ ﻗـﺪدا‬tafarraqū ṭarā’iqa qidadan to
split into many parts or groups, break up, dissolve
‫ ﻗﺪﻳﺪ‬qadīd meat cut into strips and dried, jerked meat
‫ ﻗـﺪ‬qadd pl. ‫ ﻗـﺪود‬qudūd shape, build, frame, physique, stature, height,
figure;
(eg.) size, bulk, volume, quantity | ‫ﻗﺪﻩ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of the same size, of equal size,
just as (large)
‫ ﻗـﺪح‬qadaḥa a (qadḥ) to bore, pierce (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to slander, defame, malign,
vilify (‫ ﰲ‬s.o.); to rebuke, censure, blame (‫ ﰲ‬s.o.); to reprove, reproach,
chide (‫ ﰲ‬s.o.); to reject as objectionable (‫ ﰲ‬a witness, a testimony); to
impair, depreciate, belittle, lessen, diminish, degrade (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), detract

(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬from); to violate, infringe (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), offend (‫ﰲ‬ against); to strike
fire (with a flint) (also with ‫ اﻟﻨﺎر‬an-nāra) | ‫د اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫( ﻗﺪح ز‬z. al-fikr) to ponder,
‫( ﻗـﺪح ﻓﻜـﺮﻩ‬fikrahū) to think hard; ‫ﻗـﺪح ﺷــﺮرا‬
Confidential
think hard, rack one’s brain;
(šararan) to strike or emit sparks VIII to strike fire (with a flint), also ‫اﻗﺘـﺪح‬
‫ ;اﻟﻨﺎر‬to weigh, consider (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗــﺪح‬qadḥ slander, calumniation, calumny, defamation, vilification,
aspersion; censure, rebuke, reproof, reproach; depreciation, detraction (‫ ب‬of
‫ ﰲ‬from), impairment
‫ ﻗـﺪح‬qidḥ, pl. ‫ ﻗـﺪاح‬qidāḥ, ‫ اﻗـﺪح‬aqduḥ, ‫ اﻗـﺪاح‬aqdāḥ, ‫ اﻗـﺎدﻳﺢ‬aqādīḥ2 arrow
shaft; arrow; divining arrow, arrow used for oracles | ‫( اﻟﻘـﺪح اﳌﻌﻠـﻰ‬mu‘allā)
the seventh of the divining arrows used in the ancient Arabian game of
maisir, i.e., the best of them which won seven shares of the slaughtered
camel, hence: ‫ﻟـﻪ اﻟﻘـﺪح اﳌﻌﻠـﻰ ﰲ‬ to be the principal agent in, have a major
impact on, exert decisive influence on, be of crucial importance for
‫ ﻗـﺪح‬qadaḥ pl. ‫ اﻗـﺪاح‬aqdāḥ drinking bowl; (drinking) cup; goblet; glass,
tumbler; tea glass; keddah, a dry measure (Eg. = 1/96 ‫ اردب‬ardabb = 2.0621)
‫ ﻗـﺪاح‬qaddāḥ and ‫ ﻗﺪاﺣـﺔ‬qaddāḥa pl. -āt flint; fire steel, fire iron (for
striking sparks from flint); flint and steel; lighter (e.g., for cigarettes)
‫ ﻣﻘﺪﺣﺔ‬miqdaḥa fire steel, fire iron (for striking sparks from flint)
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‫ ﻗﺪر‬qadara u i (qadr) to decree, ordain, decide (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; of God) -- qadara i

(‫ ﻗـﺪرة‬qudra, ‫ﻣﻘـﺪرة‬ maqdura, maqdara, maqdira) and qadira a (qadar) to
possess strength, power, or ability; to have power (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th.), be master
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.), be equal (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.), be up to s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to have the
possibility to do (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.), be in a position to do s.th. (‫ ان‬or ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, be able to
do s.th. (‫ ان‬or ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬, be capable (‫ ان‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of) II to appoint, assign, determine,
ordain, decree (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.; of God); to predetermine, foreordain,
(pre)destine (‫ﻫـ‬‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; of God); to appraise (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; with respect to its worth
and amount), assess, estimate, calculate, tax, evaluate, value, rate (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th.
at); to anticipate, foresee (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to surmise, guess, presume, suppose,
believe, think, be of the opinion (‫ ان‬that); to esteem highly, value, treasure,

prize, cherish (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬s.th. in s.o., because of s.th. s.o.); to
s.th.,
appreciate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to enable (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. to do s.th.), put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in a
Confidential
position (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.); (gram.) to imply in an expression (‫ ل‬or ‫ )ﻫ ـ‬another
(‫ ب‬or ‫)ﻫ ـ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﻗـﺪر ﷲ‬which) God forbid! ‫ﻗـﺪر ﻓﻜـﺎن‬

as virtually existing |
(quddira) the inevitable happened! ‫( ﻗﺪرﻩ ﺣـﻖ ﻗـﺪرﻩ‬ḥaqqa qadrihi) to attach the
proper value to s.o. or s.th., fully appreciate the value of s.o. or s.th.; ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘـﺪر‬
lā yuqaddaru inestimable, invaluable, immeasurable, immense, huge,
enormous, tremendous IV to enable (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. to do s.th.), put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in a
position (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.) V to he appointed, assigned, determined, ordained,
destined, fated, decreed VIII = I qadara i X to ask (‫ ه‬God) for strength or
ability
‫ ﻗـﺪر‬qadr pl. ‫ اﻗـﺪار‬aqdār extent, scope, quantity, amount, scale, rate,
measure, number; sum, amount; degree, grade; worth, value, standing, rank;
divine decree | ‫اﻟﻘـﺪر‬ ‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ‬lailat al-q. the night in which, according to sura 97,
the Koran was revealed, celebrated during the night between the 26th and
27th of Ramadan; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻗـﺪر‬a certain extent of, a certain degree of; ‫ ﻗـﺪر‬qadra,
‫ ﺑﻘﺪر‬bi-qadri, ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪر‬commensurate with, corresponding to, according to, in
proportion to; ‫ ﺑﻘـﺪر ﻣـﺎ‬bi-qadri mā in the same measure as, to the same
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extent as, as much as, as large as; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗـﺪر ﻣـﺎ‬alā qadrin mā to a certain
extent, relatively; ‫ ﻗــﺪر اﳌﺴــﺘﻄﺎع‬qadra l-mustaṭā‘, ‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻗــﺪر‬,‫ﺑﻘــﺪر اﳌﺴــﺘﻄﺎع‬
‫ ﻗﺪر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬,‫ اﳌﺴﺘﻄﺎع‬qadra ṭ-ṭ., ‫ ﻗﺪر اﻹﻣﻜﺎن‬qadra l-imkān, ‫ ﺑﻘـﺪر اﻹﻣﻜـﺎن‬and ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ ﻗـﺪر اﻹﻣﻜـﺎن‬as far as possible, as much as possible, in the best way possible,
to the best of one’s abilities; ‫ اﻏﻠﺒﻴـﺔ ﻗـﺪرﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﺋـﺔ ﺻـﻮت‬aglabīya qadruha mi’atu
ṣautin a majority of a hundred votes; ‫ ذوو ﻗـﺪرة‬dawū q. people of distinction,
important people
‫ ﻗـﺪر‬qadar pl. ‫ اﻗـﺪار‬aqdār divine fore-ordainment, predestination; fate,
destiny, lot | ‫اﻟﻘـﺪر‬
‫ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ‬madhab al-q. fatalism; ‫( اﻟﻘﻀـﺎء واﻟﻘـﺪر‬qaḍā’) fate and
divine decree; ‫ ﻗﻀـﺎء وﻗـﺪرا‬qaḍā’an wa-qadaran or ‫ ﻟﻘﻀـﺎء واﻟﻘـﺪر‬by fate and
divine decree; ‫ ﻗﺪر ﺟﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ‬he arrived just at the right time
‫ اﻟﻘﺪرﻳـﺔ‬al-qadarīya a theological school of early Islam asserting man’s free
will
‫ ﻗﺪر‬qidr m. and f., pl. ‫ ﻗﺪور‬qudūr cooking pot, kettle, pot
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺪرة‬qidra cooking pot, kettle, pot
‫ ﻗﺪرة‬qadara small bottle, flask
‫ ﻗـﺪرة‬qudra faculty (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), power, strength (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for), potency; capacity,
ability, capability, aptitude; omnipotence (of God) | O ‫اﻟﻘــﺪر ﻋﻠــﻰ اﻟﻌﻤــﻞ‬
(‘amal) power, capacity (techn., phys.); O ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎء‬ ‫ اﻟﻘﺪر ﻋﻠﻰ‬selectivity (radio)
‫ ﻗﺪﻳﺮ‬qadīr possessing power or strength, powerful, potent; having mastery
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th.), capable (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.); omnipotent, almighty, all-powerful
(God)
‫ اﻗﺪر‬aqdar2 mightier, more powerful; more capable (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of), abler (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to
do s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻘـﺪرة‬maqdura, maqdara, maqdira faculty (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), power, strength (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
for), potency; capacity, ability, capability, aptitude | O ‫اﳊﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( اﳌﻘـﺪرة‬ḥarbīya)
military resources, military potential
‫ ﻣﻘﺪار‬miqdār pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬maqādīr2 measure; extent in space and time; scope,
extent, scale, rate, range; quantity; amount | ‫( ﻣﻘـﺪار ادﱏ‬adnā) a minimum;
‫( ﻣﻘـﺪار اﻗﺼـﻰ‬aqṣā) a maximum; ‫ ﲟﻘـﺪار ﻣـﺎ‬bi-miqdāri mā to the same extent or
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degree as …; as much as ...; ‫اﳌﻘـﺪار‬ ‫ـﺬا‬ to such an extent or degree, so much;

‫ ﲟﻘﺪار‬to a certain extent or degree, somewhat, a little
‫ ﺗﻘــﺪﻳﺮ‬taqdīr pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﻘــﺎدﻳﺮ‬taqādīr2 estimation, appraisal, assessment,
taxation, rating; calculation, estimate, valuation; appreciation; esteem;
assumption, surmise, supposition, proposition; implication of a missing
syntactical part (gram.); (pl. -āt) grading, evaluation (of achievement;
school, university); ‫ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮا‬taqdīran by implication, implicitly, virtually | ‫ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﺮا‬
‫ ﳍـﺬا‬in appreciation of this; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻗـﻞ ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﺮ‬alā aqalli t. at least; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻛﺜـﺮ اﻟﺘﻘـﺪﻳﺮ‬
at most; ‫‘ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮي‬an mablagi taqdīrī as far as I can judge for myself
‫ اﻗﺘـﺪار‬iqtidār might, power, strength, potency; ability, capability, faculty,
capacity, efficiency, aptitude
‫ ﻗـﺎدر‬qādir possessing power or strength, powerful, potent; having mastery
(‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬vover s.th.), being equal (‫ ﻗﺪر‬to s.th.); capable (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.th.), able (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to
do s.th.); efficient, capable, talented
‫ ﻣﻘﺪور‬maqdūr decreed (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against, by fate); (pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎدﻳﺮ‬maqādīr2) destiny,
fate; (pl. -āt) faculty, capability, ability; potential, resources | ‫ان‬ ‫ ﰲ ﻣﻘـﺪورﻩ‬to
Confidential
be able to …, be capable of ..., be in a position to ..., have the possibility to
...
‫ ﻣﻘﺪر‬muqaddir estimator, appraiser, assessor, taxer
‫ ﻣﻘــﺪر‬muqaddar decreed, foreordained, predestined; implied, implicit,
virtual; ‫ ﻣﻘﺪرات‬fates, destinies; estimates, preliminary calculations
‫ ﻣﻘﺘـﺪر‬muqtadir possessing power or strength, powerful, potent; having
mastery (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th.), being equal (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.); able (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.),
capable (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of); efficient capable, talented
1‫ ﻗﺪس‬qadusa u (quds, qudus) to be holy, be pure II to hallow, sanctify ( ,‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.); to dedicate. consecrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to declare to be holy, glorify
(‫ ﷲ‬God); to hold sacred, venerate, revere, reverence, worship (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); (Chr.) to canonize (‫ ه‬s.o.); (Chr.) to say Mass, celebrate | ‫ﻗـﺪس ﷲ ﺳـﺮﻩ‬
(sirrahū) may God sanctify his secret! (eulogy used when mentioning the
name of a deceased Muslim saint) V to be hallowed, be sacred or sanctified
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‫ ﻗــﺪس‬quds, qudus holiness, sacredness, sanctity; (pl. ‫ اﻗــﺪاس‬aqdas)

sanctuary, shrine; ‫ اﻟﻘـﺪس‬al-quds Jerusalem | ‫ ﻗـﺪس اﻷﻗـﺪاس‬the holy of holies
(Chr., Jud.); ‫ اﻟﺮوح اﻟﻘﺪس‬,‫( روح اﻟﻘﺪس‬ar-)rūḥ al-qudus the Holy Ghost (Chr.)
‫ ﻗﺪﺳﻲ‬qudsī holy, sacred; saintly; saint
‫ ﻗﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬qudsīya holiness, sacredness, sanctity; saintliness
‫ ﻗﺪاس‬quddās pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﺪادﻳﺲ‬qadādīs2 Mass (Chr.)
‫ ﻗﺪاﺳـﺔ‬qadāsa holiness, sacredness, sanctity; saintliness | ‫ ﻗﺪاﺳـﺔ اﻟﺒـﺎ‬His
Holiness the Pope
‫ ﻗـﺪوس‬qaddūs, quddūs most holy; ‫ اﻟﻘـﺪوس‬the Most Holy, the All-Holy
(God)
‫ ﻗـﺪﻳﺲ‬qiddīs pl. -ūn holy, saintly; Christian saint | ‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪ ﻛـﻞ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﺴـﲔ‬īd kull
al-q. All Saints’ Day (Chr.)
‫ اﻗﺪس‬aqdas2 more hallowed, more sacred, holier
‫ ﺑﻴﺖ اﳌﻘﺪس‬bait al-maqdis Jerusalem
‫ ﺗﻘ ــﺪﻳﺲ‬taqdīs sanctification, hallowing; dedication, consecration;
Confidential
celebration (Chr.); Consecration (as part of the Roman Catholic Mass;
Chr.); reverence, veneration, worship
‫ ﻣﻘﺪس‬muqaddis reverent, reverential, venerative
‫ ﻣﻘــﺪس‬muqaddas hallowed. sanctified, dedicated, consecrated; holy,
sacred; pl. -āt sacred things, sacrosanct things | ‫اﳌﻘﺪﺳـﺔ‬
(‫( اﻷرض )اﻟﺒﻼد‬arḍ) the
Holy Land, Palestine; ‫( اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ اﳌﻘـﺪس‬bait) Jerusalem; ‫ اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ ال ﻣﻘـﺪس‬the Holy
Scriptures, the Holy Bible (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺘﻘـﺪس‬mutaqaddis hallowed, sanctified, dedicated, consecrated; holy,
sacred
2‫ ﻗﺎدس‬qādis Cādiz (seaport in SW Spain)
3‫ ﻗﺎدوس‬pl. ‫ ﻗﻮادﻳﺲ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻗـﺪم‬qadama u (qadm, ‫ ﻗـﺪوم‬qadūm) to precede (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- qadima a (‫ﻗـﺪوم‬

qudūm, ‫ ﻗﺪﻣﺎن‬qidmān, ‫ ﻣﻘﺪم‬maqdam) to arrive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at a place); to come; to get
(‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.; ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a place). reach (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.; ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a place); to
have the audacity to do s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠﻰ‬-- qaduma u (qidam) to be old, be ancient
II to make or let (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) precede, go before, or lead the way; to
1214
send forward, send ahead, send off, dispatch, send on in advance (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to set forth beforehand, premise (‫ ل ﻫـ‬s.th. as introductory to s.th., e.g.,
a preface to a book); to place (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) at the head; to set forward, set
ahead (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a clock); to do earlier, do beforehand, do before s.th. else (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to give precedence (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th. before), give priority (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬to
s.th. over); to prefer (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. to s.o. or s.th. else), give preference
(‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th. over); (Tun.) to appoint as legal guardian (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬
s.o. for); to prepare, ready, keep ready, provide, set aside, earmark (‫ ل ه‬s.th.
for); to provide, make provisions (‫ ل‬for); to offer, proffer, tender, extend,
present, produce, exhibit, display (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫اﱃ‬ or ‫ل‬ to s.o.); to hand over,
deliver (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.); to submit, refer (o s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.), lay
s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬before s.o. (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ;)ل‬to give u a present (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o.),
offer up, present (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ل ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. to s.o., to s.th.); to dedicate (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل‬
Confidential
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a book, to s.o.); to file, turn in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a report), send in,
submit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., an application, ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to), lodge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a complaint,
‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬before); to give (o an answer); to take (o an examination); to bring
s.o. (‫ )ه‬before a proper authority, esp., before a tribunal (‫ اﻣـﺎم‬or ‫)اﱃ‬, arraign
s.o.; to introduce, present (‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ ه‬ s.o. to s.o. else), make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
acquainted (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬with s.o. else); (intr.) to precede; to be fast (clock) | ‫ﻗﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫( ﺑـﲔ ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ‬baina yadaihi) to send s.th. ahead of s.th. else, let s.th. precede s.th.
else; ‫( ﻗـﺪم ﻟـﻪ اﻟـﺜﻤﻦ‬tamana) to pay the price to s.o. in advance, advance the
price to s.o.; ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫( ﻗﺪم‬kidmatan) to render a service; ‫( ﻗﺪم ﺧﻄﻮة‬kidmatan) to

make a step forward; ‫( ﻗـﺪم اﻟﺸـﻜﺮ ﻟـﻪ‬šukra) to extend one’s thanks to s.o.,
thank s.o.; ‫ ﻗﺪم ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ اﱃ اﻟﺒـﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬to give o.s. up to the police; ‫ﻣـﺎ ﻗـﺪﻣﺖ وﻣـﺎ اﺧـﺮت‬
(akkartu) what I have ever committed; ‫ﻳـﺪاك‬ ‫( ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ‬yadāka) what you have
committed or perpetrated; ‫ ﻳﻘــﺪم رﺟــﻼ وﻳــﺆﺧﺮ أﺧــﺮى‬yuqaddimu rijlan wa-
yu’akkiru ukrā to hesitate, waver, be undecided; ‫ﻓـﺮق ﺷـﻬﻮر ﻻ ﺗﻘـﺪم وﻻ ﺗـﺆﺧﺮ‬
farqu šuhūrin lā tuqaddimu wa-lā tu’akkiru a difference of a few months
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which is of no consequence IV to be bold, audacious, daring; to make bold,

have the audacity to do s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to venture, risk, undertake, tackle (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.th.), set about s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to brave (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), embark boldly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon),
dare to engage (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in), venture upon s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to attack (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.) V
to precede (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th., in space and time), go before s.o. or
s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to head (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـﻢ‬a group of people), be at the head
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـﻢ‬of a group of people); to belong to an earlier, older time; to go
forward, move (for, ward), proceed (‫ ﳓﻮ‬toward), advance march (‫ ﳓﻮ‬against,
toward); to progress, make progress; to come on, come closer, move nearer
(‫ اﱃ‬to); to approach (‫ اﱃ‬s.o. or s.th.), accost (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to step up (‫ اﱃ‬to); to
present o.s. (‫ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ‬
‫ ﺑـﲔ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to), step before (‫ ﺑـﲔ ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ‬or ‫ ;)اﱃ‬o to meet, face (‫ل‬
or ‫ اﱃ‬an opposing team, in sports); to turn, apply (‫ ب ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o. with a
request); to submit (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o. ‫ ب‬s.th., e.g., a request); to order, direct,
commission (‫ ب اﱃ‬s.o. to do, to bring, etc., s.th.) | ‫ ﺗﻘـﺪم ﺑــﻪ‬to further,
Confidential
advance, promote, improve s.th.; ‫( ﺗﻘـﺪﻣﺖ ﺑـﻪ اﻟﺴـﻦ‬sinnu) to get older, be
advanced in years; ‫ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺗﻘـﺪم‬already mentioned; ‫ﻏﻔـﺮ ﷲ ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻘـﺪم ﻣـﻦ ذﻧﺒـﻪ وﻣـﺎ‬
‫( ﺧﺮ‬danbihī, ta’akkara) God has forgiven all his sins; ‫وﻗﺖ ﺑﻐﺪاد ﻣﺘﻘﺪم ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‬
‫ ﻣــﻦ وﻗــﺖ اور اﻟﻮﺳــﻄﻰ‬waqtu bagdada mutaqaddimun sā‘ataini ‘an waqti
ūrubbā l-wusṭā Baghdad time is two hours ahead of Central European time;
‫( ﺗﻘﺪم ﳓـﻮﻩ‬naḥwahū) to step up to s.o.; ‫ ﺗﻘـﺪم ﻣﻨـﻪ‬to approach s.o., head for s.o.;
‫ ﺗﻘﺪم ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬to submit o.s. to an examination VI to become antiquated, grow
obsolete, get out of date, become old, age | ‫( ﺗﻘـﺎدم‬zamanu) much time has
gone by (since); ‫‘( ﺗﻘـﺎدم ﻋﻬـﺪﻩ‬ahduhū) it happened long ago, it belongs to the
put, it is of early date X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to come, send (‫ ه‬for s.o.), summon
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻗـﺪم‬qidm time long since put, old times; ‫ ﻗـﺪﻣﺎ‬qidman in old(en) times, in
former times, once, of old, of yore
‫ ﻗــﺪم‬qidam time long since put, old times; remote antiquity, time
immemorial; oldness; ancientness; infinite pre-existence, sempiternity,
timelessness (of God); seniority | ‫ﻣﻨــﺬ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬ from times of old, by long
1216
tradition, of long standing; ‫( ﻗـﺪم ﻋﻬـﺪﻩ ب‬qidamu ‘ahdihī) his long, standing
familiarity with
‫ ﻗـﺪم‬qadam (usually f.) pl. ‫ اﻗـﺪام‬aqdām foot (also as a measure of length);
step ‫( ﻗـﺪم ﻣﻜﻌﺒـﺔ‬muka‘‘aba) cubic foot; ‫ ﲰـﺖ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬al-q. nadir (astron.); ‫اﺻـﺒﻊ‬
‫ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬iṣba‘ al-q. toe; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﺪﻣﻴـﻪ‬qadamaihi) on foot (of several: :(‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻷﻗـﺪام‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻃـﺮف ﻗﺪﻣﻴـﻪ‬on tiptoe; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗـﺪم اﳊـﺬر‬q. al-ḥadar) anxious, timid, fearful;
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪم اﻻﻫﺒﺔ واﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد‬q. il-uhba) in a state of extreme alertness; (‫ﺟﺮى )ﻗـﺎم‬
‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗـﺪم وﺳـﺎق‬wa-sāqin) to become fully effective, be in full progress, be in
full swing; ‫ﻗﺪم‬‫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ‬he has no part in ..., he is not involved in ...
‫ ﻗﺪم‬qudum: ‫( ﻣﻀﻰ )ﺳﺎر( ﻗﺪﻣﺎ‬quduman) to go straight ahead or forward
‫ ﻗﺪﱘ‬qadīm pl. ‫ ﻗـﺪﻣﺎء‬qudamā’2, ‫ ﻗـﺪاﻣﻰ‬qudāmā, ‫ ﻗـﺪاﺋﻢ‬qadā’im2 old, ancient;
antique; existing from time immemorial, eternally pre-existent, sempiternal;
‫ اﻟﻘـﺪﱘ‬the Infinitely Pre-existent, the Sempiternal, the Eternal (as an attribute
of God) | ‫ ﻗـﺪﳝﺎ‬qadīman or ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻘـﺪﱘ‬in old(en) times, in ancient times, in
Confidential
former times, once, of old, of yore; ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﱘ‬or ‫ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻘـﺪﱘ‬from times of old. by
long tradition, of long standing; ‫( ﻗـﺪﱘ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ ب‬q. al-‘ahd) of long familiarity
or acquaintance with, long familiar or acquainted with; of long-standing
experience in, long-experiensed in, (being) a long-time holder of; ‫دراﺳـﺎت‬
‫ ﻗﺪﳝﺔ‬classical studies
‫ ﻗﺪوم‬qudūm coming, advent, arrival
‫ ﻗـﺪوم‬qadūm pl. ‫ ﻗـﺪم‬qudum bold, audacious, daring, intrepid, undaunted,
courageous, brave, valiant
‫ ﻗﺪوم‬qadūm, qaddūm pl. ‫ ﻗﺪاﺋﻢ‬qadā’im2, ‫ ﻗﺪم‬qudum adz
‫ ﻗﺪام‬quddām fare part, front part; quddāma (prep.) in front of
‫ ﻗﻴﺪوم‬qaidūm prow, bow of a ship
‫ اﻗﺪم‬aqdam2 older, mare ancient; ‫ اﻻﻗﺪﻣﻮن‬the ancients
‫ اﻗﺪﻣﻴﺔ‬aqdamīya seniority
‫ ﻣﻘﺪم‬maqdam coming, advent; arrival
‫ ﻣﻘـﺪام‬miqdām bold, audacious, daring, intrepid, undaunted, courageous,
brave, valiant; a military rank, approx.: staff sergeant (Eg. 1939)
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‫ ﺗﻘــﺪﱘ‬taqdīm sending forward, sending off, dispatching, etc., see II;

presentation; submission, turning in, filing; offering up, oblation;
dedication; offer, proffer, tender, bid; memorial; (pl. ‫ﺗﻘــﺎدﱘ‬ taqādīm)
officially established guardianship (Tun.)
‫ ﺗﻘﺪﻣـﺔ‬taqdima offer, proffer, tender, bid; dedication; (social) introduction,
presentation; offering up, oblation, offertory (Chr.); (pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﻘـﺎدم‬taqādim2)
present, gift
‫ اﻗ ــﺪام‬iqdām boldness, audacity, daring, intrepidity, fearlessness,
undauntedness, stoutheartedness, pluck, courage, enterprise, initiative
‫ ﺗﻘـﺪم‬taqaddum precedence, priority; (ad)vantage, lead; advance, drive,
push; advancement, progression, progress
‫ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻲ‬taqaddumī progressive, progressionist
‫ ﺗﻘﺎدم‬taqādum: (‫ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ( ﺗﻘـﺎدم اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ‬t. al-‘ahd (az-zaman) progression or lapse
of time; ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬‫ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺎدم‬in the course of time
‫ ﻗـﺎدم‬qādim pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻗـﺪوم‬qudūm, ‫ ﻗـﺪام‬guddām one arriving, arriver, arrival,
newcomer; -- coming, next (e.g., year, month, and the like)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻘـﺪم‬muqaddim offerer, tenderer, presenter, giver, donor | ‫ ﻣﻘـﺪم اﻟﻄﻠـﺐ‬m.
aṭ-ṭalab applicant
‫ ﻣﻘـﺪم‬muqaddam put before s.th. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, prefixed, prefaced (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.),
anteceding, preceding (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); front, face; fore part, front part; prow, bow
(of a ship); o nose (of an airplane, and the like); antecedent of a proportion
(math.); overseer, supervisor; foreman; a military rank, approx.: major (Ir.,
U.A.R.); lieutenant colonel (formerly syr.); officially appointed legal
guardian (Tun.); administrator or trustee of a wakf estate (Tun.); ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻘـﺪم‬a
legal minor placed under officially established guardianship (Tun.); ‫ﻣﻘـﺪﻣﺎ‬
muqaddaman in advance, beforehand
‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣـﺔ‬muqaddima, muqaddama pl. -āt fore part, front part; front, face;
prow, bow (of a ship); foreground; foremost rank or line, forefront, head,
lead; advance guard, vanguard, van; foreword, preface, introduction,
prologue, proem, preamble; prelude; premise
‫ ﻣﺘﻘـﺪم‬mutaqaddim preceding, antecedent; moving forward, advancing;
well-advanced; (being) in front, ahead, in the fore part; foremost; aforesaid,
before-mentioned; advanced; senior (athlet.) | ‫اﳌﺘﻘــﺪم ذﻛــﺮﻩ‬ (dikruhū) the
aforesaid, the before-mentioned; ‫)ﻣﺘﻘ ـﺪم ﰲ اﻟﺴــﻦ )ﰲ اﻟﻌﻤــﺮ‬ (sinn, ‘umr)
advanced in age, well along in years, old; ‫ﻣﺘﻘــﺪم ﻋﻠــﻰ ا ﻧــﻪ‬ (ibbānihī)
1218
premature, precipitate, untimely; ‫( اﳌﺘﻘـﺪﻣﻮن واﳌﺘـﺄﺧﺮون‬wa-l-muta’akkirūn) the

earlier and the later = all
(‫ ﻗـﺪو‬and ‫ﻗـﺪي( ﻗـﺪا‬ qadā u (qadw) and ‫ﻗـﺪي‬ qadiya a (‫ ﻗـﺪى‬qadan, ‫ﻗـﺪاوة‬
qadāwa) to be tasty, savory (food) VIII to imitate, copy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.),
emulate (‫ ب‬s.o.), follow s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬model or example, be guided (‫ ب‬by)
‫ ﻗﺪوة‬qudwa, qidwa model, pattern, example, exemplar
‫ ﻗﺪي‬qadīy tasty, savory, palatable (food)
‫ اﻗﺘـﺪاء‬iqtidā’ imitation, emulation; ‫ اﻗﺘـﺪاء ب‬iqtidā’an bi following the
model or example of
‫ ﻗـﺬة‬qudda pl. ‫ ﻗـﺬذ‬qudad, ‫ ﻗـﺬاذ‬qidād feather of an arrow | ‫ﺣـﺬو اﻟﻘـﺬة ﻟﻘـﺬة‬
(ḥadwa) exactly identical, deceptively alike
‫ ﻗـﺬر‬qadira a (qadar) and qadura u (‫ ﻗـﺬارة‬qadāra) to be or become dirty,
unclean, filthy II to make dirty, soil, sully, contaminate, pollute, defile (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫـ‬
s.o., s.th.) X to find or deem (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) dirty, unclean, impure, filthy,
squalid
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺬر‬qadar uncleanliness, impurity; (pl. ‫ اﻗﺬار‬aqdār) dirt, filth, squalor
‫ ﻗﺬر‬qadir, qadr dirty, unclean, impure, filthy, squalid
‫ ﻗﺬر‬qadir dainty, fastidious, squeamish
‫ ﻗﺬارة‬qadāra dirtiness, uncleanliness, impurity, filthiness, squalidness
‫ ﻗــﺎذورة‬qādūra pl. -āt dirt, filth, squalor; rubbish, garbage; (moral)
defilement
‫ ﻣﻘﺎذر‬maqādir2 dirty things, dirt, filth
‫ ﻗـﺬع‬qada‘a a (qad‘) to defame, malign, vilify (‫ ه‬s.o.), backbite, wag an
evil tongue, make slanderous remarks
‫ ﻗـﺬف‬qadafa i (qadf) to throw, cast (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to throw away, discard
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fling, hurl, toss (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hurl down, toss down (‫ب‬
or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to push, shove (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to row, oar (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to eject, emit, discharge (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to expel (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ب‬s.o.,
s.th.); to evict, oust (‫ ب‬or‫ ه‬s.o.); to drop (‫ ب‬s.th.); to pelt (‫ ه‬,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o.
with); to defame, slander, calumniate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to accuse (‫ ب ه‬s.o. of),
charge (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to vomit | ‫ ﻗﺬﻓـﻪ ﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑـﻞ‬to bomb s.th., strafe s.th. with
1219
bombs; ‫اﻟﺸـﺘﺎﺋﻢ‬‫ ﻗﺬف ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬to hurl abusive language at s.o. II to row, oar VI to
pelt one another (‫ ب‬with); to throw to each other, throw back and forth (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to shove around, push around (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.) | ‫ﺗﻘﺎذﻓــﺖ ﺑــﻪ اﻷﻣـﻮاج‬
(amwāju) to be tossed about by the waves VII to be thrown, be cast, be
flung, be hurled, be tossed, be flung off
‫ ﻗــﺬف‬qadf defamation; calumny, slander, false accusation (esp., of
fornication; Isl. Law); rowing, oaring | ‫اﻟﻘ ــﺬف ﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑ ــﻞ‬ bombing,
bombardment; ‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺮة ﻗﺬف‬bomber
‫ ﻗﺬﰲ‬qadfī slanderous, libelous, defamatory
‫ ﻗﺬاف‬qaddāf: ‫( ﻃﻴﺎرة ﻗﺬاﻓﺔ‬ṭayyāra) bomber
‫ ﻗﺬﻳﻔـﺔ‬qadīfa pl. ‫ ﻗـﺬاﺋﻒ‬qada’if2 projectile; bomb; shell; fuse, detonator |
‫( ﻗﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻧﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬nassāfa) torpedo; ‫( ﻗﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻳﺪوﻳﺔ‬yadawīya) hand grenade
‫ ﻣﻘﺬف‬miqdaf pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎذف‬maqādif2 oar, paddle
‫ ﻣﻘﺬاف‬miqdāf pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎذﻳﻒ‬maqādīf2 oar, paddle
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻘﺬﻳﻒ‬taqdīf rowing, oaring
‫ ﻗﺎذﻓﺔ‬qādifa: ‫ ﻗﺎذﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑﻞ‬pl. ‫ ﻗﺎذﻓـﺎت اﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑـﻞ‬bomber; ‫ ﻗﺎذﻓـﺔ اﻟﻠﻬـﺐ‬q. al-lahab or
‫ ﻗﺎذﻓﺔ اﻟﻨﺎر‬flame thrower
‫ ﻣﻘـﺬوف‬maqdūf pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎذﻳﻒ‬maqādīf2 and ‫ ﻣﻘﺬوﻓـﺔ‬maqdūfa pl. -āt missile;
projectile
‫ ﻗﺬال‬qadāl pl. ‫ ﻗﺬل‬qudul, ‫ اﻗﺬﻟﺔ‬aqdila occiput
‫ ﻗﺬى‬IV: ‫‘( اﻗﺬى ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‬ainahū) to vex, annoy, gall s.o., cause s.o. worry
‫ ﻗـﺬى‬qadan (coll.; n. un. ‫ ﻗـﺬاة‬qadāh) s.th. that gets in one's eye or into a
beverage, a floating impurity, mote, speck; foreign body in the eye | ‫ﻗـﺬى ﰲ‬
‫‘( ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‬ainihī) an odious thing, approx.: an eyesore, a thorn in the flesh; ‫اﻏﻀﻰ‬
‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻘـﺬى‬agḍā) to bear annoyance patiently, grin and bear it, swallow the
bitter pill; ‫اﻟﻘﺬى‬ ‫( ﻏﻤﺾ ﺟﻔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬gammaḍa jufūnahū) do.
‫ ﻗﺬى‬qidan pl. ‫ اﻗﺬاء‬aqdā’ fine dust; pl. ‫ اﻗﺬاء‬particles floating in the air
‫ ﻗـﺮ‬qarra (1st pers. perf. qarartu) i, (1st pers. perf. qarirtu) a (‫ ﻗـﺮار‬qarār) to
settle down, establish o.s., become settled or sedentary, take up one's
residence, rest, abide, dwell, live, reside, remain, stay, linger (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in, at a
1220
place) | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( ﻗـﺮ اﻟـﺮأي‬ra’yu) it was decided to ..., the decision was reached to
…, a resolution was passed on s.th. or to the effect that; ‫( ﻗﺮ رأﻳﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ra’yuhū)
to resolve, determine on s.th., make up one’s mind to (do s.th.), decide,
make a decision for or on or to do s.th.; ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻘـﺮ ﻟـﻪ ﺣـﺎل‬to be flighty, be of
unstable temperament; ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘـﺮ ﻟـﻪ ﻗـﺮار‬ (qarār) to be restless, restive, uneasy,
wavering, undecided; -- qarra a i (qarr) to be cold, chilly, cool | ‫ﻗـﺮ ﻋﻴﻨـﺎ‬
(‘ainan) to be of good cheer; ‫‘( ﻗـﺮت ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ‬ainuhū) to be glad, be delighted (‫ب‬
at) II to settle, make sedentary (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.o. in, at a place), establish (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.th.
in); to fix, settle, appoint, assign, schedule, determine, stipulate, regulate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to decide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to determine, resolve, decide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to
confirm, establish, affirm, aver (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to report, relate, tell (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
make a report, give a paper (‫ ﻋﻦ‬on); to make a statement; to force s.o. (‫ )ه‬to
confess or acknowledge s.th. (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬or ‫)ب‬, make s.o. (‫ )ه‬confess or
acknowledge s.th. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ )ب‬IV to settle, make sedentary (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.o. in, at a
Confidential
place), establish (‫ﻫ ـ‬
down, seat (‫ ه‬s.o.,

‫ﰲ‬ s.th. in); to safeguard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to have (‫ ه‬s.o.) sit
‫ ﰲ‬in, in a seat); to set up, institute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to found,

establish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to install, instate (‫ ﰲ‬s.o. in an office); to confirm,
establish, affirm, aver (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to agree, consent (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to
acknowledge, own (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to confess, avow, admit (‫ ب‬s.th.), own (‫ب‬
to s.th.); to concede, grant (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.) | ‫‘( اﻗﺮ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‬ainahū) (to cool
s.o.’s eye =) to gladden, delight s.o. V to be fixed, be settled, be appointed,
be scheduled, be determined, be regulated, be stipulated, be decided; to
resolve itself (situation) X to settle down, establish o.s. become settled or
sedentary, take up one’s residence (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in. at a place); to come to rest
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in, at a place); to rest, abide, dwell, live, reside, remain, stay, linger
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in, at a place, ‫ اﱃ‬with s.o.); to be firmly embedded, got stuck, get
lodged (‫ ﰲ‬in); to be firm, solid, enduring, durable, lasting, stable; to become
stabilized, stabilize, be consolidated (situation, conditional; ultimately to
attain (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a state or condition), finally find a firm position (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in); to
become finally (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), ultimately turn into s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to be established,
1221
settled, fixed; to be stationary | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫( اﺳـﺘﻘﺮ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬kāṭiruhū) his mind dwelled

on …; ‫( اﺳـﺘﻘﺮ اﻟـﺮأي ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ra’yu) it was decided to the decision was reached to
...; a resolution was passed on s.th. or to the effect that; ‫اﺳـﺘﻘﺮ رأﻳـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
(ra’yuhū) to resolve, determine on s.th., make up one’s mind to (do s.th.),
decide, make a decision for or on or to do s.th.; ‫ اﺳـﺘﻘﺮ ﻟـﻪ اﻷﻣـﻮر‬his situation
had stabilized; ‫( ﻻ ﻳﺴــﺘﻘﺮ ﻟــﻪ ﻗـﺮار‬qarārun) to be restless, restive, uneasy,
wavering, undecided; ‫( ﱂ ﻧﺴـﺘﻘﺮ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﺎل‬ba‘du) we haven’t yet arrived at,
a lasting solution, we haven’t yet attained a definitive position; ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮ اﻣﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
he finally became ..., he ended up as ...; ‫ اﺳـﺘﻘﺮ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to be a positive fact
with s.o., be beyond doubt for s.o.; ‫( )اﺳـﺘﻘﺮ ﺑـﻪ اﳌﻘـﺎم )اﳌﻜـﺎن‬muqāmu, makānu)
to settle down permanently; to sit down; not to move from one’s seat; ‫اﺳـﺘﻘﺮ‬
‫ﺑـﻪ ا ﻠـﺲ‬ (majlisu) to sit down, get seated, take a seat; ‫اﺳـﺘﻘﺮ ﺑـﻪ اﳊـﺎل‬ to be
firmly established, be settled; to be in a secure position
‫ ﻗﺮ‬qarr cold, chilly, cool
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺮ‬qurr cold, coldness, chilliness, coolness
‫ ﻗﺮة‬qirra cold, coldness, chilliness, coolness
‫ﻗـﺮة اﻟﻌـﲔ‬ qurrat al-‘ain consolation for the eye; delight of the eye; joy,
pleasure, delight; darling; (bot.) cress
‫ ﻗﺮار‬qarār sedentariness, settledness, stationariness, sedentation; fixedness,
fixity; firmness, solidity; steadiness, constancy, continuance, permanency,
stability; repose, rest, stillness; duration; abode, dwelling, habitation;
residence; resting place; bottom (e.g., of a receptacle); depth (of the sea);
(pl. -āt) decision, resolution | ‫ﻻ ﻗـﺮار ﻟـﻪ‬ (lā qarāra) inconstant, changeable,
unstable; bottomless, unfathomable, immeasurable; ‫دار اﻟﻘـﺮار‬ the hereafter,

the world to come; O ‫ ﻗـﺮار اﳌﻮﺟـﻪ‬q. al-maujah wave trough (techn.); ‫ﻗـﺮارات‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬modifying regulations
‫ ﻗـﺮارة‬qarāra bottom; low ground, depression, depth | ‫( ﰲ ﻗـﺮارة اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬q. in-
nafs) in the depth of the heart
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺮ‬qarīr: ‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﲔ‬q. al-‘ain happy, gratified, delighted, glad
‫ ﻗﺎرورة‬qārūra pl. ‫ ﻗﻮارﻳﺮ‬qawārīr22 long-necked bottle
1222
‫ ﻣﻘــﺮ‬maqarr pl. ‫ ﻣﻘــﺎر‬maqārr2 abode, dwelling, habitation; residence;

storage place; seat center; site, place; station; position (at sea) | ‫اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ ‫ ﻣﻘـﺮ‬m.
al-‘amal place of employment; ‫ﻣﻘـﺮ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎدة‬ headquarters; ‫ﻣﻘـﺮ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔـﺔ‬ official
seat, seat of office
‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮ‬taqrīr establishment, settlement; fixation; appointment, assignment,
regulation, arrangement, stipulation; determination; decision; (pl. ‫ﺗﻘــﺎرﻳﺮ‬
taqārīr2) report, account | ‫اﳌﺼﲑ‬ ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬self-determination (pol.); ‫ﺣﻖ اﻟﺸـﻌﻮب ﰲ‬
‫( ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮ ﻣﺼـﲑﻫﺎ‬ḥaqq aš-š.) the right of peoples to self-determination; ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮ اﳊﺎﻟـﺔ‬
‫( اﳉﻮﻳﺔ‬gawwīya) weather report; ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬t. aš-šurṭa police report
‫ إﻗ ـﺮار‬iqrār settling, settlement (of nomads); setting up, institution,
establishment; foundation; installation, instatement; delivery of a
confirmation or assurance; confirmation, affirmation, averment; assurance;
acknowledgment; confession, avowal, admission
‫ اﺳــﺘﻘﺮار‬istiqrār sedentariness, settledness, stationariness, sedentation;
remaining, abiding, lingering, stay, sojourn; settling, settlement,
establishment; steadiness, constancy, continuance, permanency;
Confidential
strengthening, consolidation, stabilization, stability; repose, rest, stillness
‫ ﻗــﺎر‬qārr sedentary, settled, resident; standing, permanent; fixed,
stationary; cold, chilly, cool |
(magr.); ‫ﻗﺎرة‬
‫اﻷداءات )ﻏـﲑ( اﻟﻘـﺎرة‬ (adā’āt) (in)direct taxes
‫( ﳉﻨﺔ‬lajna) permanent committee, standing committee
‫ ﻗﺎرة‬qārra pl. -āt continent, mainland
‫ ﻣﻘﺮر‬muqarrir pl. -ūn reporter (in general and of a newspaper)
‫ ﻣﻘـﺮر‬muqarrar established, settled; fixed, determined, decided, appointed,
assigned, scheduled, regulated, stipulated, decreed; (pl. -āt) curriculum;
‫ ﻣﻘـﺮرات‬decisions | ‫ ﻣﻘـﺮر اﳌﻴﺰاﻧﻴـﺔ‬m. al-mīzānīya the proposed budget; ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﺔ ﻣﻘـﺮرة‬
accomplished fact; ‫ اﻣﻮال ﻣﻘﺮرة‬direct taxes
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺮ‬mustaqirr sedentary, settled, resident; firmly established, deep-
seated, deep-rooted; fixed, immobile, stationary; firm, solid, enduring,
durable, lasting, stable
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬mustaqarr abode, dwelling, habitation; residence; seat; resting place
‫ ﻗـﺮأ‬qara’a a (‫ ﻗـﺮاءة‬qirā’a) to declaim, recite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. the Koran; ‫ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
to s.o. s.th.); to read (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; ‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. s.th.); to peruse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
study (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬under s.o. s.th.) | ‫( ﻗـﺮأ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﺴـﻼم‬salāma) to greet, salute s.o.;
1223
to extend greeting, to s.o.; ‫ ﻗـﺮأ ﺣﺴـﺎﺑﻪ ل‬to reckon with s.th., take s.th. into
account; ‫( ﻗـﺮأ ﻟـﻪ اﻟـﻒ ﺣﺴـﺎب‬alfa ḥ.) to have a thousand apprehensions about
s.th. IV to make or have (‫ ه‬s.o.) read (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to teach (‫ ه‬s.o.) the art of
reciting (‫ ه‬s.th.); to teach (‫ ه‬s.o.) how to read (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫اﻟﺴـﻼم‬ ‫( اﻗـﺮأﻩ‬salāma)
to extend greetings to s.o. X to ask s.o. (‫ )ه‬to recite or read; to investigate,
examine, explore (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), search (‫ ﻫـ‬into s.th.); to study thoroughly (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺮء‬qur’ pl. ‫ ﻗﺮوء‬qurū’ menses, menstruation
‫ ﻗﺮاءة‬qirā’a pl. -āt recitation, recital (esp. of the Koran); reading (also, e.g.,
of measuring instruments; parl.); manner of recitation, punctuation and
vocalization of the Koranic text | ‫اﻟﻜﻒ‬ ‫ ﻗﺮاءة‬q. al-kaff chiromancy, palmistry
‫ اﻟﻘﺮآن‬al-qur’ān the Koran
‫ ﻗﺮآﱐ‬qur’ānī Koranic, of or pertaining to the Koran
‫ اﺳـﺘﻘﺮاء‬istiqrā’ pl. -āt investigation, examination, exploration; see also
under ‫ﻗﺮو‬
Confidential
‫ اﺳﺘﻘﺮاﺋﻲ‬istiqrā’ī see under ‫ﻗﺮو‬
‫ ﻗﺎرئ‬qārī’ pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻗﺮاء‬qurrā’ reciter (esp. of the Koran); reader | ‫ﻗـﺎرئ اﻟﻜـﻒ‬
q. al-kaff chiromancer, palmist
‫ ﻣﻘﺮوء‬maqrū’ read (past part.); legible, readable; worth reading
‫ ﻣﻘﺮئ‬muqri’ reciter of the Koran
‫ ﻗﺮاج‬qarāž pl. -āt (Saudi Arabian spelling) garage
‫ ﻣﻘﺮﺑـﺔ‬maqraba) to be near (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.o., to s.th.);
1‫ ﻗـﺮب‬qaruba u (qurb,
to come near, get close (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.o., to s.th.), close in (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬on s.o.,
on s.th.), approach
(‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.); to approximate (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); - qariba a to be near
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to come near, get close (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), close in
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.o., on s.th.), approach (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to approximate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to draw near, be coming on, approach | ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘـﺮب ﻣـﻦ‬yaqrubu) (with foll.
figure) approximately, about, some, circa II to cause or allow (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o.,
s.th.) to come near or get close (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.th.), make or let (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.) approach (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.), bring close (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬to s.th.),
1224
advance, move (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.; ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬toward s.th.), approximate (o s.th.;
‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to); to bring home (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o. s.th., e.g., an idea); to take as
associate or companion (‫ ﻣــﻦ ه‬s.o. for o.s.); to bring closer to
comprehension, reveal more fully (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), clarify the concept, facilitate the
understanding (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) ; to offer up, present (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to God as sacrifice);
(Chr.) to administer Communion (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to sheathe, put into the
scabbard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the sword) | ‫ﻗـﺮب ﺑﻴـﻨﻬﻢ‬ to bring people closer together, make
peace among people, reconcile people III to be near (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to
come near, come close, get close (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), close in (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬on
s.o., on s.th.), approach (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to approximate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be
almost equivalent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.), amount to almost the same thing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬as
s.th.); to be on the point (‫ ان‬of doing s.th.), be about (‫ ان‬to do s.th.); to bring
(close) together (‫– و‬ ‫ ﺑﲔ‬different things) V to approach (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o., s.th.),
Confidential
come or get near s.o., near s.th. (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫)اﱃ‬, come close, get close (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to
s.o.), gain access (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to seek to gain s.o.’s (‫ )اﱃ‬favor, curry
favor (‫ اﱃ‬with s.o.); (Chr.) to receive Communion VI to be or come near
each other, approach one another, approximate each other VIII to approach
(‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), come, advance, or get near s.o. or s.th. (‫)ﻣـﻦ‬, come close, get
close (‫ ﻣﻦ‬to) X to find near, regard as near (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻗـﺮب‬qurb nearness, closeness, proximity, vicinity; qurba (prep.) in the
vicinity of, near, toward | ‫ ﻗﺮب اﻟﻈﻬﺮ‬qurba ẓ-ẓuhr toward noon; ‫ ﺑﻘﺮب‬or ‫ﻟﻘﺮب‬
‫ ﻣﻦ‬in the vicinity of, near, close to; ‫ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮب‬from a short distance, from close
up
‫ ﻗﺮﺑﺔ‬qirba pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﺮب‬qirab waterskin; -- (pl. ‫ ﻗﺮب‬qirab) bagpipe
‫ ﻗـﺮﰉ‬qurbā relation, relationship, kinship | ‫ ذو اﻟﻘـﺮﰉ‬pl. ‫ ذوو اﻟﻘـﺮﰉ‬dawū l-q.
relative, relation
‫ ﻗﺮﻳــﺐ‬qarīb near (in place and time), nearby, close at hand; in the
neighborhood or vicinity (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬of s.o., of s.th.), close (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.o., to
s.th.), adjacent (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ to s.th.); easily understood, simple; (pl. ‫اﻗــﺮ ء‬
1225
aqribā’2) relative, relation; ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒـﺎ‬ qarīban soon, before long, shortly, in the
near future; recently, lately, not long ago, the other day | ‫ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬and ‫ﻋﻤـﺎ‬
‫‘( ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ‬ammā q.) soon, before long, shortly, in the near future; ‫ﻻ – ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ‬
‫ او ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ‬not -- in the least, not by a far cry; ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮﻳـﺐ اﻟﻌﺎﺟـﻞ‬in the immediate
future; ‫( ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ ﻣـﻦ اﳊﺴـﻦ‬ḥasan) fair, fairly good (as a school-report grade);
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ‬q. al-‘ahd recent, new, young; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﻬـﺪ ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ‬since recently, of late,
of a recent date; recently, lately, not long ago, the other day; ‫ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ ب‬
having adopted or acquired s.th. very recently; not long familiar or
acquainted with s.th., inexperienced at s.th., a novice in s.th.; ‫اﻟﺘﻨـﺎول‬ ‫ ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ‬q.
at-tanāwul easy to understand
‫ ﻗـﺮاب‬qirāb pl. ‫ ﻗـﺮب‬qurub, ‫ اﻗﺮﺑـﺔ‬aqriba sheath, scabbard (of a .word);
receptacle, container, case, etui, covering
‫ ﻗﺮاﺑﺔ‬qarāba relation, relationship, kinship
‫ ﻗﺮاﺑﺔ‬qurāba: ‫ ﻗﺮاﺑﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ اﻋﻮام‬qurabata talātati a‘wām almost three years
‫ ﻗـﺮ ن‬qurbān pl. ‫ ﻗـﺮاﺑﲔ‬qarābīn2 sacrifice, offering, immolation, oblation;
Confidential
Mass (Chr.); Eucharist (Chr.) | ‫ ﻗـﺮ ن اﻟﺸـﻜﺮ‬q. aš-šukr thank offering; ‫ﻋﻴـﺪ‬
‫‘ اﻟﻘـﺮ ن‬īd al-q. Corpus Christi (Chr.); ‫( ﺗﻨــﺎول اﻟﻘــﺮ ن‬tanāwala) to receive
Communion (Chr.); ‫ رﻓـﻊ اﻟﻘـﺮ ن ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫( ﻗـﺪم اﻟﻘـﺮ ن ﻋﻠـﻰ‬qaddama) to read Mass
for s.o. (Chr.)
‫ ﻗﺮ ﻧﺔ‬qurbāna Host; Communion (Chr.)
‫ اﻗـﺮب‬aqrab2 nearer, nearest, next; more probable, more likely; probable,
likely; pl. ‫اﻗﺮﺑـﻮن‬ aqrabūn, ‫اﻗـﺎرب‬ aqārib2 relations, relatives |‫اﻗـﺮب اﱃ اﻟﻔﻬـﻢ‬
(fahm) easier to understand, more comprehensible; ‫ﻫــﻢ اﻗــﺮب اﱃ اﻟﺼــﺤﺔ‬
‫( ))اﻟﺼـﻮاب‬ṣiḥḥa, ṣawab) it is quite probable, it is fairly correct, it is rather
exact, it comes fairly close to the troth; ‫)ﳑﻜـﻦ‬ ‫ )ﰲ اﻗـﺮب وﻗـﺖ‬fī aqrabi waqtin
(mumkinin) or ‫ﻗـﺮب ﻣـﺎ ﳝﻜـﻦ‬ (yumkinu) as soon as possible, in the shortest
time possible
‫ ﻣﻘﺮب‬maqrab pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎرب‬maqārib2 nearest or shortest way, short cut
1226
‫ ﻣﻘﺮﺑــﺔ‬maqraba, maqruba nearness, closeness, proximity, vicinity; (pl.

‫ ﻣﻘﺎرب‬maqārib2) nearest or shortest way, short cut | ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ‬nearby, close at
hand; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ‬in the vicinity of, near, close to
‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺐ‬taqrīb approximation | ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺎ‬taqrīban, ‫ ﺑﻮﺟـﻪ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳـﺐ‬,‫ ﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳـﺐ‬bi-wajh t-
t. or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳـﺐ‬approximately, almost, nearly, roughly, about; ‫ﳏﺴـﻮس ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﺎ‬
just barely perceptible
‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﱯ‬taqrībī approximate, approximative
‫ ﺗﻘﺮب‬taqarrub approach; approximation (‫ ﻣﻦ‬to)
‫ ﺗﻘﺎرب‬taqārub mutual approach; mutual approximation; rapprochement
‫ اﻗﱰاب‬iqtirāb approach; approximation
‫ ﻣﻘﺮب‬muqarrab pl. -ūn close companion, favorite, protégé, intimate
‫ ﻣﻘــﺎرب‬muqārib approximate, approximative, estimated; mediocre,
medium, of medium quality
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرب‬mutaqārib close together, following in close intervals, consecutive,
successive, subsequent; ‫ اﳌﺘﻘﺎرب‬name of a poetical meter
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺎرب‬qārib pl. ‫ ﻗﻮارب‬qawārib2 boat, skiff | ‫ ﻗﺎرب‬q. az-zubda (eg.) sauceboat
for melted butter; ‫( ﻗـﺎرب‬musallaḥ) gunboat; ‫ ﻗـﺎرب اﻟﻨﺠـﺎة‬q. an-najāh lifeboat;
‫ ﻗﺎرب اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم‬mine sweeper; ‫ ﻗﺎرب ري‬motorboat
‫ ﻗﻮارﰊ‬qawāribī boatman
‫ ﻗﺮﺑﻮس‬qarabūs (qarbūs) pl. ‫ ﻗﺮاﺑﻴﺲ‬qarābīs2 saddlebow
‫ ﻗﺮﺑﻴﻨﺔ‬qarabīna pl. -āt carbine
‫ ﻗـﺮح‬qaraḥa a (qarḥ) to wound (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- qariḥa a (qaraḥ) to ulcerate,
fester; to be covered with ulcers, be ulcerous II to wound (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to
ulcerate, fester; to be covered with ulcers, be ulcerous VIII to invent,
originate, think up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to improvise, extemporize, deliver off-hand (‫ ﻫـ‬a
speech); to demand in a brash or imperious manner (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ of s.o.

s.th.); to propose, suggest (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺮح‬garḥ pl. ‫ ﻗﺮوح‬qurūḥ wound; ulcer, sore
‫ ﻗﺮح‬qariḥ covered with ulcers, ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating, festering
1227
‫ ﻗﺮﺣﺔ‬qarḥa pl. ‫ ﻗﺮح‬qiraḥ ulcer, sore; abscess, boil | ‫( اﻟﻘﺮﺣـﺔ اﻟﺮﺧـﻮة‬rakwa) soft
chancre, chancroid (med.)
‫ ﻗﺮاح‬qarāḥ pure, limpid, clear (esp. water)
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺢ‬qarīḥ pure, limpid, clear (esp. water)
‫ ﻗﺮﳛـﺔ‬qarīḥa pl. ‫ ﻗـﺮاﺋﺢ‬qarā’iḥ2 natural disposition, innate disposition, bent;
genius, talent, gift, faculty
‫ ﺗﻘﺮح‬taqarruḥ ulceration
‫ اﻗـﱰاح‬iqtirāḥ invention, improvisation; (pl. -āt) proposition, proposal,
suggestion; motion
‫ ﻣﻘﺮح‬muqarraḥ covered with ulcers, ulcerous, ulcerated
‫ ﻣﺘﻘـﺮح‬mutaqarriḥ covered with ulcers, ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating,
festering
‫ ﻣﻘﱰح‬muqtaraḥ pl. -āt proposition, proposal, suggestion; motion
‫ ﻗﺮد‬qird pl. ‫ ﻗﺮدة‬qirada, ‫ ﻗﺮود‬qurūd ape, monkey
‫ ﻗﺮد‬qurd (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬tick (zool.)
‫ ﻗﺮاد‬qurād (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻗﺮدان‬qirdān tick, ticks (zool.) | ‫ اﺑﻮ ﻗـﺮدان‬abū q.
Confidential
(eg.) white egret (zool.)
‫ ﻣﻘﺮود‬maqrūd exhausted
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺪس‬quraidis (syr.) shrimp (zool.)
‫ ﻗـﺮس‬qarasa a (qaras) to he severe, fierce, biting, grim (the cold) II to
freeze, make torpid, (be)numb, nip (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.; of the cold)
‫ ﻗـﺎرس‬qāris severe, fierce, biting, grim (of the cold); very cold, bitterly
cold, freezing, frozen
‫ ﻗﺮش‬qaraša i u (qarš) to gnash, grind (one’s teeth); to nibble, crunch, chew
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- qaraša i (qarī), II and VIII to earn money, make a living (‫ ﻟﻌﻴﺎﻟـﻪ‬li-
‘iyālihī for one’s family)
‫ ﻗـﺮش‬qirš shark (zool.); (pl. ‫ ﻗـﺮوش‬qurūš) piaster | ‫( ﻗـﺮش ﺻـﺎغ‬eg., = ½ Eg.
pound) standard piaster; ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬
‫( ﻗﺮش‬eg., = ½ ‫ )ﻗﺮش ﺻﺎغ‬little piaster
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬quraiš Koreish, name of an ‫ﻫـ‬rab tribe in ancient Mecca
‫ ﻗﺮﺷﻲ‬qurašī of, pertaining to, or belonging to the Koreish tribe; Koreishite
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‬qarīš, ‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺸﺔ‬qarīša sour cheese
‫ ﻣﻘﺮش‬muqriš rich, well-to-do, prosperous, wealthy, moneyed
1228
‫ ﻗﺮص‬qaraṣa u (qarṣ) to pinch, nip, tweak (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to scratch (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to bite, sting (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a gnat, flea, and the like) | ‫ﺑﻠﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫( ﻗﺮﺻﻪ‬bi-
lisānihī to hurt s.o. with words II to pinch or nip sharply, tweak (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to scratch all over (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to shape into round, flat loaves
(‫ اﻟﻌﺠﲔ‬the dough)
‫ ﻗـﺮص‬qurṣ pl. ‫ اﻗـﺮاص‬aqrāṣ round, flat loaf of bread; (flat, circular) plate,
disk, discus; phonograph record, disc; sheave, pulley (mech.); tablet,
pastille, lozenge, troche | ‫ﻗـﺮص اﻷرﻗـﺎم‬ dial (of a telephone); ‫اﻗـﺮاص ﻋﺠـﻮة‬ a.
‘ajwa a pastry mode of rich dough with almonds and date paste (syr.); ‫ﻗـﺮص‬
‫ﻋﺴـﻞ‬ q. ‘asal honeycomb; ‫ﺟﻠـﺐ اﻟﻨـﺎر ﻟﻘﺮﺻـﻪ‬ (nāra) approx.: to feather one’s
nest, have an eye out for one’s own interest, know on which side one’s
bread is buttered
‫ ﻗﺮﺻﻲ‬qurṣī: ‫ ﻗﺮﺻﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬q. aš-šakl disk-like, disk-shaped, discoid, discous
‫ ﻗﺮﺻﺔ‬qurṣa pl. ‫ ﻗﺮص‬quraṣ round, flat loaf of bread
‫ ﻗﺮﺻﺔ‬qarṣa pl. qaraṣāt pinch, nip, tweak; bite, sting (of s gnat, lies, and the
Confidential
like); crowbar, pinch bar, handspike, lever
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺺ‬qurraiṣ stinging nettle (Urtica urens L.; bot.)
‫ ﻗﺮاﺻﺔ‬qarrāṣa pincers, nippers
‫ ﻗﺮاﺻﻴﺔ‬qarāṣīya (syr.) small, black plums; (eg.) prunes
‫ ﻗـﺎرص‬qāriṣ, biting; stinging; painful, nipping, tormenting (e.g., cold) |
‫ ﻗﻮارص اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬q. al-kalimāt biting words
‫ ﻗﺮﺻﻨﺔ‬qarṣana piracy, robbery on the high seas freebooting
‫ ﻗﺮﺻﺎن‬qurṣān pl. ‫ ﻗﺮاﺻﻦ‬qarāṣin2, ‫ ﻗﺮاﺻﲔ‬qarāṣīn2 corsair, pirate, freebooter
‫ ﻗـﺮض‬qaraḍ i (qarḍ) to cut, sever, cut off, clip (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to gnaw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or
on s.th.), nibble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or at s.th.), bite, champ (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), eat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into s.th.),
corrode (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻗـﺮض ر ﻃـﻪ‬ (ribāṭahū) to die; ‫ﻗـﺮض اﻟﺸـﻌﺮ‬ (ši‘ra) to write
poetry, make verses II = I; IV to loan, lend, or advance, money (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
lend (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. s.th.) VI ‫( ﺗﻘﺎرﺿﻮا اﻟﺜﻨﺎء‬tanā’a) they competed in the recital of
eulogies VII to die out; to become extinct; to perish VIII to raise a loan (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
with), borrow (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from) X to ask for a loan (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.o.)
1229
‫ ﻗﺮض‬qarḍ (qirḍ) pl. ‫ ﻗﺮوض‬qurūḍ loan | ‫( ﻗـﺮض ﺣﺴـﻦ‬ḥasan) interest-free loan

with unstipulsted due dste; ‫ﻗـﺮض ﻣـﺎﱄ‬ (mālī) (monetary) loan; ‫اﺳـﻬﻢ اﻟﻘـﺮض‬
ashum al-q. bonds
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺾ‬qarīḍ poetry
‫ ﻗﺮاﺿﺔ‬qurāḍa pl. -āt chips, shreds, parings, shavings, scraps; iron filings
‫ ﻗﺮاﺿﺔ‬qarrāḍa clothes moth
‫ ﻣﻘﺮاض‬miqrāḍ pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎرﻳﺾ‬maqārīḍ2 scissors
‫ اﻧﻘﺮاض‬inqirāḍ dying out, gradual disappearance; extinction
‫ اﻗﱰاض‬iqtirāḍ loan
‫ اﺳﺘﻘﺮاض‬istiqrāḍ raising of a loan; loan
‫ اﻟﻘﻮارض‬al-qawāriḍ the rodents
‫ ﻣﻘﺮض‬muqriḍ pl. -ūn moneylender; lender
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺮض‬munqariḍ extinct, exterminated, perished
‫ ﻗﺮط‬qaraṭa u (qarṭ) to cut into small pieces, chop, mince (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II do.; to
snuff, trim (‫ ﻫـ‬a candle, a wick); to squeeze (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); (eg.) to urge, ply (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
Confidential
s.o.); to be stern, be strict (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.); to beset, harass, press hard (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.o.); to give little (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.), be illiberal, be stingy (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.), scrimp
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ ﻗـﺮط‬qurṭ pl. ‫ اﻗـﺮاط‬aqrāṭ, ‫ ﻗـﺮاط‬qirāṭ, ‫ ﻗـﺮوط‬qurūṭ earring; eardrop, pendant for
the ear
‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﻄﺔ‬taqrīṭa pl. ‫ ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﻂ‬taqārīṭ2 wrapper worn by women (tun.)
2‫ ﻗﲑاط‬pl. ‫ ﻗﺮارﻳﻂ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻗﺮﻃﺎﺟﻨﺔ‬see ‫ﻗﺮﻃﺠﻨﺔ‬
‫ ﻗﺮﻃﺎس‬qirṭās pl. ‫ ﻗﺮاﻃﻴﺲ‬qarāṭīs2 paper; sheet of paper; paper bag
‫ ﻗﺮﻃﺒﺔ‬qurṭuba2 Cordova (city in Spain)
‫ ﻗﺮﻃﺠﻨﺔ‬qarṭajanna2, ‫ ﻗﺮﻃﺎﺟﻨﺔ‬Carthage
‫ ﻗﺮﻃﺲ‬qarṭas paper; sheet of paper
‫ ﻗﺮﻃﻢ‬qarṭama to cut off, clip (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺮﻃﻢ‬qirṭim, qurṭum safflower (Carthamus tinctorius; bot.)
‫ ﻗﺮﻃﻤﺎن‬qurṭumān oats
1230
‫ ﻗـﺮظ‬II to praise, commend, laud, extol, acclaim (‫ ه‬s.o.); to eulogize (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.), lavish praise (‫ ﻫـ‬on)
‫ ﻗﺮظ‬qaraẓ pods of a species of sant tree (Acacia nilotica; bot.)
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﻆ‬qarīẓ eulogy, encomium, panegyric
‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﻆ‬taqrīẓ pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﻆ‬taqārīẓ2 eulogy, encomium, panegyric
‫ ﻗـﺮع‬qara‘a a (qar‘) to knock, rap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at s.th.); to hit, bump (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or
against s.th.); to strike, beat, thump (‫ ﻫ ـ‬against s.th.; ‫ه‬ ,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. with;
‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.th. on or s.th. else); to thrash. spank (‫ ب ه ه‬s.o. with); to
clink, touch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬glasses); to ring, sound (e s.th.); -- qari‘a (qara‘) to be or
become bald(headed); to be empty, bare, stark (place) | ‫اﳉـﺮس‬ ‫( ﻗـﺮع‬jarasa) to
ring the bell; ‫ﲰﻌﻪ‬ ‫( ﻗﺮع‬sam‘ahū) to reach s.o.’s ear; ‫( ﻗﺮع ﺳﻨﻪ‬sinnahū) to gnash
one’s teeth; ‫( )ﻗـﺮع ﺳـﻦ اﻟﻨـﺪم ل )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬sinna n-nadam) to repent s.th.; ‫ﻗﺮﻋـﻪ ﺿـﻤﲑﻩ‬
ḍamīrahū) his conscience tormented or smote him, he had a guilty
conscience, he felt grave compunctions; ‫( ﻗـﺮع اﻟﻜـﺄس‬ka’sa) to touch glasses,
Confidential
drink to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬health II to scold, chide, opbraid (‫ ه‬s.o.), snap (‫ ه‬at s.o.);
to rebuke, blame, censure (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to fight, come to blows (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
bottle, fight (‫ ه‬s.o.); to contend by force of arms (‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ه‬with s.o. for s.th.); to
cast or draw lots (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to hump against each other, clash; to cast
lots among each other (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for) VIII to cast lots among each other (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for);
to vote, take a vote (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to draw lots (‫ ه‬for s.o.). choose by lot (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to muster, recruit (‫ ه‬s.o.; mil.); to elect (‫ﻫـ‬, s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺮع‬qar‘ knock(ing), rap(ping), beating, striking, thumping; ring(ing)
‫ ﻗـﺮع‬qar‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬gourd, pumpkin | ‫( ﻗـﺮع ﺻـﺮوف‬eg.) bottle gourd,
calabash (Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.; bot.); ‫ ﻗﺮع ﻛﻮﺳﻰ‬q. kūsā (eg., syr.) zucchini
(bot.)
‫ ﻗﺮع‬qara‘ boldness, boldheadedness; emptiness, bareness, starkness
‫ ﻗﺮﻋـﺔ‬qar‘a (n. vic.) knock, rap, blow, stroke, thump; -- (n. un.) gourd,
pumpkin; skull, head
‫ ﻗﺮﻋﻲ‬qar‘ī gourd-, pumpkin- (in compounds), cucurbitaceous
1231
‫ ﻗﺮﻋـﺔ‬qur‘a pl. ‫ ﻗــﺮع‬qura‘ lot; ballot; lot-casting; (mil.) conscription,

recruitment (by lot), balloting | ‫ﻗﺮﻋـﺔ ﻋﺴـﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ (‘askarīya) enlistment, draft,
recruitment (mil.); ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ اﻧﻔﺎر‬drafted recruits
‫ ﻗﺮاع‬qurā‘, ‫ ﻣﺮض اﻟﻘﺮاع‬maraḍ al-qurā‘ a skin disease, ringworm (med.)
‫ ﻗﺮﻳـﻊ‬qar‘ exquisite, select | ‫ ﻗﺮﻳـﻊ اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ‬q. ad-dahr the greatest hero of his
time
‫ اﻗﺮع‬aqra‘2 bald; baldheaded; empty, bare, stark; scabby, scurfy
‫ ﻣﻘﺮﻋﺔ‬miqra‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎرع‬maqāri‘2 knocker, rapper (of a door); whip, switch;
cudgel, club
‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﻊ‬taqrī‘ chiding, scolding, reproof, rebuke, censure
‫ ﻣﻘﺎرﻋﺔ‬muqāra‘a fight, struggle (with genit. = against)
‫ اﻗـﱰاع‬iqtirā‘ pl. -āt balloting, recruitment, draft (mil.); vote (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on);
election
‫ ﻗﺎرﻋـﺔ‬qāri‘a pl. ‫ ﻗـﻮارع‬qawāri‘2 (sudden) misfortune, calamity; adversity;
‫اﻟﻘﺎرﻋـﺔ‬ the hour of the Last Judgment | ‫ﻗﺎرﻋـﺔ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬ middle of the road,
Confidential
roadway; road, highway; ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎرﻋﺔ‬ṭuruq) on the open road
‫ ﻗـﺮف‬qarafa i (qarf) to peel, pare, bark, derind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- qarifa a (qaraf)
to loathe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), feel disgust (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), be nauseated (‫ ﻫ ـ‬by) II to peel, pare,
bark, derind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be loathsome, arouse disgust III to let o.s. be

tempted (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a sin), yield (e to a desire) VIII to commit, perpetrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
crime)
‫ ﻗﺮف‬qaraf loathing, disgust, detestation
‫ ﻗﺮﻓﺔ‬qirfa pl. ‫ ﻗﺮف‬qiraf rind, bark, skin, crust; scab, scurf; cinnamon
‫ ﻗﺮاﻓـﺔ‬qarāfa (eg.) cemetery, specif., graveyard below the Mokattam Hills
near Cairo
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬qarīfa ill humor, ill temper
‫ ﻗﺮﻓﺎن‬qarfān (eg.) disgusted, nauseated, sink and tired
‫ اﻗﱰاف‬iqtirāf commission, perpetration (of a crime)
‫ ﻣﻘﺮف‬muqrif loathsome, disgusting, nauseating, repulsive, detestable
‫ ﻣﻘﱰف‬muqtarif perpetrator (of a crime)
1232
‫ ﻗـﺮﻓﺺ‬qarfaṣa to squat on the ground (with thighs against the stomach and
arms enfolding the legs)
‫ ﻗﺮﻓﺼــﺎء‬qurfuṣā’2 squatting, squatting position | ‫ﺟﻠــﺲ )ﻗﻌــﺪ( اﻟﻘﺮﻓﺼــﺎء‬
(qurfuṣā’a) to squat on one’s heels
‫ ﻗﺮﻓﺎل‬qarfāl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬vetch
‫ ﻗﺮق‬qaraqa u (qarq) to cluck (hen)
‫ ﻗﺮﻗﺬان‬qarqadān squirrel
‫ ﻗﺮﻗﺮ‬qarqara (‫ ﻗﺮﻗﺮة‬qarqara) to roll; to rumble (stomach); to bray (camel); to
coo (pigeon); to purr (cat)
‫ ﻗﺮﻗـﺮة‬qarqara pl. ‫ ﻗﺮاﻗـﺮ‬qarāqir2 rumbling noise (in the stomach); gurgle;
braying (of a camel); cooing (of a pigeon); purr(ing) (of a cat)
‫ ﻗﺮﻗﻮش‬qarqūš pl. ‫ ﻗﺮاﻗﻴﺶ‬qarāqīš2 cartilage
‫ ﻗﺮﻗﻮﺷﺔ‬qarqūša pl. ‫ ﻗﺮاﻗﻴﺶ‬qarāqīš2 (eg.) a kind of crisp cookies
‫ ﻣﻘﺮﻗﺶ‬muqarqaš (eg.) crisp(ed)
‫ ﻗـﺮﻗﺾ‬qarqaḍa (eg.) to gnaw, bite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.) | ‫ ﻗـﺮﻗﺾ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﺳـﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬to gnash
Confidential
one’s teeth
‫ ﻗﺮﻗـﻊ‬qarqa‘a to be noisy, boisterous; to creak, grate; to crack, pop | ‫ﻗﺮﻗـﻊ‬
‫ ﺿﺎﺣﻜﺎ ) ﻟﻀﺤﻚ‬or) (ḍaḥk) to burst into loud laughter, laugh noisily, guffaw;
‫( ﻗﺮﻗﻊ ﺑﺴﻮﻃﻪ‬bi-sauṭihī) to crack the whip
‫ ﻗﺮﻗﻌـﺔ‬qarqa‘a uproar, din, noise; creaking, creaks, grating; crack(ing),
pop(ping); rumble, rumbling
‫ ﻗﺮﻗـﻮز‬qaraqōz (from Turk. karagöz) chief character of the Turkish shadow
play
‫ ﻗﺮﻗﻮل‬see ‫ﻗﺮة ﻗﺮﻗﻮل‬
1‫ ﻗﺮم‬qarama i (qarm) to gnaw (‫ ﻫـ‬on s.th.), nibble (‫ ﻫـ‬at s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺮم‬qarm pl. ‫ ﻗﺮوم‬qurūm studhorse; lord, master

‫ ﻗﺮام‬qirām blanket, carpet, curtain
‫ ﻣﻘﺮم‬miqram pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎرم‬maqārim2 bedcover, bedspread.
2 ‫ ﻗﺮﻣـﺔ‬qurma pl. ‫ ﻗـﺮم‬quram (eg.) tree stump; log, block of wood; chopping
block
3‫ اﻟﻘﺮم‬al-qirim and ‫ اﻟﻘﺮﱘ‬al-qirīm the Crimea
1233
‫ ﻗﺮﻣـﺪ‬qarmada to plaster, coat with plaster (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tile, cover with tile
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺮﻣﺪ‬qarmad (coll.) plaster; plaster of Paris
‫ ﻗﺮﻣﻴـﺪ‬qirmīd (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻗﺮاﻣﻴـﺪ‬qarāmīd2 (fired) brick, roof tile;
plaster of Paris
‫ ﻗﺮﻣـﺰ‬qirmiz kermes (the dried bodies of the female kermes insect, coccus
ilicis, which yield a red dyestuff)
‫ ﻗﺮﻣـﺰي‬qirmizī crimson, carmine; scarlet | ‫( اﳊﻤـﻰ اﻟﻘﺮﻣـﺰي‬ḥummā) scarlet
fever (med.)
‫ ﻗﺮﻣﺶ‬qarmaša (eg.) to eat s.th. dry (‫)ﻫـ‬, crunch, nibble
‫ ﻣﻘﺮﻣﺶ‬muqarmaš dry, crisp
1‫ ﻗﺮﻣﻄﻲ‬qarmaṭī Karmathian (adj. and n.); pl. ‫ ﻗﺮاﻣﻄﺔ‬qarāmiṭa Karmathians
2‫ ﻗﺮﻣﻮط‬qarmūṭ pl. ‫ ﻗﺮاﻣﻴﻂ‬qarāmīṭ2 a variety of sheatfish (zool.; Eg.)
‫ ﻗـﺮن‬qarana i (qarn) to connect, link, join, unite, combine, associate (‫ اﱃ‬or

‫ب ﻫـ‬ s.th. with); to add (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫اﱃ‬ s.th. to); to couple, yoke together, hitch
Confidential
together, put together, bind together (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to unite, join forces,
associate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be simultaneous, go hand in hand (‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.); to
compare (‫ه‬ ,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ وﺑـﲔ‬-- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬s.o., s.th. with; ‫ ﺑـﲔ ﺷـﻴﺌﲔ‬two things with
one another), draw a parallel (‫وﺑـﲔ‬-- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between -- and; ‫ ﺑـﲔ ﺷـﻴﺌﲔ‬between
two things) IV to combine, interrelate (‫ ﺑـﲔ ﺷـﻴﺌﲔ‬two things) VIII to be
connected, be linked, be joined, be united, be combined, be associated (‫ب‬
with); to combine, associate, unite (‫ ب‬with); to get married, be married (‫ب‬
to), marry (‫ ب‬s.o.); to be coupled, be interconnected, be yoked together, be
tied together, be bound together; to become interlinked, become concatenate
X to ripen, suppurate, come to a head (of a furuncle)
‫ ﻗـﺮن‬qarn pl. ‫ ﻗـﺮون‬qurūn horn (of an animal; as a wind instrument); feeler,
tentacle, antenna; top, summit, peak (of a mountain); the lint visible part of
the rising sun; capsule, pod (bot.); century | ‫اﻟﻘﺮن‬ ‫ ام‬rhinoceros; ‫ وﺣﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﺮن‬do.;
‫ذو اﻟﻘـﺮﻧﲔ‬ dū l-qarnain the two-horned (an epithet given to Alexander the
1234
Great); ‫ ﻗـﺮن اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬q. al-baḥr coral; ‫( ﻗـﺮن ﲰﻌـﻲ‬sam‘ī) ear trumpet (= Fr, cornet
acoustique); ‫( اﻟﻘﺮون اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬wusṭā) the Middle Ages
‫ ﻗـﺮﱐ‬qarnī horny, corneous, of born, hornlike; leguminous, pertaining to,
or of the nature of, legumes; centennial, centenary
‫ ﻗﺮﻧﻴﺔ‬qarnīya cornea (anat.)
‫ ﻗـﺮن‬qirn pl. ‫ اﻗـﺮان‬aqrān (matched) opponent in battle; an equal, a peer, a
match; companion, mate, fellow, associate; equal, like
‫ ﻗﺮﻧﺔ‬qurna pl. ‫ ﻗﺮن‬quran, ‫ ﻗﺮاﱐ‬qurānī salient angle, nook, corner
‫ ﻗـﺮﻳﻦ‬qarīn pl. ‫ ﻗـﺮ ء‬quranā’2 connected, joined, linked, combined, united,
associated, affiliated; companion, mate, fellow, associate, comrade;
husband, spouse, consort; qarīna (prep.) in connection with, in conjunction
with, upon, at | ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻄـﻊ اﻟﻘـﺮﻳﻦ‬ munqaṭi‘ al-q. matchless, peerless, unrivaled,
incomparable, unique, singular
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﻨـﺔ‬qarīna pl. -āt wife, spouse, consort; female demon haunting women,
specif., a childbed demon; eclampsia (med.); -- (pl. ‫ ﻗﺮاﺋﻦ‬qarā’in) connection,
conjunction, union, relation, affiliation, association, linkage; (semantic or
Confidential
syntactical) coherence, context; evidence, indication, indicium |
(sayyida) his wife (formal style);
circumstances, the indicia, factual evidence;

combination
‫ﻗ ـﺮاﺋﻦ اﻷﺣ ـﻮال‬
‫اﻟﺴـﻴﺪة ﻗﺮﻳﻨﺘـﻪ‬
the concatenation of
‫ﺿــﻢ ﻗﺮﻳﻨــﺔ اﱃ ﻗﺮﻳﻨــﺔ‬ (ḍamm)
‫ اﻗـﺮن‬aqran2, f. ‫ ﻗـﺮ ء‬qarnā’2 horned, horny; one with eyebrows grown

together | ‫ﻗﺮن‬ ‫( ﺣﻴﺔ‬ḥayya) cerastes, horned viper
‫ ﻗـﺮان‬qirān close union, close connection: conjunction (astron.); marriage,
wedding
‫ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧـﺔ‬muqārana pl. -āt comparison | ‫ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧـﺔ اﻟﻠﻐـﺎت‬m. al-lugāt comparative
linguistics
‫ اﻗﱰان‬iqtirān connection, conjunction, union, association, affliliation; link,
connectedness, simultaneous interaction; conjunction (astron.); new moon
(as an astronomical aspect); marriage, wedding
‫ ﻣﻘـﺮون‬maqrūn connected, joined, linked, combined, united, associated,
affiliated (‫ ب‬with) | ‫اﳊﺎﺟﺒﲔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻘﺮون‬m. al-ḥājibain having joined eyebrows
‫ ﻣﻘﺎرن‬muqārin comparative (science)
‫ ﻗﺮﻧﺒﻴﻂ‬qarnabīṭ cauliflower
1235
‫ ﻗﺮﻧﻔﻞ‬quranful carnation; clove

‫( ﻗﺮﻩ ﺟﻮز‬Eg. spelling; pronounced ’aragōz) Karagōz, chief character of the
shadow play; Punch
‫ ﻗـﺮﻩ ﻗـﻮل‬qaraqōl pl. -āt police station; guard (military, police) | ‫ﻗـﺮﻩ ﻗـﻮل‬
‫ اﻟﺸﺮف‬q. aš-šaraf guard of honor
‫ ﻗـﺮو‬V to follow up, investigate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), inquire (. into); to check. verify
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) X to follow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to pursue (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., a problem); to examine,
study, investigate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to explore (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺮو‬qano pl. J) qurllw watering trough | ‫ ﺧﺸﺐ ﻗﺮو‬kašab q. oak (wood)
‫ اﺳﺘﻘﺮاء‬istiqrā’ induction (philos.); see also under ‫ﻗﺮأ‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻘﺮاﺋﻲ‬istiqrā’ī inductive (philos.)
‫ ﻗﺮواﻃﻴﺎ‬qaruwāṭiya Croatia
‫ ﻗﺮواﻃﻲ‬qaruwāṭī Croatian
‫ ﻗﺮوي‬see ‫ﻗﺮى‬
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺮى‬qara i (‫ ﻗﺮى‬qiran) to receive hospitably, entertain (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII = I
‫ ﻗـﺮى‬qiran hospitable reception, entertainment (of a guest); meal served to
a guest
‫ ﻗﺮﻳـﺔ‬qarya pl. ‫ ﻗـﺮى‬quran village; hamlet; small town; rural community;
‫ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺘﺎن‬al-qaryatān Mecca and Taif; Mecca and Medina | ‫ ام اﻟﻘﺮى‬umm al-qurā
Mecca
‫ ﻗـﺮوي‬qarawī village-, country- (in compounds), rustic, rural; peasant
(adj.); (pl. ‫ ﻗﺮوﻳـﻮن‬qarawīyūn) villager, rustic, countryman, inhabitant of the
country; from Kairouan, Kairouan (adj.), an inhabitant of Kairouan; a
member of al Qarawiya College in Fès (Morocco) | ‫اﻟﻘـﺮوﻳﲔ‬ ‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬mosque and
college in Fès (Morocco); ‫وزارة اﻟﺸـﺆون اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳـﺔ واﻟﻘﺮوﻳـﺔ‬ (baladīya) Ministry of
Municipal and Rural Affairs (Eg.)
‫ ﻗﺮوﻳﺔ‬qarawīya countrywoman, peasant woman
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ‬qarīya pl. ‫ ﻗﺮا‬qarāyā yard (naut.)
‫ ﻣﻘﺮى‬miqran vary hospitable
‫ ﻣﻘﺮاء‬miqrā’ very hospitable
‫ ﻗﺎر‬qārin villager
1236
‫ ﻗﺮﻳﺪس‬quraidis (syr.) shrimp (zool.)

‫ ﻗﺰ‬qazza (1st pers. perf. qazaztu) u to loathe, detest (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.)
II to vitrify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to glaze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to feel disgust (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬at), be
nauseated (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by), loathe, detest, abhor (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), have an
aversion (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬to)
‫ ﻗﺰ‬qazz pl. ‫ ﻗﺰوز‬quzūz silk; raw silk
‫ ﻗﺰاز‬qizāz (eg.) glass
‫ ﻗﺰاز‬qazzāz silk merchant
‫ ﻗﺰازة‬qizāza pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﺰاﺋﺰ‬qazā’iz2 (eg.) bottle
‫ ﻗﺎزوزة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﺗﻘﺰز‬taqazzuz loathing, disgust, detestation, abhorrence, aversion
‫( ﻗﺰان‬Turk. kazan) qazān pl. -āt kettle, large boiler
‫ ﻗﺰح‬II to embellish (‫ ﻫـ‬one’s speech)
‫ ﻗﻮس ﻗﺰح‬qausu qazaḥin or qausu quzaḥa rainbow
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺰﺣﻴﺔ‬quzaḥīya iris (anat.)
‫ ﻗﺰع‬qaza‘ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬wind-driven, tattered clouds, scud; tuft of hair
‫( ﻗﺰﻋﺔ‬eg.) quz‘a dwarf, midget, pygmy
‫ ﻗﺰﻳﻌﺔ‬qazī‘a tuft of hair
‫ ﻗﺰﻗﺰ‬gazqaza (eg.) to crack (‫ ﻫـ‬nuts, shells)
‫ ﻗﺰل‬qazal limp(ing)
‫ ﻗـﺰم‬qazam pl. ‫ اﻗـﺰام‬aqzām dwarf, midget, pygmy; Lilliputian; little fellow,
shrimp, hop-o’-my-thumb, whippersnapper
‫ ﻗﺰﻣﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺎ‬quzmūgrāfiyā cosmography
‫ ﻗﺰﻣﻮﻏﺮاﰲ‬quzmūgrāfī cosmographic(al)
‫ ﻗﺰان‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﲝﺮ ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ‬baḥr qazwīn Caspian Sea
‫ ﻗـﺲ‬qassa u (qass) to seek, pursue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), strive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), aspire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to) V
do.
1237
‫ ﻗـﺲ‬qass, qiss pl. ‫ ﻗﺴـﻮس‬qusūs, ‫ ﻗﺴـﺲ‬qusus priest, presbyter, clergyman,

minister, parson, vicar, curate, pastor (Chr.); -- qass (= ‫)ﻗـﺺ‬ sternum,
breastbone
‫ ﻗﺴﺎس‬qassās slanderer
‫ ﻗﺴـﻴﺲ‬qissīs pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻗﺴﺎوﺳـﺔ‬qasāwisa, ‫ ﻗﺴـﺎن‬qussān, ‫ اﻗﺴـﺔ‬aqissa, (Copt.-
Chr.) ‫ﻗﺴــﺎء‬ qussā’ priest, presbyter, clergyman, minister, parson, vicar,
curate, pastor (Chr.)
‫ ﻗﺴﻮﺳﺔ‬qusūsa ministry, priesthood, presbyterate (Chr.)
‫ رﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺴﻮﺳﻴﺔ‬risāma qusūsīya ordination (of a priest; Chr.)
‫ ﻗﺴـﺮ‬qasara i (qasr) to force, compel, coerce, constrain (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. to do
s.th.); to conquer, subdue, subjugate (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.) VIII = I
‫ ﻗﺴ ــﺮ‬qasr force, compulsion, coercion, constraint; ‫ ﻗﺴ ـﺮا‬qasran
compulsorily, forcibly, by force; of necessity, necessarily, inevitably,
perforce
‫ اﻗﺘﺴﺎر‬iqtisār conquest, subdual, subjugation
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺴـﻂ‬II to distribute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pay in installments (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to act
justly, in fairness, equitably
‫ ﻗﺴــﻂ‬qisṭ justice, fairness, equity, equitableness, fair-mindedness,
rightness, correctness; (for sg. and pl.) just, fair, equitable, fair-minded,
right, correct; -- (pl. ‫ اﻗﺴﺎط‬aqsāt) part; share, allotment; portion; installment;
quantity, amount, measure, extent | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻗﺴـﺎط‬ by installments, gradually;
‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﺴـﻂ ﻛﺒـﲑ ﻣـﻦ‬to possess s.th. (a quality, a characteristic) to a large
extent, have a great deal of ...
‫ ﻗﺴﻂ‬qasaṭ stiffness of a joint, ankylosis (med.)
‫ اﻗﺴﻂ‬aqsaṭ juster, fairer; more correct
‫ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻂ‬taqsīṭ payment in installments | ‫ ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻂ‬in installments, gradually
‫ ﻣﻘﺴﻂ‬muqsiṭ acting justly or with fairness, doing right; just, fair
‫ ﻗﺴﻄﺮ‬qasṭara to test the genuineness (‫ ﻫـ‬of coins)
‫ ﻗﺴﻄﺎس‬qusṭās, qisṭās pl. ‫ ﻗﺴﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬qasāṭīs2 balance, scales
1‫ ﻗﺴﻄﻞ‬qasṭal pl. ‫ ﻗﺴﺎﻃﻞ‬qasāṭil2 water pipe, water main
2‫ ﻗﺴﻄﻞ‬qasṭal (eg.) chestnut
1238
3‫اﻟﻘﺴﺎﻃﻠﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑﻼد‬bilād al-qasāṭila Castile, Spain

‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻄﻨﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬al-qasṭanṭīnīya Constantinople
‫ ﻗﺴـﻢ‬qasama i (qasm) to divide, part, split (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to distribute, deal out,
parcel out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to, among), divide (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.th. among); to let s.o. (‫)ل‬
share (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.). give s.o. (‫ )ل‬a .hare of s.th. (‫)ﰲ‬, allot (‫ ﰲ ل‬to s.o. s.th.); to
divide, subdivide, partition, portion, break up (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫اﱃ‬ s.th. into), arrange,
classify (‫ه‬ ‫اﱃ‬ s.th. in); to partition, to compartment (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to assign,
apportion, decree, destine, foreordain (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o. s.th.; of God or of
fate); to divide (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a number by another) II to divide, part, split (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to distribute, deal out, parcel out, divide (‫ ﻫ ـ ﺑـﲔ‬s.th. among); to divide,
subdivide, partition, portion, break up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬into), section (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.),
arrange, classify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬in); to partition, to compartment (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
(Chr.) to consecrate, ordain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.); to exorcise a devil or demon (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬from
Confidential
s.o., by adjuration) III to share (‫ ﻫـ ه‬with s.o. s.th.); to bind o.s. by oath ( ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. to do s.th.) IV to take an oath, swear (‫ ب‬by; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ل‬to s.o. s.th.; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ان‬to do s.th.) | ‫( اﻗﺴـﻢ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻻ ﻓﻌﻠـﻪ‬illā fa‘alahū) to adjure or entreat s.o. to do
s.th.; ‫( اﻗﺴـﻤﻮا ﺟﻬـﺪ اﳝـﺎ ﻢ‬jahda aimānihim) they swore by all that is right and
holy, they swore the most solemn oaths; ‫اﻗﺴـﻢ ﲟﻘﺪﺳـﺎ‬ (muqadasātihī) to
swear by all that’s holy V to be divided, be parted, be split; to be distributed,
be parceled out; to share (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫ ه‬a possession), divide among themselves (‫ه‬
s.o.,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to scatter, disperse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to drive away, dispel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
beset grievously, harass or torment jointly (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ﺗﻘﺴــﻤﻮﻩ ﺿــﺮ وﺟﻴﻌــﺎ‬
(ḍarban) they took turns in dealing him painful blows, they gave him a
severe beating VI to divide or distribute among themselves (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
beset, harass, torment (‫ ه‬s.o.; thoughts, worries, etc.) VII to be divided, be
parted, be split; to be distributed, be dispersed, be separated; to be divided,
be subdivided, be portioned, be broken up (‫ اﱃ‬into) VIII to divide or
distribute among themselves (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to seek an oracle from the deity,
cast lots
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‫ ﻗﺴــﻢ‬qism pl. ‫ اﻗﺴــﺎم‬aqsām part, share, allotment; portion; division,

compartment; section; department; group, class; district, precinct; police
precinct, police station (Eg.); administrative subdivision of a muḥāaẓa (Eg.);
subcommittee; kind, sort, specimen, species
‫ ﻗﺴـﻤﺔ‬qisma dividing, division, distribution, allotment, apportionment;
(math.) division (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬by); (pl. ‫ ﻗﺴـﻢ‬qisam) part, portion, share, allotment; lot,
destiny, fate (foreordained by God)
‫ ﻗﺴـﻢ‬qasam pl. ‫ اﻗﺴـﺎم‬aqsām oath; ‫ ﻗﺴـﻤﺎ‬qasaman I swear! ‫ ﻗﺴـﻤﺎ ب‬I swear
by …!
‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺎت‬qasamāt, qasimāt features, lineaments (of the face)
‫ ﻗﺴﺎم‬qasām and ‫ ﻗﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬qasāma beauty, elegance
‫ ﻗﺴﻴﻢ‬qasīm pl. ‫ ﻗﺴﻤﺎء‬qusamā’2, ‫ اﻗﺴﻤﺎء‬aqsimā’2 sharer, partner, copartner,
participant; -- (pl. ‫اﻗﺴــﻤﺎء‬ aqsimā’2) part, portion, share, allotment;
counterpart
‫ ﻗﺴﻴﻤﺔ‬qasīma pl. ‫ ﻗﺴﺎﺋﻢ‬qasā’im2 coupon; receipt
‫ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢ‬taqsīm exorcism; (pl. -āt) dividing, division, partition, parting,
Confidential
splitting, sectioning, portioning; distribution, allotment, apportionment;
dealing out; division, subdivision, partition(ment); pl. ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺳــﻴﻢ‬
structure, build, proportions (e.g., of the body); -- solo recital (mus.)
‫ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻤﺔ‬taqsīma pl. ‫ ﺗﻘﺎﺳـﻴﻢ‬taqāsīm2 short solo piece for an instrument
taqāsīm2
(mus.)
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﲰﺔ‬muqāsama partnership, participation, sharing
‫ اﻧﻘﺴﺎم‬inqisām division, split, disruption, breakup; schism
‫ اﻗﺘﺴﺎم‬iqtisām dividing, division, distribution (among themselves)
‫ ﻗﺎم‬qāsim divider; distributor; divisor, denominator (math.)
‫ ﻣﻘﺴﻮم‬maqsūm dividend (math.); ‫ ﻣﻘﺴﻮم ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬divisor (math.)
‫ ﻣﻘﺴﻢ‬muqassim divider; distributor
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺳﻢ‬muqāsim sharer, partner, co-partner, participant
‫ ﻗﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨﺔ‬qusanṭīna2 Constantine (city in NE Algeria)
‫)ﻗﺴـﺎ )ﻗﺴـﻮ‬ qasā u (‫ ﻗﺴـﻮة‬qaswa, ‫ﻗﺴـﺎو‬ qasāwa) to be harsh, stern, cruel,
merciless, remorseless (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward s.o.); to handle roughly, treat harshly,
severely, cruelly, without mercy (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) II to harden, indurate, render
1240
obdurate or impenitent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the heart) III to undergo, suffer, endure, sustain,

bear, stand (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), bear up (‫ ﻫـ‬against s.th.) IV = II
‫ ﻗﺴــﻮ‬qasw hardness, harshness, grimness, sternness, severity, rigor,
austerity
‫ ﻗﺴـﻮة‬qaswa, hardness, harshness, grimness, sternness, severity, rigor,
austerity; cruelty, mercilessness, remorselessness
‫ ﻗﺴـﺎوة‬qasāwa hardness, harshness, grimness, sternness, severity, rigor,
austerity; cruelty, mercilessness, remorselessness
‫ ﻗﺴﻰ‬qusīy hard, solid, firm
‫ اﻗﺴﻰ‬aqsā harder, harsher, sterner, severer; more cruel; more difficult
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺳــﺎة‬muqāsāh undergoing, suffering, enduring, sustaining, bearing,
standing
‫ ﻗـﺎس‬qāsin pl. ‫ ﻗﺴـﺎة‬qusāh hard, harsh, grim, stern, severe, austere, rough;
cruel, inexorable, relentless, merciless, remorseless; difficult
1‫ ﻗﺴﻲ‬qasīy see ‫ﻗﺴﻮ‬
2‫ ﻗﺴﻲ‬qusīy, qisīy pl. of ‫ ﻗﻮس‬qaus
Confidential
‫ ﻗـﺶ‬qašša i u (qašš) to collect, gather (up), pick up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pick up
from here and there (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to become dry, dry up, shrivel up, wither (esp.,
of a plant) II to take of this and that
‫ ﻗﺶ‬qašš straw | ‫ ﻗﺶ اﳊﺪﻳﺪ‬steel wool; ‫ ﲪﻰ اﻟﻘﺶ‬ḥummā l-q. bay fever
‫ ﻗﺸـﺔ‬qašša (n. un.) a straw | ‫ ﻗﺸـﺔ ﺛﻘـﺎب‬match, matchstick; ‫( ﺧﻴـﺎر ﻗﺸـﺔ‬eg.)
gherkins
‫ ﻗﺸﻴﺶ‬qašīš sweepings, rubbish, garbage, trash, refuse; offal, waste, scrap
‫ ﻣﻘﺸﺔ‬miqašša (eg.) broom, besom
‫ ﻗﺸﺐ‬qišb, qašab pl. ‫ اﻗﺸﺎب‬aqšāb poison
‫ ﻗﺸﻴﺐ‬qašīb pl. ‫ ﻗﺸﺐ‬qušub new; clean; polished, burnished
‫ ﻗﺸﺪ‬qašada u (qašId) to skim, take off (‫ ﻫـ‬the cream)
‫ ﻗﺸﺪة‬qišda cream
‫ ﻗﺸـﺮ‬qašara i u (qašr) to peel, pare, shell, derind, bark, skin, scale, shave
off, husk, shuck (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II = I; V to be peeled, be pared, be shelled, be
derinded, be barked, be skinned, be scaled, be shaved off, be husked, be
shucked; to come off in scales, scale off, flake off, peel off (skin; coating)
VII = V
1241
‫ ﻗﺸﺮ‬qišr pl. ‫ ﻗﺸﻮر‬qušūr cover(ing), integument, envelope; shell; peel; rind,

bark; skin, crust; scab; scurf; hull, husk, shuck; scales (of fish); slough (of a
snake); pl. ‫ﻗﺸـﻮر‬ trash, garbage, refuse; trivialities, banalities; externals,
superficialities, formalities; dandruff | ‫اﻟﺮأس‬ ‫ ﻗﺸﺮ‬q. ar-ra’s dandruff
‫ ﻗﺸـﺮة‬qišra peel, rind (e.g., of a fruit), shell (of an egg, of a nut); bark;
skin; crust; scab; scurf; hull, husk, shuck; scale; slough (of a snake)
‫ ﻗﺸـﺮي‬qišrī scaly, scurfy, scabrous, squamous; crustaceous | ‫اﻻﻛﺰﳝـﺎ اﻟﻘﺸـﺮﻳﺔ‬
psoriasis (med.); O ‫اﻟﻘﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫( اﳊﻴﻮا ت‬ḥayawānāt) crustaceans
‫ ﺗﻘﺸــﲑ‬taqšīr peeling, paring, shelling; derinding, barking; skinning;
scaling; shaving off, scraping off; husking, shucking
‫ ﻗﺸـﻂ‬qašaṭa i (qašṭ) to take off, strip (off), remove (‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from); to
skim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬cream); to scratch off, scrape off, abrade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to take off (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to strip off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rob (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.), plunder, strip of his
belongings (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫( ﻗﺸﻄﺔ‬eg.) qišṭa, (syr.) gašṭa cream; (eg.) sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.;
Confidential
bot.), custard apple
‫ ﻗﺸﺎط‬qišāṭ (leather) strap, thong; whiplash; drive belt, transmission belt
‫ ﻗﺸـﺎط‬qušāṭ (eg.) pl. -āt jetton. chip, counter; piece, man (checkers,
backgammon)
O ‫ ﻣﻘﺸﻂ‬miqšaṭ pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺷﻂ‬maqāšiṭ2 eraser, erasing knife
O ‫ ﻣﻘﺸﻄﺔ‬miqšaṭa pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺷﻂ‬maqāšiṭ2 milling machine, miller

‫ ﻗﺸـﻊ‬qaša‘a a (qaš‘) to scatter, disperse, drive away, chase away (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.), dispel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to scatter, disperse, drive away, chase away
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), dispel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to scatter, disperse, break up (crowd), lift,
dissolve (clouds, darkness) V and VII to be scattered, be dispersed, be
driven away, be chased away; to scatter, disperse, break up (crowd),
lift, dissolve (clouds, darkness)
(‫ )ﻗﺸﻌﺮ‬IV ‫ اﻗﺸﻌﺮ‬iqša‘'amJ to Ibudder, lhiver,
tremble. quake. Ihake, bave gooae s..b
(witb cold. witb fright) I')":I .:.. ~ •.;.
("I~)'I or) la,'"" laqla"""" m,,,",, I-;tdud"
a bloodcurdling thing. a borrible.
ghastly thing
'J..~ quk{rira shudder, tremor,
1242
trembling. Ibakos; lhiver(ing); ague

~ qaI'am pl. ~L.:; qaAa'im' lion I ~ rl
"mm q. byena; calamity, disaster
‫ ﻗﺸـﻒ‬qašifa a (qašaf) and qašufa u (‫ ﻗﺸـﺎﻓﺔ‬qašafa) to live in squalor and
misery; to have a dirty skin; to pay no attention to cleanliness II (eg.) to
become rough and chapped, to chap (hands) V = I; to lead an ascetic life,
mortify the bodily appetites; (eg.) to become rough and chapped, to chap
(skin)
‫ ﻗﺸﻔﺔ‬qišfa (eg.) pl. ‫ ﻗﺸﻒ‬qišaf crust (of bread)
‫ ﺗﻘﺸـﻒ‬taqaššuf asceticism, mortification of the flesh; simple, primitive
way of life
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﺸـﻒ‬mutaqaššif ascetic(al); (eg.) roughened, chapped (hands); ‫اﳌﺘﻘﺸـﻔﺔ‬
al-mutaqaššifa the ascetics
‫ ﻗﺸـﻘﺶ‬qašqaša to cure (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. of scabies, of smallpox); to sweep out,
sweep away (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1‫ ﻗﺸﻞ‬qašila (qašal) (eg.) to be poor, penniless, without means
2‫( ﻗﺸـﻠﺔ‬Turk. kışla) qašla pl. ‫ ﻗﺸـﻞ‬qišal (military) barracks (syr.); hospital
Confidential
(eg.)
‫( ﻗﺸﻼق‬Turk. kışlak) qušlāq pl. -āt (military) barracks
‫ ﻗﺸﻤﺶ‬qišmiš a variety of currants (= seedless raisins)
‫ ﻗﺎﺷﺎﱐ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻗﺺ‬qaṣṣa u (qaṣṣ) to cut, cut off, clip (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to shear, shear off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);
to trim, curtail, dock, crop, lop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- (qaṣṣ, ‫ﻗﺼـﺺ‬ qaṣaṣ): ‫ﻗـﺺ اﺛـﺮﻩ‬
(atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks, track s.o.; (‫ ﻗﺼـﺺ‬qaṣas) to relate, narrate,
tell (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.) II to out off, shear off, clip, curtail, dock, trim, crop,
lop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to retaliate (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), return like for like (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
avenge o.s., revenge o.s., take vengeance (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to punish, castigate,
chastise (‫ ه‬s.o.); (com.) to settle accounts (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to be quits, be even
(‫ ه‬with s.o.) V ‫( اﺛﺮﻩ‬atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks, track s.o. VIII = V; to tell
accurately, relate exactly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to retaliate (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬upon s.o.), return like for
like (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.o.); to avenge o.s., revenge o.s., take vengeance (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬on s.o.); to
punish, castigate, chastise (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.o.)
1243
‫ ﻗﺺ‬clippings, outings, chips, snips, shreds, scraps; sternum, breastbone

‫ ﻗﺼﺔ‬quṣṣa pl. ‫ ﻗﺼﺺ‬quṣaṣ, ‫ ﻗﺼﺎص‬qiṣāṣ forelock; lock of hair
‫ ﻗﺼـﺔ‬qiṣṣa manner of cutting; cut; (pl. ‫ ﻗﺼـﺺ‬qiṣaṣ) narrative, tale, story |
‫ ﻗﺼﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﻲء ان‬the matter is so that ..., the thing is best described by saying
that ...
‫ ﻗﺼﺺ‬qaṣaṣ clippings, cuttings, chips, snips, shreds, narrative, tale, story
‫ ﻗﺼﺼـﻲ‬qiṣaṣī, qaṣaṣī narrative, epic(al); (pl. ‫ )ﻗﺼﺼـﻴﻮن‬storyteller, writer of
fiction, novelist, romancer | ‫اﻟﻘﺼﺼﻲ‬ ‫( اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬ši‘r) epic poetry
‫ ﻗﺼﺎﺻـﺔ‬quṣāṣa (coll. ‫ ﻗﺼـﺎص‬quṣāṣ, and ‫ ﻗﺼﺎﺻـﺔ‬quṣāṣa) pl. -āt cutting, chip,
snip, shred; scrap (of paper); slip (of paper); (newspaper) clipping
‫ ﻗﺼـﺎص‬qaṣṣāṣ shearer; tracker, tracer of tracks; writer of fiction, novelist,
romancer
‫ اﻗﺼﻮﺻـﺔ‬uqṣūṣa pl. ‫ اﻗﺎﺻـﻴﺺ‬aqāṣīṣ2 narrative, tale, novella, novel; short
story
‫ ﻣﻘـﺺ‬miqaṣṣ pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎص‬maqāṣ (pair of) scissors, (pair of) shears; (syr.)
Confidential
springs (of an automobile, of a coach) |
scissorbill (Rhynchops; zool.)
‫ اﺑـﻮ ﻣﻘـﺺ‬abū m. earwig; skimmer,
‫ ﻗﺼــﺎص‬qiṣāṣ requital, reprisal, retaliation; punishment, castigation,

chastisement; accounting, clearing, settlement of accounts
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺻـﺔ‬muqāṣṣa accounting, clearing, settlement of accounts; balancing,
adjustment, set off; compensation (com.) | ‫ ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ اﳌﻘﺎﺻـﺔ‬gurfat al-m. clearing
house (fin.)
‫ ﻣﻘﺼﻮص‬maqṣūṣ pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﻴﺺ‬maqāṣīṣ2 (eg.) lovelock, earlock
‫ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺻﺔ‬maqṣūṣa skimming ladle, skimmer
‫ ﻗﺼﺎج‬quṣāj pl. -āt pliers, pincers, nippers
‫ ﻗﺼـﺐ‬qaṣaba i (qaṣb) to out up, carve up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a slaughtered animal) II to
curl (‫ ﻫـ‬the hair); to brocade, embroider with gold and silver thread (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺼـﺐ‬qaṣab (coll.) cane(s), reed(s); sugar cane; stalks (of cereal grasses);
gold and silver thread, gold and silver
embroidery; brocade | ‫اﻟـﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ ﻗﺼﺐ‬q. ad-dahab gold brocade; ‫ﻗﺼـﺐ اﻟﺴـﻜﺮ‬
q. as-sukkar sugar cane; ‫( اﻟﻘﺼــﺐ اﳍﻨـﺪي‬hindī) bamboo; ‫اﺣـﺮز ﻗﺼـﺐ اﻟﺴــﺒﻖ‬
1244
‫))واﻟﻐﻠـﺐ‬ aḥraza qaṣaba s-sabq (wa-l-galb) to come through with flying

colors, carry the day, score a great success
‫ ﻗﺼـﺒﺔ‬qaṣaba (n. un.) pl. -āt cane, reed; pipe, tube; pipestem, pipe tube;
writing pen; windpipe, trachea; shaft (of a well); a wind instrument
resembling the reed pipe; kassabah, a linear measure (Eg. = 3.55 m); citadel;
capital city, metropolis | ‫اﻟﺮﺋـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻗﺼـﺒﺔ‬q. ar-ri’a windpipe, trachea; ‫ ﻗﺼـﺒﺔ اﳌـﺮيء‬q.
al-marī’ gullet, esophagus
‫ ﻗﺼﺎﺑﺔ‬qaṣāba butcher’s trade, butchery
‫ ﻗﺼﻴﺒﺔ‬quṣaiba (tun.) oats
‫ ﻗﺼﺎب‬qaṣṣāb butcher, slaughterer; (eg.) land surveyor
‫ ﻗﺼﺎﺑﺔ‬qaṣāba (reed) pipe
‫ ﻣﻘﺼـﺐ‬muqaṣṣab embroidered with gold and silver thread, brocaded,
trimmed with brocade
‫ ﻗﺼﺎج‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻗﺼـﺪ‬qaṣada i (qaṣd) to go or proceed straightaway (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to
s.th.), make a beeline (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), walk up to s.o. or s.th. (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬.); to
Confidential
go to see (‫ه‬ ,‫ اﱃ‬s.o.), call (‫ ه‬,‫ اﱃ‬on s.o.); to betake o.s., repair, go (‫ ه‬,‫ اﱃ‬to
a place; ‫ ه‬,‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), be headed, be bound (‫ ه‬,‫ اﱃ‬for a place); to seek,
pursue (‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), strive (‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ اﱃ‬for), aspire (‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ اﱃ‬to), intend, have in mind
(‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ اﱃ‬s.th.; ‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with s.th. else); to aim (‫ ﻫـ‬,‫ اﱃ‬at s.th.); to have in
view, contemplate, consider, purpose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to mean, try to say (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬or
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ by s.th. s.th.); to adopt a middle course (‫ ﰲ‬in, at); to be economical,
frugal, thrifty, provident; to economize, save | ‫ﻗﺼـﺪﻩ‬ ‫( ﻗﺼـﺪ‬qaṣdahū) to walk
up to s.o., go toward s.o.; to follow, imitate s.o. IV to induce to go (‫ اﱃ‬to
s.o., to a place; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to compose kasidas V to be broken, break; (eg.) to be
angry (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be mad (‫ ه‬at s.o.) VII to be broken, break VIII to adopt
a middle course (‫ ﰲ‬in, at; ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between); to assume a mediatory position (‫ﺑـﲔ‬
between), act as mediator; to be economical, frugal, thrifty, provident,
economize (‫ ﰲ‬with); to save (‫ ﻫـ‬money, etc.); to compose kasidas
‫ ﻗﺼــﺪ‬qaṣd endeavor, aspiration, intention, intent; design, purpose,
resolution; object, goal, aim, end; frugality; thrift, economy | ‫ ﻗﺼـﺪا‬qaṣdan,
1245
‫ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ‬intentionally, purposely, advisedly, on purpose; deliberately; ‫ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ‬

‫ ﻗﺼﺪ‬unintentionally, inadvertently; ‫ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﻘﺼﺪ‬ḥusn al.q. good intention; ‫ﺳﻮء‬
‫ اﻟﻘﺼـﺪ‬sū’ al-q. evil intention ‫( ﻫـﻮ ﻗﺼـﺪك‬qaṣdaka, qaṣduka) he is in front of
you, before you, opposite you
‫ ﻗﺼﺪي‬qaṣdī intentional; intended
‫ ﻗﺼﺎد‬quṣād (prep.) in front of, before, opposite (eg.)
‫ ﻗﺼـﻴﺪ‬qaṣīd aspired, desired, aimed at, intended; faultless, without defects
(of a poem); also = ‫ﻗﺼـﻴﺪة | ﺑﻴـﺖ اﻟﻘﺼـﻴﺪ‬ bait al-q. (the essential, principal
verse of the kasida, i.e.) the main point, the principal part, the essence, the
core, the gist, the hest, the hit, the climax of s.th., that which stands out from
the rest, the right thing
‫ ﻗﺼﻴﺪة‬qaṣīda pl. ‫ ﻗﺼﺎﺋﺪ‬qaṣā’id2 kasida, an ancient Arabic poem having, as
a rule, a rigid tripartite structure) | ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺪة = ﺑﻴﺖ‬, see under ‫ﻗﺼﻴﺪ‬
‫ اﻗﺼﺪ‬aqṣad2 directer, directest
‫ ﻣﻘﺼـﺪ‬maqṣad pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺻـﺪ‬maqāṣid2 (place of) destination; intention, intent;
Confidential
design, purpose, resolution; object, goal, aim, end; sense, meaning, import,
purport, significance | ‫اﳌﻘﺎﺻﺪ‬ ‫ ﺳﻴﺊ‬sayyi’ al-m. malevolent, malicious
‫ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎد‬iqtiṣād saving, economization, retrenchment; thriftiness, thrift,
providence; economy | ‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎد‬‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ‬ilm al-iqt., (‫( ﻋﻠـﻢ( اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎد اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳـﻲ‬siyāsī)
economics, political economy; ‫ اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدا ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‬iqtiṣādan fī l-waqt in order to
save time
‫ اﻗﺘﺼــﺎدي‬iqtiṣādī economical; saving, thrifty, provident; economic;
economist, political economist; ‫ت‬ ‫ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬the economy
‫ ﻗﺎﺻﺪ‬qāṣid direct, straight (way); easy, smooth, pleasant, short (of travel) |
‫( ﻗﺎﺻﺪ رﺳﻮﱄ‬rasūlī) (pl. ‫ ﻗﺼﺎد‬quṣṣād) apostolic delegate
‫ ﻗﺼﺎدة رﺳﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬qiṣāda rasūlīya papal legation
‫ ﻣﻘﺼﻮد‬maqṣūd aimed at, intended; intentional, designed, deliberate; meant
‫ ﻗﺼﺪﻳﺮ‬qaṣdīr tin
2‫ ﻗﺼـﺮ‬qaṣura u (qiṣar, qaṣr, ‫ ﻗﺼـﺎرة‬qaṣāra) to be or become short, too short,
or shorter; to be insufficient, be inadequate; -- qaṣara u (‫ ﻗﺼﻮر‬quṣūr) to miss,

fail to reach (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th., e.g., a target), fall short (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of); to he incapable (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
1246
of), he unable (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to do s.th.), fail to reach, attain, accomplish, or achieve

(‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); not to he equal (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to s.th.), not to be up to s.th. (‫)ﻋﻦ‬, he unable to
cope with s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻦ‬to desist, cease, refrain, abstain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); -- qaṣara i u
(qaṣr) to make short or shorter, shorten, cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce,
lessen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- qaṣara u (qaṣr) to hold hack, restrain, check, curb (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to keep under supervision or control (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.h.); to lock up
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to limit, restrict, confine (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. to); -- qaṣara u
(qaṣr, ‫ ﻗﺼـﺎرة‬qiṣāara) to full, whiten, bleach, blanch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to make short
or shorter, shorten, cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce, lessen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
miss, fail to reach (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th., e.g., a target), fall short (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of); to he incapable
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), be unable (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to do s.th.); to fail to accomplish, achieve, reach, or
attain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); not to be equal (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to s.th.), not to he up to s.th. (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, he

unable to cope with s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻦ‬to be inadequate, insufficient, inferior; to be
remise (‫ ﰲ‬in, at, in some work), be derelict (‫ ﰲ‬to), fall behind, lag behind (‫ﰲ‬
Confidential
in); to be negligent, careless; to be in, negligent, neglectful (‫ ﰲ‬in), neglect
(‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to desist, cease, refrain, abstain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) | ‫ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺼـﺮ‬he spared no

pains or expense in or with ..., he left nothing undone to ..., he did not fail to
... IV to make short or shorter, shorten, cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce,
lessen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to desist, cease, refrain, abstain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) VI to contract,
shrink, dwindle, become smaller; to be incapable (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of); to desist, cease
(‫ﻋﻦ‬from); to refrain. abstain (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from) VIII to limit o.s., restrict o.s., confine
o.s., be limited, restricted, or confined (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to content o.s., be content
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with) X to find short, regard as deficient or inadequate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺼ ــﺮ‬qaṣr shortness, brevity; smallness; incapability, inability;
insufficiency, inadequacy; laxity, slackness, negligence, neglectfulness;
indolence, inertness, laziness; shortening, curtailment, abridgment,
reduction, diminution; limitation, restriction. confinement (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬to);
theutmost that is in s.o.’s power, e.g., ‫( ﻗﺼـﺮك ان ﺗﻔﻌـﻞ ﻫـﺬا‬qaṣruka) the most
you can hope to accomplish is to do this; you must limit yourself to doing
this
1247
‫ ﻗﺼـﺮ‬qaṣr pl. ‫ ﻗﺼـﻮر‬quṣū castle; palace; palais | ‫ ﻗﺼـﺮ اﻟﻌﺪﻟﻴـﺔ‬q. al-‘adlīya

(Mor.) palace of justice, courthouse
‫ ﻗﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬qaṣrīya pl. ‫ ﻗﺼﺎر‬qaṣārin pot; flowerpot; chamber pot
‫ ﻗﺼــﺮ‬qiṣar shortness, brevity; smallness | ‫ ﻗﺼــﺮ اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ‬q. an-naẓar
nearsightedness, shortsightedness
‫ ﻗﺼــﺮ‬qaṣr slackness, laxity, negligence, neglectfulness; indolence,
inertness, laziness
‫ ﻗﺼﺎر‬qaṣār, quṣār: ‫( ﻗﺼﺎرك ان ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا = ﻗﺼﺎراك ان ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا‬see ‫)ﻗﺼﺎرى‬
‫ ﻗﺼﺎر‬qaṣṣār fuller, bleacher
‫ ﻗﺼـﻮر‬quṣūr incapability, inability; insufficiency, inadequacy; deficiency,
shortcoming, lack; reduction, diminution, decrease; slackness, laxity,
negligence, neglectfulness; indolence, inertness, laziness; legal minority,
nonage | ‫ﻗﺼــﻮر اﻟﺒــﺎع‬ powerlessness, impotence, helplessness, weakness,
incapability, inability (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of, to do s.th.)

‫ ﻗﺼﲑ‬qaṣīr pl. ‫ ﻗﺼﺎر‬qiṣār short; small, short (of stature), low | ‫ ﻗﺼﲑ اﻷﺟﻞ‬q.
‫ﻗﺼــﲑ اﻟﺒ ــﺎع‬
Confidential
al-ajal short-term(ed), short-dated, short-lived; powerless,
impotent, helpless, weak, incapable, unable; parsimonious, niggardly; ‫ﻗﺼـﲑ‬
‫ اﻟﻴﺪ‬q. al-yad do.
‫ ﻗﺼﺎرة‬qiṣāra trade of the fuller or bleacher
‫ ﻗﺼـﺎرى‬quṣārā the utmost, the limit (‫ )ه‬s.o.’s power) | ‫ﻗﺼـﺎراك ان ﺗﻔﻌـﻞ ﻛـﺬا‬
(quṣārāka) the most you can accomplish is to do this; you must limit
yourself to doing this; ‫ﻗﺼﺎراﻩ‬‫ ﺑﺬل‬or ‫( ﺑﺬل ﻗﺼﺎرى اﳉﻬـﺪ‬q. l-jahd) to exert every
conceivable effort (‫ ل‬to, in order to; ‫ ب‬on, for), go to great lengths, go out
of one’s way, do one’s best, do all in one’s power, leave no stone untamed
(‫ ل‬to, in order to); ‫ ﻗﺼـﺎرى اﻷﻣـﺮ‬q. l-amr, ‫ﻗﺼـﺎرى اﻟﻘـﻮل‬ q. l-qaul in short, in
brief, to make a long story short
‫ اﻗﺼﺮ‬aqṣar2 shorter
‫ اﻻﻗﺼﺮ‬al-aqṣur Luxor (town in Upper Egypt)
‫ ﺗﻘﺼـﲑ‬taqṣīr shortening, curtailment, abridgment, reduction, diminution,
limitation, restriction, confinement; incapability, incapacity, inability;
insufficiency, inadequacy, inferiority; neglect, dereliction (‫ ﰲ‬of ),
remissness (‫ ﰲ‬in); slackness, laxity, negligence, neglectfullness; defect,
fault, failing, deficiency, shortcoming
1248
‫ ﻗﺎﺻـﺮ‬qāṣir incapable (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), unable (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to do s.th.); limited, restricted,

confined (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); reserved (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); intransitive (gram.); (pl. -ūn, ‫ﻗﺼـﺮ‬
quṣṣar) legally minor, under age; a legal minor | ‫اﻟﻄـﺮف‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﺻـﺮة‬q. aṭ-ṭarf (of a
woman) chaste-eyed, chaste, demure, modest; ‫اﻟﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﺻـﺮ‬q. al-yad powerless,
impotent, helpless, weak, incapable, unable; parsimonious, niggardly
‫ ﻣﻘﺼـﻮر‬maqṣūr confined (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); restricted, limited | ‫ ﻣﻘﺼـﻮرة اﻟﻄـﺮف‬m. aṭ-
ṭarf
(woman) chaste-eyed, chaste, demure, modest; ‫( اﻟـﻒ ﻣﻘﺼـﻮرة‬alif) the alif
that can be shortened, i.e., final ‫ى‬, pronounced -ā (e.g., ‫ رﻣـﻰ‬ramā) and ‫ا‬,
without following hamza (gram.)
‫ ﻣﻘﺼــﻮرة‬maqṣūra pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺻــﲑ‬maqāṣīr2 palace; cabinet, closet;
compartment; box or stall in a mosque near the mihrab, reserved for the
ruler; (theater, cinema) box, log.; the detached portion of a mosque set aside
for the communal prayer, and frequently enclosing the tomb of the patron
saint; (prisoner’s) dock; chapel (in a church)
‫ ﻣﻘﺼﺮ‬muqaṣṣir slack, negligent, neglectful
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﺼﺮ‬muqtaṣir limited, restricted, confined (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﺼﺮ‬muqtaṣar short, brief, concise, terse, succinct, summary
‫ ﻗﻴﺼﺮ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻗﺼـﻊ‬qaṣa‘a a (qaṣ‘) to drink in avid gulps, gulp down, pour down, toss
down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬water); to slake quench (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the thirst); to grind, crush. bruise,
squash, mash (‫( ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺼﻌﺔ‬qaṣ‘a pl. qaṣa‘āt, ‫ ﻗﺼﻊ‬qiṣa‘, ‫ ﻗﺼﺎع‬qiṣā‘ large bowl (made of wood or
copper); (ir.) kettle
‫ ﻗﺼـﻒ‬qaṣafa i (qaṣf) to break, shatter, smash (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to beset, harass,
press hard, oppress (‫ ه‬s.o.), bear down (‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to bomb (‫ ه‬s.th.); to
thunder, roar (esp., of cannon); to roll, rumble, grumble, peal (of thunder); --
u (qaṣf, ‫ ﻗﺼـﻮف‬quṣūf) to feast, revel, carouse; to lead a life of opulence; --
qaṣifa a (qaṣaf) to break; to be frail, delicate, brittle, fragile V and VII to be
broken, break, snap
‫ ﻗﺼﻒ‬qaṣf thunder, roar (e.g., of cannon); revelry, carousal
‫ ﻗﺼﻒ‬qaṣif frail, delicate, brittle, fragile; broken
‫ ﻗﺼﻴﻒ‬qaṣīf frail, delicate, brittle, fragile; broken
1249
‫ ﻗﺼﻮف‬quṣūf revelry, carousal

‫ ﻣﻘﺼـﻒ‬maqṣaf pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺻـﻒ‬maqāṣif2 refreshment room; post exchange,
canteen; casino; bar; buffet, refreshment counter
‫ ﻗﺼـﻘﺺ‬qaṣqaṣa to break, shatter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to snip off the ends (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of
s.th.), clip, trim, crop (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺼﻞ‬qaṣala i (qaṣl) to cut off, mow (off) (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII to cut off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺼﻞ‬qaṣal chaff, husks, shucks, awns (of grain); (n. un. ‫ )ة‬stalks
‫ ﻗﺼﺎل‬qaṣṣāl sharp, cutting, sharp-pointed
‫ ﻗﺼﻴﻞ‬qaṣīl (eg.) winter barley
‫ ﻣﻘﺼﻞ‬miqṣal sharp, cutting, sharp-pointed
O ‫ ﻣﻘﺼﻠﺔ‬miqṣala pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﻞ‬maqāṣil2 guillotine
‫ ﻗﺎﺻﻞ‬qāṣil sharp, cutting
‫ ﻗﺼـﻢ‬qaṣama i (qaṣm) to break, shatter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻗﺼـﻢ ﻇﻬـﺮﻩ‬ẓahrahū) (to
break s.o.’s back =) to be a mortal blow to s.o. V to be broken, break, snap
VII = V
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺼﻢ‬qaṣim easily broken, brittle, fragile
‫ ﻗﺼﻴﻢ‬qaṣīm easily broken, brittle, fragile
‫ ﻗﺎﺻـﻢ‬qāṣim pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﺻـﻢ‬qawāṣim2 breaking | ‫ ﻗﺎﺻـﻤﺔ اﻟﻈﻬـﺮ‬qāṣimat aẓ-ẓahr
mortal blow, catastrophe, disaster; ‫ﺿــﺮ ت ﻗﻮاﺻـﻢ‬ (ḍarabat) mortal blows,
crushing blows
(‫ ﻗﺼﻮ‬and ‫ﻗﺼﺎ‬ (‫ ﻗﺼﻲ‬qaṣā u (‫ ﻗﺼﻮ‬qaṣw, quṣuw, ‫ ﻗﺼﺎء‬qaṣā’) and ‫ ﻗﺼﻲ‬qaṣiya
a (‫ﻗﺼـﻰ‬ ,‫ ﻗﺼـﺎ‬qaṣan) to be far away, be far removed, be at a great distance
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), be remote, distant; to go far away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) IV to take far away,
send far away (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., s.th. from); to remove (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from); to drive
away (‫ ﻋﻦ ه‬s.o. from); to drag away (‫ ﻋﻦ ه‬s.o. from); to dismiss (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ اﳋﺪﻣـﺔ‬from a job); to reach the utmost limit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) | ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺼـﻴﻪ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬lā
yuqṣīhi l-baṣaru out of sight, not within view, invisible V to go far away (‫ﻋﻦ‬
from); to penetrate deeply, inquire (‫ ﻫـ‬into a problem, and the like), examine,
study, investigate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), go to the root (0 of s.th.); to follow out, follow to
a. conclusion (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to examine, feel out, palpate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to penetrate
1250
deeply, inquire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into a problem, and the like), examine, study, investigate
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), go to the root (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.); to inquire, make inquiries (‫ ﻋﻦ‬about)
‫ ﻗﺼﺎ‬qaṣan and ‫ ﻗﺼﺎء‬qaṣā’ distance, remoteness
‫ ﻗﺼﻲ‬qaṣīy pl. ‫ اﻗﺼﺎء‬aqṣā’ far (away), distant, remote
‫ اﻗﺼـﻰ‬aqṣā, f. ‫ ﻗﺼـﻮى‬quṣwā, pl. ‫ اﻗـﺎص‬aqāṣin more distant, remoter, farther
(away);
most distant, remotest, farthest; utmost, extreme, ultimate; maximal,
‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬
maximum; the farthermost part; the utmost, extreme, extremity; end |
‫( اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬masjid) name of a mosque on the Temple Square in Jerusalem; ‫اﻟﺸﺮق‬
‫اﻷﻗﺼـﻰ‬ (šarq) the Far East; ‫اﳌﻐـﺮب اﻷﻗﺼـﻰ‬ (magrib) (the extreme west =)
Morocco; ‫اﻟﻐﺎﻳـﺔ اﻟﻘﺼـﻮى ﻣـﻦ‬ the utmost degree of, the maximum of; ‫اﻗﺎﺻـﻲ‬
‫ اﻷرض‬aqāsī l-arḍ the remotest parts of the earth, the ends of the world; ‫ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
‫( اﻟﻀﺮورة اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬ḍarūra) in case of dire necessity, when worst comes to worst;
‫ اﱃ اﻗﺼـﻰ ﺣـﺪ‬aqṣā ḥaddin to the extreme limit, to the utmost; as far as
Confidential
possible; ‫ ﻣـﻦ اﻗﺼـﺎﻩ اﱃ اﻗﺼـﺎﻩ‬or ‫( ﻣـﻦ اد ﻩ اﱃ اﻗﺼـﺎﻩ‬adnāhu) from one end to the
other, throughout, everything without exception
‫ ﺗﻘﺺ‬taqaṣṣin thorough examination, close study, minute investigation
‫ اﺳﺘﻘﺼـﺎء‬istiqṣā’ thorough examination, close study, minute investigation;
inquiry (‫ ﻋﻦ‬about)
‫ ﻗﺎص‬qāṣin pl. ‫ ﻗﺎﺻﻮن‬qāṣūn, ‫ اﻗﺼﺎء‬aqṣā’ distant, remote, far (away) | ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺻﻰ‬
‫( واﻟـﺪاﱏ‬lit.: the distant one and the near one =) everybody, all people; ‫ﰲ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﺎﺻﻴﺔ واﻟﺪاﻧﻴﺔ‬near and far
‫ ﻗـﺾ‬qaḍḍa u (qaḍḍ) to pierce, bore, perforate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to break into
pieces, crush, bray, bruise, pulverize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tear down, demolish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
wall); to pull out. tear out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a peg or stake); -- a (‫ ﻗﻀـﺾ‬qaḍaḍ) to be rough,
crude, hard (bed) IV to be rough, crude, hard (bed); to make rough, crude or
hard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the bed) |
‫( اﻗـﺾ ﻣﻀـﺠﻌﻪ‬maḍja‘ahū) or ‫ اﻗـﺾ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﳌﻀـﺠﻊ‬to rob s.o.’s
sleep VII to swoop down, pounce down, dive down, descend; to strike (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.th.; of lightning); to pounce, fall, rush, hurl o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon), storm, rush
1251
(‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬against), charge, attack, assail (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.o.); to be broken, cracked,

threaten to collapse; to fall, tumble
‫ ﻗـﺾ‬qaḍḍ (coll.) pebbles; gravel | ‫ ﺟـﺎء اﻟﻘـﻮم ﻗﻀـﻬﻢ‬jā’a l-qaumu qaḍḍuhum
(qaḍḍahum) all the people came
‫ ﻗﻀﺔ‬qiḍḍa pebbles; gravel
‫ ﻗﻀـﻴﺾ‬qaḍīḍ pebbles; gravel | ‫( )ﺟـﺎء اﻟﻘـﻮم ﻗﻀﻴﻀـﻬﻢ )ﺑﻘﻀﻴﻀـﻬﻢ‬qaum) all the
people came
‫ اﻧﻘﻀﺎض‬inqiḍāḍ swooping down, pouncing down, dive, downrush; onrush,
onslaught, storm, assault | ‫ ﻣـﺪﻓﻊ اﻻﻧﻘﻀـﺎض‬midfa‘ al-inq. (pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪاﻓﻊ‬madāfi‘)
self-propelled assault gun (mil.); ‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺮة اﻻﻧﻘﻀﺎض‬dive bomber
‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺮة ﻣﻨﻘﻀﺔ‬ṭā’ira munqaḍḍa dive bomber

‫ ﻗﻀـﺐ‬qaḍaba i (qaḍb) to cut off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to lop, prone, trim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬trees) II =
I; VIII = I; to abridge (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), give a condensed extract, make a digest (‫ ﻫـ‬of
s.th.); to extemporize, improvise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), quote extempore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬verses, and

the like), deliver offhand (‫ ﻫـ‬a speech)
Confidential
‫ ﻗﻀﺐ‬qaḍb edible herbs
‫ ﻗﻀـﻴﺐ‬qaḍīb pl. ‫ ﻗﻀـﺒﺎن‬qaḍbān cut-off branch, twig, switch; stick, rod,
staff,
wand; bar (of a grate); male organ of generation, penis, phallus; rail
(railroad); guide, guide rail, guideway (tehn.)
‫ ﻗﻀـﺎﺑﺔ‬qaḍāba that which is lopped or out off; lops, prunings, trimmings
(of trees)
‫ ﻣﻘﻀﺐ‬miqḍab pruning hook; pruning shears, pruning knife
‫ اﻗﺘﻀــﺎب‬iqtiḍāb abridgment; digest; extract; conciseness, terseness,
brevity; improvisation
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﻀـ ــﺐ‬muqtaḍab short, brief, concise, terse; improvised,
extemporaneous, offhand, unprepared; ‫ اﳌﻘﺘﻀـﺐ‬name of a poetic meter; pl.
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﺒﺎت‬short news items, news in brief (journ.)
‫ ﻗﻀﻊ‬qaḍ‘ gripes, colic
‫ ﻗﻀﺎع‬quḍā‘ gripes, colic
‫ ﻗﻀﻒ‬qaḍufa u to be or become slender, slim, thin, narrow
1252
‫ ﻗﻀﻢ‬qaḍma a and qaḍama i (qaḍm) to gnaw (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., on s.th.); to nibble (‫ﻫـ‬

s.th., at s.th.)
‫( ﻗﻀـﺎﻣﺔ‬pronounced qḍāme; syr.) roasted and salted chick-peas; assorted
nuts, peanuts, pistachios, etc.; birdseed
‫ اﳊﻴﻮا ت اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻤﺔ‬al-ḥayawānāt al-qāḍima the rodents
‫ ﻗﻀـﻰ‬qaḍā i (‫ ﻗﻀـﺎء‬qaḍā’) to settle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to finish, terminate, conclude,
end, close, wind up, complete, consummate, accomplish, achieve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to carry out, execute, perform, effectuate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fulfill (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a request),
comply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to do, perform (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s duty); to gratify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a wish),
provide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for a need), satisfy, meet, answer, discharge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a demand, a
claim); to pay, settle (‫ ﻫـ‬a debt); to spend, pass (‫ ﻫـ‬time); to die (= ‫اﺟﻠـﻪ‬ ‫;)ﻗﻀـﻰ‬
to fix, appoint, determine, decree, decide, rule (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ ن‬that); (of God) to
foreordain, predestine; to judge, act as judge, decide judicially (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between
two litigants); to pass or pronounce judgment (‫ ل‬in favor of s.o.; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against
Confidential
s.o.); to sentence, condemn (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ ب‬s.o. to), impose, inflict (‫ ب ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.o.
a penalty); to impose or enjoin as a duty (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o. s.th.); to make
necessary or requisite (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o. s.th.), require s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to do s.th.
(‫)ب‬, compel, force (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. ‫ ب‬to do s.th.); to demand, require, necessitate

(‫ ب‬s.th.), call for s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to root out, extirpate, annihilate, exterminate
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to kill, do in (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), do away (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o., with s.th.),
put an end (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.); to thwart, foil, frustrate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻗﻀـﻰ اﺟﻠـﻪ‬
(ajalahū) to pass away, die; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬‫‘( ﻗﻀـﻰ اﻟﻌﺠـﺐ‬ajaba) to be full of amazement
at, be very astonished at; ‫( ﻗﻀـﻰ ﳓﺒـﻪ‬naḥbahū) to fulfill one’s vow; to pass
away, die; ‫( ﻗﻀـﻰ وﻃـﺮﻩ‬waṭarahū) to attain one’s aim or end, see one’s wish
fulfilled; ‫اﻷﻣـﺮ‬ ‫ ﻗﻀـﻰ‬quḍiya l-amru the matter is decided and done with, the
die is cast; ‫ ﻗﻀـﻲ اﻣـﺮﻩ‬quḍiya amruhū and ‫ ﻗﻀـﻲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬quḍiya ‘alaihi it’s all over
with him, he’s a goner II to carry out, execute, perform, effectuate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
III to summon before a judge, bring before a court of justice, arraign (‫ه‬
s.o.); to prosecute, sue (‫ ه‬s.o.), take legal action, bring suit (‫ ه‬against s.o.);
1253
to demand (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬from s.o. payment of s.th.), call in (‫ ب ه‬from s.o. s.th.) V
to be finished, completed; to peas, go by, elapse, expire, run out (time) VI to
litigate, carry on a lawsuit; to demand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; ‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬from s.o. payment
of s.th.; from s.o. s.th.), call in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬from s.o.), claim (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for
s.th. remuneration), lay claim (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.); to get, receive (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬from s.o. s.th.,
also ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. from, esp. money owed, emolument) VII to be completed, be
finished, be done, be terminated, be concluded, come to an end, cease, stop;
to pass, go by, elapse, expire, run out (time); to have expired, have elapsed,
be over, be peat (time) VIII to demand, claim, exact, require (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.o.
s.th.); to make necessary, make requisite, necessitate, require (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to
demand, claim, exact, require (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬from s.o. s.th.)

‫ ﻗﻀﻰ‬qaḍan judgment, sentence, (judicial) decision, (court) ruling
‫ ﻗﻀـﺎء‬qaḍā’ settling, finishing, ending, closing, termination, conclusion,
windup, completion, accomplishment; carrying out, execution, performance,
effectuation; fulfillment, satisfaction, gratification (of a wish, of a desire);
provision (for a need); compliance (with a request); payment, settlement,
Confidential
discharge (of a debt); passing, spending (of a period of time); divine decree,
destiny, fate; judgment, sentence, (judicial) decision, (court) ruling,
ordinance; administration of the law, judiciary, jurisprudence, justice; law;
jurisdiction; office of judge, judge, ship, judicature; judging, rendering of
judgment; sentencing, condemnation (‫ ﻋﻠ ــﻰ‬of s.o.); extermination,
annihilation, extirpation (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.o., of s.th.), killing (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.o.), thwarting,

foiling frustration
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.th.); -- (pl. ‫ اﻗﻀـﻴﺔ‬aqḍiya) district, province (Syr., Ir., Leb., Saudi
Ar., Yemen) | ‫ ﻗﻀـﺎء ﷲ‬death; ‫( اﻟﻘﻀـﺎء اﻟﺸـﺮﻋﻲ‬šar‘ī) jurisdiction based on the
Sharia; canonical law, Sharia law; ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬‫ دار‬court of justice, tribunal; ‫ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء اﻹداري‬maḥkmat al-q. al-idārī administrative court; ‫( اﻟﻘﻀـﺎء واﻟﻘـﺪر‬wa-l-
qadar) fate and divine decree; ‫( ﻟﻘﻀـﺎء واﻟﻘــﺪر‬or ‫ ﻗﻀــﺎء وﻗـﺪرا‬qaḍā’an wa-
qadaran) by fate and divine decree; ‫( ﻗﻀـﻲ اﻟﻘﻀـﺎء‬quḍiya) the divine decree
was fulfilled, i.e., death came with God’s will
‫ ﻗﻀـﺎﺋﻲ‬qaḍā’ī judicial, judicatory; forensic, legal, judiciary, pertaining to
courts of justice | ‫ﺣـﺎرس ﻗﻀـﺎﺋﻲ‬ pl. ‫ﺣـﺮاس ﻗﻀـﺎﺋﻴﻮن‬ (ḥurrās) legally appointed
trustee or administrator, receiver in bankruptcy, liquidator, sequestrator
1254
‫ ﻗﻀﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺢ‬qaḍawīyat aṣ-ṣulḥ jurisdiction of a justice of the peace

‫ ﻗﻀـﻴﺔ‬qaḍīya pl. ‫ ﻗﻀـﺎ‬qaḍāyā lawsuit; litigation, judicial contest; action at
law, suit; (legal) case, cause, legal affair; matter, affair; question, problem,
issue; theorem, proposition (math.)
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺿﺎة‬muqāḍāh trial, hearing
‫ اﻧﻘﻀـﺎء‬inqiḍā’ passing, elapsing, termination, expiry, expiration, end (of a
period of time); extinction (of an obligation)
‫ اﻗﺘﻀـﺎء‬iqtiḍā’ necessity, need, exigency, requirement | ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻻﻗﺘﻀـﺎء‬in case
of need, if need be, when necessary
‫ ﻗـﺎض‬qāḍin decisive, conclusive; deadly, lethal; (pl. ‫ ﻗﻀـﺎة‬quḍāh) judge,
magistrate, justice, cadi; pl. ‫ ﻗـﻮاض‬qawāḍin requirements, exigencies | ‫ﺳـﻢ‬
‫( ﻗـﺎض‬samm) deadly poison; ‫( ﺿـﺮﺑﺔ ﻗﺎﺿـﻴﺔ‬ḍarba) decisive blow (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against);
knockout (boxing); mortal or crushing blow, deathblow (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); ‫رأى ﻣـﻦ‬
‫( ﻗﻮاﺿـﻰ اﻟﺬﻣـﺔ ان‬q. d-dimma) to regard it u one’s duty to ...; ‫ ﻗﺎﺿـﻲ اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬q. l-
baḥt (Tun.) examining magistrate; ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ‬ ‫( ﻗﺎﺿـﻲ‬Eg.) examining magistrate;
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺎﺿـﻲ اﻹﺣﺎﻟـﺔ‬q. l-iḥāla (Eg.) magistrate sitting at defendant’s
trial judge; ‫ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺼﻠﺢ‬q. ṣ-ṣulḥ justice of the peace
arraignment,
‫ ﻣﻘﻀﻲ‬maqḍīy settled, finished, done, completed, accomplished, etc. | ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬

‫ اﳌﻘﻀﻲ‬accomplished fact, fait accompli
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﺎض‬mutaqāḍin pl. ‫ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿـﻮن‬mutaqāḍūn litigant; ‫ اﳌﺘﻘﺎﺿـﻴﺎن‬al-mutaqāḍiyān
the two litigants
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻰ‬mutaqāḍan subject to legal prosecution
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﻀـﻰ‬muqtaḍan required, necessary, requisite; (pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺘﻀـﻴﺎت‬muqtaḍayāt)
requirement, exigency, necessity, need | ‫ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ‬bi-muqtaḍā (prep.) according
to, in accordance with, in conformity with, pursuant to, under; ‫ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻣﻘﺘﻀـﻴﺎت‬
‫ اﻷﺣﻮال‬should the circumstances require it
1‫ ﻗـﻂ‬qaṭṭu (chiefly with the put tense in negative sentences) ever, (neg.:)
never
2‫ﻗـﻂ‬qaṭṭa u (qaṭṭ) to carve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cut, trim, clip, pare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
mend the point (‫ ﻫـ‬of a pen), nib, sharpen (‫ ﻫـ‬a pen) II to carve, turn (‫ ﻫـ‬wood)
VIII to sharpen, nib (‫ ﻫـ‬a pen)
1255
‫ ﻗﻂ‬qaṭṭ short and curly (hair)

‫ ﻗﻄﺎط‬qaṭṭāṭ turner
3‫ ﻗﻂ‬qiṭṭ pl. ‫ ﻗﻄﻂ‬qiṭaṭ, ‫ ﻗﻄﺎط‬qiṭāṭ, ‫ ﻗﻄﻄـﺔ‬qiṭaṭa male cat, tomcat | ‫د‬ ‫ ﻗـﻂ اﻟـﺰ‬q.
az-zabād civet cat
‫ ﻗﻄﺔ‬qiṭṭa female cat
‫ ﻗﻄﻴﻄﺔ‬quṭaiṭa kitten
‫ ﻗﻄـﺐ‬qaṭaba i (qaṭb) to gather, collect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- (qaṭb, ‫ ﻗﻄـﻮب‬quṭūb) to
contract the eyebrows (also ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺒﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻗﻄـﺐ‬q. ḥājibaihi), knit the brows, frown,
scowl, glower | ‫ﺟﺒﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫( ﻗﻄﺐ‬jabīnahū) to frown II to scowl, glower; to knit the
brows, frown; (eg.) to sew together (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to become gloomy
(countenance) X O to polarize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; phys.)
‫ ﻗﻄـﺐ‬quṭb pl. ‫ اﻗﻄـﺎب‬aqṭāb axis, axle; pole (astron., geogr., el.); pivot;
leader; authority, leading personality, celebrity (chiefly used in the pl.) |
‫ ﻗﻄـﺐ اﻟﺮﺣـﻰ‬q. ar-raḥā pivot (of s.th.; fig.); ‫( اﻟﻘﻄـﺐ اﳉﻨـﻮﰊ‬janūbī) the South
Pole; ‫( اﻟﻘﻄــﺐ اﻟﺸــﻤﺎﱄ‬šamālī) the North Pole; ‫ ﻗﻄــﺐ ﺳــﺎﻟﺐ‬negative pole;
Confidential
cathode, ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫( ﻗﻄﺐ‬mūjab) positive pole, anode
‫ ﻗﻄﱯ‬quṭbī polar | O ‫( اﻟﺸﻔﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﱯ‬šafaq) polar light
‫ ﻗﻄﺒﺔ‬quṭba (eg.) stitch (in sowing)
‫ ﻗﻄﻮب‬quṭūb frowning, scowling, glowering
O ‫ اﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎب‬istiqṭāb polarization (phys.)
‫ ﻗﺎﻃﺒﺔ‬qāṭibatan all together, all without exception, one and all
‫ ﻗﻄـﺮ‬qaṭara u (qaṭr, ‫ ﻗﻄـﺮان‬qaṭarān) to fall or sow in drops, drip, dribble,
trickle II (qaṭr) to let fall or sow in drops, drip, drop, dribble, infuse in drops
or driblets (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to filter, filtrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to refine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to distill (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to line up camels (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬in single file and connect them with halters,
form a train of camels; to couple (‫ ﻫـ‬vehicles); to tow, tug (‫ ﻫـ‬a ship) V to fall
or sow in drops, drip, dribble, trickle; to soak, percolate (‫ اﱃ‬into), trickle (‫اﱃ‬
in) VI to come in successive groups, to crowd, throng, flock (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to

s.o., to a place) X to drip, drop, dribble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to distill, extract by
distillation (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1256
‫ ﻗﻄـﺮ‬qaṭr dripping, dribbling, dribble, trickling, trickle; (call.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl.

‫ ﻗﻄﺎر‬qiṭār drops, driblets; rain; -- sirup
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ‬qaṭr pl. ‫ ﻗﻄﻮرات‬quṭūrāt (eg.) (railroad) train
‫( ﻗﻄﺮﺟﻲ‬eg.) qaṭargī pl. -īya shunter, switchman (railroad)
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ‬quṭr pl. ‫ اﻗﻄﺎر‬aqṭār region, quarter; district, section; tract of land; zone;
country, land; diameter (of a circle); diagonal; caliber, bore (of a tube) | ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬
‫( اﳌﺼـﺮي‬miṣrī) Egypt; ‫ ﻧﺼـﻒ ﻗﻄـﺮ اﻟـﺪاﺋﺮة‬niṣf q. ad-d. radius (of the circle); ‫ارﺑﻌـﺔ‬
‫ اﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬arba‘at a. ad-dunyā the four quarters of the world; ‫اﻟﺮوﻋﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺧﺬﱐ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ ﲨﻴـﻊ اﻗﻄـﺎري‬ (rau‘a) the rapture which holds me completely enthralled,
which pervades my heart through and through
‫ ﻗﻄﺮي‬quṭrī regional; diametral, diametrical
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ‬qaṭar2 Qatar (sheikdom in eastern Arabia)
‫ ﻗﻄﺮ‬quṭr, quṭur agalloch, aloeswood
‫ ﻗﻄﺮة‬qaṭra (n. un. of ‫ ﻗﻄﺮ‬qaṭr) pl. qaṭarāt drop (also as a medicine)
Confidential
‫ ﻗﻄﲑة‬quṭaira pl. -āt droplet, driblet
‫ ﻗﻄـﺎر‬qiṭār pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﻄـﺮ‬quṭur, ‫ ﻗﻄـﺮات‬quṭurāt train of camels; (railroad) train;
railroad; single file (of soldiers; Eg., mil.) | ‫اﻟﺒﻀـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ ﻗﻄـﺎر‬freight train, goods
train; ‫ﻗﻄـﺎر ﺣﺪﻳـﺪي‬ (ḥadīdī) railroad train; (‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﻲ‬or ‫ﺧﺼـﻮص( ﻗﻄـﺎر ﺧـﺎص‬
(kāṣṣ, kuṣūṣī) special train; ‫ﻗﻄـﺎر اﻟﺮﻛـﺎب‬ q. ar-rukkāb passenger train; ‫ﻗﻄـﺎر‬
‫ﺳـﺒﺎق‬ (sabbāq) fast train, express train; ‫ﻗﻄـﺎر ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ‬ express train; ‫ﻗﻄـﺎر وﻗـﺎف‬
(waqqāf) local train
‫ ﻗﻄﺎرة‬qaṭṭāra dropping tube, pipette, dropper
‫ ﻗﻄﺮان‬qaṭrān (qiṭrān, qaṭirān) tar
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﺮ‬miqṭar pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﺮ‬maqāṭir2 censer
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﺮة‬miqṭara pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﺮ‬maqāṭir2 censer; stocks (device for punishment)
‫ ﺗﻘﻄﲑ‬taqṭīr filtering, filtration; refining; distilling, distillation
‫ اﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎر‬istiqṭār distilling, distillation
‫ ﻗﺎﻃﺮة‬qāṭira pl. -āt locomotive; rail car, diesel
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻮرات‬maqṭūrāt trailers, truck trailers
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﺮات‬muqaṭṭarāt spirituous liquors, spirits
1257
‫ ﻗﻄﺮﻣﻴﺰ‬qaṭramīz (large) glass bottle or jar

‫ ﻗﻄﺮن‬qaṭrana to tar, smear or coat with tar (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻄﺮان‬qaṭrān (qiṭrān, qaṭirān) tar
‫ ﻗﻄـﻊ‬qaṭa‘a a (qaṭ‘) to cut (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cut off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to chop off, lop off
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to amputate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cut through, cut in two, divide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
tear apart, disrupt, sunder, disjoin, separate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fell (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a tree); to
break off, sever (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., relations); to break off one’s friendship, break
(‫ ه‬with s.o.); to cut, snub (‫ ه‬s.o.); to interrupt (‫ه‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cut short,
interrupt, silence (‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn off, switch off, disconnect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬electric
current); to prevent, hinder (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from); to forbid (‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.),
prohibit (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ s.o. from doing s.th.); to deprive (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ s.o. of); (Chr.) to
excommunicate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to have a profound effect, have a considerable

impact, be impressive (spiritually); to make a profound impression (‫ ﰲ‬on),
impress greatly, affect deeply (‫ ﰲ‬s.o.); to ford (‫ ﻫـ‬a river), cross (‫ ﻫـ‬a river, an
Confidential
ocean), traverse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a country), pass through or across s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to cover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
distance); to survive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a danger), surmount, overcome (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a difficulty), get over s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to spend, pass, while away (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬time
with); to use up, consume (‫ ﻫ ـ‬food); to decide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to say with
certainty, assert, declare positively (‫ ب‬s.th.), affirm confidently, aver (‫ن‬
that); to prove (‫ ن‬that); pass. quṭi’a to break, break apart, be or get broken,
be or become interrupted; to snap (rope, string of a musical instrument) | ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬
‫( )اﻷﻣﻞ )اﻟﺮﺟﺎء‬amal, rajā’) to give up hope, to despair; ‫( ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﺜﻤﻦ‬taman) to fix
the price, agree on the price; ‫( )ﻗﻄـﻊ ﺗـﺬﻛﺮة )ﺑﻄﺎﻗـﺔ‬tadkiratan) to buy a ticket;
‫( ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺣﺪﻳﺜـﻪ‬ḥadītahū) to interrupt s.o., cut s.o. short, cut in on s.o.’s talk;
‫( ﻗﻄـﻊ دورا‬dauran) to pass through a phase or period, go through a stage; ‫ﻗﻄـﻊ‬
‫( ﺑـﺮأي‬bi-ra’yin) to express a firm opinion; to decide in favor of an opinion;
‫( ﻗﻄـﻊ ﺑﺮأﻳـﻪ‬bi-ra’yihī) to be guided in one’s decisions by s.o., proceed in
accordance with s.o.’s opinion or decision; ‫( ﻗﻄـﻊ اﻟـﺮﺣﻢ‬raḥim) to sever the
1258
bonds of kinship, break with one’s relatives; to violate the rules of

consanguinity; ‫اﺷـﻮاﻃﺎ‬ ‫( ﻗﻄـﻊ‬ašwāṭan) to make progress; (‫ﻗﻄـﻊ ﺷـﻮﻃﺎ ﻛﺒـﲑا )ﺑﻌﻴـﺪا‬
‫( )ﰲ اﻟﺘﻘــﺪم )اﻟﺮﻗــﻲ‬šauṭan, taqaddum, ruqīy) and ‫ﻗﻄــﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻴــﺪان اﻟﺮﻗــﻲ اﺷ ـﻮاﻃﺎ‬
(maidāni r-r.) to make great progress, make great headway; ‫ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬to
cut off s.o.’s way, intercept s.o.; to engage in highway robbery; to waylay
s.o.) commit highway robbery on s.o.; ‫ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫‘( ﻻ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ‬aqlahū) it won’t get into
his head, he can’t understand or believe it; ‫‘( ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻋﻬـﺪا‬ahdan) to make a
contract; to make a promise, vow, or pledge (‫ ل‬to s.o.); ‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻬﺪا ب‬
(‘ahdan) and ‫( ﻗﻄـﻊ اﻟﻮﻋـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ب‬wa‘da) to vow s.th., pledge o.s. or bind
o.s. to do s.th.; ‫ﻗﻄـﻊ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﺎﻟـﺔ‬ to discount the bill of exchange; ‫ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻟﺴـﻨﻪ‬
(lisānahū) to silence s.o., seal s.o.’s lips, gag s.o.; ‫اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‬
‫( ﻗﻄـﻊ‬waqt) to while
away the time, kill time II to cut into pieces, cut up, dismember (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
carve (‫ ﻫـ‬meat); to tear apart, rend, rip apart, gash. slash, lacerate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
cut seriously, gash deeply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s hand); to interrupt; to scan (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a verse) |
Confidential
‫( ﻳﻘﻄـﻊ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬qalba) heart-rending III to dissociate, separate o.s. (‫ ه‬from), part
company, break off one’s friendship, break (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to cut, snub (‫ه‬
s.o.); to be on bad terms (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to boycott (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to
interrupt (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cut s.o. (‫ )ه‬short, out in on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬talk, also
‫ ﻗـﺎﻃﻊ اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬IV to make or let s.o. (‫ )ه‬cut or cut off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make or let
s.o. (‫ )ه‬cross or ford (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a river); to bestow as a fief (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.o. s.th.); to
grant, assign, allot (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.); to separate o.s., disassociate o.s. (‫ه‬
from s.o.), part company (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to break off one’s friendship (‫ ﻋﻦ‬with
s.o.); to break (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with s.o.) V to be cut off, be severed, be disrupted, be
interrupted, be disconnected; to snap; to be cut up, be chopped up, be
hacked to pieces. be dismembered; to be intermittent. flow discontinuously
(electric current); to be disjointed, be jerky (words, style); to knock o.s. out
(e.g., with eagerness) | ‫( ﺗﻘﻄﻌـﺖ ﺑـﻪ اﳊﺒـﺎل‬ḥibālu) to be at the end of one’s
resources, be utterly helpless; ‫( ﺗﻘﻄـﻊ ﺑـﻪ اﻷﺳـﺒﺎب‬asbābu) to be at one’s wit’s
end, be at the end of one’s tether; ‫( ﻫـﺪف ﺗﺘﻘﻄـﻊ دوﻧـﻪ اﻷﻋﻨـﺎق‬hadafun, dūnahū)
lit.: a goal on the way to which throats are slit, i.e., one which remains
unattainable VI to separate, part company, go apart; to get separated from
1259
each other; to break off mutual relations, snub each other; to intersect (lines,
roads, etc.; L s.th.), cut across, cross (of a line or road, ‫ ﻣـﻊ‬another) VII to be
cut off, be or get separated (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to be chopped off, be lopped
off, be cut through, be sundered, be severed, be tom apart, be disrupted, be
broken, be broken off; to be interrupted, be disconnected, be cut off, be shut
off (also, e.g., electric current), be blocked, be stopped; to break. break
apart, tear, snap (intr., e.g., a rope, a string); to cease, end, come to an end,
run out, expire; to stop, come to a halt, come to a standstill, be suspended,
be discontinued; to stop. cease (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.; doing s.th.); to leave off (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.),
desist, abstain. refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to suspend, discontinue, stay (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to
withdraw, stay away, hold aloof (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); to devote o.s., dedicate o.s., give
one’s attention. apply o.s. (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to); to concentrate (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬on); to occupy
o.s. exclusively (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬with), give all one’s time (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to) VIII to take a
part, a little (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of s.th.); to take, borrow, cull, glean (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. from, e.g., a
story from a book); to tear out, take out, remove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a page, ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from a
book or notebook); to tear off, rip off, detach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a coupon); to
Confidential
appropriate, acquire (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to possess o.s., take possession (‫ ﻫـ‬of), seize (‫ﻫـ‬
on) X to request as a fief (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬of S.o. s.th.); (eg.) to deduct (‫ ﻫـ‬an amount)
‫ ﻗﻄـﻊ‬qal’ cutting off; chopping off, detruncation; amputation; cutting,
scission, section; disruption, sunderance, disjunction, disconnection,
separation; felling (of a tree); severance, rupture, breakoff (e.g., of
relations); stoppage, blockage, embargo, ban, blackout, suspension;
interruption, discontinuation; disconnection, turning off, switching off (of
electric current); prevention, hindrance (‫ﻋ ــﻦ‬ from); deprivation;
excommunication (Chr.); fording (of a river); crossing (of an ocean);
traversion (of a country); covering (of a distance); spending, passing (of a
span of time); consumption; deduction, rebate, discount; (pl. ‫ اﻗﻄـﺎع‬aqṭā‘)
format, size (of a book); (pl. ‫ﻗﻄــﻮع‬ aqṭā‘) section (geom.); ‫ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎ‬qaṭ‘an
decidedly, definitely, positively, for certain; with neg.: absolutely not, not at
all, by no means, not in the least | ‫ت‬ ‫ ﻗﻄـﻊ اﳊﺴـﺎ‬settlement of accounts; ‫ﻗﻄـﻊ‬
‫ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬highway robbery, brigandage; ‫ ﻗﻄـﻊ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬forcible prevention of
s.th., radical stop to s.th.; ‫ ﻗﻄﻊ اﳌﺎﻫﻴـﺔ‬q. al-māhīya salary cut, wage deduction;
‫ ﺳﻌﺮ )ﻣﻌﺪل( اﻟﻘﻄـﻊ‬si‘r (or mu‘addal) al-q. discount rate, bank rate; ‫ ﻗـﻂ اﻟﺮﺑـﻊ‬q.
1260
ar-rub‘ (ar-rubu‘) quarto format;‫ ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻛﺘـﺐ اﳉﻴـﺐ‬q. kutub al-jaib pocket size
(book); ‫ ﻗﻄﻊ ﳐﺮوط‬q. makrūtin, ‫( ﻗﻄﻊ ﳐﺮوﻃـﻲ‬makrūṭī) conic section (geom.);
‫ ﻗﻄﻊ زاﺋﺪ‬hyperbola (geom.); ‫( ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺊ‬mukāfi’) parabola (geom.); ‫ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻗـﺺ‬
ellipse (geom.); ‫ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﻗـﺖ‬gaṭ‘an li-l-waqt as a pastime, just to kill time;
‫( ﺑﻘﻄـﻊ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ ﻋـﻦ‬bi-q. in-naẓari) irrespective of, regardless of, without regard
to; aside from, apart from; ‫ ﳘﺰة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬disjunctive hamza (gram.)
‫ ﻗﻄﻌـﻲ‬qaṭ‘ī decided, definite, positive; final, definitive; ‫ ﻗﻄﻌﻴـﺎ‬qaṭ‘īyan
decidedly, definitely, emphatically, categorically
‫ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺔ‬qaṭ‘īya certainty, definiteness, positiveness
‫ ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ‬qiṭ‘a pl. ‫ ﻗﻄــﻊ‬qiṭa‘ piece, fragment, lump, chunk; part, portion;
section, division; segment (geom.); coin; naval unit; unit (mil.) | ‫اﻟـﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ‬
or ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌـﺔ اﻟﻘﻄـﻊ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ اﻟﱰﻛﻴـﺐ‬part (of a
segment of a circle (geom.); O
machine, of an apparatus); O ‫ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻻزدواج‬coupling element (el.); ‫ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ ﻣﺴـﺮﺣﻴﺔ‬
(masraḥīya) (stage) play; ‫( ﻗﻄﻌ ــﺔ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻴــﺔ‬ginā’īya) vocal piece, vocal
Confidential
composition; ‫ ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻴـﲑ‬or ‫ ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ ﻏﻴـﺎر‬spare part; ‫( ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ ﻓﻨﻴـﺔ‬fannīya) work of
art; ‫اﻟﻜﺮوﻳﺔ‬
(stage) play;
‫( اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬kurawīya) spherical segment (geom.); ‫( ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﲤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬tamtīlīya)
‫ ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ ﻣﻮﺳـﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬piece of music, musical composition; ‫ﻗﻄﻌـﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
(malīya) coin; ‫‘( اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬amal) piecework, job work, taskwork
‫ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬quṭ‘a pl. quṭu‘āt, ‫ ﻗﻄـﻊ‬quṭa‘ a piece cut off, a cut; stump; plot of land,
patch of land, lot
‫ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬qaṭa‘a pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﻄﻊ‬qaṭa‘ stump
‫ ﻗﻄـﺎع‬qiṭā‘, quṭā‘ pl. -āt section; sector (geom.) | ‫‘( ﻗﻄـﺎع ﻋﺮﺿـﻲ‬arḍī) cross
section; ‫ﻗﻄﺎﻋــﺎت ﻣــﻦ اﻷﻧﺴــﺠﺔ‬ (ansija) tissue sections (biol.); ‫اﻟﻘﻄــﺎع اﻟــﺪاﺋﺮي‬
(dā’irī) sector of a circle (geom.); ‫اﻟﻘﻄـﺎع اﻟﻜـﺮوي‬ (kurawī) spherical sector
(geom.)
‫ ﻗﻄﺎع‬qaṭṭā‘ (stone-, wood-) cutter
‫ ﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻲ‬bi-l-qaṭtā‘ī by retail, retail (adj.)
‫ ﻗﻄﻴـﻊ‬qaṭī‘ pl. ‫ ﻗﻄـﺎع‬qiṭā‘, ‫ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎن‬quṭ‘ān, ‫ اﻗﻄـﺎع‬aqṭā‘ troop or group (of
animals), drove, flock, herd
1261
‫ ﻗﻄﻴﻌــﺔ‬qaṭī‘a rupture of relations, break, breach, rift, alienation,

estrangement, separation; enmity among relatives (short for ‫اﻟـﺮﺣﻢ‬ ‫ ﻗﻄﻴﻌﺔ‬q. ar-
raḥim); (pl. ‫ﻗﻄـﺎﺋﻊ‬ qaṭā’i‘2) fief, fee, feudal estate, land granted by feudal
tenure
‫ اﻗﻄــﻊ‬aqṭa‘2 more convincing, more conclusive (evidence); (f. ‫ﻗﻄﻌــﺎء‬
qaṭ‘ā’2) amputee; one-armed; dumb, mute
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬maqṭa’ pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬maqāṭi‘2 crossing point, crossing, traverse, passage;
ford; (point of) intersection; cross section; section, division; syllable;
musical phrase; quarry; group of animals,
drove | ‫اﻟﺮأي‬
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬m. ar-ra’y decision, judgment
‫ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ‬miqṭa‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﻃﻊ‬maqāṭi‘2 cutting instrument | ‫ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ اﻟﺴـﻴﺠﺎر‬ cigar
cutter; ‫اﻟﻮرق‬ ‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬m. al-waraq paper knife; paper cutter

‫ ﺗﻘﻄﻴــﻊ‬taqṭī‘ fragmentation, dismemberment, cutting up, division,
partitioning; interruption, disruption, discontinuation; gripes, colic; (pl.
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻴﻊ‬taqāṭī‘) stature, figure; shape, form; pl. parts, portions,
sections, members | ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻴﻊ‬t. al-wajh features, lineaments of the face
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌـﺔ‬muqāṭa‘a separation; break (with s.o.); indifference, unfeelingness,
unlovingness; boycott; interruption; (pl. -āt) area, region, section, district,
province
‫ اﻗﻄـﺎع‬iqṭā‘ and ‫ اﻗﻄﺎﻋـﺔ‬iqṭā‘a pl. -āt fief, fee, feudal estate, land granted by
feudal tenure | ‫اﻹﻗﻄﺎع‬ ‫ ذو‬liege lord, feudal lord
‫ اﻗﻄﺎﻋﻲ‬iqṭā‘ī liege, feudatory, feudal; (pl. -ūn) liege lord, feudal lord
‫ اﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬iqṭā‘īya feudalism; ‫ اﻹﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬the feudal system
‫ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ‬taqaṭṭu‘ pl. -āt interruptedness, interruption
‫ ﺗﻘــﺎﻃﻊ‬taqāṭu’ severance of mutual relations; crossing; intersection,
junction
‫ اﻧﻘﻄــﺎع‬inqiṭā’ separation, disjunction, severance; break, breach, rift,
rupture, break-off; interruption, disruption, discontinuance; cessation, stop,
termination, expiration, extinction; stoppage, shutdown, blockage,
suspension; end, close, conclusion; absence, withdrawal, aloofness (‫ﻋــﻦ‬
from) | ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ اﻧﻘﻄﺎع‬inq. at-tayyār power shutdown (el.); ‫ ﺑـﺪون اﻧﻘﻄـﺎع‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ اﻧﻘﻄﺎع‬incessantly, constantly, continually, without interruption
‫ اﻧﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬inqiṭā’īya separatism
1262
‫ اﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎع‬istiqṭā’ pl. -āt cut, deduction (e.g., from salary)

‫ ﻗــﺎﻃﻊ‬qāṭi’ cutting; sharp; convincing, cogent, irrefutable, conclusive,
decisive (e.g., evidence); decided, definite, positive, unmistakable,
unequivocal; final, definitive; sour (milk); secant (geom.); (pl. ‫ﻗﻮاﻃــﻊ‬
qawāṭi’2) partition, screen | ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬
‫ ﻗـﺎﻃﻊ‬pl. ‫ ﻗﻄـﺎع اﻟﻄـﺮق‬quṭṭā’ aṭ-ṭuruq (or ‫ﻗﻄـﻊ‬
‫ اﻟﻄـﺮق‬quṭṯa’ aṭ-ṭ.) highway robber, holdup man, waylayer, brigand; ‫ﺑﺼـﻔﺔ‬
‫( ﻗﺎﻃﻌـﺔ‬bi-ṣifatin) unmistakably; ‫( ﺳــﻦ ﻗﺎﻃﻌــﺔ‬sinn) incisor; ‫ ﻃــﲑ ﻗﻮاﻃــﻊ‬ṭairun
qawāṭi’u migratory birds; ‫اﻟﺘـﺬاﻛﺮ‬ ‫ ﻗـﺎﻃﻊ‬ticket seller, conductor (streetcar, bus,
etc.)
O ‫ ﻗﺎﻃﻌﺔ‬qāṭi’a interrupter, circuit breaker (el.)
‫ ﻣﻘﻄــﻮع‬maqṭū’ cut off, severed, chopped off, etc.; ‫ ﻣﻘﻄــﻮع ﺑــﻪ‬decided,
finished, settled, done with (matter, affair); (pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﻃﻴﻊ‬maqāṭī’2) short poem
| ‫اﻟﻨﻈﲑ‬‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻮع‬matchless, peerless, unrivaled, unequaled

‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻋـﺔ‬maqṭū’a pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﻃﻴﻊ‬maqāṭī’2 piece (of music) | ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻋـﺔ ﻣﻮﺳـﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
Confidential
piece of music, musical composition
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻋﻴـﺔ‬maqṭū’īya share, portion, allotment: consumption | ‫( ﳌﻘﻄﻮﻋﻴـﺔ‬eg.)
in the lump, for a lump sum
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬muqaṭṭa’ torn, shredded
‫ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ‬muqṭi’ liege lord; -- muqṭa’ liege man, feudatory. feudal tenant,
vassal
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﻄ ــﻊ‬mutaqaṭṯi’ cut off, torn, ruptured, disrupted, interrupted;
discontinuous, flowing intermittently (electric current); in stages
(movement); staccato (voice); incoherent, disjointed (words) | ‫ﺗﻴـﺎر ﻣﺘﻘﻄـﻊ‬
(tayyār) alternating current
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻄﻊ‬munqaṭi’ cut off; severed, disjoined, separate(d), detached; chopped
off, detruncated; cut, cut in two, sundered, torn. ruptured, disrupted; broken;
broken off; interrupted, discontinued, stopped, blocked; disconnected,
turned off, switched off (electric current); halting, discontinuous,
intermittent, fitful; outlying, remote, out-of-the-way (region); devoted,
dedicated (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to), set aside exclusively, solely destined (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬for) |
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻄــﻊ اﻟﻨﻈــﲑ‬and ‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻄــﻊ اﻟﻘـﺮﻳﻦ‬unmatched, matchless, peerless, unrivaled,
unequaled, incomparable, singular, unique; ‫ ﻏـﲑ ﻣﻨﻘﻄـﻊ‬incessant, unceasing,
continual, uninterrupted
1263
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻄﻊ‬mustaqṭa’ cut, deduction (from salary)

‫ ﻗﻄـﻒ‬qaṭafa i (qaṯf, ‫ ﻗﻄـﻮف‬quṭūf) to pick (‫ ﻫ ـ‬flowers, fruit); to gather,
harvest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fruit); to pluck off, pull off, tear off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., leaves); (eg.) to
skim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a liquid from the surface): -- (qaṭf) to scratch, scratch up (‫ ه‬s.o.) II
= I VIII to pick (‫ ﻫـ‬flowers, fruit); to gather, harvest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fruit); to pluck off (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to select, choose, pick out (‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. from among)
‫ ﻗﻄﻒ‬qaṭf (act or instance of) picking, etc.; (pl. ‫ ﻗﻄﻮف‬quṭūf) scratch
‫ ﻗﻄﻒ‬qiṯāf picked fruit
‫ ﻗﻄـﺎف‬qiṭāf picking, gathering, harvest (of fruit); picking season, vintage,
harvest time
‫ داﱐ اﻟﻘﻄـﻮف‬dānī l-quṭūf within reach, at hand; easy to apply, easy to use,
handy
‫ ﻗﻄﻮف‬qaṭūf pl. ‫ ﻗﻄﻒ‬quṭuf short-stepped, slow
‫ ﻗﻄﻴﻔﺔ‬qaṭīfa velvet; plush
‫ ﻗﻄـﺎﺋﻒ‬qaṭā’if2, ‫ ﻗﻄـﺎﻳﻒ‬qaṭāyif2 (pl.) small, triangular doughnuts fried in
Confidential
melted butter and served with honey
‫ ﻣﻘﻄـﻒ‬miqṭaf pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﻃﻒ‬maqāṭif 2 implement for picking fruit, fruit
picker; vine knife
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻒ‬magṭaf pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻒ‬maqāṭif 2 basket
‫ اﻗﺘﻄﺎف‬iqtiṭāf picking, gathering, etc.; selection, choice, pick
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﻄﻒ‬muqtaṭaf pl. -āt selected or select piece; selection
‫ ﻗﻄﻘﻮﻃﺔ‬qaṭqūṭa young girl
‫ ﻗﻄﻞ‬qaṭala u i (qaṭf) to cut off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II = I
‫ ﻗﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬qaṭīla towel; floor rag
‫ ﻗﻄﻢ‬qaṭama i (qaṭm) to cut off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.): to break off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻄﻤﺔ‬qaṭma piece; bite, morsel
‫ اﳌﻘﻄﻢ‬al-muqaṭṭam a range of hills east of Cairo
‫ ﻗﻄﻤـﲑ‬qiṭmīr pellicle enveloping a date pit | ‫( ﻻ ﳝﻠـﻚ ﻗﻄﻤـﲑا‬yamliku) he
doesn’t own a thing, he hasn’t a red cent to his name
1‫ ﻗﻄﻦ‬qaṭana u (‫ ﻗﻄﻮن‬quṭūn) to live, dwell, reside (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬in a place);
to inhabit (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬a place) II to make live, settle (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. in)
1264
‫ ﻗﻄﻦ‬qaṭan small of the back

‫ ﻗﻄـﻦ‬quṭn, quṭun pl. ‫ اﻗﻄـﺎن‬aqṭān cotton | ‫ ﻗﻄـﻦ ﺧـﺎم‬raw cotton, cotton, wool,
unginned cotton; ‫( ﻗﻄـﻦ ﺳـﻜﺎرﺗﻮ‬It. scarto) (eg.) cotton waste; ‫( ﻗﻄـﻦ ﻃـﱯ‬ṭibbī)
absorbent cotton; ‫( ﻗﻄﻦ ﻣﻠﺘﻬﺐ‬multahib) guncotton; O ‫ ﺣﻄﺐ اﻟﻘﻄـﻦ‬ḥaṭab al-q.
excelsior; ‫ ﳏﻠﺞ اﻟﻘﻄﻦ‬miḥlaj al.q. cotton gin
‫ ﻗﻄﲏ‬quṭnī cotton (adj.)
‫ ﻗﻄﻨﻴﺔ‬quṭnīya, qiṭnīya pl. ‫ ﻗﻄﺎﱐ‬qaṭānīy pulse, legumes (peas, beans, lentils)
‫ ﻗﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬quṭānīya, qiṭānīya Indian corn, maize (tun.)
‫ ﻗﻄﺎن‬qaṭtān cotton manufacturer, cotton merchant
‫ ﻳﻘﻄﲔ‬yaqṭīn (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of squash
‫ ﻣﻘﻄﻨﺔ‬maqṭana cotton plantation
‫ ﻗﺎﻃﻦ‬qāṭin pl. ‫ ﻗﻄﺎن‬quṭṭān resident, domiciled; inhabitant, dweller
2‫ ﻗﻴﻄﻦ‬qīṭān pl. ‫ ﻗﻴﺎﻃﲔ‬qayāṭīn2 cord, braid, lace
‫ ﻗﻄﺎ‬qaṭan (coll.; n. un. ‫ ﻗﻄﺎة‬qaṭāh) sand grouse (Pterocles)
Confidential
‫ ﻗﻌـﺪ‬qa‘ada u (‫ ﻗﻌـﺪ‬qu‘ūd) to sit down, take a seat; to sit, be sitting; to
remain seated; to remain, stay, abide; to lie in wait (‫ ل‬for s.o.), waylay (‫ل‬
s.o.); to desist, abstain, refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), renounce waive (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻌـﺪ‬
to make s.o. sit down, make s.o. sit, seat s.o., induce s.o. to stay; to hamper,
handicap, hamstring, disable, paralyze s.o.; ‫ﻗﻌـﺪت ﺑـﻪ رﻛﺒﺘـﺎﻩ‬ (rukbatāhu) his
knees buckled under him; ‫ ﻗﻌـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﻦ‬to hold back, restrain, discourage, or
prevent s.o. from; ‫( ﻗﻌﺪ ﻋـﻦ اﻟـﺬﻫﺎب‬dahāb) he decided not to go; ‫ ﻗـﺎم وﻗﻌـﺪ‬to be
in a state of great anxiety, be seriously upset, be very agitated; to be very
alarmed (‫ ل‬by) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) sit down; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) sit; to cause or
induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to stay; to seat (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hold back, restrain, discourage,
prevent (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ s.o. from); to decrease, diminish, reduce (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); pass
uq‘ida to be lame, be crippled | ‫واﻗﻌﺪﻩ‬ ‫( اﻗﺎﻣﻪ‬aqāmahū) to
upset s.o. seriously, throw s.o. in a state of violent emotion; ‫اﻗﻌـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﳘﺘـﻪ‬
(himmatihī) to dampen s.o.’s zeal V not to desire (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.). not to be out for
s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to desist, abstain, refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) VI = V; to remain aloof,
1265
refrain, forbear, withdraw (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to be pensioned off, retire VIII to take

or use as a seat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sit down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to be, remain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in a state
or condition)
‫ ﻗﻌـﺪ‬qa‘ad slackers, shirkers of military service in times of war; also,
designation of the Khawarij
‫ ﻗﻌـﺪة‬qa‘da sitting; backside, seat, buttocks, posteriors; space occupied
while sitting, seating space | ‫ذو اﻟﻘﻌـﺪ‬ name of the eleventh month of the
Muslim year
‫ ﻗﻌـﺪة‬qi‘da manner of sitting, seat, pose, posture; space occupied while
sitting, seating space
‫ ﻗﻌـﺪة‬qu‘ada constantly or frequently sitting, sedentary; glued to the seat,
not budging, seated firmly; lazy, inert, indolent
‫ ﻗﻌـﺪي‬qu‘dī constantly or frequently sitting, sedentary; glued to the seat,
not budging, firmly seated; lazy, inert, indolent
‫ ﻗﻌـﻮد‬qa‘ūd pl. ‫ اﻗﻌـﺪة‬al-Qur'an‘ida ‫ ﻗﻌـﺪ‬qu‘ud, ‫ ﻗﻌـﺪان‬qi‘dān, ‫ ﻗﻌﺎﺋـﺪ‬qa‘ā’id2
young camel
‫ ﻗﻌــﻮد‬qu‘ūd sitting; desistance, abstention, refraining (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬from);
Confidential
renunciation, abandonment, waiver (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of)
‫ ﻗﻌﻴﺪ‬qa‘īd companion; one with whom one sits together; keeper, guardian,
supervisor, superintendent; crippled, disabled, infirm | ‫اﳌﻨـﺰل‬ ‫ ﻗﻌﻴـﺪ‬q. al-manzil
confined to one’s house or to one’s quarters
‫ ﻗﻌﻴﺪة‬qa‘īda pl. ‫ ﻗﻌﺎﺋﺪ‬qa‘ā’id2 woman companion; wife, spouse
‫ ﻣﻘﻌـﺪ‬maq‘ad pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﻌـﺪ‬maq‘ad2 s.th. to sit on, space to sit in; seat (in
general, in a theater, in parliament, etc.); chair; bench; sofa, settee; box,
driver’s seat (of a carriage or coach) | ‫ ﻣﻘﻌـﺪ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ‬chaise longue; ‫ﻣﻘﻌـﺪ ﻣـﺮﻳﺢ‬
(murīḥ) easy chair, armchair
‫ ﻣﻘﻌﺪة‬maq‘ada pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬maqā‘d2 backside, seat, buttocks, posteriors
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻋـﺪ‬taqā‘ud restraint, reticence, aloofness, reserve; retirement | ‫ﻣﻌـﺎش‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬ma‘āš at-t. retiring allowance, superannuation. pension; ‫اﺣﻴﻞ اﱃ اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬
(uḥīla) to be pensioned off, be superannuated, be retired
‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪ‬qā‘id pl. ‫ ﻗﻌـﻮد‬qu‘ūd, ‫ ﻗﻌـﺎد‬qu‘ād, sitting, seated; inactive, idle, lazy,
also ‫‘( ﻗﺎﻋـﺪ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬amal); ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪون‬qā‘idūn slacken, shirkers of military service
1266
in times of war; -- ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪ‬qā‘id pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻋـﺪ‬qawā‘id2 woman who, because of her

age, has ceased to bear children
‫ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬qā‘ida pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬qawā‘id2 foundation, groundwork; basis; fundament;
base (geom.; mil.); support, base, socle, foot, pedestal; O chassis,
undercarriage; precept, rule, principle, maxim; formula; method, manner,
mode; model, pattern | ‫اﻷﺳـﻄﻮل‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪة‬q. al-usṭūl or ‫( ﻗﺎﻋـﺪة ﲝﺮﻳـﺔ‬baḥrīya) naval
base; ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪة اﻟـﺒﻼد‬capital of the country; ‫( ﻗﺎﻋـﺪة ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬jawwīya) airbase; ‫ﻗﺎﻋـﺪة‬
‫( ﺣﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬ḥarbīya) base of operation; ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪة اﳌﻠـﻚ‬q. al-mulk seat of government;
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬misāḥat al-q. base, basal surface
‫ ﻣﻘﻌـﺪ‬muq‘ad brought to a standstill, stopped, arrested; lame, crippled,
disabled, infirm; an invalid
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ‬mutaqā‘id retired; pensioner
‫ ﻗﻌـﺮ‬qa‘ara u (‫ ﻗﻌـﺎرة‬qa‘āra) to be deep, hollowed out II to make deep or
deeper, deepen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hollow out, make hollow, excavate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
cry, shout, scream | ‫( ﻗﻌـﺮ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻣـﻪ‬kalāmihī) to speak gutturally IV to make
Confidential
deep or deeper, deepen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a well) V to be depressed, sunk, low, deep,
hollowed out, dished, concave; to descend to the bottom
‫ ﻗﻌـﺮ‬qa‘r pl. ‫ ﻗﻌـﻮر‬qu‘ūr bottom; depth; keel (of a ship); pit, hole, hollow,
cavity, depression | ‫ﺻﺎﻋﺪا‬ ‫( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻌﺮ‬ṣā‘idan) from the ground up
‫ ﻗﻌﺮة‬qa‘ra pit, hole, hollow, cavity, depression
‫ ﻗﻌﻮر‬qa‘ūr deep
‫ ﻗﻌﲑ‬qa‘īr deep
‫ ﻣﻘﻌــﺮ‬muqa‘‘ar depressed, sunk, low, deep; hollow, dished, concave;
curved; obscure (language)
‫ ﻗﻌـﺲ‬qa‘isa a (qa‘s) to have a protruding chest and hollow back, be
pigeon-breasted VI to remain aloof, keep away, stay away, desist, refrain
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to hesitate, waver, be reluctant (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to do s.th.); to fail, neglect
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬to do s.th.); to be uninterested (‫ ﻋﻦ‬in) XIV ‫ اﻗﻌﻨﺴﺲ‬iq‘ansasa = I
‫ اﻗﻌـﺲ‬aq‘asa having a protruding chest and hollow back, pigeon-breasted |
‫‘( ﻋﺰ اﻗﻌﺲ‬izz) firmly established power
‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻋﺲ‬taqā‘us negligence
1267
‫ ﻣﺘﻘــﺎﻋﺲ‬mutaqā‘is hesitant, wavering, reluctant; negligent, careless,

sloppy, listless, idle
‫ ﻗﻌﻘﻊ‬qa‘qa‘a (‫ ﻗﻌﻘﻌﺔ‬qa‘qa‘a) to clatter; to rattle; to clank
‫ ﻗﻌﻘﻊ‬qa‘qa‘, qu‘qu‘ magpie
‫ ﻗﻌﻘﻌـﺔ‬qa‘qa‘a clatter; rattle; clank, clang; noise, din; pl. ‫ ﻗﻌـﺎﻗﻊ‬qa‘āaqi‘
high-sounding words
‫ ﻗـﻒ‬qaffa u (‫ ﻗﻔـﻮف‬qufūf) to be dry, withered, shriveled; to dry up, wither,
shrivel; to contract, shrink; to bristle, stand on and (hair)
‫ ﻗﻔـﺔ‬quffa pl. ‫ ﻗﻔـﻒ‬qufaf large basket; (Mesopotamian) round boat, gufa
(ir.)
‫ ﻗﻔﺮ‬quffa, qaffa feverish shiver, ague fit
‫ ﻗﻔﺮ‬qafara u (qafr): ‫( ﻗﻔﺮ اﺛﺮﻩ‬atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks, track s.o. IV to
be or become empty, bleak, desolate, deserted, depopulated, unihabited,
devastated, waste; to be destitute, be devoid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of) to ravage, lay waste,
devastate, desolate, depopulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to abandon, leave in a state of
desolation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬houses, a city); to gnaw off, pick (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a bone) VIII to follow
Confidential
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬tracks, track (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻗﻔـﺮ‬qalr pl. ‫ ﻗﻔـﺎر‬qifār desert, wasteland, desolate region; empty, bleak,

forsaken, forlorn, deserted, lifeless, uninhabited, depopulated, devastated,
desolate, waste; destitute, devoid (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of) | ‫( )ارض ﻗﻔﺮ )ﻗﻔﺎر‬arḍ) wasteland; ‫ﺧﺒﺰ‬
‫( ﻗﻔﺮ‬kubz) plain bread, dry bread
‫ ﻗﻔﺮة‬qafra pl. qafarāt desert, wasteland, desolate region
‫ ﺧﺒﺰ ﻗﻔﺎر‬kubzun qafārun plain bread, dry bread
‫ ﻗﻔﲑ‬qafīr pl. ‫ ﻗﻔﺮان‬qufrān beehive
‫دﻳﺔ ﻗﻔﺮاء‬ bādiya qafrā’2 arid desert
‫اﻗﻔــﺎر‬
iqfār emptiness bleakness, desolateness, desolation; ravage,
devastation, depopulation
‫ ﻣﻘﻔــﺮ‬muqfir empty, bleak, forsaken, forlorn, deserted, lifeless,
uninhabited, depopulated, devastated, desolate, waste; destitute, devoid (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
of)
‫ ﻗﻔـﺰ‬qafaza i (qafz, ‫ ﻗﻔـﺰان‬qafazān) to jump, leap, spring, hurdle, bound; to
jump up, leap in the air; to jump off, take off V to put on or wear gloves
1268
‫ ﻗﻔـﺰ‬qafz jumping (also athlet.) | ‫( اﻟﻘﻔـﺰ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳊﺒـﻞ‬ḥabl) skipping the rope;
‫ اﻟﻘﻔﺰ ﻟﺰاﻧﺔ‬pole vaulting; ‫ ﻗﻔﺰ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬broad jump; ‫‘( ﻗﻔﺰ ﻋﺎل‬ālin) high jump
‫ ﻗﻔﺰة‬qafza pl. qafazāt jump, leap, spring, bound
‫ ﻗﻔﺎز‬quffāz pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﻔﺎﻓﻴﺰ‬qafāfīz2 glove; a pair of gloves
‫ ﻗﻔﻴـﺰ‬qafīz pl. ‫ اﻗﻔـﺰة‬aqfiza cafiz, a dry measure, ca. 496-640 l, = 16 whibas
(Tun.)
‫ ﻣﻘﻔﺰ‬maqfiz springboard
‫ ﻗﻔـﺶ‬qafaša i u (qafš) to gather, collect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to catch, seize,
grasp, grab; to find out, discover (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻔﺶ‬qafš prattle, chatter
‫ ﻗﻔﺸﺎت‬qafazāt (pl.) jokes
‫ ﻗﻔـﺺ‬qafaṣ pl. ‫ اﻗﻔـﺎص‬aqfāṣ cage; birdcage; pen, coop, wired enclosure;
basket (made of palm fronds); thorax, chest; (prisoner’s) dock (= ‫ـﺎم‬ ‫ﻗﻔـﺺ اﻻ‬
q. al-ittihām)
‫ ﺗﻘﻔﻴﺼﺔ‬taqfīṣa poultry coop
Confidential
‫ ﻗﻔﻄﺎن‬qufṭān pl. ‫ ﻗﻔـﺎﻃﲔ‬qafāṭīn caftam, a long-sleeved outer garment, open
in front and fastened by a ḥizām
‫ اﻟﻘﻔﻘﺎس‬al-qafqās the Caucasus
‫ ﻗﻔـﻊ‬qafa‘a a (qafa‘) to contract; to shrink; to shrivel, become wrinkled II
to shrivel (‫ ﻫـ‬the fingers; of the cold) V = I
‫ ﻗﻔﻊ‬qaf‘ testudo
‫ ﻗﻔﻘﻒ‬qafqafa (‫ ﻗﻔﻘﻔﺔ‬qafqafa) and II taqafqafa to shiver with cold
‫ ﻗﻔـﻞ‬qafala u i (‫ ﻗﻔـﻮل‬qufūl) to come home, come back, return; -- i (qafl) to
shut, close (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to latch, lock, shut up, bolt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to accumulate,
amass, hoard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II and IV to padlock (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to shut, close (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to switch off, shut off, turn off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cut off, stop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the supply of),
block, bar, close (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to latch, lock, shut up, bolt (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻔـﻞ‬qufl pl. ‫ اﻗﻔـﺎل‬aqfāl, ‫ ﻗﻔـﻮل‬qufūl padlock; lock, latch; bolt; O lock (of a
canal)
‫ ﻗﻔﺎل‬qaffāl locksmith
1269
‫ اﻗﻔــﺎل‬iqfāl shutting, closing, closure; shutting up; locking, bolting;

stoppage, blocking, blockage, barring, obstruction
‫ ﻗﺎﻓﻞ‬qāfil pl. ‫ ﻗﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬qāfila, ‫ ﻗﻔﺎل‬quffāl home-coming, returning; homecomer,
repatriate
‫ ﻗﺎﻓﻠـﺔ‬qāfila pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻓـﻞ‬qawāfil2 caravan; column; convoy | ‫ﻗﺎﻓﻠـﺔ )ﲡﺎرﻳـﺔ( ﲝﺮﻳـﺔ‬
(tijārīya, baḥrīya) or ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﻓﻠﺔ‬q. as-sufun naval convoy
‫ )ﻗﻔﺎ )ﻗﻔﻮ‬qafā u (qafw) to follow (‫ اﺛﺮﻩ‬atarahū s.o.’s tracks) II to send (‫ ب‬or
‫ ه ه‬s.o. after s.o. else); to rhyme, put into rhyme VIII ‫( اﻗﺘﻔـﻰ اﺛـﺮﻩ‬atarahū) to
follow s.o.’s tracks, track s.o.; to follow up, pursue s.o. (mil.); to follow in
s.o.’s tracks, follow s.o.’s example, imitate s.o.
‫ ﻗﻔـﺎ‬qafan m. and f., pl. ‫ اﻗﻔﻴـﺔ‬aqfiya, ‫ اﻗـﻒ‬aqfin, ‫ اﻗﻔـﺎء‬aqfā’, ‫ ﻗﻔـﻲ‬qufīy, qifīy
nape; occiput, back of the head; back; reverse; wrong side (of a fabric)
‫ ﻗﻔﺎء‬qafā’ nape; occiput, back of the head
‫ اﻗﺘﻔﺎء‬iqtifā’ following (of s.o.’s tracks), tracking; imitation
‫ ﻗﺎﻓﻴـﺔ‬qāfiya pl. ‫ ﻗـﻮاف‬qawāfin rhyme; (eg.) play on words, pun, double,
entendre; nape
Confidential
‫ ﻗﻴﻘﺐ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻗﺎﻗﻠﻲ‬,‫ ﻗﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬and ‫ ﻗﺎﻗﻢ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻗﻞ‬qalla i (qill, qull, ‫ ﻗﻠﺔ‬qilla) to be or become little, small, few (in number
or quantity), trifling, insignificant, inconsiderable, scant, scanty, sparse,
spare, meager; to be rare, scarce; to be of rare occurrence, happen seldom; to
decrease, diminish, wane, grow less; to be or become less, littler, smaller,
fewer (in number or quantity), more trifling, less significant, less
considerable, scanter, scantier, sparser (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬than); to be second, be inferior
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to s.o.) -- (qall) to pick up, raise, lift (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th. from the
ground); to carry (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |
‫( اﻻ ﻣـﺎ ﻗـﻞ وﻧـﺪر‬illā, wa-nadara) but for a few
exceptions, with a few exceptions only; ‫( ﻗـﻞ ﺻـﱪﻩ‬ṣabruhū) to be impatient
lose one’s patience II to make little or leas, diminish, lessen, decrease,
reduce, do seldom or less frequently (. or .,.. s.th.) IV = II; to do or give little
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬in or of); to pick up, raise, lift (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻦ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. from the ground); to be
able to carry (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to carry, transport, convey (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI
to think little (‫ ﻫـ‬of), scorn, disdain, despise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to find (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) little,
small, inconsiderable, insignificant, trifling; to esteem lightly, undervalue,
despise (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to make light (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), set little store (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬by),
1270
care little (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ for); to pick up, raise, lift (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to carry,
transport, convey (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to board (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a ship, a carriage,
or the like); to rise; to be independent; to possess alone (‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫اﺳﺘﻘﻞ ﲝﻤﻞ‬
(bi-ḥimlin) to assume a burden; ‫ﺑﺼـﻨﻌﻪ‬
‫( اﺳـﺘﻘﻞ‬bi-ṣan‘ihī) he alone made it, he
was the only one who made it; ‫( اﺳـﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬bi-nafsihī) to be entirely self-
reliant, be left to one’s own devices; to be independent, manage without
others, get along by oneself; (‫ﲟﻬﻤــﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺟــﺐ( اﺳــﺘﻘﻞ‬ (bi-muhimmatin, bi-
wājibin) to assume a task (or duty)
‫ ﻗﻠﻤﺎ‬qallamā (conj.) seldom, rarely; scarcely, barely, hardly
‫ﻗـ ــﻞ‬ qill, qull littleness, smallness, fewness; insignificance,
inconsiderableness, triviality, paucity, paltriness, scarceness, sparseness,
scantiness, insufficiency; a little, a small number, a small quantity, a
modicum; -- qill tremor
‫ ﻗﻠﺔ‬qalla recovery, recuperation; restoration of prosperity
‫ ﻗﻠـﺔ‬qulla highest point; top, summit; apex; vertex; (cannon) ball; (pl. ‫ﻗﻠـﻞ‬
qulal) jug, pitcher
Confidential
‫ ﻗﻠـﺔ‬qilla pl. ‫ ﻗﻠـﻞ‬qilal littleness, fewness; smallness, inconsiderableness,
insignificance, triviality; paucity, paltriness, scantiness, sparseness;
scarceness, rareness, rarity; minority; lack, want, deficiency, insufficiency,
scarcity | ‫ﻗﻠـﺔ اﻹﺣﺴـﺎس‬ q. al-iḥsās insensitivity, obtuseness; ‫ﻗﻠـﺔ اﳊﻴـﺎء‬ q. al-
ḥayā’ shamelessness, impudence, insolence, impertinence; ‫ ﻗﻠـﺔ اﻟﺼـﱪ‬q. aṣ-

ṣabr impatience; ‫ ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬scantiness, scarcity; rareness, rarity; ‫ ﲨـﻊ اﻟﻘﻠـﺔ‬jam‘
al-q. (gram.) plural of paucity (for persons or things whose number is
between three and ten)
‫ ﺑﻘﻠﻴﺘـﻪ‬bi-qillīyatihī completely, wholly, entirely | ‫( رﺣﻠـﻮا ﺑﻘﻠﻴـﺘﻬﻢ‬raḥalū) they
setout all together or with bag and baggage
‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬qalīl pl. ‫ اﻗـﻼء‬aqillā’, ‫ ﻗﻼﺋـﻞ‬qalā’il2, ‫ ﻗـﻼل‬qilāl little; few; insignificant,
inconsiderable, trifling; small (in number or quantity), scant, scanty, spare,
sparse, meager, insufficient; scarce, rare; a small number, a small quantity, a
modicum, a little (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of); ‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ‬qalīlan a little, somewhat; seldom, rarely | ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻼ‬
‫ ﻣـﺎ‬seldom, rarely; ‫ ﻗﻠـﻴﻼ ﻗﻠـﻴﻼ‬by and by, slowly, gradually; ‫ اﻟﻜـﻞ اﻻ ﻗﻠـﻴﻼ‬al-kull
illā q. almost everything, nearly all; ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ‬a little later, some time later on,
shortly afterward; shortly, before long; ‫ﻋـﻦ ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ‬ or ‫ﻋﻤـﺎ ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ‬ (‘ammā) soon,
1271
before long, shortly; ‫ﺑﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻻ ﺑﻘﻠﻴﻞ وﻻ‬to have absolutely nothing to do
with s.th.; ‫ ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ اﻷدب‬q. al-adab uncivil, impolite, rude, uncouth; ‫ ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ اﳊﻴـﺎء‬q.
al-ḥayā’ shameless, brazen, impudent, insolent, impertinent; ‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬low;
‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺼﱪ‬q. aṣ-ṣabr impatient; ‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬scanty, scarce; rare
‫ اﻗـﻞ‬aqalla less; fewer; smaller; rarer; ‫ اﻷﻗـﻞ‬the least, the minimum | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ اﻷﻗـﻞ‬or ‫ ﻷﻗـﻞ‬at the very least; at least; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻗـﻞ ﺗﻘـﺪﻳﺮ‬at the lowest estimate)
= ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻷﻗـﻞ; ﻻ اﻗـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ان‬aqalla) the least one can do is to ...; I (you, etc.)
could at least ...; ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ اﻗـﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬quite insignificant, all but negligible; ‫واﻗـﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ﻫﺬا وذاك ان‬let alone that …, not to mention that …, to say nothing of ...
‫ اﻗﻠﻴﺔ‬aqallīya smaller number, numerical inferiority; (pl. -āt) minority
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬taqlīl decrease, diminution, reduction
‫ اﻗﻼل‬iqlāl decrease, diminution, reduction
‫ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل‬istiqlāl independence
‫ اﺳـﺘﻘﻼﱄ‬istiqlālī of or pertaining to independence, independence (used
Confidential
attributively); proponent of independence
‫ ﻣﻘﻞ‬muqill propertyless, unpropertied, without means, poor, destitute
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬mustaqill independent; autonomous; separate, distinct, particular
‫ ﻗﻼووظ‬, ‫( ﻗﻼووز‬Turk. kılavuz) qalāwūẓ ship’s pilot; screw
‫ ﻗﻼﻳـﺔ‬qallāyz pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗـﻼﱄ‬qalālīy (monastic) cell; residence of the Coptic
Patriarch (Chr.)
‫ ﻗﻠـﺐ‬qalaba i (qalb) to turn around, turn about, turn up(ward), upturn (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to turn, turn over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn face up or face down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
turn inside out or outside in (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to turn upside down (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to tip, tilt
over, topple over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to invert, reverse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to overturn, upset,
topple (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to capsize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to roll over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to subvert,

overthrow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a government); to change, alter, turn, transform, convert,
transmute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ﻫـ ﻫـ‬ s.th. to or into s.th.); to transpose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
exchange
(‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. for s.th.) | ‫( ﻗﻠﺒﻪ رأﺳﺎ‬ra’san) to turn s.th. upside down; ‫ﻗﻠﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻇﻬﺮ‬
‫( ا ـﻦ‬ẓahra l-mijan) to show s.o. the back of the shield, i.e., to give s.o. the
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cold shoulder, become hostile to s.o. II to turn, turn around, turn about, turn
up(ward), upturn, turn over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn face up or face down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to turn inside out or outside in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn upside down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tip,
tilt over, topple over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to invert, reverse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to overturn, upset,
overthrow, topple (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to capsize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to roll over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn,
turn over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬pages); to rummage, ransack, rake (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to roll (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
stir (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to examine, study, scrutinize, investigate (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
change, alter, turn, transform, convert, transmute (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻫـ ﻫـ‬s.th. to or into
s.th.) | ‫( ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ ﺑـﲔ ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ‬yadaihi) to turn s.th. around in one’s hands, fidget with
s.th.; ‫( ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ ﺑﻌﻘﻠـﻪ‬bi-’aqlihī) to turn s.th. over in one’s mind, reflect on s.th.,
ponder s.th., brood over s.th.; ‫( ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ ﻇﻬـﺮا ﻟـﺒﻄﻦ‬ẓahran li-baṭnin) to turn s.th.
completely upside down, turn s.th. topsy-turvy, turn s.th. over and over; ‫ﻗﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻛﻔﻴــﻪ‬ (kaffaihi) to repent, be grieved; to be embarrassed; ‫ﻗﻠــﺐ ﻓﻴــﻪ اﻟﺒﺼــﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻠـﺐ ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬
Confidential
(baṣara) or (naẓara) to scrutinize, eye, regard s.th. V to be
turned around, be turned over, be reversed, be inverted; to be overturned, get
knocked over (e.g., a glass); to toss and turn, toss about; to writhe, twist,
squirm, wriggle; to be changed, be altered, change; to fluctuate (prices); to
be changeable, variable, inconstant, fickle (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.); to move (about), live,
be at home (‫ ﰲ‬in); to dispose (‫ ﰲ‬of), have at one’s disposal (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) | ‫ﺗﻘﻠـﺐ‬

‫( ﰲ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻋﺪﻳﺪة‬waẓā’ifa ‘adīdatin) he held numerous offices; ‫ﺗﻘﻠـﺐ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻌﻤـﺔ‬
‫( ))اﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ‬ni‘ma), ‫( ﺗﻘﻠﺐ ﰲ اﻋﻄﺎف اﻟﻌﻴﺶ اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ‬a. il-‘aiš) to lead a life of ease and
comfort, live in prosperity; ‫( ﺗﻘﻠـﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ رﻣﻀـﺎء اﻟﺒـﺆس‬ramḍā’ l-bu’s) to live in
utmost misery VII to be turned, be turned around, be turned about, be turned
up(ward), be upturned, be turned over; to be reversed, be inverted; to be
turned inside out or outside in; to be turned upside down, be toppled, get
knocked over; to be overturned, be upset, be overthrown; to be rolled, over;
to overturn, somersault; to capsize; to be changed, be altered, be
transformed, be converted, be transmuted; to change, turn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫اﱃ‬ into
s.th.), become (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to turn (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against; ‫ اﱃ‬to); to return; (with
foil. imperi.) to proceed suddenly to do s.th., shift, instantly to s.th., change
over to s.th. | ‫ﻟـﺒﻄﻦ‬ ‫( اﻧﻘﻠـﺐ ﻇﻬـﺮا‬ẓahra li-baṭnin) to be turned topsy-turvy; to be
completely devastated; ‫اﳍﺠﻮم‬ ‫ اﻧﻘﻠﺐ اﱃ‬to take the offensive
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‫ ﻗﻠ ــﺐ‬qalb reversal, inversion; overturn, upheaval; conversion,

transformation, transmutation; transposition (of letters), metathesis (gram.);
perversion, change, alteration; overthrow (of a government)
‫ ﻗﻠﺐ‬qalb pl. ‫ ﻗﻠﻮب‬qulūb heart; middle, center; core, gist, essence; marrow,
medulla, pith; the best or choicest part; mind, soul, spirit | ‫اﻷﺳـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻗﻠـﺐ‬q. al-
asad Regulus (star α in the constellation Leo; astron.); ‫ ﻗﻠـﺐ اﳍﺠـﻮم‬center
forward (soccer); ‫اﻟﻘﻠـﻮب‬ ‫ ﺳـﻮﻳﺪاء‬suwaidā’ al-q. the innermost of the heart, the
bottom of the heart; ‫ﺿــﻌﻴﻒ اﻟﻘﻠــﺐ‬ fainthearted, pusillanimous, recreant,
cowardly; ‫ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬qāsī l-q. hardhearted, callous, pitiless, merciless, cruel;
‫ ﻗﺴـﺎوة اﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‬qasāwat al-q. hardheartedness, callousness, pitilessness, cruelty;
‫ اﻧﻘﺒﺎض اﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‬dejectedness, despondency, dispiritedness, depression; ‫ﻋـﻦ ﻇﻬـﺮ‬
‫( اﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‬ẓahri l-q.) by heart; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺻـﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‬from the bottom of the heart, most
sincerely; ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬with all his heart; ‫ ﻗﻠﺒﺎ وﻗﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬qalban wa-qālaban with heart
and soul; inwardly and outwardly; ‫ )ﻗﻠـﻮ ت )اﻟﺴـﻜﺮ‬qulūbāt (as-sukkar) small
Confidential
candies, lozenges
‫ ﻗﻠـﱯ‬qalbī of or pertaining to the heart, heart- (in compounds), cardiac,
cardiacal; cordial, hearty, warm, sincere; ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻴـﺎ‬ qalbīyan cordially, heartily,
warmly, sincerely
‫ ﻗﻠـﺐ‬qulb, qalb, qilb palm pith, palm core (edible tuber growing at the
upper end of the palm trunk); qulb bracelet, bangle
‫ ﻗﻠﺒﺔ‬qalba (eg.) lapel; (pl. -āt) a measure of capacity (Tun.; = 20 l)
‫ ﻗﻠـﺐ‬qullab tending to change; agile, adaptable, resourceful; versatile,
many-sided, of varied skills or talents
‫ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬qālab, qālib pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻟﺐ‬qawālib2 form; mold; cake pan; model; matrix;
last, boot tree, shoe tree | ‫ﺟـﱭ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ‬q. jubn a chunk or loaf of cheese; ‫ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ‬
‫ ﺳـﻜﺮ‬q. sukar sugar loaf; ‫ ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﺻـﺎﺑﻮن‬q. ṣābūn a cake or bar of soap; ‫ﻗﻠﺒـﺎ وﻗﺎﻟﺒـﺎ‬
(qalban) with heart and soul; inwardly and outwardly
‫ ﻗﻠﻴﺐ‬qalīb m. and f., pl. ‫ اﻗﻠﺒﺔ‬aqliba, ‫ ﻗﻠﺐ‬qulub, ‫ ﻗﻠﺒﺎن‬qulbān well
‫ ﻗﻠـﻮب‬qalūb tending to change; agile, adaptable, resourceful; versatile,
many-sided
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‫ ﻗـﻼب‬qallāb changeable, variable, unsteady, inconstant, fickle, wavering,

vacillating; reversible, tiltable; dumper; tip wagon, skip | ‫‘( ﻋﺮﺑـﺔ ﻗﻼﺑـﺔ‬araba)
tipcart; ‫ﺧﻼط‬ ‫( ﻗﻼب‬kallāṭ) rotary mixer
‫ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ‬qallāba agitator, stirring machine
‫ ﻣﻘﻠـﺐ‬maqlab pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﺐ‬maqālib2 (eg.) refuse dump, dump pile, dump;
intrigue, scheme. plot; April fool’s joke
‫ ﻣﻘﻠﺐ‬miqlab pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺐ‬maqālib2 hoe
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴـﺐ‬taqlīb: ‫‘ ﻋﻨــﺪ ﺗﻘﻠﻴـﺐ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬inda t. in-naẓar on closer inspection or
examination, when examined more closely
‫ ﺗﻘﻠــﺐ‬taqallub pl. -āt alteration, transformation, change; variation;
fluctuation (of prices); changeableness, variableness, unsteadiness,
inconstancy, fickleness; pl. vicissitudes, ups and downs | ‫ﺟـﻮي‬ ‫( ﺗﻘﻠـﺐ‬jawwī)
change of weather; ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﺐ‬ ‫ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬very changeable, very fickle, capricious
‫ اﻧﻘ ــﻼب‬inqilāb upheaval; revolution, overthrow, bouleversement;
alteration, transformation, change; solstice | ‫اﻻﻧﻘﻼب‬ ‫ داﺋﺮة‬tropic (geogr.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻘﻠـﻮب‬maqlūb turned over, turned upside down, turned about, inverted,
inverse, reverse(d), etc.; infolded (bem, seam); reciprocal (math.) |
topsy-turvy; upside down; wrong side out; the other way round, reversely,
conversely, vice versa
‫ﳌﻘﻠـﻮب‬
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﻠــﺐ‬mutaqallib, also ‫ )ﻣﺘﻘﻠــﺐ اﻷﻃ ـﻮار )اﻷﺣ ـﻮال‬wavering, vacillating,

changeable, variable, inconstant, unsteady, fickle, capricious
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻠﺐ‬munqalab (place of overthrow, i.e.) the hereafter, the end one meets
in death, the way of all flesh, final destiny; tropic | ‫( ﻣﻨﻘﻠـﺐ‬šatawī) Tropic of
Capricorn; ‫ﺻﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﻨﻘﻠﺐ‬ṣaifī) Tropic of Cancer

‫ ﻗﻠﺒﻖ‬qalbaq a tall, usually cylindrical, fur cap
1‫ ﻗﻠﺢ‬qalaḥ yellowness of the teeth
‫ ﻗﻼح‬qulāḥ yellowness of the teeth
2 ‫ﻗﻮﳊﺔ‬qaulaḥa pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﱀ‬qawāliḥ2 (eg.) cob (of corn, and the like)
1 ‫ﻗﻠـﺪ‬II to adorn with a necklace (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a woman); to gird (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. with); to
invest (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.o. with an office), appoint (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. to an office), award (‫ﻫ ـ ه‬
to s.o. a decoration, an order), confer (‫ ﻫـ ه‬upon s.o. a rank); to grant (‫ ﻫـ ه‬to
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s.o. a favor); to entrust (‫ه‬‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. with the rule or government of s.th.), give
(‫ ه‬s.o.) authority or power (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th.); to follow blindly another’s (‫)ه‬
opinion; to copy, ape, imitate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to forge, counterfeit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to put
on or wear a necklace, adorn o.s. with a necklace; to gird o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), put
on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take upon o.s., assume (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp.
power, control, government)
‫ ﻗﻼدة‬qilāda pl. ‫ ﻗﻼﺋﺪ‬qalā’id2 necklace; pl. ‫ ﻗﻼﺋﺪ‬exquisite poems
‫ ﻣﻘﻠﺪ‬miqlad pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺪ‬maqālid2 key
‫ ﻣﻘـﻼد‬miqlād pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺪ‬maqālīd2 key | ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺪ اﻷﻣـﻮر‬key positions, power;
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺪ اﳊﻜـﻢ‬m. al-ḥukm the reins of government or power; ‫ﺗﺴـﻠﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺪ اﳊﻜـﻢ‬
(tasallama) to take over (the reins of) government, seize power; ‫اﻟﻘـﻰ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬
‫( ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ اﻷﻣﻮر‬alqā) to entrust s.o. with the management, put s.o. in charge
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴـﺪ‬taqlīd pl. ‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺪ‬taqālīd2 imitation; copying; blind, unquestioning
adoption (of concepts or ideas); uncritical faith
Confidential
(e.g., in a source’s authoritativeness); adoption of the legal decision of a
madhab (lsl. Law); pl. tradition; convention, custom, usage
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴـﺪي‬taqlīdī traditional, customary, conventional; based on uncritical
faith (e.g., in a source’s authoritativeness)
‫ ﻣﻘﻠـﺪ‬muqalld imitated, imitation, forged, counterfeit(ed), fake, sham,
spurious, false; tradition-bound
2‫ اﻗﻠﻴﺪ‬iqlīd pl. ‫ اﻗﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬aqālīd2 key
‫ ﲝﺮ اﻟﻘﻠﺰم‬baḥr al-qulzum the Red Sea

1‫ ﻗﻠـﺲ‬qalasa i (qals) to belch, burp, eruct II to bow (‫ ل‬to s.o.); (eg.) to
make fun (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of), poke fun (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at), ridicule (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., s.th.)

2 ‫ﻗﻠﺲ‬II to put a cap (‫ ﻗﻨﻠﺴﻮة‬qalansuwa, q.v., ‫ ه‬on s.o.’s head)
3‫ ﻗﻠﺲ‬qals pl. ‫ ﻗﻠﻮس‬qulūs hawser, cable, rope
1‫ ﻗﻠﺶ‬II to molt
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺶ‬taqlīš molting, molt
2‫( ﻗﺎﻟﻮش‬Fr. galoche) galōš pl. -āt galosh, overshoe
‫ ﻗﻠﺸﲔ‬qalšīn pl. ‫ ﻗﻼﺷﲔ‬qalāšīn2 puttee
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‫ ﻗﻠـﺺ‬qalaṣa i (‫ ﻗﻠـﺺ‬qulūṣ) to contract; to shrink (laundered garment); to

decrease, diminish; to dwindle, fade, wane, decline; to become shorter,
recede (shadow) | ‫ﻗﻠـﺺ ﻇﻠـﻪ‬ (ẓilluhū) his prestige declined; it decreased,
dwindled, faded II to contract, draw together (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tuck up, roll up (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) V = I; ‫ﻇﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﺺ ﻇﻠﻪ = ﻗﻠﺺ‬
‫ اﻗﻠﺺ‬aqlaṣa2 shorter
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﺺ‬taqallaṣa contraction, shrinking, shrinkage
‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻂ‬qillīṭ scrotal hernia
‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻂ‬qllīṭ afflicted with scrotal hernia
‫ ﻗﻠـﻊ‬qala‘a a (qal‘) to pluck out, tear out, pull out, weed out, uproot (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to root out, exterminate, extirpate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to take off (‫ ﻫـ‬clothes) | ‫ﻗﻠﻌﻪ‬
‫ ﻣـﻪ ﺟـﺬورﻩ‬to pull out s.th. with the root, II to pluck out, tear out, pull out,
weed out, uproot (. s.th.); to root out, exterminate, extirpate ( ‫ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to
set sail, prepare to sail, get under sail; to sail, put to sea, depart (ship); to
take off (airplane); to desist, abstain, refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); leave off, abandon,
Confidential
give up, renounce, relinquish (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) VIII to pluck out, tear out, pull out,
weed out, uproot (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); to root out, exterminate, extirpate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻠﻊ‬qil’ pl. ‫ ﻗﻠﻮع‬qul’, ‫ ﻗﻼع‬qilā’ sail (of a ship)
‫ ﻗﻠﻌﺔ‬qal’a pl. ‫ ﻗﻼع‬qilā’, ‫ ﻗﻠﻮع‬qulū’ fortress, stronghold, fort; citadel
‫ ﻗـﻼع‬qulā’ thrush, canker of the mouth, ulcerative stomatitis, stomacace
(med.)
‫ ﻗﻼﻋﻲ‬qulā’ī: ‫( اﳊﻤﻰ اﻟﻘﻼﻋﻴﺔ‬ḥummā) footand-and-mouth disease
‫ ﻣﻘﻠﻊ‬maqla’ pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻊ‬maqāli’2 stone quarry
‫ ﻣﻘﻼع‬miqlā’2 pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻴﻊ‬maqālī’2 slingshot, sling; catapult
‫ اﻗﻼع‬iqlā’ sailing, departure (of a ship); take-off (of an airplane)
‫ ﻗﻠﻌﻂ‬qal’aṭa to soil, sully, smirch (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻠﻌﻮط‬qul’ūṭ a heretic
1 ‫ ﻗﻠـﻒ‬qalafa i (qalf) to hark (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a tree), strip the bark (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from a tree); -- u
(qalf); ‫ﻗﻠﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫( ﻗﻠﻒ‬qulfatahū) to circumcise s.o.
‫ ﻗﻠﻒ‬qilf bark, rind (of a tree)
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‫ ﻗﻠﻔﺔ‬qulfa pl. ‫ ﻗﻠﻒ‬qulaf foreskin, prepuce

‫ ﻗﻼﻓﺔ‬qulāfa bark, rind (of a tree)
‫ ﻗﻠﻒ‬aqlaf2 uncircumcised
2‫ ﻗﻠﻒ‬II to calk (‫ ﻫـ‬a ship)
‫ ﻗﻼﻓﺔ‬qilāfa calking
3‫ ﻗﻠﻔﺔ‬qalfa pl. -āt (tun.) foreman; workman, manual laborer
‫ ﻗﻠﻔﻂ‬qalfaṭa to calk (‫ ﻫـ‬a ship); (eg.) to do sloppy work, scamp, bungle

‫ ﻗﻠﻔﻮن‬qalafūn and ‫ ﻗﻠﻔﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬qalafūnīya rosin, colophony
‫ ﻗﻠـﻖ‬qaliqa a (qalaq) to totter, be unsteady; to be or become uneasy,
disquieted, apprehensive, anxious, excited, agitated, upset, perturbed,
troubled, disturbed; to be restless, be sleepless, pass, a sleepless night, find
no sleep IV to trouble, worry, alarm, disturb, upset, disconcert, disquiet,
discompose, discomfit, discomfort, make uneasy or anxious (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o.,
s.th.); to make restless, fill with uneasiness or anxiety, perturb, agitate,
excite (‫ ه‬s.o.); to rob s.o. (‫ )ه‬of his rest
‫ ﻗﻠــﻖ‬qalaq unrest, uneasiness, disquiet, alarm; agitation, excitement,
Confidential
perturbation; stir, sensation; anxiety, apprehensiveness, apprehension, fear,
worry, concern; restlessness; sleeplessness; impatience
‫ ﻗﻠـﻖ‬qaliq uneasy, disquieted; apprehensive, worried, concerned, anxious;
agitated, excited, perturbed, upset; disturbed, troubled; restless; sleepless;
impatient
‫ ﻗﻠﻮق‬qalūq (eg.) restless
‫ اﻗﻼق‬iqlāq disquieting, troubling, perturbation; disturbance
‫ ﻣﻘﻠﻖ‬muqliq intrigant, schemer, troublemaker
‫ ﻗﻠﻘـﺎس‬qulqās (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt a variety of taro or elephant’s ear
(Colocasia antiquorum; bot.)
‫ ﻗﻠﻘـﻞ‬qalqala to move, commove, shake, convulse, unsettle (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to disturb, trouble, harass (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.; s.th.); to disquiet, alarm, excite,
agitate (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to stir up, incite to rebellion (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pronounce
accurately (the ‫ )ق‬II taqalqala to be or get in state of commotion, be shaken,
be convulsed, be unsettled, be disturbed, be troubled, be disquieted, be
alarmed, be excited, be agitated; to be stirred up, be incited to rebellion, be
incensed, be rebellious; to move, budge (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from one’s place), stir; to be
shaky, precarious, insecure (situation)
1278
‫ ﻗﻠﻘﻠـﺔ‬qalqala pl. ‫ ﻗﻼﻗـﻞ‬qalāqil2 unrest, excitement, agitation, commotion;

shock, convulsion, concussion; disturbance
‫( ﻗﻠﻘﻴﻠﺔ‬eg.) qulqēla pl. -āt clod, lump of earth
‫ ﻣﻘﻠﻘـﻞ‬muqalqal in a state of commotion, agitated, shaken, unsettled, etc.;
unstable, inconstant, unsteady
1 ‫ ﻗﻠـﻢ‬qalama i (qalm) to cut, clip, pure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬nails, etc.), prune, trim, lop (‫ﻫ ـ‬
trees, etc.) II do. | ‫ﻗﻠـﻢ اﻇﻔـﺎر ﺧﺼـﻤﻪ‬ (aẓāfira kaṣmihī) to neutralize, disarm
one’s opponent
‫ ﻗﻠـﻢ‬qalam pl. ‫ اﻗـﻼم‬aqlām reed pen; pen; writing, script, calligraphic style,
ductus; handwriting; style; office, bureau, agency, department; window,
counter; item, entry (com.); (eg.) stripe, streak, line; (eg.) slapin the face |
‫ ﺑﻘﻠﻤﻪ‬bi-qalamihī written by him; ‫ ﻗﻠﻢ اﳊﱪ‬q. al-ḥibr fountain pen; ‫ﻗﻠﻢ ﺣﱪ ﺟﺎف‬
(jāff) and ‫ ﻗﻠـﻢ ﺣـﱪ ﺷـﻒ‬ball-point pen; ‫ ﻗﻠـﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳـﺮ‬editor’s office, editing
room; ‫ ﻗﻠــﻢ اﳊﺮﻛــﺔ‬q. al-ḥaraka traffic bureau; ‫ ﻗﻠــﻢ اﳊﺴــﺎ ت‬q. al-ḥisābāt
accounting department; ‫ ﻗﻠــﻢ اﻹدارة‬q. al-idāra administration office, head
office; ‫اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬ ‫ ﻗﻠﻢ‬q. ar-raṣāṣ pencil; ‫ ﻗﻠﻢ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬travel agency; ‫ﻗﻠـﻢ اﻻﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻت‬
Confidential
information bureau; ‫ ﻗﻠـﻢ اﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋـﺎت‬press and information office; ‫ﻗﻠـﻢ اﻟﻘﻴـﻮدات‬
bureau of vital statistics, (G.B.) (general) register office; ‫ ﻗﻠـﻢ اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب‬q. al-
kuttāb clerical office; O ‫ ﻗﻠـﻢ اﻟﻜﻮﺑﻴـﺔ‬q. al-kūbīya indelible pencil, copying
pencil; ‫اﳌﺮور‬ ‫( ﻗﻠﻢ‬Eg.) Traffic Control Board

‫ ﻗﻼﻣﺔ‬qulāma pl. -āt clippings, cuttings, parings, shavings; nail cuttings
‫ ﻣﻘﻠﻤﺔ‬miqlama pl. -āt pen case
‫ ﺗﻘﻠـﻴﻢ‬taqlīm clipping, trimming, paring; pruning, lopping (of trees) | ‫ﺗﻘﻠـﻴﻢ‬
‫ اﻷﻇﺎﻓﺮ‬manicure
‫ ﻣﻘﻠـﻢ‬muqallam clipped, trimmed, pruned; (eg.) striped, streaked | ‫ﻣﻘﻠـﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﻈﻔﺮ‬m. aẓ-ẓufr powerless, helpless, weak
2‫ اﻗﻠـﻢ‬aqlama to acclimate, acclimatize, adapt, adjust II ta’aqlama to
acclimatize (o.s. )
‫ اﻗﻠـﻴﻢ‬iqlīm pl. ‫ اﻗـﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬aqālīm2 area, region; province; administrative district
(Eg. = ‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳـﺔ ; اﻷﻗـﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬the country, countryside, provinces (as opposed to the
city)
1279
‫ اﻗﻠﻴﻤـﻲ‬iqlīmī climatic; regional, local; territorial | ‫( اﳌﻴـﺎﻩ اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ‬miyāh)

territorial waters, coastal waters
‫ ﻗﻠﻨﺪار‬qalandār wandering dervish, calendar
‫ ﻗﻠﻨﺲ‬II taqalnasa to wear a cap
‫ ﻗﻠﻨﺴـﻮة‬qalansuwa and ‫ ﻗﻠﻨﺴـﻴﺔ‬qulansiya pl. ‫ ﻗﻼﻧـﻴﺲ‬qalānīs2 tall headgear,
tiara, cidaris; hood, cowl, capuche; cap
(‫ ﻗﻠـﻮ‬and ‫ﻗـﻼ‬(‫ ﻗﻠـﻲ‬qalā ū (qalw) and ‫ ﻗﻠـﻰ‬qalā i (qaly) to fry, bake, roast (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); -- ‫ ﻗﻼ‬qalā u (‫ ﻗﻼ‬qilan, ‫ ﻗﻼء‬qalā’), ‫ ﻗﻠﻰ‬qalā i and ‫ ﻗﻠﻲ‬qaliya a (‫ ﻗﻠﻰ‬qilan,
‫ ﻗﻼء‬qalā’, ‫ ﻣﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬maqliya) to hate, loathe, detest (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻗﻠﻮ‬qilw, ‫ ﻗﻠﻰ‬qilan, qily alkali, base, lye (chem.)
‫ ﻗﻠﻮي‬qilwī alkaline, basic; ‫ اﻟﻘﻠﻮ ت‬al-qilwīyāt the bases (chem.)
‫ ﻗﻼﻳﺔ‬qallāya frying vessel, cooking vessel; see also below
‫ ﻣﻘﻠﻰ‬miqlan and ‫ ﻣﻘﻼة‬miqlāh pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎل‬maqalin frying pan
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴـﺔ‬taqliya (eg.) sauce made of garlic, coriander and melted butter and
Confidential
served as a condiment
‫ ﻗﻠﻮز‬qalwaza to wind (the turban)
‫ ﻗﻼووز‬see under ‫ﻗﻠﻮظ‬
‫ ﻗﻠﻮظ‬qalwaza to join with screws, screw together
‫( ﻗﻼووظ‬also ‫ )ﻗﻼووز‬qalāwūẓ ship’s pilot; screw
1‫ ﻗﻼﻳﺔ‬qallāya (monk’s) cell; residence of the Coptic Patriarch
2 ‫ﻗﻠﻴﺔ‬qillīya (monk’s) cell

‫ ﻗﻢ‬qamma u (qamm) to sweep (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻤـﺔ‬qimma pl. ‫ ﻗﻤـﻢ‬qimam top, summit, peak, acme, apex | ‫ ﻗﻤـﺔ اﻟـﺮأس‬q. ar-
ra’s crown of the head; O ‫ ﻗﻤـﺔ اﳌﻮﺟـﻪ‬q. al-mauja wave peak (el.); ‫ﻫـﻮ ﺣﺴـﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻤـﺔ‬ (ḥasan al-q.) he is well-built; ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﻗﻤـﺔ اﻟـﺮأس اﱃ اﲬـﺺ اﻟﻘـﺪم‬akmaṣi l-
qadam) or ‫اﻷﲬﺺ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻤﺔ اﱃ‬from head to toe

‫ ﻗﻤﺎﻣـﺔ‬qumāma sweepings, rubbish, refuse, garbage | ‫ ﺻـﻨﺪوق اﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣـﺔ‬ṣundūq
al-q. garbage bin
‫ ﻗﻤﺎﺋﻢ‬qamā’im2 sweepings, rubbish
‫ ﻣﻘﻤﺔ‬miqamma pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎم‬maqamm2 broom
1280
‫ ﻗﻤـﺆ‬qamu’a u (‫ ﻗﻤـﺎءة‬qamā’a) to be little, lowly, despised, despicable; to

feel inferior, feel worthless
‫ ﻗﻤﻲء‬qamī’ lowly, little, small; insignificant, of little value
‫ ﻗﻤـﺎءة‬qamā’a lowliness, littleness, smallness; insignificance, puniness,
inferiority, despicability
‫ ﻗﻤﺢ‬II to give a portion only, pay an installment (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV to put forth
ears, ear, ripen (grain) | ‫( اﻗﻤـﺢ ﻧﻔـﻪ‬bi-anfihì) to be proud, bear one’s head
high
‫ ﻗﻤﺢ‬qamḥ wheat
‫ ﻗﻤﺤﻲ‬qamḥī wheat-colored, wheaten
‫ ﻗﻤﺤﺔ‬qamḥa pl. -āt wheat kernel; grain (in Eg. = .04875 g = ¼ ‫)ﻗﲑاط‬
‫ ﺷﻬﺮا ﻗﻤﺎح‬šahrā qumāḥ (qimāḥ) the two coldest months of winter
‫ ﻗﻤﺎح‬qammāḥ grain merchant, corn chandler
1‫ ﻗﻤـﺮ‬qamara i (qamr) to gamble; -- i u to defeat in gambling (‫ ه‬s.o.);
passs. Qumira to lose in gambling; -- qamira a (qamr) to be or become
snow-blind II to toast (‫ ﻫ ـ‬bread) III to gamble (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to .take, risk,
Confidential
hazard (‫ ب‬s.th.); to bet, speculate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) | ‫اﳋﺎﺳـﺮ‬ ‫( ﻗـﺎﻣﺮ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳉـﻮاد‬jawād) to
bet on the wrong horse IV to be moonlit (night) VI to gamble with one
another
‫ ﻗﻤـﺮ‬qamar snow blindness; -- (pl. ‫ اﻗﻤـﺎر‬aqmār) moon; satellite (astron.);
‫ اﻟﻘﻤـﺮان‬al-qamarān sun and moon ‫ﻗﻤـﺮ اﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬ q. ad-dīn a kind of jelly made
from apricots finely ground and dried in the sun; ‫ ﻗﻤﺮ ﻛﺎذب‬paraselene, mock
moon (astron.); ‫اﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ ﺣﺠﺮ‬ḥajar al-q. selenite (min.)
‫ ﻗﻤـﺮة‬qamara (n. un.) pl. -āt crescent (as an emblem on a uniform); (eg.)
moonlight; (eg.) skylight; see also below
‫ ﻗﻤﺮي‬qamarī of or pertaining to the moon, moon-shaped, moonlike, lunar |
‫( اﻷﺷﻬﺮ اﻟﻘﻤﺮﻳﺔ‬ašhur) the lunar months; ‫ اﳊﺮوف اﻟﻘﻤﺮﻳﺔ‬the moon letters (gram.)
‫ ﻗﻤﺮي‬qumrī (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻗﻤﺎري‬qamārīy a variety of turtledove
‫ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻗﻤﺮة‬laila qamira moonlit night
‫ ﻗﻤﺮﻳﺔ‬qamarīya pl. -āt (eg.) skylight, small window
‫ ﻗﻤﺮاء‬qamrā’2 moonlight
1281
‫ ﻗﻤﲑ‬qamīr pl. ‫ اﻗﻤﺎر‬aqmār fellow gambler, gambling partner, gambler

‫ اﻗﻤﺮ‬aqmar2, ‫ ﻗﻤﺮاء‬qamrā’2 moonlit (night); moon-white, bright, whitish
‫ ﻣﻘﻤـﺮ‬maqmar and ‫ ﻣﻘﻤـﺮة‬maqmara pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﻣﺮ‬maqāmir2 gambling house,
gambling hell
‫ ﻗﻤﺎر‬qimār gambling; bet, wager | ‫ آﻟﺔ ﻟﻌﺐ اﻟﻘﻤﺎر‬ālat la’b al-q. lot machine
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺮة‬muqāmara gambling
‫ ﻣﻘﻤﺮ‬muqammir, ‫( ﻣﻘﻤﺮ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋﻲ‬kahrabā’ī) toaster
‫ ﻣﻘﻤﺮ‬muqammar (eg.) toast, toasted bread
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺮ‬muqāamir gambler
‫ ﻣﻘﻤﺮ‬muqmir moonlit (night)
2 ‫( ﻗﻤﺮة‬It. camera) qamara, qamra pl. –āt berth, bunk, cabin, stateroom
‫ ﻗﻤﺮق‬qumrug pl. ‫ ﻗﻤﺎرق‬qamāriq2 customs (tun.)

‫ ﻗﻤﺰ‬qamaza u i (qamz) to take with the fingertips (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻤﺲ‬qamasa u i (qams) to dip, immerse, soak, steep (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.th. in)
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺎﻣﻮس‬qāmūs pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻣﻴﺲ‬qawāmīs2 ocean; dictionary, lexicon
‫ ﻗــﻮﻣﺲ‬qaumas pl. ‫ ﻗـﻮاﻣﺲ‬qawāmis2 depths of the sea; pl. mishaps,
misfortunes, adversities
1‫ ﻗﻤﺶ‬qamaša u i (qamš) to pick up, gather up, collect (‫ ﻫـ‬rubbish) II do.
‫ ﻗﻤﺎش‬qumāš rubbish, garbage, refuse, offal, trash, junk; (pl. ‫ اﻗﻤﺸﺔ‬aqmiša)

fabric, material, cloth | ‫ﻗﻤـﺎش اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ‬ q. al-bait household effects, furniture;
‫ ﻗﻤﺎش اﻟﻨﺎس‬the scum of the earth, riff-raff
‫ ﻗﻤﺎش‬qammāš draper, cloth merchant
2‫ ﻗﻤﺸﺔ‬qamša (eg.) strap, thong; leather whip, cowhide
2‫ ﻗﻤـﺺ‬qamaṣa u i (qamṣ, ‫ ﻗﻤـﺎص‬qumāṣ, qimāṣ) to gallop; to spring, jump,

leap, bound; to kick II do.
‫ ﻗﻤﺺ‬qamṣ gallop
2 ‫ ﻗﻤـﺺ‬II to clothe with a shirt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to put on or wear a shirt; to be
clothed, be vested (‫ ﻫـ‬with), dress, attire o.s., wrap o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬in), cloak o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬in
the mantle of; fig.); to transmigrate, pass into another body (spirit),
materialize (‫ ﻫـ‬in another body)
1282
‫ ﻗﻤـﻴﺺ‬qamīṣ pl. ‫ ﻗﻤـﺺ‬qumuṣ, ‫ اﻗﻤﺼـﺔ‬aqmiṣa, ‫ ﻗﻤﺼـﺎن‬qumṣān shirt; dress,

gown; covering, cover, case, wrap, envelope, jacket; (Chr.) alb, surplice,
rochet; incarnation | ‫اﻓﺮﳒـﻲ‬ ‫( ﻗﻤـﻴﺺ‬ifranjī) day shirt, upper shirt; ‫ ﻗﻤـﻴﺺ اﻟﻨـﻮم‬q.
an-naum night-gown
‫ ﺗﻘﻤ ــﻴﺺ‬taqmīṣ and ‫ ﺗﻘﻤ ــﺺ‬taqammuṣ transmigration of souls,
metempsychosis
3‫ ﻗﻤﺺ‬qummuṣ pl. ‫ ﻗﻤﺎﻣﺼﺔ‬qamāmiṣa archpriest, hegumen (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ ﻗﻤﻂ‬qamaṭa u i (qamṭ) to swaddle (‫ ه‬a baby); to fetter, shackle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to

dress, bandage (‫ ﻫـ‬a wound) II do.
‫ ﻗﻤﻂ‬qimṭ pl. ‫ اﻗﻤﺎط‬aqmāṭ rope, fetter
‫ ﻗﻤﻄﺔ‬qamṭa a kind of kerchief (eg.)
‫ ﻗﻤﺎط‬qimāṭ pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﻤﻂ‬qumuṭ, ‫ اﻗﻤﻄﺔ‬aqmiṭa swaddle, diaper
‫ ﻗﻤﻄـﺮ‬qamaṭr, qimṭar pl. ‫ ﻗﻤـﺎﻃﺮ‬qamāṭir2 receptacle for storing books;
satchel
‫ ﻗﻤـﻊ‬qama’a a (qam’) to tame, curb, bridle, restrain, check, suppress,
Confidential
repress, subdue (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to hinder, prevent (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from) II (eg.)
to cut off the upper end (‫ ﻫـ‬of an okra) IV = I
‫ ﻗﻤـﻊ‬qam’ repression, suppression, curbing, prevention; taming, subdual,
quelling, subjection
‫ ﻗﻤﻊ‬qam’, qim’, qima’ pl. ‫ اﻗﻤﺎع‬aqmā’ funnel; -- (pl. ‫ ﻗﻤـﻮع‬qumū’) stem (of
a fruit); pericarp | ‫اﳋﻴﺎط‬
‫ ﻗﻤﻊ‬q. al-kayyāt thimble; ‫ ﻗﻤﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﻜﺎرة‬cigar butt
‫ ﻗﻤﻘﻢ‬qamqama and II ‫ ﺗﻘﻤﻘﻢ‬taqamqama to complain, grumble, mutter
‫ ﻗﻤﻘـﻢ‬qumqum and ‫ ﻗﻤﻘﻤـﺔ‬qumquma pl. ‫ ﻗﻤـﺎﻗﻢ‬qamāqim2 a bulgy, long-
necked bottle
‫ ﻗﻤﻞ‬qamila a (qamal) to be lice-infested, teem with lice V do.
‫ ﻗﻤﻞ‬qaml (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬louse
‫ ﻗﻤﻞ‬qamil lousy, lice-infested
‫ ﻣﻘﻤﻞ‬muqammal lice-infested
1 ‫ ﻗﻤﻦ‬V to intend, purpose, propose (‫ ﻫـ‬to do s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻤﻦ‬gamin worthy, deserving (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
1283
‫ ﻗﻤــﲔ‬qamīn worthy (‫ ب‬of), adequate (‫ ب‬to), in keeping with (‫;)ب‬

fit(ting), appropriate, suitable (‫ ب‬for), capable (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﻣﻘﻤﻦ‬maqman adequate (‫ ل‬to), appropriate, suited, suitable, fit (‫ ل‬for)
2‫ ﻗﻤﲔ‬qamīn and ‫ ﻗﻤﻴﻨﺔ‬qamīna pl. -āt kiln, furnace
1 ‫ ﻗﻦ‬qunn pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎن‬qinān chicken coop, chicken house

‫ ﻗﻦ‬qinn pl. ‫ اﻗﻨﺎن‬aqnān, ‫ اﻗﻨﺔ‬aqinna slave, serf
‫ ﻗﻨﺔ‬qinna galbanum (bot.)
‫ ﻗﻨـﺔ‬qunna pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗـﻨﻦ‬qunan, ‫ ﻗﻨـﺎن‬qinān, ‫ ﻗﻨـﻮن‬qunūn mountaintop, summit,
peak
‫ ﻗﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬qunāna slavery, serfdom
‫ ﻗﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬qinnīna pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎن‬qanānin bottle, glass bottle; flask, flacon, vial
2‫ ﻗﻦ‬II to make laws, legislate; to determine, fix (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن‬qānūn pl. ‫ ﻗـﻮاﻧﲔ‬qawānīn2 canon; established principle, basic rule,

axiom, norm, regulation, rule, ordinance, prescript, precept, statute; law;
Confidential
code; tax, impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates; a stringed musical
instrument resembling the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal sound box, set
horizontally before the performer | ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫( اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬asāsī) basic constitutional
law; statutes; ‫ﻗــﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﺄﺳــﻴﺲ‬ statutes, constitution; ‫( اﻟﻘــﺎﻧﻮن اﳉﻨــﺎﺋﻲ‬jinā’ī)
criminal law, penal law; ‫ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن اﻷﺣـﻮال اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬ (šakṣīya) personal statute;
‫اﻟﻘ ــﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺪﺳ ــﺘﻮري‬ (dustūrī) constitutional law; ‫اﻟﻘ ــﺎﻧﻮن اﻟ ــﺪوﱄ‬ (duwalī)
international law; ‫اﳌﺮاﻓﻌـﺎت‬ ‫ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن‬q. al-murāfa’āt code of procedure (jur.; Eg.);
‫ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن اﺻـﻮل اﶈﺎﻛﻤـﺎت اﳊﻘﻮﻗﻴـﺔ‬do. (syr.); ‫ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺴـﻠﻚ اﻹداري‬q. as-silk al-idārī
administrative law; ‫( ﻗــﺎﻧﻮن ﻛﻴﻤـﺎوي‬kīmāwī) chemical formula; ‫اﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮن اﳌــﺪﱐ‬
(madanī) civil law
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬qānūnī canonical; legal, statutory; lawful, legitimate, licit, accordant
with law or regulations, valid, regular; legist, jurisprudent, jurist | ‫ﺻـﻴﺪﱄ‬
‫( ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬ṣaidalī) certified and licensed pharmacist; ‫ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬illegal
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬qānūnīya legality, lawfulness
‫ ﺗﻘﻨـﲔ‬taqnīn legislation, lawmaking; codification (jur.); regulation by law;
rationing
‫ ﻣﻘﻨﻦ‬muqannin legislative, lawmaking; lawgiver, lawmaker, legislator
1284
‫ ﻣﻘﻨﻦ‬muqannan determined, fixed

‫ ﻗﺎﻧﺊ‬qāni’ blood-red, deep-red
‫ ﻗﻨﺎل‬qanāl canal | ‫ ﻗﻨﺎل اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ‬the Suez Canal
‫ ﻗﻨﺐ‬qanb pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﻮب‬qunūb calyx
‫ ﻗﻨـﺐ‬qunnab, qinnab hemp (Cannabis indica; bot.) | ‫ ﺧـﻴﻂ اﻟﻘﻨـﺐ‬kaiṭ al-q.
hemp rope, string, cord, twine, packthread
‫ ﻗﻨﱯ‬qinnabī hempen, hemp (adj.)
‫ ﻣﻘﻨﺐ‬miqnab pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻧﺐ‬maqānib2 troop of horsemen
1‫ ﻗﻨﺒﺎر‬qunbār (ir.) bast rug, bast runner
2‫ ﻗﻨﱪ‬qunbur (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎﺑﺮ‬qanābir2 lark (zool.)
3‫ ﻗﻨﱪة‬qunbura pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎﺑﺮ‬qanābir2 bomb
4‫ ﻗﻨﺒﻮر‬qunbūr hump, hunch | ‫ﻗﻨﺒﻮر‬ ‫ اﺑﻮ‬abū qunbūr hunchback

‫ ﻗﻨﺒـﺎز‬qunbāz pl. ‫ ﻗﻨـﺎﺑﻴﺰ‬qanābīz2 (syr.) a long, sleeved garment worn by
men, open in front and fastened with a belt
1‫ ﻗﻨﺒـﻞ‬qanbal and ‫ ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ‬qanbala pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎﺑـﻞ‬qanābil2 troop of horsemen; troop,
Confidential
group, band
2 ‫ ﻗﻨﺒﻞ‬qanbala to bomb (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ‬qunbula pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎﺑـﻞ‬qanābil2 bomb, bomb shell; grenade, shell | ‫ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ‬
‫ ﺣﺎرﻗـﺔ‬incendiary bomb; ‫( ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ ذرﻳـﺔ‬darrīya) atomic bomb, A bomb; ‫ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ ﻏﺎزﻳـﺔ‬
(gāzīya) gas bomb, gas shell; ‫ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬ (mā’īya) depth charge; ‫ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ ﳏﺮﻗـﺔ‬
(muḥriqa) incendiary bomb; ‫ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺠـﺮة‬ (munfajira) high-explosive bomb;
‫( ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ ﻫﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻨﻴـﺔ‬haidrōjīnīya) hydrogen bomb, H bomb; ‫ ﻗﻨﺒﻠـﺔ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬q. al-yad or
‫( ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ ﻳﺪوﻳﺔ‬yadawīya) hand grenade
‫ ﻃﺎﺋﺮة ﻣﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ‬ṭā’ira muqanbila bomber; ‫ ﻣﻘﻨﺒﻼت‬bombers
‫ ﻗﻨﺒﻴﻂ‬qunnabīṭ cauliflower
‫ ﻗﻨﺖ‬qanata u (‫ ﻗﻨﻮت‬qunūt) to be obedient, submissive, humble
‫ ﻗﻨﻮت‬qunūt obedience to God, humility before God, devoutness, piety
‫ ﻗﻨﺠﺔ‬qanja pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﻨﺎج‬qināj Nile boat
‫ ﻗﻨـﺪ‬qand pl. ‫ ﻗﻨـﻮد‬qunūd hard crystalline mass formed by evaporating or
boiling cane sugar, candy
1285
‫ ﻣﻘﻨﻮد‬maqnūd and ‫ ﻣﻘﻨﺪ‬muqannad sweetened with qand

‫ ﻗﻨﺪز‬qunduz and ‫ ﻗﻨﺪس‬qundus beaver
‫ ﻗﻨﺪق‬qandaq pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎدق‬qanādiq2 gunstock, rifle butt
‫ ﻗﻨﺪﻟﻔﺖ‬qandalaft pl. -īya sexton, sacristan (Chr.)
‫ ﻗﻨﺪول‬qandūl aspalatus (bot.)
‫ ﻗﻨﺪﻳﻞ‬qindīl pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎدﻳﻞ‬qanādīl2 lamp; candlestick; candelabrum
‫ ﻗﻨﺰﻋﺔ‬qunza’a, qanza’a, qinzi’a pl. ‫ ﻗﻨـﺎزع‬qanāzi’2 tuft of hair; cock’s comb,
crest of a rooster
‫ ﻗـﻨﺺ‬qanaṣa i (qanṣ) and VIII to hunt, shoot, bag (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hunt up (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), get hold (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.); to make use, take advantage, avail o.s. (‫ اﻟﻈﺮوف‬of
the circumstances, ‫ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‬al-furṣa of the opportunity, and the like)

‫ ﻗﻨﺺ‬qanṣ hunting, shooting, hunt
‫ ﻗﻨﺺ‬qanaṣ quarry, bag, game
‫ ﻗﻨﻴﺺ‬qanīṣ game, quarry, bag, catch; hunter
Confidential
‫ ﻗﻨﺎص‬qannāṣ pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎﺻﺔ‬qanāṣa hunter
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﺺ‬qāniṣ pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎص‬qunnāṣ hunter
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﺼﺔ‬qāniṣa pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻧﺺ‬qawāniṣ2 gizzard
O ‫ ﻗﺎﻧﺼﺔ‬qāniṣa pl. -āt tank destroyer (Syr.; mil.)
‫ ﻣﻘﻨﻮص‬maqnūṣ quarry, bag, catch
‫ ﻗﻨﺼـﻞ‬qunṣul pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎﺻـﻞ‬qanāṣil2 consul | ‫ ﺋـﺐ اﻟﻘﻨﺼـﻞ‬and ‫ وﻛﻴـﻞ اﻟﻘﻨﺼـﻞ‬vice-
consul; ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫‘( ﻗﻨﺼﻞ‬āmm) consul general
‫ ﻗﻨﺼﻠﻲ‬qunṣulī consular
‫ ﻗﻨﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬qunṣulīya pl. -āt consulate | ‫‘( ﻗﻨﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬āmma) consulate general
‫ ﻗﻨﺼﻼﺗﻮ‬qunṣulātō consulate
‫ ﻗﻨﻂ‬qaniṭa a (qanaṭ), qanaṭa u i (‫ ﻗﻨﻮط‬qunūṭ) and qanuṭa u (‫ ﻗﻨﺎﻃـﺔ‬qanāṭa) to
despair, despond, become disheartened, be without hope, lose all courage II
to drive to despair, dishearten, discourage (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do.
‫ ﻗــﻨﻂ‬qanaṯ and ‫ ﻗﻨــﻮط‬qunūṭ despair, despondency, desperateness,
hopelessness
‫ ﻗﻨﻂ‬qaniṭ and ‫ ﻗﻨﻮط‬qanūṭ despairing, desperate, disheartened, discouraged
1286
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻂ‬qāniṭ despairing, desperate, despondent, disheartened, discouraged

1 ‫ ﻗﻨﻄﺮ‬qantara to arch, span, vault (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻨﻄـﺮة‬qantara pl. ‫ ﻗﻨـﺎﻃﺮ‬qanāṭir2 arched bridge, stone bridge; vault, arch;
archway, arcade; arches, viaduct, aqueduct (esp. pl.); dam, weir | ‫ﻣﻮازﻧـﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﻄـﺮة‬
regulator, regulating device (at a canal, esp. in the Egyptian irrigation
system); ‫اﳋﲑﻳﺔ‬ ‫( اﻟﻘﻨﺎﻃﺮ‬kairīya) the Barrages, at the entrance of the Nile delta,
about 15 miles north of Cairo
‫ ﻣﻘﻨﻄﺮ‬muqanṭar vaulted, arched, arcaded
‫ ﻗﻨﻄﺮ‬qanṭara to possess tremendous riches
‫ ﻗﻨﻄـﺎر‬qinṭār pl. ‫ ﻗﻨـﺎﻃﲑ‬qanāṭīr2 kantar, a varying weight of 100 ‫ رﻃـﻞ‬raṭl (in
Eg. = 44.93 kg, in Tunisia = 53.9 kg, in Syria = 256.4 kg) | ‫ﻗﻨـﺎﻃﲑ ﻣﻘﻨﻄـﺮة‬
(muqanṭara) accumulated riches; tremendous sums
‫ ﻗﻨﻄﺎرﻳﻮن‬qinṭārīyūn centaury (Erythrea centauricum; bot.)
‫ ﻗﻨﻄﺮﻣﺔ‬qanṭarma pl. -āt snaffle, bridoon
‫ ﻗﻨـﻊ‬qani’a a (qana’, ‫ ﻗﻨﻌـﺎن‬qun’ān, ‫ ﻗﻨﺎﻋـﺔ‬qanā’a) to content o.s., be content,
Confidential
be satisfied (‫ ب‬with); to be convinced II to mask (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the face); to veil (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
face, to a woman); to satisfy, content (‫ ه‬s.o.), give satisfaction (‫ ه‬to); to
convince (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. of); to persuade (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to content, satisfy (‫ ه‬s.o.),
give satisfaction (‫ ه‬to); to convince (‫ ه‬s.o.); to induce, persuade (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o.
to do s.th.), prevail (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬upon s.o. to do s.th.) V to mask or conceal one’s
face; to veil one’s face, be veiled, wear a veil VIII to content o.s., be content
(‫ ب‬with); to be convinced (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﻗﻨﻊ‬qin‘ pl. ‫ اﻗﻨﺎع‬aqnā‘ arms, weapons, armor
‫ ﻗﻨـﻊ‬qana‘ contentment, content, contentedness; frugality, moderation,
temperance, abstemiousness
‫ ﻗﻨﺎﻋـﺔ‬qanā‘a satisfaction; contentment, content, contentedness; frugality,
temperance, moderation
‫ ﻗﻨﻊ‬qani‘ satisfied, content, contented; temperate, moderate, abstemious
‫ ﻗﻨـﺎع‬qinā‘ pl. ‫ ﻗﻨـﻊ‬qunu‘ arms, weapons, armor; -- (pl. ‫ اﻗﻨﻌـﺔ‬aqni‘a, also
‫ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺎت‬qinā‘āt) veil, head veil; mask; pericardium | ‫( ﻗﻨﺎع واق‬wāqin) gas mask
1287
‫ ﻗﻨـﻮع‬qanū‘ pl. ‫ ﻗﻨــﻊ‬qunu‘ satisfied, content (‫ ب‬with); frugal, modest,

temperate
‫ ﻣﻘﻨـﻊ‬maqna‘ sufficiency | ‫ ﰲ ذﻟـﻚ ﻣﻘﻨـﻊ ﻟـﻪ‬that is enough for him, he may
content himself with that
‫ اﻗﻨــﺎع‬iqnā‘ satisfying, satisfaction, contenting (of s.o.); persuasion;
convincing, convincement, conviction
‫ ﺗﻘﻨﻊ‬taqannu‘ mummery, masquerade
‫ اﻗﺘﻨـﺎع‬iqtinā‘ satisfaction, contentment, content, contentedness; conviction
(= convincedness)
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻊ‬qāni‘ satisfied, content (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻣﻘﻨﻊ‬muqanna‘ veiled; masked
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﻨﻊ‬muqtani‘ satisfied, content (‫ ب‬with); convinced
‫ ﻗﻨﻔـﺬ‬qunfud pl. ‫ ﻗﻨﺎﻓـﺬ‬qanāfid2 hedgehog | ‫ ﻗﻨﻔـﺬ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬q. al-baḥr or ‫ﻗﻨﻔـﺬ ﲝـﺮي‬
(baḥrī) sea urchin (Echinus; zool.); porcupine fish (Diodon; zool.)
‫ ﻗﻨﻘﺮ‬qanqar kangaroo
‫ ﻗﻨﺎل‬look up alphabetically
Confidential
1‫ ﻗﻨﻢ‬qanima a (qanam) to be or become rancid, rank
‫ ﻗﻨﻮﻣﺔ‬qannūma sacred fish (Mormyrus oxyrhynchus)
2‫ اﻗﻨـﻮم‬uqnūm pl. ‫ اﻗـﺎﻧﻴﻢ‬aqānīm2 hypostasis, person of the Trinity (Chr.);
basic element, substance, subsistent principle
‫ )ﻗﻨـﻮ‬and ‫ ﻗـﲏ( ﻗﻨـﺎ‬qanā u (‫ ﻗﻨـﻮ‬qanw, qunūw, ‫ ﻗﻨـﻮة‬qunwa, ‫ ﻗﻨـﻮان‬qunwān) to
acquire, appropriate, make one’s own (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to possess, own, have (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); -- ‫ ﻗﲎ‬qanā i (qany, ‫ ﻗﻨﻴﺎن‬qunyān) to acquire, gain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); -- ‫ ﻗﲏ‬qaniya
a (‫ ﻗﻨـﺎ‬qanan) to be hooked, aquiline (nose) II to dig (a canal) VIII to acquire

(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to get, procure, purchase (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻨـﻮ‬qunw, qinw pl. ‫ اﻗﻨـﺎء‬aqnā’, ‫ ﻗﻨـﻮان‬qunwān, qinwān, ‫ ﻗﻨﻴـﺎن‬qunyān, qinyān
bunch of dates
‫ ﻗﻨــﻮة‬qunwa, qinwa appropriation, acquisition; property in livestock,
wealth, fortune, possessions, property
‫ ﻗﻨﻴﺔ‬qunya, qinya acquisition, property
‫ ﻗﻨـﺎة‬qanàh pl. ‫ ﻗـﲎ‬qanan, qunīy, ‫ ﻗﻨـﺎء‬qinā’, ‫ ﻗﻨـﻮات‬qanawāt, ‫ ﻗﻨﻴـﺎت‬qanayāt
spear, (bamboo) lance; shaft; tube, duct, pipe; -- (pl. ‫اﻗﻨﻴـﺔ‬ aqniya, ‫ﻗﻨـﻮات‬
1288
qanawāt) canal; stream, waterway | ‫دﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﻗﻨﺎة‬dam‘īya) lachrymal canal; ‫ﻗﻨـﺎة‬

‫ اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ‬q. al-’alam flagpole; ‫ ﻻﻧـﺖ ﻗﻨﺎﺗـﻪ‬lānat qanātuhū to soften, relent; to yield,
give in
‫ ﻗﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬qanāya pl. -āt small stream, rivulet, runnel, canal
O ‫ ﻗﻨﻴﺔ‬qunayya cannula
‫ اﻗﲎ‬aqnā bent, curved, crooked, hooked
‫ اﻗﺘﻨﺎء‬iqtinā’ purchase, acquisition
‫ ﻗﺎن‬qānin pl. ‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬qāniya possessor, owner; see also alphabetically
‫ ﻣﻘﺘﲎ‬muqtanan pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺘﻨﻴﺎت‬muqtanayāt thing acquired, acquisition
‫ ﻗﻬﺮ‬qahara a (qahr) to subject, subjugate, conquer, vanquish, defeat (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.); to subdue, overpower, overwhelm, overcome (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to
force, compel, coerce (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. to)
‫ ﻗﻬــﺮ‬qahr vanquishing, subdual, subjection, subjugation; compulsion,
coercion, force; (eg.) annoyance, trouble, sorrow, grief; ‫ ﻗﻬـﺮا‬qahran forcibly,
Confidential
by force; perforce, of necessity
‫ ﻗﻬﺮة‬quhra compulsion, coercion, constraint, force
‫ ﻗﻬﺮي‬qahrī compelling, compulsory, mandatory, coercive; forcible, forced
| ‫ﻗﻬﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ اﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬forced smile; ‫( ﺳﺒﺐ ﻗﻬﺮي‬sabab) compelling reason
‫ ﻗــﺎﻫﺮ‬qāhir forcible, cogent, overpowering, irresistible; vanquisher,
conqueror, victor; ‫ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮ‬the planet Mars
‫ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‬miṣr al-qāhira or ‫ اﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮة‬al-qāhira Cairo

‫ ﻗﺎﻫﺮي‬qāhirī Cairene; (pl. -ūn) a Cairene
‫ ﻗﻬـﺎر‬qahhār conquering, vanquishing; ‫ اﻟﻘﻬـﺎر‬the Subduer, the Almighty
(God)
‫ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎن‬qahramān pl. ‫ ﻗﻬﺎرﻣﺔ‬qahārima steward, butler, household manager
‫ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬qahramāna (woman) housekeeper
‫ ﻗﻬﻘـﺮ‬qahqara to move backward, go back, fall back, retreat, withdraw; to
fall behind, lag behind; to recede, retrogress, retrograde, decline, degenerate,
deteriorate II taqahqara do.
‫ ﻗﻬﻘـﺮة‬qahqara backward movement, recedence, recession, retrogression,
fall-back, retreat; decline, retrogradation, degeneration
1289
‫ ﻗﻬﻘـﺮى‬qahqarā backward movement, recedence, recession, retrogression,

fallback, retreat; decline, retrogradation, degeneration | ‫ﻋـﺎد اﻟﻘﻬﻘـﺮى‬ to fall
back, retreat, withdraw
‫ ﺗﻘﻬﻘـﺮ‬taqahqur regress, recession, recedence, retrogression, lag, fallback,
retreat
‫ ﻗﻬﻘﻪ‬qahqaha to laugh boisterously, guffaw
‫ ﻗﻬﻘﻬﺔ‬qahqaha loud burst of laughter, guffaw, horselaugh
‫ ﻗﻬـﻮة‬qahwa coffee; (pl. qahawāt and ‫ ﻗﻬـﺎوي‬qahāwī) cafe, coffeehouse |
‫ ﻗﻬﻮة ﺳﺎدة‬coffee without sugar
‫ ﻗﻬﻮاﰐ‬qahwātī, qahawātī pl. -īya (syr.) coffeehouse owner
‫ ﻗﻬﻮﺟﻲ‬qahwajī coffeehouse owner; coffee cook
‫ ﻣﻘﻬﻰ‬maqhan and ‫ ﻣﻘﻬﺎة‬maqhāh pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻩ‬maqāhin cafe, coffeehouse
‫ ﻣﻘﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬maqhāya (yem.) cafe, coffeehouse
‫ ﻗﻬـﻲ‬qahiya a: ‫( ﻗﻬـﻲ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻄﻌـﺎم‬ṭa‘ām) and IV ‫ اﻗﻬـﻰ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻄﻌـﺎم‬to have little
appetite
Confidential
‫ ﻗﺎﻩ‬qāhin supplied with provisions
(‫ﻗـﺎب‬ (‫ ﻗـﻮب‬qāba u (qaub) to dig; to dig up, burrow, excavate, hollow out
(‫ ﻫـ‬the ground) II do. V to break open, burst open (egg)
‫ ﻗـﺎب‬qāb small distance; short span (between the middle and the end of a
bow) | ‫ﻗﻮﺳﲔ‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎب‬q. qausain) quite near, very close; imminent; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎب‬
‫( ﶈﺔ‬q. lamḥa) in a moment
‫ ﻗﻮب‬qūb pl. ‫ اﻗﻮاب‬aqwāb young bird, chick
‫ ﻗﻮ ء‬qūbā’, quwabā’2 and ‫ ﻗﻮﺑﺔ‬qūba, quwaba pl. ‫ ﻗﻮب‬quwab tetter (med.)
(‫ﻗـﺎت‬(‫ ﻗـﻮت‬qāta u (qaut, qūt, ‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺗـﺔ‬qiyāta) to feed, nourish, subsist, sustain,
support (‫ ه‬s.o.), provide for the support (‫ ه‬of) II and IV do. V to be fed, be
supported; to feed, livo (‫ ب‬on s.th.); to eat (‫ ب‬s.th.) VIII do.; to take in or
absorb as nourishment (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﺎت‬qāt kat (Catha edulis Forskàl; bot.); the leaves of this shrub which act
as an excitant when chewed | ‫ﻗـﺎت اﻟﺮﻋﻴـﺎن‬ q. ar-ru‘yān a variety of lettuce
(Lactuca inermis Forsk.; bot.)
1290
‫ ﻗـﻮت‬qūt pl. ‫ اﻗـﻮات‬aqwāt nutriment, aliment, nourishment, food, viands |

‫ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻘﻮت‬mawādd al-q. foodstuffs
‫ ﺗﻘﻮت‬taqawwut nutrition, alimentation
‫ اﳌﻘﻴﺖ‬al-muqīt the Feeder, the Nourisher (God)
‫ )ﻗـﺎح )ﻗـﻮح‬qāḥa u (qauḥ) to fester, suppurate, swell (wound); to sweep (‫ﻫ ـ‬
the house) II to sweep (‫ ﻫـ‬the house) III to quarrel, pick a quarrel V to fester,
suppurate, swell
‫ ﻗﺎﺣﺔ‬qāḥa pl. ‫ ﻗﻮح‬qūḥ courtyard
‫ )ﻗـﺎد )ﻗـﻮد‬qāda u (quad, ‫ ﻗﻴـﺎد‬qiyād, ‫ ﻗﻴـﺎدة‬qiyada, ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎدة‬maqāda) to lead, lead
by a halter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to conduct, guide, engineer, steer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to drive,
steer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., an automobile), pilot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an airplane); to pander, pimp IV to
cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to retaliate VII to be led, be guided; to follow, obey (‫ ل‬s.o.),

yield, submit (‫ ل‬to s.o.) VIII to lead; to be led X to retaliate
‫ ﻗﻮد‬qaud leadership; pandering, pimping
Confidential
‫ ﻗﻮد‬qawad retaliation
‫ ﻗﻮاد‬qawwād pander, pimp, procurer
‫ ﻗﺆود‬qa’ūd tractable, docile, amenable, manageable; trained (horse)
‫ اﻗﻮد‬aqwad2 tractable, docile, amenable, manageable
‫ ﻗﻴﺎد‬qiyād leadership, guidance; leading rope, halter | ‫ ﺳـﻠﺲ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎد‬salis al-q.
tractable, docile, amenable, manageable, pliant; ‫ﺻــﻌﺐ اﻟﻘﻴــﺎد‬ ṣa’b al-q.
intractable, unruly, ungovernable
‫ ﻗﻴــﺎدة‬qiyāda leadership, guidance; driving, steering, steerage (of a
vehicle); command | ‫‘( )اﻟﻘﻴـﺎدة اﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺎ )اﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬ulyā, ‘āmma) supreme command;
‫‘ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬ajalat al-q. steering wheel (of an automobile)
‫ ﻣﻘﻮد‬miqwad pl. ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎود‬maqawid leading rope, leading rein, halter; steering
mechanism; steering wheel
‫ اﻧﻘﻴﺎد‬inqiyād obedience, compliances, yielding, submission
‫ ﻗﺎﺋـﺪ‬qā’id pl. ‫ ﻗـﻮاد‬quwwād, ‫ ﻗـﻮد‬quwwad, ‫ ﻗـﺎدة‬qāda, ‫ ﻗـﺎدات‬qādāt leader;
directors, manager; head, chief; commander, commandant; high-ranking
officer, senior officer; caïd, native governmental officer heading a caïdate in
Tunisia; steersman, helmsman | ‫اﳉـﻴﺶ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﺋـﺪ‬q. al-jaiš commander of an army,
1291
general; ‫ﻗﺎﺋــﺪ اﻟﻌ ـﺎم‬ (‘āmm) supreme commander; ‫( اﻟﻘﺎﺋ ــﺪ اﻷﻋﻠــﻰ‬a’lā)
commander-in-chief of the Eg. navy; ‫‘( ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﻋﺎم اﻷﺳﺎﻃﻴﻞ اﳉﻮﻳﺔ‬āmm, jawwīya)
lieutenant general of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫( ﻗﺎﺋـﺪ اﻷﺳـﺎﻃﻴﻞ اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬jawwīya)
major general of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫ ﻗﺎﺋـﺪ اﺳـﻄﻮل اﳉـﻮي‬q. usṭūl jawwī
colonel of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫ ﻗﺎﺋـﺪ ﻟـﻮاء ﺟـﻮي‬lieutenant colonel of the
Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫ ﻗﺎﺋـﺪ ﻓﺮﻗـﺔ ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬q. firqa jawwīya major of the Air Force
(Eg. 1939); ‫ ﻗﺎﺋـﺪ ﺟﻨـﺎح‬q. janāḥ wing commander (Eg. 1939); ‫ ﻗﺎﺋـﺪ ﺳـﺮب‬q. sirb
captain of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); ‫اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎدة‬q. al-fikr leading thinkers
‫ ﻗﻮر‬II to make a round hole (‫ ﻫـ‬in s.th.); to gouge, scoop out, hollow out (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to cut out in a round form, cut round (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to coil (snake) VIII
‫ اﻗﺘﺎر‬and ‫ اﻗﺘﻮر‬iqtawara = II
‫ ﻗﺎر‬qār pitch; tar
‫ ﻗﺎرة‬qāra pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﻮر‬qūr, ‫ ﻗﲑان‬qīrān hill; see also qarra under; ‫ﻗﺮ‬
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻘﻮرة‬miqwara gouge
‫ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺮ‬taqwīr gouging, hollowing out
‫ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺮة‬taqwīra neckline (of a garment)
‫ ﻣﻘـﻮر‬muqawwar cut out in a round form; gouged, hollowed out, scooped
out; chiseled out; low-cut, low-necked, décolleté (dress)
‫ ﻗﻮرﻣـﺔ‬qawurma (eg.) mutton or beef cut in small pieces and braised with
squash (qar’) or onions and tomatoes
‫ ﻗـﻮس‬qawisa a (qawas) to be bent, curved, crooked II = I; to bend, curve,
crook (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to shoot V = I; to bend
‫ ﻗـﻮس‬qaus m. and f., pl. of ‫ اﻗـﻮاس‬aqwās, ‫ ﻗﺴـﻲ‬qusīy, qisīy bow, longbow;
arc (geom.); arch, vault (arch.; of a bridge); violin bows, fiddlestick;
semicircular table; ‫ﻗﻮﺳـﺎن‬ parentheses (punctuation marks); ‫اﻟﻘـﻮس‬ Sagittas,
the Archer (sign of the zodiac) | ‫ﻗﻮﺳـﲔ‬ ‫( ﺑـﲔ‬qausain) in parentheses; ‫ﻗـﻮس ﻗـﺰح‬
q. quzaḥa rainbow; ‫ﻗـﻮس اﻟﻨـﺪف‬ q. an-nadf teasing bow (for combing or
carding cotton); ‫اﻟﻨﺼـﺮ‬ ‫ ﻗـﻮس‬q. an-naṣr triumphal arch; ‫ﱂ ﻳﺒـﻖ ﰲ ﻗـﻮس ﺻـﱪي ﻣﻨـﺰع‬
lam yabqa fī q. ṣabrī minz‘ my patience is at an end (lit.: there is no arrow
left for the bow of my patience)
‫ ﻗﻮاس‬qawwās bowmaker; bowman, archer; kavass, consular guard
1292
‫ ﻗﻮﻳﺴﺔ‬quwaisa sage (bot.)

‫ ﻣﻘﻮس‬muqawwas bent, crooked, curved, arched
‫ ﻗﻮش‬qūš pl. ‫ اﻗﻮاش‬aqwāš crupper (of the saddle or harness); straps, girth
‫ ﻗﺎووش‬qāwūš pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاوﻳﺶ‬qawāwīš2 prison cell
‫ ﻗﻮاص‬qawāṣ see ‫ ﻗﻮاس‬qawwās
‫)ﻗـﺎض )ﻗـﻮض‬ qāḍa u (qauḍ) to demolish, tear down, wreck, raze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
building), strike (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a tent) II do.; to break off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to smash (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V
to be demolished, undergo demolition; to collapse, fall in, cave in; to break
up, scatter, disperse (crowd); to desist (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), give in, give way (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to)
‫ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺾ‬taqwīḍ wrecking, demolition; destruction, annihilation
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﺿﺔ‬muqāwaḍa barter, exchange, interchange
1‫ ﻗﻮط‬qauṭ pl. ‫ اﻗﻮاط‬aqwāṭ flock of sheep
2‫ اﻟﻘﻮط‬al-qūṭ the Goths

‫ ﻗﻮﻃﻲ‬qūṭī Gothic
Confidential
3 ‫ ﻗﻮﻃﺔ‬qauṭa small basket for fruit; date basket
4‫ ﻗﻮﻃﺔ‬qūṭa (eg.) tomatoes
‫ )ﻗﺎع )ﻗﻮع‬qā‘ pl. ‫ ﻗﻴﻌﺎن‬qī‘ān, ‫ اﻗﻮع‬aqwu‘, ‫ اﻗﻮاع‬aqwā‘ plain, lowland; bottom,

lowest part; wave trough (phys.); floor (of a mine); gulf, abyss | ‫ ﻗـﺎع اﻟﻨﻬـﺮ‬q.
an-nahr river bed; ‫ ﺑﻼد اﻟﻘﺎع‬the Netherlands
‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺔ‬qā‘a pl. -āt paved courtyard; entrance hall, vestibule, corridor; hall;
sizable room | ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺔ اﶈﺎﺿـﺮات‬q. al-muḥāḍarāt lecture hall, auditorium (of a
university); ‫ﻗﺎﻋـﺔ اﻟﺘـﺪرﻳﺲ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺔ اﻟﻄﻌـﺎم‬q. aṭ-ṭa‘ām
lecture room, classroom;
dining room; messhall; ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺔ اﻟﻌـﺮش‬q. al-‘arš throne room; ‫ ﻗﺎﻋـﺔ اﳌﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺔ‬q. al-
muṭāla‘a reading room, study hall; ‫ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ اﻷﻓﺮاح‬banquet hall, ballroom
1‫)ﻗﻮق‬ ‫ )ﻗﺎق‬qāqa u (qauq) to cackle, cluck (hen) II do.

‫ ﻗﺎق‬qāq pl. ‫ ﻗﻴﻘﺎن‬qīqān (syr.) raven | ‫ ﻗﺎق اﳌﺎء‬cormorant (zool.)
‫ ام ﻗﻮﻳﻖ‬umm quwaiq (eg.) owl (zool.)
2 ‫ ﻗﺎوق‬and ‫ ﻗﺎووق‬pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاوﻳﻖ‬look up alphabetically
‫ اﻟﻘﻮﻗﺎز‬al-qauqāz and ‫ اﻟﻘﻮﻗﺎس‬al-qauqās the Caucasus
1293
‫ اﻟﻘﻮﻗﺎزﻳﻮن‬al-qauqāzīyūn the Caucasians

‫ ﻗﻮﻗﻊ‬qauqa‘ seashell
‫ ﻗﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬qauqa‘a pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻗﻊ‬qawāqi‘2 snail
1(‫ﻗـﺎل‬ (‫ ﻗـﻮل‬qāla u (‫ ﻗـﻮل‬qaul) to speak, say, tell (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬to s.o.; ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ﰲ‬
s.th. about or of), utter, voice (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to speak (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of), deal (‫ ﻋﻦ‬with), treat
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬of); to state, maintain, assert, propound, teach, profess, advocate, defend
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to support, hold (‫ ب‬a view), stand up (‫ ب‬for), be the proponent
(‫ ب‬of a doctrine or dogma); to allege (‫ ب‬s.th.); with ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬: to speak against
s.o., speak ill of s.o., tell lies about s.o. | ‫ﺑﺮأﺳـﻪ‬
‫( ﻗـﺎل‬bi-ra’sihī) to motion with
the head, signal, beckon; ‫ ﻗﻴـﻞ ﰲ اﳌﺜـﻞ‬qīla fī l-matal the proverb says; ‫وﻻ ﻳﻘـﺎل‬
‫( ان‬inna) one cannot say that ..., let no one say that …; ‫ او ﻗـﻞ‬au qul or, or
rather, or say even …; ‫ﰲ‬ ‫( وﻗـﻞ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬wa-qul mitla) or ‫ وﻗـﻞ ﻣﺜﻠـﻪ ﰲ‬or ‫وﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﻗـﻞ ﰲ‬the same must be said about …, the same can be said of ..., the same
applies to ... III to confer, parley, treat, negotiate (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to dispute,
Confidential
wrangle, argue; to haggle, bargain (‫ ه‬with s.o., about the price); to make a
contract; to conclude a bargain, make a deal (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to fabricate lies,
spread rumors (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about s.o.); to pretend, allege, purport (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﺗﻘـﻮل‬
‫( اﻷﻗﺎوﻳﻞ‬aqāwīla) to talk foolishly X O to render (voice by radio)
‫ ﻗـﺎل وﻗﻴـﻞ‬qāl wa-qīl and ‫ ﻗﻴـﻞ وﻗـﺎل‬qīl wa-qāl long palaver; idle talk, prattle,
gossip
‫ ﻗﺎﻟـﺔ‬qāla speech, talk | ‫ ﺳـﻮء اﻟﻘﺎﻟـﺔ‬sū’ al-q. malicious gossip, backbiting,
defamation
‫ ﻗـﻮل‬qaul pl. ‫ اﻗـﻮال‬aqwāl, ‫ اﻗﺎوﻳـﻞ‬aqāwīl2 word, speech, saying, utterance,
remark; statement, declaration; report, account; doctrine, teaching; pl. ‫اﻗـﻮال‬
also: testimony (in court); ‫ اﻗﺎوﻳـﻞ‬sayings, locutions; proverbs | ‫ﻗـﻮﻻ وﻋﻤـﻼ‬
qaulan wa-‘amalan or ‫( ﻟﻘــﻮل واﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬fi‘l) by word and deed; ‫اﻗـﻮال اﻟﺸــﻬﻮد‬
testimonies, depositions, evidence; ‫ﻗﻮﻟـﻪ‬ ‫ اﻋﻄـﻰ‬a‘ṭā qaulahū to make one’s bid
(at an auction)
‫ ﻗﻮﻟﺔ‬qaula (n. vic.) utterance, remark, word; pronouncement, dictum
1294
‫ ﻗﻮﻟﺔ‬quwala garrulous, voluble, loquacious, talkative, communicative

‫ ﻗـﻮال‬qawwāl garrulous, voluble, loquacious, talkative, communicative;
itinerant singer and musician
‫ ﻣﻘــﻮل‬miqwal pl. ‫ ﻣﻘــﺎول‬maqāwil2 phonograph, gramophone, talking
machine
‫ ﻣﻘـﺎل‬maqāl speech; proposition, contention, teaching, doctrine; article;
treatise; piece of writing
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﺔ‬maqāla pl. -āt article; essay; treatise; piece of writing | ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﺔ اﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴـﺔ‬
(iftitāḥīya) editorial, leading article
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻟـﺔ‬muqāwala talk, conversation, parley, conference; dispute; contract;
settlement, arrangement, agreement; bargain, deal, transaction, undertaking |
‫ﳌﻘﺎوﻟﺔ‬ by the job, by the contract, by piece (work)
‫ ﺗﻘﻮل‬taqawwul pl. -āt talk, rumor, gossip
‫ ﻗﺎﺋــﻞ‬qā’il pl. ‫ ﻗــﻮل‬quwwal saying, telling; teller, narrator; advocate,
proponent (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻘـﻮل‬maqūl pl. -āt that which is said, utterance, saying; word(s), speech |
Confidential
‫‘( اﳌﻘﻮﻻت اﻟﻌﺸﺮ‬ašr) the ten categories (philos.)
‫ ﻣﻘﺎول‬muqāwil contractor; building contractor
2‫( ﻗـﻮل‬Turk. kol) qōl wing of an army, army corps; ‫( ﻗـﻮل اﻏﺎﺳـﻲ‬Turk. kol
ağası) a military rank intermediate between those of captain and major,
adjutant major (Egs.)
‫ ﻗﻮﳊﺔ‬qaulaḥa pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﱀ‬qawāliḥ2 (eg.) cob (of corn, and the like)
‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻨﺞ‬qaulanj colic
‫ ﻗﻮﻟﻮن‬qolōn colon (anat.)
‫)ﻗـﺎم )ﻗـﻮم‬ qāma u (‫ ﻗﻮﻣـﺔ‬qauma, ‫ﻗﻴـﺎم‬ qiyām) to get up; to stand up, stand
erect; to rise (also fig.: voices, noise, wind); ‫ ﻗـﺎم ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬to rise or turn against
s.o., revolt or rebel against s.o., attack s.o.; ‫ ﻗـﺎم ﻟـﻪ‬to rise in honor of s.o.; to
rise from the dead, be resurrected; to ascend; to set out, start out; to depart,
leave (train); to betake o.s., go (‫ اﱃ‬to); to stand; to remain standing; to be,
exist, be existent; to be located, be situated, lie; to consist (‫ ب‬in); to rest, be
based, be founded (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on, also ‫)ب‬, be built (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to have for its (main)
theme (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a problem; of a book, and the like); to begin (‫ ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ‬to do s.th.),
1295
start (‫ ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ‬doing s.th.); to make s.th. (‫ )ب‬one’s business, concern o.s. (‫ب‬
with), undertake, take upon o.s., perform, do, carry out, execute,
accomplish, practice, exercise (‫ ب‬s.th.); to stand up (‫ ب‬for), support,
advocate, endorse (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be in charge (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), manage, run, tend,
guard, keep up, preserve (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to take care (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), attend (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to),
watch (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over), look after s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to cost, be worth (‫ ب‬so and so
much) | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫( ﻗـﺎم اﻟﱪﻫـﺎن‬burhān) proof had been furnished for; ‫ﻗـﺎم ﻋﺒـﺎء اﳊﻜـﻢ‬
(bi-a’bā’i l-ḥukm) to assume the burdens of government, take over power;
‫ﻗـﺎم ودﻩ‬ (bi-awadihī) to provide for s.o.’s needs, stand by s.o. in time of
need; ‫ﺑـﺪور‬ ‫( ﻗـﺎم‬bi-daurin) to play a part; ‫( ﻗـﺎم ﺑﺸـﺄﻧﻪ‬bi-ša’nihī) to take care of
s.o., look after s.o., take s.o. under one’s wing; ‫ ﻗـﺎم ﳌﺼـﺎرﻳﻒ‬to defray the
costs, pay the expenses; ‫ ﻗـﺎم ﻟﻮاﺟـﺐ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬to do one’s duty; ‫( ﻗـﺎم ﺑﻮﻋـﺪﻩ‬bi-
wa‘dihī) to keep one’s word; ‫( ﻗﺎﻣـﺖ اﳊـﺮب ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺎق‬ḥarb) the war was or
became violent, flared up; war broke out; ‫( ﻗﺎم اﳊﻖ‬ḥaqq) truth became or was
Confidential
manifest; ‫( ﻗﺎﻣـﺖ اﻟﺼـﻼة‬ṣalāh) the time of prayer has come; ‫ﻗـﺎم ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗـﺪم وﺳـﺎق‬
(qadamin wa-sāqin) to become fully effective, be in full progress, be in full
swing; ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫( ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ﻗﻮﻣﺔ رﺟﻞ‬qaumata rajulin) they rose to a man; ‫ﱂ ﺗﻘﻢ ﻟـﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻤـﺔ‬
‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬lam taqum lahū qā’imatun ba‘du he was no longer able to put up any
resistance, he was as good as finished; ‫ﻻ ﺗﻘــﻮم ﻟﻸﻋــﺪاء ﻗﺎﺋﻤــﺔ‬ there is no
resistance against the enemies; ‫( ﻗﺎﻣـﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺘـﻪ‬qiyāmatuhū) to get excited, get
angry, become furious; all hell broke loose in it; ‫ )ﻗﺎﻣـﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺘـﻪ ل )ﻣـﻦ‬to be
upset, be shocked, be violently agitated by s.th.; ‫( ﻗـﺎم ﰲ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬wajhihī) to
resist, oppose, defy s.o.; ‫( ﻗـﺎم ﻣﻘﺎﻣـﻪ‬maqāmahū) to replace s.o., substitute for
s.o., deputize for s.o., take s.o.’s place; to serve as or instead of s.th., take
the place of s.th., replace s.th.; ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎم ﻣﻨﻪ‬to take the place of s.o. with s.o.;
‫( ﻗـﺎم وﻗﻌـﺪ‬wa-qa‘ada) to be in a state of great anxiety, be seriously upset, be
very agitated; to be very alarmed (‫ ل‬by s.th.); ‫ ﻻ ﻗـﺎم وﻻ ﻗﻌـﺪ‬not to be lasting
and durable II to set upright, lift up, raise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to create, shape, form,
arrange, set up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to straighten, make or put straight (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
1296
arrange well, do properly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to put in order, fix, set going (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
right, put to rights, rectify, correct, reform, amend (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); O to rectify (el.);
to estimate, assess, appraise, value, rate (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ب‬ s.th. at) | ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘــﻮم ﺑـﺜﻤﻦ‬ lā
yuqawwamu bi-tamanin inestimable, invaluable, priceless III to resist,
oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fight, combat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to raise objections, take issue,
contend, argue (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬with s.o. because of s.th.); to withstand (‫ ه‬s.o.), hold
out, hold one’s own (‫ ه‬against), be on a par (‫ ه‬with s.o.), equal, match (‫ه‬
s.o.), measure up (‫ ه‬to s.o.) | ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻘــﺎوم‬lā yuqāwamu irresistible IV to
straighten, straighten out, make right or correct, put in order (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) rise; to resurrect, raise from the dead (‫ ه‬s.o.); to lift up,
elevate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to set up, raise, erect (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to start, originate, found, call
into being (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fix, determine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to appoint, nominate, install

(‫ه‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. as); ‫ اﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to put s.o. in charge of s.th., commission s.o. with the
management of s.th.; to agitate, rouse, excite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make brisk,
Confidential
enliven, animate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the market); to hold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a meeting, a ceremony, etc.),
celebrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a festival), put on, stage, organize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a celebration, a pageant,
etc.), give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a reception); to occupy o.s. constantly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with); to abide,
stay, remain, dwell, reside, live (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in); to dwell (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), persist (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in),
keep, stick (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to) | ‫اودﻩ‬ ‫( اﻗـﺎم‬awadahū) to provide for s.o.’s needs, stand by
s.o. in time of need; to support s.o., furnish s.o. with the means of
subsistence; ‫اﻗ ــﺎم اﻟﱪﻫ ــﺎن اﳉﻠ ــﻲ ﻋﻠ ــﻰ‬ (burhāna l-jalīya) to furnish the
unmistakable proof for ..., dearly prove s.th.; ‫( اﻗـﺎم اﳊﺠـﺔ‬ḥujjata) to protest,
lodge a protest; ‫ل‬ ‫( اﻗﺎم ﺣﺴﺎ‬ḥisāban) to render account to s.o.; to give one’s
mind to s.o. or s.th., make s.o. or s.th. one’s concern; ‫ اﻗـﺎم اﻟـﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ان‬to
prove that ...; ‫( اﻗـﺎم اﻟﺸـﻌﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴـﺔ‬dīnīya) to perform the liturgical rites; ‫اﻗـﺎم‬
‫( اﻟﺼـﻼة‬ṣalāta) to perform the ritual prayer; ‫‘( اﻗـﺎم اﻟﻌـﺪل‬adla) to administer
justice, handle the law; ‫( اﻗـﺎم اﻟﻘـﺪاس ﻋﻠـﻰ‬quddāsa) to read the Mass for s.o.;
‫( اﻗـﺎم ﻗﻀـﻴﺔ )دﻋـﻮى( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬qaḍīyatan, da‘wā) to take legal action against s.o., sue
1297
s.o.;‫( اﻗـﺎم ﻟـﻪ وز‬waznan) to set great store by s.th., attach importance to s.th.,
make much of s.th.; ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻘـﺎم ﻟـﻪ وزن‬yuqāmu, wazn) to be negligible, be of no
consequence; ‫( اﻗﺎم ﻣﺒﺎراة‬mubārātan) to stage a contest; ‫( اﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﻪ‬maqāmahū)
to make s.o. take the place of s.o. else, make s.o. replace s.o. else. substitute
s.o. for s.o. else; ‫اﳊﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫( اﻗﺎم ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎم‬nafsahū maqama l-ḥāmī) to pose as the
protector;‫( اﻗﺎﻣـﻪ واﻗﻌـﺪﻩ‬wa-aq‘adahū) to upset s.o. seriously, throw s.o. in a
state of violent emotion; ‫( اﻗـﺎم اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ واﻗﻌـﺪﻫﺎ‬dunya wa-aq‘adahā) to move
heaven and earth; to make a stir, create a sensation; ‫ﻻ ﻳﻘــﻴﻢ ﻟــﻪ ﻗﻴﺎﻣــﺔ‬
(qiyāmatan) he forestalls any resistance on his part X to rise, get up, stand
up; to straighten up, draw o.s. up; to stand upright, stand erect; to be or
become straight; to be right, correct, sound, proper, in order; to keep, stick
(‫ ﰲ‬to s.th.) | ‫اﺳـﺘﻘﺎم ﻟـﻪ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬ (kalāmu) he said the right thing about ..., he
talked sense about ...
‫ ﻗـﻮم‬qaum pl. ‫ اﻗـﻮام‬aqwām fellow tribesmen, kinsfolk, kin, kindred; tribe,
race, people, nation; people | ‫اﻷﻗـﻮام‬ ‫ ﻋـﺎﱂ‬ethnographer, ethnologist; ‫ﺳـﻴﻘﻮل ﻗـﻮم‬
Confidential
‫( ان‬inna) people will say ...
‫ ﻗﻮﻣﺔ‬qauma rising; uprising, revolt
‫ ﻗــﻮﻣﻲ‬qaumī national; ethnic, racial; ‫ ﻗﻮﻣﻴــﺎت‬national traits; (pl. -īya)
“goumier”, member of the native cavalry troops recruited from the local
tribes in French North Africa
‫ ﻗﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬qaumīya nationalism; nationality
‫ ﻗﺎﻣـﺔ‬qāma stature, figure, build, frame (of a person); fathom (measure of
length = 6 feet); stand, support, tripod
‫ ﻗــﻴﻢ‬qayyim valuable, precious; straight, right; caretaker, curator,
custodian, superintendent; ‫ اﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ‬al-qayyima the true faith | ‫ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻛﺘـﺐ‬kutub)
valuable books
‫ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬qīma pl. ‫ ﻗﻴﻢ‬qiyam value, worth; size of an amount, amount, quantity;
price | ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ ذو‬valuable; ‫( ﻻ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻪ‬qīmata worthless
‫ ﻗﻴﻤـﻲ‬qīmī relating to the value, by the standard of value, according to the
value; nonfungible (Isl. Law) | ‫ﻣـﺎل ﻗﻴﻤـﻲ‬ nonfungible things, nonfungibles
(Isl. Law)
‫ ﻗـﻮام‬qawām upright posture, erect bearing; straightness; stature, physique,
build, frame; figure, body (of a person); rightness, properness, proper
1298
condition, normal state; strength, vigor, stamina; firmness, consistency;

support, stay, prop; livelihood, living
‫ ﻗ ـﻮام‬qiwām support, stay, prop; basis, foundation; stock, supply;
sustenance, subsistence, livelihood | ‫ﻗـﻮام اﻫﻠــﻪ‬ q. ahlihī the provider, or
supporter, of his family
‫ ﻗ ـﻮام‬qawwām manager, director, superintendent, caretaker, keeper,
custodian, guardian (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻮاﻣﺔ‬qiwāma guardianship
‫ ﻗـﻮﱘ‬qawīm pl. ‫ ﻗﻴـﺎم‬qiyām straight, upright, erect; correct, right, proper,
sound, authentic; true (religion); firm, solid
‫ ﻗﻴـﺎم‬qiyām rising, getting up; standing; existence; outbreak (e.g., of a
revolt); setting out, leaving, departure (also, esp., of trains); performance.
execution, carrying out, consummation, discharge, accomplishment,
undertaking (‫ ب‬of s.th.); support, stay, prop; sustenance, subsistence,
livelihood | ‫اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ اﱃ ﻗﻴـﺎم‬till doomsday, forever and ever, in perpetuity, for
all time to come; ‫ ﻗﻴـﺎم اﻫﻠـﻪ‬q. ahlihī the provider, or supporter, of his family;
Confidential
‫‘( اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬amal) performance; working, functioning
‫ ﻗﻴﺎﻣ ــﺔ‬qiyāma resurrection; tumult, turmoil, upheaval, revolution,
overthrow; guardianship | ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣـﺔ‬
‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪ‬īd al-q. Easter; ‫ ﻳـﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣـﺔ‬yaum al-q. the
day of resurrection, the day of final judgment; ‫( ﻗﺎﻣـﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺘـﻪ‬qiyāmatuhū) to
get excited, get angry, become furious; all hell broke loose in it; ( ‫ﻋـﻦ( ﻗﺎﻣـﺖ‬
‫ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺘﻪ ل‬to be upset, be shocked, be violently agitated by s.th.

‫ اﻟﻘﻴﻮم‬al-qayyūm the Everlasting, the Eternal (God)
‫ اﻗـﻮم‬aqwam2 straighter; more correct, sounder; more adequate, more
appropriate
‫ ﻣﻘﻮم‬miqwam plowtail, plow handle
‫ ﻣﻘـﺎم‬maqām pl. -āt site, location, position; place, spot, point, locality;
situation; station; standing, position, rank, dignity; tomb of a saint, sacred
place; key, tonality, mode (mus.) |‫ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﳌﻘـﺎم‬on this occasion; ‫ﻣﻘـﺎم اﺑـﺮاﻫﻴﻢ‬
small building near the Kaaba, in Mecca (housing a stone with◌ِ Abraham’s
foot-prints); ‫ﻣﻘـﺎم اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬ topic of the conversation; ‫)اﳌﻘﺎﻣـﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ )اﻟﺮﲰﻴـﺔ‬
(siyāsīya, rasmīya) the political (official) agencies; ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎم اﻟﻜﺴـﺮ‬m. al-kasr
1299
denominator of a fraction; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﳌﻘـﺎم اﻟﺮﻓﻴـﻊ‬title conferred upon the holder

of the order of “Collier Fouad I”, established by Fuad I in 1936; ‫ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨﺪي ﰲ‬
‫( ﻣﻘﺎم واﻟﺪي‬m. wālidī) he assumed the responsibility of fatherhood for me; cf.
also muqām and under ‫ﻗﻢ‬
ّ
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻣـﺔ‬maqāma pl. -āt sitting, session, meeting; a genre of Arabic rhythmic
prose
‫ ﺗﻘـﻮﱘ‬taqwīm pl. ‫ ﺗﻘـﺎوﱘ‬taqāwīm2 raising, setting up, erection; appraisal,
assessment, estimation, fating, valuation; correction; rectification,
amendment, reform, reformation, reorganization, reshaping, modification,
adaption; a rectification, detection (el., radio); land survey, surveying;
determination of geographical longitude and latitude; geography;
stocktaking; almanac; calendar; chronology | ‫ اﻟﺘﻘـﻮﱘ اﳉﻮﳚـﻮري‬the Gregorian
calendar; ‫ﺗﻘـﻮﱘ زﻣـﲏ‬ (zamanī) chronology; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ ﺗﻘـﻮﱘ اﻟﺒﻠـﺪان‬ilm t. al-buldān
geography
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺔ‬muqāwama resistance; opposition; fight, struggle, battle (with foll.
genit.: against); O resistance (el.) | O ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺔ ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬ (jawwīya) antiaircraft
Confidential
defense; ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺔ ﺳــﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
resistance, unresistingly
(salbīya) passive resistance; ‫دون ﻣﻘﺎوﻣــﺔ‬
‫ اﻗﺎﻣ ــﺔ‬iqāma raising, lifting up; elevation; setting up; erection;

establishment (of an institute); execution; performance; holding,
without
convocation (e.g., of a meeting), celebration (e.g., of a festival), putting on,

staging (e.g., of a pageant, of a celebration); resurrection (of the dead); stay,
sojourn; second call to the salat in a mosque, indicating the imminent
beginning of the prayer; (Magr.) residentship, office of resident | ‫اﻗﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫( اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴـﺔ‬dīnīya) performance of the religious ceremonies, celebration of the
divine service; ‫ اﻗﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺪل‬i. al-‘adl administration of justice; ‫ ﳏﻞ اﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬maḥall
al-i. (place of) residence, domicile; address
‫ اﺳـﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ‬istiqāma straightness; sincerity, uprightness, rectitude, integrity,
probity, honesty; rightness, soundness, correctness
‫ ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ‬qā’im pl. ‫ ﻗـﻮم‬quwwam, ‫ ﻗـﻴﻢ‬quyyam, ‫ ﻗـﻮام‬quwwām, ‫ ﻗﻴـﺎم‬quyyām rising,
getting up; standing; upright, erect; stand-up; existing, existent; visible,
conspicuous; firm, steadfast, staunch, unflinching, unshakable; revolting,
rebelling (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); vertical, perpendicular (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to) |
‫ ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ‬,‫ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ ﻷﻋﻤـﺎل‬
‫( ﻋﻤـﺎل اﳌﻔﻮﺿـﻴﺔ‬bi-a. al-mufawwāḍīya) charge d’affaires (dipl.); ,‫ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ اﻟـﺬات‬
1300
‫ ﻗ ــﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺮأﺳ ــﻪ‬,‫( ﻗ ــﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺬاﺗ ــﻪ‬bi-ra’sihī) and ‫( ﺑﻨﻔﺴ ــﻪ‬bi-nafsihi) self-existent,
independent; ‫( ﰲ ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ ﺣﻴﺎﺗـﻪ‬q. ḥayātihi) during his lifetime; ‫ ﻗـﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺰاوﻳـﺔ‬q. az-
zāwiya rectangular, right-angled; ‫ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬right angle
‫ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﻤﻘـﺎم‬qā’im-maqām, qā’imaqām administrative officer at the head of a
qaḍā’, approx.: district president (Ir., Syr., Leb.); lieutenant colonel (mil.;
Tun., formerly also Eg.); commander (naval rank; Eg.)
‫ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﻤﻘﺎﻣﻴـﺔ‬qā’im-maqāmīya, qā’imaqāmīya administrative district headed
by a qā’im-maqam, in Iraq = qaḍā’
‫ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬qā’ima pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ‬qawā’im leg, foot, paw (of a quadruped); leg, foot (of
furniture); pale, stake, post, prop, stanchion, pillar; pommel (of a sword’s
hilt); stand, base, support; (fig.) main support, pillar; (pl. also -āt) list, roster,
register, index, table, schedule; catalogue; invoice, bill | ‫ ﻗﺎﺋﻤـﺔ اﻟﻄﻌـﺎم‬q. aṭ-
ṭa‘ām menu, bill of fare; see also ‫ ﻗﻮم‬I

‫ ﻣﻘــﻮم‬muqawwim estimator, appraiser, assessor; -- (pl. -āt) formative
element, constituent factor; O rectifier, detector (el., radio); pl. ‫ﻣﻘﻮﻣــﺎت‬
elements, constituents, components, formative agents, basic factors,
Confidential
fundamentals |
possessions;
‫ ﻣﻘﻮﻣــﺎت اﳊﻴــﺎة‬m. al-ḥayāh means of subsistence; earthly
‫ ﻣﻘﻮﻣــﺎت اﳉﻤـﺎل‬m. al-jamāl cosmetics; ‫ اﻟﻌﻤـﺮان‬m. al-‘umrān
cultural factors
‫ ﻣﻘﻮم‬muqawwam highly creditable, valuable, valued, treasured, prized; pl.
‫ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎت‬valuable possessions, valuables; assets, values
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوم‬muqāwim resisting, resistent, reluctant, averse, unwilling; opponent,
adversary, antagonist
‫ ﻣﻘـﻴﻢ‬muqim raising, lifting up, setting up, erecting, etc. j remaining,
staying, abiding, lingering; permanent, lasting, enduring; persistent; living,
residing, resident, domiciled; re8ident (dipl.) | ‫ﻣﻘـﻴﻢ ﺑﻮاﺟﺒﺎﺗـﻪ‬ (bi-wājibātihī)
dutiful, conscientious, loyal; ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫( ﻣﻘﻴﻢ‬āmm) Resident General (Tun.)
‫ ﻣﻘﻴﻤﻲ‬muqīmī residential
‫ ﻣﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬muqīmīya residentship, residency
‫ ﻣﻘـﺎم‬muqām raised, set up, erected, etc.; pending (legal action); stay,
sojourn; abode, habitat, whereabouts; place of residence; duration of stay;
see also under ‫ﻗﻢ‬
ّ
1301
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬mustaqīm upright, erect; straight; dead straight, straight as a die;

directed straight ahead; correct, right, sound, proper, in order; even, regular,
symmetrical, proportionate, harmonious; honest, straightforward, upright,
righteous, honorable; (pl. -āt) a straight, straight line (math.); reotum (anat.)
‫( ﻗﻮﻣﺴﲑ‬Fr. commissaire) qomisēr commissioner
‫( ﻗﻮﻣﻨﺪان‬Fr. commandant) qomandān commander, commandant
‫ ﻗﻮﻧﺔ‬qūna pl. ‫ ﻗﻮن‬quwan icon; image of a saint
‫ ﻗﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬qōniya2 Konya (city in Anatolia)
‫ ﻗﻮﻩ‬II to shriek, scream, yell, cry, shout
‫ ﻗـﻮي‬qawiya a (‫ ﻗـﻮة‬qūwa) to he or become strong, vigorous, forceful,
mighty; to become stronger, increase in power, gain ascendancy; to be able
to do s.th. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in or about s.th.), have influence (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th.); to he able
to cope (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.th.), be able to manage or tackle (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to be
superior (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); -- (‫ ﻗـﻲ‬qiyy, ‫ ﻗﻮاﻳـﺔ‬qawāya) to he depopulated, deserted,

forsaken, desolate (place); -- (‫ ﻗﻮى‬qawan) to starve, be starved; to be denied,
Confidential
he withheld (rain) II to make strong or vigorous, strengthen, fortify,
consolidate, invigorate, brace (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to encourage, hearten,
embolden (‫ ه‬s.o.); to intensify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to vie or compete in strength (‫ه‬

with s.o.); to equal, match (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to be poor; to be empty, deserted,
forsaken, desolate (place) V to be or become strong; to intensify, become
stronger; to take heart, take courage VIII to claim for o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) X = V
‫ ﻗﻮاء‬qawā’, qiwā’ and ‫ ﻗﻲ‬qiyy desert, wasteland, desolate country

‫ ﻗﻮاء‬qawā’ and ‫ ﻗﻮى‬qawan hunger, starvation
‫ ﻗـﻮة‬qūwa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗـﻮى‬quwan strength; vigor; potency; power, force;
intensity; violence, vehemence; courage, pluck; faculty, ability, capability,
aptitude; efficacy, efficiency, potential; O (electric) energy, power, capacity,
output; armed force, troop; ‫ ﻗـﻮات‬qūwāt armed forces; troops|‫ﻟﻘـﻮة‬ forcibly,
by force; inherently, virtually (philos.); ‫وﺟﻼء‬ ‫ ﺑﻘﻮة‬bi-qūwatin wa-jalā’in (to
speak) loud and distinctly; ‫اﻟﻘـﻮة‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﺴـﺮق‬munsariq al-q. weakened, debilitated,
effete, exhausted, spent; ‫( ﻗـﻮة اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴـﺔ‬iḥtiyāṭīyaī) reserves (mil.); ‫ ﻗـﻮة اﻹذاﻋـﺔ‬q.
al-idā‘a transmitting power (radio); ‫ﻗـﻮة اﻹرادة‬ q. al-irāda will power; ‫ﻗـﻮة‬
1302
‫ اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬inertia; ‫ ﻗﻮة ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬memory; ‫ ﻗﻮة اﳊﺪود‬frontier guard, border guard; ‫ﻗﻮة‬

‫ ﺧﻔﻴﻔــﺔ‬light, mobile task force (mil.); O ‫( ﻗــﻮة داﻓﻌــﺔ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋﻴــﺔ‬kahrabā’īya)
electromotive force, e.m.f.; ‫( ﻗﻮة دﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬difā‘īya) total defense potential; O ‫ﻗﻮة‬
‫( ﺳـﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬saṭḥīya) surface task force (navy); ‫ ﻗـﻮة اﻟﺸـﺮاء‬purchasing power; ‫ﻗـﻮة‬
‫ اﻟﺼﻮت‬q. aṣ-ṣaut volume, intensity (radio) ‫ ﻗﻮة ﻋﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬intellectual power, faculty
of perception; ‫ ﻗـﻮة ﻋـﺮاك‬combat force; ‫‘( ﻗـﻮة ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬amal) working power;
output capacity; ‫ ﻗــﻮة اﻟﻘــﺎﻧﻮن‬legal force; ‫ ﻗــﻮة ﻗــﺎﻫﺮة‬force majeure; ‫ﻗــﻮة ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳــﺔ‬
(markazīya) central power; O ‫ ﻗـﻮة ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳـﺔ ﺟﺎذﺑـﺔ‬centripetal force; O ‫ﻗـﻮة ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳـﺔ‬
‫ ﻃﺎردة‬centrifugal force; ‫( ﻗﻮة ﻣﻀﺎدة ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺋﺮات‬muḍādda) antiaircraft defense; ‫ﻗـﻮة‬
‫( ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳـﺔ‬ma‘nawīya) moral strength, morale, spirit; ‫ ﻗـﻮة‬q. an-nabt germinative
faculty; ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻗـﻮة‬niẓāmīya) regular army; ‫( ﻗـﻮات ﺑﺮﻳـﺔ وﲝﺮﻳـﺔ وﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬barrīya wa-
baḥrīya wa-jawwīya) ground, sea, and air forces; ‫ اﻟﻌــﺎب اﻟﻘــﻮى‬athletics,
specif., track and field
‫ ﻗـﻮي‬qawīy pl. ‫ اﻗـﻮ ء‬aqwiyā’2 strong; vigorous; potent; mighty, powerful,
Confidential
forceful; intense, violent, vehement i firm, solid, robust, hardy, sturdy |
‫ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‬eloquent, quick, witted

‫ اﻗﻮى‬aqwā stronger
‫ﻗـﻮى‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺔ‬taqwiya strengthening; fortification, consolidation; intensification;

encouragement
‫ ﺗﻘﺎوي‬taqāwī (eg.) seed (for sowing)
‫ اﻗﻮاء‬iqwā’ depopulation; imperfect rhyme (change of the vowel following
the rhyme letter)
‫ ﻣﻘـﻮ‬muqawwin strengthening, fortifying, invigorating; corroborant; (pl.
‫ ﻣﻘـﻮ ت‬muqawwiyāt) a restorative, tonic, cordial, corroborant; O amplifier
(radio)
‫ ﻣﻘــﻮى‬muqawwan strengthened, reinforced, stiffened, stiff|‫ورق ﻣﻘــﻮى‬
(waraq) cardboard, pasteboard
‫ ﻗﻰ‬qiyy see ‫ﻗﻮى‬
(‫ﻗـﺎء‬ (‫ ﻗـﻰء‬qā’a i (‫ ﻗـﻲء‬qay’) to vomit II to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to vomit (of an
emetic) V = I
‫ ﻗﻴﺎء‬quyā’ vomit, that which is vomited
1303
‫ ﻣﻘﻴـﺊ‬muqayyi’ pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﻴﺌـﺎت‬muqayyi’āt a vomitive, an emetic| ‫اﳉـﻮز اﳌﻘﻴـﺊ‬

(jauz) nux vomica
‫ ﻗﻴﺘـﺎر‬qītār pl. ‫ ﻗﻴـﺎﺗﲑ‬qayātīr2, ‫ ﻗﻴﺜـﺎر‬qītār and ‫ ﻗﻴﺜـﺎرة‬qītāra pl. ‫ ﻗﻴـﺎﺛﲑ‬qayātīr2, a
guitar; lyre
(‫ﻗﻴﺢ‬ (‫ ﻗﺎح‬qāḥa i (qaiḥ) to suppurate, fester, be purulent II and V do.
‫ ﻗﻴﺢ‬qaiḥ pl. ‫ ﻗﻴﻮح‬quyūḥ pus, matter
‫ ﺗﻘﻴﺢ‬taqayyuḥ suppuration, maturation, purulence
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﻴﺢ‬mutaqayyiḥ suppurative, festering, purulent
1‫ ﻗﻴـﺪ‬II to bind, tie, fetter, shackle (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with; also fig.: to bind or tie
s.o. to); to limit, restrict, confine, qualify (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to impose restrictions ( ,‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ه‬on s.o., on s.th.), set bounds (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o., to s.th.), curb, check (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to fix, determine, lay down, specify, stipulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to write, write
down, note down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make a note, take notes (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of) ; to enter, book (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) ; to register, record (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., also fig., of the eyes); to enroll (‫ ه‬s.o., in a
Confidential
list or register); to charge (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to s.o.,s account), debit (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬with
s.th. s.o.); to place s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬to s.o.’s credit (‫)ل‬, credit (‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬with s.th. s.o.) V
pass. Of II; to bind o.s., be bound (‫ ب‬to, by, e.g., by an obligation); to be

limited, restricted; to enroll, have one’s name registered
‫ ﻗﻴـﺪ‬qaid pl. ‫ ﻗﻴـﻮد‬quyūd (also ‫اﻗﻴـﺎد‬aqyād) fetter, shackle, chain; bond, tie;
strap, thong; recording, record, booking, entering, entry, registering,
registration, registry; enrollment (e.g., at matriculation); fixation,
determination, specification, stipulation; document; limitation, confinement,
restriction, qualification, reservation; condition, proviso; amount, measure,
degree; distance|‫اﻻﺳـﻨﺎن‬ ‫ﻗﻴـﺪ‬ gum(s); ‫ﻗﻴـﺪ اﻻﻧﺴــﺎب‬ genealogical tree; family
tree; ‫رواﺑﻂ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻗﻴﺪ او‬without any reservation, without qualification; ‫ﺑﻼ ﻗﻴﺪ‬
‫( وﻻ ﺷـﺮط‬šarṯ) without any reservation, without qualification; with no strings
attached; unconditional; ‫ ﻗﻠــﻢ اﻟﻘﻴــﻮدات‬qalam al-quyūdāt bureau of vital
statistics, (G.B.) (general) register office; ‫ ﺑﻘﻴـﺪ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬bi-q. il-ḥayāh or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﻴـﺪ‬
‫( اﳊﻴـﺎة‬still) alive, living; ‫ ﻗﻴـﺪ ﺷـﻌﺮة‬qaida ša‘ratin, by a hairbreadth, within 80

hair’s breadth; ‫ ﻗﻴﺪ اﳕﻠﺔ‬... ‫ ﻻ‬la ... qaida unmulatin not one inch, not one iota;
1304
‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﻴـﺪ ﺳـﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻌـﺪودة‬q. sā‘atin) within a few hours; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﻴـﺪ ﻋﺸـﺮة ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﻣﱰات‬
at a distance of 1o km; ‫( ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬q. il-baṣar) within sight
‫ ﻗﻴـﺪ‬qaida (prep.) under subject to, the object of, in the process of, in the
stage of| ‫( اﳌﺸــﺮوع ﻗﻴــﺪ اﻟــﺪرس‬dars) the project is being studied, is under
consideration; ‫( اﳌﺴــﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻴــﺪ اﻟﺒﺤــﺚ‬mas’ala, baḥt) the affair is subject to
investigation, is being investigated
‫ ﻗﻴﺪى‬qaidī booking-, registration, (in compounds), e.g., ‫ رﺳﻮم ﻗﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬booking
fees, registration fees
‫ ﺗﻘﻴﻴـﺪ‬taqyīd pl. –āt, ‫ ﺗﻘﺎﻳﻴـﺪ‬taqāyīd2 fattering, shackling, tying, binding;
reservation, qualification; limitation, restriction, confinement, curtailment;
entry, registry, registration, booking|‫اﻟﻨﺴـﻞ‬ ‫ ﺗﻘﻴﻴـﺪ‬t. an-nas1 birth control; ‫رﺳـﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺪ‬rasm al-t. registration fee
‫ ﺗﻘﻴـﺪ‬taqayyud pl. -āt a being bound, obligation, tie, bond; restriction,
limitation, confinement
‫ ﻣﻘﻴــﺪ‬muqayyad fettered, shackled, bound, tied, tied down; limited,
Confidential
restricted, confined; booked, registered|‫ﻣﻘﻴﺪ‬
‫( ﻣﻘﻴﺪ‬mulk) constitutional monarchy

2‫ ﻗﻴﺎد‬and ‫ ﻗﻴﺎدة‬see ‫ﻗﻮد‬
‫ ﻗﲑ‬II to tar, pitch (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻏﲑ‬unlimited, unrestricted; ‫ﻣﻠﻚ‬
‫ ﻗﺎر‬qār end ‫ ﻗﲑ‬qīr tar; pitch

‫ ﻗـﲑاط‬qīrāṯ pl. ‫ ﻗـﺮارﻳﻂ‬qarārīt2 inch; a dry measure (Eg. = 1/33 = ‫ﻗـﺪح‬
0.064 l); a square measure (Eg. = 1/24 175.035 = ‫ﻓـﺪان‬ m2); karat, a
weight (Eg. = 1/16 0.195 = ‫ درﻫﻢ‬g)
‫ ﻗﲑوان‬qairawān pl. -āt caravan
‫ اﻟﻘﲑوان‬al-qairawān Kairouan (city in NE Tunisia)
(‫ﻗـﺎس‬ (‫ ﻗـﻴﺲ‬qāsa i (qais, ‫ ﻗﻴـﺎس‬qiyās) to measure, gauge, measure out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), take the measurements (‫ ﻫـ‬of); to try on (‫ ﻫـ‬a garment); to weigh, judge
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ ب‬by analogy with s.th. else), drew analogous conclusions
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬from s.th., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th. else); to compare, correlate, bring into relation
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with, also ‫)اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬, proportion (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or y ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to, also ‫اﱃ‬
1305
‫ ﻫـ(|وﻗﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬wa-qis ‘alaihī end so forth II to measure (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to compare

(‫ ﺑـﲔ اﻟﺸـﻴﺌﲔ‬between two things, ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ب‬with or to) VIII to measure
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to imitate, follow (‫ ب‬s.o.), take after s.o. (‫)ب‬
‫ ﻗﻴـﺎس‬qiyās pl. -āt, ‫ اﻗﻴﺴـﺔ‬aqyisa measure, measurement, dimension; scale;
exemplar, example; reference, relation; record (athlet.); comparison;
analogy; deduction by analogy|‫ذﻟــﻚ‬ ‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺳــﺎ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬by analogy (with it),
analogously (to it); correspondingly; ‫ ﻟﻘﻴـﺎس اﱃ‬in comparison with, (as)
compared to; in proportion to, in relation with; with reference to, with
respect to, with regard to; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎس‬by analogy; regular; after the model,
accordant with the model; ‫ﻗﻴﺎس‬ ‫ ﺑﻐﲑ‬illogical; ‫ أﺧﺬ ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﻪ‬to take s.o.’s measure
(tailor); ‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳـﺐ اﻟﻘﻴـﺎس‬mutanāsib al-q. fitting together, well matched; equal
in proportion, commensurate, commensurable; ‫‘( ﻗﻴــﺎس ﻋـﺎﳌﻰ‬ālamī) world
record; ‫ ﻗﻴــﺎس ﻓﺎﺳــﺪ‬wrong inference, false conclusion, fallacy, sophism,

paralogism; ‫ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬tape measure, tapeline
Confidential
‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺳــﻰ‬qiyāsī accordant with analogy, analogous; consistent with the
model, pattern, rule, or norm; comparable, by comparison; logical|‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﻰ‬
(raqm) record (athlet.)
‫ ﻗﻴﺎس‬qayyās land surveyor, geodesist
‫رﻗـﻢ‬
‫ ﻣﻘﻴــﺎس‬miqyās pl. ‫ ﻣﻘــﺎﻳﻴﺲ‬maqāyīs2 measure, measurement; amount,

quantity, magnitude; measuring instrument, gauge, water gauge, tide gauge;
scale (e.g., of a map); standard; standard of judging, criterion; unit of
measure; ‫اﳌﻘﻴـﺎس‬ Nilometer| ‫ﲢـﺖ اﳌﻘﻴـﺎس‬ substandard; O ‫ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟﺘﻴـﺎر‬ m. at-
tayyār ammeter; O ‫ ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﳉﻬـﺪ‬m. al-jahd voltmeter; O ‫ ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﳊـﺮارة‬m. al-

ḥarāra thermometer; O ‫ ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟﺰﻟـﺰال‬m. az-zalāzil seismograph, seismometer;
O ‫ ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟـﺰوا‬m. az-zawāyā protactor; O ‫ ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟﻜﻬﺮ ﺋﻴـﺔ‬m. al-kahrabā’īya
electrometer; O ‫ ﻣﻘﻴ ــﺎس اﳌﻄ ــﺮ‬m. al-maṯar rain gauge, pluviometer,
ombrometer, ombrograph; O ‫اﳌﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس‬m. al-magnaṯīya magnetometer;
‫ﻣﻘﻴـﺎس اﻟﺘـﻨﻔﺲ‬ m. at-tanaffus spirometer; ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻻﻃـﻮال‬measures of length,
linear measures; ‫ﻣﻘــﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﳌﺴــﻄﺤﺎت‬ m. al-musaṯṯaḥāt square measures; O
1306
‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﺴـﻄﻮح‬do.; ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﳊﺠـﻢ‬m. al-ḥajm cubic measures; ‫ ﻣﻘـﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﻜﻴـﻞ‬m.

al-kail measures of capacity, dry measures, liquid measures
‫ﻣﻘــﺎس‬maqās pl. –āt measuring, mensuration; gauging; measurement,
dimension, size; pl. ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺎت‬dimensions
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴ ــﺔ‬muqāyasa measuring, mensuration, gauging; comparison;
appraisal, valuation, estimation by analogy; (preliminary) estimate (of
coots); relation, rate, rates, proportion; detailed listing, specification;
itemized list (of services, quantities, prices)
‫ ﻗﻴﺴﺮى‬qaisarī pl. ‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺮ‬qayāsir2, ‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺮة‬qayāsira big, large, huge, enormous
‫ ﻗﻴﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬qaisarīya2 Caesarea (ancient seaport in Palestine)
‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﺮﻳﺔ‬qayāsirīya pl. ‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺳـﺮ‬qaysir2 large block of public buildings with
stores, workshops, etc., roofed market place, bazaar; qaisarīya2 Caesarea
(ancient seaport in Palestine)
‫ ﻗﺎﻳﺶ‬pl. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻳﺶ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻗﻴﺸﺎﱏ‬qīšānī faience; porcelain, china
‫ ﻗﻴﺼﺎﻧﺔ‬qaiṣāna sunfish, moonfish
Confidential
‫ ﻗﻴﺼﺮ‬qaiṣar pl. ‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺻﺮ‬qayāṣir2, ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺻﺮة‬qayāṣira Caesar; emperor, kaiser; tsar
‫ ﻗﻴﺼــﺮى‬qaiṣarī Caesarean; imperial; tsarist| ‫‘( اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴــﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺼ ـﺮﻳﺔ‬amalīya)
Caesarean section (med.)
‫ ﻗﻴﺼـﺮﻳﺔ‬qaiṣarīya kaiserdom, Caesarism, imperialism, empire; imperial
dignity; tsarism; Caesarean section (med.); large lock of public buildings
with stores, workshops, etc., roofed marked place, bazaar; Caesarea (ancient
seaport in Palestine)
‫ )ﻗﺎض )ﻗـﻴﺾ‬qaḍā i (qaiḍ) to break, crack, split, cleave, burst open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th);
to get broken, crack, burst; to exchange (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.th. for) II to foreordain,
destine (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.; of God); to lead, send (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ل‬to s.o; of God) III
to exchange, give in exchange (‫ ب ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o. s.th. for) V and VII to burst,
crack, get broken, break; to collapse, fall in, cave in, tumble down
‫ ﻗـﻴﺾ‬qaiḍ eggshell; barter, exchange; article of exchange, barter object,
equivalent
‫ ﻗﻴﺎض‬qiyāḍ barter, exchange
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻀـﺔ‬muqāyaḍa barter, exchange; barter trade, bartering; trading, barter
(Isl. Law); compensation, barter transaction, barter deal
‫ ﻗﻴﻄﺎن‬see ‫ﻗﻄﻦ‬
1307
‫ ﻗﻴﻄﻮس‬qīṯūs Cetus (astron.)

‫ ﻗـﻴﻆ‬qaiẓ heat of summer; high summer, mid-summer, dog days; lack of
rain, drought, aridity| ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬ ‫ ﻗﻴﻆ‬q. an-nahār daytime heat
‫ ﻣﻘﻴﻆ‬maqīẓ summer residence
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻆ‬qā’iẓ scorchingly hot, midsummery, canicular
‫ ﻗﻴـﻒ‬II to follow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.’s tracks); to study, examine, investigate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to criticize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻗﻴﺎﻓﺔ‬qiyāfa tracking, pursuit (of a track); make-up, guise, costume
‫ ﻗﻴﻘﺐ‬qaiqab maple (bot.)
1‫)ﻗﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ )ﻗـﺎل‬qāla i (qail, ‫ ﻗﺎﺋﻠـﺔ‬qā’ila, ‫ﻗﻴﻠﻮﻟـﺔ‬qailūla, ‫ ﻗﻴـﻞ‬qīl) to take a midday
nap; to hold siesta II do. IV to abolish, repeal, annul (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cancel,
abrogate, rescind, revoke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. a sale); to depose, dismiss, discharge
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.; also with ‫اﳌﻨﺼـﺐ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬min al-manṣib from his office); to free, release,
exempt (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ from an obligation)|‫ﻋﺜﺮﺗـﻚ‬ ‫اﻗـﺎل ﷲ‬ (‘atrataka) may God
Confidential
regard your offence as undone; ‫‘( اﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺜﺮﺗﻪ‬atratihī) to steady one who has
stumbled X to demand the cancellation, seek the abrogation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of a sale); to
ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for exemption, release, or annulment; to request to be released
from office, tender one’s resignation, resign (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from an office); to

resign one’s commission, quit the service; to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pardon,
apologize (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ ﻗﻴﻞ‬qail pl. ‫ اﻗﻴﺎل‬aqyāl princeling; chief, chieftain

‫ ﻗﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ‬qailūla siesta; midday nap
‫ ﻣﻘﻴﻞ‬maqīl resting place, halting place
‫ اﻗﺎﻟـﺔ‬iqāla cancellation, abrogation, rescission, revocation (esp. of a sale);
abolishment, abolition, repeal, annulment; deposition, dismissal, discharge
from an office
‫ اﺳﺘﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬istiqāla resignation, withdrawal (from office); retirement
‫ ﻗﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬qā’la midday nap; noon, midday
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻞ‬mustaqīl resigned from office, retired, discharged
2‫ ﻗﻴﻠﺔ‬qīla, ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﻗﻴﻠﺔ‬mā’īya) hydrocele (med.)
1308
‫ ﻗﻴﻢ‬,‫ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬,‫ ﻗﻴﺎم‬and ‫ ﻗﻴﻮم‬see ‫ﻗﻮم‬

‫ ﻗﲔ‬qain pl. ‫ ﻗﻴﻮن‬quyūn blacksmith
‫ ﻗﻴﻨﺔ‬qaina pl. -āt, ‫ ﻗﻴﺎن‬qiyān songstress, singer; lady’s maid
‫ ﻣﻘﻴﻨﺔ‬muqayyina lady’s maid
Confidential
1309
‫ك‬
‫ ك‬ka (with foll. genit.) as, like; all but, as good as; as, in my (your, etc.)
capacity of | ‫ ﻛـﺎﻷول‬ka-l-awwali as before, as at the beginning, as from the
outset; ‫ ﻛﻬـﺬا‬ka-hādā such, e.g., ‫ رﺟـﻞ ﻛﻬـﺬا‬rajulun kahādā such a man, a man
like this; ‫ﻫــﻢ ﻛــﺎ ﻤﻌﲔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ذﻟــﻚ‬ (ka-l-mujmi‘īna) they are as good as
unanimous about it, they are practically agreed on it; ‫ا ﻛﻤﺴــﻠﻢ‬ anā
kamuslimin I (in my capacity) as a Muslim
‫ ﻛـﺄن‬ka-anna (conj. introducing a nominal clause) as if, as though; it is
(was) as if | ‫ ﻛـﺄﱐ ـﺎ‬ka-annī bihā (with imperf.) it is like seeing her before
me; I am under the impression that she …, it looks to me as if she ...
‫ ﻛـﺬا‬ka-dā so, thus, that way; so and so, such and such, so-and-so much,
so-and-so many | ‫ ﻛـﺬا ﻣﻜـﺬا‬so and so, such and such, so-and-so much, so-
and-so many; ‫ وﻛﺬا ﲟﻜـﺎن ﻛـﺬا‬bi-makāni k. at such and such a place; ‫ﻋﻤـﺮﻩ ﻛـﺬا‬
‫‘ ﺳﻨﻮات‬umruhū k. sanawāt his age is so-and-so many years
Confidential
‫ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ka-dālika so, like this, thus; equally; likewise
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ka-mā (conj. introducing a verbal clause) as, just as, as also, as on the
other hand; (introducing a main clause) equally, likewise, as well | ‫ﻛﻤـﺎ ان‬
ka-mā anna (introducing a nominal clause) as, just as quite as, as also, as on
the other hand; ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬such as it is; as things are, such being the matter; ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن ﺣﺎﺿﺮا‬if as if he were present
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﺎب‬madīnat al-kāb Cape Town
‫ ﻛﺌــﺐ‬ka’iba a (‫ ﻛــﺄب‬ka’b, ‫ ﻛﺄﺑــﺔ‬ka’ba, ‫ ﻛﺂﺑــﺔ‬ka’āba) to be dejected,
dispirited, downcast, sad (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about, ‫ ل‬because of), be worried (‫ ل‬by,
because of) IV to sadden, aggrieve, distress, worry (‫ ه‬s.o.); to depress,

dishearten, discourage (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to be dejected, dispirited, downcast, sad
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬about, ‫ ل‬because of), be worried (‫ ل‬by, because of); to be gloomy
‫ ﻛﺄب‬ka’b, ‫ ﻛﺄﺑﺔ‬ka’ba, ‫ ﻛﺂﺑﺔ‬ka’āba and ‫ اﻛﺘﺌﺎب‬ikti’āb sorrow, grief, distress,

sadness, dejection, depression, gloom, melancholy
‫ ﻛﺌـﺐ‬ka’ib and ‫ ﻛﺌﻴـﺐ‬ka’īb sad, dispirited, dejected, downcast, depressed,
melancholy; gloomy, morose; grave
1310
‫ ﻣﻜﺘﺌ ــﺐ‬mukta’ib sad, dispirited, dejected, downcast, depressed,

melancholy; gloomy, morose; grave; dark-colored, blackish, dismal
1‫( ﻛﺎﺑﻞ‬Fr. cable) kabil cable
2‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ‬kābul2 Kabul (capital of Afghanistan)
‫ اﺑﻠﻲ‬kābūlī Kabuli, of Kabul; (eg.) mahogany wood
‫( ﻛﺎﺑﲔ‬Fr. cabine) kābīn pl. ‫ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﻦ‬kabā’in2, ‫ ﻛﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬kabāyin2 cabin
‫ ﻛﺎﺗﺪراﺋﻴﺔ‬kātidrā’īya cathedral
‫ ﻛﺎﺛﻮﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬kātūlīkī Catholic; a Catholic; see also ‫ﻛﺜﻠﻚ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﺧﻴﺔ‬kākiya pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاخ‬kawākin butler, steward
1‫ ﻛـﺎد‬kād anacardium (bot.) | ‫( ﻛـﺎد ﻫﻨـﺪي‬hindī) cashew tree (Anacardium
occidentale; bot.)
2‫ ﻛﺄد‬ka’ada a to be sad, distressed, worried
‫ ﻛـﺄداء‬ka’dā’2 sadness, sorrow, distress, grief; fear; dark night | ‫ﻋﻘﺒـﺔ ﻛـﺄداء‬
(‘aqaba) insurmountable obstacle
‫ ﻛﺆود‬ka’ūd: ‫‘( ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﻛﺆود‬aqaba) insurmountable obstacle
Confidential
‫( ﻛـﺎدر‬Fr. cadre) kādir cadre (of a military unit, of a governmental agency,
of a corporation, etc.), skeleton organization, skeleton unit, skeleton crew
(of a naval unit)
‫ ﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻮم‬kadmiyom cadmium
‫ ﻛــﺎر‬kār pl. -āt work, job, occupation, business; calling, vocation,
profession, trade | ‫ اﺑــﻦ ﻛــﺎر‬ibn k. (eg.) artisan, craftsman; ‫ار ب اﻟﻜــﺎرات‬
artisans, craftsmen; ‫‘ ﻋـﺪاوة اﻟﻜـﺎر‬adāwat al-k. professional jealousy, trade
rivalry
‫ ﻛﺎرﺗﻮن‬kartōn cardboard, pasteboard; (pl. -āt) carton
‫ ﻛﺎردﻳﻨﺎل‬kardīnāl pl. ‫ ﻛﺮادﻟﺔ‬karādila cardinal
‫ ﻛﺎرى = ﻛﺮى‬karrī curry
‫ ﻛﺎرﻳﻜﺎﺗﻮرﻳﺔ‬karīkātūrīya caricature, cartoon
‫ ﻛﺎز = ﻏﺎز‬gāz gas
‫ ﻛﺎزﻳﻨﻮ‬kāzīnō pl. ‫ ﻛﺎزﻳﻨﻮﻫﺎت‬kāzīnōhāt casino
‫ ﻛﺄس‬ka’s f., pl. ‫ ﻛﺆوس‬ku’ūs, ‫ ﻛﺌﺎس‬ki’ās, ‫ ﻛﺄﺳﺎت‬ka’sāt cup; drinking glass,
tumbler; goblet; chalice, calix; calyx (bot.)
‫ ﻛﺴﺎ‬kāsātā cassata (Italian ice cream)
1311
‫ ﻛﺎﻏﻂ‬kāgiṭ (mor.) paper

‫ ﻛﺎف‬kāf name of the letter ‫ك‬
‫ ﻛـﺎﻓﻮر‬kāfūr camphor, camphor tree; (eg.) blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus
Lab.; bot.)
‫ ﻛﺎﻛﻨﺞ‬kākinj, kākanj alkekengi, ground cherry (Physalis alkekengi; bot.)
‫( ﻛﺎﻟﻮ‬It. callo) kallō pl. ‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﻫﺎت‬corn (on the toes)
‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻮن‬gālōn gallon; -- (eg.) kālūn and ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮن‬kailūn pl. ‫ ﻛـﻮاﻟﲔ‬kawālīn2 lock
(of a door)
‫ ﻛﻮاﻟﻴﲏ‬kawālīnī pl. -ya locksmith
‫ ﻛﺎﻣﺒﻮد‬kambōdiyā Cambodia
‫( ﻛﺎﻣﺒﻴﻮ‬It. cambio) kombiyō rate of exchange
‫ ﻛـﺎﻣﺦ‬kāmak, kāmik pl. ‫ ﻛـﻮاﻣﺦ‬kawāmik2 vinegar sauce, pickle; (mixed)
pickles
‫ ﻛﺎﻣﲑا‬kāmērā camera
‫ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻪ‬kāmīh cameo (precious stone)
Confidential
‫ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻜﺎﻧﺘﻮ‬sūq al-kantō rag fair, secondhand market
‫ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﲔ‬kantīn post exchange, canteen
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﻴـﺔ‬kāhiya pl. ‫ ﻛـﻮاﻩ‬kawāhin chief officer of a ‫ ﻛﻬﺎﻳـﺔ‬kihāya (Tun.);
deputy, vice-, under-, sub- (Tun.)
‫ ﻛﺎوﺗﺸﻖ‬kautšuq rubber, caoutchouc
‫ ﻛـﺐ‬kabba u (kabb) to prostrate, throw prostrate (‫ ﻟﻮﺟﻬـﻪ‬li-wajhihī or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫وﺟﻬـﻪ ه‬ s.o.); to overturn, overthrow, topple, upset, capsize, turn upside
down, revert, invert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pour out, pour away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a liquid) II to ball,
roll or form into a ball, conglomerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to throw down, prostrate,
bend down, bow down (‫ ه‬s.o.); to throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s.; to bend,
bow, lean (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th.); to apply o.s. eagerly, devote o.s., dedicate o.s.
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.) VII to fall prostrate (‫وﺟﻬـﻪ‬ ‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to throw o.s. down, prostrate
o.s.; to bend, bow, lean (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over); to apply o.s. eagerly, devote o.s.,
dedicate o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to nestle (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against); to be reverted, be inverted, be
overturned, be upset, be toppled, get knocked over; to be poured away |
1312
‫( اﻧﻜـﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﺪﻣﻴـﻪ‬qadamaihi) to throw o.s. at s.o.’s feet, prostrate o.s. before
s.o.
‫ ﻛــﺐ‬kabb prostration; overthrow, overturn, reversal; bending, tilting,
inclination
‫ ﻛﺒـﺔ‬kubba pl. ‫ ﻛﺒـﺐ‬kubab ball; clew, hank; ball of thread, hank of yarn;
(syr., ir.) a kind of meatballs made of bulgur, onions, minced meat and
piñons; (eg.) bubo, plague boil
‫ ﻛﺒﺎب‬kabāb fried or broiled meat; cabobs, meat roasted in small pieces on
a skewer; a kind of meatballs made of finely chopped meat (syr., eg.) | ‫ﻛﺒﺎب‬
‫( ﺻﻴﲏ‬ṣīnī; eg.) cubeb (Piper cubeba Tr.; bot.)
‫ ﻛﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬kabāba, kubāba cubeb (Piper cubeba; bot.)
‫( ﻛﺒﻴﺒـﺔ‬eg.) kubēba a kind of meatballs, hamburgers | ‫( ﻛﺒﻴﺒـﺔ ﺑﻄـﺎﻃﺲ‬eg.)
baked potato dough stuffed with minced meat, meat patties
‫ ﻛﺒﺎﻳﺔ‬kubbāya pl. -āt drinking glass, tumbler
‫ ﻣﻜـﺐ‬mikabb pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻜـﺎب‬makābb2 ball of thread, hank of yarn; reel of
thread, bobbin, spool, reel
Confidential
‫ اﻛﺒـﺎب‬ikbāb devotion, dedication (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.); occupation (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with),
pursuit (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of)
‫ اﻧﻜﺒـﺎب‬inkibāb devotion, dedication (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.); occupation (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with),
pursuit (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of)
‫ ﻣﻜـﺐ‬mukibb devoted, dedicated, addicted, given over (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), intent
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on), wholeheartedly engaged (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in)
‫ ﻣﻨﻜـﺐ‬munkabb devoted, dedicated, addicted, given over (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), intent
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on), wholeheartedly engaged (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in)
‫( ﻛﺒﺎرﻳﻪ‬Fr. cabaret) kabārēh pl. -āt cabaret
1‫ ﻛﺒـﺖ‬kabata i (kabt) to put down, crush, suppress, repress, stifle, subdue,
restrain, curb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻛﺒـﺖ ﻏﻴﻈـﻪ ﰲ ﺟﻮﻓـﻪ‬ (gaiẓahū fī jaufihī) to suppress

one’s anger; ‫اﻧﻔﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫( ﻛﺒﺖ‬anfāsahū) to get s.o. out of breath
‫ ﻛﺒﺖ‬kabt suppression, repression
2‫ ﻛﺒـﻮت‬kabbūt pl. ‫ ﻛﺒﺎﺑﻴـﺖ‬kabābīt2 hood, cowl; hooded mantle; top of a
carriage or automobile
1313
‫ ﻛﺒﺘﻮﻟﺔ‬kabtūla lump, chunk; ball; pellet

‫ ﻣﻜﺒﺘﻞ‬mukabtal round
‫( ﻛﺒﱳ‬Engl.) kabtan captain (military rank)
‫ ﻛـﺒﺢ‬kabaḥa a (kabḥ) to rein in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a horse); to check, curb, control (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to hamper, hinder, prevent, detain, restrain, hold back (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ s.o.
from) | ‫ﲨﺎﺣﻪ‬ ‫( ﻛﺒﺢ‬jimāḥahū) to curb s.o.’s defiance, repress s.o. or s.th.
‫ ﻛـﺒﺢ‬kabḥ curbing, checking, subdual, restraint, control; suppression,
repression; hindering, prevention
O ‫ ﻣﻜﺒﺢ‬mikbaḥ brake (of an automobile)
‫ ﻛﺒـﺪ‬kabada u i (kabd) to affect severely, afflict gravely, wear out, wear
down (‫ ه‬s.o.; of pain, losses, etc.) II to cause (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th., esp. losses),
inflict (‫ه‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ upon s.o. s.th., esp. losses); to culminate, pass through the
meridian (star); to reach its climax III to bear, suffer, endure, undergo,
sustain, stand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to bear, suffer, endure, undergo, sustain, stand (‫ﻫ ـ‬
losses, hardships, etc.); to have to take upon o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), be exposed (‫ ﻫـ‬to);
Confidential
to bear, defray (‫ ﻫ ـ‬costs); to take up the center, step into the middle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of a
place); to be in the zenith, culminate
‫ ﻛﺒـﺪ‬kabid, kabd, kibd m. and f., pl. ‫ اﻛﺒـﺎد‬akbād, ‫ ﻛﺒـﻮد‬kubūd liver; interior,
heart; middle, center; -- kabid, kabad center of the sky, zenith
‫ ﻛﺒﺎد‬kubād liver ailment
‫ ﻛﺒـﺎد‬kabbād, kubbād name of several citrus plants (Citrus medica Risso,
Citrus Bigaradia Duh., also Zollikoferia spinosa B.; eg.); kabbād (syr.)
citron (Citrus medica)
1‫ ﻛـﱪ‬kabara u (kabr) to exceed in age (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. by), be older (‫ ه‬than s.o.,
‫ ب‬so-and-so much); -- kabura u (kubr, kibar, ‫ ﻛﺒـﺎرة‬kabāra) to be or become
great, big, large; to grow, increase, augment, become greater, bigger or
larger; to become famous, gain significance, become important; to become
too great, too big, toe large (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for s.th.); to disdain (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); to become toe
oppressive, too painful, too distressing, too burdensome; to appear
intolerable (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to become too difficult, too hard (‫ اﱃ‬for s.o.), appear
insurmountable (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.) II to make great(er), big(ger), large(r), enlarge,
magnify, enhance, aggrandize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to extend, expand, widen, amplify (‫ﻫـ‬
1314
s.th.); to increase, augment (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to intensify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to exaggerate,

play up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to aggravate, make worse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to praise, laud, extol,
exalt, glorify, celebrate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to exclaim allāhu akbar III to treat
haughtily, with disdain, with contempt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to seek to excel, try to
surpass, strive to outdo (‫ ه‬s.o.); to contend, vie, strive, contest (‫ ه‬with s.o.);
to oppose, resist, contradict (‫ ه‬s.o.); to renege, renounce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), offend (‫ﻫ ـ‬
against), act contrary (‫ ﻫـ‬to); to stickle, insist stubbornly on one’s opinion IV
to consider great, deem significant, regard as formidable (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to praise,
laud, extol (‫ ه‬s.o.); to show respect (‫ ه‬to s.o.), he deferential (‫ ه‬toward
s.o.); to admire (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬s.th.) V and VI to be proud or haughty, give o.s. airs,
swagger; to be overweening, overbearing (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward s.o.) X to deem great

or important (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be proud, haughty, display arrogance (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward
s.o.)
‫ ﻛـﱪ‬kibr bigness, largeness, magnitude; greatness, eminence, grandeur;
Confidential
significance, importance; standing, prestige; nobility; pride, haughtiness,
presumption, arrogance
‫ ﻛـﱪ‬kubr greatness, eminence, grandeur; bigness, largeness, magnitude;
size, bulk, extent, expanse; power, might; glory, fame, renown, standing,
prestige; nobility; main part, bulk
‫ ﻛـﱪ‬kibar bigness, largeness, magnitude; greatness, eminence, grandeur;
old age
‫ ﻛﱪة‬kabra old age
‫ ﻛﺒـﲑ‬kabīr pl. ‫ ﻛﺒـﺎر‬kibār, ‫ ﻛـﱪاء‬kubarā’2 great, big, large, sizable; bulky,
voluminous, spacious; extensive, comprehensive; significant, considerable,
formidable, huge, vast, enormous; powerful, influential, distinguished,
eminent; important; old | ‫اﻟﺒﺤـﺎر‬‫ ﻛﺒﲑ اﻣـﺮاء‬k. umara’ al-b. Admiral of the Fleet
(Eg.); ‫ ﻛﺒﲑة اﳋﺪم‬k. al-kadam female head of the houaehold staff; ‫ﻛﺒﲑ اﻷﺳﺎﻗﻔﺔ‬
k. al-asāqifa archbishop; ‫ ﻛﺒـﲑ اﻟﺴـﻦ‬k. as-sinn old; ‫ ﻛﺒـﲑ اﻟﻘﻀـﺎة‬k. al-quḍāh
chief justice, chief magistrate; ‫( اﺑﻮ ﻛﺒﲑ‬abū) asafetida, devil’s dung (pharm.);
‫ ﻛـﻞ ﺻـﻐﲑة وﻛﺒـﲑة‬every single detail; ‫ ﻛﺒـﺎر اﻟﻀـﺒﺎط‬k. aḍ-ḍubbāṭ senior officers;
‫ ﻛﺒـﺎر اﳌـﻮﻇﻔﲔ‬k. al-muwaẓẓafīn senior officials; ‫ ﻛﺒـﺎر اﳍﻴﺌـﺎت‬k. al-hai’āt the
leading personalities of public corporations
1315
‫ ﻛﺒـﲑة‬kabīra pl. -āt, ‫ ﻛﺒـﺎﺋﺮ‬kabā’ir2, ‫ ﻛـﱪ‬kubur great sin, grave offense,

Atrocious crime
‫ ﻛﺒﺎر‬kubār, kubbār very great, very big, huge
‫ ﻛـﱪ ء‬kibriyā’ grandeur, glory, magnificence, majesty; pride, haughtiness,
presumption, arrogance
‫ اﻛـﱪ‬akbar2 pl. -ūn, ‫ اﻛـﺎﺑﺮ‬akābir2, f. ‫ ﻛـﱪى‬kubrā, pl. ‫ ﻛـﱪ ت‬kubrayāt
greater, bigger, larger; older; senior-ranking | ‫اﻷﻛﱪ‬ ‫( اﳌﻔﱵ‬muftī) grand mufti;
‫( ﺳـﻮر اﻟﻜـﱪى‬sūriyā) Greater Syria; ‫ أﻛـﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﻘـﻮم‬a. al-qaum the leaders of the
people; ‫واﻷﻋﻴﺎن‬ ‫ اﻷﻛﺎﺑﺮ‬the grandees and notables
‫ ﺗﻜﺒ ــﲑ‬takbīr enlargement, increase, augmentation, magnification;
enhancement, aggrandizement; intensification, amplification; exaggeration;
augmentative (gram.); praise, laudation, extolment, exaltation, glorification;
the exclamation ‫اﻛﱪ‬ ‫ ﷲ‬allāhu akbar
‫ﻣﻜ ـ ــﺎﺑﺮة‬mukābara haughtiness, superciliousness, overweening,
overbearingness; self-importance, pomposity; stubbornness, obstinacy, self-
will
Confidential
‫ اﻛﺒﺎر‬ikbār admiration; deference, respect, regard, esteem
‫ ﺗﻜــﱪ‬takabbur and ‫ ﺗﻜــﺎﺑﺮ‬takābur pride, haughtiness, presumption,
arrogance
‫ ﻣﻜـﱪ‬mukabbir pl. -āt O amplifier (el.) | ‫ ﻣﻜـﱪ اﻟﺼـﻮت‬m. aṣ-ṣaut or ‫ﻣﻜـﱪ‬
‫( ﺻﻮت‬ṣautī) loud-speaker (radio); ‫ﻣﻜﱪة‬ ‫( ﻧﻈﺎرة‬naẓẓāra) magnifying glass
‫ ﻣﻜﱪة‬mukabbira pl. -āt magnifying glass
‫ ﻣﻜــﱪ‬mukabbar enlarged, magnified | ‫( ﺻــﻮرة ﻣﻜــﱪة‬ṣūra) enlargement,
blowup (phot.); ‫ ﺑﺼـﻮرة ﻣﻜـﱪة‬increasingly, on a larger scale, to an increasing
degree
‫ﻣﻜـ ــﺎﺑﺮ‬
mukābir presumptuous, arrogant, supercilious, haughty,
overweening; quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous; self-willed, obstinate,
stubborn; stickler
‫ ﻣﺘﻜـﱪ‬mutakabbir proud, imperious, high-handed, haughty, supercilious,
overweening
2‫ ﻛﱪ‬kabar capers; caper shrub
‫ ﻛـﱪت‬kabrata to coat with sulfur (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sulfurize, sulfurate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);

to vulcanize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1316
‫ ﻛﱪﻳﺖ‬kibrīt sulfur; matches | ‫‘ ﻋﻮد ﻛﱪﻳﺖ‬ūd k. matches, a match

‫ ﻛﱪﻳﺘﺔ‬kibrīta match, matchstick
‫ ﻛﱪﻳــﱵ‬kibrītī sulfureous, sulfurate, sulfurous, sulfuric | ‫ﲪــﺎم ﻛﱪﻳــﱵ‬
(ḥammām) sulfur bath; ‫( ﻳﻨﺒﻮع ﻛﱪﻳﱵ‬yanbū‘) sulfur spring
‫ ﻛﱪﻳﺘﺎت‬kibrītāt sulfate
‫ ﻛﱪي‬kubrī or ‫( ﻛﻮﺑﺮي‬from Turk. köprü) pl. ‫ ﻛﺒﺎري‬kabārī bridge; deck
‫ ﻛـﺒﺲ‬kabasa i (kabs) to exert pressure (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), press (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. or on
s.th.), squeeze (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to attack, raid, take by surprise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a place); to
intercalate (‫ﺑﻴﻮم‬
‫ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬as-sanata bi-yaumin a day in a leap year);
to preserve (in vinegar, or the like), pickle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to marinate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to conserve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II to press or squeeze hard (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to massage (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ ﻛـﺒﺲ‬kabs pressure, squeeze, pressing; raid, attack; preservation (esp. in
vinegar), pickling; intercalation (of a day; astron.)
‫ ﻛﺒﺲ‬kabsa (n. vic.) raid, surprise attack
Confidential
‫ ﻛﺒﺎس‬kabbas piston; press; ramrod | O ‫( ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻛﺒﺎس‬mūsā) penknife
‫ ﻛﺒـﻴﺲ‬kabīs preserved (esp. in vinegar), pickled; pickled food, preserves;
intercalary, intercalated, interpolated | ‫( ﺳﻨﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺴﺔ‬sana) leap year
‫ ﻛـﺎﺑﻮس‬kābūs pl. ‫ ﻛـﻮاﺑﻴﺲ‬kawābīs2 night-mare, incubus; terrible vision,

phantom, bugbear
‫ ﻛـﺒﺲ‬mikbas pl. ‫ ﻣﻜـﺎﺑﺲ‬makābis2 or ‫ ﻣﻜﺒـﺎس‬mikbās pl. ‫ ﻣﻜـﺎﺑﻴﺲ‬makābīs2
press; piston (of a pump); ramrod | ‫ ﻣﻜـﺒﺲ اﻟﻘﻄـﻦ‬m. al-quṭn cotton press; O
‫ﻣﻜـﺒﺲ اﳋﻄـﺎ ت‬ letter press, copying press; O ‫( ﻣﻜـﺒﺲ ﻣـﺎﺋﻲ‬mā’ī) hydraulic
press
‫ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺲ‬takbīs massage
O ‫ آﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﺴﺔ‬āla kābisa compressor
‫ ﻣﻜﺒـﻮس‬makbūs raided, attacked; pressed; preserved, pickled; ‫ﻣﻜﺒﻮﺳـﺎت‬
canned goods, conserves
‫ ﻛﺒﺴــﻮل‬kabsūl or ‫ ﻛﺒﺴ ـﻮﻟﺔ‬kabsūla capsule; percussion cap, primer,
detonator; snap fastener
1317
‫ ﻛﺒﺶ‬kabaša u (kabš) to take a handful (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.); to grasp with the hand,
clench (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻛـﺒﺶ‬kabš pl. ‫ ﻛﺒـﺎش‬kibāš, ‫ اﻛﺒـﺎش‬akbāš ram, male sheep; bellwether;
chieftain, chief, head, leader; battering-ram; pile driver; rammer; (pl. ‫ﻛﺒـﻮش‬
kubūš)buttress, pier, stay, prop, support; mulberry | ‫ﻛــﺒﺶ اﻟﺘﺼــﺎدم‬ k. at-
taṣādum (pl. ‫ )ﻛﺒﻮش‬bumper (railroad); ‫ﻗﺮﻧﻔﻞ‬ ‫ ﻛﺒﻮش‬k. qaranful cloves
‫ ﻛﺒﺸﺔ‬kabša a handful; grasp, grip
‫ ﻛﺒﺸﺔ‬kabša ladle, scoop
‫ ﻛﺒﺸﺔ‬kubša pl. ‫ ﻛﺒﺶ‬kubaš hook, clamp, cramp, brace; clasp, brooch
‫ ﻛﺒﻜـﺐ‬kabkaba to topple, upset, capsize, overturn, turn upside down,
revert, invert (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to spill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻛﺒﻴﻜﺞ‬kabīkaj Asiatic crowfoot (Ranunculus Asiaticus; bot.)
1‫ ﻛﺒـﻞ‬kabala i (kabl) to put in irons, shackle, fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to keep
waiting (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th., esp. for the payment of a debt) II to put in irons,
Confidential
shackle, fetter (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to keep waiting (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th., esp. for the
payment of a debt), defer, put off (‫ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ad-daina the payment of a debt)
‫ ﻛﺒﻞ‬kabl, kibl pl. ‫ ﻛﺒﻮل‬kubūl leg iron, chain, shackle, fetter
‫ ﻛﺒـﻮﱄ‬kabūlī and ‫ ﻛـﺎﺑﻮﱄ‬kābūlī pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﺑﻴـﻞ‬kawābīl2 bracket, corbel, console
(arch.); lean to roof, pent roof, shed roof (arch.)
2‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ‬and ‫ ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻲ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﺎﺑﲔ‬pl. ‫ ﻛﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬look up alphabetically

(‫ﻛﺒـﺎ‬(‫ ﻛﺒﻮ‬kabā u (kabw, kubūw) to fall forward (‫ ﻟﻮﺟﻬـﻪ‬li-wajhihī on one’s
face); to stumble, trip, slip; -- u to empty (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a vessel), pour out the contents
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬of a vessel); to become dim (light); to become dull, fade, lose luster
(color); to rise, swirl up (dust) IV to fail, fail to produce a spark (lighter) VII
to fail headlong; to stumble, trip, slip
‫ ﻛﺒﻮة‬kabwa (n. vic.) fall, tumble, drop; stumble, trip, slip, false step; dust
‫ ﻛـﺎب‬kābin dull, dim, pale, dead, flat; slack, weak, decrepit; see ‫ﻛـﺎب‬
alphabetically
‫ ﻛﺒﺎﻳﺔ‬see ‫ﻛﺐ‬
1318
‫ ﻛﺒﻮت‬see 2‫ﻛﺒﺖ‬
‫ ﻛﺖ‬katta i (katt) to hum softly
‫ ﻛﺖ‬katt and ‫ ﻛﺘﻴﺖ‬katīt soft humming
‫ ﻛﺘﺎﻟﻮج‬katālōg pl. -āt catalogue
‫ ﻛﺘﺐ‬kataba u (katb, ‫ ﻛﺘﺒـﺔ‬kitba, ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬kitāba) to write, pen, write down, put
down in writing, note down, inscribe, enter, record, book, register (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to compose, draw up, indite, draft (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bequeath, make over by will
(‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.); to prescribe (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to foreordain, destine (‫ل‬
or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.; of God); pass. kutiba to be rated, be foreordained, be
destined (‫ ل‬to s.o.) | ‫ ﻛﺘـﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ان‬to be firmly resolved to ..., make it
one’s duty to ...; ‫ ﻛﺘـﺐ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬to write from s.o.’s dictation; ‫( ﻛﺘـﺐ ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﻪ‬kitābahū)
to draw up the marriage contract for s.o., marry s.o. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to) II to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) write (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to form or deploy in squadrons (‫ ﻫ ـ‬troops) III to keep up

a correspondence, exchange letters, correspond (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to dictate ( ‫ﻫـ‬
Confidential
‫ه‬ to s.o. s.th.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) write (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to write to each other,
exchange letters, keep up a correspondence VII to subscribe VIII to write (‫ﻫـ‬

s.th.); to copy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make a copy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to enter one’s name; to
subscribe (‫ ل‬for); to contribute, subscribe (‫ب‬ ‫ ل‬money to); to be entered, be
recorded, be registered X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to write (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to dictate (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to
s.o. s.th.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) write (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to have a copy made (‫ ه‬by s.o.)
‫ ﻛﺘـﺎب‬kitāb pl. ‫ ﻛﺘـﺐ‬kutub piece of writing, record, paper; letter, note,
message; document, deed; contract (esp. marriage contract); book; ‫اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب‬
the Koran; the Bible | ‫اﻫـﻞ اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ‬ ahl a1-k. the people of the Book, the
adherents of a revealed religion, the kitabis, i.e., Christians and Jews; ‫ﻛﺘـﺎب‬
‫ اﻟـﺰواج‬k. az-zawāj marriage contract; ‫ ﻛﺘـﺎب اﻟﻄـﻼق‬k. aṭ-ṭalāq bill of divorce;
‫( ﻛﺘـﺎب ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤـﻲ‬ta‘līmī) textbook; ‫ ﻛﺘـﺎب اﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎد‬credentials (dipl.); ‫دار اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ‬
library
‫ ﻛﺘﱯ‬kutubī pl. -ya bookseller, book-dealer
1319
‫ ﻛﺘﺎﲞﺎﻧﺔ‬kitābkāna and ‫ ﻛﺘﺒﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬kutubkāna library; bookstore

‫ ﻛﺘـﺎب‬kuttāb pl. ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺗﻴـﺐ‬katātīb2 kuttab, Koran school (lowest elementary
school)
‫ ﻛﺘﻴﺐ‬kutayyib booklet
‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬kitāba (act or practice of) writing; art of writing, penmanship; system
of writing, script; inscription; writing, legend; placard, poster; piece of
writing, record, paper; secretariat; written amulet, charm; pl. ‫ﻛﺘــﺎ ت‬
writings, essays; ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬kitābatan in writing | ‫ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬ written; ‫ ﺑـﺪون ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬bi-dūn
k. unwritten, oral; blank; ‫اﻟﺘـﺎرﻳﺦ‬ ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬historiography, historical writing; ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬k. ad-daula (Magr.) secretariat of stae; ‫‘( ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﺔ ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ‬āmma) secretariat
general; ‫ اﺳـﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬ism al-k. pen name, nom de plume; ‫ آﻟـﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬typewriter;
‫ ﻟﻐﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬lugat al-k. literary language; ‫ ورق اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬waraq al-k. writing paper
‫ ﻛﺘـﺎﰊ‬kitābī written, in writing; clerical; literary; scriptural, relating to the
revealed Scriptures (Koran, Bible); kitabi, adherent of a revealed religion;
the written part (of an examination) | ‫( اﺳـﻠﻮب ﻛﺘـﺎﰊ‬uslūb) literary style; ‫ﻏﻠﻄـﺔ‬
Confidential
‫( ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴـﺔ‬galṭa) slip of the pen, clerical error; ‫ اﻋﻤـﺎل ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴـﺔ‬clerical work, office
work, desk work; ‫( اﻟﻜﻤـﺎل اﻟﻜﺘـﺎﰊ‬kamāl) literary perfection; ‫( ﻟﻐـﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴـﺔ‬luga)
literary language; ‫( ﻣﻮﻇــﻒ ﻛﺘــﺎﰊ‬muwaẓẓaf) clerk, clerical worker (of a
government office)
‫ ﻛﺘﻴﺒـﺔ‬katība pl. ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺋـﺐ‬katā’ib2 squadron; cavalry detachment; (Eg. 1939)
battalion, (Ir. after 1922) regiment, (later) battalion, (Syr.) battalion of
armored, cavalry, or motorized, unite (mil.); (piece of) writing, record,
paper, document; written amulet
‫ ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ‬maktab pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺗـﺐ‬makātib2 office; bureau; business office; study;
school, elementary school; department, agency, office; desk | ‫ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ اﻷﺧﺒـﺎر‬
and ‫ ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ اﻷﻧﺒـﺎء‬news agency, press agency, wire service; ‫ ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ‬post
office; ‫( ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴـﻲ‬ra’īsī) main post office; ‫ ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ اﻟـﱪق‬m. al-barq
telegraph office; ‫ ﻣﻜﺘــﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳــﺮ‬editorial room; ‫ ﻣﻜﺘــﺐ اﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔــﻮ ت‬telephone
central office; ‫ ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ اﻟﺴـﻔﺮ ت‬m. as-safarīyāt (syr.) travel agency; ‫ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺼـﺤﺔ‬ m. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa board of health; ‫ﻣﻜﺘـﺐ اﻻﺳـﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬ information office,

information desk; news agency, press agency, wire service
1320
‫ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬maktaba pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬makātib2 library; bookstore; desk

O ‫ ﻣﻜﺘﺎب‬miktāb typewriter
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﺔ‬mukātaba exchange of letters, correspondence
‫ اﻛﺘﺘﺎب‬iktitāb enrollment, registration, entering (of one’s name); -- (pl. -āt)
subscription; contribution (of funds)
‫ اﺳﺘﻜﺘﺎب‬istiktāb dictation
‫ اﺳﺘﻜﺘﺎﰊ‬istiktābī: ‫ آﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﻜﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬dictaphone
‫ ﻛﺎﺗـﺐ‬kātib pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻛﺘـﺎب‬kuttāb, ‫ ﻛﺘﺒـﺔ‬kataba writer; scribe, scrivener;
secretary; clerk typist; office worker, clerical employee; clerk, registrar,
actuary, court clerk; notary; writer, author | ‫ ﻛﺎﺗـﺐ اﻟﺪوﻟـﺔ‬k. ad-daula (Mag.)
(under)secretary of state; ‫ ﻛﺎﺗـﺐ اﻟﺴـﺮ‬k. s-sirr private secretary; ‫ﻛﺎﺗـﺐ ﻗﺼﺼـﻲ‬
(qiṣaṣī) writer, novelist; ‫ ﻛﺎﺗـﺐ اﶈﻜﻤـﺔ‬k. al-mahkama court clerk; ‫آﻟـﺔ ﻛﺎﺗﺒـﺔ‬
typewriter
‫ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﺔ‬kātiba pl. -āt woman secretary; authoress, writer
‫ ﻣﻜﺘــﻮب‬maktūb written, written down, recorded; fated, foreordained,
Confidential
destined (‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); s.th. written, writing; -- (pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﻴـﺐ‬makātīb2) a
writing, message, note; letter
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬mukātib correspondent; (newspaper) reporter
‫ ﻣﻜﺘﺘﺐ‬muktatib subscriber
‫ ﻛﺘﺎﲞﺎﻧﺔ‬and ‫ ﻛﺘﺒﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬see ‫ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ اﻛﺘﻊ‬akta’ pl. ‫ ﻛﺘﻊ‬kut’ having crippled fingers; one-armed
‫ ﻛﺘـﻒ‬katafa i (katf) to fetter, shackle (‫ ه‬s.o., esp. by tying his hands); to
tie up, bind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to tie the hands behind the back; to cross, fold (‫ﻫ ـ‬
hands, arms behind the back or in front of the chest) V and X to cross or
fold one’s arms VI to stand shoulder to shoulder; to support one another; to
be united in solidarity, stand together
‫ ﻛﺘـﻒ‬katif, katf, kitf pl. ‫ اﻛﺘـﺎف‬aktāf, ‫ ﻛﺘﻔـﺔ‬kitafa shoulder; shoulder blade,
scapula; mountain slope; O end support of a bridge; (pl. ‫اﻛﺘــﺎف‬ aktāf)
buttress, pier | ‫اﻟﻜﺘـﻒ‬ ‫( ﻣﺎ ﻫﻜـﺬا ﺗﺆﻛـﻞ‬tu’kalu) that’s certainly not the way to do
it! that’s no way to handle it!
‫ ﻛﺘﺎف‬kitāf pl. ‫ ﻛﺘﻒ‬kutuf shackle, manacle, handcuff
‫ ﻛﺘﻒ‬aktaf2, f. ‫ ﻛﺘﻔﺎء‬katfā’2, pl. ‫ ﻛﺘﻒ‬kutf broad-shouldered
1321
1‫ ﻛﺘﻜﺖ‬katkat floss, silk waste
2‫ ﻛﺘﻜﻮت‬katkūt pl. ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﻛﻴﺖ‬katākīt2 chicken, chick
‫ ﻛﺘـﻞ‬katala u (katl) and II to agglomerate, conglomerate, gather into a

compact mass, press into a lump (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be heaped up, piled up,
agglomerated, clustered, clotted, massed, pressed into a compact mass or
lump; to agglomerate, cluster, clot, pile up, gather in a mass; to unite in a
bloc or group
‫ ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ‬kutla pl. ‫ ﻛﺘـﻞ‬kutal lump, chunk, clod, clot; bulk, mass; cube; block;
bloc; beam, joist, transom, lintel, girder | ‫ﻛﺘــﻞ ﺑﺸـﺮﻳﺔ‬ (bašarīya) crowds,
throngs, masses; ‫اﳉﺴـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ‬kutlat al-jasad bulk of the body, frame; ‫ﻛﺘﻠـﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫اﻷﻋﺼــﺎب‬ (a‘ṣāb) a fearless, husky fellow; ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻠــﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴــﺔ‬ (waṭanīya) the
National Bloc
‫ ﻣﻜﺘﻞ‬miktal pi. ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﻞ‬makatil2 large basket
‫ ﺗﻜﺘﻞ‬takattul formation of blocs (pol.) | ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻞ‬policy of blocs (pol.)
‫ ﻣﺘﻜﺘــﻞ‬mutakattil clotted, lumpy, agglomerate, clustered, massed;
Confidential
concentrated, compact; burly, husky, stocky, heavily built (body)
‫ ﻛـﺘﻢ‬katama u (katm, ‫ ﻛﺘﻤـﺎن‬kitmān) to hide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.o.); to
conceal, secrete, keep secret (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.o.); to suppress, repress,
restrain, check, curb, subdue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬anger, passion); to hold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s breath); to
lower, muffle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the voice); to stifle, smother, quench (‫ ﻫ ـ‬fire) | ‫اﻧﻔﺎﺳـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻛـﺘﻢ‬to
take s.o.’s breath away, drive s.o. out of his senses II to hide, conceal (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) III to hide, conceal, keep, withhold (‫ه‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ from s.o. s.th.) V to keep
silent, hold one’s tongue, keep mum VIII = II X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to keep (‫ ه‬a
secret); to confide (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. s.th.)
‫ ﻛـﺘﻢ‬katm and ‫ ﻛﺘﻤـﺎن‬kitmān secrecy, concealment, secretion, silence;
restraint, control, suppression (esp. of an emotion)
‫ ﻛﺘـﻴﻢ‬katīm shut tight, hermetically sealed, impenetrable, impermeable,
impervious
‫ ﻛﺘــﻮم‬katūm reticent, reserved, secretive, uncommunicative, taciturn,
discreet
‫ ﻛﺘﺎم‬kitām (eg.) constipation
1322
‫ ﺗﻜــﺘﻢ‬takattum secrecy, secretiveness, reticence, reserve, taciturnity,

discretion
‫ اﻛﺘﺘﺎم‬iktitām concealment, secretion, secrecy, silence
‫ ﻛﺎﰎ‬kātim: ‫ ﻛﺎﰎ اﻟﺴﺮ‬k. as-sirr (private) secretary
‫ ﻣﻜﺘــﻮم‬maktūm hidden, concealed, kept, preserved (secret); (eg.)
constipated
1‫ ﻛـﱳ‬katina a (katan) to be dirty, soiled, smutty, blackened by soot II to
smut, soil (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻛﱳ‬katan dirt, smut, soot
2 ‫ ﻛﺘﺎن‬kattān (kittān) flax; linen
‫ ﻛﺘﺎﱐ‬kattānī made of linen, linen (adj.)
3 ‫( ﻛﺘﻴﻨﺔ‬It. catena) katīna (watch) chain
‫ ﻛـﺚ‬katta i a (‫ ﻛﺜـﺚ‬katat, ‫ ﻛﺜﺎﺛـﺔ‬katāta, ‫ ﻛﺜﻮﺛـﺔ‬kutūta) to be thick or dense

(esp. hair)
‫ ﻛﺜﺚ‬katat thickness, density
Confidential
‫ ﻛﺚ‬katt and ‫ ﻛﺜﻴﺚ‬katīt thick, dense, thick-grown, densely crowded
‫ ﻛﺜـﺐ‬katab nearness, proximity, vicinity | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛﺜـﺐ ﻣـﻦ‬and ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻛﺜـﺐ ﻣـﻦ‬in
the vicinity (or neighborhood) of, near; ‫ﻛﺜﺐ‬
distance
(‫ ﻣﻦ )ﻋﻦ‬from nearby, at a short
‫ ﻛﺜﻴﺐ‬katīb pl. ‫ اﻛﺜﺒﺔ‬aktiba, ‫ ﻛﺜﺐ‬kutub, ‫ ﻛﺜﺒﺎن‬kutbān sandhill, dune

‫ ﻛﺜـﺮ‬katara u (katr) to outnumber, exceed in number (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) –
katura u (‫ ﻛﺜﺮة‬katra) to be much, many or numerous; to be more (‫ ﻋﻦ‬than); to
happen frequently, occur often; to increase, augment, multiply, grow II to
increase, augment, compound, multiply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to outnumber, exceed in
number (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to vie in quantity or number (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with) IV to do
much (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬in or of s.th.); to give much or frequently (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.o. of s.th.); to
do constantly,
always or frequently (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to increase, augment (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to
band together, form a gang, rally (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against) X = IV; to regard as too
much, deem excessive, find exorbitant (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to regard as too high, as too
troublesome (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to think not worth the trouble (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with regard
1323
to s.o.); to begrudge (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. s.th.); to demand much, ask for a lot | ‫اﺳﺘﻜﺜﺮ‬
‫( ﲞﲑﻩ‬bi-kairihī) to thank s.o.
‫ ﻛﺜﺮ‬kutr large quantity, abundance, plenty; major portion, greater part
‫ ﻛﺜ ــﺮة‬katra large quantity, great number, multitude, abundance,
copiousness, numerousness, frequency, multiplicity, plurality; majority,
major portion (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of) | ‫ ﺑﻜﺜﺮة‬plentifully, abundantly, a lot; ‫ ﲨﻊ اﻟﻜﺜﺮة‬jam‘ al-k.
plural of multitude (gram.)
‫ ﻛﺜـﲑ‬katīr pl. ‫ ﻛﺜـﺎر‬kitār much, many, numerous, abundant, plentiful,
copious; frequent; a large portion, a great deal, a great many, a lot; ‫ اﻟﻜﺜـﲑ‬the
most part, most (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); ‫ ﻛﺜـﲑا‬katīran very, much, to a large extent; often,
frequently | ‫ ﻛﺜـﲑا ﻣـﺎ‬katīran mā often, frequently; ‫( ﺑﻜﺜـﲑ‬after a comparative)
far, by far; ‫ اﻟﻜﺜـﲑون ﻣـﻦ‬,‫ اﻟﻜﺜـﲑ ﻣـﻦ‬the majority of, most of; plenty of, a great
many, a lot of; ‫ ﻛﺜـﲑ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬too much for; ‫ اﻟﺸـﻲء اﻟﻜﺜـﲑ‬most of it; ‫ ﻫـﺬا ﻛﺜـﲑ‬that’s
pretty strong! that’s laying it on thick! ‫ ﰲ ﻛﺜـﲑ ﻣـﻦ اﻷوﻗـﺎت‬and ‫ﰲ اﺣﻴـﺎن ﻛﺜـﲑة‬
Confidential
frequently, often
‫ ﻛﺜـﲑاء‬katīrā’2 tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer Lab.; bot.); gum obtained
from tragacanth
‫ اﻛﺜـﺮ‬aktar2 more; oftener, more frequently; more numerous; longer; most;
major portion, greater part, majority; ‫ اﻷﻛﺜـﺮون‬the majority, most of them |
‫ اﻛﺜـﺮ ﻓـﺎﻛﺜﺮ‬more and more; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻷﻛﺜـﺮ‬at most; latest; ‫ اﻛﺜـﺮ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬aktara l-amr at
best; ‫ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬besides, moreover
‫ اﻛﺜﺮﻳﺔ‬aktarīya majority
‫ ﻣﻜﺜﺎر‬miktār very talkative, garrulous
‫ ﺗﻜﺜـﲑ‬taktīr increase, augmentation, multiplication. propagation, ample
provision, abundant supply
‫ اﻛﺜــﺎر‬iktār increase, augmentation, multiplication, propagation, ample
provision, abundant supply; raising, increase (esp. of the yield)
‫ ﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮ‬takātur growth, increase; multiplication, propagation, proliferation
‫ ﻣﻜﺜﺮ‬muktir rich, well-to-do
‫ ﻣﺘﻜـﺎﺛﺮ‬mutakātir numerous, extensive; manifold, multifarious, multiple |
‫ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺮﻗﺎع‬m. ar-riqā‘ patched in numerous places
1324
‫ ﻛﺜﻒ‬katufa u (‫ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬katāfa) to be thick or dense; to thicken, be condensed,

become thicker or denser II to make thick or dense, thicken, compress,
solidify, concentrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to inspissate, condense (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); O (el.) to
increase the capacity V and VI to grow denser, become concentrated; to
thicken, become viscous; to be condensed
‫ ﻛﺜﻴـﻒ‬katīf pl. ‫ ﻛﺜـﺎف‬kitāf thick; dense; compact; heavy, coarse, crude;
viscous, sirupy (e.g., sauce)
‫ ﻛﺜﺎﻓ ــﺔ‬katāfa thickness; density; heaviness; solidity, firmness;
compactness, fullness, intensity; consistency, degree of density or viscosity;
O capacity (el.) | ‫ ﻛﺜﺎﻓـﺔ اﻟﺴـﻜﺎن‬k. as-sukkān density of population; O ‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺼﻮت‬k. aṣ-ṣaut sonority, sound intensity
‫ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ‬taktīf compression, concentration, solidification; condensation
‫ ﺗﻜﺎﺛﻒ‬takātuf concentration, consolidation; condensation
‫ ﻣﻜﺜـﻒ‬mukattif pl. -āt capacitor, condenser | ‫( ﻣﻜﺜـﻒ ﻣﺘﻐـﲑ‬mutagayyir)
variable capacitor (radio)
‫ ﻣﻜﺜﻒ‬mukattaf condensed
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﺛﻒ‬mutahātif massing, concentrating, gathering, piling up; dense
‫ ﻛﺜﻠﻚ‬II takatlaka to become (a) Catholic
‫ ﻛﺜﻮﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬katūlīkī pl. ‫ ﻛﺜﻠﻜﺔ‬katlaka Catholic; a Catholic
‫ اﻟﻜﺜﻠﻜﺔ‬al-katlaka Catholicism
‫ ﻛﺜـﲑاء‬katīrā’2 tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer Lab.; bot.); gum obtained
from tragacanth
‫ ﻛﺢ‬kaḥḥa u to cough
‫ ﻛﺤﺔ‬kuḥḥa cough
‫ ﻛﺤﺖ‬kaḥata a and II (eg.) to scrape off, scratch off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻛﺤﻜﺢ‬kaḥkaḥa to cough, cough slightly, hack
‫ ﻛﺤﻜﺤﺔ‬kaḥkaḥa short, dry cough
‫ ﻛﺤـﻞ‬kaḥala u a (kaḥl) and II to rub, paint or smear (with kohl) (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
eyes) V and VIII to color (the edges of) the eyelids with kohl | ‫ﻣـﺎ اﻛﺘﺤـﻞ‬
‫( )ﻏﻤﺎﺿﺎ )ﻏﻤﻀﺎ‬gamīḍan, gimāḍan, gumḍan) to find no sleep
‫ ﻛﺤـﻞ‬kuḥl pl. ‫ اﻛﺤـﺎل‬akḥāl antimony; kohl, a preparation of pulverized
antimony used for darkening (the edges of) the eyelids; any preparation for
coloring the eyelids
1325
‫ ﻛﺤﻞ‬kaḥal black coloring (of the edges) of the eyelids

‫ ﻛﺤﻞ‬kaḥil darkened with kohl, dyed black (eyelids)
‫ ﻛﺤﻠﻲ‬kuḥlī dark blue, navy blue
‫ ﻛﺤﻠـﺔ‬kuḥla (eg.) pointing, filling or grouting of the joints (of a wall;
masonry)
‫ اﻛﺤـﻞ‬akḥal2, f. ‫ ﻛﺤـﻼء‬kaḥlā’2, pl. ‫ ﻛﺤـﻞ‬kuḥl black (eye); ‫ اﻷﻛﺤـﻞ‬the
medial arm vein
‫ ﻛﺤﻼء‬kaḥlā’ (eg.) a variety of blueweed (Echium cericeum V.; bot.)
‫ ﻛﺤﻴـﻞ‬kaḥīl pl. ‫ ﻛﺤﺎﺋـﻞ‬kaḥā’il2 black, dyed black, darkened with kohl
(eyelid); horse of noblest breed
‫ ﻛﺤﻮل‬kuḥūl alcohol, spirit
‫ ﻛﺤﻮﱄ‬kuḥūlī alcoholic, spirituous
‫ ﻛﺤﻴﻠﻲ‬kuḥailī and ‫ ﻛﺤﻴﻼن‬kuḥailān horse of noblest bread
‫ ﻛﺤﺎل‬kiḥāl antimony powder, eye powder
‫ ﻛﺤﺎل‬kaḥḥāl eye doctor, oculist (old designation)
‫ ﻣﻜﺤـﻞ‬mikḥal and ‫ ﻣﻜﺤـﺎل‬mikḥāl kohl stick, pencil for darkening the
Confidential
eyelids
‫ ﻣﻜﺤﻠــﺔ‬mikḥala pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺣــﻞ‬makāḥil2 kohl container, kohl jar; solar
quadrant; (syr.) rifle, gun
‫ ﺗﻜﺤﻴﻞ‬takḥīl treatment of the eyes with kohl
‫ ﻛﺎﺣﻞ‬kāḥil pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﺣﻞ‬kawāḥil2 anklebone
‫ ﻛﺨﻴﺔ‬kikya and ‫ ﻛﺎﺧﻴﺔ‬kākiya pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاخ‬kawākin butler, steward
‫ ﻛـﺪ‬kadda u (kadd) to work hard, exert o.s., toil, labor, slave; to fatigue,
wear out, overwork, exhaust, weary, tire (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to chase away, drive
away (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII and X to urge, drive, rush (‫ ه‬s.o.); to wear out, overwork,
exhaust, weary, tire (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻛﺪ‬kadd trouble, pains, labor, toil, hard work
‫ ﻛﺪود‬kadūd industrious, hard-working, diligent
‫ ﻣﻜﺪود‬makdūd worn out, exhausted, overworked
‫ ﻛـﺪح‬kadaḥa a (kadḥ) to exert o.s., work hard, toil, labor, slave (‫ ﰲ‬in or
with s.th.) VIII to earn a living (‫ ﻟﻌﻴﺎﻟﻪ‬li-‘iyālihī for one’s family)
1326
‫ ﻛﺪح‬kadḥ exertion, toil, labor, drudgery

1‫ ﻛـﺪر‬kadura u and kadira a (kadar, ‫ﻛـﺪارة‬ kadāra, ‫ﻛـﺪور‬ kudūra, ‫ﻛـﺪور‬
kudūr, ‫ ﻛـﺪرة‬kudra) to be turbid, roily, muddy, roiled (liquid); -- kadira a
(kadar, ‫ ﻛـﺪرة‬kudra) to be muddy, cloudy, blackish, dingy, flat, swarthy,
grimy (color); (kadar, ‫ ﻛﺪورة‬kudūra) to be dreary, unhappy (life); to be angry
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with s.o.) II to render turbid, to roil, muddy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), trouble, disturb,
spoil, ruffle (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o., e.g., s.o.’s peace of mind); to grieve, worry,
trouble, vex, irritate, annoy, molest, disturb, distress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.) V to be turbid,
roily, muddy, roiled, troubled; to be angry, be sore (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬at s.th.), feel
offended, be annoyed, be displeased (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by s.th.), be peeved (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬at, about)
VII to become turbid, muddy, dull, flat; to swoop down (bird)
‫ ﻛــﺪر‬kadar turbidity, muddiness, cloudiness, opaqueness, roiledness;
worry, sorrow, grief, distress, vexation, irritation, annoyance
‫ ﻛـﺪرة‬kudra turbidity, muddiness, cloudiness, roiledness, impurity; dingy
Confidential
color, dinginess
‫ ﻛﺪرة‬kadara clod of dirt, filth
‫ ﻛـﺪر‬kadir and ‫ ﻛـﺪﻳﺮ‬kadīr turbid, muddy, roily, roiled; dull, flat, dingy,
grimy (color); worried, troubled, disturbed
‫ اﻛﺪر‬akdar2, f. ‫ ﻛﺪراء‬kadrā’2, pl. ‫ ﻛﺪر‬kudr dingy, swarthy, dark-colored
‫ ﺗﻜــﺪﻳﺮ‬takdīr roiling, troubling, ruffling; offending, offense, affront,
indignity
‫ ﻣﺘﻜﺪر‬mutakaddir angry, sore, peeved (‫ ﻣﻦ‬at), annoyed. Irritated, offended
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬by)
2 ‫ ﻛﺎدر‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛـﺪس‬kadasa i (kads) and II to pile up, heap up, accumulate, amass (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to cram together, press together, compress (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to be heaped up,
be piled up; to pile up, accumulate (intr.); to press together, get crammed up
‫ ﻛﺪس‬kuds pl. ‫ اﻛﺪاس‬akdās heap, pile; stack (of grain, hay, etc.)
‫ ﻛﺪاس‬kuddās pl. ‫ ﻛﺪادﻳﺲ‬kadādīs2 heap, pile; stack (of grain, hay, etc.)
‫ ﻛﺪاﺳﺔ‬kudāsa heap, pile, stack
‫ ﺗﻜﺪﻳﺲ‬takdīs accumulation; stacking
1327
‫ ﻛﺪش‬kadaša i (kadš) to gain, earn

‫ ﻛﺪﻳﺶ‬kadīš pl. ‫ ﻛﺪش‬kudš cart horse, nag, jade
‫ ﻛﺪم‬kadama a i (kadm) to bite (with the front teeth); to bruise, contuse
‫ ﻛﺪم‬kadma pl. kadamāt bite; wound caused by a bite; bruise, contusion
‫ ﻛﺪى‬kadā i (kady) to give little, skimp, stint II to beg IV = I
‫ ﻛﺪﻳﺔ‬kudya begging, mendicity
‫ ﻛﺬا‬ka-dā see ‫ ك‬ka
‫ ﻛـﺬب‬kadaba i (kidb, kadib, ‫ ﻛﺬﺑـﺔ‬kadba, kidba) to lie; to deceive, delude,
mislead; to tell (‫ ه‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) a lie, to lie (‫ ه‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.) II to accuse of
lying, call a liar (‫ ه‬s.o.), disbelieve s.o., give the lie to s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to disprove,
refute, disown, deny (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺬب ان ﻓﻌـﻞ‬he did not hesitate to do
so IV to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to lie; to call a liar, prove a liar (‫ ه‬s.o.), give the lie
(‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ ﻛـﺬب‬kidb, kadib and ‫ ﻛﺬﺑـﺔ‬kadba, kidba lie; deceit, falsehood, untruth |
Confidential
‫ ﻛﺬﺑﺔ اﺑﺮﻳﻞ‬April fool’s joke
‫ ﻛﺬوب‬kadūb liar
‫ ﻛﺬاب‬kaddāb liar, swindler; lying, untruthful; false, deceitful
‫ اﻛﺬوﺑﺔ‬ukdūba pl. ‫ اﻛﺎذﻳﺐ‬akādīb2 lie
‫ اﻛـﺬب‬akdab2 a greater liar, more mendacious, more untruthful, falser |
‫( اﻛﺬب ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺴـﻴﻠﻤﺔ‬musailimata) a greater liar than Musailima (proverbially of
a liar)
‫ ﺗﻜﺬﻳﺐ‬takdīb denial
‫ ﻛـﺎذب‬kādib liar; lying, untruthful; false, deceptive, fallacious, delusive,
specious, sham, make-believe | ‫( اﻣـﻞ ﻛـﺎذب‬amal) fallacious hope; ‫ﺑـﻼغ ﻛـﺎذب‬
(balāg) slander, defamation (jur.)
‫ ﻣﻜﺬوب‬makdūb false, untrue, fabricated, trumped up
‫ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬see ‫ ك‬ka
1‫ ﻛﺮة‬see 2‫ﻛﺮو‬
2‫ ﻛـﺮ‬karra u (karr, ‫ ﻛـﺮور‬kurūr, ‫ ﺗﻜـﺮار‬takrār) to turn around and attack (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

s.o., s.th.); to return, come back, recur; to withdraw, retreat, fall back; to
1328
attack (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.), bear down (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon); -- a (‫ ﻛﺮﻳﺮ‬karīr) to rattle in the throat

II to repeat, reiterate, do again, do repeatedly (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to pose over and over
again (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a question, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.), ask (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) repeatedly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a question); to
clarify, filter (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to rectify, purify (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to refine (‫ ﻫـ‬sugar, etc.) V to
be repeated, be reiterated, recur; to be rectified, be purified, be refined
‫ ﻛﺮ‬karr attack, charge | ‫( اﻟﻜﺮ واﻟﻔﺮ‬farr) attack and retreat (in battle); ‫ﺑﲔ ﻛﺮ‬
‫ وﻓـﺮ‬alternately, intermittently, by fits and starts, by jerks; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛـﺮ اﻟـﺪﻫﻮر‬and
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬k. az-zamn) in the course of time
‫ ﻛـﺮة‬karra attack; return, comeback, recurrence; -- (pl. -āt) one time (=
‫ ;)ﻣـﺮة‬a hundred thousand; karratan once; sometimes, at times; at a time | ‫ﻛـﺮة‬
‫ اﺧـﺮى‬karratan ukrā a second time, once more; ‫ ﻛـﺮة ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻛـﺮة‬repeatedly, time
and again
‫ ﻛﺮار‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﺮور‬kurūr return, comeback, recurrence; succession, sequence, order
Confidential
‫ ﻛﺮﻳﺮ‬karīr rattle in the throat
‫ ﻛﺮارﻳﺔ‬kurrārīya pl. -āt (eg.) spool, bobbin, reel
‫ ﻣﻜﺮ‬makarr pl. -āt reel
‫ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺮ‬takrīr repetition, reiteration; classification, rectification, purification,
refinement; refining | ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺮ‬ma‘mal t. as-sukkar sugar refinery
‫ ﺗﻜـﺮار‬takrār repetition, reiteration; ‫ ﺗﻜـﺮارا‬takrāran repeatedly, frequently,
quite often | ‫وﺗﻜﺮارا‬ ‫( ﻣﺮارا‬mirāran) repeatedly, time and again

‫ ﻣﻜـﺮر‬mukarrar repeated, reiterated; following twice (number), bis (after a
number); a multiple; rectified, purified, refined | ‫ﻣﻜـﺮر‬ ‫( ﺳـﻜﺮ‬sukkar) refined
sugar; ‫ﻣﻜﺮر‬ 37 ‫ ص‬page 37b
‫ ﻣﺘﻜــﺮر‬mutakarrir recurring, recurrent, reiterated, reiterative; repeated,
frequent
‫ ﻛﺮاج‬garāž pl. -āt garage (syr.)
‫ ﻛﺮار‬karār pl. -āt pantry, storeroom; cellar
‫ ﻛﺮاﻓﺘﺔ‬karāfatta neoktie, cravat
‫ ﻛﺮاﻛﻮﻓﻴﺎ‬karākōfiyā Cracow (city in S Poland)
1329
‫( ﻛﺮاﻣﻴﻞ‬Fr. caramel) karamēl caramel candy

1‫ ﻛـﺮب‬karaba u (karb) to oppress, distress, grieve, worry, trouble, fill with
concern (‫ ه‬s.o.); to overburden (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a beast of burden) IV to hurry, hasten,

rush VII and VIII to be worried, grieved, troubled, distressed, anxious,
apprehensive, feel concern, be afraid
‫ ﻛــﺮب‬karb pl. ‫ ﻛــﺮوب‬kurūb worry, sorrow, care, grief; apprehension,
concern, anxiety, fear; distress, trouble; pain, torment, torture, agony
‫ ﻛﺮﺑــﺔ‬kurba pl. ‫ ﻛــﺮب‬kurab worry, sorrow, care, grief; apprehension.
concern, anxiety, fear; distress, trouble; pain, torment, torture, agony
‫ ﻣﻜﺮوب‬makrūb sad, worried, grieved, sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive,
anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled, scared, confused; see alphabetically
‫ ﻣﻜـــﱰب‬muktarib sad, worried, grieved, sorrowful, distressed;
apprehensive, anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled, soared, confused
2‫ ﻛﺮب‬kreb crepe | ‫دﻳﺸﲔ‬‫ ﻛﺮب‬k. dīšīn and ‫ ﻛﺮب ﺷﲔ‬k. šīn crepe de Chine
3‫ ﻛﺮوب‬karūb and ‫ ﻛﺮوﰊ‬karūbī pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻛﺎروﺑﻴﻢ‬kārūbīm cherub, archangel
‫ ﻛﺮ ج‬kurbāj, kirbāj pl. ‫ ﻛﺮاﺑﻴﺞ‬karābīj2 whip, lash, riding whip, kurbash
Confidential
‫ ﻛﺮ س‬kirbās pl. ‫ ﻛﺮاﺑﻴﺲ‬karābīs2 a white cotton fabric
‫ ﻛـﺮ ل‬kirbāl pl. ‫ ﻛﺮاﺑﻴــﻞ‬karābīl2 teasing bow (for combing or carding
cotton); coarse sieve
‫ ﻛﺮﺑﻼء‬karbalā’2 Karbala (holy city of the Shiites in central Iraq)
‫( ﻛﺮﺑﻮن‬Fr. carbon) karbōn coal | ‫ ورق ﻛﺮﺑﻮن‬waraq k. carbon paper
1‫ ﻛﺮات‬kurāt (eg.) = ‫ﻛﺮاث‬
2‫ اﻛﺮت‬akrat2 curly, kinky (hair)
1‫ ﻛﺮﺗﻦ‬kartana to put under quarantine, to quarantine (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) II takartana

to be put under quarantine, be quarantined
2‫ ﻛﺮﺗﻮن‬kartūn pl. ‫ ﻛﺮاﺗﲔ‬karātin2 cardboard, pasteboard; carton
‫ ﻛـﺮث‬karata u i (kart) to oppress, depress, distress, worry, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.);

to concern, affect, move (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do. VIII to care (‫ ل‬for), heed, bear in
mind (‫ ل‬s.th.), pay attention (‫ ل‬to), take an interest (‫ ل‬in)
‫ ﻛﺮﻳﺚ‬karīt oppressed, depressed, distressed, anguished, worried, troubled,
vexed, annoyed
‫ ﻛﺮاث‬karrāt, kurrāt leek (Allium parrum L.; bot.)
1330
‫ اﻛـﱰاث‬iktirāt attention, notice, concern, interest | ‫ ﻗﻠـﺔ اﻻﻛـﱰاث‬qillat al-ikt.

indifference
‫ ﻛﺎرث‬kārit oppressive, grievous, painful
‫ ﻛﺎرﺛـﺔ‬kārita pl. ‫ ﻛـﻮارث‬kawārit2 disaster, catastrophe | ‫ ﻛﺎرﺛـﺔ اﻷﻣﻄـﺎر‬k. al-
amṯār natural catastrophe, torrential rains
‫ اﻟﻜﺮج‬al-kurj the Georgians
‫ ﻛﺮﺟﻲ‬kurjī Georgian (adj and n.)
‫ ﻛﺮح‬kirḥ pl. ‫ اﻛﺮاح‬akrāḥ monk’s cell
‫ ﻛﺮﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬karkāna pl. -āt, ‫ ﻛﺮاﺧﲔ‬karākīn workshop, factory; (eg.) brothel
‫ ﻛﺮﺧﺎﳒﻲ‬karkānjī artisan, craftsman
‫ اﻟﻜﺮد‬al-kurd the Kurds | ‫ ﺑﻼد اﻟﻜﺮد‬Kurdistan
‫ ﻛـﺮدي‬kurdī Kurdish; (pl. ‫ اﻛـﺮاد‬akrād) Kurd | ‫ ﺟﺒـﻞ اﻷﻛـﺮاد‬jabal al-a. the
Kurdish mountains, Kurdistan
‫ ﻛﺮدان‬kirdān pl. ‫ ﻛﺮادﻳﻦ‬karādīn2 necklace
‫ ﻛـﺮدس‬kardasa to heap up, pile up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to crowd together, cram
Confidential
together (‫ﻫ ـ‬, s.o., s.th.) II takardasa to be heaped up, be piled up; to flock
together, crowd together
‫( ﻛـﺮدون‬Fr. cordon) kordōn pl. -āt cordon; ribbon, braid, lace, trimming |
‫( ﻛﺮدون ﺻﺤﻲ‬ṣiḥḥī) sanitary cordon
1‫ ﻛﺮز‬karaza i (‫ ﻛﺮوز‬kurūz) to hide, seek refuge (‫ اﱃ‬with)
2‫ ﻛﺮز‬karaza (karz) to preach, spread (‫ ﻹﳒﻴﻞ‬bi-l-injīl the Gospel)
‫ ﻛـﺮز‬karz and ‫ ﻛـﺮازة‬karāza sermon, preaching of the Gospel | ‫اﻟﻜـﺮازة اﳌﺮﻗﺴـﻴﺔ‬

(marqusīya) the missionary province of St. Mark, the jurisdiction of the
Coptic Patriarchate
‫ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺰ‬takrīz pl. ‫ ﺗﻜﺎرﻳﺰ‬takārīz consecration, benediction (Chr.)
‫ ﻛﺎرز‬kāriz preacher
3‫ ﻛﺮز‬karaz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cherry
‫ ﻛﺮزى‬karazī cherry-red
1‫ ﻛﺮس‬II to lay the foundation (‫ ﻫـ‬of a building) V to stick together, cohere
‫ ﻛﺮﺳـﻲ‬kursī pl. ‫ ﻛﺮاﺳــﻲ‬karāsīy, ‫ ﻛـﺮاس‬karāsin chair; throne, see; seat;

professorial chair; base, pedestal, socle; bearing (techn.) | ‫ ﻛﺮﺳـﻲ ﺑﻴـﻞ‬k. bīl
1331
and ‫( ﻛﺮﺳـﻲ ﺑﻠـﻰ‬billī) hall bearing; ‫ ﻛﺮﺳـﻲ داﺋـﺮ‬revolving stool, swivel chair;
‫( اﻟﻜﺮﺳـﻲ اﻟﺮﺳـﻮﱄ‬rasūlī) the Apostolic See; ‫ ﻛﺮﺳـﻲ ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ‬chaise longue; deck
chair; ‫ ﻛﺮﺳـﻲ اﳌﻠـﻚ‬k. l-malik royal throne; ‫ ﻛﺮﺳـﻲ اﳌﻤﻠﻜـﺔ‬k. l-mamlaka capital,
metropolis; ‫ﻛﺮﺳــﻲ ﻫـﺰاز‬ (hazzāz) rocking chair; ‫اﺳــﺘﺎذ ﻛﺮﺳــﻲ‬ ustād k. full
professor
‫ ﻛﺮاﺳــﺔ‬kurrāsa pl. -āt, karārīs2 quire; booklet; notebook, copy book;
sketchbook; brochure; installment, fascicle (of a book)
2 ‫ ﻛـﺮس‬II to consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate, open ceremonially (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.;
Chr.); to hallow, sanctify (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., principles); to dedicate, devote (‫ ل ﻫـ‬s.th. to
s.o.)
‫ ﺗﻜـﺮﻳﺲ‬takrīs consecration, dedication, ceremonial inauguration (Chr.);
devoting, dedication
‫ ﻣﻜﺮس‬mukarras consecrated; dedicated | ‫ ﻣﺎء ﻣﻜﺮس‬holy water (Chr.)
‫ ﻛﺮﺳـﻮع‬kursū‘ pl. ‫ ﻛﺮاﺳـﻴﻊ‬karāsī‘2 carpal end of the ulna, carpal bone,
wristbone
‫ ﻛﺮﺳﻒ‬karsafa to hamstring, hook (‫ ﻫـ‬an animal)
Confidential
‫ ﻛﺮﺳﻨﺔ‬kirsinna, kirsanna variety of vetch (bot.)
‫ ﻛــﺮش‬kariša a (karaš) to be wrinkled, shriveled, crumpled, crinkled,
puckered; to shrivel, form wrinkles, be drawn into wrinkle II to wrinkls
one’s face, knit one’s brows, frown V = I
‫ ﻛـﺮش‬kirš, kariš f., pl. ‫ اﻛـﺮاش‬akrāš, ‫ ﻛـﺮوش‬kurūš stomach (primarily of
ruminants = craw); paunch; belly
‫ ﻛﺮﺷﺔ‬kirša (eg.) tripe, intestines
‫( ﻛﺮﻳﺸﺔ‬eg.) krēša a thin, crinkled fabric; crepe
‫ اﻛﺮش‬akraš2 and ‫ ﻣﻜﺮش‬mukriš potbellied, paunchy
‫ ﻛﺮﺷﻮﱐ‬karšūnī Karshuni, Arabic written in Syriac characters
‫ ﻛﺮﻳﻄﺔ‬look up alphabetically; ‫ ﻛﺮارﻃﻲ‬,‫ ﻛﺮارط‬ibid.
‫ ﻛـﺮع‬kara’a and kari’a a (kar’, ‫ ﻛـﺮوع‬kurū’) to sip V to wash one’s feet,
perform the partial ablution of the legs (in preparation for prayer); to belch,
burp, eruct
‫ ﻛﺮﻋﺔ‬kar’a (n. vic.) sipping, sip, swallow
‫ ﻛﺮاع‬kurā’ m. and f., pl. ‫ اﻛﺮع‬akru’, ‫ اﻛﺎرع‬akāri’2 foot, trotter (esp. of sheep
or oxen); leg; extremity | ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ اﻛﺎرع‬a. al-arḍ the remotest areas of the earth
1332
‫ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬takrī’a belching, eructation

‫ ﻛـﺎرع‬kāri’ pl. ‫ ﻛـﻮارع‬kawāri’ foot, trotter; ankle, anklebone; pl. (eg.) dish
prepared of sheep’s trotters
‫ ﻛﺮﻓﺲ‬karafs celery (Apium graveolens L.; bot.)
1‫ ﻛﺮك‬kurk (syr.) fur
2‫ ﻛﺮﻛﺔ‬karaka distilling apparatus, distilling flask, retort
3‫ ﻛﺮﻛـﻲ‬kurkī pl. ‫ ﻛﺮاﻛـﻲ‬karākīy crane (zool.); (‫( ﲰـﻚ( اﻟﻜﺮاﻛـﻲ‬samak) al-k.

pike (zool.)
4‫ ﻛﺮاﻛﺔ‬karrāka pl. -āt dredging machine, dredge; penitentiary
5‫ ﻛﺮﻳﻚ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﺮﻛـﺐ‬karkaba (eg.) to throw into disorder, upset, confuse, disturb (III
s.th.); to make a noise
‫ ﻛﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬karkaba disorder, confusion, muddle, jumble
‫ ﻛﺮﻛــﺪن‬karkaddan, karkadann rhinoceros | ‫( ﻛﺮﻛــﺪن ﲝــﺮي‬baḥrī) narwhal
(zool.)
‫ ﻛﺮﻛــﺮ‬karkara to repeat, reiterate, do repeatedly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rumble
Confidential
(stomach); to tickle | ‫اﻟﻀـﺤﻚ‬
with laughter
‫( ﻛﺮﻛـﺮ ﰲ‬ḍaḥk) to burst into loud laughter, roar
‫ ﻛﺮﻛﺮة‬karkara loud laughter; rumbling (of the stomach)

‫ ﻛـﺮﻛﻢ‬kurkum (bot.) turmeric (Curcuma longa L.; plant and rootstock);
curoumin
‫ ﻛﺮﻛﻨﺪ‬karkand spinel ruby (gem); (eg.) lobster (zool.)
‫ ﻛﺮﻛﻮز‬karakūz shadow play
‫ ﻛﺮﻛﻮن‬karakōn (eg.) police station
1‫ ﻛـﺮم‬karuma u (karam, ‫ﻛﺮﻣـﺔ‬ karama, ‫ﻛﺮاﻣـﺔ‬ karāma) to be noble, high-
minded, noble-hearted, magnanimous, generous, liberal, munificent; to be
precious II to call noble and high-minded (‫ ه‬s.o.); to honor, revere,
venerate, treat with deference (‫ ه‬s.o.); to exalt (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. above another),
bestow honor (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o. before others) | ‫( ﻛـﺮم ﷲ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬wajhahū) may
God honor him I III to vie in generosity (‫ ه‬s.o.); to meet reverentially, with
deference, politely (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to call noble and high-minded (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
honor (‫ ه‬s.o.): to treat reverentially, with deference, politely, hospitably (‫ه‬
1333
s.o.), bestow honors (‫ ه‬upon s.o.); to prove o.s. to he high-minded and

generous; to honor, present (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with), confer (‫ ب ه‬upon s.o. s.th.) V
to feign generosity; to show one’s generous side; to be noble; to be friendly,
kind, kindly; to be so kind, have the kindness (‫ ب‬to do s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with regard
to or in behalf of s.o.); to present (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. with), graciously bestow ( ‫ب‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.o. s.th.)
‫ ﻛــﺮم‬karm (coll.) pl. ‫ ﻛــﺮوم‬kurūm vine, grapes, grapevines; vineyard;
garden, orchard | ‫اﻟﻜﺮم‬ ‫ ﺑﻨﺖ‬bint al-k. wine
‫ ﻛﺮﻣﺔ‬karma grapevine, vine
‫ ﻛــﺮم‬karam noble nature; high-mindedness, noble-mindedness, noble-
heartedness, generosity, magnanimity; kindness, friendliness, amicability;
liberality, munificence; ‫ﻛﺮﻣــﺎ‬ karaman moat kindly, obligingly, out of
kindness | ‫ﻛـﺮم اﻷﺧـﻼق‬ noble-mindedness, noble character; ‫ﻛـﺮم اﳊﺘـﺪ‬ k. al-

maḥtid noble descent
‫ ﻛﺮﻣـﺔ ﻟـﻚ‬kurmatan laka and ‫ ﻛﺮﻣـﺎ ﻟـﻚ‬kurmānan laka for your sake, as a
Confidential
favor to you, in your honor
‫ ﻛﺮاﻣـﺔ‬karāma nobility; high-mindedness, noble-heartedness; generosity,
magnanimity; liberality, munificence; honor, dignity; respect, esteem,
standing, prestige; mark of honor, token of esteem, favor; (pl. -āt) miracle
(worked by a saint) | ‫ﻟـﻚ‬
‫( ﺣﺒـﺎ وﻛﺮاﻣـﺔ‬ḥubban wa-karāmatan) for your sake and
in your honor; most gladly, with the greatest pleasure; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ ﻛﺮاﻣـﺎت‬worker
of miracles
‫ ﻛـﺮﱘ‬karīm pl. ‫ ﻛﺮﻣـﺎء‬kuramā’2, kirām noble; distinguished, high-ranking,
eminent; high-minded, noble-minded, noble-hearted; generous, liberal,
munificent, hospitable, beneficent; benefactor; kind, kindly, friendly,
amicable, obliging, gracious; respectable, honorable, decent; precious,
valuable, costly; thoroughbred; see also alphabetically; ‫ اﻟﻜﺮﳝﺎن‬the two noble
things, namely Holy War and the pilgrimage to Mecca | ‫ ﻛـﺮﱘ اﻷﺧـﻼق‬high-
minded, noble-minded, noble-hearted, noble; ‫ ﻛـﺮﱘ اﻷﺻـﻞ‬k. al-aṣl of noble
descent, highborn, highbred; ‫( ﺣﺠﺮ ﻛﺮﱘ‬ḥajar) precious stone, gem; ‫ﺣﺼﺎن ﻛﺮﱘ‬
thoroughbred horse; ‫( دﺧـﻞ ﻛـﺮﱘ‬dakl) a decent income; ‫اﻟﻜـﺮﱘ‬ ‫ اﻟﻘـﺎرئ‬the gentle
reader; ‫اﻟﻜﺮﳝﺔ‬ ‫ اﳌﻌﺎدن‬the precious metals; ‫ ﻣﺮﻣﺮ اﻟﻜﺮام‬see 1‫ ﻣﺮ‬marra
1334
‫ ﻛﺮﳝـﺔ‬karīma pl. ‫ ﻛـﺮاﺋﻢ‬karā’im2 precious thing, object of value, valuable;

vital part (of the body; esp. eye); daughter; see also alphabetically; ‫اﻟﻜﺮﳝﺘـﺎن‬
the two eyes | ‫)اﻷﻣﻮال‬ ‫ )ﻛﺮاﺋﻢ اﳌﺎل‬the most prized possession(s)
‫ ﻛﺮام‬karrām pl. -ūn winegrower, vinedresser
‫ اﻛـﺮم‬akram2 pl. ‫ اﻛـﺎرم‬akārim2 nobler more distinguished; more precious,
more valuable; moat honorable; very high-minded, very noble-hearted, most
generous
‫ ﻣﻜـﺮم‬makram and ‫ ﻣﻜـﺮم‬makrama pl. ‫ ﻣﻜـﺎرم‬makārim2 noble trait, excellent
quality | ‫اﻷﺧﻼق‬‫ ﻣﻜﺎرم‬noble characteristics, noble traits of character
‫ ﻣﻜﺮﻣﺔ‬makruma pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﺎرم‬makārim2 noble deed
‫ ﺗﻜﺮﱘ‬takrīm and ‫ ﺗﻜﺮﻣﺔ‬takrima honoring, tribute, honor (bestowed on s.o.) |
‫( ﺗﻜﺮﳝﺎ ﻟﻪ‬takrīman) in his honor
‫ اﻛ ـﺮام‬ikrām honor, respect, deference, tribute; hospitable reception,
hospitality; kindness; honorarium | ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫( اﻛﺮاﻣﺎ‬ikrāman) in his honor
Confidential
‫ اﻛﺮاﻣﻴﺔ‬ikrāmīya pl. -āt honorarium; bonus
‫ ﻣﻜـﺮم‬mukarram honored, revered, venerated; venerable; ‫ اﳌﻜﺮﻣﻴـﺔ‬epithet of
Mecca
2‫ ﻛﺮﱘ‬and ‫ ﻛﺮﳝﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛـﺮﻣﺶ‬karmaša (eg.) to pucker, be drawn into folds; to crinkle, become

wrinkled, shrivel II takarmaša do.
‫ ﻛﺮﻣﺶ‬karmaša fold, crease, wrinkle, crinkle, pucker; knitting
2 ‫اﻟﻜﺮﻣﻞ‬ :‫ ﻛﺮﻣﻞ‬al-karmal Mount Carmel (promontory in N Palestine)
‫ ﻛﺮﻣﻠﻲ‬karmalī Carmelite
2‫ ﻛﺮﻣﻼ‬karamillā caramel (candy)
‫ ﻛﺮاﻣﻴﻞ‬look up alphabetically
‫ اﻟﻜﺮﻣﻠﲔ‬al-kremlīn the Kremlin
‫ ﻛﺮﻧﺐ‬kurunb (coll.) cabbage
‫ ﻛﺮﻧﺒﺔ‬kurunba (n. un.) head of cabbage
‫ ﻛﺮﻧﺘﻴﻨﺔ‬kurantīna pl. -āt quarantine
‫ ﻛﺮﻧﻴﺶ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﺮ ف‬kurnāf pl. ‫ ﻛﺮاﻧﻴﻒ‬karānīf2 palm stump
1335
‫ ﻛﺮ ﻓﺔ‬kunāfa pl. -āt gunstock, rifle butt

1‫( ﻛﺮﻧﻚ‬Engl.) krank pl. -āt crank, crank shaft
2‫ ﻛﺮﻧـﻚ‬karnak a brand of Egyptian cotton (named after ‫اﻟﻜـﺮﻧﻦ‬, a village

near Luxor)
‫ ﻛﺮﻧﻴﺶ‬and ‫( ﻛـﻮرﻧﻴﺶ‬Fr. corniche) kornīš pl. ‫ ﻛـﺮاﻧﻴﺶ‬karānīš2 cornice, ledge,
molding, shelf; coast road, road skirting the shoreline
‫ ﻛـﺮﻩ‬kariha a (karh, kurh, ‫ ﻛﺮاﻫـﺔ‬karāha, ‫ ﻛﺮاﻫﻴـﺔ‬karāhiya) to feel disgust (‫ﻫ ـ‬
at), be disgusted (‫ ﻫ ـ‬by); to detest, loathe, abhor, hate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to dislike (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); karuha u (‫ ﻛﺮاﻫـﺔ‬karāha) to be repugnant, offensive, hateful, odious,
detestable II to make s.o. (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ )ه‬hate s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬, arouse aversion (‫ ﻫـ اﱃ‬or ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ه‬in s.o. to s.th.) IV to force, compel, coerce (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. to) V to have an
aversion (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), feel disgust (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), loathe, detest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to have an
aversion (‫ ﻫـ‬to), feel disgust (‫ ﻫـ‬for), loathe, detest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to force, compel,
coerce (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. to)
Confidential
and
‫ ﻛــﺮﻩ‬karh, kurh hatred, hate; aversion, antipathy, dislike, distaste;
detestation, abhorrence, disgust, repugnance, loathing;
‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻛـﺮﻩ‬ ‘ala kurhin, ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛـﺮﻩ ﻣﻨــﻪ‬
forcedly; under compulsion, under duress
‫ ﻛﺮﻫـﺎ‬karhan, kurhan
unwillingly, reluctantly, grudgingly,
‫ ﻛﺮﻩ‬karih loathsome, repugnant, offensive

‫ ﻛﺮﻳـﻪ‬karīh unpleasant, disagreeable, offensive, bad, repugnant, repulsive,
loathsome, hateful, detestable, abominable, ugly
‫ ﻛﺮاﻫــﺔ‬karāha hatred, hate; aversion, antipathy, dislike, distaste;
abhorrence, detestation, disgust, repugnance, loathing
‫ ﻛﺮاﻫﻴـﺔ‬karāhiya aversion, antipathy, dislike, distaste, disgust, repugnance,
loathing; incompatibility (as a reason of divorce); baseness,
abominableness, reprehensibility (Isl. Law) | ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻛﺮاﻫﻴــﺔ‬ unwillingly,
grudgingly, forcedly
‫ ﻛﺮﻳﻬﺔ‬karīha pl. ‫ ﻛﺮاﺋﻪ‬karā’ih2 adversity; misfortune, calamity
‫ ﻣﻜﺮﻩ‬makrah loathsome thing, unpleasant situation
‫ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﺔ‬makraha, makruha hatred, hate, detestation, abhorrence
‫ ﻣﻜﺎرﻩ‬makārih2 loathsome things; adversities, calamities
1336
‫ اﻛـﺮاﻩ‬ikrāh compulsion, coercion, constraint, force; use of force | ‫ﻹﻛـﺮاﻩ‬

by force
‫ اﻛﺮاﻫﻲ‬ikrāhī compulsory, coercive, forced, enforced
‫ ﺗﻜـﺮﻩ‬takarruh aversion, antipathy, dislike, distaste, disgust, repugnance,
loathing
‫ ﻛﺎرﻩ‬kārih reluctant, grudging, unwilling, averse
‫ ﻣﻜــﺮوﻩ‬makrūh detested, abhorred, hated, hateful, odious, loathsome,
disgusting, distasteful, disagreeable, unpleasant; reprehensible (Isl. Law);
‫ ﻣﻜـﺮوﻩ‬and ‫ ﻣﻜﺮوﻫـﺔ‬makrūha inconvenience, discomfort, nuisance, adversity;
accident, mishap, misadventure
‫ ﻣﻜﺮﻩ‬mukrah forced, compelled
‫ ﻣﺘﻜﺮﻩ‬mutakarrih unwilling, reluctant
2‫ )ﻛﺮو‬and ‫ﻛﺮا‬ (‫ ﻛﺮي‬karā u (karw) and ‫ ﻛﺮى‬karā i (kary) to dig (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻛﺮو‬karw digging, excavation
2‫ ﻛﺮة‬kura pl. -āt, ‫ ﻛﺮى‬kuran globe, sphere; ball | ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ ﻛﺮة‬k. al-a. and ‫ﻛﺮة‬
‫( ارﺿـﻴﺔ‬arḍīya) terrestrial globe, globe; ‫ ﻛـﺮة اﻟـﺜﻠﺞ‬k. at-talji snowball; ‫ﻛـﺮة اﻟﺴـﻠﺔ‬
Confidential
k. as-salla basketball; ‫ ﻛـﺮة اﻟﻄﺎوﻟـﺔ‬k. al-ṭāwula table tennis; ‫ ﻛـﺮة اﻟﻘـﺪم‬k. al-
qadam football, soccer; ‫ ﻛﺮة اﻟﻜﻮاﻛﺐ‬celestial sphere; ‫ ﻛﺮات ﳊﻢ‬k. laḥm small
meatballs; ‫ ﻛـﺮة اﳌـﺎء‬water polo; ‫ ﻛـﺮة اﻟﻴـﺪ‬k. al-yad (European) handball; ‫ﻧﺼـﻒ‬
‫ اﻟﻜﺮة‬niṣf al-k. hemisphere

‫ ﻛﺮﻳـﺔ‬kurayya globule; pellet | ‫( )اﻟﻜـﺮ ت اﳊﻤـﺮاء )اﳊﻤـﺮ‬ḥamrā’, ḥumr) the red
corpuscles, erythrocytes
‫ ﻛـﺮي‬kuriy and ‫ ﻛـﺮوي‬kurawī globular, globate, globose, ball-shaped, ball-
like, spherical
‫ ﻛﺮوﻳـﺔ‬kurawīya globosity, sphericity, roundness | ‫ ﻛﺮوﻳـﺔ اﻷرض‬k. al-arḍ the
sphericity of the earth
‫ ﻛﺮواﺗﻴﺎ‬kuruwātiyā Croatia
‫ ﻛـﺮوان‬karawān and ‫ ﻛـﲑوان‬a variety of plover (Charadrius cedicnemus L.;
zool.)
‫ ﻛﺮوب‬karūb and ‫ ﻛﺮوﰊ‬karūbī pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻛﺮوﺑﻴﻢ‬karūbīm cherub, archangel
‫( ﻛﺮوﺳﺔ‬It. carozza) karōsa pl. -āt state carriage, coach
‫( ﻛﺮوﻛﻲ‬Fr. croquis) krōkī pl. ‫ ﻛﺮوﻛﻴﺎت‬krōkīyāt sketch, draft, croquis
1337
‫ ﻛﺮوم‬krōm chrome, chromium

‫ ﻛﺮو‬karawyā caraway (Carum carvi L.; bot.)
1‫ ﻛـﺮي‬kariya a (karan) to sleep, be asleep, slumber; -- karā i (kary) to dig
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a canal) III and IV to rent, lease, let, let out, farm out, hire out (‫ه‬ ‫ﻫـ‬
to s.o. s.th.) V to sleep, be asleep, slumber VIII and X to rent, hire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to lease, take on lease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take a lease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to hire, employ,
engage (‫ ه‬s.o.), engage the labor or services (‫ ه‬of s.o.)
‫ ﻛﺮى‬karan sleep, slumber
‫ ﻛﺮاء‬kirā’ rent, hire, hiring; lease; rental, hire; wages, pay
‫ اﻛﺮاء‬ikrā’ renting, rent; leasing, letting on lease, farming out
‫ اﻛﱰاء‬iktirā’ renting, rent; leasing, taking on lease; hiring
‫ ﻣﻜـﺎر‬mukārin pl. -ūn hirer (esp. one of horses, donkeys, mules, etc.);
donkey driver, muleteer
‫ ﻣﻜﺮ‬mukrin hirer, lessor; landlord
‫ ﻣﻜﺮى‬mukran rented, let, hired out, let on lease
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻜـﱰ‬muktarin and ‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻜﺮ‬mustakrin renter, tenant, lessee | ‫( ﻣﻜـﱰ ن‬tānin)
subtenant, sublessee
2 ‫ﻛﺮﻳﺔ‬ ,‫ ﻛﺮى‬see 1 ‫ﻛﺮو‬
3 ‫ﻛﺮى‬karrī curry
‫ ﻛﺮﻳﺖ‬kirīt, ‫ ﻛﺮﻳﺪ‬kirīd Crete
‫( ﻛﺮﻳﻄﺔ‬Span. carreta) karrīṭa pl. ‫ ﻛﺮارﻳﻂ‬karārīṭ2 (tun.) cart, wagon, dray
‫ ﻛﺮارﻃﻲ‬karariṭī carrier, carter, drayman
‫( ﻛﺮﻳﻚ‬Turk. körek) kurīk pl. -āt shovel
‫( ﻛﺮي‬Fr. crème) krēm cream | ‫ ﻛﺮﱘ اﳊﻼﻗﺔ‬k. al-ḥilāqa shaving cream
‫( ﻛﺮﳝـﺔ‬It. crema; eg.) kréma cream; a kind of thick sauce (served as a
condiment)
‫ ﻛﺰ‬kazza (1st pers. perf. kazuztu) u (‫ ﻛﺰازة‬kazāza, ‫ ﻛﺰوزة‬kuzūza) to become
dry and tough, dry up, shrivel; to be withered, shriveled, shrunk; to contract,
shrink; (eg.) to have an aversion (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to), feel disgust (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬at), have a distaste
(‫ ﻣـﻦ‬for); -- (kazz) to contract, shrink, narrow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); pass. kuzza to have

tetanus | ‫اﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ (eg.) to gnash one’s teeth
1338
‫ ﻛﺰ‬kazz pl. ‫ ﻛﺰ‬kuzz dry, dried up, withered, desiccated; shriveled, shrunk;
tough, inflexible, unyielding, rigid, stiff | ‫ﻛـﺰ اﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬k. al-yadain closefisted,
miserly, niggardly
‫ ﻛﺰز‬kazaz miserliness, niggardliness
‫ ﻛﺰاز‬kuzāz, kuzzāz tetanus
‫ ﻛ ـﺰازة‬kazāza dryness; boringness, dullness, tediousness; stinginess,
niggardliness; stiffness, rigidity
‫ ﻛﺰﺑـﺮة‬kuzbara, kuzbura coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.; bot.) | ‫ﻛﺰﺑـﺮة‬
‫ اﻟﺜﻌﻠـﺐ‬k. at-ta‘lab pimpernel; ‫( ﻛﺰﺑـﺮة ﺧﻀـﺮاء‬kaḍrā’) chervil; ‫ ﻛﺰﺑـﺮة اﻟﺼـﺨﺮ‬k. aṣ-
ṣakr hair-cap moss (Polytrichum communis L.; bot.)
‫( ﻛﺰورﻧﺔ‬eg.) kazarāna (from It. casseruola) casserole, cooking vessel
‫ ﻛﺴـﺐ‬kasaba i (kasb) to gain, win, acquire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to earn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
profit, win, gain; to gather, acquire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬knowledge); to obtain, get, attain (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) | ‫( ﻛﺴـﺐ ﻫﺘﺎﻓـﺎ ل‬hutafan) win acclaim for, he applauded for; ‫ﻣـﺎ ﻛﺴـﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻳـﺪاﻩ‬ (yadāhu) what he has earned in the hereafter by his (good and evil)
Confidential
deeds II to make or let s.o. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬gain, win or obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to let s.o. (‫)ه‬
share the profit IV to make or let s.o. (‫ )ه‬gain, win or obtain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), secure
(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬for s.o. s.th.); to impart (‫ ﻫـ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o. or to s.th. s.th., also e.g., to the
face a certain expression) | ‫( اﻛﺴـﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﻋـﺔ ﺿـﺪ‬manā‘atan ḍidda) to make
immune to ... V to earn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to acquire, obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to gain, win (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) VIII do.; to possess have, own (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a new quality, a
color, a different aspect, and the like)
‫ ﻛﺴـﺐ‬kasb acquisition; earnings; gain, profit; winnings; s.th. acquired or
gained, acquirement; acquired knowledge, learning
‫ ﻛﺴﺐ‬kusb and ‫ ﻛﺴﺐ‬kusba oil cake
‫ ﻣﻜﺴـﺐ‬maksab, maksib and ‫ ﻣﻜﺴـﺒﺔ‬maksiba pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺳـﺐ‬makāsib2 gain,
profit
‫ ﺗﻜﺴﺐ‬takassub earning, gaining; acquisition; earnings; gain, profit
‫ اﻛﺘﺴـﺎب‬iktisāb acquisition; gaining, winning | ‫( اﻛﺘﺴـﺎب ﲟـﺮور اﻟﺰﻣـﺎن‬bi-murūr
z-zamān) prescription, usucapion, acquisition of property or rights by
uninterrupted possession of them for a certain period (jur.)
‫ ﻛﺎﺳﺐ‬kāsib winner; earner, provider
1339
‫ ﻣﻜﺴﺐ‬muksib profitable, lucrative

‫ ﻛﺴﱪة‬kasbara coriander (bot.; = ‫ ﻛﺰﺑﺮة‬, q.v.)
‫ ﻛﺴﺘﺎك‬kustāk see ‫ﻛﺴﺘﻚ‬
‫ ﻛﺴﺘﺒﺎن‬kustubān pl. ‫ ﻛﺴﺎﺗﺒﲔ‬kasātibīn2 thimble
‫( ﻛﺴﻜﺖ‬Turk. köstek) kustak and ‫ ﻛﺴﺘﻴﻚ‬pl. ‫ ﻛﺴﺎﺗﻚ‬kasātik watch chain
‫( ﻛﺴﺘﻠﻴﺔ‬It. sastoletta) kustulēta, kustalēta cutlet, chop
‫ ﻛﺴﺘﻨﺔ‬kastana chestnut (bot.)
‫ ﻛﺴﺘﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬kastanā’ī maroon, chestnut-colored
‫ ﻛﺴـﺢ‬kasaḥa a (kasḥ) to sweep; to clean, clean out, empty; -- kasiḥa a
(kaṣaḥ) to be crippled; to become a cripple II (eg.) to cripple (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
bend, twist, warp (o s.th.) VIII to sweep away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wash away, flush
out, remove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to overrun (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to flood, overflow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),

spread, fan out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th.); to plunder, pillage, sack (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a captured town);
to snatch up, seize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), take hold (‫ ﻫـ‬of)
Confidential
‫ ﻛﺴـﺢ‬kasḥ sweeping; cleaning; clearing; emptying (e.g., of a latrine);
lameness, paralysis, palsy
‫ ﻛﺴﺎح‬kusāḥ rachitis, rickets
‫ ﻛﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬kusāḥa sweepings; refuse, garbage, rubbish, trash
‫ ﻛﺴﻴﺢ‬kasīḥ lame, palsied, paralyzed; crippled
‫ اﻛﺴﺢ‬aksaḥ lame, palsied, paralyzed; crippled
‫ ﻣﻜﺴﺤﺔ‬miksaḥa broom
‫ اﻛﺘﺴـﺎح‬iktisāḥ a sweeping away, sweep; removal, elimination; flooding,
overflowing, submersion, inundation; rape, seizure, usurpation
‫ ﻛﺎﺳﺤﺔ‬kāsiḥa: ‫ ﻛﺎﺳﺤﺔ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم‬k. al-algām mine sweeper
‫ ﻣﻜﺴﺢ‬mukassaḥ crippled; cripple; lame person, paralytic
‫ ﻛﺴـﺪ‬kasada and kasuda u (‫ ﻛﺴـﺎد‬kasād, ‫ ﻛﺴـﻮد‬kasūd) to find no market,
not to move, sell badly (merchandise); to be stagnant, dull, listless (business,
market) IV to be dull, listless (market)
‫ ﻛﺴـﺎد‬kasād unsalableness of merchandise; economic depression, dullness
of the market, stagnation of commerce, recession; slump
O ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺳﺪة‬mukāsada dumping
1340
‫ ﻛﺎﺳـﺪ‬kāsid and ‫ ﻛﺴـﻴﺪ‬kasīd selling badly, little in demand (merchandise);

stagnant, dull, listless (market)
1‫ ﻛﺴـﺮ‬kasara i (kasr) to break, shatter, fracture (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to break open,
force open, pry open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a door, and the like); to break (also fig.: power,
resistance); to violate, infringe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a legal duty); to destroy, annihilate, rout
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to defeat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an army); to fold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to provide with the vowel,
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a consonant; gram.) | ‫ ﻛﺴـﺮ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬to disappoint, disoblige, offend, afront
s.o.; ‫ ﻛﺴـﺮت‬kusirat ir-rīḥu the wind has calmed down; ‫( ﻛﺴـﺮ اﻟﺼـﻤﺖ‬ṣamt) to
break the silence; ‫ﻛﺴـﺮ اﻟﻌﻄـﺶ‬ (‘aṭaš) to quench the thirst; ‫ﻛﺴـﺮﻩ ﻋـﻦ ﻣـﺮادﻩ‬
(murādihī) to dissuade or hinder s.o. from carrying out his intention; ‫ﻛﺴـﺮ‬
‫‘( ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ‬ainahū) (eg.) to shame s.o., put s.o. to shame; ‫( ﻛﺴـﺮ ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬qalbahū) to
break s.o.’s heart; to discourage s.o.; ‫( ﻛﺴـﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﺪﺗـﻪ‬ḥiddatihi) to blunt the
edge of s.th., tone down s.th., curb, temper s.th. or s.o. II to break into
pieces, fragmentize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to shatter, smash (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be broken to
Confidential
pieces, be shattered, be fragmentized; to break, be refracted, be diffracted
(also light, rays, phys.); to be refined, civilized VII to get broken; to be
defeated, be routed, be broken (force, violence); to break; to be refracted, be
diffracted; to abate, subside (e.g., heat), be quenched (thirst) |
(sāquhū) he broke his leg
‫اﻧﻜﺴـﺮت ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‬
‫ ﻛﺴـﺮ‬kasr breaking, fracturing; shattering, fragmentation; -- (pl. ‫ﻛﺴـﻮر‬

kusūr) break, breach, fracture; crack, rupture; fracture of a bone; (pl. ‫ﻛﺴـﺮ‬
kusūr, ‫ )ﻛﺴـﻮرات‬fraction (arith.) | ‫‘( )ﻛﺴـﺮ ﻋﺸـﺮي )اﻋﺸـﺎري‬ušrī, a‘šārī) decimal
fraction; ‫ وﻛﺴﻮر‬wa-kusūr (after figures) ... and some, a little over ..., e.g., ‫ﺟﻨﻴﻪ‬
‫ وﻛﺴﻮر‬one pound and some, a little over a pound
‫ ﻛﺴـﺮ‬kasr, kisr: ‫ ﻛﺴـﺮ اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ‬k. al-bait nook of the house; ‫ ﺟـﺜﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺴـﺮ ﺑﻴﺘـﻪ‬to
live in seclusion, stay in one’s four walls
‫ ﻛﺴﺮة‬kasra defeat, breakdown, collapse; the vowel point for i; nook of the
house
‫ ﻛﺴـﺮة‬kisra pl. ‫ ﻛﺴـﺮ‬kisar, -āt fragment; a small piece; chunk (of bread);
slice (of bread)
‫ ﻛﺴـﲑ‬kasīr pl. ‫ ﻛﺴـﺮى‬kasrā, ‫ ﻛﺴـﺎرى‬kasārā broken, fractured, shattered;
defeated; see also ‫ ﻛﺴﺮى‬alphabetically
1341
O ‫ ﻛﺴﺎرة‬kassāra nutcracker
‫ ﻛﺴﲑة‬kusaira diopter (phys.)
‫ ﻛﺴـﺮ‬maksir: ‫ ﺻـﻠﺐ اﳌﻜﺴـﺮ‬ṣulb al-m. hard to break, robust, sturdy, hardy,
firm, strong; ‫اﳌﻜﺴـﺮ‬ ‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ‬ṭayyib al-m. standing the test, proving its value, of
excellent quality; ‫ ﻟﲔ اﳌﻜﺎﺳﺮ‬layyin al-makāsir soft, gentle
‫ ﺗﻜﺴـﲑ‬taksīr breaking, fracturing; shattering, fragmentation | ‫ﲨـﻊ اﻟﺘﻜﺴـﲑ‬
jam‘ at-t. broken plural (gram.)
‫ ﺗﻜﺎﺳـﺮ‬takassur a being broken, breaking; refraction, diffraction (opt.) |
‫ ﺗﻜﺴﺮ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬t. al-aši‘‘a refraction of rays
‫ اﻧﻜﺴـﺎر‬inkisār (state or process of) being broken, brokenness, breaking;
fracture; breach, rupture; fragility; defeat, rout; brokenness in spirit, broken-
heartedness, dejection; contrition; refraction, diffraction (phys.) | ‫اﻧﻜﺴـﺎر‬
‫ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬ink. al-qalb dejectedness, despondency, contrition
‫ ﻛﺎﺳـﺮ‬kāsir breaking, shattering, etc.; (pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﺳــﺮ‬kawāsir2) rapacious,
Confidential
ferocious, savage (predatory animal) | ‫ ﻛﺎﺳــﺮ اﳊﺠـﺮ‬k. al-ḥajar saxifrage,
stonebreak (bot.);‫( ﻃـﲑ ﻛﺎﺳـﺮ‬ṭair) bird of prey; ‫ ﻛﻮاﺳـﺮ اﻟﻄـﲑ‬k. aṭ-ṭair predatory
birds
‫ ﻣﻜﺴــﻮر‬maksūr broken, fractured; shattered, fragmented; defeated;
unsuccessful, thwarted, frustrated; bankrupt; having a kasra (consonant;
gram.)
‫ ﻣﻜﺴــﺮ‬mukassar fragmented, shattered, smashed; broken (also, e.g.,
language); ‫ﻣﻜﺴـﺮات‬ almonds and nuts | ‫ﲨــﻊ ﻣﻜﺴــﺮ‬ (jam‘) broken plural
(gram.)
2‫ اﻛﺴﲑ‬iksīr elixir
‫ ﻛﺴﺮوﻧﺔ‬kasarōna (eg.) see ‫ﻛﺰروﻧﺔ‬

‫ ﻛﺴـﺮى‬kisrā pl. ‫ اﻛﺎﺳـﺮة‬akāsira, ‫ اﻛﺎﺳـﺮ‬akāsir2 Khosrau; designation of the
Persian kings in general
‫ ﻛﺴـﻊ‬kasa‘a a to chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.); to strike, shove, push, kick (‫ ه‬s.o.
from behind) VIII to put its tail (‫ )ب‬between its legs
‫ ﻛﺴـﻒ‬kasafa i (‫ ﻛﺴـﻮف‬kusūf) to be or become dark, gloomy; to be
eclipsed, pass through an eclipse (sun); -- to reprimand, reprove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
1342
abash, shame, put to shame (‫ ه‬s.o.) VII to be eclipsed; to be shamed, be

ashamed; to blush
‫ ﻛﺴﻒ‬kasf darkening, occultation, eclipse; dark, darkness, gloominess
1 ‫ﻛﺴﻮف‬cuaUf occultation, eclipse, solar eclipse
‫ اﻧﻜﺴﺎف‬inkisāf occultation, eclipse, solar eclipse
‫ ﻛﺎﺳﻒ‬kāsif dejected, downcast, sad, worried, grieved; gloomy
‫ ﻛﺴـﻜﺲ‬kaskasa to pound, bray, grind, powder, pulverize; (eg.) to retreat,
fall back, withdraw
‫ ﻛﺴﻜﺴـﻮ‬kuskusū and ‫ ﻛﺴﻜﺴـﻲ‬kuskusī couscous, dish prepared of groats
and salt water (staple food in northwest Africa)
‫ ﻛﺴﻜﺎس‬kuskās, kaskās sieve for preparing couscous
‫ ﻛﺴﻞ‬kasila a (kasal) to be lazy, idle, sluggish, indolent, negligent; to idle,
loaf II to make lazy or negligent (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI = I
‫ ﻛﺴـﻞ‬kasal laziness, sluggishness, idleness, inactivity, loafing, indolence,
negligence
‫ ﻛﺴﻞ‬kasil and ‫ ﻛﺴﻮل‬kasūl lazy, idle
Confidential
‫ ﻛﺴـﻼن‬kaslān f. ‫ ﻛﺴـﻠﻰ‬,‫ ة‬kaslā, pl. ‫ ﻛﺴـﺎﱃ‬kasālā, kusālā, ‫ ﻛﺴـﻠﻰ‬kaslā lazy,
sluggish, slothful, indolent, idle, inactive
‫ ﻣﻜﺴﺎل‬miksāl lazybones, sluggard, idler, loafer
‫ ﺗﻜﺎﺳﻞ‬takāsul laziness, sluggishness, indolence
‫ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﺳﻞ‬mutakāsil lazy, sluggish, slothful, indolent
‫ ﻛﺴـﻢ‬kasama i (kasm) to make living (‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻴﺎﻟـﻪ‬alā ‘iyālihī for one’s
family) II to give form (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.), shape, fashion (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻛﺴـﻢ‬kasm cut, style (of a dress); clothing, clothes, costume, fashion;
form, shape; manner, mode
‫ ﻛﺴﻴﻢ‬kasīm duty, rate, tax
‫ ﺗﻜﺴﻴﻢ‬taksīm forming, shaping, fashioning, molding; O milling
‫ ﻣﻜﺴﻢ‬mukassam well-shaped, shapely
‫ )ﻛﺴـﻮ‬and ‫ ﻛﺴـﻲ( ﻛﺴـﺎ‬kasā u (kasw) to clothe, dress, garb, attire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.
with or in); to hang, drape, face, line, case (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with), incase (‫ب‬
or ‫ ﻫـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in); to cover (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with), put, slip (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th.
s.th.) | ‫ﺻـﺒﻐﺔ ﻛـﺬا‬ ‫( ﻛﺴـﺎﻩ‬ṣibgata) to give s.th. the appearance of ..., make s.th.
1343
look like ...; -- ‫ ﻛﺴـﻲ‬kasiya a (‫ ﻛﺴـﺎ‬kasā) to be or get dressed; to dress IV to

clothe, dress, garb, attire (‫ه‬‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. with or in) V to be dressed, be clothed, be
garbed; to clothe o.s., array o.s., attire o.s. (‫ ب‬with or in); to cover o.s. VIII
do.; to burst into leaf (tree)
‫ ﻛﺴــﻮة‬kiswa pl. ‫ ﻛﺴــﻰ‬kusan, kisan, ‫ ﻛﺴــﺎو‬kasāwin clothing, clothes,
apparel, attire, raiment; dress, garment; suit of clothes; uniform; draping,
lining, casing, facing, paneling, wainscoting (e.g., of walls) | ‫)اﻟﺸـﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬ ‫)اﻟﻜﺴـﻮة‬
the kiswa, the covering of the Kaaba (black, brocaded carpet covering the
walls of the Kaaba, made annually in Egypt and transported with the
pilgrimage caravan to Mecca); ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ ﻛﺴﻮة‬full-dress uniform, gala uniform
‫ ﻛﺴﺎء‬kisā’ pl. ‫ اﻛﺴﻴﺔ‬aksiya garment; dress
‫ ﺗﻜﺴـﻴﺔ‬taksiya clothing, dressing; draping, lining, casing, facing, paneling,
wainscoting (e.g., of walls); course of stones (of a macadam road)
‫ ﻛﺶ‬kašša i to recoil (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ ﻛﺸﺔ‬kušša lock of hair
‫ ﻛﺸﺘﺒﺎن‬kuštubān, kuštibān pl. ‫ ﻛﺸﺎﺗﺒﲔ‬kašātibīn2 thimble
Confidential
‫ ﻛﺸـﺢ‬kašaḥa a (kašḥ): ‫( ﻛﺸــﺢ ﻟـﻪ ﻟﻌـﺪاوة‬bi-l-‘adāwa) to harbor enmity
toward s.o., hate s.o.; -- to disperse, scatter, break up (‫ ه‬a crowd), send
away, dismiss, drive away, chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.) III ‫ﻛﺎﺷـﺤﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻌـﺪاوة‬ (bi-l-
‘adāwa) to harbor enmity toward s.o., hate s.o. VII to be dispersed, be
scattered; to disperse, scatter, break up; to be dispelled
‫ ﻛﺸـﺢ‬kašḥ pl. ‫ ﻛﺸـﻮح‬kušūḥ region of the hip, haunch, flank, side, waist;
Venus’s-shell, cowrie | ‫( ﻃـﻮى ﻛﺸـﺢ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ṭawā kašḥahū) to keep s.th. to o.s.,
keep s.th. secret; ‫ ﻃـﻮى ﻛﺸـﺤﻪ )ﻛﺸـﺤﺎ( ﻋـﻦ‬to turn from s.o., break with s.o.;
‫( وﻻﻩ ﻛﺸﺤﻪ‬wallāhu) to turn one’s back on s.o.
‫ ﻛﺸﺎﺣﺔ‬kušāḥa secret enmity, rancor, grudge, resentment, hate
‫ ﻛﺎﺷﺢ‬kāšiḥ secret enemy
‫ ﻛﺸـﺮ‬kašara i (kašr) and II to bare one’s teeth; to grimace; to grin, smile
(‫ اﱃ‬at s.o.); to scowl, glower, bear a grim expression | ‫اﺳـﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ ﻛﺸـﺮ ﻋـﻦ‬to bare
or show one’s teeth; ‫)اﻧﻴﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ )ﻛﺸﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻪ‬do.
‫ ﻛﺸﺮة‬kišra grimace
1344
‫ ﺗﻜﺸﲑة‬takšīra (n. vic.) flash of the teeth

‫ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺎري ﻣﻜﺎﺷﺮي‬huwa jārī mukāširī he is my nearest neighbor
‫ اﻧﻜﺸﺎري‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﺸـﻂ‬kašaṭa i (kašṭ) to take off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a wrapping, a covering); to pull off (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to erase (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. written); to remove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to scratch off, scrape off
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬e.g., with a knife so as to clean it)
‫ ﻣﻜﺸﻂ‬mikšaṭ erasing knife
‫ ﻛﺸﺐ‬kašafa i (kašf) to pull away, remove, take off, throw open, lift, raise
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a covering, a curtain, a veil, etc.,‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to reveal, disclose, uncover,
expose, bare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to clear up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), shed light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
on); to show, demonstrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to open up, lay open, lay bare (‫ﻫ ـ‬
or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); to bring to light (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); to study, scrutinize, investigate,
examine (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to examine medically (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) | ‫ﻛﺸـﻒ اﻟﻘﻨـﺎع ﻋـﻦ‬ to
‫( ﻛﺸــﻒ ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ ﻃﺒﻴــﺎ‬ṭibbīyan) to examine s.o.
Confidential
unveil, unmask s.o. or s.th.;
medically ; ‫( ﻛﺸـﻔﺖ اﳊـﺮب ﻋـﻦ ﺳـﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬ḥarbu) the war was or become violent,
flared up; war broke out III to discuss, reveal, manifest, demonstrate, show
(‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.), evince ( toward s.o. s.th.); to make known (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to
s.o. s.th.), inform (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. of) | ‫( ﻛﺎﺷـﻔﻪ ﻟﻌـﺪاوة‬bi-l-‘adāwa) to manifest
open hostility toward s.o. V to be uncovered, be exposed, be laid open, be
bared, be disclosed, be revealed, be brought to light; to come to light,
become visible, manifest itself, show; to open, be opened up (‫ﺷـﻲء‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬so as
to reveal s.th.) | ‫ﺷـﻲء‬
‫( ﺗﻜﺸـﻒ اﻷﻣـﺮ ﻋـﻦ ﻻ‬amru) the matter turned out to be of
no consequence; ‫( ﺗﻜﺸـﻒ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﻬـﻰ اﻟﻌﺠـﺰ‬muntahā l-‘ajz) to show o.s. utterly
helpless VII to be removed, be lifted, be raised (veil); to be uncovered, be
disclosed, be revealed, become manifest (‫ ل‬to s.o.) VIII to discover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
esp. scientifically); to find out, detect, uncover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to seek to
discover (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to explore (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to investigate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), search, inquire
(‫ ﻫـ‬into s.th.); to scout, reconnoiter (mil.); to discover (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., scientifically);
to detect, spot, seek out, search out, find out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
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‫ ﻛﺸﻒ‬kašf uncovering, disclosure; baring, exposure, unveiling; revelation,

illumination (mys.); investigation, inquiry, search, quest, study;
examination, scrutiny; inspection; boy scout movement; -- (pl. ‫ ﻛﺸﻮف‬kušūf,
‫ﻛﺸـﻮﻓﺎت‬ kušūfāt) report, account; statement, specification, enumeration;
table, schedule, chart; list, roster, index, register, inventory; pl. ‫ﻛﺸــﻮف‬
discoveries | ‫ﻃﱯ‬ ‫ ﻛﺸﻒ‬ṭibbī) medical examination; ‫ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻻﻗـﱰاع‬muster roll;
‫ ﻛﺸﻒ اﳊﺴﺎب‬bill, invoice
‫ ﻛﺸـﻔﻲ‬kašfī of or pertaining to boy scouts | ‫( ﺣﺮﻛـﺔ ﻛﺸـﻔﻴﺔ‬ḥaraka) boy scout
movement
‫ ﻛﺸ ــﺎف‬kaššāf pl. ‫ ﻛﺸ ــﺎﻓﺔ‬kaššāfa discoverer, inventor; explorer,
‫( ﻛﺸـﺎف ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ‬kahrabā’ī)
reconnoiterer, scout; boy scout | O searchlight;
‫( ﻣﺼﺒﺎح ﻛﺸﺎف‬miṣbāḥ) and ‫( ﻧﻮر ﻛﺸﺎف‬nūr) pl. ‫ اﻧﻮار ﻛﺸﺎﻓﺔ‬do.
‫ ﻛﺸــﺎﻓﺔ‬kaššāfa exploration; reconnaissance, reconnoitering, scouting
(mil.); boy scout movement, scouting
‫ ﻛﺸﺎﰲ‬kišāfī of boy scouts, boy scout (adj.)
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‫ ﻛﺸﻴﻒ‬kašīf uncovered, open, exposed
‫ اﻛﺘﺸـﺎف‬iktišāf uncovering, disclosure, detection, spotting, location; (pl. -
āt) (scientific) discovery
‫ اﺳﺘﻜﺸـﺎف‬istikšāf uncovering, clarification, elucidation; discovery; close
observation; reconnaissance, reconnoitering, scouting (mil.) | ‫ﻃــﺎﺋﺮة‬
‫ اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸـﺎف‬reconnaissance plane; ‫( اﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸـﺎف اﻟﺒﻌﻴـﺪ اﳌـﺪى‬madā) long-range
reconnaissance
‫ اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﰲ‬istikšāfī explorational, exploratory, of discovery, reconnaissance-
, scout- (in compounds)
‫ ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ‬kāšif pl. ‫ ﻛﺸــﻔﺔ‬kašafa uncovering, revealing, etc.; serving
exploratory purposes, instrumental in reconnaissance, conducive to
discovery, detection or disclosure; examiner, investigator, discoverer;
supervisor, inspector; (Eg.) head of a muqāṭa‘a, district chief (obsolete);
detector (radio); ‫ ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ‬and ‫ ﻛﺎﺷـﻔﺔ‬reagent (chem.) | ‫( ﺿـﻮء ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ‬ḍau’) pl.
‫ اﺿـﻮاء ﻛﺎﺷـﻔﺔ‬and ‫( ﻧـﻮر ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ‬nūr) pl. ‫ اﻧـﻮار ﻛﺎﺷـﻔﺔ‬search-light; O ‫زورق ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ‬
‫( اﻷﻟﻐـﺎم‬zauraq) mine-locating craft, mine sweeper; ‫( ﻛﺎﺷــﻒ ﺑﻠــﻮري‬ballūrī,
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billaurī) crystal detector (radio); ‫ﻛﺎﺷـﻒ اﶈـﻴﻂ‬ k. al-muḥīṭ periscope; ‫ن‬

‫ﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ‬ (bāna) to manifest itself clearly and unmistakably
‫ ﻣﻜﺸـﻮف‬maksūf bared, exposed, uncovered, open, roofless, coverless,
unveiled, naked, bare; (mil.) open, undefended, devoid of military
installations or fortifications; uncovered (com.) | ‫ﻣﻜﺸـﻮف اﻟـﺮأس‬ m. ar-ra’s,
bareheaded, hatless; ‫ﳌﻜﺸـﻮف‬ or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳌﻜﺸـﻮف‬openly, publicly, overtly, for
everyone to see
‫ ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬muktašif discoverer, explorer
‫ ﻣﻜﺘﺸﻔﺎت‬muktašafāt (scientific) discoveries
1‫ ﻛﺸـﻚ‬kušk pl. ‫اﻛﺸـﺎك‬ akšāk kiosk; summer-house, pavilion, cabin, log
cabin; hut, shed, shanty; (telephone) booth; stall, stand, booth (at a fair, etc.)
| ‫ ﻛﺸـﻚ اﻻﺳـﺘﺤﻤﺎم‬bathhouse; beach chair; ‫ ﻛﺸـﻚ اﻻﺷـﺎرات‬k. al-ilšārāt block
station, signal box (railroad); ‫ ﻛﺸـﻚ اﻟﺪﻳـﺪ ن‬k. ad-daidabān sentry box; O
‫( ﻛﺸﻚ ﳏﻮل‬muḥawwil) transformer house
2‫ ﻛﺸـﻚ‬kišk a dough made of bulgur and sour milk, cut into small pieces,
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dried and need for the preparation of other dishes (so in Egypt; there are
several other ways of preparing it) | (eg.) ‫اﳌﺎز‬ ‫ ﻛﺸﻚ‬kišk almāz asparagus
‫ ﻛﺸﻜﺶ‬kaškaša to rustle; to flee, run away; (eg.) to pleat
‫ ﻛﺸﻜﺶ‬kaškaš pl. ‫ ﻛﺸﺎﻛﺶ‬kašākiš2 seam; hem, edge, border
‫ رواﻳﺔ ﻛﺸﻜﺸﻴﺔ‬riwāya kaškašīya burlesque, popular comedy
‫ ﻛﺸﻜﻮل‬kaškūl beggar’s bag; scrapbook; album
‫ ﻛﺸﻤﺶ‬kišmiš a kind of currants
‫ ﻛﺸـﻤﲑ‬kašmīr2 Kashmir (region in NE India); kašmīr cashmere (a soft,
twilled woolen fabric)
‫ ﻛﺸﲎ‬kušnā lentil tare, slender vetch (bot.)
‫( ﻛـﺾ‬for ‫ )ﻛـﻆ‬V to be replete, overfull, overloaded, overburdened VIII to
be overfilled, be replete (‫ ب‬with s.th.), be chock-full
‫ ﺗﻜﻀﻜﺾ‬takaḍkūḍ overexertion, overstrain, overburdening
‫ ﻛـﻆ‬kaẓẓa u (kaẓẓ) to fill, overfill (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to burden, weight, encumber
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to overstuff, surfeit, cloy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the stomach)VIII to be crammed full,
be jam-packed, be overcrowded (‫ ب‬with, esp. with people); to sate o.s. eat
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one’s fill; to be overstuffed, be surfeited, be cloyed (‫ ب‬with); to be

abundant, copious, plentiful
‫ ﻛﻈﺔ‬kiẓẓa gorging, cloying, overstuffing (of the stomach); surfeit
‫ ﻛﻈﻴﻆ‬kaẓīẓ overfilled, overstuffed, cloyed, surfeited
‫ ﻣﻜـﺘﻆ‬muktaẓ overcrowded (‫ ب‬with, esp. with people), crammed full,
jam-packed (‫ ب‬with), chock-full (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﻛﻈﺮ‬kuẓr suet
‫ ﻛﻈـﻢ‬kaẓama i (kaẓm, ‫ ﻛﻈـﻮم‬kuẓūm) to conceal or suppress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s
anger); to be mum, keep silent
‫ ﻛﻈﻴﻢ‬kaẓīm filled with anger
‫ ﻛﻌـﺐ‬ka‘aba u i (‫ ﻛﻌـﻮب‬ku‘ūb) to be full and round, be swelling (breasts)
II to make cubic, to cube (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to dice (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻛﻌـﺐ‬ka‘b pl. ‫ ﻛﻌـﺎب‬ki‘āb, ‫ ﻛﻌـﻮب‬ku‘ūb knot, knob, node (of cane); joint,
articulation; ankle, anklebone; heel (of the fact, of a shoe); ferrule; die;
cube; high rank, fame, glory, honor | ‫ﻛﻌـﺐ اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب‬ (pl. ‫)ﻛﻌـﻮب‬ spine of a
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book; ‫ارﻗــﻰ ﻛﻌﺒــﺎ‬
efficient;
arqā ka‘ban abler, more capable, more qualified, more
‫ رﺟـﻞ ﻋـﺎﱄ اﻟﻜﻌـﺐ‬rajul ‘ālī l-k. a distinguished, capable, successful

man; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻮ اﻟﻜﻌـﺐ‬ulūw al-k. high rank, outstanding position; ‫ ذﻫـﺐ ﻛﻌـﺒﻬﻢ‬their
days of glory are past
‫ ﻛﻌﺐ‬ku‘b breasts, bosom
‫ ﻛﻌﺒـﺔ‬ka‘ba pl. ka‘abāt cube, cubic structure; ‫ اﻟﻜﻌﺒـﺔ‬the Kaaba (in Mecca);
(fig.) shrine; object of veneration, focus of interest
‫ ﻛﻌﱯ‬ka‘bī cubic
‫ ﻛﻌﺒﺔ‬ku‘ba virginity
‫ ﻛﻌﺎب‬ka‘āb having swelling breasts, buxom (girl)
‫ اﺑﻮ ﻛﻌﻴﺐ‬abū ku‘aib (eg.) mumps (med.)
‫ ﺗﻜﻌﻴﺐ‬tak‘īb cubing, dicing; raising to the third power, cubing
‫ ﺗﻜﻌﻴﺒﺔ‬tak‘ība trellis, espalier
‫ ﺗﻜﻌﻴﱯ‬tak‘ībī cubic
‫ ﻛﺎﻋـﺐ‬kā‘ib pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﻋـﺐ‬kawā‘ib2 well-developed, full and round, swelling
(bosom); having swelling breasts, buxom (girl); ‫ ﻛﻮاﻋﺐ‬buxom girls
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‫ ﻣﻜﻌـﺐ‬muka‘‘ab cube-shaped, cubiform, cubic; (pl. -āt) cube | ‫ﻗـﺪم ﻣﻜﻌـﺐ‬

(qadam) cubic foot; ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬ ‫( ﻣﱰ‬mitr) cubic meter
‫ ﻛﻌـﱪة‬ku‘bura and ‫ ﻛﻌﺒـﻮرة‬ku‘būra pl. ‫ ﻛﻌـﺎﺑﺮ‬ka‘ābir2 knotty excrescence,
knot, knob, node; ‫ ﻛﻌﱪة‬radius (anat.) | ‫اﻟﻜﻌﱪة‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻈﻢ‬aẓm al-k. radius (anat.)
‫ ﻣﻜﻌﱪ‬muka‘bar knotty, knobbed, gnarled
‫ ﻛﻌﺒﻞ‬ka‘bala (eg.) to trip up (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) stumble
‫ ﻛﻌـﻚ‬ka‘k (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬cake; designation of various kinds of pastry,
also of small baked goods; pretzel (syr.)
‫ ﻛﻌﻢ‬ka‘ama a (ka‘m) to muzzle (‫ ﻫـ‬a camel); to gag (‫ ه‬s.o.); to cap, seal (‫ﻫـ‬
a vessel)
‫ ﻛﻐﻢ‬abbreviation of ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻏﺮام‬kīlogrām kilogram
‫ ﻛـﻒ‬kaffa u (kaff) to border, edge, hem (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a garment); to desist, refrain
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), cease, forbear (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬doing s.th.), give up, stop (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to
renounce, waive, forgo (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), abstain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to hold back, restrain
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(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from); to hinder, prevent (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from); to avert (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to
check, curb, restrict (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫ ﻛـﻒ ﺑﺼـﺮﻩ‬kaffa (and pass. kuffa) baṣaruhū to
become blind II to hem (‫ ﻫـ‬a garment) V to beg VII to desist, refrain, abstain
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) X to hold out the hand with an imploring gesture, beg, practice
begging; to shade one’s eyes with the hand; to coil (snake); to surround (‫ل‬
or ‫ ﺣﻮل‬s.o., s.th.), flock around s.o. or s.th. (‫ﺣﻮل‬ ,‫) ل‬
‫ ﻛـﻒ‬kaff desistance, refraining (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); abstaining, abstention (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from); cessation, suspension, stop, stoppage, discontinuation (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th.); --
kaff f., pl. ‫ ﻛﻔـﻮف‬kufūf, ‫ اﻛـﻒ‬akuff palm of the hand; glove; paw, foot, claw
(of an animal); slap; scale (of a balance); handful; quire; bar (of chocolate) |
‫ ﻛـﻒ ﻣـﺮﱘ‬k. mayam (eg.) agnus castus, chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus; bot.);
rose of Jericho, resurrection plant (Anastatica hierochuntica L.; bot.); ‫اﻟﻜـﻒ‬
‫اﳉـﺬﻣﺎء‬ (jadmā’) star α in the constellation Cetus; ‫ اﻟﻜـﻒ اﳋﻀـﻴﺐ‬star β in
Cassiopeia; ‫ﻛــﻒ اﻷﺳــﺪ‬ k. al-asad lion’s-leaf (bot.); ‫وﺿــﻊ ﺣﻴﺎﺗــﻪ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻛﻔــﻪ‬
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(ḥayātahū) to risk one’s life; ‫اﺳــﺘﺪر اﻷﻛــﻒ‬ istadarra l-akuffa to secure

generous contributions
‫ ﻛﻔـﺔ‬kiffa, kaffa pl. ‫ ﻛﻔـﻒ‬kifaf, ‫ ﻛﻔـﺎف‬kifāf palm of the hand; scale (of a
balance)
‫ ﻛﻔﺔ‬kaffa: ‫ ﻛﻔﺔ رود‬k. bārūd (eg.) cartridge pouch
‫ ﻛﻔﺔ‬kuffa pl. ‫ ﻛﻔﻒ‬kufaf edge, seam, hem, border
‫ ﻛﻔﺎف‬kafāf sufficiency, sufficient means for a living
‫ ﻛﻔﺎف‬kifāf border, edge, fringe, seam, hem
‫ ﻛﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬kifāfa hemming; hem
‫ ﻛﻔﻴﻒ‬kafīf blind | ‫ ﻛﻔﻴﻒ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬k. al-baṣar blind
‫ ﻛﺎﻓـﺔ‬kāffa totality, entirety; (with foll. genit.) all; the people, the masses,
the populace; kāffatan all without exception, one and all; altogether, in the
aggregate, collectively
‫ ﻣﻜﻔﻮف‬makfūf pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﻴﻒ‬makāfīf blind
‫ ﻛﻔـﺄ‬kafa’a a (kaf’) to turn around, turn over, reverse, invert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
Confidential
turn away, turn aside, turn back (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) III to reward (‫ ه‬s.o.); to requite,
return, repay,
recompense (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ب‬ s.th. with); to compensate, make up (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ب‬ for s.th.
with); to be similar, equal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), equal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be commensurate (‫ﻫ ـ‬

with); to measure up, come up (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.), compare favorably (‫ ﻫـ‬with) IV to
turn over, reverse, invert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to be equal, be on a par; to
(counter)balance each other, be perfectly matched VII to be turned away, be
turned aside; to be changed, be altered; to recede, change, fade (color); to
turn back, withdraw, retreat, fall back, give way; to be inverted, be reversed,
be turned around or over; to fall down. tumble, topple
‫ ﻛـﻒء‬kaf’, kif’, kuf’ pl. ‫ اﻛﻔـﺎء‬akfā’, ‫ ﻛﻔـﺎء‬kifā’ equal, alike; adequate,
appropriate, suitable, fit (‫ ل‬for); equal (‫ ل‬to s.o.), a match (‫ ل‬for); qualified,
capable, able, competent, efficient
‫ ﻛﻔﻮء‬kufū’, ‫ ﻛﻔﺆ‬kufu’ equal, comparable (‫ ل‬to), a match (‫ ل‬for)
‫ ﻛﻔﺎء‬kifā’ an equivalent
‫ ﻛﻔﺎء‬kafā’ equality; adequacy, adequateness
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‫ ﻛﻔـﺎءة‬kafā’a equality; adequacy, adequateness; comparableness; fitness,

suitability, appropriateness; competence, efficiency, ability, capability; pl.
‫ ﻛﻔﺎءات‬qualifications, abilities, capabilities
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺄة‬mukāfa’a pl. -āt requital; recompense, remuneration; compensation,
indemnification, indemnity; reward; stipend
‫ ﺗﻜ ــﺎﻓﺆ‬takāfu’ mutual correspondence, equivalence; homogeneity,
sameness
‫ اﻧﻜﻔﺎء‬inkifā’ retreat, withdrawal
‫ ﻣﻜــﺎﻓﺊ‬mukāfi’ equal, (a)like, of the same kind, homogeneous,
corresponding, commensurate, equivalent
‫ ﻣﺘﻜ ــﺎﻓﺊ‬mutakāfi’ alike, (mutually) corresponding, commensurate,
equivalent, equal
‫ ﻛﻔـﺖ‬kafata i (kaft) to restrain, detain, turn away, prevent, hold back ( ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. from) II to plate (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with); to inlay (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻛﻔﺖ‬kift cooking pot
‫ ﻛﻔﺘـﺔ‬kufta meat balls, hamburgers, oblong or round | ‫( ﲰـﻚ ﻛﻔﺘـﺔ‬samak)
Confidential
fried fish cakes; ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬ ‫ ﻛﻔﺘﺔ‬potato dumplings stuffed with meat
‫ ﻛﻔﻴﺖ‬takfīt inlaid work, inlay; plating, platework
‫ ﻣﻜﻔﺖ‬mukaffat inlaid; coated, overlaid, plated
‫ ﻛﻔﺢ‬kafḥ a (kafḥ) to face frankly, confront, encounter or meet face to face
(‫ ه‬s.o.) III = I; to combat (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), fight, battle, struggle, contend (‫ه‬
against); to defend (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.), fight (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for) | ‫اﻣـﻮرﻩ‬ ‫( ﻛﺎﻓﺢ‬umūrahū) to manage

one’s affairs personally
‫ ﻛﻔـﺎح‬kifāḥ and ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤـﺔ‬mukāfaḥa opposition, fight, battle, struggle (with
genit.: against); contention, strife
1‫ ﻛﻔـﺮ‬kafara i (kafr) to cover, hide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- (kufr, ‫ ﻛﻔـﺮان‬kufrān, ‫ﻛﻔـﻮر‬
kufūr) to be irreligious, be an infidel, not to believe ( in God); ‫ﻛﻔـﺮ‬
also: to blaspheme God, curse, swear; to renege one’s faith. become an
infidel; to be ungrateful (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for a benefit) II to cover, hide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
expiate (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to do penance, atone, make amends (‫ ب ﻋـﻦ‬for s.th. by or
with); to grant remission (‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻦ‬to s.o. of his sins); to forgive (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ل ﻫـ‬s.th.
to s.o.), grant pardon (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ل‬for s.th. to s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) an infidel,
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seduce (‫ ه‬s.o.), o unbelief; to accuse of infidelity, charge with unbelief (‫ه‬

s.o.) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) an infidel; to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) an infidel, accuse (‫ ه‬s.o.)
of infidelity
‫ ﻛﻔﺮ‬kafr pl. ‫ ﻛﻔﻮر‬kufūr small village, hamlet
‫ ﻛﻔـﺮ‬kufr and ‫ ﻛﻔـﺮان‬kufrān unbelief, infidelity | ‫ﻛﻔــﺮ‬ godlessness,
atheism; blasphemy, profanity; ‫ﻛﻔ ـ ـﺮان ﻟﻨﻌﻤ ــﺔ‬ (ni’ma) ingratitude,
ungratefulness
‫ ﻛﻔﺎر‬kaffār infidel, unbeliever
‫ ﻛﻔــﺎرة‬kaffāra penance, atonement (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬for a sin), expiation (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬of);
reparation, amends; expiatory gifts, expiations (distributed to the poor at a
funeral)
‫ ﺗﻜﻔﲑ‬takfīr expiation (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of), atonement, penance (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for a sin); seduction
to infidelity; charge of unbelief
‫ ﻛــﺎﻓﺮ‬kāfir pl. –ūn, ‫ ﻛﻔــﺎر‬kuffār, ‫ ﻛﻔــﺮة‬kafara, ‫ ﻛﻔــﺎر‬kifār irreligious,
unbelieving; unbeliever, infidel, atheist; ungrateful | ‫ﻛـﺎﻓﺮ ﻟﻨﻌﻤـﺔ‬ (ni’ma)
Confidential
ungrateful
2‫ ﻛﺎﻓﻮر‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﻔﺲ‬kafisa a (kafas) to be bandy-legged VII do.
‫ اﻛﻔﺲ‬akfas2, f. ‫ ﻛﻔﺴﺎء‬kafsā’2, pl. ‫ ﻛﻔﺲ‬kufs bandy-legged
‫ ﻛﻔﻜﻒ‬kafkafa to hold back (‫ ﻫـ‬tears)
‫ ﻛﻔـﻞ‬kafala u (kafl, ‫ ﻛﻔﺎﻟـﺔ‬kafāla) to feed, support (‫ ه‬s.o.), provide (‫ ه‬for
s.o.; ‫‘ ﻋﺎﺋﻠـﺔ‬ā’ilatan for a family); -- kafala u i, kafila a and kafula u (kafl,
‫ ﻛﻔـﻮل‬kufūl, ‫ ﻛﻔﺎﻟـﺔ‬kafāla) to vouch, answer, go bail, be guaranty, be or stand
sponsor, be responsible, liable, answerable (‫ ب‬for); to guarantee, sponsor (‫ه‬
s.o.); to be legal guardian (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to secure; to warrant, ensure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to guarantee (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.); O to cover, back (currency with gold) II to
feed, support (‫ ه‬s. o.), provide (‫ ه‬for); to admit as security sponsor or bail
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to name sponsor, ask to be security or to go bail, appoint security or
bail (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to conclude an agreement, make a contract (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV

to appoint as security, sponsor or bail (‫ ه‬s.o.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) go bail V to be
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security, go bail, vouch, be or become responsible, answerable or liable ( ‫ب‬

‫ ل‬to s.o. for), be sponsor (‫ ب ل‬of s.o. for s.th.), guarantee (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. s.th.);
to obligate o.s. pledge o.s. (‫ ب ل‬to s.o. to do s.th.); to undertake, take upon
o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.) VI to vouch for each other, guarantee each other
‫ ﻛﻔﻞ‬kafl guaranty, warranty
‫ ﻛﻔﻞ‬kafal pl. ‫ اﻛﻔﺎل‬akfāl, ‫ ﻛﻔﻮل‬kufūl rump, buttocks; croup of a horse
‫ ﻛﻔﺎﻟـﺔ‬kafāla bail, guaranty, security, sponsorship; pledge, deposit, surety,
‫( ﻛﻔﺎﻟـﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬mālīya) surety, security; bail; caution money; ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻟـﺔ‬
collateral |
‫( ﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬nafs) bail (esp. for due appearance of a person in court; Isl. Law); ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﻛﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻼن‬under the protection or tutelage of s.o., in s.o.’s custody
‫ ﻛﻔﻴــﻞ‬kafīl pl. ‫ ﻛﻔــﻼء‬kufalā’2 responsible, liable, answerable; bail,
bailsman, security, surety, sponsor, bondsman; guarantor (‫ ب‬of s.th.);
vouching (‫ ب‬for s.th.), guaranteeing (‫ ب‬s.th.); protector; legal guardian |
‫( ﻛﻔﻴـﻞ ﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬nafs) bail, bailsman (esp. one guaranteeing the due appearance
Confidential
of a person in court; Isl. Law)
‫ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﻞ‬takāful mutual or joint responsibility; solidarity; mutual agreement
‫ ﻛﺎﻓـﻞ‬kāfil pl. ‫ ﻛﻔـﻞ‬kufal breadwinner, supporter, provider; bail, bailsman,
security, surety, sponsor, bondsman; protector; legal guardian
‫)ﻣﻜﻔــﻮل )ﺑــﻪ‬ makfūl (bihī) guaranteed; covered, backed (banknotes in
circulation)
‫ ﻛﻔﻦ‬kafana i (kafn) to cover with a winding sheet, to shroud, dress for the
grave (‫ ﻫـ‬the deceased) II do.; to wrap (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. in), cover (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with)
‫ ﻛﻔﻦ‬kafn saltless
‫ ﻛﻔﻦ‬kafan pl. ‫ اﻛﻔﺎن‬akfān shroud, winding sheet
‫ ﻛﻔﻬـﺮ‬IV kafhara (‫ اﻛﻔﻬـﺮار‬ikfihrār) to be dark, grow dark, darken, be or
become gloomy
‫ اﻛﻔﻬﺮار‬ikfihrār darkness, dark; dusk, gloom, gloominess
‫ ﻣﻜﻔﻬـﺮ‬mukfahirr dim, dusky, gloomy; clouded, overcast; grave, sullen,
melancholy
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‫ ﻛﻔـﻰ‬kafā i (‫ ﻛﻔﺎﻳـﺔ‬kifāya) to be enough, sufficient (‫ ه‬for s.o.), suffice (‫ه‬

s.o.); to meet all requirements; to protect (‫ه‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. from s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. from
s.th.); to save, spare (‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. a trouble) | ‫ وﻛﻔﻰ‬wa-kafā and that’s all! enough
of that! that’s enough! ‫ﻋﻨﻚ‬ ‫ ﻛﻔﻰ اﻟﻞ‬may God give satisfaction in your stead,
or, may God make up for your shortcoming (said to s.o. making a mistake,
or showing himself inadequate); ‫وﻛـﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﻛﻔـﻰ‬ (wakīlan) God is the best
protector; ‫ﻛﻔــﻰ ﺣــﺰ ان‬ ‫ﻛﻔــﺎﻩ ﻣﺆﻧــﺔ ﻛــﺬا‬
(ḥazanan) it is sad enough that ...;
(mu’nata) to save s.o. the trouble of ... III to be sufficient, enough (‫ ه‬for
s.o.), suffice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to requite, repay, recompense, reward (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with)
VIII to be content, content o.s. (‫ ب‬with s.th.)
‫ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬kifāya sufficient amount, degree, extent, etc., sufficiency; that which
suffices for performing a duty, a task, etc.; capability, capacity, ability,
qualification; appropriateness, suitability, fitness; competence, efficiency,
skill | ‫ﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳـﺔ‬ sufficiently, enough; ‫ﻛﻔﺎﻳـﺔ اﻟﻘﺘـﺎل‬ fighting power; ‫ﻋـﺪم اﻟﻜﻔﺎﻳـﺔ‬
‫‘ اﳉﻨﺴـﻴﺔ‬adam al-k. al-jinsīya sexual impotence; ‫ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا ﻛﻔﺎﻳـﺔ‬enough of that,
Confidential
that’s enough
‫ ﻛﻔﻲ‬kafīy sufficient, enough
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺎة‬mukāfāh reward; gratification
‫ اﻛﺘﻔﺎء‬iktifā’ contentedness, contentment
‫ ﻛــﺎف‬kāfin pl. ‫ ﻛﻔــﺎة‬kufāh sufficient, enough, adequate; appropriate,
suitable, suited, fit; capable, able, qualified, skilled, skillful, competent,
efficient
‫ ﻣﻜﺘﻒ‬muktafin contented, content
1‫ ﻛـﻼ‬kilā, f. ‫ ﻛﻠﺘـﺎ‬kiltā; ‫ ﻛﻠـﻲ‬kilai, f. ‫ ﻛﻠـﱵ‬kiltai (with dependent genit. or
suffix) both (of); see also alphabetically
2‫ ﻛـﻞ‬kalla i (kall, ‫ ﻛﻠـﺔ‬killa, ‫ ﻛـﻼل‬kalāl, ; ‫ ﻛﻼﻟـﺔ‬kalāla, ‫ ﻛﻠـﻮل‬kulūl, ‫ﻛﻠﻮﻟـﺔ‬
kulūla) to be or become tired, fatigued, weary, exhausted, weak; to be dim,
dull, languid, expreosionless, (glance, eyes); to become blunt (sword) | ‫ﻻ‬
‫ ﻳﻜـﻞ‬indefatigable, untiring II to crown (‫ ه‬s.o., also fig. ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (Chr.) to
perform the marriage ceremony
(priest); to become dull, obtuse, expressionless (face); to become blunt
(sword) | ‫ﻟﻨﺠـﺎح‬ ‫ ﻛﻠـﻞ‬kullila bi-l-najāḥ to be crowned by success IV to make
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languid or tired, to weary, tire, fatigue, exhaust, wear out, harass, torment (‫ه‬
s.o.); to dim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the glance) V to be crowned; to wear a crown; (Chr.) to be
married
‫ ﻛـﻞ‬kall weariness, tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion; dimness, dullness; dull,
dim, feeble (glance, mind)
‫ ﻛﻠﺔ‬killa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻛﻠﻞ‬kilal thin veil, drape, curtain; mosquito net
‫ ﻛﻠــﻞ‬kalal, ‫ ﻛـﻼل‬kalāl and ‫ ﻛﻼﻟـﺔ‬kalāla weariness, tiredness, fatigue,
exhaustion; dimness, dullness
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻞ‬kalīl exhausted, tired, weary, faint, languid; weak, feeble; dull, blunt
‫ اﻛﻠﻴـﻞ‬iklīl pl. ‫ اﻛﺎﻟﻴـﻞ‬akālīl2, ‫ اﻛﻠـﺔ‬akilla crown; diadem; chaplet, wreath,
garland, festoon; tonsure (Chr.); wedding, marriage ceremony (Chr.); umbel
(bot.) | ‫اﳉﺒـﻞ‬ ‫ اﻛﻠﻴـﻞ‬i. al-jabal rosemary (bot.); ‫ اﻛﻠﻴـﻞ اﻟﺸـﻮك‬i. aš-šauk crown of
thorns; ‫ اﻛﻠﻴــﻞ اﳌﻠــﻚ‬i. al-malik yellow sweet clover, melilot (Melilotus
officinalis L.; bot.)
‫ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻞ‬taklīl coronation, crowning
‫ ﻛﺎل‬kāll tired, fatigued, faint, languid
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻜﻠﻞ‬mukallal adorned with a wreath, crowned; married (Chr.)
3‫ ﻛـﻞ‬kull totality, entirety; everyone, each one, anyone; (with foil. def.
noun) whole, entire, all; (with fall. indef. noun) every; ‫ اﻟﻜـﻞ‬the whole. all,
everything | ‫ ﻟﻜـﻞ‬on the whole, in the aggregate, taken altogether, in bulk;
‫ اﻟﻜـﻞ ﻟﻜـﻞ‬everything, all-embracing, all-comprehensive, all-powerful; ‫ﻛـﻞ‬
‫( ﻣـﻦ ﻓـﻼن وﻓـﻼن وﻓـﻼن‬kullun min) A as well as B as well as C; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛـﻞ‬alā
kullin in any case, at any rate; ‫ ﻛﻠـﻪ‬kulluhū he entirely, all of him, it entirely,
all of it; ‫ذﻟـﻚ‬
‫ ﻛـﻞ‬kullu dālika all that; ‫ ﻛـﻞ اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ‬kullu l-baiti or ‫ اﻟﺒﻴـﺖ ﻛﻠـﻪ‬al-b.
kulluhū the whole house; ‫ ﻛـﻞ اﻟﺮﺟـﺎل‬or ‫ اﻟﺮﺟـﺎل ﻛﻠﻬـﻢ‬all men; ‫اﳊﻘﻴﻘـﺔ ﻛـﻞ اﳊﻘﻴﻘـﺔ‬
(kullu l-ḥ.) the whole truth, nothing but the truth;‫( اﻟﺴـﺮ ﻛـﻞ اﻟﺴـﺮ‬sirr) a very
great secret; ‫( اﳋـﲑ ﻛـﻞ اﳋـﲑ‬kair) true or complete happiness; ‫ ﻛـﻞ رﺟـﻞ‬kullu
rajulin every man; ‫ ﻛـﻞ ﺷـﻲء‬k. šai’in every thing, everything, all; ‫ ﻛـﻞ اﺣـﺪ‬k.
aḥadin and ‫ ﻛـﻞ واﺣـﺪ‬k. wāḥidin every (single) one, each one; ‫ ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬kullu
man everyone who, whoever, whosoever; ‫ﻛــﻞ ﻣــﺎ‬ kullu mā all that …,
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whatever, whatsoever; ‫ان‬ ‫ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬k. mā fī l-amri anna there is no more

to it than ..., it’s nothing but ...; ‫ ﻛﻞ وﻗﺖ‬kulla waqtin at any time, always; ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﻛـﻞ ﺳـﺒﻌﺔ ا م‬fī kulli sab‘ati ayyāmin in each seven days, every seven days;
‫ ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﻒ‬li-kulli alfin per (one) thousand
‫ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎ‬kullamā whenever; the more ..., in the same measure as … | – ‫ﻛﻠﻤـﺎ‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬the more -- the more
‫ ﻛﻠــﻲ‬kullī total, entire, all-round, overall, sweeping, comprehensive,
complete; absolute, universal
‫ ﻛﻠﻴ ــﺔ‬kullīya totality, entirety; integrity, wholeness, entireness,
completeness; (pl. -āt) faculty, school (of a university); college; institute of
higher learning, academy, secondary school; ‫ ﻛﻠﻴـﺎت‬the complete works (of
an author); ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻴــﺎت‬ the five logical predicates or general conceptions
(philos.); kullīyatan wholly, entirely, totally, absolutely | ‫ﻟﻜﻠﻴــﺔ‬ on the

whole, in the aggregate, altogether; ‫ ﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬-- ‫ ﻻ‬not at all, absolutely not;
Confidential
‫ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺘـﻪ‬in its entire being, completely, totally, entirely, wholly; ‫ﻛﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﺠـﺎرة‬
commercial college; ‫( ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ḥarbīya) military academy
4‫ ﻛﻠﺔ‬kulla pl. ‫ ﻛﻠﻞ‬kulal bullet; cannon ball; shell, grenade; a marble
‫ ﻛـﻼ‬kallā not at all, on the contrary; by no means! certainly not! never!

no! (see also 1‫ﰒ ﻛﻼ‬ ‫( ﻛﻞ | ﻛﻼ‬tumma) a thousand times no! not at all!
‫ ﻛـﻸ‬kala’a a (‫ ﻛـﻞء‬kal’, ‫ ﻛـﻼء‬kilā’, ‫ ﻛـﻼءة‬kilā’a) to guard, preserve, watch,
protect (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to find no sleep (eye)
‫ ﻛﻸ‬kala’ pl. ‫ اﻛﻼء‬aklā’ grass, herbage, pasture

‫ ﻛﻠﻮء‬kalū’: ‫ ﻛﻠﻮء اﻟﻌﲔ‬k. al-‘ain sleepless, awake
‫ ﻛﻼﺳﻜﻲ‬kilāsikī classic(a1)
‫ ﻛﻼﻛﺲ‬kalāks pl. -āt horn of an automobile
‫ ﻛﻠﺐ‬kaliba a (kalab) to be seized by hydrophobia; to become mad, crazy;
to covet greedily (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) VI to rage, rave, storm; to fan, pounce, rush in
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon), assail (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to assail each other, rush against each other X
to be raging, raving, rabid, furious, mad, frenzied, possessed
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‫ ﻛﻠﺐ‬Icalb pl. ‫ ﻛـﻼب‬kilāb dog | ‫ اﻟﻜﻠـﺐ اﻷﻛـﱪ‬the constellation Canis Major

with its main star Sirius; ‫اﻷﺻـﻐﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﻜﻠـﺐ‬the constellation Canis Minor with its
main star Procyon; ‫ ﻛﻠﺐ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬k. al-baḥr shark; ‫ ﻛﻠﺐ اﳌﺎء‬otter; beaver
‫ ﻛﻠﺒﺔ‬kalba pl. -āt bitch
‫ ﻛﻠﱯ‬kalbī canine (adj.)
‫ ﻛﻠﺐ‬kalab rabies, hydrophobia; burning thirst; greed (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for)
‫ ﻛﻠﺐ‬kalib affected with rabies, rabid; mad; greedy
‫ ﻛﻼب‬kullāb and ‫ ﻛﻠﻮب‬kallūb pl. ‫ ﻛﻼﻟﻴﺐ‬kalālīb2 hook; cramp
‫ ﻛﻼﺑﺔ‬kullāba pl. -āt (pair of) pincers, tongs
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺐ‬kalīb pl. ‫ ﻛﻠﱮ‬kalbā affected with rabies, rabid, raging
‫ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﺐ‬takālub fierce struggle, dogfight, free-for-all, melee, brawl; avidity,
greed
‫ ﻣﻜﻠﻮب‬maklūb rabid, frenzied, crazed, possessed
‫ ﻛﻠﺒﺶ‬kalabš manacles, handcuffs
Confidential
‫ ﻛﻠﺖ‬kalata i to pour, pour out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻛﻠـﺢ‬kalaḥa a (‫ ﻛـﻼح‬kulāḥ, ‫ ﻛﻠـﻮح‬kulūḥ) to frown, scowl, look gloomy IV
and V do.
‫ ﻛﻠﺤﺔ‬kalaḥa zone around the mouth, mien, facial expression
‫ ﻛـﺎﱀ‬kāliḥ grave, austere, somber, gloomy; fallow, livid, dull grey; turned
colorless, faded
‫ ﻛﻠـﺦ‬kalk giant fennel (Ferula communis L.; Ferula sinaica B.; bos.); --
(eg.) kalak ammoniac
‫ اﻟﻜﻠﺪان‬al-kaldān the Chaldeans
‫ ﻛﻠﺪاﱐ‬kaldānī Chaldean (adj. and n.); astrologer
1‫ ﻛﻠـﺲ‬II to plaster with lime, whitewash (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to calcine, calcify (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﻛﻠﺲ‬kils lime
‫ ﻛﻠﺴﻲ‬kilsī calcic, limy, lime- (in compounds) | ‫ ﺣﺠﺎرة ﻛﻠﺴﻴﺔ‬limestone
‫ ﻛﻼﺳﺔ‬kallāsa limekiln
‫ ﻣﻜﻠﺲ‬mukallas calcified
2 ‫( ﻛﻠﺴﺔ‬It. calza) kalsa pl. -āt stocking
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‫ ﻛﻮاﻟﻴﺲ‬see ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫( ﻛﻠﺴﻮن‬Fr. caleçon) kalsūn pl. -āt (pair of men’s) drawers
‫( ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬It. calzeta) kalsīṭa pl. ‫ ﻛﻼﺳﻂ‬kalāsiṭ2 stocking
‫ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻮم‬kalsiyōm calcium
‫ ﻛﻠـﻒ‬kalifa a (kalaf) to become brownish red (face); to become freckled,
be covered with freckles; to like (‫ ب‬s.th.), be intent, bent, set. keen (‫ ب‬on),
be very attached (‫ ب‬to s.o. or s.th.), be very fond (‫ ب‬of s.o. or s.th.); to be in
love, fall in love (‫ ب‬with s.o.) II to commission, charge, entrust (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ب‬
or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), assign (‫ ب‬or ‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. a task, a job); to cost (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. a certain
amount) | ‫( ﻛﻠـﻒ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬kāṭirahū) (eg.) to take the trouble, go to the trouble,
bother; to put s.o. to the trouble, bother s.o.; ‫( ﻛﻠﻔـﻪ ﺷـﻄﻄﺎ‬šaṭaṭan) to overtask
s.o., expect or demand too much of s.o.; (‫ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ‬... or ‫( ﻛﻠـﻒ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻋﻨـﺎء‬... ‫ﻣﺆوﻧﺔ‬
... (‘anā’a, ma‘ūnata, mašaqqata) to take the trouble to ..., to bother to ...,
go to the trouble of …; ‫ﻫﻈﺎ‬ ‫( ﻛﻠﻔﻪ ﲦﻨﺎ‬tamanan) to cost s.o. dearly; ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻠﻔـﻪ‬
Confidential
‫( اﻷﻣـﺮ‬mahmā, amr) whatever it may cost him, at any cost V to burden o.s.,
be burdened (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬with s.th.); to take upon o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a job, a task, coats, an
office, etc.); to take over, defray, have to bear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., expenses); to do
reluctantly or unwillingly, do in a studied or affected manner, simulate,
feign, affect (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to force o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬to do s.th.). do s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬with difficulty,
e.g., ‫ﺗﻜﻠــﻒ اﻟﻀــﺤﻚ‬ (ḍaḥk) to force a laugh; to be affected, mannered,
unnatural, stiff, formal, ceremonious, punctilious, stand on ceremony; to
employ (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., care), spend (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬an amount for); to cost (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬so-
and-so much)
‫ ﻛﻠﻒ‬kalaf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬freckles | ‫ ﻛﻠﻒ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬k. aš-šams sunspots
‫ ﻛﻠـﻒ‬kalif very much in love (‫ ب‬with), very attached (‫ ب‬to), very fond
(‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﻛﻠﻔـﺔ‬kulfa pl. ‫ ﻛﻠـﻒ‬kulaf discomfort; trouble, inconvenience; nuisance;
ceremonial, ceremony, formality, ceremoniousness, affectedness of
behavior, affectation, mannerism, pose; costs, expenses, expenditure, outlay;
trimmings, fittings, accessories, notions, ornaments (buttons, buckles,
1358
clasps, braiding, lace, etc.); lady’s maid | ‫اﻟﻜﻠــﻒ اﻟﺸﻤﺴــﻴﺔ‬ (šamsīya) the
sunspots
‫ ﻛﻼف‬kallāf stable hand, hostler, groom
‫ ﻛﻼﰲ‬kallāfī hirer of donkeys
‫ اﻛﻠـﻒ‬aklaf2, f. ‫ ﻛﻠﻔـﺎء‬kalfā’2, pl. ‫ ﻛﻠـﻒ‬kulf brownish red, russet; freckled;
spotted
‫ ﺗﻜﻠﻴــﻒ‬taklīf pl. ‫ ﺗﻜــﺎﻟﻴﻒ‬takālīf2 burdening, bothering, troubling,
inconveniencing; commissioning, charging, authorization; commandment
(of God); burden, annoyance, nuisance, bother; trouble, inconvenience,
discomfort; fuss, ado; formality, ceremonial of courtesy, ceremony;
expenses, expenditure, outlay, costs, charges, overhead; prime cost; taxes,
imposts, duties; taxation, encumbrance with a tax; legal capacity (Isl. Law) |
‫ ﺑـﻼ ﺗﻜﻠﻴـﻒ‬informal(ly), unceremonious(ly), without (standing on) ceremony;
‫ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ‬kašf at-t. terrier; ‫ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬t. al-ma‘īša cost of living
‫ ﺗﻜﻠــﻒ‬takalluf constraint, unnaturalness of manner; mannerism, airs,
affectation, affected behavior; studied, unnatural manner; dissimulation,
hypocrisy
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻜﻠـﻒ‬mukallaf commissioned, authorized, charged (‫ ب‬with); obligated,
under obligation, liable (‫ ب‬to do s.th.), responsible (‫ ب‬for); bound, obliged
(‫ ب‬to do s.th.); subject to taxation, taxable; taxpayer; obligated to observe
the precepts of religion (Isl. Law); legally capable, sane in mind, compos
mentis (Isl. Law) | ‫ﻟﺸﺆون‬ ‫ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ‬chargé d’affaires, diplomatic envoy
‫ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬mukallafa pl. -āt (eg.) terrier
‫ ﻣﺘﻜﻠـﻒ‬mutakallaf formal, ceremonial, ceremonious; affected, studied,
forced, outward., sham, false, artificial | ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫( ﺿﺤﻜﺔ‬ḍahka) forced laugh
‫ ﻛﻠﻚ‬kalak pl. -āt (ir.) raft of inflated skins
‫ ﻛﻠﻜﺘﺎ‬kalkattā Calcutta (city in NE India)
‫ ﻛﻼﻛﻴﻊ‬kalākī‘2: ‫ ﻛﻼﻛﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬k. al-‘iẓām bone fragments
‫ ﻛﻠﻜﻞ‬kalkala and II takalkala to become callous (skin)
‫ ﻛﻠﻜﻞ‬kalkal pl. ‫ ﻛﻼﻛﻞ‬kalākil2 chest, thorax | ‫ ﲢﺖ ﻛﻠﻜﻠﻪ‬,‫ ﲢﺖ ﻛﻼﻛﻠﻪ‬under
the oppressive burden of s.th.; ‫ ﺑﻜﻠﻜﻠﻪ‬to oppress s.o. gravely, weigh heavily
upon s.o.
‫ ﻛﻠﻜﻠﺔ‬kalkala callosity, callus
1359
‫ ﻣﻜﻠﻜﻞ‬mukalkal callous (skin)

‫ ﻛﻠـﻢ‬II to address (‫ ه‬s.o.), speak, talk (‫ ه‬to or with s.o.) III to speak, talk,
converse (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V to speak, talk (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with or to s.o., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about,
of); to utter, express, voice, say (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻛﻠﻢ‬kalm pl. ‫ ﻛﻠﻮم‬kulūm, ‫ ﻛﻼم‬kilām wound, cut, slash
‫ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬kalima pl. -āt (coll. ‫ ﻛﻠـﻢ‬kalim) word; speech, address; utterance,
remark, saying; aphorism, maxim; brief announcement, a few (introductory)
words; short treatise; importance, weight, influence, authority, ascendancy,
powerful position | ‫ﻛﻠﻤــﺔ ﻓﻜﻠﻤــﺔ‬ kalimatan fa-kalimatan word by word,
literally; ‫اﺧﺮى‬ ‫( ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ukra) in other words; ‫ اﻟﻘﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬alqā kalimatan to make a
speech, give a public address; ‫ ﱄ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﻚ‬I’ve got to talk to you; ‫ﲨﻌﻮا ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ (jama’ū kalimatahum) they decided unanimously to ..., they were
unanimous about ...; ‫اﺟﺘﻤﻌــﺖ ﻛﻠﻤــﺘﻬﻢ‬ ijtama’at kalimatuhum they united,
joined forces, came to an agreement; ‫ اﺟﺘﻤﻌـﺖ ﻛﻠﻤـﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬they were agreed
Confidential
that ...; ‫ ﺗﻮﺣﻴــﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺔ‬or ‫ ﲨــﻊ اﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺔ‬jam’ al-k. union, joining of forces,
unanimity; ‫ اﲢـﺎد اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬ittiḥād al-k. concord, agreement, harmony; ‫ﺗﻘﺴــﻴﻢ‬
‫ اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬dissension, variance, disunion; ‫( اﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺘـﻪ‬a’lā) to raise the prestige of
s.o.; ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻮ‬ulūw al-k. and ‫‘( اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬ulyā) supremacy, hegemony; ‫ﻗـﺎل‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺘـﻪ‬he said what he had to say, he had his say; ‫ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ ﷲ‬the word of God,
the Holy Scriptures; O ‫ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ اﳌـﺮور‬password, watchword, parole; ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺎت‬
‫‘( اﻟﻌﺸـﺮ‬ašr) the ten Commandments; ‫( ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ ﲤﻬﻴﺪﻳـﺔ‬tamhīdīya) preface; ‫ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﺴﺮ‬k. as-sirr, (ir.) ‫ ﻛﻠﻢ اﻟﺴﺮ‬kalim as-sirr parole, watch-word, countersign
‫ ﻛـﻼم‬kalām talking, speaking; speech; language, mode of expression,
style; talk, conversation, discussion; debate, dispute, controversy; words,
word, saying, utterance, statement, remark; aphorism, maxim, phrase,
idiom, figure of speech; (gram.) sentence, clause | ‫ﻟﻜـﻼم‬ orally, verbally;
‫( ﻓـﺘﺢ ﻓﻤـﻪ ﻟﻜـﻼم‬famahū) to open one’s mouth in order to say s.th., prepare to
say s.th.; ‫ ﻛـﻼم ﻓـﺎرغ‬idle talk, prattle, poppycock, bosh, nonsense; ‫ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬
manner of speaking, diction; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬ilm al-k. scholastic theology (Isl.);
1360
‫ ﻛﺜـﲑ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬talkative, loquacious, garrulous; ‫ﻟﻐـﺔ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬ lugat al-k. colloquial

language, everyday speech
‫ ﻛﻼﻣـﻲ‬kalāmī of or pertaining to speech or words, speech-, word- (in
oompounds), verbal; spoken, oral; scholastic, theological | ‫ﻣﺸــﺎدة ﻛﻼﻣﻴــﺔ‬
(mašādda) battle of words, dispute, altercation
‫ ﻛﻠـﻴﻢ‬kalīm pl. ‫ ﻛﻠﻤـﻰ‬kalmā wounded, injured; sore; -- (pl. ‫ ﻛﻠﻤـﺎء‬kulamā’)
person addressed; speaker, spokesman, mouthpiece | ‫ﻛﻠــﻴﻢ ﷲ‬ epithet of
Moses
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻢ‬see also alphabetically
‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﱐ‬kalmānī, kalamānī, killimānī eloquent; fluent speaker
‫ ﺗﻜـﻼم‬tiklām, tikillām and ‫ ﺗﻜﻼﻣـﺔ‬tiklāma, tikillāma eloquent; good talker,
conversationalist; talkative, loquacious, garulous
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﳌـﺔ‬mukālama talk, conversation, discussion | ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﳌـﺔ ﺗﻠﻴﻔﻮﻧﻴـﺔ‬telephone
conversation
‫ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ‬takallum speaking; talk, conversation; speech
‫ ﻣـﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬mutakallim speaking (act. part.); speaker, spokesman; first person
Confidential
(gram.); Muslim theologian, scholastic
‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬kullamā see 2‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻮن‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬kulya and ‫ ﻛﻠﻮة‬kulwa pl. ‫ ﻛﻠﻰ‬kulan, ‫ ﻛﻼوى‬kalāwī kidney
‫ ﻛﻠـﻮي‬kulwī of or pertaining to the kidneys, renal, nephric, nephritic,
nephro- (in compounds) | ‫ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب ﻛﻠﻮي‬inflammation of the kidneys, nephritis;
‫( ﻣﻐﺺ ﻛﻠﻮي‬magṣ) renal colic
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺸﻴﻪ‬kilīšēh pl. -āt cliché
‫ ﻛﻠﻴﻢ‬kilīm pl. ‫ اﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬aklima kilim, carpet, rug (usually long and narrow)
1‫ ﻛـﻢ‬kam (interrogative and exclamatory particle with foll. noun in acc.)
how much? how many! how much! | ‫( ﻛـﻢ وﻟـﺪ ﻟـﻚ‬waladan) how many sons
do you have? ‫( ﻛـﻢ ﻣـﺮة‬marratan) or ‫ ﻛـﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﺮة‬how many times? how often?
how often! ‫( ﻛﻢ ﳊﺮي‬ḥarīy) how much more ...! how much rather ...! ‫ ﺑﻜﻢ‬for
how much? how much (is it)?
2‫ ﻛـﻢ‬kamm amount, quantity | ‫ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﺔ اﻟﻜـﻢ‬naẓariyat al-k. quantum theory
(phys.)
1361
‫ ﻛﻤﻲ‬kammī quantitative
‫ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬kammīya pl. -āt amount, quantity, magnitude
3‫ ﻛﻢ‬kamma u (kamm) to cover, cover up, conceal, hide, cloak (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
plug up, stop up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to muzzle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.) | ‫ﻓﻤـﻪ‬

‫( ﻛـﻢ‬famahū) to stop s.o.’s
mouth, silence s.o. II to muzzle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.); to muffle s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mouth; O to
spike (‫ ﻫـ‬a cannon); to provide with sleeves (‫ ﻫـ‬a garment) IV to provide with
sleeves (‫ ﻫـ‬a garment)
‫ ﻛﻢ‬kumm pl. ‫ اﻛﻤﺎم‬akmām, ‫ ﻛﻤﻤﺔ‬kimama sleeve
‫ ﻛـﻢ‬kimm pl. ‫ اﻛﻤـﺎم‬akmām, ‫ اﻛﻤـﺔ‬akimma, ‫ ﻛﻤـﺎم‬kimām, ‫ اﻛـﺎﻣﻴﻢ‬akāmīm2
calyx (bot.); perianth (bot.)
‫ ﻛﻤﺎم‬kimām muzzle
‫ ﻛﻤﺎﻣـﺔ‬kimāma pl. -āt, ‫ ﻛﻤـﺎﺋﻢ‬kamā’im2 muzzle; cloth for muffling the
mouth; mask; O gas mask; perianth, calyx
‫ ﻛﻢء‬kam’ pl. ‫ اﻛﻤﺆ‬akmu’ truffle; mushroom
Confidential
‫ ﻛﻤﺄة‬kam’a (pl.) truffles
‫ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ka-mā see ‫ ك‬ka
‫ ﻛﻤﺎن‬kamān violin, fiddle
‫ ﻛﻤﺎﳒﻲ‬kamānjī player of a ‫( ﻛﻤﻨﺠﺔ‬q.v.)
‫( ﻛﻤﺐ‬Engl.) kamb camp
‫( ﻛﻤﺒﻴﺎﻟﺔ‬It. cambiale) kambiyāla pl. -āt bill of exchange, draft
‫ ﻛﻤﱪﻳﺖ‬kambarīt batiste, cambric
‫( ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮ‬It. cambio) kambiyō exchange, money exchange; rate of exchange
‫ ﻛﻤﺖ‬kamata u (kamt) to suppress (‫ ﻫـ‬one’s anger)
‫ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ‬kumait (m. and f.) reddish-brown, chestnut, bay, maroon
‫ ﻛﻤﺜﺮى‬kummatrā (coll.; n. un. ‫ ﻛﻤﺜﺮاة‬kummatrāh pl. ‫ ﻛﻤﺜـﺮ ت‬kummatrayāt)
pear
‫ ﻛﻤﺢ‬kamaḥa a (kamḥ) to pull up, rein in (‫ ﻫـ‬an animal) IV do.
1‫ ﻛﻤـﺦ‬kamaka a (kamk) with ‫ﻧﻔـﻪ‬ bi-anfihī to turn up one’s nose, be
haughty IV = I
‫ ﻛﻤﺎخ‬kumāk pride, haughtiness, overweening, self-conceit
1362
2‫ ﻛـﺎﻣﺦ‬kāmak, kāmik pl. ‫ ﻛـﻮاﻣﺦ‬kawāmik2 vinegar sauce, pickle; (mixed)

pickles
3‫ ﻛﻤﺨﺎ‬kamkā silk fabric, damask
‫ ﻛﻤـﺪ‬kamida a (kamd) to be sad, grieved, distressed, heartsick; to be
smutty, swarthy, dull, flat (color); to fade, lose color, become discolored II
to apply a hot compress, a hot pack (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a limb) IV to sadden, grieve,
worry, make heartsick (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to become smutty, swarthy, dull, flat; to
darken, become dark (color)
‫ ﻛﻤــﺪ‬kamd, kamad and ‫ ﻛﻤــﺪة‬kumda dull, swarthy color; dullness,
duskiness, swarthiness; sadness, grief
‫ ﻛﻤﺪ‬kamid and ‫ ﻛﻤﻴﺪ‬kamld aad, grieved.
worried. heartaick; gloomy. dark
‫ ﻛﻤﺪ‬kimād and ‫ ﻛﻤﺎدة‬kimāda compress, pack
‫ اﻛﻤﺪ‬akmad2 dark-colored, blackish, swarthy
‫ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﺪ‬takmīd application of hot compresses, fomentation
‫ ﻛﺎﻣﺪ‬kāmid sad, grieved, worried, heartsick; gloomy, dark; swarthy, dark-
Confidential
colored
‫ ﻣﻜﻤﺪ‬mukammad and ‫ ﻣﻜﻤﺪة‬mukammada pl. -āt compress, pack
1‫ ﻛﻤﺮ‬kamar pl. ‫ اﻛﻤﺎر‬akmār belt
‫ ﻛﻤـﺮة‬kamara pl. -āt beam, girder, specif., iron girder; arm, jib | ‫ﻛﻤـﺮة ﲪﺎﻟـﺔ‬
(ḥammāla) and ‫( ﻛﻤـﺮة ﲢﻤﻴـﻞ ﻗﻀـﺒﺎن اﻟـﻮﻧﺶ‬quḍbān al-winš) beam, bridge (of a
traveling crane)
2‫ ﻣﻜﻤﻮر‬makmūr (eg.) dish of chopped meat and vegetables
‫( ﻛﻤﺮك‬syr.) gumrug pl. ‫ ﻛﻤﺎرك‬gamārig2 customs; customhouse

‫ ﻛﻤﺮﻛﻲ‬gumrugī customs-, tariff- (in compounds)
‫ ﻛﻤﺴـﺎري‬kumsārī pl. ‫ ﻛﻤﺴـﺎرﻳﺔ‬kumsārīya (eg.) (streetcar, railroad, etc.)
conductor
‫ ﻛﻤـﺶ‬kamaša u (kamš) to seize, grasp, grip, clutch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to become
wrinkled, to wrinkle; to shrink; to contract; to recoil within o.s. cower, quail
VII to become wrinkled, to wrinkle; to shrink; to contract; to tighten,
become cramped, be convulsed; to recoil within o.s., cower, quail; to
withdraw within o.s., become or be preoccupied with o.s. be self-absorbed;
1363
to collect one’s thoughts, gather one’s strength, concentrate (also with ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫)ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ ﻛﻤﺸﺔ‬kamša a handful
‫ ﻛﻤـﺶ‬kamiš, ‫ ﻛﻤـﻴﺶ‬kamīš adroit, skillful, skilled | ‫ ﻛﻤـﻴﺶ اﻹزار‬k. al-izār
do.; efficient, active, diligent, industrious
‫ ﻛﻤﺎﺷﺔ‬kammāša pl. -āt (pair) of pincers
‫ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬inkimāš absorption, preoccupation, self-absorption
‫ ﻣــﻨﻜﻤﺶ‬munkamiš shrunk; cramped, clenched, convulsed; absorbed,
preoccupied, self-absorbed, introverted
‫ ﻛﻤﻊ‬III to sleep (‫ ه‬with s.o.), embrace (‫ ه‬s.o.), have sexual intercourse (‫ه‬
with s.o.)
‫ ﻛﻤﻴﻊ‬kamī’ bedfellow
‫ ﻛﻤـﻞ‬kamala, kamula u and kamila a (‫ ﻛﻤـﺎل‬kamāl, ‫ ﻛﻤـﻮل‬kumūl) to be or
become whole, entire, integral, perfect, complete; to be finished, done,
completed, accomplished; to be concluded, come to a close II and IV to
finish, wind up, conclude, complete, consummate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to carry out,
Confidential
execute (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to perfect, round out, complement, supplement (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VI
and VIII to be perfect, consummate, integral, be or become complete,
finished, done, accomplished, concluded; to reach completion, fulfillment or
perfection, to mature, ripen; to be perfected X to complete (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
perfect (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to round out, complement, supplement (. s.th.); to carry out,
meet, fulfill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., conditions)
‫ ﻛﻤـﺎل‬kamāl pl. -āt perfection; completeness; completion, consummation,
conclusion, termination, windup; maturity, ripeness | ‫ ﺑﻜﻤﺎﻟـﻪ‬in its full scope,
completely, entirely, wholly, totally
‫ ﻛﻤﺎﱄ‬kamālī luxury, luxurious, de luxe; ‫ ﻛﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت‬luxuries; luxury
‫ ﻛﻤﺎﻟـﺔ‬kamāla (colloq.) that which fills up or completes a weight or
number, a complement; addition, supplement
‫ اﻛﻤـﻞ‬akmal 2 more complete, more perfect | ‫ ﻛﻤﻠـﻪ‬entirely, wholly,
totally; ‫ﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ﻟﻨﺪن‬all London
‫ ﺗﻜﻤﻴ ــﻞ‬takmīl completion, complementing, perfecting, perfection;
conclusion, termination, windup; consummation, execution
1364
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠ ـ ــﻲ‬ takmīlī completing, complementing, complementary,

supplementary | ‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬by-election
‫ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ‬takmila supplement, complement
‫ اﻛﻤ ــﺎل‬ikmāl completion, complementing, perfecting, perfection;
conclusion, termination; windup; consummation, execution
‫ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬takāmul integration; unification to a perfect whole | O ‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
integral calculus
‫ ﺗﻜـﺎﻣﻠﻲ‬takāmulī integrative; all-including and unifying to form a perfect
whole
‫ اﻛﺘﻤﺎل‬iktimāl completion; maturity, ripeness
‫ اﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎل‬istikmāl conclusion, termination, finishing
‫ ﻛﺎﻣــﻞ‬kāmil pl. ‫ ﻛﻤﻠــﺔ‬kamala perfect, consummate; genuine, sterling;
complete, full, plenary, full-strength; completed, concluded; whole, entire,
total, integral; name of a poetic meter; folio format (paper) | ‫ ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻠـﻪ‬wholly,
entirely, totally, altogether, in its entirety; O ‫( ﻟـﱭ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬laban) unskimmed,

full-bodied milk
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬mutakāmil perfect; integrative; complete, integral
‫ ﻛﻤـﻦ‬kamana u and kamina a (‫ ﻛﻤـﻮن‬kumūn) to hide; to be hidden,
concealed, latent; to have its secret seat (‫ ﰲ‬in); to ambush, waylay (‫ ل‬s.o.) V
to lie in wait (‫ ل‬for s.o.), ambush, waylay (‫ ل‬s.o.) X to hide, lie concealed
‫ ﻛﻤﻨﺔ‬kumna black cataract (med.)
‫ ﻛﻤﺎن‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﻤـﻮن‬kammūn cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.; bot.) | ‫ ﻛﻤـﻮن اﺳـﻮد‬black
caraway, black cumin (Nigella sativa L.; bot.); ‫( ﻛﻤـﻮن ﺑـﺮي‬barrī) do.; ‫ﻛﻤـﻮن‬
‫( ﺣﻠﻮ‬ḥulw) anise, aniseed
‫ ﻛﻤـﲔ‬kamīn pl. ‫ ﻛﻤﻨـﺎء‬kumanā’2 hidden, lying in ambush; ambush, secret
attack | ‫( دﺑﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﺎ‬dabbara) to hatch a plot; ‫ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﺎ‬to set a trap for s.o.
‫ ﻣﻜﻤــﻦ‬makman pl. ‫ ﻣﻜــﺎﻣﻦ‬makāmin2 place whore s.th. is hidden;

ambuscade;
ambush, hiding place | ‫ﻫﻨـﺎ ﻣﻜﻤـﻦ اﻟﺴـﺮ‬ hunā m. as-sirr that’s where the
secret lies
1365
‫ ﻛــﺎﻣﻦ‬kāmin hidden, concealed, latent; secret; pl. ‫ ﻛـﻮاﻣﻦ‬kawāmin2

underlying factors, hidden background, latent depths
‫ ﻛﻤﻨﺠـﺎ‬kamanjā and ‫ ﻛﻤﻨﺠـﺔ‬kamanja oriental stringed instrument having
one or two strings; (Western) violin, fiddle
‫ ﻛﻤﻪ‬kamah blindness (from birth)
‫ اﻛﻤﻪ‬akmah2, f. ‫ ﻛﻤﻬﺎء‬kamhā’2, pl. ‫ ﻛﻤﻪ‬kumh blind, born blind
‫ ﻛﻤﻲ‬kamīy pl. ‫ ﻛﻤﺎة‬kumāh, ‫ اﻛﻤﺎء‬akmā’ armed and ironclad, in full armor;
brave, valiant, courageous
‫( ﻛﻤﻴﻮن‬Fr. camion) kamiyōn pl. -āt truck, lorry
‫ ﻛـﻦ‬kanna u (kann, ‫ ﻛﻨـﻮن‬kunūn) to hide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to conceal, cover, cloak
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to shelter, ensconce, contain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to harbor (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ل‬friendship
toward); to calm down, subside, abate (wind) II to hide, conceal, secrete,
keep secret (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to calm, quiet, still, assuage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to hide,
conceal, secrete, keep secret (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII to be hidden, be concealed X to
be hidden, be concealed; to seek shelter; to lie comfortably, nestle, cuddle,
snuggle; to calm down
Confidential
‫ ﻛـﻦ‬kann, kinn pl. ‫ اﻛﻨـﺎن‬aknān, ‫ اﻛﻨـﺔ‬akinna place where one is sheltered;
cover, shelter, retreat, refuge; nest; home, house, hut; arbor, bower
‫ ﻛﻨﺔ‬kanna pl. ‫ ﻛﻨﺎﺋﻦ‬kanā’in2 daughter-in-law; sister-in-law
‫ ﻛﻨﺔ‬kinna shelter, cover, covering
‫ ﻛﻨﺔ‬kunna pl. -āt, ‫ ﻛﻨﺎن‬kinān shed roof, pent roof, awning
‫ ﻛﻨﺎن‬kinān pl. -āt akinna shed roof, pent roof, awning
‫ ﻛﻨﺎﻧـﺔ‬kināna pl. ‫ ﻛﻨـﺎﺋﻦ‬kanā’in2 quiver (for arrows) | ‫ ارض ﻛﻨﺎﻧـﺔ‬arḍ kināna,
‫ اﻟﻜﻨﺎﻧﺔ‬Egypt (land of the Kinana tribe)
‫ ﻛﺎﻧﻮن‬kānūn pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﻧﲔ‬kawānīn2 stove
‫ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮن‬kānūn: ‫ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮن اﻷول‬k. al-awwal December (Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.);
‫ ﻛﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬k. at-tānī January (Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.)
‫ ﻛﻨﲔ‬kanīn hidden, concealed; well-kept
‫ ﻣﻜﻨﻮن‬maknūn hidden, concealed; well-kept; hidden content
1‫ ﻛﻨﺎر‬kanār edge, rim, border, fringe, hem, selvage
2‫ ﻛﻨﺎري‬kanārī canary
1366
1‫ ﻛﻨﺐ‬kanab callocity, callus
‫ ﻛﻨﺐ‬kanib and ‫ ﻣﻜﻨﺐ‬muknib callous (skin)

2‫ ﻛﻨﺒﻪ‬or ‫( ﻛﻨﺒﻴﻪ‬Fr. canapé) kanabēh pl. -āt sofa
‫ اﻟﻜﻨﺞ‬al-kunj the Congo

‫ ﻛﻨﺠﺮو‬kangarū kangaroo (eg.)
1‫ ﻛﻨﻮد‬kunūd ingratitude
‫ ﻛﻨﻮد‬kanūd ungrateful
2‫ ﻛﻨﺪا‬kanadā Canada
‫ ﻛﻨﺪي‬kanadī Canadian
1‫ ﻛﻨﺪر‬kundur frankincense
2‫ ﻛﻨﺪرة‬kundura pl. ‫ ﻛﻨﺎدر‬kanādir2 (syr.) (Western-style) shoe
‫ ﻛﻨﺪش‬kunduš magpie
‫ ﻛﻨﺎر‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﻨـﺰ‬kanaza i (kanz) to bury (‫ ﰲ اﻷرض‬in the ground, ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a treasure); to pile
Confidential
up, heap up, lay up, accumulate, amass, collect, gather, save, hoard (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
VIII to be firm, compact, sturdy, strapping; to accumulate, amass, gather (‫ﻫ ـ‬
money, treasures); to hide (‫ ﻫـ‬money, treasures)

‫ ﻛﻨﺰ‬kanz pl. ‫ ﻛﻨﻮز‬kunūz treasure
‫ ﻛﻨﺰ‬kaniz firm, compact (flesh); sturdy, strapping (body)
‫ اﻛﺘﻨـﺎز‬iktināz strong, sturdy build, sturdiness, compactness, stoutness (of
the body)
‫ ﻣﻜﺘﻨﺰ‬muktaniz firm, compact (flesh); sturdy (body); compressed, pinched
(lips); massive, strong; -- muktanaz accumulated, amassed; hidden, buried
‫ ﻛﻨﺲ‬kanasa u (kans) to sweep (‫ ﻫـ‬the house) II do.
‫ ﻛﻨﺲ‬kans sweeping, cleaning
‫ اﻟﻜﻨﺴـﺔ‬al-kansa visit of the ulema to the tomb of the Imam al-Shāfi‘ī
where they sweep away the dust
‫ ﻛﻨﺎس‬kannās sweeper; street sweeper, street cleaner
‫ ﻛﻨﺎﺳﺔ‬kunāsa sweepings, refuse, garbage, offal
‫ ﻛﻨﻴﺲ‬kanīs nose bag
‫ ﻛﻨﻴﺲ‬kanīs synagogue
1367
‫ ﻛﻨﻴﺴﺔ‬kanīsa pl. ‫ ﻛﻨﺎﺋﺲ‬kanā’is2 church (Chr.); synagogue, temple (Jud.)

‫ ﻛﻨﺴﻲ‬kanasī and ‫ ﻛﻨﺎﺋﺴﻲ‬kanā’isī ecclesiastic(al); clerical
‫ ﻣﻜﻨﺴـﺔ‬miknasa pl. ‫ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﺲ‬makānis2 broom; O sweeper, street sweeper
(machine) | ‫ﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫( ﻣﻜﻨﺴﺔ ﻛﻬﺮ‬kahrabā’īya) vacuum cleaner
‫ ﻣﻜﻨﺎس‬miknās2, ‫ ﻣﻜﻨﺎﺳﺔ‬miknāsa2 Meknes (city in N Morocco)
‫ ﻛﻨﺎش‬kunnāš, ‫ ﻛﻨﺎﺷﺔ‬kunnāša scrapbook; ‫ ﻛﻨﺎﺷﺎت‬fundamentals, principles
‫( ﻛﻨﺼﻮل‬Fr. console) kunṣōl pl. -āt console
‫ ﻛﻨﻌﺎن‬kan‘ān Canaan
‫ ﻛﻨﻐﺮ‬kangar kangaroo
‫ ﻛﻨﻒ‬kanafa u (kanf) to guard, protect (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fence in, hedge, provide
with an enclosure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to surround (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); to help, assist (‫ه‬
s.o.) III and IV to shelter, protect, help, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to surround (on
both sides), enclose, embrace (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻛﻨـﻒ‬kanaf pl. ‫ اﻛﻨـﺎف‬aknāf side, flank; wing; shadow, shelter, pale, fold;
Confidential
bosom | ‫ ﰲ ﻛﻨـﻒ‬under cover of ..., in an atmosphere of ...; ‫اﻛﻨﺎﻓـﻪ‬
protection, under his sponsorship
‫ ﰲ‬under his
‫ ﻛﻨﺎﻓﺔ‬kunāfa pl. -āt vermicelli baked in sugar, melted butter and honey
‫ ﻛﻨﻴﻒ‬kanīf pl. ‫ ﻛﻨﻒ‬kunuf water closet, toilet; public lavatory
‫ ﻣﻜﺘﻨﻒ‬muktanaf surrounded, enclosed (‫ ب‬by)
‫( ﻛﻨﻔﺎش‬Engl.) kanfāš canvas
‫ ﻛﻨﻜﺔ‬kanaka (= ‫ ﺗﻨﻜﺔ‬eg.) pl. -āt coffee pot
1‫ ﻛـﻨﻜﻦ‬kankana to stay at home; to settle down, make o.s. at home; to
nestle, snuggle, cuddle up
2‫ ﻛﻨﻜﻴﻨﺎ‬kanakīnā quinine
‫ ﻛﻨـﻪ‬VIII to fathom, probe, sound, investigate, explore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look (‫ﻫ ـ‬

into
s.th.); to get to the bottom (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to understand thoroughly, grasp in
its entirety (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to seek to explore or find out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fathom,

discover, find out, grasp, understand (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1368
‫ ﻛﻨـﻪ‬kunh utmost degree, extreme; core, essence, substance, true nature,

essential being | ‫ ﻳﻌﺮﻓـﻪ ﻛﻨـﻪ اﳌﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬ya‘rifuhū kunha l-ma‘rifa he understands it
most thoroughly, he grasps its very essence
‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻬﺎت‬takannuhāt = ‫ﺗﻜﻬﻨﺎت‬
‫ اﻛﺘﻨﺎﻩ‬iktināh and ‫ اﺳﺘﻜﻨﺎﻩ‬istiknāh fathoming, penetration, exploration
‫ ﻛﻨﻬﻮر‬kanahwar cumuli
‫ )ﻛﻨــﻮ‬and ‫ ﻛﻨــﺎ )ﻛــﲏ‬kanā u and ‫ ﻛــﲎ‬kanā i (‫ ﻛﻨﺎﻳــﺔ‬kināya) to use
metonymically ( ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. for); to allude (‫ ﻋﻦ ب‬with s.th. to); -- ‫ ﻛﲎ‬kanā i
(‫ ﻛﻨﻴـﺔ‬kunya) and II to call (‫ ه‬s.o.) by the surname of (‫ )ب‬V and VIII to be
known by the surname of (‫)ب‬, call o.s. by the surname of (‫)ب‬
‫ ﻛﻨﻴـﺔ‬kunya pl. ‫ ﻛـﲎ‬kunan surname, agnomen (consisting of abū or umm

followed by the name of the son)
‫ ﻛﻨﺎﻳـﺔ‬kināya indirect expression, metonymy; allusion; indirect declaration
of (legal) intent (Isl. Law) | ‫ﻟﻜﻨﺎﻳـﺔ‬ indirect, not clear and unequivocal (as
Confidential
opposed to ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ(; ﻫﻮ ﻛﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬it is tantamount to ..., it means ..., it stands for
..., it consists in ...; ‫ ﻛﻨﺎﻳـﺔ ﻋـﻦ‬kināyatan ‘an tantamount to; in lieu of, instead
of
‫ ﻣﻜﲏ ﻋﻨﻪ‬maknīy ‘anhu metonymically expressed
‫ ﻣﻜﲎ‬mukannan surnamed
‫ ﻛﻬــﺮب‬kahraba to electrify, electrize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to ionize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II
takahraba to be electrified, be electrized, become electric; to be charged
with electricity; to be ionized
‫ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺔ‬kahraba electrization, electrification; electricity
‫ ﻛﻬﺮب‬kahrab pl. ‫ ﻛﻬﺎرب‬kahārib2 electron
‫ ﻛﻬﲑب‬kuhairib pl. -āt electron
‫ ﻛﻬــﲑﰊ‬kuhairibī electronic, electron- (in compounds) | ‫ا ﻬــﺮ اﻟﻜﻬــﲑﰊ‬
(mijhar) electron microscope
‫ ﻛﻬﺎرﰊ‬kahāribī electronic, electron- (in compounds)
‫ ﻛﻬـﺮ ء‬kahrabā’ and ‫ ﻛﻬـﺮ‬kahrabā amber; electricity; ‫( اﻟﻜﻬـﺮ ء‬eg.) the
street-car, the trolley
1369
‫ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ‬kahrabā’ī and ‫ ﻛﻬـﺮﰊ‬kahrabī electric(al); electrician | ‫ﺗﻴـﺎر ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ‬

(ṭayyār) electric current; ‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋﻴـﺔ‬storage battery, secondary battery,
accumulator; ‫( ﻣﺼـﺒﺎح ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ‬miṣbāḥ) electric lamp, lightbulb; ‫ﻋـﻼج ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ‬
diathermy; ‫ ﻋ ــﺎﱂ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋ ــﻲ‬electrophysicist; ‫( ﻣﻐﻨﻄ ــﻴﺲ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋ ــﻲ‬magnaṭīs)
electromagnet; ‫ ﻣﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴـﻴﺔ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋﻴـﺔ‬electromagnetism; ‫( ﻧـﻮر ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ‬nūr) electric
light
‫ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋﻴﺔ‬kahrabā’īya and ‫ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬kahrabīya electricity
‫ ﻣﻜﻬ ــﺮب‬mukahrab electrically charged, electrized, electrified; O
electrically conductive, conducting, ionized; O electrically ignited, provided
with electric ignition
‫ ﻛﻬﺮﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬kahraṭīsī electromagnetic
‫ ﻛﻬﺮﻣﺎن‬kahramān amber
‫ ﻛﻬﻒ‬kahf pl. ‫ ﻛﻬﻮف‬kuhūf cave, cavern; depression, hollow, cavity | ‫ﻛﻬﻒ‬
‫( رﺋـﻮي‬ri’awī) pulmonary abscess, vomica (med.); ‫ اﺻـﺤﺎب اﻟﻜﻬـﻒ‬the Seven
Sleepers
Confidential
‫ ﻛﻬـﻞ‬kahala a (‫ ﻛﻬـﻮل‬kuhūl), kahula u (‫ ﻛﻬﻮﻟـﺔ‬kuhūla) and VIII to be
middle-aged, be at the height of one’s life
‫ ﻛﻬـﻞ‬kahl pl. ‫ ﻛﻬـﻞ‬kuhhal, ‫ ﻛﻬـﺎل‬kihāl, ‫ ﻛﻬـﻮل‬kuhūl, ‫ ﻛﻬـﻼن‬kuhlān middle-
aged, man of mature age
‫ ﻛﻬﻞ‬kuhūla maturity of age
‫ ﻛﺎﻫـﻞ‬kāhil pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﻫـﻞ‬kawāhil2 upper part of the back; withers | ‫ﺛﻘـﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﻠـﻪ‬
taqqala kāhilahū to load, burden, encumber s.o. or s.th., e.g., ‫ﺛﻘـﻞ ﻛﺎﻫـﻞ اﳌﻴـﺰان‬
(k. al-mīzān) to burden the budget; ‫( ﲣﻔﻴــﻒ اﻟﻌــﺐء ﻋــﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﻠــﻪ‬t. al-‘ib’)
unburdening, disencumbrance of s.o. or s.th.
‫ ﻛﻬﺎﻣﺔ‬kahāma dullness, bluntness; lassitude languor, weakness
1‫ ﻛﻬﻦ‬kahana a u (‫ ﻛﻬﺎﻧﺔ‬kahāna) to predict the future, tell the fortune (‫ ل‬of
s.o.), prophesy (‫ ل‬to s.o.) V to predict, foretell, presage, prophesy (‫ ب‬s.th.)

‫ ﻛﻬﺎﻧﺔ‬kahāna prediction; prophecy
‫ ﻛﻬﺎﻧﺔ‬kihāna divination, soothsaying, fortunetelling
‫ ﻛﻬﻨﻮت‬kahnūt, kahanūt priesthood | ‫ رﺟﺎل اﻟﻜﻬﻨﻮت‬the clergy, the ministry
‫ ﻛﻬﻨﻮﰐ‬kahanūtī priestly, sacerdotal, ministerial, clerical, ecclesiastic(al)
1370
‫ ﻣﻜﻬﻦ‬makhan (place of an) oracle

‫ ﺗﻜﻬﻦ‬takahhun pl. -āt prediction, prophecy; conjecture, surmise
‫ ﻛــﺎﻫﻦ‬kāhin pl. ‫ ﻛﻬــﺎن‬kuhhān, ‫ ﻛﻬﻨــﺔ‬kahana diviner, soothsayer,
prognosticator, fortuneteller; priest ‫اﻟﻜﻬﻨﺔ‬ ‫ رﺋﻴﺲ‬and ‫ ﻛﺒﲑ اﻟﻜﻬﻨﺔ‬high priest
‫ ﻣﺘﻜﻬﻦ‬mutakahhin diviner, soothsayer, prognosticator, fortuneteller
2‫ ﻛﻬﻨﺔ‬kuhna rags, shreds, scrap, junk; ragged, tattered
‫ ﻛﻬﻨﺠﻲ‬kuhnajī ragman, rag picker
‫ ﻛﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬kihāya administrative district in Tunisia
‫ ﻛﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬kāhiya pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﻩ‬kawāhin chief officer of a ‫ ;ﻛﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬deputy, vice-, under-
, sub- (Tun.)
‫ ﻛـﻮة‬kūwa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻛـﻮى‬kuwan, ‫ ﻛـﻮاء‬kiwā’ aperture; small window, attic
window, skylight; peephole
‫ ﻛﻮاﻟﻴﲏ‬kawālīnī pl. -ya locksmith
‫ ﻛﻮب‬kūb pl. ‫ اﻛﻮاب‬akwāb drinking glass, tumbler, (ir.) cup
‫ ﻛﻮﺑﺔ‬kūba drinking glass, tumbler; hearts (in a deck of cards)
Confidential
‫( ﻛﻮﺑﺮﺗﻪ‬It. coperta) kūbarta deck (of a ship)
‫( ﻛﻮﺑﺮي‬Turk. köprü) kūbrī pl. ‫ ﻛﺒﺎري‬kabārī bridge (eg.)
‫( ﻛﻮﺑﻨﻬﺎج‬Fr. Copenhague) Copenhagen
‫ ﻛﻮﺑﻨﻬﺎﺟﻦ‬kōbinhāgin Copenhagen
‫( ﻛﻮﺑﻴـﺎ‬It. copia) kōbiyā copy | ‫ ﻗﻠـﻢ ﻛﻮﺑﻴـﺎ‬qalam k. copying pencil, indelible
pencil
‫( ﻛﻮﺑﻴﻞ‬Engl. cobble) cobbled pavement, cobblestones
‫( ﻛﻮﺑﻴﻪ‬It. copia) kōbiya copy
‫ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‬al-kuwait Kuwait
‫( ﻛﻮﺗﺮ‬Engl. cutter) kōtar pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﺗﺮ‬kawātir2 (eg.) cutter, yawl
‫ ﻛﻮﺛﺔ‬kauta fertility; abundance, profusion
‫ ﻛـﻮﺛﺮ‬kautar much, ample, abundant, plentiful, large quantity; ‫ اﻟﻜـﻮﺛﺮ‬al-
kautar name of a river in Paradise
‫ ﻛﻮﺛﻞ‬kautal stern (of a ship)
‫ ﻣﻜﻮﺟﻲ‬see 1‫ﻛﻮى‬
2‫ ﻛﻮخ‬kūk pl. ‫ اﻛﻮاخ‬akwāk hut
1371
2‫ ﻛﺎﺧﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
1‫)ﻛـﻮد‬ ‫ )ﻛـﺎد‬kāda (1st pers. perf. kidtu) imperf. ‫ ﻳﻜـﺎد‬yakādu to be on the

point (‫ ان‬of doing s.th.), be about (‫ ان‬to do s.th.), (with imperf.) it wouldn’t
have taken much more ..., he (it) all but ..., he (would have) almost ... | ‫ﻛـﺎد‬
‫ ﳝـﻮت‬he almost died; ‫ ﻛـﺪت اذﻫـﺐ‬kidtu adhabu I almost went; ‫ﻳﻜـﺎد ﻳﻜـﻮن ﰲ‬
‫( ﺣﻜـﻢ اﻟﻌـﺪم‬ḥukmi l-’adam) it is almost as good as nonexistent; (with neg.
corresponding to Engl. “hardly, scarcely, barely; no sooner ..., as soon as
...”:) ‫ﻳﻘـﻮم‬
‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺎد‬no sooner had he got up ...; ‫( ﻻ ﺗﻜـﺎد ﺗـﺮى‬tarā) you will hardly
ever see, or, you barely see, or, the moment you see …; ‫ ﱂ ﻳﻜـﺪ ﻳﺮاﻫـﺎ‬lam
yakad yarāhā no sooner had he seen her, the moment he saw her; – ‫ﱂ ﻳﻜـﺪ‬
‫ ﺣـﱴ‬and ‫ ﺣـﱴ‬-- ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺎد‬no sooner – than, as soon as he -- he ..., the moment
he – he …
‫ ﻛﺎد‬kād: ‫ ﻟﻜﺎد‬almost, nearly; see also alphabetically
2‫ ﻛﻮد‬II to heap up, pile up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﻛﻮدة‬kauda pl. ‫ اﻛﻮاد‬akwād heap, pile
3‫زار‬ ‫( ﻛﻮدﻳﺔ‬eg.) kudyit zār woman leader of the Zar ritual
1‫ ﻛـﻮر‬II to roll, roll up, coil, roll into a ball (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), to wind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
turban); to make round, ball-shaped (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to clench (‫ ﻗﺒﻀـﺘﻪ‬qabḍatahū

one’s list) V to become round, be or become ball-shaped, globular,
spherical, to curl up (in a lying position); to conglomerate, form or gather
into a ball
‫ ﻛـﻮر‬kūr pl. ‫ اﻛـﻮار‬akwār, ‫ اﻛـﻮر‬akwur, ‫ ﻛـﲑان‬kīrān camel saddle; forge,
furnace, smelting furnace, bellows
‫ ﻛـﻮرة‬kūra pl. ‫ ﻛـﻮر‬kuwar district, rural district, small town, village, ball (=
‫)ﻛﺮة‬
‫ ﻛﻮرى‬see below, alphabetically
‫ ﻛﻮارة‬kuwāra pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﺋﺮ‬kawā’ir2 beehive
‫ ﻛﻮروي‬kūrawī ball-shaped, globular, spherical
‫ ﻣﻜﻮر‬mikwar and ‫ ﻣﻜﻮرة‬mikwara turban
‫ ﻣﻜﻮر‬mukawwar ball-shaped, globular, round
2‫ ﻛﺎر‬look up alphabetically
1372
‫ ﻟﻜﻮرﺟﺔ‬bi-l-kauraja in the bulk, wholesale, in the lump

‫( ﻛﻮردون‬Fr. cordon) kordōn pl. -āt cordon; ribbon, braid, lace, trimming
‫( ﻛﻮرس‬Engl.) kōras chorus (also fig.); choir
‫( ﻛﻮرﺳﻴﻪ‬Fr. corset) korsēh pl. ‫ ﻛﻮرﺳﻴﻬﺎت‬korsēhāt corset
‫ ﻛﻮرﻳﻚ‬,‫( ﻛﻮرك‬Turk. kürek) kūrēk forced labor (eg.)
‫( ﻛﻮرﻧﻴﺶ‬Fr. corniche) see ‫ﻛﺮﻧﻴﺶ‬
‫ ﻛﻮرر‬kōriyā Korea
‫ ﻛﻮري‬kōrī Korean
‫ ﻛﻮرﻳﻚ‬see ‫ ﻛﺮﻳﻚ‬and ‫ﻛﻮرك‬
‫ ﻛﻮز‬kūz pl. ‫ اﻛﻮاز‬akwāz, ‫ ﻛﻴﺰان‬kīzān small jug of clay or tin; mug, tankard |
‫ ﻛﻮز اﻟﺬرة‬k. ad-dura (eg.) corncob
1‫ ﻛﻮس‬kūs pl. -āt small drum
2‫ ﻛﺎس‬kās pl. ‫ اﻛﻮاس‬akwās = ‫ﻛﺄس‬
3‫ ﻛﻮﻳﺲ‬kuwayyis (eg.) nice, fine, pretty, comely, handsome, beautiful
Confidential
‫ اﻛﻮس‬akwas2 more beautiful, prettier, nicer
‫ ﻛﻮﺳـﺎ‬or ‫ ﻛﻮﺳـﻰ‬kūsā (coll.; n. un. ‫ ﻛﻮﺳـﺎة‬kūsāh, ‫ ﻛﻮﺳـﺎﻳﺔ‬kūsāya) (eg., syr.)
zucchini; see also under ‫ﻛﻴﺲ‬
‫ ﻛﻮﺳﺞ‬kausaj swordfish (Xiphias gladius)
‫ ﻛﻮﺷﺔ‬kūša pl. ‫ ﻛﻮش‬kuwaš kiln (specif., limekiln)
‫ ﻛـﻮع‬kū’ and ‫ ﻛـﺎع‬kā’ pl. ‫ اﻛـﻮاع‬akwā’, ‫ ﻛﻴﻌـﺎن‬kī’ān projecting carpal end of
the radius, wristbone; elbow (anat.); kū’ elbow, angle, bend (of a pipe);
curve, turn, bend (of a road) | ‫ ﻛـﻮع اﳌﺎﺳـﻮرة‬kneepiece or elbow of a pipe; ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻌـﺮف اﻟﻜــﻮع ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺒـﻮع‬ (ya’rifu) he doesn’t know his knee from his elbow
(proverbially of a stupid person)
‫ ﻛﻮف‬V to band together, throng together, gather in a crowd
‫ اﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‬al-kūfa Kufa (town in Iraq)
‫ ﻛﻮﰲ‬kūfī Kufic; Kufic writing; ‫ اﻟﻜﻮﻓﻴﻮن‬the Kufic (school of) grammarians
‫ ﻛﻮﻓﻴـﺔ‬kūfīya pl. -āt kaffiyeh, square kerchief diagonally folded and worn
under the ‘iqāl as a headdress
‫( ﻛﻮك‬Engl.) kōk coke
1373
‫ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ‬kaukab pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﻛـﺐ‬kawākib2 star (also, fig., of screen, stage, etc.);

leucoma, white opacity in the cornea of the eye | ‫( ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ ﺳـﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲ‬sīnamā’ī)
film star
‫ ﻛﻮﻛﺒـﺔ‬kaukaba star; group, troop, party; (pl. ‫ ﻛﻮاﻛـﺐ‬kawākib2) (Syr.; mil.)
squadron (of armored units, of cavalry)
‫ ﻛـﻮﻛﱯ‬kaukabī star-shaped, stelliform, starlike, stellular, stellate, stellar;
starry, starred; astral
‫ ﻛﻮﻛﺘﻴﻞ‬koktēl cocktail
‫ ﻛﻮﻻن‬kaulān, kūlān papyrus (Cyperus papyrus; bot.)
‫ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﻮ‬kolombō Colombo (capital of Ceylon)
‫ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﻴﺎ‬kolombiyā Colombia
‫ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎ‬kolōniyā Cologne; Eau de Cologne
‫( ﻛﻮﻟﲑا‬Fr. choléra) kōlīrā cholera
‫ ﻛـﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬kūlīs pl. ‫ ﻛـﻮاﻟﻴﺲ‬kawālīs2 side scene, coulisse, backdrop | ‫وراء‬
‫ اﻟﻜﻮاﻟﻴﺲ‬behind the scene, backstage (also fig.)
Confidential
‫ ﻛﻮاﻟﲔ‬pl. of ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻮن‬, which see (alphabetically); ‫ ﻛﻮاﻟﻴﲏ‬ibid.
‫ ﻛـﻮم‬II to heap, pile up, stack up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be piled up; to pile up; to
accumulate; to sink to the ground, crumple, collapse in a heap
‫ ﻛـﻮم‬kaum pl. ‫ اﻛـﻮام‬akwām, ‫ ﻛﻴﻤـﺎن‬kīmān heap, pile; hill; pl. ‫ ﻛﻴﻤـﺎن‬kīmān
esp. garbage piles, refuse dump
‫ ﻛﻮﻣﺔ‬kauma, kūma pl. -āt, ‫ ﻛﻮم‬kuwam, ‫ اﻛﻮام‬akwām heap, pile; mass | ‫ﻛﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ اﳊﻄﺐ‬k. al-ḥaṭab pyre, stake
‫ ﻛﻮﻣﺎﻧﺪان‬kom6ndan commBndant, commander
‫ ﻛﻮﻣﺴﺎري‬see ‫ﻛﻤﺴﺎري‬
‫ ﻛﻮﻣﺴﻴﻮﺟﻲ‬kūmisyōjī commission merchant
‫( ﻛﻮﻣﻮدﻳﻨﻮ‬It. coomidino) komudīnū bedside table
‫ ﻛﻮﻣﻴﺪ‬kōmīdiyā comedy
1‫)ﻛـﻮن‬ ‫ )ﻛـﺎن‬kāna u (kaun, ‫ ﻛﻴـﺎن‬kiyān, ‫ ﻛﻴﻨﻮﻧـﺔ‬kainīna) to be; to exist; to
happen, occur, take place; with acc. of the predicate: to be s.th.; with foll.
perf. denoting the pluperfect; with foll. imperf. expressing duration in the
past = Engl. progressive past: was doing (often corresponding to Engl. “used
to ...”, “would ...”); with ‫ل‬: to belong to, be one’s own (‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ‬he had or
1374
owned a house); with ‫ ل‬and s.th.: to be the right man for, be qualified for;
with ‫ﻣـﻦ‬: to belong to, pertain to; with ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬: to be incumbent on, be the duty
of; with ‫اﱃ‬: to be assigned to, be the lot or share of, be left to, be due (s.o.) |
‫ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜـﻮن‬foll. the elative: ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ اﰎ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻜـﻮن‬atammi) in the moat perfect manner
conceivable, as perfect(ly) as possible; ‫( اﻗﻮاﳍﻢ اﻗﺮب ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜـﻮن اﱃ اﻟﺼـﻮاب‬ṣawāb)
what they said came quite close to the truth: ‫( ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ل‬lam yakun) or ‫ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ل‬
(with foll. subjunctive) he is (or was) not the right man for, he was not
capable of, he was not in a position to ...; it is (or was) not apt to ...; ‫ﱂ ﻳﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺼـﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ان‬ (li-yaṣ’uba) it wouldn’t have been difficult for him to …,
there was no reason why he couldn’t have ...; ‫ان‬ ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻣﻨـﻪ اﻻ‬or ‫( )ﱂ ﻳﻜـﻦ‬illā
an) he had no other choice but to ..., there was nothing for him to do but to
...; he did no more than ...; ‫ان‬ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ‬it is (or was) impossible for him to ...;
he is (or was) unable to ...; ‫ﺧـﱪ ﻛـﺎن‬ ‫ اﺻـﺒﺢ ﰲ‬aṣbaḥa fī kabari k. to disappear,
become dated, belong to the past; ‫ ﻛــﺎن وﻛــﺎن‬a popular form of poem
Confidential
consisting of quatrains II to make, create, produce, originate, bring forth,
bring into being, form, shape, fashion (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to be created, be formed; to
come into existence, form, arise, develop; to consist, be composed, be made
up (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), be formed (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by) X to become lowly, humble, miserable; to
submit, yield, surrender, humble o.s., abase o.s., eat humble pie; to abandon
o.s., give o.s. over (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.)
‫ ﻛــﻮن‬kaun pl. ‫ اﻛـﻮان‬akwān being, esse; existence; event, occurrence,
incident; ‫ اﻟﻜـﻮن‬the existent, the existing, reality; the world; the cosmos, the
universe | ‫اﻟﻜـﻮن اﻷﻋﻠـﻰ‬ (a‘lā) the Supreme Being, God; with foll. genit. or
suffix of the logical subject and acc. of the predicate: the fact that s.o. or
s.th. is ..., ‫ ﻟﻜﻮﻧـﻪ ﳎﻨـﻮ‬li-kaunihī majnūnan because he is mad, ‫ﻣـﻊ ﻛﻮﻧـﻪ ﳎﻨـﻮ‬
although he is mad
‫ ﻛـﻮﱐ‬kaunī of or relating to the universe or cosmos, universal, cosmic,
cosmo- (in compounds) | O ‫اﻷﺷــﻌﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴـﺔ‬ (aši‘‘a) cosmic rays; ‫ﻧﻈـﺎم ﻛـﻮﱐ‬
cosmic system
‫ ﻛﻴﺎن‬kiyān being, esse; existence; essence, substance; nature
‫ اﻟﻴﻜﻮن‬al-yakūn the sum total
1375
‫ ﻣﻜﺎن‬makān pl. ‫ اﻣﻜﻨـﺔ‬amkina, ‫ اﻣـﺎﻛﻦ‬amākin2 place where one is or stands;

place, site, spot, location; passage (in a book); locality, locale; seat, place
(e.g., in a railroad compartment); position, standing, rank, dignity;
importance, consequence, weight; space (philos.); presence; situation,
conditions, circumstances; ‫ ﻣﻜﺎن‬makāna in the place of, in lieu of, instead of
| ‫ ﻟـﻮ ﻛﻨـﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﻚ‬lau kuntu makānaka if I were in your place, if I were you;
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﻪ‬ makānahū on the spot, at once; ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﻚ‬makānak stop! ‫ﰲ ﻛـﻞ ﻣﻜـﺎن‬
everywhere; ‫( اﺧﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎ‬aklā) to make room; ‫( اﺣﺘﻞ ﻣﻜﺎ ﻣﻜﻴﻨﺎ‬ihtalla) to have
or hold a strong, powerful position; ‫( ﻫــﻮ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺸــﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﲟﻜــﺎن‬šajā‘a) he is
extremely brave; ‫( ذﻟـﻚ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﳘﻴـﺔ ﲟﻜـﺎن‬ahammīyah) that is of considerable
importance; ‫( ﻫﺎﺗـﻪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻀـﻌﻒ ﲟﻜـﺎن‬naẓarīya, ḍu‘f) this theory is rather
weak; ‫( ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺸﻲء ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsihī) the importance of s.th. for s.o., the place
that s.th. has in s.o.’s mind; ‫ ﻣﻜـﺎن اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬site of action, scene of the crime,
locus delicti; ‫ﻇــﺮف اﳌﻜــﺎن‬ ẓarf al-m. adverb of place (gram.); ‫اﻣــﺎﻛﻦ وﻋـﺮة‬
Confidential
(wa‘ra) difficult terrain, rugged country
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﺔ‬makāna pl. -āt place; location, situation; position, office; standing,
authority, influence, rank, dignity | ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧــﺔ اﻟﺼــﺪر‬ m. aṣ-ṣadr first place,
precedence, priority
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﱐ‬makānī local
‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬makānīya spatiality (philos.)
‫ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬takwīn forming, shaping, formation, creation, origination; (pl. ‫ﺗﻜﺎوﻳﻦ‬
takāwīn2) formation (of rock; geol.) | ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﲨﻴﻞ‬well-shaped, shapely; ‫ﺳﻔﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬sifr at-t. the Genesis
‫ ﺗﻜــﻮن‬takawwun genesis, birth, nascency, origin, incipience, rise,
development; formation
‫ اﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﺔ‬istikāna yielding, submission, resignation, passivity
‫ ﻛـﺎﺋﻦ‬kā’in being; existing, existent; situated, located; a being, entity,
creature, creation; (pl. -āt) thing; s.th. existing, an existent | ‫اﻟﻜـﺎﺋﻦ اﳌﻄﻠـﻖ‬
(muṭlaq) the Absolute Being, God; ‫ اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨـﺎت‬the created things, the universe,
the world; ‫( ﻛﺎﺋﻨـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﺎن‬man) whoever it may be; ‫ ﻛﺎﺋﻨـﺎ ﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺎن‬be it what it
may, whatever it may be
1376
‫ ﻣﻜــﻮن‬mukawwin creator; -- mukawwan made, created; consisting,

composed, made up (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of), formed (‫ ﻣﻦ‬by)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻜﲔ‬mustakīn humiliated, oppressed, resigned, submissive
2‫ ﻛﻴﻮان‬look up alphabetically
‫( ﻛﻮﻧﱰاﺗﻮ‬It. contratto) kontrātō agreement, accord, treaty, contract
‫( ﻛﻮﻧﻜﺮداﺗـﻮ‬It. concordato) konkurdātō settlement, composition (between
debtor and creditors)
‫ ﻛﻮﻧﻴﺎك‬konyāk cognac
‫ ﻣﻜﻮﻩ‬for ‫ ﻣﻜﻮى‬see 1‫ﻛﻮى‬
1‫ ﻛـﻮى‬kawā i (‫ ﻛـﻲ‬kayy) to burn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to sear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cauterize,
treat with a cautery (‫ ه‬s.o.; med.); to brand (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bite, burn (acid); to
sting (scorpion); to press, iron (‫ ﻫـ‬laundry, and the like) VIII to be burned, be
seared; to be cauterized; to be pressed, be ironed; to burn o.s., burn one’s
skin
‫ ﻛـﻲ‬kayy burning; cauterization, cautery; pressing, ironing | ‫ﺣﺠـﺮ اﻟﻜـﻲ‬
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ḥajar al-k. lunar caustic, silver nitrate; O ‫ﺋﻲ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﺔ‬kayya a burn, a brand
‫( اﻟﻜﻲ اﻟﻜﻬﺮ‬kahrabā’ī) diathermy
‫ ﻛﻮاء‬kawwā’ slanderer, calumniator; ironer, presser

‫ ﻛﻮاﻳﺔ‬kawwāya ironing woman, ironer
‫ ﻛﻮﻳﺔ‬kawīya (syr.) press, crease (in trousers)
‫ ﻣﻜـﻮاة‬mikwāh and ‫ ﻣﻜـﻮى‬makwan pl. ‫ ﻣﻜـﺎو‬makāwin flatiron; hot iron (for
cauterizing), cautery (med.) | ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﻜﻮاة‬m. aš-ša‘r curling iron
‫ ﻣﻜﻮى‬makwan ironing establishment
‫ ﻣﻜﻮﺟﻲ‬makwajī ironer, presser; laundryman
‫ ﻛﺎو‬kāwin caustic
2‫ ﻛﻮى‬kuwan see ‫ﻛﻮة‬
1‫ ﻛـﻲ‬kai, ‫ ﻟﻜـﻲ‬li-kai so that, in order that, in order to | ‫ ﻛـﻲ ﻻ‬and ‫ ﻟﻜـﻲ ﻻ‬in
order not to, lest
‫ ﻛﻴﻤﺎ‬kai-mā, ‫ ﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎ‬li-kai-mā that, so that, in order that, in order to
2‫ ﻛﻲ‬kayy and ‫ ﻛﻴﺔ‬kayya see 1‫ﻛﻮى‬
1‫ ﻛﻴﺖ‬kīt Indian dress material
1377
2‫وﻛﻴـﺖ‬ ‫ ﻛﻴـﺖ‬kaita wa-kaita, kaiti wa-kaiti so and so, such and such, thus
and thus
1‫)ﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ )ﻛﺎد‬kāda i (kaid, ‫ ﻣﻜﻴﺪة‬makīda) to deceive, dupe, outwit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
harm by artful machinations (‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), lay snares (‫ ل‬for s.o.), plot s.o.’s
(‫ )ل‬downfall, conspire (‫ ل‬against s.o.) III to deceive, dupe, outwit (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to seek to double-cross (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻛﻴــﺪ‬kaid pl. ‫ ﻛﻴــﺎد‬kiyād ruse, artifice, stratagem; craftiness, slyness,
cunning, subtlety; deception, deceit; artful plot; trick, dodge
‫ ﻣﻜﻴـﺪة‬makīda pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻳـﺪ‬makāyid2 ruse, artifice, trick; smart action, clever
approach, shrewd policy; stratagem; plot, conspiracy, machinations,
schemes, intrigues
2‫ ﻛﺎد‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﲑ‬kīr pl. ‫ اﻛﻴﺎر‬akyār, ‫ ﻛﲑان‬kīrān bellows

‫( ﻛﲑوﺳﲔ‬Engl.) kirūsīn kerosene
‫ )ﻛـﺎس )ﻛـﻴﺲ‬kāsa i (kais, ‫ ﻛﻴﺎﺳـﺔ‬kiyāsa) to be smart, clever, intelligent; to
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be nice, fine, pretty, comely, handsome, attractive, chic II to refine, make
elegant
‫ ﻛ ــﻴﺲ‬kais smartness, cleverness, intelligence; subtlety, finesse,
gracefulness, elegance
‫ ﻛﻴﺲ‬kais m. and f., pl. ‫ اﻛﻴﺎس‬akyās, ‫ ﻛﻴﺴـﺔ‬kiyasa, sack; bag; pouch; purse;
Turkish towel | ‫اﻟﻮﺳـﺎدة‬ ‫ ﻛـﻴﺲ‬pillowcase, pillow slip; ‫ ﻛـﻴﺲ اﻟﺼـﻔﺮاء‬k. aṣ-ṣafrā’
gall, bile; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ‬at his expense
‫ ﻛـﻴﺲ‬kayyis pl. ‫ اﻛﻴـﺎس‬akyās, ‫ ﻛﻴﺴـﻰ‬kaisā, f. ‫ ﻛﻴﺴـﺔ‬kayyisa, pl. ‫ ﻛﻴـﺎس‬kiyās

sly, smart, astute, shrewd, sagacious; adroit, dexterous, skillful; nice, fine,
elegant, stylish, chic, attractive, comely, pretty, handsome
‫ ﻛﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬kiyāsa adroitness, dexterity, skill; cleverness, smartness, astuteness,
shrewdness, slyness, sagacity, subtlety, finesse; courtesy, civility,
politeness; gracefulness, grace; elegance, chic, stylishness
‫ اﻛـﻴﺲ‬akyas2, f. ‫ ﻛﻴﺴـﻰ‬kīsā and ‫ ﻛﻮﺳـﻰ‬kūsā, pl. ‫ ﻛـﻴﺲ‬kīs smarter, slier;
more skillful; more stylish, more chic, nicer
‫ ﻣﻜﻴﺲ‬mukayyis and ‫ ﻣﻜﻴﺴﺎﰐ‬mukayyisātī (eg.) bath attendant, masseur
‫ ﻣﻜﻴﺲ‬mukayyas shrewd, subtle, astute, smart, sly
1378
‫ ﻛﻴـﻒ‬II to form, shape, fashion, mold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fit, condition, modify,

conform, adjust, adapt (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬o.s.); to regulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to put in high
spirits, exhilarate, amuse, delight (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.); to intoxicate slightly, dope,
stupefy (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a narcotic) Y to be shaped, be formed; to assume a form,
take on a shape; to adapt o.s., adjust o.s., conform; to be in high spirits, be
cheerful, gay; to amuse o.s., enjoy o.s., have a good time, have fun; to revel;
to be slightly intoxicated, be tipsy, fuddled; to smoke (tobacco, etc.)
‫ ﻛﻴـﻒ‬kaifa (interrogative and exclamatory particle) how? how ...! | ‫ﻛﻴـﻒ‬
‫( ﺣﺎﻟـﻚ‬ḥāluka) how are you? ‫ ﻛﻴـﻒ ﻻ و‬... why shouldn’t it be so since ...!
‫ ﻓﻜﻴـﻒ ب‬just imagine how much more (or less) ...! and how much more ...!
and how much less …!
‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻤﺎ‬kaifamā however, howsoever | ‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن اﳊﺎل‬whatever the case may
be, be that as it may; in any case, at any rate
‫ ﻛﻴـﻒ‬kaif state, condition; mood, humor, state of mind, frame of mind;
pleasure, delight, well-being, good humor, high spirits; discretion, option.
will; (pl. ‫ ﻛﻴـﻮف‬kuyūf) narcotic, opiate | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻛﻴﻔـﻚ‬at your discretion, as you
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please; as you wish, as you like; ‫اﻟﻜﻴﻒ‬ ‫ اﺻﺤﺎب‬bons vivants, epicures
‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ‬kaifī arbitrary, discretionary, optional; qualitative
‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ‬kaifīya manner, mode, fashion; property, quality; nature, state,
condition; particulars, particular circumstances (e.g., of an event) | ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬k. al-‘amal operation (e.g., of a machine); ‫ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬directions for
use
‫ ﺗﻜﻴﻴــﻒ‬takyīf forming, shaping, fashioning; formation; a.daptation,
adjustment, conditioning, modification; regulation; descriptive designation,
qualification; air conditioning, = ‫اﳍﻮاء‬ ‫ ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ‬t. al-hawā’
‫ ﺗﻜﻴﻒ‬takayyuf adaptation, adjustment, conformity
‫ ﻣﻜﻴﻔــﺔ‬mukayyifa, ‫ ﻣﻜﻴﻔــﺔ اﳍ ـﻮاء‬m. al-hawā’ pl. -āt air-conditioning
installation, air conditioner
‫ ﻣﻜﻴﻔﺎت‬mukayyifāt narcotics, opiates
1‫ ﻛﻴﻜﺔ‬kaika pl. ‫ ﻛﻴﺎﻛﻲ‬kayākī egg
2‫ ﻛﻴﻜﺔ‬kīka, ‫ ﻛﻴﻜﺎ‬kīkā (eg.) hide-and-seek
1379
‫ )ﻛـﺎل )ﻛﻴـﻞ‬kāla i (kail, ‫ ﻣﻜـﺎل‬makāl, ‫ ﻣﻜﻴـﻞ‬makīl) to measure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to

weigh (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to compare by measuring (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with), measure s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬
by the standard of (‫ ;)ب‬to measure out, mete out, allot, apportion (‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
to s.o.) | ‫اﻟﺸـﺘﺎﺋﻢ‬
‫ ﻛﺎل ﻟـﻪ‬to heap abuse on s.o.; ‫( ﻛـﺎل ﻟـﻪ اﻟﻠﻄﻤـﺎت‬laṭamāt) to give
s.o. a beating, spank, thrash s.o. II to measure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to return like for
like, repay in kind (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ ﻛﻴﻞ‬kail pl. ‫ اﻛﻴﺎل‬akyāl measure; dry measure for grain; holding capacity
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﺔ‬kaila pl. -āt kilah, a dry measure (Eg. = 16.72 l; Pal. = 361)
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻲ‬kailī and ‫ ﻣﻜﻴﻞ‬makīl (volumetrically) measurable, volumetric(al)
‫ ﻛﻴـﺎل‬kayyāl corn measurer; one who metes out, who determines the right
measure, muter, lord
‫ ﻣﻜﻴﺎل‬mikyāl pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻳﻴﻞ‬makāyīl2 and ‫ ﻣﻜﻴﻞ‬mikyal, ‫ ﻣﻜﻴﻠﺔ‬mikyala pl. ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻳـﻞ‬
makāyil2 measure; dry measure for grain | ‫اﳌـﻮازﻳﻦ واﳌﻜﺎﻳﻴـﻞ‬ the weights and
measures
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‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬kīlō and ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام‬kilogrām pl. -āt kilogram
‫( ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺳﻴﻜﻞ‬Fr. kilocycle) kīlōsikl pl. -āt kilocycle (radio)
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﱰ‬kīlōmitr pl. -āt kilometer
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮواط‬kīlōwāṭ kilowatt
‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮن = ﻛﺎﻟﻮن‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻛﻴﻤﺎ‬kai-mā see 1‫ﻛﻲ‬
‫ ﻛﻴﻤﻮس‬kaimūs gastric juice
‫ ﻛﻴﻤﻴ ــﺎء‬kīmiyā’ chemistry; alchemy | ‫( اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴ ــﺎء اﻻﺣﻴﺎﺋﻴ ــﺔ‬aḥyā’īya)
biochemistry; ‫اﻟﱰﺑﺔ‬ ‫ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎء‬k. at-turba agricultural chemistry
‫ ﻛﻴﻤﻲ‬kīmī chemical
‫ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬kīmiyā’ī, ‫ ﻛﻴﻤﺎوي‬kīmāwī chemical; -- (pl. -ūn) chemist; alchemist;
‫ ﻛﻴﻤﺎو ت‬kīmāwīyāt chemicals
(‫ﻛﺎن‬ (‫ ﻛﲔ‬kāna i (kain) to humble o.s., abase o.s., eat humble pie, submit,
resign o.s. X do.
‫ ﻛﻴﻨـﺎ‬kīnā quinine | ‫ ﺧﺸـﺐ اﻟﻜﻴﻨـﺎ‬kašab al-k. cinchona, china bark, Peruvian
bark
1380
‫ ﻛﻴﻨﲔ‬kīnīn quinine
‫ ﻛﻴﻬﻚ‬kiyahk, kīhak the fourth month of the Coptic year
‫ ﻛﻴﻮان‬kaiwān the planet Saturn
‫( ﻛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺪ‬Engl.) kiyūbīd Cupid
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1381
‫ل‬
1‫ ل‬la (intensifying particle) truly, verily; certainly, surely; frequently
after ‫ان‬ inna, introducing the predicate: ‫ان رﰊ ﻟﺴـﻤﻴﻊ اﻟـﺪﻋﺎء‬ inna rabbī la-
samī’ d-du’ā’ truly, my Lord hears the prayer; also as a correlative of ‫ ﻟـﻮ‬lau
and ‫ ﻟـﻮﻻ‬lau-lā: ‫( ﻟـﻮ ﻛﻨـﺖ ﺗﻔﻌـﻞ ﻫـﺬا ﻟﻜـﺎن اﻧﻔـﻊ‬la-kāna anfa’a) if you did this it
would be more useful; ‫ ﻟـﻮﻻ ب ﳍﻠـﻚ‬lau-lā tāba la-halaka if he had not
repented he would have perished; (particle of oath) ‫ ﻟﻌﻤﺮك‬la-’amruka by your
life!
2‫ ل‬li 1. (prep.) for; on behalf of, in favor of; to (of the dative); because
of; for the sake of; due to, owing to; for, for the purpose of; at the time of,
when, as; by (designating the author or originator); occasionally substituting
for ‫ ;اﱃ‬as to ‫ ل‬paraphrasing the genit. and acc. see grammar | ‫ ﱄ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻣـﺎل‬he
owes me money; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻟـﻪ وﻣـﺎ ﻋﻠﺒـﻪ‬his right and his duty; his credit and his debit,
his assets and his liabilities; ‫ ﻟـﻪ ان‬he has a right to ..., he is entitled to ..., he
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may ...; it is possible for him to ..., he is able to ..., he can ...; ‫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﱄ ان‬I have
no right to ... , it does not behoove me to ...; ‫ﻫـﺬا‬‫ ﻟﻚ‬or ‫ ﻟـﻚ ذﻟـﻚ‬you can have
that! it’s up to you; it’s all right with me! all right! O.K.! agreed! ‫ﻫـﻞ ﻟـﻚ ﰲ‬
or ‫ اﻟﻚ ﰲ‬would you like ...? do you want ...? do you feel like ...? ‫ﻗﺮأت ﻟﻪ ﻛﺘﺎ‬
I read a book by him, I read one of his books; ‫( ﻻ ﺗـﺪوم ﻟـﻪ ﺣـﺎل‬tadūmu) no
state is of any permanence with him, he is never the same for a very long
time‫ﳌﻌﺎوﻧﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫( ﻗﺎﻣﻮا‬li-mu’āwanatinā) they set out in our support; ‫ﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻟﻴﺎل ﺧﻠﻮن‬
‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺷـﻌﺒﺎن‬li-sab’i layālin kalauna min ša’bāna when seven nights of Shaban
had passed; ‫ ﻟﻠﻤـﺮة اﻷوﱃ‬li-l-marrati l-ūlā for the first time; ‫ ﻷول وﻫﻠـﺔ‬li-awwali
wahlatin at first sight, at once; ‫وأﻣـﻪ‬ ‫ اﺧـﻮﻩ ﻷﺑﻴـﻪ‬li-abīhi wa-ummihī his brother
on the paternal and maternal side, his brother-german, his full brother 2.
(conj. with the subjunctive) that, so that, in order that, in order to; (with
apoc.) expressing an order. an invitation: ‫ ﻟﻴﻜﺘـﺐ‬li-yaktub he shall write, let
him write (with preceding ‫ و‬wa or ‫ ف‬fa contracted to wal- ... or fal ... with
elision of the i)
‫ ﻷﺟﻞ‬li-ajli (with foll. genit.) because of, on account of, for
1382
‫ ﻷن‬li-an (conj. with the subjunctive) that, so that, in order that, in order
to; (with ‫ﻟﺌﻼ‬ (‫ ﻻ‬li-allā in order not to, lest
‫ ﻷن‬li-anna (conj.) on the grounds that; because; for
‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬li-dālika therefore, hence, that is why, for that reason
‫ ﻟﻜـﻲ‬li-kai and ‫ ﻟﻜﻴﻤـﺎ‬li-kai-mā (conj. with the subjunctive) that, so that, in
order that, in order to
‫ ﳌـﺎ‬li-mā (shortened ‫ ﱂ‬li-mā) why? wherefore? for what reason? ‫ ﳌـﺎذا‬li-mā-
dā why (on earth)?
‫ ﳍﺬا‬li-hādā therefore, hence, that is why, for that reason
‫ ﻻ‬lā (particle) not, no! with apoc. expressing negative imperative: ‫ﻻ ﺗﻘـﻞ‬
lā taqul don’t say! with indef. acc. expressing a general negation; there is
not, there is no ..., e.g., ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ ﻻ اﻟﻪ اﻻ‬lā ilāha illa llāh there is no god but Allah;
‫( ﻻ ﺧـﲑ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬kaira) there is no good in it, it’s no good; ‫( ﻻ ﺑـﺪ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬budda) there is
no escape from it, it is inevitable; ‫ ﻻ ﺟـﺮم‬lā jarama certainly, surely; ‫ﻻ ﺷـﻚ‬
lā šakka no doubt, doubtless; ‫ ﻻ ﺳـﻴﻤﺎ‬lā siyyamā especially. particularly; ‫اﻻ‬
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a-lā see ‫ أ; ﺑﻼ‬bi-lā without; ‫ وﻻ‬wa-lā (with preceding neg.) nor, ... either; not
even, also ‫ ﺣـﱴ وﻻ‬ḥattā wa-lā, e.g., ‫( ﱂ ﻳﻌﻄـﲏ ﺣـﱴ وﻻ ﻗﺮﺷـﺎ‬lam yu‘ṭinī, qiršan)
he did not give me even a piaster, he did not give me as much as a piaster; ‫ﻻ‬
‫ – وﻻ‬neither -- nor
‫ ﻻ ا ﻟﻴﺔ‬lā-ubālīya indifferent attitude, indifference
‫ ﻻ أدرﻳﺔ‬lā-adrīya skepticism; agnosticism
‫ اﻟﻼ أ‬al-lā-anā the nonego (philos.)
‫ ﻻ أ ﻧﻴﺔ‬lā-anānīya selflessness, unselfishness
‫ ﻻ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬lā-jinsīya statelessness, being without nationality
‫ ﻻ دﻳﲏ‬lā-dīnī antireligious, irreligious, without religion
‫ ﻻ دﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬lā-dīnīya irreligion, godlessness
‫ ﻻ ﺳﺎﻣﻲ‬lā-sāmī anti-Semitic; anti-Semite
‫ ﻻ ﺳﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬lā-sāmīya anti-Semitism
1383
‫ ﻻ ﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬lā-silkī wireless, radio (adj.); radio, broadcasting; radio message |

‫( اﺷﺎرة ﻻ ﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬išāra) radio message
‫ اﻟﻼﺷﻌﻮر‬al-lā-šu‘ūr the unconscious, unconscious mind, unconsciousness
‫ ﻻﺷﻌﻮري‬lā-šu‘ūrī unconscious, unaware
‫ ﻻ ﺷﻲء‬lā-šai’ nothing, nonentity, nil
‫ ﻻ ﺷﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬lā-šai’īya nonexistence, nothingness; nullity, nihility
‫ ﻻﻣﺒﺎﻻة‬lā-mubālāh and ‫ ﻻﻣﺒﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬lā-mubālīya indifferent attitude, indifference
‫ ﻻﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬lā-markazīya decentralization
‫ ﻻﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ‬lā-mas’ūlīya irresponsibility
‫ ﻻ ﻧﻈﺎم‬lā-niẓām lack of system, confusion
‫ اﻟﻼ ﺎﻳﺔ‬al-lā-nihāya the infinite
‫ ﻻ ﺎﺋﻲ‬lā-nihā’ī infinite
‫ اﻟﻼﺗﲔ‬al-lātīn the (ancient) Latins
‫ ﻻﺗﻴﲏ‬lātīnī Latin | ‫( اﳊﻲ اﻟﻼﺗﻴﲏ‬ḥayy) the “Quartier latin” (in Paris)
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‫ اﻟﻼﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬al-lātīnīya the Latin language, Latin
‫ ﻻدن‬lādan, lādin laudanum
‫ ﻻزورد‬lāzuward, lāzaward lapis lazuli; azure
‫ ﻻزوردي‬lāzuwardī azure-blue, azure, sky-blue, cerulean
‫ ﻻزوردﻳﺔ‬lāzuwardīya azure, blue of the sky
‫( ﻻﺳﻴﻪ‬Fr. lacet) lāsēh lace, cord
1 ‫ﻷك‬IV to send as a messenger (‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to) ‫ ﻣـﻸك‬mal’ak and ‫ ﻣﻠـﻚ‬malak
pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﺋﻚ‬malā’ik2, ‫ ﻣﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬malā’ika angel; messenger, envoy
‫ ﻣﻼﺋﻜﻲ‬malā’ikī angelic(al); heavenly
2‫ ﻻﺋﻜﻲ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻻﻛﻦ‬lākin, lākinna however, yet, but
‫ ﻷﻷ‬la’la’a (‫ ﻷﻷة‬la’la’a) to shine, flash, glitter, glisten, sparkle, gleam,
shimmer, glimmer, beam, radiate; to wag (‫ ﺑﺬﻧﺒـﻪ‬bi-danabihī the tail) II
tala’la’a to shine, glitter, glisten, sparkle, gleam, shimmer, glimmer, beam,
radiate
‫ ﻷﻷة‬la’la’a shine, glow, brightness, brilliancy, radiance, flash, glitter,
twinkle
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‫ ﻷﻻء‬la’lā’ glitter, flash; light, glow, gleam; perfect joy, unruffled gaiety;
dealer in pearls
‫ ﻟﺆﻟـﺆ‬lu’lu’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl.: ‫ ﻵﱄ‬la’ālī2 pearls | ‫ زﻫـﺮ اﻟﻠﺆﻟـﺆ‬zahr al-l. daisy;
‫‘ ﻋﺮق اﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆ‬irq al-l. mother-of-pearl, nacre
‫ ﻟﺆﻟﺆى‬lu’lu’ī pearly; pearl-colored, whitish | ‫ ﺷﻌﲑ ﻟﺆﻟﺆي‬pearl barley
‫ ﺗﻸﻟﺆ‬tala’lu’ shining, radiance, brilliancy
‫ ﻣﺘﻸﻟﺊ‬mutala’li’ shimmering, glistening, glittering, flashing, sparkling
‫ ﻷم‬la’ama a (la’m) to dress, bandage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a wound); to repair, mend (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to solder, weld; -- ‫ ﻟـﺆم‬la’uma (lu’m, ‫ ﻵﻣـﺔ‬la’āma, ‫ ﻣﻸﻣـﺔ‬mal’ama) to be
ignoble, lowly (of character and birth); to be base, mean, vile, evil, wicked
III to agree (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to suit, fit (garment; ‫ه‬ s.o.); to be adequate,
appropriate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), be suitable, fit, proper, convenient, favorable,
propitious (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.); to be adapted (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), be in harmony (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), match
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to agree (climate, food; ‫ ه‬with s.o.), be wholesome (climate, air,
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food; ‫ ه‬for s.o.); to bring about a reconciliation, make peace (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between),
reconcile (‫و‬ – ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ s.o. with); to make consistent or congruous, reconcile,
harmonize, bring into harmony (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬different things) IV to act ignobly,
behave shabbily VI to be mended, be repaired, be corrected; to go well (‫ﻣـﻊ‬

with); to act meanly VIII to be mended, be repaired, be corrected; to be
joined, be connected, be patched up, be soldered, be welded; to match, fit
together, harmonize, be in harmony, agree, go together, be congruous,
conformable, consistent; to be tuned or geared to each other (fig.); to unite,
combine; to cohere, stick together; to heal, close (wound); to gather,
assemble, convene (persons); to meet (committee, congress, council, etc.)
‫ ﻷم‬la’m dressing, bandaging (of a wound); joining, junction, connection;
repair
‫ ﻟــﺆم‬lu’m ignoble mind, baseness, meanness, vileness, wickedness;
niggardliness, miserliness; sordidness; iniquity
‫ ﻟـﺌﻢ‬li’m peace; concord, agreement, union, unity, unanimity; conformity,
consistency, harmony
‫ ﻷﻣﺔ‬la’ma cuirass, pair of cuirasses
‫ ﻟﺌـﻴﻢ‬la’īm pl. ‫ ﻟﺌـﺎم‬li’ām, ‫ ﻟﺆﻣـﺎء‬lu’amā’, ‫ ﻟﺆﻣـﺎن‬lu’mān, ignoble, lowly, low,
base, mean, evil, vile, wicked, depraved; sordid, filthy, dirty; niggardly,
miserly
1385
‫ ﻣﻼءﻣــﺔ‬mulā’ama adequacy, appropriateness, properness, suitability,

fitness; peacemaking, (re)conciliation; concord, union, agreement, harmony
‫ ﻣﻼﺋـﻢ‬mulā’im adapted, suited, appropriate (‫ ل‬to), suitable, fit, proper,
convenient, favorable, propitious (‫ ل‬for); agreeing, harmonizing, in
conformity, consistent (‫ ل‬with)
‫ ﻻم‬lām name of the letter ‫ل‬
‫ ﻻﻣﻲ‬lāmī lām-shaped, resembling the letter ‫ل‬
‫ ﻻﻣﺎ‬lāmā llama (zool.)
‫( ﻻﻧﺶ‬Engl.) lanš pl. -āt launch, motorboat, small steamer
‫ ﻻﻫﺎي‬lāhāy The Hague (city in SW Netherlands)
‫ ﻻﻫـﻮت‬lāhūt godhead, deity; divine nature, divinity | ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻼﻫـﻮت‬ilm al-l.
theology
‫ ﻻﻫﻮﰐ‬lāhūtī theological; theologian
‫ اﻟﻼﻫﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬al-lāhūtīya theology
‫ ﻻﻫﻮر‬lāhūr2 Lahore (city in W Pakistan)
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‫ ﻷواء‬la’wā’ 2 severe distress, hardship
‫ ﻷي‬la’y slowness, tardiness; tediousness, tiresomeness | ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻷي‬after
great difficulties, in the end, finally, after all
‫( ﻻﺋﻜﻲ‬from Fr. laïque) lā’ikī layman; secular, laic, lay
‫ ﻻﺋﻜﻴﺔ‬lā’ikīya laicism
‫ ﻟـﺐ‬labba u (labb) to remain, abide, stay (‫ ب‬in a place); -- (1st pers. perf.
labibtu) a (‫ ﻟﺒـﺐ‬labab) and (1st pers. perf. labubtu) u (‫ ﻟﺒﺎﺑـﺔ‬labāba) to be
sensible, reasonable, intelligent II to kernel, ripen into kernels, produce
kernels (grain, nuts) V to gird o.s. prepare o.s. (‫ ل‬for)
‫ ﻟـﺐ‬lubb pl. ‫ ﻟﺒـﻮب‬lubūb kernels, core (of fruits); the innermost, marrow,
pith; core, gist, essence; prime, best part; -- (pl. ‫ اﻟﺒـﺎب‬albāb) heart; mind,
intellect, reason, understanding
‫ ﻟﺒﺔ‬labba pl. -āt upper part of the chest; throat of an animal, spot where its
throat is slit in slaughtering
‫ ﻟﺒﺔ‬libba (eg.) golden necklace
1386
‫ ﻟﺒـﺐ‬labab pl. ‫ اﻟﺒـﺎب‬albāb upper part of the chest; throat of an animal, spot
where its throat is slit in slaughtering; breast collar (of a horse’s harness);
martingale
‫ ﻟﺒـﺎب‬lubāb marrow, pith, core, quintessence, gist, prime, beet part | ‫ﻟﺒـﺎب‬
‫ اﳋﺸﺐ‬l. kašab cellulose
‫ ﻟﺒﻴﺐ‬labīb pl. ‫ اﻟﺒﺎء‬alibbā’ understanding, reasonable, sensible, intelligent
‫ ﺗﻠﺒﻴـﺐ‬talbīb pl. ‫ ﺗﻼﺑﻴـﺐ‬talābīb2 collar | ‫ اﺧـﺬ ﺑﺘﻼﺑﻴﺒـﻪ‬to collar s.o., seize s.o.
by the collar
‫ ﻟﺒﺆة‬labu’a pl. -āt lioness
‫ ﻟﺒﺘﺔ‬labta carp (zool.)
‫ ﻟﺒﺚ‬labita a (labt, lubt, labat, ‫ ﻟﺒﺎث‬lubāt) to hesitate, tarry, linger; to abide,
remain, stay (‫ ب‬in a place); (with imperf.) to persist in an activity, keep
doing s.th. | ‫)ﻣـﺎ ﻟﺒـﺚ )ﱂ ﻳﻠﺒـﺚ( أن )ﺣـﱴ‬ it did not take long before he …,
presently he ..., he lost no time in …; ‫ ﻟﺒـﺚ ﻳﻔﻌﻠـﻪ‬he did it for a while V to

hesitate, tarry, linger; to abide, remain, stay
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‫ ﻟﺒﺚ‬labt, lubt, labat hesitation, tarrying, delay; stay, sojourn
‫ ﻟﺒﺜﺔ‬lubta short delay, brief respite; pause; temporary stay or stop, stopover
‫ ﻟـﺒﺦ‬labk, labak (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬a variety of acacia (Mimosa lebbec L.),
also lebbek tree (Albizzia lebbek Bth.; bot.)
‫ ﻟﺒﺨـﺔ‬labka pl. labakāt cataplasm, poultice; soft mass, mush; emollient
plaster, emollient
‫ ﻟﺒﻴﺦ‬labīk fleshy, corpulent
‫ ﻟﺒـﺪ‬labada u (‫ ﻟﺒـﺪ‬lubūd) to stick, adhere, cling (‫ ب‬to s.th.), get stuck (‫ب‬
on); to abide, remain, stay (‫ ب‬in a place) II to cause to adhere and mat
together, to felt, mat (‫ ﻫـ‬wool); to line with felt (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to beat down, weigh
down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., the hail -- grass); to full (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to cling firmly,
adhere, stick (‫ ب‬to s.th.) V do.; to stick together; to become felted, matted,
entangled, interwoven; to be compressed; to become clouded; to become
overcast (‫ ﻟﻐﻴﻮم‬with clouds; sky); to become gloomy (face)
‫ ﻟﺒﺪ‬libd pl. ‫ ﻟﺒﻮد‬lubūd, ‫ اﻟﺒﺎد‬albād felt | ‫ ﻟﺒﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻤﺎﺋﻢ‬thick masses of clouds
‫ ﻟﺒﺪ‬labad wool
1387
‫ ﻟﺒﺪ‬labid coherent; compact

‫ ﻟﺒـﺪ‬lubad the seventh vulture of Luqmān (whose death ended Luqmān’s
life; metaphor of longevity)
‫ ﻟﺒـﺪة‬libda pl. ‫ ﻟﺒـﺪ‬libad mane (of a lion); (eg.) skullcap of felt, worn under
or without a tarboosh; felt hat (of the dervishes)
‫ ﻟﺒﺪة‬lubda pl. ‫ ﻟﺒﺪ‬lubad matted and pressed wool or hair, felt
‫ ﻟﺒﺎد‬labbād feltmaker; felt
‫ ﻟﺒـﺎدة‬lubbāda pl. -āt horse blanket, saddle blanket; -- (pl. ‫ ﻟﺒﺎﺑﻴـﺪ‬labābīd 2)
felt cap
‫ ﻣﻠﺒﺪ‬mulabbad: ‫( ﻣﻠﺒﺪ ﻟﻐﻴﻮم‬bi-l-guyūm) overcast, heavily clouded (sky)
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﺒﺪ‬mutalabbid: ‫ ﻣﺘﻠﺒﺪ ﻟﻐﻴﻮم‬overcast, heavily clouded (sky)
‫ ﻟـﺒﺲ‬labisa a (lubs) to put on, wear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a dress, garment); to dress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in),
clothe o.s. garb o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬in or with) II to dress (‫ه‬
‫ ﻫـ‬s.o. in), clothe, garb, attire
(‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. with); to cover, envelop, overlay, coat (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with. layer); to
drape, line, face, case (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to inlay (e.g., wood with ivory); to
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suffuse (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., pallor), seize (‫ ه‬s.o., e.g., so tremor); to make obscure,
unclear, abstruse, involved, complicated (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. for s.o.); to deceive,
dupe (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) III to be on intimate terms, associate closely, hobnob (‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to be in close contact (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o., with s.th.); to surround (‫ ه‬s.o.;
environment, milieu, conditions) IV to dress (‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. in), clothe, garb, attire
(‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. with); to drape, envelop, coat, overlay, cover, face, line, case (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) V to dress, get dressed (‫ ب‬in), clothe o.s. (‫ ب‬in or with); to be dressed,
clad, attired; to be covered (‫ ب‬with), be enveloped, wrapped (‫ ب‬in); to get

involved (‫ ب‬in s.th.), be drown (‫ ب‬into s.th.); to meddle, bother (‫ ب‬with),
go into s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to be obscure, incomprehensible, dubious, equivocal,
ambiguous (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.) VIII to be obscure, dubious, equivocal, ambiguous
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.); to get mixed up (‫ ب‬with); to mistake (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬for)

‫ ﻟــﺒﺲ‬labs, lubs and ‫ ﻟﺒﺴــﺔ‬lubsa tangle, muddle, confusion, intricacy,
obscurity, uncertainty, abstruseness, ambiguity | ‫ﻛـﺎن ﰲ ﻟـﺒﺲ ﻣـﻦ اﻣـﺮﻩ‬ to be
uncertain about s.o.; to have doubts about s.o.
1388
‫ ﻟﺒﺲ‬libs pl. ‫ ﻟﺒﻮس‬lubūs clothes, clothing, dress, apparel; costume

‫ ﻟﺒﺴﺔ‬libsa manner or style of dressing, costume
‫ ﻟﺒﺎس‬libās pl. -āl, ‫ اﻟﺒﺴﺔ‬albisa clothes, clothing; costume; apparel; garment,
robe, dress; (eg., syr.) (men’s) drawers | ‫ﻟﺒـﺎس اﻟـﺮأس‬ l. ar-ra’s headdress,
headgear; ‫ﻟﺒـﺎس اﻟﺘﻘـﻮى‬ l. at-taqwā decency, modesty; ‫ﻟﺒـﺎس رﲰـﻲ‬ (rasmī) and
‫‘( ﻟﺒـﺎس ﻋﺴـﻜﺮي‬askarī) uniform; ‫ ﻟﺒـﺎس اﻟﺴـﻬﺮة‬l. as-sahra evening gown, evening
clothes, formal dress; ‫( ﻟﺒﺎس وﻃﲏ‬waṭanī) national costume; ‫ اﻟﺒﺴﺔ ﺟـﺎﻫﺰة‬ready-
made clothes
‫ ﻟﺒـﻴﺲ‬labīs worn; worn clothes, secondhand clothes; Nile carp (Cyprinus
niloticus: zool.)
‫ ﻟﺒــﻮس‬labūs clothing, clothes; suppository (med.) | ‫( ﻟﺒــﻮس رﲰــﻲ‬rasmī)
uniform
‫ ﻣﻠـﺒﺲ‬malbas pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﺑـﺲ‬malābis2 garment, dress, robe, apparel, suit; pl.
also: clothing, clothes, costume | O ‫ ﻣﻠـﺒﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳـﺔ‬protective clothes; ‫ﻣﻼﺑـﺲ‬
‫ اﻟﺘﺸـﺮﻳﻔﺔ‬dress uniform; ‫( ﻣﻼﺑـﺲ داﺧﻠﻴـﺔ وﺧﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ‬dākilīya wa-kārijīya) underwear
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and outer clothes; ‫( ﻣﻼﺑـﺲ رﲰﻴـﺔ‬rasmīya) livery, uniform; O ‫ ﻣﻼﺑـﺲ اﳌﻴـﺪان‬m.
al-maidān field uniform; ‫ ﳏﻞ اﳌﻼﺑﺲ‬maḥall al-m. ready-made-clothes store
‫ ﺗﻠﺒـﻴﺲ‬talbīs clothing, dressing, garbing; draping, lining, facing, casing;
overlaying, coating; wall facing, wall plaster, paneling; inlay work;
deception, deceit, fraud
‫ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺴﺔ‬talbīsa suppository (med.)
‫ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺔ‬mulābasa intercourse, intimate association, close relations; ‫ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎت‬
relations, connections; concomitants, accompanying phenomena;
surrounding conditions, environment
‫ اﻟﺒﺎس‬ilbās clothing, dressing, garbing
‫ ﺗﻠـﺒﺲ‬talabbus: ‫ ﻗﻀـﺎ اﻟﺘﻠـﺒﺲ‬qaḍāyā t-t. (jur.) cases of “flagrante delicto”,
criminal cases in which the perpetrator was caught in the act
‫ اﻟﺘﺒ ــﺎس‬iltibās confusion, tangle, intricacy, obscurity, ambiguity,
dubiousness, doubt | ‫ رﻓــﻊ اﻻﻟﺘﺒــﺎس‬raf‘ al-ilt. correction, rectification,
clarification; ‫( اﺣــﺎط ﺑــﻪ اﻻﻟﺘﺒــﺎس‬aḥāṭa) to be wrapped in obscurity, be
completely ambiguous
1389
‫ ﻣﻠﺒﻮس‬malbūs worn, used (clothes); (eg.) possessed, in a state of frenzy or

religious ecstasy; pl. ‫ ﻣﻠﺒﻮﺳﺎت‬articles of clothing, clothes
‫ ﻣﻠــﺒﺲ‬mulabbas involved, intricate, obscure, dubious; inlaid, coated,
incrusted; sugar-coated, candied; (pl. -āt) bonbon, candy; dragée
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﺒﺲ‬mutalabbis: ‫( ﻣﺘﻠﺒﺴﺎ ﳉﺮﳝﺔ‬he was caught, and the like) redhanded, in
the act, flagrante delicto
‫ ﻣﻠﺘــﺒﺲ‬multabis involved, intricate, ambiguous, equivocal; dubious,
doubtful, uncertain, unclear
‫ ﻟﺒﻂ‬labaṭa II (labṭ): ‫( ﻟـﺒﻂ ﺑـﻪ اﻷرض‬arḍ) to throw s.o. to the ground, fell s.o.;
-- i to kick; to gallop about (animal)
‫ ﻟﺒـﻖ‬labaqa II (‫ ﻟﺒﺎﻗـﺔ‬labāqa) to be clever, slick, adroit, skilled, skillful,
versatile, suave, elegant, have refined manners; -- labiqa a (labaq) do.; to fit,
suit, become (clothes; ‫ ب‬s.o.) II to fit, adapt, adjust (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻟﺒــﻖ‬labaq cleverness, smartness, slyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness,
slickness, ingenuity; seemliness, propriety, decency, decorum
‫ ﻟﺒﺎﻗـﺔ‬labāqa cleverness, smartness, slyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness,
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slickness, ingenuity; seemliness, propriety, decency, decorum; elegance,
refined manners, suavity, gracefulness
‫ ﻟﺒـﻖ‬labiq clever, smart, sly, subtle; slick, adroit, skilled, skillful, versatile;
elegant, suave, of refined manners; fitting, proper, becoming, seemly
‫ ﻟﺒﻴﻖ‬labīq clever, smart, sly, subtle; skillful, adroit; elegant, suave, refined
‫ ﻟﺒـﻚ‬labaka u (labk) and II to mix. Mingle, intermix (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to confuse,
mix up, muddle, jumble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- labika a, V and VIII to get confused, be
thrown into disorder, be disarranged, become disorganized
‫ ﻟﺒﻚ‬labk and ‫ ﻟﺒﻜﺔ‬labka mixture; confusion, muddle, jumble
‫ ﻟﺒﻴﻚ‬see ‫ﻟﱯ‬
‫ ﻟﺒﻠﺐ‬lablaba to fondle, cares (‫ ب‬her child; mother)
‫ ﻟﺒﻠﺐ‬lablab, lublub affectionate, tender
‫ ﻟـﺒﻼب‬lablāb English ivy (Hedera helix; bot.); (eg.) lablab, hyacynth bean
(Dolichoe lablab; bot.)
‫ ﻟﺒﻠﻮب‬lablūb (eg.) pl. ‫ ﻟﺒﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬labālīb2 young shoot, sprout, vine
‫ ﻟﱭ‬II to make brick VIII to suck milk
‫ ﻟﱭ‬libn, labin (coll.) unburnt brick(s), adobes
1390
‫ ﻟﺒﻨﺔ‬labina (n. un.) pl. -āt brick, adobe

‫ ﻟﱭ‬laban pl. ‫ اﻟﺒـﺎن‬albān, ‫ ﻟﺒـﺎن‬libān milk; (syr.) leban, coagulated sour milk;
pl. ‫ اﻟﺒـﺎن‬dairy products, milk products | ‫اﳋـﺾ‬ ‫ ﻟـﱭ‬l. al-kaḍḍ buttermilk; ‫ﺷـﺮش‬
‫ اﻟﻠـﱭ‬širš al-l. whey; O ‫ ﻣﻴـﺰان اﻟﻠـﱭ‬mīzān al-l. lactoscope; ‫ ﻓـﺮع اﻷﻟﺒـﺎن‬far‘ al-a.
dairy department
‫ ﻟﺒﲏ‬labanī lactic, milk (adj.); milky, milklike, lacteous, lacteal
‫ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬labanīya a dish prepared of milk
‫ ﻟﺒﻨﺎت‬labanāt lactate | ‫ ﻟﺒﻨﺎت اﳉﲑ‬l. al-jīr calcium lactate
‫ ﻟﺒﺎن‬labān breast
‫ ﻟﺒـﺎن‬lubān frankincense, olibanum | ‫( ﻟﺒـﺎن ﺟـﺎوي‬jāwī) benzoin; ‫ﻟﺒـﺎن ذﻛـﺮ‬
dakar (eg.) olibanum, oriental frankincense (resin of Boswellia carteri; bot.);
‫( ﻟﺒـﺎن ﺷـﺎﻣﻲ‬eg.) a pitchy resin used as a depilatory (resin of Pinus Brutia
Ten.); ‫اﻟﻌﺬراء‬ ‫ ﻟﺒﺎن‬al-‘adrā’ magnesia, Epsom salts, bitter salt

‫ ﻟﺒﺎن‬libān sucking, nursing; (eg.) towline
‫ ﻟﺒﺎن‬labbān brickmaker; milkman
Confidential
‫ ﻟﺒﺎﻧﺔ‬lubāna pl. -āt, ‫ ﻟﺒﺎن‬lubān wish, desire, object, aim, goal, end; business,
undertaking, enterprise
‫ ﻟﺒﺎﻧﺔ‬libāna selling or production of milk products, dairy
‫ ﻟﺒﻨـﺔ‬labina, ‫ ﻟﺒـﻮن‬labūn, ‫ ﻟﺒﻮﻧـﺔ‬labūna pl. ‫ ﻟﺒـﺎن‬libān, ‫ ﻟـﱭ‬lubn, lubun, ‫ﻟﺒـﺎﺋﻦ‬
labā’in milk, giving milk | ‫ﻟﺒﻮن‬ ‫( ﺣﻴﻮان‬ḥayawān) mammal
‫ ﻟﺒﲎ‬lubnā storax tree
‫ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‬lubnān2 Lebanon
‫ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﱐ‬lubnānī Lebanese (pl. -ūn) a Lebanese
‫ ﻣﻠﱭ‬malban a sweet made of cornstarch, sugar, mastic and pistachios
‫ ﻣﻠﺒﻨﺔ‬malbana dairy
‫ ﻟﺒﻮة‬labwa pl. labawāt lioness
‫ ﻟـﱮ‬II to follow, obey (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a call, an invitation), respond, accede (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to),
comply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with a request), carry out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an order) | ‫ﻟـﱮ ﻧـﺪاء رﺑـﻪ‬ (nidaā’a
rabbihī) to be called away by the Lord, pass away
‫ ﻟﺒﻴﻚ‬labbaika here I am! at your service!
1391
‫ ﺗﻠﺒﻴــﺔ‬talbiya following, obeying, observance, accedence, response,

compliance | ‫ل‬ ‫( ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬talbiyatan) in compliance with; ‫( ﺗﻠﺒﻴـﺔ ﻟﺪﻋﻮﺗـﻪ‬li-da‘watihī)
upon his invitation
‫ ﻟﺒﲑ‬libēriyā Liberia
‫ ﻟـﺖ‬latta u (latt) to pound, bray, crush (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to mix with water (‫ﻫ ـ‬
flour); to knead (‫ ﻫـ‬dough); to roll (‫ ب‬s.th. in), coat (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with); (eg.) to
prattle, chatter | ‫ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ‬ ‫( ﻟـﺖ وﻋﺠـﻦ ﰲ‬wa-‘ajana, mas’ala) not to tire of raising
a problem anew, discuss a question back and forth
‫ ﻟﺖ‬latt (eg.) idle talk, prattle
‫ ﻟﺘﺎت‬lattāt (eg.) prattler, chatterbox, windbag
‫ ﻟﱰ‬litr pl. -āt liter
‫( ﻟﺘﻤﻮس‬Engl.) litmūs litmus
‫ ﻟﺘﻮاﻧﻴﺎ‬lituwāniyā Lithuania
‫ اﻟﱵ‬allatī see ‫( اﻟﺬي‬alphabetically)
‫ ﻟﺜﺔ‬see ‫ﻟﺜﻮ‬
Confidential
‫ ﻟﺜـﻎ‬latiga a (latag) to pronounce defectively (esp. the lingual r), lisp (‫ث‬
for ‫ﻟﺴﲔ‬ ‫( س( | ﻟﺜﻎ‬sīn) to lisp the s
‫ ﻟﺜﻐﺔ‬lutga defective pronunciation, lisping
‫ اﻟﺜﻎ‬altag2, f. ‫ ﻟﺜﻐﺎء‬latgā’2, pl. ‫ ﻟﺜﻎ‬lutg having a speech defect, lisping
‫ ﻟـﺜﻢ‬latama i (latm) to kiss (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to strike, hit, wound, injure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II
to veil (‫ ﻫـ‬the face) with the li/dm (q.v.); to veil, cover (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V and VIII to
veil one’s face; to cover o.s., wrap o.s. up, muffle o.s.
‫ ﻟﺜﻤﺔ‬latma kiss
‫ ﻟﺜـﺎم‬litām veil (covering the lower part of the face to the eyes); cover,
wrapping
‫ ﻣﻠﺜﻢ‬mutallam and ‫ ﻣﺘﻠﺜﻢ‬mutalattim veiled
‫ ﻟﺜﺔ‬lita pl. -āt, ‫ ﻟﺜﻰ‬litan gums
‫ ﻟﺜـﻮي‬litawī gingival, alveolar, of or pertaining to the gums | ‫اﳊـﺮوف اﻟﻠﺜﻮﻳـﺔ‬
the interdental sounde ‫ذ‬ ,‫ ث‬and ‫( ;ظ‬phon.)
1392
‫ ﰿ‬lajja (1st pers. perf. lajijtu) a and (1st pers. perf. lajajtu) i (‫ ﳉﺞ‬lajaj, ‫ﳉﺎج‬
lajāj, ‫ ﳉﺎﺟﺔ‬lajāja) to be stubborn, obstinate, unyielding, relentless; to persist,
persevere (‫ ﰲ‬in); to insist (‫ ﰲ‬on); to continue (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), keep doing s.th. (‫;)ﰲ‬
to importune, pester, trouble, bother, inconvenience (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to bear
down (‫ ب‬on s.o.), hit hard, wear out, weaken, exhaust (‫ ب‬s.o., e.g., battle),
torment, harass (‫ ب‬s.o., e.g., hunger) III to argue or dispute obstinately (‫ه‬
with s.o.) VIII to be noisy, uproarious, tumultuous; to roar, storm, rage
‫ ﰿ‬lujj and ‫ ﳉـﺔ‬lujja pl. ‫ ﳉـﺞ‬lujaj, ‫ ﳉـﺎج‬lijāj depth of the sea; gulf, abyss,
chum, depth
‫ ﳉﻲ‬lujjī fathomless, of tremendous depth (sea)
‫ ﳉﺔ‬lajja clamor, din, noise, hubbub
‫ ﳉﺎﺟ ــﺔ‬lajāja stickling, disputatiousness; obstinacy, stubbornness;
insistence, persistence
‫ ﳉﻮج‬lajūj and ‫ ﻻج‬lājj obstinate, stubborn, unyielding, relentless, insistent,
troublesome, importunate, obtrusive, officious
Confidential
‫ ﳉﺄ‬laja’a a (‫ ﰿء‬laj’, ‫ ﳉـﻮء‬lujū’) and ‫ ﳉـﺊ‬laji’a a (‫ ﳉـﺄ‬laja’) to take refuge (‫اﱃ‬
in), resort, have recourse (‫ اﱃ‬to), fall back (‫ اﱃ‬on); to seek information (‫اﱃ‬
from), refer (‫ اﱃ‬to) II to coerce, force, compel (‫ه‬
shelter, protect, guard (‫ ه‬s.o.); to entrust,
‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to) IV do.; to
commit (‫ اﻣـﺮﻩ اﱃ‬amrahū one’s
cause, one’s affairs to) VIII to flee (‫ اﱃ‬to), take refuge (‫ اﱃ‬in), resort, have
recourse (‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ﻣﻠﺠــﺄ‬malja’ pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﺟــﺊ‬malāji’2 (place of) refuge, retreat; shelter;
sanctuary, asylum; home; base; pillbox, bunker, dugout | ‫ﻣﻠﺠـﺄ اﻷﻃﻔـﺎل‬ day
nursery, nursery school, children’s home; ‫ ﻣﻠﺠـﺄ اﻷﻳﺘـﺎم‬orphanage; ‫ﻣﻠﺠـﺄ اﻟﺸـﻴﻮخ‬

home for the aged; ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻴـﺎن‬ ‫ ﻣﻠﺠـﺄ‬m. al-‘umyān institution for the blind; ‫ﻣﻠﺠـﺄ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﺠـﺰة‬m. al-‘ajaza infirmary; O ‫( ﻣﻠﺠـﺄ ﻣﻀـﺎد ﻟﻠﻐـﺎرات اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬muḍādd, jawwīya)
air-raid shelter
‫ اﻟﺘﺠﺎء‬iltijā’ resorting, recourse (‫ اﱃ‬to), seeking refuge (‫ اﱃ‬in, with)
‫ ﻻﺟﺊ‬lāji’ one seeking refuge; refugee; emigrant; inmate of an asylum
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﺠﺊ‬multaji’ one seeking refuge, a refugee
1393
‫ ﳉﺐ‬lajab noise, uproar, tumult; huge, boisterous army

‫ ﳉﺐ‬lajib uproarious, tumultuous, noisy, clamorous
‫ ﳉﻠـﺞ‬lajlaja and II talajlaja to repeat wordsìn speaking; to stammer,
stutter
‫ ﳉﻠﺠﺔ‬lajlaja stutter; stammering, stammer
‫ ﳉﻼج‬lajlāj stutterer, stammerer
‫ ﻣﻠﺠﻠﺞ‬mulajlaj constantly repeated, reiterated
‫ ﳉﻢ‬lajama u (lajm) to sew (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II and IV to bridle, rein in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a horse);
to restrain, curb, hold down, silence (‫ ه‬s.o.); to put the bridle (‫ ه‬on s.o.)
VIII to be bridled, be curbed, be tamed, be harnessed (e.g., energies)
‫ ﳉﺎم‬liillm pl. ‫ اﳉﻤﺔ‬aljima, ‫ ﳉﻢ‬lujum bridle, rein
‫ ﻣﻠﺠﻮم‬maljūm and ‫ ﻣﻠﺠﻢ‬muljam bridled, curbed, harnessed
‫ ﳉﻦ‬lajina a (lajn) to cling, adhere, stick (‫ ب‬to)
‫ ﳉﻨــﺔ‬lajna pl. -āt, ‫ ﳉــﺎن‬lijān, ‫ ﳉــﻦ‬lijan board, council, commission,
‫ﳉﻨــﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴــﻖ‬ ‫ﳉﻨــﺔ ادارﻳــﺔ‬
Confidential
committee | investigating committee; (idārīya)
administrative board, committee of management; ‫ﳉﻨــﺔ اﻻﻣﺘﺤــﺎن‬ board of

examiners, examination board; ‫ ﳉﻨـﺔ اﻻﻧﻀـﺒﺎط‬disciplinary board; ‫ﳉﻨـﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳـﺔ‬
(tanfīdīya) executive committee; ‫( ﳉﻨـﺔ ﺻـﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬ṣulḥīya) arbitration committee,
board of arbitration; ‫( ﳉﻨــﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴــﺔ‬far‘īya) subcommittee; ‫)ﳉﻨــﺔ ﻗــﺎرة )ﻣﺴــﺘﺪﳝﺔ‬
(qārra, mustadīma) standing committee, permanent committee; ‫اﳌﺮاﻗﺒـﺔ‬ ‫ ﳉﻨـﺔ‬l.

al-mūrāqaba board of directors
‫ ﳉﲔ‬lujain silver
‫ ﳉﻴﲏ‬lujainī silvery
‫ ﱀ‬laḥḥa (laḥḥ) to be close (relationship) IV to implore, beseech, request
with urgency; to insist (‫ ﰲ‬on); to be‫س‬et, importune, pester, harass (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.);
to urge, press (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.o. to do s.th.)

‫ ﳊﺢ‬laḥiḥ and ‫ ﻻح‬close, narrow
‫ ﳊﻮح‬laḥūḥ obstinate, stubborn, persistent
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﺎح‬milḥāḥ obstinate, stubborn, persistent; importunate, obtrusive
1394
‫ اﳊــﺎح‬ilḥāḥ urging, pressing, urgency, insistence; emphasis; urgent

solicitation, earnest request | ‫ ﳊﺎح‬or ‫إﳊﺎح‬ ‫ ﰲ‬insistently, earnestly, urgently
‫ ﻣﻠـﺢ‬muliḥḥ pressing, urgent; persistent; insistent, emphatic; importunate,
obtrusive
‫ ﻻﺣﺐ‬lāḥib open, passable (road); o electrode
‫ ﳊﺞ‬laḥaj2 Lahej (sultanate and city in the Aden Protectorate)
‫ ﳊـﺪ‬laḥada a (laḥd) to dig a grave; to bury, inter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deviate from
the right course, digress from the straight path; to abandon one’s faith,
apostatize, become a heretic; to lean, incline, tend (‫ اﱃ‬to) IV = I; VIII to
deviate, digress; to abandon one’s faith, apostatize, become a heretic or
unbeliever; to be inclined, lean, incline, tend (‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ﳊـﺪ‬laḥd pl. ‫ ﳊـﻮد‬luḥūd, ‫ أﳊـﺎد‬alḥād grave, tomb; (ancient meaning: charnel
vault with a niche for the corpse in the lateral wall)
‫ ﳊﺎد‬laḥḥād gravedigger
‫ إﳊﺎد‬ilḥād apostasy; heterodoxy, heresy
‫ إﳊﺎدي‬ilḥādī of or pertaining to godlessness
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﺪ‬mulḥid heretical, unbelieving; -- (pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﺪة‬malāḥida) apostate,
renegade; heretic
‫ ﳊـﺲ‬laḥasa a (laḥs) to eat away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. a moth the wool), devour (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); -- laḥisa a (laḥs, ‫ ﳊﺴـﺔ‬laḥsa, luḥsa, ‫ ﻣﻠﺤـﺲ‬malḥas) to lick (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
lick up, lap up, lick out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﻮس‬malḥūs licked; (eg.) imbecilic
‫ ﳊـﻆ‬laḥaẓa a (laḥẓ, ‫ ﳊﻈـﺎن‬laḥaẓān) to regard, view, eye (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.),
look (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬at); to notice, see, perceive, observe (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬that) III to regard,
view, eye (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), look (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬at); to see, behold (‫ ه‬s.o.), catch light
(‫ ه‬of); to notice, perceive, observe (‫ ان‬that, ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to remark, say, make the
remark (‫ ان‬that); to consider, bear in mind, observe, heed, take into
consideration (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pay attention (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to supervise, superintend (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) | ‫ ﻻﺣـﻆ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ‬to observe or notice s.th. in s.o.; ‫ ﳑـﺎ ﻳﻼﺣـﻆ ان‬mimmā
yulāḥaẓu anna it will be noticed that ..., obviously ..., evidently ...
‫ ﳊﻆ‬laḥẓ pl. ‫ اﳊﺎظ‬alḥāẓ look, glance
1395
‫ ﳊﻈـﺔ‬laḥẓa pl. laḥaẓāt (quick or casual) look, glance, glimpse; moment,

instant | ‫اﻟﺮاﻫﻨﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬the present moment, the immediate present; ‫ ﰲ ﳊﻈـﺔ‬in a
moment, instantly; ‫ ﰲ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﻠﺤﻈـﺔ‬at that moment; ‫ ﳊﻈـﺎت‬laḥaẓātin for a few
moments
‫ ﳊﻈﺘﺌﺬ‬laḥẓata’idin at that moment
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﺔ‬mulāḥaẓa pl. -āt seeing, noticing, perception; observation; remark,
comment, casual statement, note; observance, heed, notice, attention,
consideration; supervision, superintendence, surveillance, control | ‫ذو‬
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬considerable, notable
‫ ﻻﺣﻈﺔ‬lāḥẓa pl. ‫ ﻟﻮاﺣﻆ‬lawāḥiz2 eye; look, glance
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﻮظ‬malḥūẓ noted, noteworthy, remarkable
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‬malḥūẓa pl. -āt observation; remark; note
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻆ‬mulāḥiẓ director, superintendent; overseer, supervisor, foreman
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻆ‬mulāḥaẓ: ‫ واﳌﻼﺣﻆ ان‬obviously ..., evidently ...
‫ ﳊـﻒ‬laḥafa a (laḥf) to cover, wrap (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do.; to request or demand
Confidential
urgently V and VIII to wrap o.s. (‫ ب‬in), cover s.o. (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﳊﻒ‬liḥf foot of a mountain
‫ ﳊـﺎف‬liḥāf pl. ‫ ﳊـﻒ‬luḥuf (also ‫ اﳊﻔـﺔ‬alḥifa) cover, blanket; bedcover,
counterpane, coverlet, quilt, comforter, wrap
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﻒ‬milḥah and ‫ ﻣﻠﺤﻔﺔ‬milḥafa pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻒ‬malāḥif2 cover, blanket; wrap
‫ اﳊﺎف‬ilḥāf importunity (of a petitioner)
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﺤﻒ‬multaḥif wrapped (‫ ب‬in), covered (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﳊﻖ‬laḥiqa a (laḥq, ‫ ﳊـﺎق‬laḥaq) to catch up (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬with s.o.), overtake (‫ب‬
or s.o.), to reach (‫ب‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to catch, make (‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a train), to touch
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to cling, adhere, attach o.s., stick, hang on, keep close (‫ ب‬to s.o.),
to join (‫ ب‬s.o.), come along (‫ ب‬with s.o.), to follow, succeed (‫ ب‬s.o.), to
unite (‫ ب‬with); to betake o.s., go (‫ ب‬to), to enter (‫ ﲟﺪرﺳـﺔ‬bi-madrasatin a

school, ‫ ﲞﺪﻣـﺔ‬bi-kidmatin a service, ‫ﲞﺪﻣﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ ﳊـﻖ‬to take up a position with s.o.,
enter the services of s.o.), to overcome, befall, affect, afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.; disease,
fear, loss, and the like), come, descend (‫ ه‬upon s.o., calamity, etc.), to be
1396
incumbent (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), be imperative (‫ ه‬for) III to follow (‫ ه‬s.o.); to go

after s.o. (‫)ه‬, trail, pursue, chase (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to attach, affix, join, subjoin,
append, annex, add (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. to). enclose (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in); to connect (‫ب ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. with); to increase, augment (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. by), to take in all a member,
admit (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. to an organization, and the like), enroll (‫ ب ه‬s.o. in), to
inflict (‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬upon s.o. or s.th. s.th.), cause (‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬s.o. or s.th. s.th., esp.
damage); pass. ulḥiqa to be admitted (‫ ب‬to an organization, a society, etc.),
become a member (‫ ب‬of), enter (‫ ب‬a service) VI to follow in close
succession; to pursue or chase each other, to blend into a continuous
sequence, pass insensibly into each other VIII to reach (‫ ب‬s.th. or s.o.); to
catch up (‫ ب‬with), overtake (‫ ب‬s.th. or s.o.); to join (‫ ب‬s.o.), go or come
along (‫ ب‬with), to enter (‫ ب‬a service, a school, a university), join (‫ ب‬an

army, an organization, etc.), become a member (‫ ب‬of), to matriculate (‫ ب‬at
a university), enroll (‫ ب‬in a faculty), to take up (‫ ب‬a position, a job), to be
Confidential
attached (‫ ب‬to), be connected, be affiliated (‫ ب‬with), to be attached,
devoted, loyal |
s.th.)
‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﺒﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ‬to go into government service X to annex (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﳊﻖ‬pl. ‫ اﳊﺎق‬alḥāq cultivable alluvial soil left behind by a flood

‫ ﳊﻘــﻲ‬laḥaqī: ‫( ﻣ ـﻮاد ﳊﻘﻴــﺔ‬mawādd) detritus (geol.), alluvium, alluvial
residues
‫ ﳊـﺎق‬liḥāq accession (‫ ب‬to), entry, entrance (‫ ب‬to, into), joining (‫ ب‬of),
enrollment (‫ ب‬in), membership (‫ ب‬in)
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻘﺔ‬mulāḥaqa pl. -āt pursuit, chase; legal prosecution
‫ اﳊــﺎق‬ilḥāq joining, junction, subjunction, attachment, appending,
affixation, affixture, addition, annexation; admission (‫ ب‬to an organization,
and the like), enrollment (‫ ب‬in an association, and the like), political
annexation
‫ اﻟﺘﺤـﻖ‬iltiḥāq entering (‫ ب‬of), entry, entrance (y to office. into a school.
etc.), joining (‫ ب‬of), affiliation (‫ ب‬with); accession (‫ ب‬to)
‫ اﺳﺘﻠﺤﺎق‬istilḥāq annexation; avowal of paternity (jur.)
1397
‫ ﻻﺣـﻖ‬lāḥiq reaching; overtaking; subsequent, following; added, affixed,

appended, subjoined, attached, joined, connected | ‫ ﺳـﺎﺑﻘﺎ – ﻻﺣﻘـﺎ‬sābiqan –
lāḥiqan previously -- later on, at first -- subsequently
‫ ﻻﺣﻘـﺔ‬lāḥiqa pl. ‫ ﻟﻮاﺣـﻖ‬lawāḥiq2 appendage, appurtenance, adjunct; pl.
acceasories, appurtenances, adjuncts, dependencies
‫ ﻣﻠﺤـﻖ‬mulḥaq added, affixed, appended, attached, subjoined (‫ ب‬to s.th.),
enclosed (‫ ب‬in s.th.); adjoining, adjacent, contiguous; written or printed in
the margin, marginal; appertaining, appurtenant, incident, pertinent,
accompanying; incorporated, annexed; supplement; -- (pl. -āt, ‫ﻣﻼﺣــﻖ‬
malāḥiq2) appendix; addition, addendum, postscript; supplement, extra
sheet (of a newspaper, periodical, book); enclosure (in a letter); appendage;
pendant, locket; tag, label; trailer (of a truck, etc.); annex, subsidiary
building, wing or addition to a building; -- (pl. -ūn) attaché; assistant; pl.
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت‬also: annexed provinces, dependent territories, dependencies | ‫ﻣﻠﺤـﻖ‬
‫( ﲝﺮي‬baḥrī) naval attaché; ‫( ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﲡـﺎري‬tijārī) commercial attaché; ‫ﻣﻠﺤـﻖ ﺟـﻮي‬
(jawwī) air attaché; ‫‘( ﻣﻠﺤـﻖ ﻋﺴـﻜﺮي‬askarī) or ‫( ﻣﻠﺤـﻖ ﺣـﺮﰊ‬ḥarbī) military
Confidential
attaché; ‫ﺻﺤﻔﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﻠﺤﻖ‬ṣuḥufī) press attaché; ‫( ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﻓﺨﺮي‬fakrī) titular attaché
‫ ﻣﺘﻼﺣــﻖ‬mutalāḥiq successive, consecutive, uninterrupted. continuous |
‫ ﻣﺘﻼﺣﻖ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ‬m. al-ḥaraka in continuous motion
‫ ﳊـﻢ‬laḥama u (laḥm) to mend, patch, weld, solder (up) (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- laḥima
a to get stuck II to solder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to join in battle, engage in a mutual
massacre; to cling together, cleave together, stick together, hang together,
cohere; to hold firmly together; to be joined, united VIII to adhere, cleave,
stick (‫ ب‬to); to be in immediate contact (‫ ب‬with); to cling (‫ ب‬to), fit closely
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to grapple, fight, struggle (in a clinch or in close combat); to cling
together, cleave together, cohere; to stick together; to be interjoined,
intermesh, be closely united; to close, heal up, sear over, cicatrize (wound)
‫ ﳊـﻢ‬laḥm pl. ‫ ﳊـﻮم‬luḥūm, ‫ ﳊـﺎم‬liḥām flesh; meat | ‫( ﺑﻠﺤﻤـﻪ وﺷـﺤﻤﻪ‬šaḥmihī) in
his real human form; ‫ودﻣﺎ‬ ‫( ﳊﻤﺎ‬daman) dyed in the wool, inveterate
‫ ﳊﻤﺔ‬laḥma (n. un.) a piece of flesh or meat
‫ ﳊﻤـﺔ‬laḥma, luḥma pl. ‫ ﳊـﻢ‬luḥam woof, weft (of a fabric); decisive factor,
motif; luḥma relationship, kinship
‫ ﳊﻤﻴﺔ‬laḥmīya conjunctiva
1398
‫ ﳊﻢ‬laḥm fleshy, corpulent; carnivorous

‫ ﳊﺎم‬liḥām pl. -āt soldering; welding; soldered seam, soldered joint; solder
‫ ﳊﺎم‬laḥḥām butcher; solderer; welder
‫ ﳊﻴﻢ‬laḥīm fleshy
‫ ﳊﺎﻣﺔ‬laḥāma fleshiness, corpulence
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﻤـﺔ‬malḥama pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﺣـﻢ‬malāḥim2 bloody fight, slaughter, massacre,
fierce battle
‫ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻣﻠﺤﻤﻲ‬ši‘r malḥamī heroic poem
‫ اﻟﺘﺤــﺎم‬iltiḥām close union; cohesion; conjunction, union, connection,
coherence; adhesion (phys.); grapple, struggle, fight, close combat
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﺤﻤﺔ‬multaḥima conjunctiva
‫ ﳊـﻦ‬laḥana a (laḥn, ‫ ﳊـﻮن‬luḥūn, ‫ ﳊﺎﻧـﺔ‬laḥāna) to speak ungrammatical
Arabic (interspersed with barbarisms); -- laḥina a to be intelligent II to
chant, psalmodize; to intone, strike up a melody; to set to music, compose
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﳊﻦ‬laḥn pl. ‫ اﳊﺎن‬alḥān, ‫ ﳊﻮن‬luḥūn air, tune, melody; grammatical mistake,
Confidential
solecism, barbarism
‫ ﳊﻦ‬laḥin intelligent, understanding, sensible
‫ ﺗﻠﺤﲔ‬talḥīn pl. ‫ ﺗﻼﺣﲔ‬talāḥīn2 musical composition, musical arrangement
‫ ﺗﻠﺤﻴﲏ‬talḥīnī singable
‫ ﻣﻠﺤـﻮن‬malḥūn incorrect, ungrammatical (language); (magr.) poetry in
colloquial language
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﻦ‬mulaḥḥin composer
(‫ ﳊـﻮ‬and ‫ﳊـﺎ‬ (‫ ﳊـﻲ‬laḥā (laḥw) and ‫ ﳊـﻰ‬laḥā a (laḥy) to insult, abuse, revile
(‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to call each other names, heap abuses on each other VIII to grow
a beard
‫ ﳊﻮ‬laḥw and ‫ ﳊﻲ‬laḥy insult, abuse, invective, vilification, defamation
‫ ﳊﻲ‬laḥy, dual: ‫ ﳊﻴﺎن‬laḥyān, pl. ‫ اﱀ‬alḥin, ‫ ﳊﻲ‬luḥīiy jawbone
‫ ﳊﻴـﺔ‬liḥya pl. ‫ ﳊـﻰ‬luḥan, liḥan beard, whiskers (on cheeks and chin), full
beard | ‫ﳊﻴﺘـﻪ‬ ‫ اﻃﻠـﻖ‬aṭlaqa liḥyatahū to let one’s beard grow; ‫ ﳊﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻴﺲ‬l. at-tais
salsify (Tregopogon porrifolium; bot.)
‫ ﳊﻴﺔ‬luḥayya2 Luhaiya (town in NW Yemen, on Red Sea)
1399
‫ ﳊﺎء‬liḥā’ bast
‫ اﳊﻰ‬alḥā long-bearded
‫ ﻣﻠـﺘﺢ‬multaḥin bearded, having a beard, e.g., ‫( ﻣـﺎﺗﺢ ﺑﻠﺤﻴـﺔ ﺳـﻮداء‬bi-liḥya
saudā’) a black-bearded man
‫ ﳋـﺺ‬II to abridge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to summarize, sum up, epitomize, condense,
compress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to excerpt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make an excerpt or extract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to
give the essence of s.th.; to sketch, outline (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); pass. ‫ ﻳﻠﺨﺺ‬yulakkaṣu it
can he summed up (‫ان‬ ‫ﰲ‬ to the effect that) V to he summarized, be
epitomized, be condensed, be summed up (‫ ﰲ‬in), amount briefly (‫ ﰲ‬to), be
in its essence (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), narrow down (‫ ﰲ‬to)
‫ ﺗﻠﺨــﻴﺺ‬talkīṣ abridgement; condensation; summary, resume; epitome,
abstract, synopsis, outline; brier, abort report
‫ ﻣﻠﺨـﺺ‬mulakkaṣ abridged, excerpted, summarized, condensed; (pl. -āt)
extract, excerpt, essence, gist
‫ ﳋﻠﺦ‬laklaka to shake, shake off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II talaklaka to shake, totter
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻠﺨﻠﺦ‬mulaklak shaky, unsteady, tottering
‫ ﳋﻤﺔ‬lakama, lukama sluggish; gauche, awkward, clumsy
‫ ﳋﻦ‬lakan putrid stench
‫ ﳋـﻦ‬alkan2, f. ‫ ﳋﻨـﺎء‬laknā’2, pl. ‫ ﳋـﻦ‬lukn stinking; uncircumcized (as an
abusive term)
1‫ ﻟﺪة‬lida see ‫وﻟﺪ‬
2‫ اﻟﻠﺪ‬al-lidd Lydda (city and international airport in W Israel)
3‫ ﻟـﺪ‬ladda a (ladd) to dispute violently, have a fierce quarrel (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
II to defame, slander (‫ ب‬s.o.); to bewilder, perplex, nonplus V to turn

helplessly right and left, be bewildered, perplexed, confused; to be
headstrong, recalcitrant
‫ ﻟﺪد‬ladad vehement quarrel, violent dispute
‫ ﻟـﺪود‬ladūd, ‫ اﻟـﺪ‬aladd2, f. ‫ ﻟـﺪاء‬laddā’2, pl. ‫ ﻟـﺪ‬ludd, ‫ ﻟـﺪاد‬lidād, ‫ اﻟـﺪاء‬aliddā’2
fierce, grim, dogged, tough | ‫اﻟـﺪ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﺪو‬adūw) mortal enemy, archenemy, foe;
‫ ﻋﺪو ﻟﺪود‬do.
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﺪد‬mutaladdid obstinate, recalcitrant, headstrong, rebellious
1400
‫ ﻟـﺪغ‬ladaga u (ladg) to sting, bite (snake, s.o.); to taunt, hurt, offend (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ ﻟﺪﻏﺔ‬ladga sting; bite
‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻎ‬ladīg pl. ‫ ﻟﺪﻏﺎء‬ludagā’2, ‫ ﻟﺪﻏﻰ‬ladgā stung; bitten
1‫ ﻟـﺪن‬laduna u (‫ ﻟﺪاﻧـﺔ‬ladāna, ‫ ﻟﺪوﻧـﺔ‬ludūna) to be soft, supple, pliant,
flexible, resilient, elastic II to soften (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to mollify, attenuate, temper,
ease, mitigate, alleviate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻟـﺪن‬ladn pl. ‫ ﻟـﺪن‬ludn, ‫ ﻟـﺪان‬lidān soft, gentle; pliant, pliable, flexible,
supple, resilient, elastic; plastic
‫ ﻻدن‬lādan, lādin laudanum
‫ ﻟﺪاﻧـﺔ‬ladāna and ‫ ﻟﺪوﻧـﺔ‬ludūna softness, pliability, flexibility, suppleness,
plasticity, resilience, elasticity
‫ ﻟﺪاﺋﻦ‬ladā’in2 plastics
2‫ ﻟـﺪن‬ladun (prep.) at, by, near, close to; in the presence of, in front of,
‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻟـﺪن‬from, on the part of; since; -- (conj.)

before, with; in possession of;
Confidential
since, from the moment when; ‫ ﻟﺪن ان‬do.
‫ ﻟﺪﱐ‬ladunī (i.e. ‫ )ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪن ﷲ‬mystic; ‫‘( اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻠﺪﱐ‬ilm), ‫ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﻠﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬knowledge
imparted directly by God through mystic intuition (in Sufism)
‫ ﻟـﺪى‬ladā (prep.) at, by (place and time); in the presence of, in front of,
before, with | ‫اﳊﺎﺟـﺔ‬
‫ ﻟـﺪى‬in case of need, if necessary; ‫ ﻟﺪﻳـﻪ‬ladaihi he has; ‫ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ‬the condition you are in, your state of mind; ‫ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻏﲑﻣﺎ‬... (gairu) we
know no more than what ...
‫ ﻟـﺬ‬ladda (1st pers. perf. ladidtu) a (‫ ﻟـﺬاذ‬ladad, ‫ ﻟـﺬاذة‬ladāda) to be sweet,
delicious, delightful, pleasant, gratify the senses II and IV to please, gratify,
delight (‫ ه‬s.o.); to give pleasure (‫ ه‬to s.o.) V and VIII to be pleased,
delighted (‫ ب‬at), delight, revel, take pleasure (‫ ب‬in), be gratified (‫ ب‬by); to
find (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) delicious or pleasant, take delight (‫ ﻫـ‬in), enjoy, savor, relish (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.) X to find delicious or pleasant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to find delightful (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
take pleasure (‫ ﻫـ‬in)

‫ ﻟـﺬة‬ladda pl. -āt joy, rapture, bliss; pleasure, enjoyment, delectation,
delight; sensual delight, lust, voluptuousness
1401
‫ ﻟﺬﻳـﺬ‬ladīd pl. ‫ ﻟـﺬ‬ludd, ‫ ﻟـﺬاذ‬lidād delicious, delightful; pleasant; beautiful,

wonderful, splendid, magnificent; sweet
‫ ﻟﺬاذة‬ladāda pl. ‫ ﻟﺬاﺋﺬ‬ladā’id2 sweetness; charm; bliss; rapture; enjoyment,
delectation; pleasure, delight
‫ ﻣﻠــﺬة‬maladda pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣــﻼذ‬malādd2 joy, pleasure, amenity, comfort;
delightfulness, enjoyment, delectation; voluptuousness
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﺬذ‬mutaladdid epicure
‫ ﻟـﺬع‬lada‘a a (lad‘) to burn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to brand, cauterize (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hurt
(with words), insult, offend (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to burn
‫ ﻟﺬع‬lada‘ burning, combustion; conflagration, fire | ‫ ﻟﺬع اﻟﺒﻨﺎدق‬rifle fire
‫ ﻟـﺬاع‬laddā‘ burning; very hot, scorching; pungent, acrid, sharp; biting
(words)
‫ ﻟـﻮذع‬lauda‘ and ‫ ﻟـﻮذﻋﻲ‬lauda‘ī sagacious, ingenious, witty, quick-witted,
quick at repartee
‫ ﻟﻮذﻋﻴـﺔ‬lauda‘īya sagacity, ingenuity, esprit, wit, quick-wittedness, mental
alertness
Confidential
‫ ﻻذع‬lādi‘ burning; pungent, acrid, biting; sharp
‫ ﻻذﻋﺔ‬lādi‘a pl. ‫ ﻟﻮاذع‬lawādi‘2 gibe, taunt
‫ اﻟﻼذﻗﻴﺔ‬al-lādiqīya Latakia, the ancient Laodicea (seaport in W Syria)
1‫ ﻟﺬي‬ladiya a (ladan) to adhere, cleave (‫ ب‬to)
2‫ اﻟﺬي‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻟـﺰ‬lazza (1st pers. perf. lazaztu) u (lazz, ‫ ﻟـﺰز‬lazaz, ‫ ﻟـﺰزاز‬lizāz) to tie (‫ب ه‬
s.th. to), connect or join firmly, unite (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. with), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) stick
(‫ ب‬to) II to connect or join firmly, press together (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cram together;
to urge, press, coerce (‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to) VI to be crammed together; to lie close
together V and VIII to be united, joined, connected (‫ ب‬with); to adhere,
cleave, stick (‫ ب‬to)
‫ ﻟﺰ‬lazz and ‫ ﻟﺰة‬lazza U bolt, staple, cramp
‫ ﻣﻠﺰز‬mulazzaz crammed together; closely united; firm, solid, compact
1402
‫ ﻟﺰب‬lazaba u (‫ ﻟﺰوب‬luzūb) to be firm, be firmly fixed, hold fast; to adhere,

cleave, cling (‫ ب‬to); to stick (‫ ب‬to); -- laziba a (lazab) to cohere, cleave
together, stick together
‫ ﻟﺰب‬lazib pl. ‫ ﻟﺰاب‬lizāb little
‫ ﻟﺰﺑﺔ‬lazba pl. ‫ ﻟﺰب‬lizab misfortune, calamity
‫ ﻻزب‬lāzib sticking, adhering, clinging; firm, firmly fixed | ‫ﺻـﺎر ﺿـﺮﺑﺔ ﻻزب‬
(ḍarbata l.) to become necessary, indispensable; ‫( ﺿـﺮب ﺿـﺮﺑﺔ ﻻزب‬ḍuriba) to
meet with grave misfortune, be stricken by disaster
‫ ﻟـﺰج‬lazija a (lazaj, ‫ ﻟـﺰوج‬luzūj) to be sticky, ropy, gluey, viscid; to stick,
cling, get stuck (‫ ب‬to)
‫ ﻟﺰج‬lazij sticky, gluey, ropy, viscid; adhesive
‫ ﻟﺰوﺟﺔ‬luzūja stikiness, glueyness, ropiness, viscidity
‫ ﻟـﺰق‬laziqa a (‫ ﻟـﺰوق‬luzūq) to adhere, cling, cleave, stick, (‫ ب‬to) II to affix,
post (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stick on, paste on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to paste together (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); (eg.)
Confidential
to palm off, foist (‫ل‬
VIII = I
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. on s.o.) IV to Palte on, stick on, affix (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻟـﺰق‬lizq adjoining, adjacent, contiguous | ‫ ﻟﺰﻗـﻪ‬lizqahū or ‫ ﺑﻠﺰﻗـﻪ‬close to his

side, cose by
‫ ﻟﺰق‬laziq sticky, gluey
‫ ﻟﺰﻗﺔ‬lazqa compress, stupe; plaster
‫ ﻟﺰاق‬lizāq adhesive, agglutinant, glue, cement, paste
‫ ﻟـﺰوق‬lazūq and ‫ ﻻزوق‬lāzūq compress, stupe; plaster, adhesive plaster,
court plaster
‫ ﻟــﺰم‬lazima a (‫ ﻟــﺰوم‬luzūm) to cling, adhere, belong (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), attend,
accompany (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to persist, persevere (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in), stick, keep (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), keep
doing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);to adhere, be attached, keep close, stick (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to be
inseparable (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.o., from s.th.); to stay permanently (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in); to be
necessary; to be requisite, imperative, indispensable (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to be
incumbent (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), be s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬duty | ‫)ﻟـﺰم دارﻩ )ﻓﺮاﺷـﺔ‬ to stay at home
(in bed); ‫ﻟـﺰم اﻟﺼـﻤﺖ‬ (ṣamta) to keep went, maintain silence III to attend,
1403
accompany (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to adhere, stick, keep (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to pursue or practice

incessantly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be constantly with s.o. or in s.o.’s company (‫)ه‬, be
constantly around s.o. (‫ )ه‬to be assigned (‫ ه‬to), accompany, attend (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to be inseparable (‫ﻫـ‬ ,‫ ه‬from s.th., from s.o.); to keep doing (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), persist,
persevere (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in); to work with perseverance, display sustained activity (‫ﻫ ـ‬
for) IV to force, compel (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. to); to force, press (‫ﻫ ـ ه‬, also ‫ ب ه‬upon
s.o. s.th.); to enjoin, impose as a duty (‫ﻫ ـ ه‬, also ‫ ب ه‬on s.o. s.th.), obligate
(‫ﻫـ ه‬, also ‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. to or to do s.th.) | ‫( اﻟﺰﻣﻪ اﳊﺠﺔ‬ḥujja) to force proof on s.o.,
force s.o. to accept an argument; ‫ اﻟﺰﻣـﻪ اﻟﻔـﺮاش‬to confine s.o. to bed, compel
s.o. to my in bed (of a disease); ‫( اﻟﺰﻣـﻪ اﳌـﺎل‬or ‫ ) ﳌـﺎل‬to impose the payment of
a sum on s.o. VI to be attached or devoted to each other, be inseparable VIII
to adhere, stick, keep, hang on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to keep doing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), persist,
persevere (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in), keep up, maintain preserve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), abide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬by); to take
upon o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make a rule (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) one’s duty,
Confidential
impose upon o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to assume as a duty (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to undertake,
obligate o.s., bind o.s., pledge (‫ ب‬or‫ ﻫ ـ‬to do s.th.); to be in duty bound, be
obligated or under obligation, be or become liable (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬to do s.th.); to be
forced, be compelled (‫ ب‬or a to do s.th.); to be responsible (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to
take over the monopoly (‫ ﻫـ‬of s.th.), monopolize, farm (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., the levying of
tax..) X to deem necessary (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to necessitate, make necessary or
requisite (a s.th.); to require, need (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), call (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), be in need (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of
s.th.)
‫ ﻟﺰﻣﺔ‬lazma pl. -āt official concessions, license, franchise
‫ ﻟـﺰوم‬luzūm necessity, exigency, requirement; need, want | ‫ﺣﺴـﺐ اﻟﻠـﺰوم‬
ḥasaba l-l. as required, as the occasion demands; ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻟﻠـﺰوم‬in case of need,
when (if) necessary, if need be; ‫( ﺑﺴـﻜﻮﻳﺖ ﻟـﺰوم اﻟﺴـﻔﺮ ﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬l. as-safar bi-l-
baḥr) biscuit for the voyage
‫ ﻟﺰام‬lizām necessary, requisite; necessity, duty, obligation | ‫ﻛﺎن ﻟﺰاﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ان‬
to be s.o.’s duty to ..., be necessary for s.o. that he ...
1404
‫ اﻟﺰم‬alzam2 more necessary, most necessary

‫ ﻣﻠﺰﻣـﺔ‬malzama pl. ‫ ﻣـﻼزم‬malāzim2 section, signature (of a book, = 16
octavo sheets)
‫ ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ‬milzama pl. ‫ ﻣﻼزم‬malāzim2 vise; press
‫ ﻣﻼزﻣــﺔ‬mulāzama adhesion, clinging, sticking; remaining, staying,
dwelling; close attachment; dependence; inseparableness, inherence,
intrinsicality; following, pursuit, pursuance; perseverance, assiduity, zeal
‫ اﻟﺰام‬ilzām coercion, compulsion
‫ اﻟﺰاﻣﻲ‬ilzāmī forced, compulsory, obligatory, required
‫ اﻟﺘـﺰام‬iltizām pl. -āt necessity; duty, obligation, commitment, liability;
engagement (philos. ); contract; farming of taxes, farmage; concession,
license, franchise; monopoly; ‫ اﻟﺘﺰاﻣـﺎ‬iltizāman by contract, by the job | ‫ﻗـﺎم‬
‫ﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬ to meet one’s obligations
‫ ﻻزم‬lāzim inherent, intrinsic, inseparable, indissoluble; necessary,
requisite, imperative, indispensable, unavoidable, inevitable, inescapable;
incumbent, binding, obligatory; intransitive (gram.); legally binding,
Confidential
irrevocable (Isl. Law) | ‫ ﻛﺎﻻزم‬as it must be, comme il faut, properly
‫ ﻻزﻣﺔ‬lāzima fixed attribute, inherent property; standing phrase (of s.o.)
‫ ﻟـﻮازم‬lawāzim2 (pl.) necessary, inseparable attributes or manifestations;
necessities, exigencies, requirements; necessaries, requisites; necessaries,
fixtures
‫ ﻣﻠـﺰوم‬malzūm obligated, under obligation, liable | ‫( ﻣﻠـﺰوم ﻷداء‬adā’) liable
for taxes, taxable
‫ ﻣﻠﺰوﻣﻴﺔ‬malzūmīya duty, obligation, commitment, liability
‫ ﻣﻼزم‬mulāzim tenacious (with foil. gen. it.: of), clinging, keeping, sticking
(with foll. genit.: to); persevering, persisting, remaining, abiding;
inseparable; closely connected, or attached; attending, accompanying;
adhering; adherent, follower, partisan; second lieutenant (U.A.R., Tun.) |
‫ﻣـﻼزم اول‬ (awwal; U.A.R., Leb., Jord., Ir.) first lieutenant; ‫ﻣـﻼزم ن‬ (tānin;
Leb., Jord., Ir., formerly also Eg., syr.) second lieutenant
‫ ﻣﻠﺘــﺰم‬multazim engaged, committed, under obligation; holder of a
concession or monopoly; tax farmer; concessionaire, concessionary;
contractor
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﺰم‬multazam pl. -āt requirement
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻣﺎت‬mustalzamāt requirements, prerequisites, requisites; necessary or
inevitable consequences
1405
‫ ﻟﺴﺘﻚ‬lastik and ‫ ﻟﺴﺘﻴﻚ‬lastīk rubber; eraser

‫ ﻟﺴﻊ‬lasa‘a a (las‘) to sting (‫ ه‬s.o.); to burn
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., the mouth); to hurt (with words; ‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬las‘a sting, bite; biting words
‫ ﻟﺴﻴﻊ‬lasī‘ pl. ‫ ﻟﺴﻌﻰ‬las‘ā, ‫ ﻟﺴﻌﺎء‬lusa‘ā’2 stung
‫ ﻻﺳﻊ‬lāsi‘ stinging; burning; biting, acrid, pungent, sharp
‫ ﻟﺴﻦ‬lasina a (lasan) to be eloquent II to point, taper, sharpen (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻟﺴﻦ‬lasan eloquence
‫ ﻟﺴﻦ‬lasin and ‫ اﻟﺴﻦ‬alsan2, f. ‫ ﻟﺴﻨﺎء‬lasnā’2, pl. ‫ اﻟﺴﻦ‬alsun eloquent
‫ ﻟﺴـﺎن‬lisān m. and f. , pl. ‫ اﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬alsina, ‫ اﻟﺴـﻦ‬alsun tongue; language;
mouthpiece (fig.), organ (esp., of a newspaper; = ‫ ﻟﺴﺎن اﳊﺎل‬see below) | ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﻟﺴﺎن‬from his mouth, through him; ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﺼﺤﻒ‬l. iṣ-ṣuḥuf) through the
organ of the press; ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫( ﻗﻴـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬qīla) things were ascribed to him which
..., he was rumored to have said things which ...; ‫( ﻟﺴـﺎن رﲰـﻲ‬rasmī) official
Confidential
organ; ‫( ﻣﺘﺤـﺪث ﺑﻠﺴـﺎن وزارة اﳋﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ‬mutaḥaddit) a spokesman of the Foreign
Ministry; ‫ ﻟﻠﺴﺎن‬or ‫ ﻟﺴﺎ‬lisānan orally, verbally; ‫( دار ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺴـﻦ اﳋـﺎص واﻟﻌـﺎم‬a.
il-kāṣṣ wa-l-‘āmm) to be the talk of the town, be on everyone’s lips; ‫ﻟﺴـﺎن‬
‫ اﻟﺜﻮر‬l. at-taur borage (Borago officinalis; bot.); ‫ ﻟﺴﺎن اﳊﺎل‬the language which
things themselves speak, silent language, mute expression (as distinguished
from the spoken word); organ (of a party or political movement; a
newspaper); ‫ وﻟﺴﺎن ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﻘﻮل‬while he seemed to say ..., with an expression as
if he wanted to say ...; ‫ ﻟﺴـﺎن اﳊﻤـﻞ‬l. al-ḥamal plantain (Plantago major L.;
bot.); ‫ ﻟﺴـﺎن اﻟﻌﺼـﻔﺮ‬l. al-‘uṣfur common ash (Fraxinus excelsior; bot.); ‫ﻟﺴـﺎن‬
‫ اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬l. al-qufl bolt of the lock; ‫ ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻘﻮم‬l. al-qaum spokesman (of a crowd);
‫ﻟﺴـﺎن اﻟﻜﻠــﺐ‬ l. al-kalb hound’s-tongue (Cynoglossum; bos.); (eg.) also a
variety of scorpion’s tail (Scorpiurus muricatus L.; bot.), having circinately
coiled pods; ‫ﻟﺴـﺎن اﳌﻔﺘـﺎح‬ l. al-miftāḥ bit of the key; ‫ذو ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﲔ‬ dū lisanain
double-tongued, deceitful, insincere, two-faced
‫ ﻟﺴﺎﱐ‬lisānī oral, verbal
‫ ﻣﻠﺴﻮن‬malsūn liar
1406
‫ ﻟﺸﺒﻮﻧﺔ‬lišbōna2 Lisbon (capital of Portugal)

(‫ ;* ﻟﺸـﻰ‬from lā šai’a:) III to suppress, crush, destroy, ruin, annihilate (.
s.th.) VI to be suppressed, be crushed, be destroyed, be annihilated; to come
to nothing, be ruined, be frustrated, fail; to disappear, vanish, dwindle,
wane, fade
‫ ﻣﻼﺷﺎة‬mulāšāh annihilation, destruction
‫ ﺗــﻼش‬talāšin annihilation, ruin, failure, frustration; disappearance,
evanescence, vanishing, waning, decline
‫ ﻣــﺘﻼش‬mutalāšin coming to nothing, dwindling, waning; destructible;
evanescent, transient, ephemeral
‫ ﻟﺺ‬laṣṣa u (laṣṣ) to do stealthily or secretly (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to rob, steal (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
V to become a thief; to act stealthily
‫ ﻟﺺ‬liṣṣ pl. ‫ ﻟﺼﻮص‬luṣūṣ, ‫ اﻟﺼﺎص‬alṣāṣ thief, robber
‫ ﻟﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ‬luṣūṣīya thievery, theft, robbery
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﺼـﺺ‬mutalaṣṣiṣ behaving like a thief, thievish | ‫( اﺗـﻰ ﻣﺘﻠﺼﺼـﺎ اﱃ‬atā) to
steal to, sneak up to
‫ ﻟﺼـﻖ‬laṣiqa a (laṣq, ‫ ﻟﺼـﻮق‬luṣūq) to adhere, cleave, cling, stick (‫ ب‬to) II to
Confidential
paste together, stick together (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to adjoin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be next (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to
s.th.), be contiguous (with), abut (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on), touch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be in touch, in
connection, in contact (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to attach, affix, stick, paste, glue ( ‫ب‬
‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. to); to connect (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with), join ( s.th. to); to bring (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) close
(‫ ب‬to); to press (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. against) | ‫( اﻟﺼﻖ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬lauḥa) to post a placard; ‫اﻟﺼﻖ‬
‫( ﺑﻪ ﻤﺔ‬tuhma) to raise an accusation against s.o. VI to cleave together, cling

together, cohere, stick together; to agglomerate, conglomerate, cake, frit
together; to blend, pass into each other VIII = I; to hang on (‫ ب‬to), get stuck
(‫ ب‬to, on); to fit closely (‫ ب‬s.th.), cling (‫ ب‬to)
‫ ﻟﺼﻖ‬liṣq adhering, clinging, cleaving | ‫ ﻟﺼـﻖ‬close to him (or it); ‫ﻫـﻮ ﺑﻠﺼـﻘﻲ‬
‫ ))ﻟﺼﻘﻲ‬he and I are inseparable
‫ ﻟﺼﻖ‬laṣiq sticky, gluey, glutinous; adhesive, agglutinant; tenacious
‫ ﻟﺼــﻴﻖ‬laṣīq one who cleaves or clings (‫ ب‬to); adjoining, adjacent,
bordering, neighboring, abutting, contiguous; close-fitting, skintight (dress)
‫ ﻟﺼﻖ‬laṣūq plaster
1407
‫ ﻣﻼﺻــﻘﺔ‬mulāṣaqa junction, conjunction, connection, contact, union;

adjacency, contiguity; O adhesion, cohesion (phys.)
‫ اﻟﺼﺎق‬ilṣāq poster, bill
‫ ﺗﻼﺻـﻖ‬talāṣuq and ‫ اﻟﺘﺼـﺎق‬iltiṣāq cohesion, adhesion; contiguity, contact;
coherence
‫ ﻣﻼﺻــﻖ‬mulāṣiq adjoining, adjacent, abutting, contiguous, bordering,
neighboring, in close contact; companion; neighbor; adherent
‫ ﻣﻠﺼـﻖ‬mulṣaq attached, affixed; stuck on, pasted on, glued on; fastened;
brought close; connected, joined; (pl. -āt) poster, bill, placard
‫ ﻣﺘﻼﺻـﻖ‬mutalāṣiq cohering, sticking together; blending, passing into each
other
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﺼـﻖ‬multaṣiq attached, affixed, adhesive, sticking; adjoining, adjacent,
bordering, neighboring; contiguous, connected, meeting or touching each
other, in contact; in the immediate proximity (‫ ب‬of), close to (‫)ب‬
‫ ﻣﻠﻀﻮم‬malḍūm de (row), close (rank)
‫ ﻟﻄـﺦ‬laṭaka a (laṭk) to stain, blot, sully, soil, spatter, splash (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
Confidential
with) II do. V to he soiled or stained
‫ ﻟﻄﺨﺔ‬laṭka pl. laṭakāt smear, blotch, spot; stain, blemish, blot, disgrace
‫ ﻟﻄﺨﺔ‬luṭaka pl. -āt and ‫ ﻟﻄﻴﺦ‬liṭṭīk ass, dolt, fool
‫ ﻟﻄﺲ‬laṭasa u (laṭs) to strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻠﻄﺎس‬milṭās pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﻃﻴﺲ‬malāṭīs2 pickax
‫ ﻟﻄﺶ‬laṭaša u (laṭš) to strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻟﻄﻊ‬laṭa‘a a (laṭ‘) to strike, hit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to strike out, erase (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻟﻄﻌﺔ‬laṭ‘a blot, stain
‫ ﻟﻄـﻒ‬laṭafa u (luṭf) to be kind and friendly (‫ ب‬or ‫ ل‬to, toward s.o.); --
laṭufa u (‫ ﻟﻄﺎﻓـﺔ‬laṭāfa) to be thin, fine, delicate, dainty; to be graceful; to be
elegant; to be nice, amiable, friendly II to make mild, soft, gentle, soften (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to mitigate, alleviate, ease, soothe, allay, palliate, assuage, extenuate
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; also ‫ ;)ﻣﻦ‬to moderate, temper, lessen, diminish, reduce (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; also
‫;)ﻣــﻦ‬ to tone down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; also ‫)ﻣــﻦ‬ III to treat with kindness, with
benevolence (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be civil and polite (‫ ه‬to, toward s.o.); to be
complaisant, obliging, indulgent, compliant (‫ ه‬toward s.o.), humor (‫ ه‬s.o.);
1408
to flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.), fawn (‫ ه‬upon); to caress, fondle, pet (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ﻻﻃﻔـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺘﻔﻪ‬ (katifihī) to pat s.o. on the shoulder
V to be mitigated, be tempered, be moderated; to be civil and polite,
show o.s. friendly and kind, be so kind as to do s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to bestow most
kindly, have the kindness to give (‫ ب‬s.th., also, e.g., advice. ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); to
be tender, affectionate, nice (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to win (‫ ب‬s.o.) over by subtle
means, by favors, by tricks; to go about s.th. (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ )ب‬gently, carefully, with
caution; to do secretly, covertly, without being noticed (‫ ب‬with verbal noun:
s.th.) VI to show o.s. friendly and kind; to be polite, courteous, civil, nice X
to find (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) pretty, sweet, nice; to like, find pleasant or charming (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﻟﻄـﻒ‬lutf pl. ‫ اﻟﻄـﺎف‬alṭāf kindness, benevolence, friendliness; gentleness,
mildness; civility, courteousness, politeness; daintiness, cuteness,
gracefulness; delicateness, delicate grace (e.g., of the limbs) | ‫ ﺑﻠﻄـﻒ‬gently,
softly
Confidential
‫ ﻟﻄﺎﻓــﺔ‬laṭāfa thinness fineness, delicateness; gracefulness, loveliness,
charm; kindness, benevolence; friendliness; politeness, esprit, intellectual
refinement, sophistication; suavity, urbaneness
‫ ﻟﻄﻴـﻒ‬laṭīf pl. ‫ ﻟﻄـﺎف‬liṭāf, ‫ ﻟﻄﻔـﺎء‬luṭafā‘2 thin; fine; delicate, dainty; little,
small, insignificant; gentle, soft, light, mild; pleasant, agreeable; amiable,
friendly, kind, nice; civil, courteous, polite; affable, genial; pretty, charming,
lovely, graceful; intellectually refined, full of esprit, brilliant, witty; elegant;
‫ اﻟﻠﻄﻴـﻒ‬the Kind (one of the attributes of God) | ‫ ﻟﻄﻴـﻒ‬O my God! good
heavens! for goodness sake! ‫( اﳉﻨﺲ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ‬jins) the fair sex
‫ ﻟﻄﻴﻔـﺔ‬laṭīfa pl. ‫ ﻟﻄـﺎﺋﻒ‬laṭā’if2 witticism, quip; joke, jest; subtlety, nicety |
‫ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ اﳊﻴﻞ‬l. al-ḥiyal subtle tricks; ‫ ﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻨﻜﺎت‬l. an-nukāt nice jokes
‫ اﻟﻄﻒ‬alṭaf2 finer; more delicate; kinder, nicer, more elegant
‫ ﻣﻼﻃﻔـﺔ‬mulāṭafa amiable treatment, amiability; civility, courteousness,
politeness; friendliness; benevolence, kindness; caress; pl. -āt caresses
‫ ﺗﻠﻄــﻒ‬talaṭṭuf friendliness (‫ ب‬toward s.o.), amiability; favoring,
favoritism; civility, courteousness, politeness
‫ ﻣﻠﻄﻔﺎت‬mulaṭṭafāt sedatives
1409
‫ ﻟﻄـﻢ‬laṭama i (laṭm) to strike with the hand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the face, with despair, in
lamentation); to slap (‫ ه‬s.o.); to jolt; to eject; to bump, strike (‫ ﻫ ـ‬against
s.th.); to hit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to exchange blows, fight, brawl, battle (hostile
armies); to collide, clash (waves) VIII to collide, clash
‫ ﻟﻄﻤﺔ‬laṭma pl. laṭamāt blow; slap, box on the ear; jolt, thrust
‫ ﻟﻄﻴﻢ‬laṭīm parentless
‫ ﻣﻠﻄﻢ‬malṭam cheek
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﻄﻢ‬multaṭam clash (esp., of waves), tumult, turmoil (of a battle, and the
like), melee
‫ ﻟﻈﻲ‬laẓiya a (‫ ﻟﻈـﻰ‬laẓan) to burn brightly, flare, flame, blaze, be ablaze; to
burn with rage V and VIII do.
‫ ﻟﻈﻰ‬laẓan blazing fire, blaze, flame
‫ ﻟﻌـﺐ‬la‘aba and la‘iba a (la‘b) to slaver; to slobber, drool (baby); -- la‘iba
a (lu‘b, li‘b, la‘ib, ‫ ﺗﻠﻌـﺎب‬tal‘āb) to play (‫ ب‬with s.th.; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬an instrument); to
toy ( with); to dally (‫ ب‬with); to trick, cheat, deceive, dupe (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) | ‫ﻟﻌـﺐ‬
Confidential
‫( اﻷوراق‬aurāqa) to play cards; ‫( ﻟﻌـﺐ دورا‬dauran) to play a part or role;
‫ اﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬to make music; ‫( ﻟﻌﺐ ﻟﺸـﻄﺮﻧﺞ‬šaṭranj) to play chess; ‫ ﻟﻌﺒـﺖ ﺑـﻪ اﳍﻤـﻮم‬he
became the sport of sorrows; ‫‘( ﻟﻌـﺐ ﰲ ﻋﻘﻠـﻪ‬aqlilhī) to turn s.o.’s head II to
‫ﻟﻌـﺐ‬
make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) play, set (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) going; to wag (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the tail) III to play (‫ ه‬with
s.o.); to have fun, play around, jest, dally, trifle (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to make
play, cause to play (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to play, act playfully VI to play (‫ ب‬with s.th.);
to make fun (‫ ب‬of s.o.), mock (‫ ب‬at s.o.); to pull s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬leg; to playa
trick; to act fraudulently
‫ ﻟﻌﺐ‬la‘b, li‘b, la‘ib pl. ‫ اﻟﻌـﺎب‬al‘āb play; game, joke, jest; (un, amusement,
diversion, pastime, sport | ‫ ﻟﻌـﺐ اﻟﻘﻤـﺎر‬gambling, gamble; ‫ اﻷﻟﻌـﺎب اﻻوﳌﺒﻴـﺔ‬the
Olympic Games; ‫( أﻟﻌــﺎب ر ﺿــﻴﺔ‬riyāḍīya) athletics, sports; ‫أﻟﻌــﺎب ﺳــﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬
(siḥrīya) legerdemain, sleight of hand, magic; ‫ اﻟﻌــﺎب اﻟﻘــﻮى‬a. as-quwā
athletics, specif., track and
field; ‫اﻟﻌـﺎب رﻳـﺔ‬ (nārīya) fireworks; ‫ﺳـﺎﺣﺔ اﻷﻟﻌـﺎب‬ athletic field; ‫ﻣـﺪرس‬
‫ اﻷﺗﻌﺎب‬mudarris al-a. athletic coach, athletics instructor
1410
‫ ﻟﻌﺐ‬la‘ib funny, amusing, merry, gay

‫ ﻟﻌﺒﺔ‬la‘ba (n. un.) game; trick
‫ ﻟﻌﺒـﺔ‬lu‘ba pl. ‫ ﻟﻌـﺐ‬lu‘ab plaything, toy; doll; butt for mirth or derision,
sport, laughingstock
‫ ﻟﻌﺒﺔ‬lu‘ba, ‫ ﻟﻌﺎب‬la‘‘āb and ‫ ﻟﻌﻴﺐ‬li‘‘īb very playful
‫ ﻟﻌـﺎب‬lu‘āb saliva, spittle; slaver, drivel | ‫ ﻟﻌـﺎب اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ‬l. aš-šams gossamer,
air threads; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﺳﺎل ﻟﻌﺎﺑﻪ‬his mouth watered for …
‫ ﻟﻌﺎﰊ‬lu‘ābī salivary; mucous, slimy
‫ ﻟﻌﻴﺒﺔ‬lu‘aiba pl. -āt (little) doll
‫ ﻟﻌــﻮب‬la‘ūb flighty, coquettish, flirtatious (woman); playful, dallying,
trifling
‫ اﻟﻌﻮﺑـﺔ‬ul‘ūba pl. ‫ اﻻﻋﻴـﺐ‬alā‘īb2 plaything, toy; play, sport, dalliance; fun;
prank; trick
‫ ﻣﻠﻌـﺐ‬mal‘ab pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﻋـﺐ‬malā‘ib2 playground; athletic field, stadium;
playhouse, theater; scene; circus ring; pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﻋـﺐ‬malā‘ib matches, contests,
Confidential
events (in sports)
|
‫ ﻣﻠﻌﺒﺔ‬mal‘aba plaything, toy
‫ ﺗﻼﻋﺐ‬talā‘ub game (e.g., of a speculator, of a gambler), gamble; free play
‫ﳎـﺎل اﻟﺘﻼﻋـﺐ‬ (majāl) free play, free scope, elbow-room; latitude, margin;
clearance
‫ ﻻﻋﺐ‬lā‘ib playing; player; sportsman; athlete; gymnast | ‫ ﻻﻋـﺐ اﳉﻨﺒـﺎز‬l. al-
jumbāz gymnast, athlete
‫ ﻣﻠﻌــﻮب‬mal‘ūb pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﻋﻴــﺐ‬malā‘īb2 covered with spittle; slobbering,
driveling, drooling; prank, trick, ruse, artifice
‫ ﻣﻼﻋﺐ‬mulā‘ib fellow player; playmate, playfellow; fraudulent
‫ ﻟﻌﺜﻢ‬II tala‘tama to hesitate; to falter, stutter, stammer
‫ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺔ‬la‘tama and ‫ ﻟﻌﺜﻢ‬tala‘tum hesitation; stuttering, stutter
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﻌﺜﻢ‬mutala‘tim and ‫ ﻣﺘﻠﻌﺜﻢ اﻟﻠﺴﺎن‬m. al-lisān stammering, stuttering
‫ ﻟﻌـﺞ‬la‘aja a (la‘j) to hurt, be sore, burn III to oppress, distress, agonize (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ ﻟﻌﺠﺔ‬la‘ja pain
1411
‫ ﻻﻋـﺞ‬lā‘ij pl. ‫ ﻟـﻮاﻋﺞ‬lawā‘ij2 ardent, burning (esp., love); pl. ‫ ﻟـﻮاﻋﺞ‬ardent

love, ardor (of love)
‫ اﻟﻌﺲ‬al‘as2, f. ‫ ﻟﻌﺴﺎء‬la‘sā’2 red-lipped
‫ ﻟﻌﻖ‬la‘iqa a (la‘q, ‫ ﻟﻌﻘﺔ‬la‘qa, lu‘qa) to lick (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻟﻌﻘﺔ‬la‘qa spoonful
‫ ﻟﻌﻮق‬la‘ūq electuary
‫ ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ‬mil‘aqa pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﻋﻖ‬malā‘iq2 spoon | ‫ ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ ﺷﺎي‬teaspoon
1‫ ﻟﻌﻞ‬la‘l garnet (min.)
2‫ ﻟﻌﻞ‬la‘alla see 2‫ﻋﻞ‬
‫ ﻟﻌﻠـﻊ‬la‘la‘a to resound, reverberate, clang, roar, boom II tala‘la‘a to
shimmer, glimmer, gleam, flicker; to be starved; to be parched with thirst;
to be exhausted
‫ ﻟﻌﻠﻊ‬la‘la‘ pl. ‫ ﻟﻌﺎﻟﻊ‬la‘āli‘2 vibration of fata morgana
‫ ﻟﻌـﻦ‬la‘ana a (la‘n) to curse, damn, execrate (‫ ه‬s.o.), utter imprecations (‫ه‬
against s.o.) III to utter the oath of condemnation (‫ ﻟﻌـﺎن‬li‘ān, q.v.) VI to
Confidential
curse each other
‫ ﻟﻌﻦ‬la‘n cursing, execration, malediction
‫ ﻟﻌﻨـﺔ‬la‘na pl. la‘anāt, ‫ ﻟﻌـﺎن‬li‘ān curse; execration, imprecation | ‫ﻟﻌﻨـﺔ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
God’s curse upon him!
‫ ﻟﻌﻨﺔ‬lu‘na damned, cursed, confounded; execrable, abominable
‫ ﻟﻌـﺎن‬li‘ān oath of condemnation; sworn allegation of adultery committed
by either husband or wife (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻟﻌــﲔ‬la‘īn and ‫ ﻣﻠﻌــﻮن‬mal‘ūn pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﻋــﲔ‬malā‘īn2 cursed; confounded;
damned; outcast, execrable; detested, abhorred, abominable; ‫ اﻟﻠﻌـﲔ‬the Evil
One, the Devil
‫ ﻣﺘﻼﻋﻦ‬mutalā‘in cursing each other, hostile, inimical
‫ ﻟﻌﺎ ﻟﻚ‬la‘an laka call to one who has stumbled: may you rise again!
‫ ﻟﻐـﻮب‬lugūb, lagub exhaustion, lassitude, fatigue, weariness; great pains,
trouble, toil
‫ ﻻﻏﺐ‬lāgib pl. ‫ ﻟﻐﺐ‬luggab languid, fatigued, weary, tired
‫ ﻟﻐﺪ‬lugd pl. ‫ اﻟﻐﺎد‬algād, ‫ ﻟﻐﻮد‬lugūd and ‫ ﻟﻐﺪود‬lugdūd pl. ‫ ﻟﻐﺎدﻳـﺪ‬lagādīd2 flesh
at the throat and under the chin
‫ ﻟﻐﺰ‬lagaza u (lagz) to speak in riddles; to equivocate III and IV do.
1412
‫ ﻟﻐـﺰ‬lugz pl. ‫ اﻟﻐـﺎز‬algāz riddle, puzzle; enigma; conundrum; mystery, secret

| O ‫اﳌﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ‬ ‫ ﻟﻐﺰ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬l. al-kalimāt al-mutaqāṭi‘a crossword puzzle
‫ ﻣﻠﻐــﺰ‬mulgaz puzzling, enigmatic, cryptic, mysterious; dark, obscure,
ambiguous, equivocal
‫ ﻟﻐـﻂ‬lagaṭa a (lagṭ, ‫ ﻟﻐـﺎط‬ligāṭ) to be clamorous and noisy; to raise a din; to
shout, clamor II and IV do.
‫ ﻟﻐـﻂ‬lagṭ, lagaṭ, pl. ‫ اﻟﻐـﺎط‬algāṭ noise, din; clamor, shouting; lamentation
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬over or for s.th.) i uproar, turmoil, tumult
2‫ ﻟﻐﻢ‬lagama to mine, plant with mines (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻟﻐﻢ‬lugm, lagam pl. ‫ اﻟﻐﺎم‬algām mine

‫ ﻟﻐﻢ‬lagm and ‫ اﻟﻐﺎم‬ilgām mining (e.g., of a harbor, of a road, etc.)
2 ‫ﻟﻐﻢ‬IV to amalgamate, alloy with mercury
‫ ﻟﻐﺎم‬lugām foam, froth
‫ اﻟﻐﺎم‬ilgām amalgamation
Confidential
‫ ﻟﻐﻤﻂ‬lagmaṭa (eg.) to smear, sully, soil
‫ )ﻟﻐـﺎ )ﻟﻐـﻮ‬lagā u (lagw) to speak; to be null; -- ‫ ﻟﻐـﺎ‬lagā u (lagw) and ‫ﻟﻐـﻲ‬
lagiya a (‫ ﻟﻐـﺎ‬lagan, ‫ ﻻﻏﻴـﺔ‬lāgiya, ‫ ﻣﻠﻐـﺎة‬malgāh) to talk nonsense; to make
mistakes (in speaking) sV to render ineffectual (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to declare null and
void or invalid, invalidate, nullify, annul, abolish, abrogate, eliminate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), do away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to cancel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a project); to withdraw (‫ﻫ ـ‬

permission, a motion)
‫ ﻟﻐـﻮ‬lagw foolish talk; nonsense; null, nugatory, ineffectual; mistake,
blunder, ungrammatical language
‫ ﻟﻐـﺔ‬luga pl. -āt language; dialect; idiom; vernacular; lingo, jargon; word;
expression, term; ‫اﻟﻠﻐــﺔ‬ classical Arabic |‫( ﻟﻐــﺔ اﺟﻨﺒﻴــﺔ‬ajnabīya) foreign
language; ‫‘( ﻟﻐـﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻴـﺔ‬āmmīya) popular language; ‫ ﻟﻐـﺔ اﻟﻜﻨﺎﻳـﺔ‬literary language;
‫ ﻟﻐــﺔ اﶈﺎدﺛــﺔ‬l. al-muḥādata colloquial language; ‫ ﻟﻐــﺔ اﳌﻬﻨــﺔ‬l. al-mihna
professional jargon, slang; ‫ ﻟﻐﺔ اﳌﻮﻟـﺪ‬l. al-maulid mother tongue; ‫ اﻫـﻞ اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ‬ahl
al-l. philologists, lexicographers; ‫اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ‬ilm al-l. lexicography, philology,
linguistic science, linguistics
1413
‫ ﻟﻐﻮة‬lagwa dialect, idiom, vernacular

‫ ﻟﻐــﻮي‬lugawī linguistic; philologic(al); lexicographic(al); philologist,
lexicographer, linguist; ‫ت‬ ‫ ﻟﻐﻮ‬linguistic matters, philologica
‫ إﻟﻐــﺎء‬ilgā’ abolishment, abolition, abrogation, repeal, elimination,
cancellation, revocation, rescission; annulment, nullification, quashing;
countermand
‫ ﻻغ‬lāgin abrogated, repealed, annulled, canceled, invalid, ineffective,
null and void
‫ ﻻﻏﻴﺔ‬lāgiya grammatical mistake, incorrect usage
‫ ﻣﻠﻐــﻰ‬mulgan abrogated, repealed, annulled, canceled, invalid, void;
abolished; expired; suppressed; negligible
‫ ﻟﻒ‬laffa u (laff) to wrap up, roll up, fold up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wind, coil, spool,
reel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wind (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. on; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. around), twist, wrap, fold
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. around); to envelop (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in or with), cover, swathe,
swaddle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in or with), wrap, infold (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in); to
connect (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. ‫ ب‬s.th.
Confidential
with), join, attach (0 to); to grow densely, be
overgrown, form a tangled mass; to make a round of calls (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), visit
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬people); (eg.) to go around s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, go about s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬in a roundabout
way, make a detour, beat about the bush | ‫ﻟﻔﻪ‬ ‫( ﻟﻒ‬laffahū) to do just like s.o.,
be of the same kind as s.o., belong to the same sort as s.o. II to wrap up or
infold tightly V to wrap o.s. up (‫ ﰲ‬in), cover o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬with) VIII do.; to wind,
twist, coil; to turn, make a turn (automobile, etc.); to intertwine, grow in a
tangled mass; to gather, assemble, rally (‫ ﺣـﻮل‬around); to clasp, enclose,
encircle, embrace (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﻟـﻒ‬laff winding, coiling; wrapping, enfolding; rolling, folding; (eg.)
circumambience, circumvention, detour, roundabout way, subterfuge,
dodge, excuses; pl. ‫اﻟﻔـﺎف‬ alfāf swaddling clothes, diapers | ‫اﻟﻠـﻒ واﻟـﺪوران‬
(dawarān) detours and evasions; ‫( ﻟــﻒ وﻧﺸـﺮ‬našr) folding and unfolding;
involution and evolution (rhet.); ‫ ﻣــﻦ ﻏـﲑ ﻟــﻒ‬without much ado, without
ceremony
‫ ﻟــﻒ‬liff pl. ‫ اﻟﻔــﺎف‬alfāf densely growing trees; pl. thicket, scrub,
undergrowth, brushwood
1414
‫ ﻟﻔـﺔ‬laffa pl. -āt turn, rotation, revolution; coil, twist, convolution, whorl,
spire; winding; roll, scroll; pack, packet, package, bundle, bale; turban | ‫ﻟﻔـﺔ‬
‫( ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬barīdīya) postal package; ‫( ﻟﻔﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮق‬raqq) parchment scrolls
‫ ﻟﻔﺎﻓـﺔ‬lifāfa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻟﻔـﺎﺋﻒ‬lafā’if wrapping, covering, cover, envelope;
wrapper, wrap; altar cloth, cloth covering the paten and chalice (Copt.-Chr.);
bandage; swaddling band; puttee; cigarette (also ‫ ﻟﻔﺎﻓـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺘﺒـﻎ‬min at-tibg);
pl. ‫( ﻟﻔﺎﺋﻒ‬fig.) guise (of s.th.)
‫ ﻟﻔﻴـﻒ‬lafīf gathered, assembled; crowded, thronging; multitude, crowd,
swarm, body, cluster, group (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of people); mixed company | ‫ﻟﻔﻴـﻒ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬
mob, rabble, riffraff; ‫اﻷﺟﻨﱯ‬ ‫( اﻟﻠﻔﻴﻒ‬ajnabī) the Foreign Legion
‫ ﻟﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬lafīfa bundle; package, pocket, pack; cigarette
‫ اﻟﻒ‬alaff2 f. ‫ ﻟﻔﺎء‬laffā’2 stout, plump (figure, body)
‫ ﻣﻠـﻒ‬milaff pl. -āt reel, spool; coil (el.); winding; wrapping, covering,
casing; blanket, sleeping blanket; cover, wrapper, jacket (of a book, etc.);
‫ﻣﻠــﻒ اﻟﺘــﺄﺛﲑ‬
Confidential
(letter) envelope; folder, portfolio; letter file; dossier | O
induction coil (el.); O ‫( ﻣﻠـﻒ اﺑﺘـﺪاﺋﻲ‬ibtidā’ī) primary coil (el.); O ‫ﻣﻠـﻒ ﺧـﺎﻧﻖ‬
choking coil, choke (el.)
‫ ﻣﻠﻔﺎف‬milfāf wrapping, covering, cover
‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻴـﻒ‬talfīf pl. ‫ ﺗﻼﻓﻴـﻒ‬talāfīf2 winding; coil, twist, convolution, whorl,
spire; pl. ‫ ﺗﻼﻓﻴﻒ‬expletive after ‫ﰲ‬, e.g., ‫ﺳﻮﻳﺪاﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫( ﰲ ﺗﻼﻓﻴﻒ‬suwaidā’ihā) in the
depth of her heart; ‫( ﰲ ﺗﻼﻓﻴـﻒ اﻟﻈـﻼم‬ẓalām) in the dark; ‫ ﺑـﲔ ﺗﻼﻓﻴﻔـﻪ‬in it, inside
it, around in it
‫ اﻟﺘﻔـﺎف‬iltifāf turn; bypassing, outflanking, sank movement, envelopment,
surrounding
‫ ﻣﻠﻔــﻮف‬malfūf wound, coiled; wrapped up (‫ ﰲ‬in); rolled up, rolled
together, convolute; twisted, wound (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬around); fastened, attached (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
to); swathed (‫ ب‬in or with); plump, stout (body); (syr.) cabbage
‫ ﻣﻠﺘـﻒ‬multaff winding, twisting, coiling; wound, coiled; rolled up, rolled
together, convolute; spirally wound; intertwined, interwoven, entwined;
gathered, assembled, grouped (‫ ﺣﻮل‬around); clasping, enclosing, embracing,
encircling (‫ ب‬s.th.)
1415
‫ ﻟﻔـﺖ‬lafata i (laft) and IV to turn, bend, tilt, incline, direct (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to or

toward), focus (‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.th. on); to turn sway, avert (‫ ﻋﻦ ﻫـ‬s.th. from) | ‫ﻟﻔﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﻩ‬
‫( اﱃ‬naẓarahū), ‫ اﻟﻔـﺖ ﻧﻈـﺮﻩ اﱃ‬to turn one’s eyes or one’s attention to; to direct
s.o.’s eyes to, call s.o.’s attention to; ‫ ﻟﻔـﺖ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬to catch the eye, attract
attention; to be impressive, stately, imposing; ‫ اﻟﻔـﺖ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬do.; ‫ ﻟﻔـﺖ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬to
attract, interest, or captivate people V to turn, turn around, turn one’s face
(‫ اﱃ‬to); to look around, glance around; to peer around | ‫ﺣﻮﻟـﻪ‬ ‫( ﺗﻠﻔـﺖ‬ḥaulahū)
to look around, glance around; ‫ﺗﻠﻔـﺖ ﳝﻨـﺔ وﻳﺴـﺮة‬ (yamnatan wa-yasratan) he
looked to the right and left VIII to turn, turn around, turn one’s face (‫ اﱃ‬to);
to wheel around, turn around; to address o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬to); to pay attention, attend
(‫ اﱃ‬to), heed, observe, bear in mind, consider, take into account, take into
consideration (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to take care (‫ اﱃ‬of), care (‫ اﱃ‬for) | ‫اﻟﺘﻔـﺖ ﺣﻮﻟــﻪ‬

(ḥaulahū) to look around, glance about X to attract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the eye, attention); to
claim, arouse, awaken (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the interest, the attention, ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.o.) | ‫ﻧﻈـﺮﻩ‬ ‫اﺳـﺘﻠﻔﺖ‬
Confidential
(or ‫ )اﻧﻈﺎرﻩ‬to arouse or attract s.o.’s attention, catch s.o.’s eye
‫ ﻟﻔﺖ‬lift turnip (Brassica rapa L.; bot.)
‫ ﻟﻔﺘـﺔ‬lafta (n. un.) turnabout, about-face; (pl. lalatāt) turn, turning; gesture;
sideglance, glance, a furtive, casual, or quick, look
‫ ﻟﻔﺎت‬lafāt and ‫ ﻟﻔﻮت‬lafūt ill-tempered, surly, sullen
‫ اﻟﻔﺖ‬alfat2, f. ‫ ﻟﻔﺘﺎء‬laftā’2, pl. ‫ ﻟﻔﺖ‬luft left-handed
‫ اﻟﺘﻔـﺎت‬iltifāt turn, inclination, turning (‫ اﱃ‬to, toward); attention, notice,
heed; regard, consideration; care, solicitude; sudden transition (styl.) | ‫ﺑـﺪون‬
‫ اﻻﻟﺘﻔﺎت‬bi-dūn l-ilt. inattentive(ly); ‫ ﺑـﺪون اﻻﻟﺘﻔـﺎت اﱃ‬inconsiderate of, without
consideration for; ‫‘ ﻋـﺪم اﻻﻟﺘﻔـﺎت‬adam al-ilt. inattention; ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ اﻟﻴـﻪ ﺑﻌـﲔ اﻻﻟﺘﻔـﺎت‬
(bi-‘ain l-ilt.) to give s.th. sympathetic consideration
‫ اﺳـﺘﻠﻔﺎﺗﺔ‬istilfāta (n. vic.) a turning (‫ اﱃ‬to, toward); turn of the face or eyes;
side-glance, glance
‫ اﺳﺘﻠﻔﺎت‬istilfāt stimulation of attention
‫ ﻻﻓﺘﺔ‬lāfita sign (bearing an inscription)
‫ ﻣﻠﻔﺖ‬mulfit: ‫( ﻣﻠﻔﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ‬naẓar) attracting attention, striking, conspicuous
1416
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﻔــﺖ‬multafit turning around, looking (‫ اﱃ‬at); regardful; attentive;

heedful, careful; considerate
‫ ﻟﻔﺢ‬lafaḥa a (lafḥ, ‫ ﻟﻔﺤـﺎن‬lafaḥān) to burn, scorch, sear (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); --
(lafḥ) to strike lightly; to touch, brush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., of the breath)
‫ ﻟﻔﺤﺔ‬lafḥa pl. lafaḥāt fire, heat (esp., of fever)
‫ ﻟﻔﻮح‬lafūḥ and ‫ ﻻﻓﺢ‬lāfiḥ pl. ‫ ﻟﻮاﻓﺢ‬lawāfiḥ2 burning, scorching, searing
‫ ﻟﻔﺎح‬luffāḥ mandrake (Mandragora officinarum; bot.)
‫ ﻟﻔـﻆ‬lafaẓa i (lafz) to emit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); to spit out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ب‬s.th.); to eject
(‫ﻫ ـ‬
,‫ ب‬s.th.); to throw (‫ ه‬s.o.) out (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to speak, enunciate, articulate; to
pronounce, utter, express, voice, say (‫ ه‬,‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻟﻔﻆ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻷﺧﲑ‬nafas) to
breathe one’s last, die, expire; to be in the throes of death; ‫ﻟﻔـﻆ اﻧﻔﺎﺳـﻪ‬
(anfāsahū) to be in the throes of death, breathe one’s last; ‫ﻟﻔﻈـﻪ ﻟﻔـﻆ اﻟﻨـﻮاة‬
(lafẓa n-nawāh) to spit s.th. out like a date pit, brush s.th. aside, reject s.th.,
dismiss s.th. V to pronounce, enunciate, articulate (‫ ب‬s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﻟﻔـﻆ‬lafẓ pl. ‫ اﻟﻔـﺎظ‬alfāẓ sound-group, phonetic complex; expression, term;
word; wording; formulation; articulation, enunciation, pronunciation;
verbatim, literally | ‫وﻣﻌﲎ‬

to mispronounce
‫( ﻟﻔﻈﺎ‬ma‘nan) in letter and spirit; ‫( أﺧﻄﺄ اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬akṭa’a)
‫ﻟﻔﻈـﺎ‬
‫ ﻟﻔﻈﻲ‬lafẓī of or pertaining to words, verbal; literal; pronounced; oral

‫ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ‬lafẓa pl. lafaẓāt word; utterance, saying
‫ ﻟﻔﻴﻆ‬lafīẓ ejected, emitted; pronounced, uttered
‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ‬talaffuẓ pronunciation, enunciation, articulation
‫ ﻣﻠﻔﻮظ‬malfūẓ ejected, emitted; pronounced, uttered
‫ ﻟﻔـﻊ‬lafa‘a a (laf‘): ‫ ﻟﻔـﻊ اﻟﺸـﻴﺐ رأﺳـﻪ‬l. š-šaibu ra’sahū grey hair covered his
bead II to cover (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ب‬with) | ‫ ﻟﻔـﻊ اﻟﺸـﻴﺐ رأﺳـﻪ‬l. š-šaibu ra’sahū = I; V
and VIII to wrap o.s. up (‫ ب‬in)
‫ ﻣﻠﻔﻊ‬milfa‘ head shawl, muffler
‫ ﻟﻔـﻖ‬II to invent, fabricate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to concoct, contrive, devise, think out
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to falsify (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to trump up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to patch up, piece together
(‫ اﱃ‬a s.th. with)
1417
‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ‬talfīq invention, fabrication, concoction, fibbing; falsification

‫ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﺔ‬talfīqa pl. -āt invented story, fib, yarn
‫ ﻣﻠﻔــﻖ‬mulaffaq invented, fabricated, trumped up, fake, fictitious;
concocted, contrived, devised; patched up, pieced together; embellished
with lies
‫ ﻟﻔﻠﻒ‬laflafa to wrap up, envelop, cover (a s.th.) II talaflafa to wrap o.s. up
(‫ب‬ ,‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ ﻟﻔـﻮ‬IV to find (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) VI to put right, to right, repair, correct (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to make good (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a deficiency), eliminate, remove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a danger); to
remedy (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to redress (‫ ﻫـ‬a loss, and the like), make up (‫ ﻫـ‬for a loss)
‫ ﻣﻼﻓﺎة‬mulāfāh correction, adjustment, elimination (of a deficiency)
‫ ﺗـﻼف‬talāfin repair, correction; elimination, removal (of a deficiency, of a
danger); remedy; redress, reparation
‫ ﻟﻘـﺐ‬II to call, surname (‫ ب ه‬s.o. by an agnomen or title) V to be
surnamed (‫ ب‬by an agnomen or title)
Confidential
‫ ﻟﻘـﺐ‬laqab pl. ‫ اﻟﻘـﺎب‬alqāb agnomen; nickname; title, honorific; last name,
surname, family name (as opposed to
‫ اﻟﺒﻄﻮﻟﺔ‬title of champion (in sports)
‫ اﺳـﻢ‬given name, first name) | ‫ﻟﻘـﺐ‬
‫ ﻣﻠﻘﺐ‬mulaqqab surnamed, nicknamed, called (‫ ب‬by the laqab ...)

‫ ﻟﻘـﺢ‬laqaḥa a (laqḥ) and II to impregnate, fecundate, pollinate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
graft, bud (‫ ﻫـ‬a tree); to inoculate, vaccinate (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to cross-pollinate
‫ ﻟﻘﺢ‬laqḥ impregnation, fecundation, pollination
‫ ﻟﻘـﺎح‬laqāḥ seed, semen, sperm; pollen; infective agent, virus; vaccine |
‫ ﻟﻘﺎح اﳉﺪري‬l. al-judarī variolovaccine; O ‫ ﻟﻘﺎح اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬serum
‫ ﺗﻠﻘـﻴﺢ‬talqīḥ impregnation, fecundation, pollination, grafting, budding;
inoculation, vaccination | ‫ﺗﻠﻘــﻴﺢ اﳉــﺪرى‬ t. al-judarī vaccination (against
smallpox)
‫ دﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﻠﻮاﻗﺢ‬daqīq al-lawāqiḥ2 pollen
‫ ﻣﻠﻘﺢ‬mulaqqaḥ inoculated, vaccinated
‫ ﻟﻘﺲ‬laqis: ‫ ﻟﻘﺲ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬l. an-nafs annoyed, cross
1418
‫ ﻟﻘـﻂ‬laqaṭa u (laqṭ) to gather, collect, pick up from the ground, glean (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) II = I V to gather, glean (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to pick up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., also, e.g., with the
ear) VIII = I; to receive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬radio waves, a radio message; to take (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
picture; phot.) | ‫ﺻﻮرة‬ ‫( اﻟﺘﻘﻂ‬ṣūra) to make a picture
‫ ﻟﻘﻂ‬laqaṭ that which ill picked up or gathered, leftovers, gleanings
‫ ﻟﻘﻄـﺔ‬luqṭa that which ill picked up or gleaned, gleanings; article or thing
found; (lucky) find; (eg.) bargain, pickup
‫ ﻟﻘـﺎط‬luqāṭ and ‫ ﻟﻘﺎﻃـﺔ‬luqāṭa that which is picked up or gleaned; leftover
ears of grain, gleanings; offal, refuse
‫ ﻟﻘﻴﻂ‬laqīṭ pl. ‫ ﻟﻘﻄﺎء‬luqatā’2 picked up, found; foundling
‫ ﻟﻘﻴﻄﺔ‬laqīṭa (female) foundling
‫ ﻣﻠﻘـﻂ‬milqaṭ pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﻗـﻂ‬malāqiṭ2 (pair of) tongs, pincers; (pair of) tweezers,
pincette; (pair of) pliers | ‫اﳉﻨﲔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻠﻘﻂ‬forceps; ‫ ﻣﻠﻘﻂ اﻟﻨﺎر‬fire tongs
‫ اﻟﺘﻘــﺎط‬iltiqāt gathering, collection, gleaning; taking up, picking up;
reception (radio) | ‫اﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎط‬ ‫ ﺟﻬﺎز‬jahāẓ al-ilt. receiver (radio)
Confidential
‫ ﻻﻗﻂ‬lāqiṭ receiving (radio set); gleaner; gatherer | O ‫ ﻻﻗـﻂ اﻟﺼـﻮت‬l. aṣ-ṣaut
pickup (of a phonograph); phonograph; O ‫اﻷﻟﻐﺎم‬
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻂ‬multaqiṭ finder
‫ ﻻﻗﻄﺔ‬mine sweeper
‫ ﻟﻘﻊ‬laqa‘a a (laq‘) to throwaway, discard (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻟﻘﻒ‬laqifa a (laqf, ‫ ﻟﻘﻔﺎن‬laqatan) to seize quickly, grab, snatch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
catch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to snatch up, take over (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. from s.o.) V and VIII do.;
to seize (‫ ﻫـ‬on), rob, usurp (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻟﻘﻠﻖ‬laqlaqa to clatter (stork); to babble, chatter, prattle
‫ ﻟﻘﻠﻖ‬laqlaq and ‫ ﻟﻘﻼق‬laqlāq pl. ‫ ﻟﻘﺎﻟﻖ‬laqāliq2 stork
‫ ﻟﻘﻠﻘﺔ‬laqlaqa clatter (of a stork); babble, chatter, prattle; (eg.) gossip
1‫ ﻟﻘـﻢ‬laqama u (laqm) to clog up, obstruct, block (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- laqima a
(/aqrn) to eat, devour. gobble, swallow up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to feed bit by bit (‫ه‬
s.o.); to load (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a weapon; syr.) | ‫اﻟﻘﻬـﻮة‬
‫( ﻟﻘـﻢ‬qahwa) to stir ground coffee into
hot water IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) swallow; to feed bit by bit (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to
1419
devour, swallow up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) ‫ ﻟﻘﻤـﺔ‬luqma pl. ‫ ﻟﻘـﻢ‬luqam bite; bit, mouthful;

little piece, morsel | ‫ ﻟﻘﻤــﺔ ﺳــﺎﺋﻐﺔ‬titbit, choice morsel: ‫ﺟﻌﻠــﻪ ﻟﻘﻤــﺔ ﺳــﺎﺋﻐﺔ ل‬
(ja‘alahū) to make s.o. an easy prey of ...; ‫ ﻟﻘﻤـﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺿـﻲ‬pastry of fine flour,
fried in oil like doughnuts and sprinkled with sugar or honey
‫ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬luqaima pl. -āt snack, bit, morsel
‫ ﻣﻠﻘـﻢ‬mulaqqim pl. -ūn (syr.; mil.) assistant gunner, loader, cannoneer no.
1
2‫ ﻟﻘﻤﻲ‬laqmī or ‫( ﻻﻗﻤﻲ‬magr.) palm wine
3 ‫ﻟﻘﻤـﺎن‬ luqmān2 Lokman, a legendary sage and author of numerous

fables | ‫ﺣﺎﳍﺎ‬ ‫( ﺑﻘﻴﺖ دار ﻟﻘﻤﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ‬baqiyat) everything has remained as before
‫ ﻟﻘـﻦ‬laqina a (‫ ﻟﻘﺎﻧـﺔ‬laqāna, ‫ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬laqāniya) to understand, grasp (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
gather, infer, note (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to teach (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. s.th.), instruct (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. in);
to dictate (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.); to instill, infuse, inculcate, inspire (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬in s.o.
s.th.), insinuate, suggest (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to whisper (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.),
Confidential
prompt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; to learn, receive, get (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from), be informed
(‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫـ‬of s.th. by)
‫ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﺔ‬laqāna and ‫ ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬laqāniya quick understanding, grasp

‫ ﺗﻠﻘ ــﲔ‬talqīn instruction, direction; dictation; dictate; inspiration,
insinuation, suggestion; suborning of a witness (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻣﻠﻘـﻦ‬mulaqqin prompter; inspirer; a faqīh who instructs the deceased at
his grave what to tell the two angels of death
‫ ﻟﻘﻮة‬laqwa facial paralysis
‫ ﻟﻘـﻲ‬laqiya a (‫ ﻟﻘـﺎء‬liqā’, ‫ ﻟﻘﻴـﺎن‬luqyān, ‫ ﻟﻘـﻲ‬luqy, ‫ ﻟﻘﻴـﺔ‬luqya, ‫ ﻟﻘـﻰ‬luqan) to
encounter (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.), meet (‫ه‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o., with s.th.); to meet (‫ه‬
s.o.); to come across s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫)ﻫ ـ‬, light upon s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to
find (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to experience, undergo, suffer, endure (III s.th.), meet
with s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to fall to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬lot or share III to meet, come to meet (‫ه‬
s.o.); to encounter (‫ ه‬s.o.), have an encounter (‫ ه‬with); to come across s.o.
or s.th. (‫ه‬ ,‫)ﻫـ‬, light upon s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to experience, undergo, suffer,
endure (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.). meet (‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.); to receive, get, obtain, achieve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) |
1420
‫( ﻻﻗـﻰ آذا ﺻـﺎﻏﻴﺔ‬ṣāgiyatan) to find willing ears IV to throw, cast, fling (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to throw off, throw down. drop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to throw away, discard (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to put or lay (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) before s.o. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, submit (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.),
pose (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a question to s.o.); to report (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th. to s.o.), set
forth (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to recite, play, sing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a song, a musical
composition); to present (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., a broadcast); to give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a lecture),
hold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a class), make, deliver (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a speech); to extend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a greeting, ‫ اﱃ‬to
s.o.); to impose, lay (‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. on s.o.), burden (‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with s.th. s.o.) | ‫اﻟﻘﻰ‬
‫ اﻟﻘـﻰ ﻻ ل‬,‫ ﻟـﻪ اﱃ‬to pay attention to; ‫( اﻟﻘـﻰ ﺑﻴــﺎ ﻋـﻦ‬bayānan) to make a
statement about or on; ‫( اﻟﻘــﻰ اﻟﺒــﻴﺾ‬baiḍ) to lay eggs; ‫( اﻟﻘــﻰ ﺑﺰﻣﺎﻣــﻪ اﱃ‬bi-
ẓimāmihī) or ‫( اﻟﻘـﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺪ اﻣـﺮﻩ اﱃ ﻓـﻼن‬m. amrihī) to lay one’s rate in s.o.’s
hands, entrust one’s fate to s.o.; ‫( اﻟﻘـﻰ ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬binafsihī) to throw o.s. into,
plunge into; ‫( اﻟﻘﻰ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ اﺣﻀﺎﻧﻪ‬aḥḍānihī) to throw o.s. into s.o.’s arms; ‫اﻟﻘﻰ‬
Confidential
‫( ﺑﻴـﺪﻩ‬bi-yadihī) to surrender to s.o., give o.s. up to s.o.; ‫اﻟﻘـﻰ اﳊﺒـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻐـﺎرب‬
(ḥabl) to give froe rein, give a free hand, impose no restraint; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘـﻰ ﺧﻄـﺎ‬
to make a public address to; ‫( اﻟﻘﻰ اﻟﺪرس‬dars) to recite the lesson; ‫اﻟﻘـﻰ اﻟﺮﻋـﺐ‬
‫( ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ru‘b, qalbihì) to strike terror to s.o.’s heart, frighten, alarm s.o.; ‫اﻟﻘـﻰ‬
‫ اﻟﺴـﻼح‬to lay down one’s arms, capitulate, surrender; ‫( اﻟﻘـﻰ اﳌـﻊ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬sam‘) to
lend one’s ear to s.o., listen to s.o.; ‫( اﻟﻘـﻮا اﻟﻴـﻪ اﲰـﺎﻋﻬﻢ‬asmā‘ahum) they lent
him their ears, they listened to him; ‫( اﻟﻘـﻰ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺳـﺆاﻻ‬suālan) to put a question
to s.o., ask s.o. a question; ‫ اﻟﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ‬to impose s.th. on s.o., hold s.o.
responsible for; ‫ اﻟﻘـﻰ ﻋﻠﻮﻣـﺎ‬to teach sciences; ‫( اﻟﻘـﻰ اﻟﻘـﺒﺾ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬qabḍ) to arrest
s.o.; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬‫ اﻟﻘـﻰ اﻟﻘﻨﺎﺑـﻞ‬to drop bombs on s.th., bomb s.th.; ‫( اﻟﻘـﻰ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﻘـﻮل‬qaul)
to dictate to s.o.; to direct, instruct s.o., give s.o. instructions; ‫اﻟﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ‬
‫( اﻟﻄـﻼق‬kalimata ṭ-ṭalāq) he pronounced the formula of divorce against her;
‫( اﻟﻘــﻰ ﳏﺎﺿــﺮة‬muhāḍara) to give a lecture, hold a class; ‫اﻟﻘــﻰ اﳌﺴــﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ‬
(mas’ūlīya) to place the responsibility on s.o., saddle s.o. with the
responsibility V receive (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to take, accept (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to get,
1421
obtain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to learn (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.th. from), be informed (‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th. by);
to learn (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from s.o.), take lessons (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.o.), be taught,
be instructed, be coached (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬by s.o.) | ‫( ﺗﻠﻘـﻰ اﻣـﺮا‬amran) to receive an order,
have orders (soldier); ‫ ﺗﻠﻘـﻰ اﻷواﻣـﺮ‬to take orders (com., and the like); ‫ﺗﻠﻘـﺎﻩ‬
‫( ﻟﺘﺴـﻠﻴﻢ واﻟﻘﺒـﻮل‬qabūl) to agree wholeheartedly to s.th., submit willingly to
s.th.; ‫ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ دروﺳﺎ ﰲ‬to take lessons in (some field, ort, science, eto.); ‫ﺗﻠﻘﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬
‫ ﰲ اﳉﺎﻣﻌـﺔ‬to study at the university VI to meet, join each other, come
together, get together VIII do.; to encounter, meet (‫ ب‬s.o.) X to throw o.s.
down; to lie down, lie
‫ ﻟﻘﻰ‬laqan pl. ‫ اﻟﻘﺎء‬alqā’ offal, discard
‫ ﻟﻘﻴﺔ‬luqya encounter, meeting; luqya, laqīya s.th. found, a find
‫ ﻟﻘﻴﺎ‬luqyā encounter, meeting
‫ ﻟﻘﺎﻳﺔ‬liqāya encounter, meeting; s.th. found, a find
‫ اﻟﻘﻴﺔ‬ulqiya riddle, conundrum
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻠﻘـﺎء‬tilqā’a (prep.) opposite; in front of | ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﻠﻘـﺎء ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬min tilqā’i nafsihī
or ‫ذاﺗﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﺎء‬by o.s., of one’s own accord, spontaneously, automatically
‫ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ‬tilqā’ī automatic; spontaneous; ‫ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ‬spontaneously, automatically
‫ ﻣﻠﻘــﻰ‬malqan pl. ‫ ﻣــﻼق‬malāqin meeting place, rendezvous; junction,
crossing, intersection; road or street intersection, crossroads
‫ ﻟﻘـﺎء‬liqā’ encounter; meeting; get together; reunion; liqā’a (prep.) in
exchange for, in return for, for, on | ‫( اﱃ ﻛﻔﺎﻟـﺔ‬kafāla) on bail; ‫ اﱃ اﻟﻠﻘـﺎء‬good
by! so long! au revoir!
‫ ﻣﻼﻗﺎة‬mulāqāh encounter, meeting, get-together, reunion; reception
‫ اﻟﻘﺎء‬ilqā’ throwing, casting, throw, cast, fling; delivery, diction; dictation;
recitation, recital | ‫اﻹﻟﻘﺎء‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ‬ilm al-i. elocution
‫ ﺗﻠـﻖ‬talaqqin receipt, reception, acceptance; acquisition (also of a skill, of
knowledge, eto.); learning (of an art, skill, eto.); pursuit (of studies) | ‫ﺗﻠﻘـﻰ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﰲ‬studies at (e.g., at a university)
‫ ﺗﻼق‬talāqin meeting, encounter
‫ اﻟﺘﻘﺎء‬iltiqā’ meeting, reunion (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with)
1422
‫ ﻣﻠﻖ‬mulqin: ‫ ﻣﻠﻘﻴﺎت اﻷﻟﻐﺎم اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬mulqiyāt al-a. al-baḥrīya mine layers

‫ ﻣﻠﻰ‬mulqan thrown, cast, discarded
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﻘــﻰ‬multaqan pl. ‫ ﻣﻠﺘﻘﻴــﺎت‬multaqayāt meeting place, rendezvous;
gathering point, collecting center; intersection, junction, confluence,
crossroads | ‫اﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬good-by! so long! au revoir!
1‫ ﻟـﻚ‬lakka u (lakk) to hit with the fist, to cuff, buffet, pommel (‫ ه‬s.o.)
VIII to be pressed together, thickly set, crammed, jammed, crowded; to
crowd together, gather in a mass; to make mistakes or blunders, speak
ungrammatically
2‫ ﻟـﻚ‬lakk pl. ‫ اﻟﻜـﺎك‬alkāk, ‫ ﻟﻜـﻮك‬lukūk lac, one hundred thousand (specif.,
100,000 rupees)
3‫ ﻟﻚ‬lukk, lakk resin; lao; sealing wax
‫ ﻟﻜـﺄ‬laka’a a (‫ ﻟـﻚء‬lak’) to strike, hit; -- ‫ ﻟﻜـﺊ‬laki’a a (‫ ﻟﻜـﺄ‬laka’) to abide,

remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a place) V to be tardy, dilatory, slow, to dawdle, tarry,
hesitate (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.); to loiter, loaf, hang about | ‫اﻷداء‬ ‫( ﺗﻠﻜـﺄ ﰲ‬adā’) to be in
default, fail to meet one’s financial obligations
Confidential
‫ ﻟﻜــﺄة‬luka’a hesitant, tardy, dilatory, sluggish, slow; behindhand, in
arrears, defaulting
‫ ﻟﻜﺰ‬lakaza u (lakz) to strike with the fist; to kick (‫ ه‬s.o.), to thrust (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻟﻜﺰ‬lakiz miserly, stingy
‫ ﻟﻜﺎز‬likāz pin, nail; peg
‫ ﻟﻜﻴـﻊ‬lakī‘ pl. ‫ ﻟﻜﻌـﺎء‬luka‘ā’ moan, base, ignominious, disgraceful, wicked,
depraved; silly, foolish
‫ ﻟﻜﺎﻋﺔ‬lakā‘a meanness, baseness, disgracefulness, wickedness, depravity
‫ ﻟﻜـﻢ‬lakama u (lakm) to strike with the fist, box, punch III to engage in a
fiat fight, box (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ ﻟﻜﻤﺔ‬lakma pl. lakamāt blow with the fist, punch
‫ ﻣﻠﻜﻤﺔ‬milkama boxing glove
‫ ﻣﻼﻛﻤﺔ‬mulākama fist fight, boxing matoh
‫ ﻣﻼﻛﻢ‬mulākim boxer, pugilist, prize fighter
1‫ ﻟﻜـﻦ‬lakina a (lakan, ‫ ﻟﻜـﻦ‬lukna, ‫ ﻟﻜﻮﻧـﺔ‬lukūna, ‫ ﻟﻜﻨﻮﻧـﺔ‬luknūna) to speak
incorrectly, barbarously; to stammer
1423
‫ ﻟﻜﻨـﺔ‬lukna stutter, stammer; incorrect usage, ungrammatical language;

incorrect pronunciation
‫ ﻟﻜﺎﻧــﺔ‬lakāna: ‫( ﻟﻜﺎﻧــﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜــﻼم‬kalām) speech defect, faltering way of
speaking
‫ اﻟﻜــﻦ‬alkan2, f. ‫ ﻟﻜﻨــﺎء‬laknā’2, pl. ‫ ﻟﻜــﻦ‬lukn speaking incorrectly;
stammering, stuttering
2 ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬lakan pl. ‫ اﻟﻜﺎن‬alkān basin, copper basin
3‫ ﻟﻜﻦ‬lākin, lakinna see ‫ﻻﻛﻦ‬
‫ ﻟﻜﻲ‬li-kai, ‫ ﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎ‬li-kai-mā see ‫ ل‬li

2‫ ﱂ‬lam (particle, with foll. apoc.) not | ‫ﱂ ﻳﻜﺘـﺐ‬ lam yaktub he did not
write; ‫ اﱂ‬a-lam not ... though? ‫ﻟﻜـﻢ‬ ‫( اﱂ اﻗـﻞ‬aqul) haven’t I told you, though? ‫ﱂ‬
‫ اﻻ‬-- lam -- illā only, nothing but, just, not till, not before
2 ‫ ﱂ‬lima = ‫ ﳌﺎ‬li-mā, see ‫ ل‬li
3‫ ﱂ‬lamma u (lamm) to gather, collect, assemble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to reunite (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to arrange, settle, put in order (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to repair (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), pass. lumma
Confidential
to suffer from or be stricken by a slight mental derangement | ‫ﱂ ﺷــﻌﺜﻪ‬
(ša‘atahū) to put s.th. in order again, straighten s.th. out, put s.th. right; to
recover, pick up; to help s.o. get back on his feet, ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻴـﻊ‬ ‫( ﱂ ﴰﻞ‬šamla l-q.) to
round up the herd IV to befall, overcome (fatigue, fear, weakness,
adversities, etc.; s.o.); to pay (‫ ب‬s.o.) a short visit, call ( on s.o.), stop, stay
(‫ ب‬at s.o.’s house); to have sexual intercourse (‫ ب‬with s.o.); to broach (‫ ب‬a
topic), .peak (‫ ب‬about). discuss (‫ ب‬s.th.), to give a survey (‫ ب‬of), outline,

state briefly (‫ ب‬s.th.), to touch briefly (‫ ب‬on a subject), to be acquainted or
familiar (.... with s.th.), to get to know (‫ ب‬s.th.), to familiarize o.s., acquaint
o.s. (‫ ب‬with s.th.), to commit, perpetrate (‫ ب‬a crime), to take, consume (‫ب‬
food, drink) VIII to gather, assemble, rally; to unite; to visit (s.o.), call (‫ه‬
on)
‫ ﳌــﺔ‬lamma pl. ‫ ﳌــﺎم‬limām collection; gathering, assembly; visit, call;
misfortune, calamity, slight mental derangement, touch of insanity
‫ ﳌﺔ‬limma pl. ‫ ﳌﻢ‬limam curl, ringlet, lock
‫ ﳌﺔ‬lumma traveling party; group, troop, body (of people)
1424
‫ ﳌﻢ‬lamam slight mental derangement

‫ ﳌﺎﻣﺎ‬limāman occasionally, from time to time, rarely, seldom
‫ ﳌﺎم‬lammām wild thyme (bot.)
‫ اﳌـﺎم‬ilmām knowledge, cognizance (‫ ب‬of s.th.); acquaintance, familiarity,
conversance (‫ ب‬with); (pl. -āt) survey, outline, summary, resume
‫ ﻻﻣﺔ‬lāmma evil eye
‫ ﻣﻠﻤـﻮم‬malmūm collected, gathered, assembled; concentrated at one point;
slightly insane
‫ ﻣﻠــﻢ‬mulimm completely familiar, conversant (‫ ب‬with); expert,
connoisseur | ‫واﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻟﻘﺮاءة‬literate
‫ ﻣﻠﻤﺔ‬mulimma pl. -āt misfortune, calamity, disaster
1‫ ﳌﺎ‬li-mā see ‫ ل‬li
2‫ ﳌـﺎ‬lammd (conj.) when, as, after; since, whereas; (particle; with foll.
apoc.) not, not yet
‫( ﳌﺒﺎﺟﻮ‬Engl.) lambāgō lumbago
Confidential
‫ ﳌﺒﺔ‬lamba pl. -āt lamp; tube (radio)
‫ ﳌﺞ‬V to take a snack
‫ ﺔ‬lumja appetizer, hors d’oeuvre, relish, snack
‫ ﳌﺢ‬lamaḥa a (lamḥ) to glance (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ه‬at s.o.); to see, sight, behold, notice
(‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.); to become aware (‫ ان‬that); -- (lamḥ, ‫ ﶈـﺎن‬lamaḥān, ‫ﺗﻠﻤـﺎح‬
talmāḥ) to flash, sparkle, glisten, shimmer II to insinuate, intimate, give to
understand (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), hint (‫ اﱃ‬at), allude, refer (‫ اﱃ‬to) III to cast a casual or
furtive glance (‫ ه‬at s.o.) IV to glance casually or furtively (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ه‬at s.o.)
‫ ﳌـﺢ‬lamḥ quick look, glance; moment, instant | ‫ ﳌـﺢ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬l. al-baṣar glance
of the eye; ‫اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬ ‫ ﰲ اﻗـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﳌـﺢ‬,‫ دون ﳌـﺢ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬,‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬,‫( ﰲ ﳌﺢ اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬aqalla)
like lightning, in a trice, instantly, in no time
‫ ﶈـﺔ‬lamḥa pl. lamaḥāt quick, casual look, glance; wink; glow of light,
light, brightness, flash (of lightning) | ‫اﺑﻴـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻓﻴـﻪ ﶈـﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬abīhi) he looks like his
father
‫ ﳌﺎح‬lammāḥ shimmering, gleaming, shining
1425
‫ ﻣﻼﻣـﺢ‬malāmiḥ2 features, lineaments; traits; outward appearance, looks |

‫( ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﻣﻦ اﺑﻴـﻪ‬abīhi) he looks like his father; ‫( ﻣﻼﻣـﺢ وﻇـﻼل‬ẓilāl) lights and
shades (in painting)
‫ ﺗﻠﻤـﻴﺢ‬talmīḥ pl. ‫ ﺗﻼﻣـﻴﺢ‬talāmīḥ2 allusion, intimation, insinuation, hint,
reference; ‫ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﺤﺎ‬by way of suggestion, indirectly
‫ ﳌـﺰ‬lamaza u i (lamz) to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) a wink; to speak ill (‫ ه‬of s.o.), carp
(‫ ه‬at s.o.), find fault (‫ ه‬with s.o.), criticize, blame, censure, backbite,
slander, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﳌﺰة‬lumaza and ‫ ﳌﺎز‬lammāz fault-finder, captious critic, caviler, carper
1‫ ﳌـﺲ‬lamasa u i (lams) to touch, handle, feel with the hand, finger (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), pass one’s hand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over s.th.); to seek (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look, search, ask (‫ﻫ ـ‬
for); to perceive, notice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬that), become aware (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th., ‫ ان‬that) |
‫( ﻻ ﻳﻠﻤـﺲ‬yulmasu) intangible, impalpable; ‫ ﳌـﺲ اﳊﻘـﺎﺋﻖ‬to take thing, as they
are, face the facts III to be in touch or contact (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o., with s.th.); to
Confidential
touch, feel, finger, palpate (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to have sexual intercourse (‫ﻫـﺎ‬
with a woman) V to feel out, finger, palpate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fumble, grope
about; to grope, fumble (‫ ﻫـ‬for s.th.); to look, search (‫ ﻫـ‬for); to ask (‫ ﻫـ‬for) VI
to touch each other, be in mutual contact VIII to request (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from
s.o., ‫ ل‬for s.o.), ask (‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫـ‬for s.th. s.o.), solicit (‫ ل ه‬s.th. for); to beg (‫ ﻫـ‬for),
request urgently (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to seek (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look, search (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬for s.th., for
s.o.)
‫ ﳌـﺲ‬lams feeling, groping; touching, touch | ‫ ﺣﺎﺳـﺔ اﻟﻠﻤـﺲ‬ḥāssat al-l. sense
of touch
‫ ﳌﺴﻰ‬lamsī tactual, tactile, of or pertaining to the sense of touch
‫ ﳌﺴﻴﺔ‬lamsīya (tun.) date which has not attained full ripeness
‫ ﳌﺴﺔ‬lamsa (n. vic.) touch; (pl. -āt) retouch
‫ ﳌﻴﺲ‬lamīs soft to the touch
‫ ﻣﻠﻤـﺲ‬malmas pl. ‫ ﻣﻼﻣـﺲ‬malāmis2 place of touch, spot touched, point of
contact; O feeler, tentacle (of insects); touch; contact | ‫اﳌﻠﻤـﺲ‬ ‫ﻋـﻢ‬ soft to the
touch
1426
‫ ﻣﻠﻤﺴﻲ‬malmasī tactual, tactile

‫ ﻣﻼﻣﺴـﺔ‬mulāmasa touching, touch, contact; feeling, fingering, palpation;
sexual intercourse
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﺲ‬talammus search, quest
‫ اﻟﺘﻤﺎس‬iltimās request, solicitation; application, petition
‫ ﻣﻠﻤــﻮس‬malmūs touched, felt; palpable, tangible; ‫ ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺳــﺎت‬things
perceptible to the touch, tangible things
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﻤﺲ‬multamas pl. -āt request, petition, application
2‫ اﳌﺎس‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﳌﺺ‬lamaṣ u (lamṣ) to rail (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to make faces (‫ ه‬at s.o.)

‫ ﳌـﻆ‬lamaẓa u (lamẓ) to lick one’s lips; to smack one’s lips V do. | ‫ﺗﻠﻤـﻆ‬
‫( ﺑﺬﻛﺮﻩ‬bi-dikrihī) to speak ill of s.o., backbite s.o.
‫ ﳌـﻊ‬lama‘a (lam‘, ‫ ﳌﻌـﺎن‬lama‘ān) to gleam, glitter, twinkle, flash, sparkle,
glisten, shimmer, shine |‫( ﳌـﻊ ﺑﺴـﻴﻔﻪ‬bi-saifihī) to brandish the sword; ‫ﳌـﻊ ﺑﻴـﺪﻩ‬
(bi-yadihī) to wave one’s hand; ‫( ﳌـﻊ ﰲ رأﺳـﻪ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ‬kāṭirun) a thought flashed
Confidential
through his mind II to cause (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) to shine, gleam, or twinkle; to shine (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), give brightness (‫ ﻫـ‬to s.th.); to polish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to burnish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to
wave (one’s hand); to point out, give to understand, intimate, insinuate (‫اﱃ‬
s.th.), hint (‫ اﱃ‬at), allude (‫ اﱃ‬to) VIII to flash, radiate, glow, shine; to
sparkle, glitter, gleam
‫ ﳌـﻊ‬lam‘ and ‫ ﳌﻌـﺎن‬lama‘ān luster, sheen, shine; shimmer, gleam, glow,
brightness, light
‫ ﳌﻌـﺔ‬lum‘a pl. ‫ ﳌـﻊ‬luma‘, ‫ ﳌـﺎع‬limā‘ shimmer, gleam, glow, flash, sparkle,
glitter, brilliancy, radiance, beam; gloss, luster, burnish, polish; some, a little
‫ ﳌــﺎع‬lammā‘ bright, brilliant, lustrous, sparkling, flashing, glistening,
shining, radiant; O glossy, glazed, burnished, polished, satined, calendered
(tech.) | ‫ﳌﺎع‬
‫( ﺟﻠﺪ‬jild) patent leather
‫ اﳌـﻊ‬alma‘2 and ‫ اﳌﻌــﻲ‬alma‘ī sagacious, smart, shrewd, clever, bright,
intelligent; -- ‫ اﳌﻊ‬alma‘ more lustrous, shinier
‫ اﳌﻌﻴـﺔ‬alma‘īya sagacity, smartness, shrewdness, cleverness, brightness,
intelligence
1427
‫ ﺗﻠﻤﻴﻊ‬talmī‘ polishing, polish

‫ اﳌﺎﻋﺔ‬ilmā‘a allusion, hint
‫ ﻻﻣــﻊ‬lāmi‘ pl. ‫ ﻟﻮاﻣــﻊ‬lawāmi‘2 brilliant, lustrous, shining, gleaming,
shimmering
‫ ﻻﻣﻌﺔ‬lāmi‘a fontanel (anat.); (pl. ‫ ﻟﻮاﻣﻊ‬lawāmi‘2) gloss, shine
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﻤﻊ‬mutalammi‘ radiant, brilliant, shining, lustrous
‫ ﳌﻠﻢ‬lamlama to gather, gather up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻠﻤﻠﻤﺔ‬mulamlama trunk, proboscis (of the elephant)
‫ ﻟﻦ‬lan (conj.; with foll. subj.) not (referring to the future)
‫( ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻨﺞ‬eg.) gadìd lang brand-new
‫ ﻟﻨﺪرة‬landra London
‫ ﻟﻨﺪن‬landan London
‫( ﻟﻨﺶ‬Engl.) lanš pl. -āt launch, small steamer, motorboat
‫ ﻟﻨﻴﻨﻐﺮاد‬leningrād Leningrad
‫ ﳍـﺐ‬lahiba a (lahb, lahab, ‫ ﳍـﺎب‬luhāb, ‫ ﳍﻴـﺐ‬lahīb, ‫ ﳍﺒـﺎن‬lahabān) to flame,
Confidential
burn, blaze II and IV to kindle, light, set on fire, ignite, inflame (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
excite, stir up, provoke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to flame; to be aflame, be ablaze, burn
(also fig.: cheek, anger, thirst, etc.) VIII = V; to catch fire, flare up; to be
inflamed (also med.)
‫ ﳍﺐ‬lahab, lahīb and ‫ ﳍﺎب‬luhāb flame, blaze, flare
‫ ﳍﺒﺎن‬lahbān, f. ‫ ﳍﱮ‬lahbā, pl. ‫ ﳍﺎب‬lihāb parched with thirst
‫ اﳍﺎب‬ilhāb kindling, lighting, ignition, inflammation
‫ اﻟﺘﻬــﺎب‬iltihāb burning; inflammation (also med.); in compounds
corresponding to Engl. “-it is” | ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب‬ilt. aš-šu‘ab bronchitis
‫ اﻟﺘﻬﺎﰊ‬iltihābī inflammatory; inflammable
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﻬــﺐ‬multahib burning, flaming, blazing, aflame, ablaze; inflamed;
heated, excited, glowing, aglow | ‫ﻣﻠﺘﻬﺐ‬ ‫( ﻗﻄﻦ‬quṭn) guncotton
‫ ﻻﻫﻮت‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﳍﺚ‬lahata a (laht, ‫ ﳍـﺎث‬luhāt) to loll one’s tongue with thirst or fatigue; to
pant, gasp, be out of breath; to breathe heavily
1428
‫ ﳍـﺎث‬luhāt panting, pant, gasp | ‫ ﳍـﺎث اﳌـﻮت‬l. al-maut death rattle, agony of
death
‫ ﳍﺜﺎن‬lahtān f. ‫ ﳍﺜﻰ‬lahtā panting, gasping, out of breath; thirsty
‫ ﳍﺞ‬lahija a (lahaj) to be devoted, dedicated (‫ ب‬to s.th.), be attached (‫ ب‬to
s.o., to s.th.), be very fond (‫ ب‬of), be in love (‫ ب‬with); to be bent. be intent,
be keen (‫ ب‬on), be eager (‫ ب‬for), be mad (‫ ب‬about, after); to do (‫ ب‬s.th.)
constantly or fervently| ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫( ﳍـﺞ ﻟﺜﻨـﺎء‬tanā’) to extol s.o. fervently; ‫ﳍـﺞ ﺑـﺬﻛﺮﻩ‬
(bidikrihī) to speak constantly of s.o., mention s.o.’s name continually with
praise; ‫( ﳍـﺞ ﺑﺸـﻜﺮﻩ‬bi-šukrihī) to launch forth into profuse thanks or praises;
‫( ﳍـﺞ ﻟﻀـﺮاﻋﺔ‬ḍarā‘a) to resort to humble pleas IV causative: ‫اﳍـﺞ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﺸـﻜﺮ‬
(lisānahū, šukr) to elicit profuse thanks from s.o. XI ‫ اﳍـﺎج‬ilhājja to curdle,
coagulate (milk)
‫ ﳍﺠـﺔ‬lahja tip of the tongue; tongue; manner of speaking; tone; dialect,
vernacular; language | ‫ﺑﻠﻬﺠـﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺗـﺐ‬ in a reproachful tone, reproachingly;
‫ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻠﻬﺠﺔ‬in violent language, sharply worded
Confidential
‫ ﳍﺞ‬luhja appetizer, hors d’oeuvre
‫ ﳍﺪ‬lahada a (lahd) to overburden, over-exert (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﳍﺬم‬lahdam sharp, pointed
‫ ﳍﻂ‬lahaṭa a (lahṯ) to slap
‫ ﳍـﻒ‬lahafa a (lahaf) to sigh (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.th. lost); to regret, deplore, lament
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to grieve (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for), fret, worry (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬shout) V do.; to be eager,
yearn (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for, also ‫)ل‬, pant (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬after, also ‫)ل‬
‫ ﳍـﻒ‬lahf regret, grief, sorrow | ‫ ﳍـﻒ‬yā lahfa and ‫ ﳍﻔـﺎ‬yā lahfā oh, what
a pity! too bad! alas! ‫ﳍﻒ‬ (with foll. genit. of pers.) oh, how unfortunate he
is! ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﳍﻔﻲ‬ (lahfī) oh, how sorry I feel for you!
‫ ﳍﻔـﺔ‬lahfa sigh, lament; anxiety, apprehension, concern, worry, sorrow,
grief; yearning, longing, hankering, desire, impatience
‫ ﳍﻔﺎن‬lahfān2 f. ‫ ﳍﻔﻰ‬lahfā, pl. ‫ ﳍﺎﰱ‬lahāfā, ‫ ﳍـﻒ‬luhuf sighing; regretful; sad,
sorry, worried, sorrowful, grieved; longing, yearning
‫ ﳍﻴﻒ‬lahīf pl. ‫ ﳍﺎف‬lihāf regretful, sorry, sad, worried, sorrowful, grieved
1429
‫ ﻻﻫﻒ‬lāhif worried, troubled, sorrowful, grieved, full of regret

‫ ﻣﻠﻬـﻮف‬malhūf worried, troubled, depressed; apprehensive, concerned,
anxious; covetous, eager (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for), desirous (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of); longing.
yearning
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﻬﻒ‬mutalahhif yearning, longing, hankering; anxious, eager, impatient
‫ ﳍﻖ‬lahiqa a to be snow-white
‫ ﳍﻠﻖ‬lahlaqa to loll one’s tongue with thirst
‫ ﳍـﻢ‬lahima a (lahm, laham), V and VIII to devour, gobble, swallow up (‫ه‬
s.th.); to consume, destroy (‫ ه‬s.th.; fire) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o,) swallow (‫ه‬
s.th.); to inspire (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o, with) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for inspiration or advice; to
seek to find out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), try to get (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to pray, turn (‫ ه ﻫـ‬to God for)
‫ ﳍﻢ‬lahim and ‫ ﳍﻮم‬lahūm greedy, covetous, voracious, gluttonous
‫ اﳍﺎم‬ilhām pl. -āt inspiration; instinct
‫ ﻣﻠﻬﻢ‬mulham inspired
Confidential
(‫ ﳍـﻮ‬and ‫ﳍـﺎ‬
(‫ ﳍـﻲ‬lahā u (lahw) to amuse o.s., distract o.s., divert o.s., pass
or kill time (‫ ب‬with s.th,); to play, toy, dally, trifle; to fritter away, trifle
away, prattle away (‫ ﺑﻮﻗﺘﻪ‬bi-waqtihī one’s time); to enjoy o.s., have fun, have
a good time; to delight, take pleasure (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ب‬in); to enjoy, savor, relish (‫ب‬
s.th.); -- (‫ ﳍـﻲ‬luhiy, ‫ ﳍﻴـﺎن‬lihyān) to turn one’s attention (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to try to
forget, forget, give up, renounce (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), become oblivious (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of); -- ‫ﳍـﻲ‬
lahiya a (‫ ﳍـﺎ‬lahan) to like, love (‫ ب‬s.th.), be very fond (‫ ب‬of), be in love, be
infatuated (‫ ب‬with), be mad (‫ ب‬about, after); to turn one’s attention (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from), become oblivious (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of), forget, give up, renounce (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th,); to pay
no attention (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to), be heedless (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of) II to delight, amuse, divert, distract
(‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ s.o. with), divert s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬attention (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬from), make (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬s.o.)
oblivious (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of); to keep, divert (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from), take s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind away
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) III to approach, be near (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II; V and VI to amuse o.s.,
pass the time (‫ ب‬with s.th,), take pleasure, delight (‫ ب‬in); to seek distraction
(‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ب‬in s.th. from) VIII do.: to play, toy, trifle (‫ ب‬with s.th.)
1430
‫ ﳍــﻮ‬lahw amusement, entertainment, diversion, distraction, passtime,

pleasure, sport, fun, play | ‫دور اﻟﻠﻬــﻮ‬ dūr al-l. and ‫اﻣــﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﻠﻬــﻮ‬ places of
entertainment. amusement centers
‫ ﳍـﺎة‬lahāh pl. ‫ ﳍـﻮات‬lahawāt, ‫ ﳍﻴـﺎت‬lahayāt, ‫ ﳍـﻲ‬luhiya, lihīy, ‫ ﳍـﺎ‬lahan, ‫ﳍـﺎء‬
lahā’ uvula
‫ ﳍـﻮى‬lahawī velar (adj.) ‫ اﳊﺮﻓـﺎن اﻟﻠﻬﻮﻳﺘـﺎن‬al-ḥarfān al-lahawīyatān the velars
q and k
‫ ﻣﻠﻬـﺎة‬malhāh object of delight; comedy | ‫‘( ﻣﻠﻬـﺎة ﻋﺎﻣﻴـﺔ‬āmmīya) popular
farce
‫ ﻣﻠﻬـﻰ‬malhan pl. ‫ ﻣـﻼﻩ‬malāhin place of entertainment, amusement center;
amusement, entertainment, fun, diversion, distraction | ‫ﺿ ـﺮﻳﺒﺔ اﳌﻼﻫــﻲ‬
admissions tax, entertainment tax
‫ ﻣﻠﻬـﻰ‬milhan pl. ‫ ﻣـﻼﻩ‬malāhin plaything toy; pl. musical instruments, also
‫آﻻت اﳌﻼﻫﻲ‬
‫ ﺗﻠﻬﻴﺔ‬talhiya distraction, diversion, amusement
‫ ﻻﻩ‬lāhin (with ‫ )ﻋﻦ‬heedless, inattentive, inadvertent, oblivious, forgetful
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻠﻪ‬mulhin amusing, entertaining, diverting, pleasant
‫ ﻟﻮ‬lau (conj.) if (as a rule, introducing hypothetical conditional clauuses) |
‫ ﻟـﻮ ان‬lau anna (introducing nominal clauses) if; ‫ ﻟـﻮﻻ‬laulā if not; ‫ ﻟـﻮﻻ‬if it
weren’t (hadn’t been) for us; ‫ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﻟـﻮ‬fī-mā lau in case that; ‫ وﻟـﻮ‬wa-lau
although, though; even if; (optative particle) if only ...! would that ...! I wish
...! ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ ﻟﻮ‬I wish he knew! if he only knew!
‫ ﻟﻮﺑﻴـﺎ‬lūbiyā bean (bot.) | ‫(ﻟﻮﺑﻴـﺎ ﺑﻠـﺪي‬baladī) (eg.) cowpea (Vigna Binenais
Endl.; bot.); ‫ﻋﺎﻓﻦ‬ ‫( ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ‬eg.) hyacinth bean, lablab (Dolichos lablab L.; bot.)
‫ ﻟﻮﺑﻴﺎ‬lūbyā Libya
‫ ﻟﻮﰊ‬lūbī Libyan
1‫)ﻟﻮت‬ ‫( )ﻻت‬lāta: ‫ ﻻت ﺣﲔ ﻣﻨﺎص‬l. hīnu manāṣin it’s too late to escape
2‫ ﻟﻮت‬lūt (eg.) maigre (Sciaena aquila)
‫ )ﻻث )ﻟﻮث‬lāta u (laut) and II to stain, tarnish, soil, sully (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); -- lawita
a (lawat) to be dilatory, tardy, slow; to hesitate, tarry, linger V to be or get
1431
stained, blotted, tarnished, soiled, sullied (‫ ب‬with) VIII to be dilatory, tardy,

slow; to be obscure, confused, complicated (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.)
‫ ﻟﻮﺛﺔ‬lauta stain, blot, spot
‫ ﻟﻮﺛـﺔ‬lūta languor, lassitude, fatigue, faintness; passion, weakness (‫ ﰲ‬for,
also with foll. genit.: for) |‫ﻟﻮﺛـﺔ‬ (‫ ﻓﻴـﻪ )ﺑـﻪ‬he is a little crazy, he has a bee in his
bonnet
‫ ﻣﻠﻮث‬mulawat stained, blotted, tarnished, soiled, sullied, unclean; stricken
with cholera, pestilence, etc.
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﺎث‬multāt mentally confused
‫( ﻟـﻮج‬Fr. loge) lōj pl. -āt, ‫ اﻟـﻮاج‬alwāj (theater) box, loge; (masonic, etc.)
lodge
‫ )ﻻح )ﻟـﻮح‬lāḥa u (lauḥ) to appear, show, loom, emerge, come in sight; to
become visible (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to break, begin to show (dawn); to shine, gleam,
glint, flash, shimmer, glimmer, sparkle; to seem, appear; to wither, singe,
parch, scorch; to tan (‫ ه‬s.o.; sun) |‫ان‬‫ ﻳﻠـﻮح ﱄ‬it seems to me that ...; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺎ‬
Confidential
‫ ﻳﻠـﻮح‬as it seems, apparently II to make a sign, beckon, wave (‫ ب ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to
s.o. with); to signal; to allude (‫ ب‬to), hint (‫ ب‬at), intimate, insinuate (‫ل‬
to s.o. s.th.), give (‫ل‬
‫ ب‬s.o. s.th.) to understand; to flourish, brandish, swing,
wave (‫ ب‬s.th.); to turn grey (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the head; of old age); to burn, tan (‫ ه‬s.o.;
‫ب‬
sun); to plank, lay with planks (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the floor) |‫ﺑﻴﺪﻳـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻟـﻮح‬biyadaihi) to wave
with the hands IV to appear, show, come in sight; to shimmer, glimmer,
glint, flash, sparkle; to wave, brandish, flourish, swing (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻟﻮح‬lauḥ pl. ‫ اﻟـﻮاح‬alwāḥ, alwāḥ board, blackboard; slate; tablet; slab; plate,
sheet; pane; plank, board; panel; small board, signboard; shoulder blade,
scapula |‫اردواز‬ ‫ﻟــﻮح‬ (arduwāz) slab of slate, slate; O ‫ﻟــﻮح ﳎﻌــﺪ‬ (muja‘‘ad)
corrugated iron; ‫ ﻟـﻮح اﳉﻠﻴـﺪ‬block of ice; ‫ ﻟـﻮح ﺣﺪﻳـﺪ‬sheet iron; ‫ ﻟـﻮح زﺟـﺎج‬zujāj
sheet of glass, pane; O ‫( ﻟـﻮح ﻣﺘﺤـﺮك‬mutaḥarrik) spring-board (in sports); ‫ﻟـﻮح‬
‫( ﻣﻌﺪﱐ‬ma‘dinī) metal plate, metal sheet; ‫ ﻟﻮح اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬windowpane
‫ ﻟﻮﺣـﺔ‬lauḥa pl. -āt, ‫ اﻟـﻮاح‬alwāḥ board; blackboard; slate; tablet; slab; plate,
sheet; pane; panel; plaque; plane, surface; screen; placard, poster; picture,
painting |‫اﻻﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ ﻟﻮﺣـﺔ‬l. al-ism doorplate, name plate; ‫ ﻟﻮﺣـﺔ اﻟﺘﻮزﻳـﻊ‬switchboard
1432
(el., tel.); ‫اﻟـﺪاﻣﺎ‬

‫ ﻟﻮﺣـﺔ‬checkerboard; ‫( ﻟﻮﺣـﺔ زﻳﺘﻴـﺔ‬zaitīya) oil painting; ‫ﻟﻮﺣـﺔ ﺳـﻮداء‬
(saudā’) blackboard; bulletin board; ‫ ﻟﻮﺣـﺔ اﻟﺸـﻄﺮﻧﺞ‬l. aš-šaṭranj chessboard;
‫ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬slate; writing tablet; blackboard
‫ ﻟﻮاح‬lawwāḥ withering, singeing, parching, scorching
‫ ﻟــﻮح‬talwīḥ pl. -āt beckoning, waving, flourishing, brandishing; sign,
signal, wink, wave; allusion; hint, intimation, insinuation; metonymy; pl.
hints, references; remarks, annotations, marginal notes
‫ ﻻﺋﺤـﺔ‬lā’iḥa pl. -āt ‫ ﻟـﻮاﺋﺢ‬lawā’iḥ2 program, project; bill, motion (esp., in
parliament); order, decree, edict; ordinance; regulation, rule; pl. ‫ﻟـﻮاﺋﺢ‬
outward appearance, looks, outward sign| ‫ ﻻﺋﺤﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬,‫ ﻻﺋﺤﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬bill, draft
law; ‫ ﻻﺋﺤـﺔ اﻟﺴـﻔﺮ‬l. as-safar timetable, train schedule, railroad guide; ‫ﻻﺋﺤـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬l. aṯ-ṯa‘ām (syr.) menu, bill of fare
‫ ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬mulawwiḥa signal, semaphore (railroad)
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﺎح‬multāḥ sun-tanned, sunburned
(‫ )ﻟـﻮذ‬lāda u (laud, ‫ ﻟـﻮاذ‬liwād, lawād, luwād, ‫ ﻟﻴـﺎذ‬liyād) to take refuge, seek
Confidential
shelter (‫ ب‬with s.o., in s.th.), have recourse, resort (‫ ب‬to); to keep close (‫ب‬
to), observe religiously (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻼذ‬malād refuge, protection; shelter; asylum, sanctuary; protector
‫ ﻻﺋﺬ‬lā’id one seeking shelter or protection, refugee
‫ ﻟﻮذع‬and ‫ ﻟﻮذﻋﻲ‬see ‫ﻟﺬع‬
‫ ﻟﻮر‬lūr lyre
‫( ﻟﻮرد‬Engl.) lord pl. -āt lord
‫( ﻟﻮرى‬Engl.) lorry, truck
‫ ﻟﻮز‬II to stuff with almonds (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); (eg.) to form bolls (cotton)
‫ ﻟـﻮز‬lauz almond(s) (coll.), (eg.) patch (on a shoe) | ‫ ﻟـﻮز اﻟﻘﻄـﻦ‬l. al-quṭn
cotton bolls; ‫اﻟﻠﻮز‬ ‫ دودة‬dūdat al-l. boll weevil
‫ ﻟـﻮزة‬lauza pl. -āt almond; ‫ اﻟﻠـﻮز ن‬the tonsils (anat.) | ‫ اﻟﺘﻬـﺎب اﻟﻠـﻮزﺗﲔ‬ilt. al-
lauzatain tonsillitis
‫ ﻟﻮزى‬lauzī almond-shaped, almond (adj.)
‫ )ﻻس )ﻟﻮس‬lāsa u (laus) to taste
1433
‫ )ﻻت )ﻟـﻮص‬lāṣa u (lauṣ) to peep, peer, pry (through a chink in the door, or
the like) III do. (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to stare, gaze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬at s.th.), to look firmly,
unflinchingly (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬at s.th.); to dupe, cheat, deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻼوص‬mulāwiṣ sly, cunning, wily
‫ )ﻻط )ﻟـﻮط‬lāṯa u (lauṯ) to stick, cling, adhere ( to); to coat with clay, to
plaster ( a wall)
‫ ﻟﻮط‬lūṯ Lot (Biblical name)
‫ ﻟﻮط‬lūṭī sodomite, pederast
‫ ﻟﻮاط‬liwāṭ and ‫ ﻟﻮاﻃﺔ‬liwāṭa sodomy, pederasty
‫ )ﻻع )ﻟـﻮع‬lā‘a u (lau‘) to he or heoome restive, impatient; to become ill j
to seize vehemently, overwhelm, torment, make sick (‫ ه‬s.o.; love); to tan (‫ه‬
s.o.; sun) II to torture, torment, agonize VIII to be burning, inflamed,
languishing (with love, longing); to feel burning anxiety (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.)
‫ ﻟﻮﻋــﺔ‬lau‘a ardor of love, amorous rapture, lovesickness; pain, grief,
Confidential
anguish, anxiety, torment, torture, agony
‫ اﻟﺘﻴـﺎع‬iltiyā‘ burning, enrapturedness, burning anxiety. anguish; agony,
pain, suffering
‫ ﻣﻼوع‬mulāwi‘ cunning, artful, wily, crafty, sly
‫ ﻟﻮﻏﺎرﻳﺘﻤﺎت‬lūgāritmāt logarithms
1‫)ﻟﻮف‬ ‫ )ﻻف‬lāfa u (lauf) to eat, chew (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
2‫ ﻟﻮف‬lūf luffa, dishcloth gourd (Luffa cylindrical Roem; bot.)
‫ ﻣﻠﻮق‬milwaq pl. ‫ ﻣﻼوق‬malāwiq2 spatula

1‫)ﻟﻮك‬ ‫ )ﻻك‬lāka u (lauk) to chew (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to talk constantly about s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬,
to bring into discredit (‫ ﲰﻌﺘـﻪ‬sum‘atahū s.o.’s reputation) |‫اﻟﻜـﻼم‬ ‫( ﻻك‬kalām)
to be inhibited in one’s speech, stammer, express o.s. imperfectly, ‫اﻟﺴـﺆال‬
‫( اﻟـﺬي ﺗﻠﻮﻛـﻪ اﻷﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬alsina) the question which is on everyone’s lips; ‫ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻠﻮﻛـﻪ‬
‫( اﻷﻟﺴﻦ‬alsun) what people say, what is generally rumored
2‫ ﻻﺋﻜﻲ‬and ‫ ﻻﺋﻜﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫( ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬It. locanda) and ‫ ﻟﻮﻛﻨﺪﻩ‬lōkanda pl. -āt inn; hotel

‫ ﻟﻮﻟـﺐ‬laulab pl. ‫ ﻟﻮاﻟـﺐ‬lawālib2 screw; spiral; spiral spring, coil spring,
extension spring; spring; axle; (fig.) mainspring, pivot point
1434
‫ ﻟــﻮﻟﱯ‬laulabī screw-shaped; spiral, helical | O ‫( ﻟﻮﻟﺒﻴــﺎت زﻫﺮﻳــﺔ‬zuharīya)

spiroohetes, syphilogenous bacteria; ‫ﻟﻮﻟﱯ‬
‫( درج‬daraj) spiral staircase
1‫ )ﻻم )ﳌـﺲ‬lāma u (laum, ‫ ﻣـﻼم‬malām, ‫ ﻣﻼﻣـﺔ‬malāma) to blame, censure,
rebuke, chide, scold, reproach (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. for) II to censure sharply,
reprove, reprimand (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = I; V to blame o.s. ; to tarry, linger, take
one'. time (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in or with s.th.), procrastinate, temporize, hedge VI to
blame each other VIII to be censured, he blamed X to deserve blame, be
blameworthy, reprehensible
‫ ﻟﻮم‬laum and ‫ ﻟﻮﻣﺔ‬lauma censure, rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach
‫ ﻟﻮﻣﺔ‬luwama and ‫ ﻟﻮام‬lawwām severe censurer, stem critic; censorious
‫ ﻣــﻼم‬malām and ‫ ﻣﻼﻣــﺔ‬malāma pl. ‫ ﻣــﻼوم‬malāwim2 censure, rebuke,
reproof, blame, reproach
‫ ﺗﻠﻮﱘ‬talwīm censure, rebuke, reproof
‫ ﻻﺋﻢ‬lā’im pl. ‫ ﻟﻮم‬luwwam, ‫ ﻟﻮام‬lawwām, ‫ ﻟﻴﻢ‬luyyam censurer, critic, accuser
‫ ﻻﺋﻤﺔ‬lā’ima pl. ‫ ﻟﻮاﺋﻢ‬lawā’im2 censure, rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻠـﻮم‬malūm, ‫ ﻣﻠـﻴﻢ‬malīm and ‫ ﻣـﻼم‬mulām censured, blamed; blameworthy,
reprehensible
‫ ﻟﻮﻣﺎن‬lūmān penitentiary, penal servitude
‫ ﻟﻮﻣﺎﳒﻲ‬lūmānjī convict, inmate of a penitentiary
‫ ﻟـﻮن‬II to variegate, dapple, make colorful (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to color, tint, tinge,
paint, daub (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make up, rouge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the face, etc.) V to be colored or
tinted; to color, change color, become discolored; to he colorful, variegated;
to be fickle
‫ ﻟﻮن‬laun pl. ‫ اﻟﻮان‬alwān color; coloring, tint, tinge, hue, shade; complexion;
kind, sort, specimen, species; dish, course; pl. (with foll. genit.) all kinds of |
‫اﻟـﻮان اﻷﻃﻌﻤــﺔ‬ a. al-aṭ‘ima all kinds of food; ‫ﳐﺘﻠــﻒ اﻷﻟـﻮان‬ muktalif al-a.
variegated, multicolored, motley, varied, various; ‫اﻟﻮاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ ﺟﻠﻰ‬jallā alwānahu to

bring out the different aspects of s.th., point up s.th., make s.th. stand out
‫ ﻟﻮﱐ‬launī colorful, colored, color- (in compounds), chromatic
‫ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﻦ‬talwīn coloring
‫ ﻣﻠــﻮن‬mulawwan colored, tinted, colorful, many-colored, variegated,
kaleidoscopic
1435
‫ ﻣﺘﻠﻮن‬mutalawwin colored, tinted; many-colored, multicolored; iridescent,

opalescent, scintillating; changeable, inconstant, unsteady; whimsical,
capricious, fickle
‫( ﻟﻮﳒﻲ‬eg.) lawingī and ‫ ﻻوﳒﻲ‬lāwingī attendant, bath attendant
‫ ﻟﻮﳒﻴﺔ‬lawingīya housekeeper, woman attendant, servant, housemaid
‫( ﻟﻮﻧﺪا‬It. lavanda) lawandā lavender | ‫ ﻣﺎء اﻟﻠﻮﻧﺪا‬lavender water
‫ ﻟﻮى‬lawā i (‫ ﱄ‬layy, ‫ ﻟﻮي‬lawīy) to turn (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to crook, curve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
bend, flex, bend up, down, back or over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to twist, contort, wrench,
warp (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to distort, pervert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the head), turn away,
avert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the face); to turn around, turn (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o., to s.th.), face (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to think back (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), recall (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to care, bother (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about),
pay attention or heed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to) | ‫ﻟـﻮى ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻟﻠﺴـﺎن‬ (lisān) to speak ill of s.o.,
backbite s.o.; ‫ﺷﻲء‬ ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ‬not to care about anything, be utterly reckless;
-- (‫ ﱄ‬layy, ‫ ﻟﻴـﺎن‬layyān) to conceal, keep secret (‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from s.o.); --
Confidential
lawiya a (‫ ﻟـﻮى‬lawan) to be crooked, curved, bent; to writhe, twist; to wind,
coil II to bend, bow, incline, tilt, twist, wrench, contort, turn, crook, curve (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to pervert, distort, complicate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to turn, twist, bend, crook,

curve (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to avert (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. from); to wave (‫ ﺑﻴـﺪﻩ‬bi-yadihī one’s
hand); to hoist (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a flag); to take away, put away, remove (‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫اﻟـﻮى‬
‫ ﻋﻨﺎن اﻟﺸﻲء‬to avert, prevent, restrain s.th. (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), check, curb s.th. V to be
twisted, winding, tortuous, sinuous, bent, crooked; to be turned, be twisted;
to turn, twist, wind, meander, coil; to writhe, wriggle, squirm; to display
shrewdness and cunning VIII to be curved, crooked, bent; to be turned, be
twisted; to twist, warp, get contorted, get bent out of shape; to turn off, turn
away; to turn one’s back (or on s.th.); to be or become difficult, involved,
intricate, complicated (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o.)
‫ ﱄ‬layy bending, twist(ing), turn(ing) | ‫( ﱄ اﻟﺸﻴﺸـﺔ‬eg.) the flexible tube of
the narghile; ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻌـﺮف اﳊـﻲ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻠـﻲ‬ya‘rifu l-ḥayya) he doesn’t know enough
to come in out of the rain, he wouldn't know a snake from a garden hose
‫ ﻟﻴﺔ‬Iayya pl. ‫ ﻟﻮى‬liwan bend, fold, flexure, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, turn,
curve
1436
‫ ﻟـﻮى‬lawan pl. ‫ اﻟـﻮاء‬alwā’ gripes, colic; agony, pain, hardship | ‫ﻗﺎﺳـﻰ اﻷﻟـﻮاء‬
‫( واﻟﻸواء‬la’wā’) to die a thousand deaths
‫ ﻟﻮى‬liwan pl. ‫ اﻟﻮاء‬alwā’, ‫ اﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬alwiya curvature
‫ ﻟـﻮاء‬liwā’ pl. ‫ اﻟﻮﻳـﺔ‬alwiya, ‫ اﻟـﻮ ت‬alwiyāt banner, flag, standard; brigade
(mil.; U.A.R., Leb., Ir.); major general (mil.; U.A.R.); rear admiral (Eg.);
province, district (Ir.; the country is subdivided into 14 ‫ﻟـﻮاء | اﻣــﲑ اﻟﻠـﻮاء‬
brigadier general (Ir.); ‫ﻟـﻮاء ﺟــﻮي‬ (jawwī) air-force brigade; ‫ﻋﻘــﺪ ﻟـﻮاء ﺷــﻲء‬
(liwā’a š.) to found, start, originate, produce, cause, arouse, provoke s.th.;
‫ اﻟﺒﺎرﺣـﺔ اﳌﻌﻘـﻮد ﻟﻮاؤﻫـﺎ ﻟﻸﻣـﲑال‬... (liwā’uhā) the admiral’s flagship ...; ‫ﻋﻘـﺪ ﻟـﻪ ﻟـﻮاء‬
‫)ا ـﺪ )اﻟﻨﺼـﺮ‬ ‘uqida lahū l. ul-majd (un-naṣr) approx.: he was awarded the
laurel of fame (of victory)
‫ ﻟﻮاء‬lawwā’ wryneck (zool.)
‫ ﻣﻠـﻮى‬milwan pl. ‫ ﻣـﻼو‬malāwin spanner, wrench; O peg (of stringed
instruments)
‫ اﻟﺘـﻮاء‬iltiwā’ curvedness, curvature; bend, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity,
Confidential
curve; crookedness, wryness; perverseness, absurdity | ‫اﻷرض‬
unevenness of the terrain
‫ اﻟﺘـﻮاء‬ilt. al-arḍ
‫ اﻟﺘﻮاءة‬iltiwā’a (n. vic.) pl. -āt a bending, flexing, twist (e.g., of the body in
dancing)
‫ ﻻو‬lāwin pl. ‫ ﻟـﻮاة‬luwāh turning, twisting | ‫ ﻏـﲑ ﻻو ﻋﻠـﻰ‬reckless of, without
regard for
‫ ﻣﻠـﻮي‬malwī crooked, curved, bent; twisted, warped, contorted; winding,
meandering, tortuous, sinuous; perverted, wrong, absurd
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﻮ‬multawin = ‫ﻣﻠﻮى‬
‫ ﻣﻠﺘﻮى‬multawan pl. -āt turn (of the road), curve; curvature
1‫ ﱄ‬and ‫ ﻟﻴﺔ‬see ‫ﻟﻮى‬
2‫ ﻟﻴﺎء‬liyyā’ mackerel shark, porbeagle (zool.)

‫ ﻟﻴﱪ‬lībaryā Liberia
‫ ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ‬lībiyā Libya; ‫ ﻟﻴﱯ‬lībī Libyan
‫ ﻟﻴـﺖ‬laita and ‫ﻟﻴـﺖ‬ yā laita (particle, with foll. noun in acc. or personal
suffix) would God! if only ...! | ‫ﻷﺟﻠـﻚ‬ ‫ ﻟﻴﺘـﲏ ﻣـﺖ‬laitanī muttu li-ajlika would
God I had died for you! ‫ ﻟﻴﺘـﻪ ﻛـﺎن ﻫﻨـﺎ‬I wish he were here! if only he were
1437
here! ‫ﻳـﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺎن‬ (yadhabu) I wish he had gone! ‫ﺷـﻌﺮي‬ ‫( ﻟﻴـﺖ‬ši‘rī) I wish
I knew ...!
‫ ﻟﻴﱰﺟﻴﺔ‬līturjīya pl. -āt liturgy
‫ ﻟﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻴﺎ‬lītuwānīya Lithuania
‫ ﻟﻴﺘﻮاﱐ‬lītuwānī Lithuanian
‫ ﻟﻴﺚ‬lait pl. ‫ ﻟﻴﻮث‬luyūt lion
‫ ﻟﻴﺎذ‬see ‫ﻟﻮذ‬
‫ ﻟـﲑا‬līrā and ‫ ﻟــﲑة‬līra pl. -āt pound (as a monetary unit) | ‫ﻟــﲑة اﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳــﺔ‬
(ingilīzīya) pound sterling
1‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ‬laisa (without imperf.) not to be (with ‫ ب‬or acc. s.th. or s.o.); not to
exist; (= intensified ‫ )ﻻ‬not |‫( ﻟـﻴﺲ اﻻ‬illā) terminating a sentence: only, and
no more, and nothing else; ‫( ﻟﻴﺲ – ﺳﻮى‬siwā) nothing but, only, merely; ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲء ﻣﻦ اﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬there is not a grain of truth in it; ‫ ﺑـﻞ‬-- ‫( ﻟـﻴﺲ – ﻓﻘـﻂ‬faqaṭ,
bal) not only -- but also; ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ل‬not to have, not to possess; ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻟﻨـﺎ ﺷـﻲء‬we
Confidential
don’t have anything; ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻟـﻪ ان‬he has no right to ..., he mustn’t ...; ‫ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻣـﻦ‬
not to belong to …, have nothing to do with ...; ‫ اﻟـﻴﺲ ﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬a-laisa ka-dālik?
Isn’t it so?; (with ‫ ب‬and participle) to be unable to, ‫ ﻟﺴـﺖ ﺑﻔﺎﻋـﻞ‬lastu bi-
fā‘ilin I can’t do it
2‫ ﻟﻴﺲ‬layisa a (layas) to be valiant, brave, courageous
‫ اﻟﻴﺲ‬alyas2, f. ‫ ﻟﻴﺴﺎء‬laisā’2, pl. ‫ ﻟﻴﺲ‬līs valiant, brave, courageous

‫( ﻟﻴﺴﺎﻧﺲ‬Fr. licence) līsans the academic degree of a licentiate
‫ ﻟﻴﻒ‬II to rub with palm fibers (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to form fibers, become fibrous
‫ ﻟﻴﻒ‬līf (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﻟﻴﺎف‬alyāf fibers, fibrils, bast | ‫( ﻟﻴﻒ ﻫﻨـﺪي‬hindī)
coco fibers, coir; ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎن‬ ‫ اﻟﻴﻒ‬a. al-kattān flax fibers
‫ ﻟﻴﻔـﺔ‬līfa (n. un.) fiber, fibril; tuft of palm fibers used as a brush | ‫ﻟﻴﻔـﺔ‬
‫ اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻤﺎم‬bath ‫ﻫـ‬sponge, luffa
‫ ﻟﻴﻔﻲ‬līfī and ‫ ﻟﻴﻔﺎﱐ‬līfānī fibered, fibrous
‫ ﺗﻠﻴﻒ‬talayyuf fibration, fibrillation; cirrhosis (med.)
1438
(‫ﻻق‬ (‫ ﻟﻴـﻖ‬lāqa i (laiq) to befit, become (‫ ب‬s.o.), be proper, seemly (‫ ب‬for

s.o.), be suitable (‫ ب‬to s.o.), be worthy (‫ ب‬of s.o.); to be suited, appropriate,
fit (‫ ب‬for s.th.); to fit (garment)
‫ ﻟﻴﻘـﺔ‬līqa pl. ‫ ﻟﻴـﻖ‬liyaq tuft of cotton or silk threads which is inserted in an
inkwell; putty; clay; mortar
‫ ﻟﻴﺎﻗــﺔ‬liyāqa propriety, seemliness, suitableness; decorum, decency;
capability, skill; efficiency, competence; worthiness, merit, desert; correct
behavior, blameless conduct, good manners | ‫ﳐـﻞ ﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗـﺔ‬ (mukill improper,
unseemly, unbecoming
‫ اﻟﻴﻖ‬alyaq2 more suitable, more appropriate, more proper, fitter (‫ ب‬for)
‫ ﻻﺋــﻖ‬lā’iq suitable, appropriate, proper, befitting, becoming, seemly;
suited, adapted, fit; worthy, deserving
‫ ﻟﻴﻞ‬lail (usually m.) nighttime, night (as opposed to ‫ ـﺎر‬daytime); pl. ‫ﻟﻴـﺎﱄ‬
layālī (syr.) a certain vocal style; ‫ ﻟـﻴﻼ‬lailan at night | ‫ـﺎر‬ ‫ ﻟﻴـﻞ‬laila nahāra day
and night
‫ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬laila pl. -āt, ‫ ﻟﻴﺎل‬layālin, ‫ ﻟﻴﺎﺋﻞ‬layā’il2 night (u opposed to ‫ ;)ﻳﻮم‬evening;
Confidential
soirée; ‫ اﻟﻠﻴﻠـﺔ‬al-lailata tonight I ‫( ﺑـﲔ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ وﺿـﺤﺎﻫﺎ‬wa-ḍuḥāhā) overnight; ‫ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ‬
‫ اﻣـﺲ‬lailata amsi last night; yesterday evening; ‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ ﺧﲑﻳـﺔ‬kairīya) charity
soirée, benefit performance; ‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻠـﺔ‬l. ad-dukla wedding night; ‫ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ راﻗﺼـﺔ‬
soirée dansante, evening dance; ‫زﻫـﺮةا‬ ‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ‬glamorous evening party; ‫ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ ﺷـﺎدﻳﺔ‬
(šādiya) soirée of vocal music; ‫( ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﻼء‬lailā’2) dark night; ‫ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ ﻟـﻴﻼء‬in the
dark of night, under cover of the night; ‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ اﻟﻘـﺪر‬l. al-qadr or ‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ اﻟﻘﻀـﺎء‬l. al-
qaḍā’ the night in which, according to sura 97, the Koran was revealed,
celebrated between the 26th and 27th of Ramadan; ‫اﳌﻌـﺮاج‬ ‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ‬l. al-mi‘rāj the
night of the 27th of Rajab in which the Prophet made his journey through
the seven heavens; ‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ ﻧﺼـﻒ ﺷـﻌﺒﺎن‬l. niṣf aš-ša‘bān the night between the
14th and 16th of Shaban, when, according to popular belief, the heavenly
tree of life is shaken, shedding the leaves of those who will die next year;
‫ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻄـﺔ‬ l. an-nuqṭa the night of June 17th (the 11th day of the Coptic
month Ba’ūna) when, according to popular belief, a miraculous drop falls
from heaven, thus causing the annual rise of the Nile
‫ ﻟﻴﻠﺘﺌﺬ‬lailata’idin (in) that night; (on) that evening
1439
‫ ﻟﻴﻠـﻲ‬lailī nocturnal, nightly; of night, night- (in compounds); evening

(adj.)
‫ ﻟﻴﻠــﻰ‬lailā a woman’s name | ‫ ﻛــﻞ ﻳﺒﻜــﻲ )ﻳﻐــﲏ( ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻟــﻴﻼﻩ‬kullun yabkī
(yugannī) ‘alā lailāhu everyone sings his own tune, does as he pleases,
follows his own fancy; ‫ﻛــﻞ ﻳـﺪﻋﻲ وﺻـﻼ ﺑﻠـﻴﻼﻩ‬ (yadda‘ī waṣlan) everybody
claims to be the chosen one, every-one brags in his own way
‫ ﻟﻴﻼء‬see ‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫( ﻟﻴﻠﻚ‬Engl.) lailak lilac
‫ ﻟﻴﻤﺎن‬līmān pl. -āt harbor, port; penitentiary
‫ ﻟﻴﻤﻮن‬laimūn, līmūn (n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt lemon | ‫ ﻟﻴﻤﻮن ﺣﺎﻣﺾ‬lime; ‫ﺷﺮاب اﻟﻠﻴﻤﻮن‬
šarāb al-l. lemonade
1‫)ﻟﲔ‬ ‫ )ﻻن‬lāna i (līn, ‫ ﻟﻴﺎن‬layān) to be or become soft, tender, gentle, mild,
pliable, flexible, supple; to yield, give way; to soften, relent, calm down; to
become milder, friendlier | ‫ﻳﻠﲔ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬inflexible, unbending; ‫( ﻻﻧﺖ ﻗﻨﺎﺗﻪ‬qanātuhū)
to show o.s. compliant, yield, relent, give in II and IV to soften, relax, (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to placate, soothe, allay, mitigate, assuage, temper, moderate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
ill to be gentle, kind, friendly (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to treat with kindness and leniency
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻟــﲔ‬līn softness; tenderness; tender treatment; gentleness; flexibility,
pliableness, suppleness; yieldingness, compliance, tractability; pliancy,
smoothness, diarrhea | ‫اﻟﻌﻈـﺎم‬ ‫ ﻟﲔ‬softening of the bones, osteomalicia (med.);
‫ ﻟﲔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬tractability, docility; ‫ ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻠﲔ‬the “soft” letters ‫ ي‬,‫ و‬,‫ا‬
‫ ﻟﲔ‬layyin pl. -ūn, ‫ اﻟﻴﻨﺎء‬alyinā’2 and lain pl. -ūn soft; flabby, feeble; tender;
gentle; flexible, pliable, yielding; pliant, supple, resilient, elastic, tractable |
‫ﻟــﲔ اﻟﻌﺮﻳﻜــﺔ‬ l. al-‘arīka mild-mannered, gentle-hearted; ‫ﻟــﲔ اﻟﻘﻴــﺎد‬ tractable,
manageable, docile, obedient; ‫ﻟﲔ‬ ‫( ﺑﻄﻨﻪ‬baṭnuhū) he suffers from diarrhea
‫ ﻟﻴﻮﻧــﺔ‬luyūna softness; tenderness; gentleness; flexibility, pliability,
suppleness | ‫ﻟﻴﻮﻧــﺔ اﳉﺎﻧــﺐ‬ sociability, companionableness, compliance,
yieldingness, tractability
‫ ﻣﻼﻳﻨﺔ‬mulāyana friendliness, kindness
‫ ﻣﻠﲔ‬mulayyin softening, emollient; dissolvent, diluent; aperient, cathartic,
laxative; ‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻨﺎت‬laxatives
1440
2 ‫ﻟﻴﺎن‬see ‫ﻟﻮى‬
Confidential
1441
‫م‬
‫ )= ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﳏﺪودة‬. ‫ م‬. ‫ م‬. ‫ )ش‬Inc., Ltd.
‫ م‬ma for ‫ ﻣـﺎ‬what? after prepositions: ‫ اﱃ م‬ilā ma whereto? Where? which
way? whither? ‫ ﰈ‬bi-ma with what? Wherewith? ‫ ﱂ‬li-ma why? wherefore?
‫ ﺣﱴ م‬ḥattā ma how far? to which point?
‫ ﻣﺎ‬mā 1. (interrogative pronoun) what | ‫ ﳌﺎ‬li-mā why? wherefore? for what
reason? ‫ﻣـﺎذا‬ mā-dā what (on earth)? ‫ ﳌـﺎذا‬li-mādā why (on earth)? ‫ﻣـﺎ ﻟـﻚ‬
what’s the matter with you? what is it? ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻟـﻚ‬,‫ ﻣـﺎ ﱄ‬etc., (with foll. verb)
why? wherefore? what ... for? why should I, should you, etc.? ‫ﻣـﺎ اﻧـﺖ وذاك‬
mā anta wa-dāka what’s that to you? what has this to do with you? what do
you know about that? ‫اﲨﻠﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣﺎ‬mā ajmalahū how handsome he is! ‫ﻣﺎ اﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
mā afḍala ‘umara! how excellent Omar is! -- 2. (relative pronoun) that
which, what; something which; whatever, all that ... | ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎء‬see ‫ﺷﺎء; ﻛﺜﲑا‬
‫ﻣـﺎ‬ katīran mā not seldom, as often as not, very often; ‫ ﲟـﺎ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬bi-mā fīhi
Confidential
including ..., ... inclusive; ‫ﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻦ اﻣﻀـﺎء اﳌﻌﺎﻫـﺪة‬ (imḍā’i l-mu’āhada) the
fact that the agreement has been signed, the agreement having been signed; -
- 3. (indefinite pronoun) foll. an indefinite noun: some, a certain | ‫ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ ﻷﻣـﺮ‬li-
amrin mā because of something or other, for some reason or other; ‫ﻳﻮﻣـﺎ ﻣـﺎ‬
yauman mā some day, sometime in the future; -- 4. (negation) not | ‫ان‬ ‫( ﻣﺎ‬in)
not (intensified); ‫ﺣـﱴ‬ -- ‫ ﻣﺎ ان‬mā an – ḥattā no sooner had he ... than ..., he
had hardly … when ...; ‫ وﻣـﺎ ﻫـﻲ اﻻ ان‬wa-mā hiya illā an or ‫( وﻣـﺎ ﻫـﻮ اﻻ ان‬with
foll. verb in perfect) before long he ..., presently ...; then, thereupon; ‫وﻣﺎ ﻫـﻲ‬
‫ ﺣـﱴ‬-- ‫ اﻻ ان‬wa-mā hiva illā an – ḥattā no sooner had he ... than he had
hardly when ...; -- 5. (conjunction) as long as | ‫ ﻣﺎ دﻣـﺖ ﺣﻴـﺎ‬mā dumtu ḥayyan
as long I live; ‫ ﻣﺎ ﱂ‬mā lam so long as ... not, unless; -- 6. whenever; as far as,
to the extent or degree that | ‫ﻣـﺎ واﺗﺘـﲏ اﻟﻔـﺮص‬ (wātatnī l-furaṣ) (whenever
opportunities came my way, i.e.) whenever I had a chance
‫ﻣـﺎ ﺑـﲔ‬ mā-bain antechamber, anteroom (of the Turkish Sultan); chief
chamber-lain’s office (in Ottoman Turkey)
‫ ﻣﺎء‬and ‫ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬see ‫ﻣﻮﻩ‬
1442
‫( ﻣﺎﺗﻴﻨﻴﻪ‬Fr. matinée) mātīnēh matinee

‫ ﻣﺎﺟﺮ ت‬see ‫ﺟﺮي‬
‫ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‬mājistēr master, schoolmaster
‫ ﻣﺎﺧﻮر‬mākūr pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺧﲑ‬mawākīr2 house of ill repute, brothel
‫ ﻣﺎر‬mār Mar, lord (Chr., preceding the names of saints), saint
‫ ﻣﺎرس‬mars March (month)
‫ ﻣﺎرﺳﺘﺎن‬māristān lunatic asylum
‫ ﻣﺎرش‬marš march (mus.)
‫ ﻣﺎرﺷـﺎل‬mārišāl marshal, field marshal | ‫( ﻣﺎرﺷـﺎل ﺟـﻮي‬jawwī) air marshal
(formerly, a rank reserved exclusively for the King; Eg.)
‫ ﻣﺎرﺷﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬mārišālīya marshalcy, rank or position of a marshal
‫ ﻣﺎرك‬mark pl. -āt mark (monetary unit)
‫ ﻣﺎرﻛﺴﻲ‬marksī Marxist
‫ ﻣﺎرﻛﺴﻴﺔ‬marksīya Marxism
‫ ﻣﺎرﻛﺔ‬marka pl. -āt mark, sign, token | ‫( ﻣﺎرﻛﺔ ﲡﺎرﻳﺔ‬tijārīya) trade-mark
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺎروﱐ‬mārūnī pl. ‫ ﻣﻮارﻧﺔ‬mawārina Maronite (adj. and n.)
‫ ﻣﺎزوت‬māzūt mazut (residue in oil distillation, used as a fuel), heavy oil
‫ ﻣﺎس‬mās and ‫ ﻣﺎﺳﺔ‬māsa (for ‫ )اﳌﺎس‬diamond
‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻲ‬māsī diamond (used attributively)
‫ ﻣﺎﺳـﻮرة‬māsūra pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺳـﲑ‬mawāsīr2 pipe, tube; hose; pipestem; water pipe,
water main; gun barrel; conduit, conduit pipe; pipeline (esp., for oil)
‫( ﻣﺎﺳﻮن‬Fr. maçon) māsōn Freemason
‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﱐ‬māsōnī freemasonic, masonic
‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬māsōnīya Freemasonry
‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻚ‬māšik pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺷﻚ‬mawāšik2 tongs, fire tongs
‫ ﻣﺌﻖ‬ma’iqa a (‫ ﻣﺄق‬ma’aq) to sob
‫ ﻣﺄق‬ma’q pl. ‫ ﻣﺂق‬ma’āqin inner corner of the eye
‫ ﻣﺄﻗﺔ‬ma’qa sobbing, sob
‫ ﻣﻮق‬mūq pl. ‫ آﻣﺎق‬āmāq inner corner of the eye
‫( ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎج‬Fr. maquillage) mākiyāiii face painting, make-up
1443
‫ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﻨﺔ‬mākīna pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬makā’in2 machine

‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻄﺔ‬malṭa Malta
‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻄﻲ‬malṭī Maltese (adj. and n.)
‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻨﺨﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬mālinkōliyā or ‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺨﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬mālīkōliyā melancholia
‫ ﻣﺄﻣﺄ‬ma’ma’a to bleat (sheep)
‫ ﻣـﺄن‬ma’ana a (ma’n) to sustain, supply with provisions, provision, victual
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﺄﻧﺔ‬ma’na pl. ma’anāt, ‫ ﻣﺆون‬mu’ūn navel, umbilicus; umbilical region
‫ ﻣﺆﻧـﺔ‬mu’na and ‫ ﻣﺆوﻧـﺔ‬ma’ūna pl. ‫ ﻣـﺆن‬mu’an provisions, food.; store, stock;
supply; burden, encumbrance, inconvenience; trouble, pains, effort | ‫ﻣـﺆن‬
‫( ﺣﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ḥarbīya) war material
‫ ﻣﺌﲏ‬see ‫ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬below
‫ ﻣﺎﳒﻮ‬mangō mango, mango tree (bot.)
‫ ﻣﺎﳒﻮﺳﺖ‬mangost mongoose, ichneumon (zool.)
Confidential
‫( اﳌﺎﻧﺶ‬Fr. la Manche) al-mānš the English Channel
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬mānūliyā magnolia (bot.)
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻮي‬mānawī Manichaean
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬mānawīya Manichaeism, doctrines of Manes
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﻔﺎﺗﻮرة‬mānīfātūra manufactured goods, dry goods, textiles
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﻔﺴﺘﻮ‬mānīfistō manifest, list of a ship’s cargo
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎن‬mānīkān, (also ‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎن‬mānūkān) pl. -āt mannequin, fashion model
‫ ﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺔ‬māhīya pl. -āt quality, quiddity, essence, nature; salary, income; pay
(mil.)
‫( ﻣﺎﻳﺴﱰو‬It. maestro) māyistrō maestro, conductor
‫ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬or ‫ ﻣﺌﺔ‬mi’a pl. ‫ ﻣﺌﻮن‬mi’ūn, ‫ ﻣﺌﺎت‬mi’āt hundred | ‫ ﰲ اﳌﺎﺋﺔ‬per cent
‫ ﻣﺌﻮي‬mi’awī and ‫ ﻣﺌﻴﲏ‬mi’īnī centesimal, centigrade; percentile, percentual
| ‫ﻣﺌـﻮي‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻴـﺪ‬īd) 100th anniversary, centennial; ‫ ﻧﺴـﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳـﺔ‬or ‫( ﻧﺴـﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻴﻨﻴـﺔ‬nisba)
percentage; ‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫( درﺟﺔ‬daraja) centigrade (thermometer)
1‫ ﻣﺎﻳﻮ‬māyū May
2‫( ﻣﺎﻳﻮ‬Fr. maillot) māyō and ‫ ﻣﺎﻳﻮﻩ‬māyōh tights
1444
‫ ﻣـﺖ‬matta u (matt) to spread, extend, stretch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to seek to establish

a link (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o., ‫ب‬ by marriage), enter into relations (‫ اﱃ‬with); to be
related, become related by marriage (‫ اﱃ‬to), marry into the family of (‫;)اﱃ‬
to belong (‫ اﱃ‬to); to be associated, be connected (‫ اﱃ‬with) | ‫ﺑﺼـﻠﺔ اﱃ‬ (bi-
ṣilatin) to have close ties with s.o., be related (by marriage) to s.o.; to be
connected with s.th., have to do with s.th.; ‫( ﻣـﺖ ﻟـﻪ ﻗـﺮب اﻟﺼـﻠﺔ‬bi-aqrabi ṣ-
ṣila) to be most intimately connected with s.o.
‫ ﻣﺎﺗﺔ‬mātta close ties; family ties, kinship
‫ ﻣﺘﺢ‬mataḥa a (matḥ) to draw from a well (‫ ﻫـ‬water)
‫ ﻣﱰ‬mitr pl. ‫ اﻣﺘﺎر‬amtār meter (measure of length)
‫ ﻣﱰي‬mitrī metric(al)
‫( ﻣﱰاﻟﻴﻮز‬Ft. mitrailleuse) mitrāliyōz machine gun
‫ ﻣﺘﻊ‬mata‘a a (mat‘, ‫ ﻣﺘﻌﺔ‬mut‘a) to carry away, take away (‫ ب‬s.th.); -- (‫ﻣﺘﻮع‬
mutū‘) to be strong, firm, solid | ‫اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬ ‫( ﻣﺘـﻊ‬nahār) it was broad daylight, the
Confidential
sun was high II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to furnish, equip, supply
(‫ه‬‫ ب‬s.o. with); to give as compensation (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫـﺎ‬to a divorced woman s.th.) |
‫ ﻣﺘﻌـﻪ ﷲ‬God grant him enjoyment throughout his life; ‫( ﻣﺘـﻊ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬baṣara) to
gratify the eye IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to have the usufruct (‫ب‬
of s.th.) V and X to enjoy, savor, relish (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺘﻌــﺔ‬mut‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﺘــﻊ‬muta‘ enjoyment, pleasure, delight, gratification;
recreation; compensation paid to a divorced woman (Isl. Law); (also ‫ﻧﻜـﺎح‬
‫ )اﳌﺘﻌﺔ‬muta, temporary marriage. usufruct marriage contracted for a specified
time and exclusively for the purpose of sexual pleasure (Isl. Law) | ‫اﻣـﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ اﳌﺘﻌﺔ‬recreation centers
‫ ﻣﺘـﺎع‬matā‘ pl. ‫ اﻣﺘﻌـﺔ‬amti‘a enjoyment, pleasure, delight, gratification;
object of delight; necessities of life; chattel, possession, property; goods,
wares, commodities, merchandise; furniture; implements, utensils,
household effects; baggage, luggage, equipment, gear; useful article, article
of everyday use; things, objects, stuff, odds and ends | ‫ ﻣﺘـﺎع اﻟﻌـﲔ‬m. al-‘ain
1445
delight of the eyes; ‫ ﺳﻘﻂ اﳌﺘﺎع‬saqaṭ al-m. scrap, waste, discard, refuse; ‫اﻷﻣﺘﻌﺔ‬
‫( اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬šakṣīya) personal belongings; ‫ ﻣﺘﺎع اﳌﺮأة‬m. al-mar’a cunnus (anat.)
‫ اﻣﺘﻊ‬amta‘ more enjoyable, more delightful; recreative, recreational
‫ اﻣﺘﺎع‬imtā‘ pleasure, delight, gratification (which s.th. affords)
‫ ﲤﺘـﻊ‬tamattu‘ enjoyment | ‫ اﺳـﻬﻢ ﲤﺘـﻊ‬ashum t. participating certificates,
shares entitling the bolder to participation in the net profit without the right
to vote
‫ اﺳﺘﻤﺘﺎع‬istimtā‘ enjoyment; love of pleasure, epicureanism
‫ ﻣﺎﺗﻊ‬māti‘ long
‫ ﳑﺘﻊ‬mumatti‘ pleasant, delicious, enjoyable, delightful, gratifying
‫ ﳑﺘﻊ‬mumatta‘ enjoying (‫ ب‬s.th.), in position (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﳑﺘــﻊ‬mumti‘ pleasant, delicious, enjoyable, delightful, gratifying;
interesting
‫ ﻣـﱳ‬matuna u (‫ ﻣﺘﺎﻧـﺔ‬matāna) to be firm, strong, solid II to make firm or
strong (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to strengthen, consolidate, fortify (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﱳ‬matn pl. ‫ ﻣﺘـﻮن‬mutūn, ‫ ﻣﺘـﺎن‬mitān half, or side, of the back; back (esp.,
of animals, but also fig.); main thing, main part; body (e.g., of a document
or journal, aside from footnotes, annotations, etc.), text (of a tradition, as
distinguished from the isnād; of a book, as distinguished from the
commentary; also, in general, linguistic or literary text); middle of the road,
roadway, pavement; surface; desk of a ship | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﱳ‬aboard (a ship or
airplane); ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﱳ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬m. il-baḥr) by sea, sea-borne; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﱳ اﳍـﻮاء‬m. il-
hawā’) through the air, air-borne
‫ ﻣﱳ‬matn and ‫ ﻣﱳ‬firm, strong, solid
‫ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﺔ‬matāna firmness, strength, solidity, hardiness; will power, strength of
will, determination, backbone, firmness of character, fortitude; succinctness,
conciseness of style
‫ ﲤﺘﲔ‬tamtīn strengthening, consolidation
‫ ﻣـﱴ‬matā s. (interrogative particle) when? at what time? | ‫ اﱃ ﻣـﱴ‬and ‫ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﻣــﱴ‬ till when? how long? -- 2. (conjunction) when, whenever | ‫ﻣــﱴ ﻣــﺎ‬
whenever
‫ ﻣﺜﺎث‬matāt cream, cosmetic
1446
‫ ﻣﺜـﻞ‬matala u (‫ ﻣﺜـﻮل‬mutūl) to resemble (‫ ه‬s.o.), be or look like s.o. (‫)ه‬,

boar a likeness (‫ ه‬to); to imitate, copy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to compare, liken (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o.
to); to represent, mean, signify (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), stand for (‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to stand erect (‫ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ‬
baina yadaihī before s.o. in audience), appear before s.o.; to present o.s. to
s.o.; to present itself to the eye, be on view; to plant o.s., stand; to step forth,
come forward, enter, appear, make one’s appearance (esp. of an actor, on
the stage) | ‫( ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺑـﲔ ﻳـﺪي اﳌﻠـﻚ‬b. yadayyi l-malik) to have an audience with
the king, be received in audience by the king; -- u (matl) to maim, mutilate
(‫ ب‬s.o.); -- u (matl, ‫ ﻣﺜﻠـﺔ‬mutla) to make an example (‫ ب‬of s.o.); -- matula u
(‫ ﻣﺜـﻮل‬mutūl) to stand, appear (‫ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ‬ ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬baina yadaihi before s.o. in audience)
II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) like s.th. else (‫)ب‬, make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) similar. analogous (‫ب‬
to); to assimilate (biol.); to give or quote as an example (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. of, also ‫ﻫـ‬
s.th. ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of), exemplify (‫ ل ب‬with s.th. s.th.), use as a simile (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. for);
to compare, liken (‫ ه‬,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th. to); to punish severely, treat harshly (‫ب‬
s.o.); to maim, mutilate (‫ ب‬s.o.); to represent pictorially or graphically,
Confidential
show (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), picture, depict, describe (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to portray,
paint (‫ ه‬s.o.), sculpture a bust or statue (‫ ه‬of s.o.); to represent (‫ ه‬s.o.,
s.th.); to act (on stage or screen), appear as an actor; to play, act (‫ دورا‬dauran
‫ﻫـ‬
a part or role), star (‫ دورا‬in a role); to stage, perform (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a play); to form,
constitute (chem.) | ‫ﲤﺜﻴـﻞ‬
‫( ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺑـﻪ اﺷـﻨﻊ‬ašna‘ t.) to make a dreadful example of
s.o., punish s.o. with utmost cruelty III to resemble (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be or
look like s.o. or s.th. (‫ه‬ ,‫)ﻫ ـ‬, be similar, bear a likeness (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to
correspond, be analogous (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to compare, liken (‫ ب ه‬s.o.
to) V to make o.s. similar, assimilate o.s. (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to become similar (‫ب‬
to), become like s.o. or s.th. (‫)ب‬, follow (‫ ب‬s.o. s.th.), take after s.o. or s.th.
(‫ ;)ب‬to take on the shape of s.o. (‫ ;)ب‬to assimilate, absorb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to do
likewise, imitate, copy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to imagine, fancy (‫ ب‬s.th., with ‫ ه‬and
verb; s.o. to do s.th.); to get an idea (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to give or quote as an example,
use as a simile (‫ ب‬s.th.); to quote, cite (‫ ب‬a verse); to present itself, be
1447
represented, be visible, find visual expression (‫ ﰲ‬in); to embody, personify,

(im)personate, typify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stand erect, appear (‫ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ‬ ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬baina yadaihi
before s.o.) VI to resemble each other, be alike, go together, agree, match; to
recover (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) | ‫اﱃ اﻟﺸـﻔﺎء‬ or ‫ﲤﺎﺛـﻞ ﻟﻠﺸـﻔﺎء‬ (šifā’) to be on the way to
recovery VIII to take as a model or an example, imitate, copy, follow (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to submit, subject o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.o., to s.th.); to obey (‫ ﻫـ‬an order)
‫ ﻣﺜـﻞ‬mitl pl. ‫ اﻣﺜـﺎل‬amtāl s.th. similar, s.th. of the same kind; resemblance,
similarity, similitude, likeness; image; equivalent; (with foll. genit. or
suffix) s.o. like ..., one like ...; s.th. like ...; ‫ ﻣﺜـﻞ‬mitla (prep.) and ‫ ﻛﻤﺜـﻞ‬ka-
mitli similar to, like, just as; one like; s.th. like; the same as; (just) as much
as |‫ ﻫـﻢ ﻣﺜﻠـﻪ‬hum mitluhū they are like him, they are of his kind; ‫ ﳌﺜـﻞ‬in the
same manner, likewise, equally, also, too; ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ‬mitla mā just as, as well as;
‫ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ‬bi-mitl mā in the same manner as; ‫ اﺟﺮ اﳌﺜﻞ‬ajr al-m. adequate payment
or wages; ‫‘( ﻋﺎﻣﻠـﻪ ﳌﺜـﻞ‬āmalahū) to repay s.o. like for like, treat s.o. in like
manner; ‫( ﻣﺒﺪأ اﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﳌﺜﻞ‬mabda’ al-mu‘āmala) principle of reciprocity; ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
Confidential
‫( اﳌﺜـﻞ ﳌﺜـﻞ‬muqābalat al-m.) retaliation, reprisal; ‫ اﻣﺜﺎﻟـﻪ‬amtāluhū people like
him, people of his kind; ‫ اﻣﺜـﺎل اﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬people like Abū Bakr; ‫ اﱃ ﺛﻼﺛـﺔ اﻣﺜﺎﻟـﻪ‬up
to three times as much
‫ ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ‬mitlamā (conj.) as
‫ ﻣﺜﻠﻲ‬mitlī replaceable; fungible (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻣﺜﻠﻰ‬mutlā see ‫ اﻣﺜﻞ‬amtal
‫ ﻣﺜـﻞ‬matal pl. ‫ اﻣﺜـﺎل‬amtāl likeness; metaphor, simile, parable; proverb,
adage; example; lesson, similar case; ideal, model; ‫ ﻣﺜﻼ‬matalan for example,
for instance, e.g. | ‫ ﻣﺜـﻞ ﻛﻤﺜـﻞ‬he is comparable to ..., he is like ...; ‫ﻣﺜـﻞ اﻋﻠـﻰ‬
(asmā) or ‫( ﻣﺜﻞ اﻋﻠـﻰ‬a‘lā) ideal; ‫ ﺿـﺮب اﻷﻣﺜـﺎل‬see ‫ ﺿـﺮب; اﻷﻣﺜـﺎل اﻟﺴـﺎﺋﺮة‬proverbs;
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ رأي اﳌﺜﻞ‬ra’yi l-m.) as the proverb says

‫ ﻣﺜـﺎل‬mitāl pl. ‫ اﻣﺜﻠـﺔ‬amtila, ‫ ﻣﺜـﻞ‬mutul s.th. equal; s.th. similar; simile,
parable, allegory; example; pattern, standard; exemplary punishment;
model; image, picture | ‫ﻣﺜـﺎل‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬... in the manner of ...; after the pattern or
model of ...; ‫اﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫( ﻣﺜﺎل‬a‘lā) pl. ‫‘( ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ‬ulyā) ideal; ‫‘( ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬āliya) ideals
1448
‫ ﻣﺜﺎﱄ‬mitālī parabolic; allegoric; typical, representative; model; exemplary;

ideal | ‫اﻟﻨﺰﻋﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺜﺎل‬m. n-naz‘a idealist
‫ ﻣﺜﺎل‬mattāl pl. -ūn sculptor
‫ ﻣﺜﺎﻟـﺔ‬exemplariness, perfection, superiority; (pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﺜﺎﺋـﻞ‬matā’il2) lesson,
task, assignment
‫ ﻣﺜﻴـﻞ‬matīl pl. ‫ ﻣﺜـﻞ‬mutul like, similar, analogous; equal, match | ‫ ﻣﺜﻴﻠـﻪ‬f.
‫ ﻣﺜﻴﻠﺘﻬـﺎ‬of his (its) kind, of her kind; ‫( ﻻ ﻣﺜﻴـﻞ ﻟـﻪ‬matīla), ‫ ﱂ ﻳﺴـﺒﻖ ﻟـﻪ‬,‫ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻟـﻪ ﻣﺜﻴـﻞ‬
‫( ﻣﺜﻴﻞ‬yasbiq) incomparable, matchless, unrivaled, unparalleled
‫ ﻣﺜﻮل‬mutūl standing erect; appearance; presentation; audience
‫ اﻣﺜﻮﻟـﺔ‬umtūla pl. -āt, ‫ اﻣﺎﺛﻴـﻞ‬amātīl2 example; deterrent example, warning,
lesson; proverb; assignment, lesson
‫ اﻣﺜـﻞ‬amtal2, f. ‫ ﻣﺜﻠـﻰ‬mutlā, pl. ‫ اﻣﺎﺛـﻞ‬amātil2 closer to perfection, coming
nearer the ideal; ideal; model, exemplary, perfect | ‫ اﻟﺴـﺒﻴﻞ اﳌﺜﻠـﻰ ل‬the ideal
way to ...
‫ ﲤﺜـﺎل‬timtāl pl. ‫ ﲤﺎﺛﻴـﻞ‬tamātīl2 sculptured image; statue | ‫( ﲤﺜـﺎل ﻧﺼـﻔﻲ‬niṣfī)
Confidential
bust
‫ ﲤﺜﻴـﻞ‬tamtīl pl. ‫ ﲤﺎﺛﻴـﻞ‬tamātīl2 quotation of examples, exemplification;
likening, comparison; assimilation; portrayal, picturing, depiction,
description; representation; diplomatic representation; dramatic
representation, acting, playing (of an actor); performance, show; dramatic
art; exemplary punishment | ‫ﲡـﺎري‬
‫( ﲤﺜﻴـﻞ‬tijārī) commercial agency; ‫ﲤﺜﻴـﻞ ﻓـﻼن‬
(in motion-picture announcements) starring so-and-so; ‫ ﺑـﺪل اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴـﻞ‬badal at-t.
allowance for representation, allowance for professional expenditure,
expense allowance; ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ دار‬theater, playhouse, opera house; ‫ ﻓﻦ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬fann
at-t. dramatic art, theater; sculpture; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴـﻞ‬for the purpose of
illustration
‫ ﲤﺜﻴﻠـﻲ‬tamtīlī of or pertaining to the theater or stage, theatrical, histrionic;
dramatic | ‫ﲤﺜﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﻠﻌﺐ‬mal‘ab) theater, playhouse
‫ ﲤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬tamtīlīya: ‫( ﲤﺜﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ginā’īya) opera
‫ﳑﺎﺛﻠـ ــﺔ‬
mumātala resemblance, similarity, similitude, likeness,
correspondence; analogy; exact equivalence (Isl. Law)
‫ ﲤﺜﻞ‬tamattul assimilation (biol.)
1449
‫ ﲤﺎﺛ ــﻞ‬tamātul matching, agreement, correspondence, resemblance,

similarity, similitude, likeness, recovery, convalescence
‫ اﻣﺘﺜﺎل‬imtitāl obedience, compliance, consent
‫ ﻣﺎﺛــﻞ‬mātil standing, standing forth; placed, set down; displayed, on
display; emerging, arising, cropping up, appearing, presenting itself | ‫ﻣﺎﺛـﻞ‬
‫( اﻣـﺎم ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬amāma ‘ainaihi) present before s.o.’s eyes; ‫( ﻣﺎﺛـﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻴـﺎن‬li-l-‘iyān)
visible, conspicuous, evident, obvious; ‫( ﻣﺎﺛـﻞ ﰲ ﺣﻀـﺮﺗﻪ‬ḥaḍratihī) in front of
s.o., in s.o.’s presence
‫ ﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬mātila lamp, chandelier
‫ ﳑﺜـﻞ‬mumattil representing, representative, representational; -- (pl. -ūn)
representative (also, e.g., diplomatic), deputy, agent; performer, player,
stage player, actor; comedian | ‫ﲡﺎري‬ ‫( ﳑﺜﻞ‬tijārī) commercial agent
‫ ﳑﺜﻠﺔ‬mumattlila pl. -āt actress
‫ ﳑﺜﻠﻴ ــﺔ‬mumattilīya representation, agency | ‫( ﳑﺜﻠﻴــﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻴﺔ‬siyāsīya)
diplomatic representation
‫ ﳑﺜﻞ‬mumattal depicted, portrayed; represented; assimilated (biol.)
Confidential
‫ ﳑﺎﺛــﻞ‬mumātil resembling, similar, like, comparable; corresponding,
analogous
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛــﻞ‬mutamātil resembling each other, similar, of the same kind,
homogeneous; mutually corresponding, homologous; identical; assimilating,
assimilative
‫ ﳑﺘﺜﻞ‬mumtatil obedient, submissive, compliant
‫ ﻣﺜﺎﻧﺔ‬matāna pl. -āt (urinary) bladder
‫ ﻣـﺞ‬majja u (mail) to spit out, disgorge, eject, emit, discharge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
reject, dismiss, discard (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II to become ripe, ripen, mellow
‫ ﳎﺎج‬mujāj and ‫ ﳎﺎﺟﺔ‬mujāja spittle, saliva; juice

‫ ﳎــﺪ‬majada u (majd) and majuda u (‫ ﳎــﺎدة‬majāda) to be glorious,
illustrious, exalted II and IV to praise, extol, laud, glorify, celebrate V to be
extolled, be glorified, be lauded, be praised; to bout, glory
‫ ﳎﺪ‬majd pl. ‫ اﳎـﺎد‬amjād glory; splendor, magnificence, grandeur; nobility,
honor, distinction
‫ ﳎﺪي‬majdī laudable, praiseworthy, glorious
1450
‫ ﳎﻴـﺪ‬majīd glorious, illustrious; celebrated, famous; glorified. exalted;

praiseworthy, laudable, admirable, excellent, splendid; noble | ‫اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب ا ﻴـﺪ‬
the Koran
‫ ﳎﻴـﺪي‬majīdī medjidie, a Turkish silver coin of 20 piasters coined under
Sultan Abdul-Medjid; (of money) Turkish
‫ اﳎﺎد‬amjād (pl. of ‫ )ﳎﻴﺪ‬people of rank, distinguished people
‫ اﳎـﺪ‬amjad2 pl. ‫ اﻣﺎﺟــﺪ‬amājid2 more glorious, more illustrious; more
distinguished
‫ ﲤﺠﻴﺪ‬tamjīd praise, glorification, exaltation, idolization
1‫ ﳎﺮ‬majara u (majr) to be thirsty, feel thirsty, to thirst
‫ ﳎﺮ‬majr numerous (army)
‫ ﻣـﺎﺟﻮر‬mājūr pl. ‫ ﻣـﻮاﺟﲑ‬mawājīr2 (eg.) round earthen trough or tub used for
making dough; tall, bulging earthen vessel with a wide mouth
2‫ﺮ‬ ‫ ا‬al-majar the Hungarians; Hungary
‫ ﳎﺮي‬majarī Hungarian
3‫ ﳎﺮ‬majar a small weight 18 3.61 = ‫ ﻗﲑاط‬g (Eg.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺎﺟﺮ ت‬see ‫ﺟﺮى‬
‫ ﳎﺮﻳﻂ‬majrīṭ2 Madrid
‫ ﳎﻮس‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﳎﻠﺔ‬majla pl. ‫ ﳎﺎل‬mijāl, (coll.) ‫ ﳎﻞ‬majl blister; see also under ‫ ﺟﻞ‬jalla
‫ ﻣﺎﺟﻞ‬mājil pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺟﻞ‬mawājil2 (tun.) cistern
‫ ﳑﺠﻤﺞ‬mumajmaj indistinct, scribbled, illegible
1‫ ﳎـﻦ‬majana u (mujn, ‫ﳎـﻮن‬ mujūn, ‫ﳎﺎﻧـﺔ‬ majāna) to joke, jest; to scoff,
mock, jeer III to jeer, scoff, gibe (‫ ه‬s.o.), mock, poke fun (‫ ه‬at s.o.), joke,
jest (‫ ه‬with s.o.), make fun (‫ ه‬of s.o.), play wild jokes (‫ ه‬on s.o.) V to make
insolent jokes VI to mock at each other
‫ ﳎﺎﻧﺔ‬majāna buffoonery, clowning; (pl. -āt prank; antic
‫ ﳎـﺎن‬majjān, impudent, insolent, unrestrained, wanton, shameless; jester;
prankster, wag, buffoon; free, free or charge, gratuitous; ‫ ﳎـﺎ‬majjānan or
‫ﺎن‬ bi-l-majān free of charge, for nothing, gratis
‫ ﳎﺎﱐ‬majjānī free, free of charges, gratuitous
1451
‫ ﳎﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬majjānīya gratuitousness, exemption from fees, remission of fees

‫ ﳎﻮن‬mujūn buffoonery, clowning; shamelessness, impudence
‫ ﳎﻮﱐ‬mujūnī brazen sarcast, cynic
‫ ﻣـﺎﺟﻦ‬mājin pl. ‫ ﳎـﺎن‬mujjān impudent, shameless, brazen, insolent, saucy;
joker, jester, wag, buffoon
2‫ ﻣﺎﺟﻦ‬mājin pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺟﻦ‬mawājin2 (= ‫( )ﻣﺎﺟﻞ‬tun.) cistern
‫ ﳎﻨﻴﺰﻳﻮم‬magnīzīyom magnesium
‫ ﳎﻮس‬majūs Magi, adherents of Mazdaism
‫ ﳎﻮﺳﻲ‬majūsī Magian; Magus, adherent of Mazdaism
‫ ﳎﻮﺳﻴﺔ‬majūsīyya Mazdaism
‫ ﻣﺢ‬maḥḥ worn off, threadbare, shabby
‫ ﻣﺢ‬muḥḥ the best, choicest part, pith, gist, quintessence; egg yolk
‫ ﳏـﺺ‬maḥaṣa a (maḥṣ) to render clear, clarify, purify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II do.; to
rectify, put right (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to put to the test (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to test, examine closely
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to reappear, re-emerge, come out again V do.; to be clarified. be
Confidential
purified VII to he clarified, he purified
‫ ﳏﻴﺺ‬maḥīṣ shiny, flashing (sword)
‫ ﲤﺤﻴﺲ‬tamḥīṣ pl. -āt clarification; testing, thorough examination
‫ ﳏـﺾ‬maḥaḍa a (maḥḍ) to he sincere (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬toward s.o. in), show or
manifest sincerely (‫ ﻫـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.; e.g., love, affection); -- maḥuḍa u (‫ﳏﻮﺿﺔ‬
muḥūḍa) to be of pure descent; to be pure, genuine, unmixed, unadulterated
IV to be sincere (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬toward s.o. in) V to devote o.s. exclusively (‫ ل‬to s.th.),
he solely dedicated (‫ ل‬to s.th.)
‫ ﳏـﺾ‬maḥḍ of pure descent, pureblood; pure, unmixed, unadulterated;
genuine; sheer, downright, outright (e.g., lie, nonsense, etc.); ‫ ﳏﻀـﺎ‬maḥḍan
only, merely, exclusively, solely | ‫ ﲟﺤـﺾ اﺧﺘﻴـﺎرﻩ‬bi-maḥḍi kt. entirely of his
own accord; ‫ ﶈـﺾ ﺻـﺎﳊﻬﺎ‬li-maḥḍi ṣāliḥihā solely in her own interest, only
for her own good
‫ اﳏﻮﺿﺔ‬umḥūḍa sincere advice
‫ ﳏـﻖ‬maḥaqa a (maḥq) to efface, blot out, strike out, erase (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
eradicate, exterminate, annihilate, destroy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to wane, become
1452
invisible (moon); to perish V, VII (‫ اﳕﺤـﻖ‬or ‫ اﳏـﻖ‬immaḥaqa) and VIII to be

or become effaced; to be annihilated, be destroyed, perish
‫ ﳏـ ــﻖ‬maḥq effacement, obliteration; eradication, extermination,
annihilation, destruction
‫ ﳏﺎق‬maḥāq, muḥāq, miḥāq waning of the moon
‫ ﳏــﻚ‬maḥuka a (maḥk) and maḥika a (maḥak) to be quarrelsome,
contentious, cantankerous, quarrel, wrangle, bicker; to dispute stubbornly III
to pick a quarrel, quarrel, wrangle, have an argument (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV and V
=I
‫ ﳏ ــﻚ‬maḥik quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous, disputatious,
bickering; quarrelsome person, bickerer; wrangler
‫ ﳑﺎﺣﻜـﺔ‬mumaḥaka quarrelsomeness, disputatiousness, petulance; quarrel,
row, wrangle, dispute; (pl. -āt) chicanery; bickering, wrangling
‫ ﻣﺎﺣﻚ‬māḥik and ‫ ﳑﺎﺣﻚ‬mumāḥik quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous,
disputatious; quarrelsome person, bickerer, wrangler
‫ ﳏـﻞ‬maḥala a, maḥila a (maḥl, ‫ ﳏـﻮل‬muḥūl) and maḥula u (‫ ﳏﺎﻟـﺔ‬maḥāla) to
be barren (land, year); -- maḥāla, maḥila a and maḥula u (‫ ﳏﺎل‬miḥāl) to plot,
Confidential
scheme, intrigue (‫ ب‬against s.o.) IV to be barren and arid; to render barren
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬the soil); to be overdue, be withheld, fail to set in (rains) V to seek to
attain by cunning or through intrigues (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), strive cunningly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to

seek a pretext; to propagandize or advertise (‫ ل‬s.th.) artfully or with unfair
means) | ‫اﻟﻌﺬر‬ ‫‘( ﲤﺤﻞ‬udr) to use a pretext, make an excuse
‫ ﳏـﻞ‬maḥl barrenness, aridity, drought; dearth, famine; cunning, craft,
deceit; (see also under ‫ ﺣﻞ‬ḥalla)
‫ ﳏﺎﻟﺔ‬maḥāla pl. ‫ ﳏﺎل‬maḥāl pulley, block and tackle; (see also ‫)ﺣﻮل‬
‫ ﳏﺎل‬muḥāl slyness, cunning, craft, insidiousness
‫ ﻣﺎﺣﻞ‬māḥil barren, sterile; bare, bleak
‫ ﳑﺤﻞ‬mumḥil barren, sterile
‫ ﳏـﻦ‬maḥana a (maḥn) and VIII to try, try out, test, put to the test, subject
to a test (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th.); to afflict, subject to a trial or trials (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
examine (‫ ه‬s.o.)
1453
‫ ﳏﻨــﺔ‬miḥna pl. ‫ ﳏــﻦ‬miḥan severe trial, ordeal, tribulation; affliction;

hardship, distress, suffering, misfortune
‫ اﻣﺘﺤــﺎن‬imtiḥān pl. -āt test, experiment; examination | ‫اﻣﺘﺤــﺎن اﻟــﺪﺧﻮل‬
entrance examination; ‫ﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫( اﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬nihā’ī) final examination
‫ ﳑﺘﺤﻦ‬mumtaḥin tester; examiner
‫ ﳑﺘﺤﻦ‬mumtaḥan examined; tried, tested; examinee, candidate
‫ )ﳏﺎ )ﳏـﻮ‬maḥā u (maḥw) to wipe off, rub out, scratch out, erase, strike out
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to efface, obliterate, blot out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wipe out, eradicate,
exterminate, extinguish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to eliminate, abolish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ ﻻ ﳝﺤـﻰ‬lā
yumḥā ineffaceable, indelible II to wipe out, extinguish, exterminate,
extirpate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V, VII (‫ اﳕﺤـﻰ‬and ‫ اﳏـﻰ‬immaḥā) and VIII to be effa‫ؤ‬ed,
obliterated, extinguished, wiped out, exterminated; to disappear, vanish
‫ ﳏــﻮ‬maḥw effacement, obliteration, blotting out; erasure, deletion;
elimination; abolition, abolishment, annulment
O ‫ ﳑﺤﺎة‬mimḥāh and ‫ ﳏﺎﻳﺔ‬maḥḥāya eraser
Confidential
‫ اﳏﺎء‬immiḥā’ extinction, extermination, extirpation
‫ ﻣﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬māḥiya eraser
‫ ﻣـﺦ‬mukk pl. ‫ ﳐـﺎخ‬mikāk, ‫ ﳐﺎﺧـﺔ‬mikāka brain; marrow, medulla; core,
essence; purest and choicest part
‫ ﳐﻲ‬mukkī brain- (in compounds), cerebral
‫ اﳌﺨﺎ‬al-mukā Mocha (seaport in SW Yemen)
1‫ ﳐـﺮ‬makara a (makr, ‫ ﳐـﻮر‬mukūr) to plow; to move, out, shear, cleave (‫ﻫ ـ‬
through s.th.); (of a ship) to plow, traverse (‫ ﻫـ‬the sea)
‫ ﻣﺎﺧﺮ‬mākir plowing the sea (ship)
‫ ﻣﺎﺧﺮة‬mākira pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺧﺮ‬mawākr2 ship
2‫ ﻣﺎﺧﻮر‬mākūr pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺧﲑ‬mawākīr brothel
‫ ﳐﻖ‬makraqa to brag, tell fibs; to swindle, cheat

‫ ﳐﺾ‬makaḍa a u i (makḍ) to chum (‫ ﻫـ‬milk); to shake violently (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); --
makiḍa a (‫ ﳐﺎض‬makāḍ, mikāḍ) to be parturient, be in labor V = I makiḍa; to
bear, produce, bring forth, effect, bring about (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to be churned
(milk)
1454
‫ ﳐﺎض‬makāḍ labor pains

‫ ﳐﻴﺾ‬makīḍ buttermilk
‫ ﳐﺎﺿﺔ‬makkāḍa and ‫ ﳑﺨﻀﺔ‬mimkaḍa pl. ‫ ﳑﺎﺧﺾ‬mamākiḍ churn
‫ ﳐﻂ‬makaṭa a u (makṭ, ‫ ﳐﻮط‬mukūṭ) and V to blow one’s nose
‫ ﳐﺎط‬mukāṭ nasal mucus, snot | ‫ ﳐﺎط اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬m. aš-šams and ‫ ﳐﺎط اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن‬m.
aš-šaiṭā gossamer
‫ ﳐﺎﻃﻲ‬mukāṭī snotty; mucous; slimy, ropy
‫ ﳐﻴﻂ‬mukaiṭ (eg.) sebésten (Cordia myxa L.; bot.)
‫ ﳐﻄﺮ‬II tamakṭara to walk with a graceful, swinging gait
1‫ ﳐﻞ‬mukl pl. ‫ اﳐﺎل‬amkāl, ‫ ﳐﻮل‬mukūl lever, pinch bar, crowbar
2 ‫ ﳐﻠﺔ‬mikla (= ‫ )ﳐﻼة‬pl. ‫ ﳐﻞ‬mikal, ‫ ﳐﺎﱄ‬makālī nosebag

‫ ﳐﻤﺾ‬makmaḍa to rinse the mouth
‫ ﻣـﺪ‬madda u (madd) to extend, distend, expand, dilate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stretch,
stretch out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), crane (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the neck); to draw out, protract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
Confidential
spread out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to layout (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), lay (‫ ﻫـ‬tracks, pipeline); to spread (‫ ﻫـ‬a
net); to lengthen, elongate, prolong (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to grant a respite or delay; to
rise (flood, river); to help, aid, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.), support (‫ه‬
supply, provide (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬
‫ ب‬s.o. by or with),
s.o. with); to reinforce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an army); to fertilize,
manure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the soil) | ‫‘( ﻣـﺪ ﻋﻤـﺮﻩ‬umrahū) to prolong s.o.’s life (of God); ‫ﻣـﺪ‬
‫( اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ اﱃ‬baṣara) to turn one’s eyes, direct one’s glance to; ‫ﻣـﺪ ﺟـﺬرا ﰲ اﻷرض‬
(jidran, arḍ) to strike roots (tree); ‫ ﻣـﺪ اﳊﺒﺎﻟـﺔ ﻟـﻪ‬to lay a snare for s.o.; ‫ﻣـﺪ رﺟﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻘـﺪر ﻛﺴـﺎﺋﻪ‬ (rijlahū bi-qadri kisā’ihī) to cut one’s coat according to one’s
cloth, make the beet of it, adjust o.s. to the circumstances; ‫ﳊﺎﻓـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ رﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﺪر‬
(rijlaihi bi-gadri likāfihī) do.; ‫( ﻣـﺪ ﲰﻌـﻪ‬sam‘ahū) to prick up one’s ears; ‫ﻣـﺪ‬
‫ اﳌﺎﺋـﺪة‬to set the table; ‫( ﻣـﺪ ﰲ اﳌﺸـﻲ‬mašy) to take long strides; ‫ ﻣـﺪ اﳌﻮاﺳـﲑ‬to lay
pipe; ‫( ﻣـﺪ اﻟﻴـﻪ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬yadahū) to extend one’s hand to s.o. II to extend, distend,
expand, dilate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to stretch out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to spread, spread out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);
to lengthen, elongate, protract, prolong (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to discharge pus, suppurate,
fester III to delay, defer, procrastinate; to put off from day to day (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV
1455
to help, aid, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.), support (‫ه‬‫ ب‬s.o. with), provide, supply, furnish
(‫ ه‬,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. with); to lend, impart (‫ ب ه‬to s.th. s.th.); to reinforce (.
an army); to postpone, delay, grant a respite; to suppurate, fester | ‫اﻣـﺪ ﺟﻠـﻪ‬
(bi-ajalihī) to grant s.o. another respite in this life (of God) V to be spread,
spread out, extended, stretched out; to extend, stretch, spread; to lengthen,
expend, distend, dilate; to stretch o.s., stretch out, sprawl (on a bed, end the
like) VIII to be extended, distended, stretched; to be laid (wires, pipeline); to
extend or reach (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.), stretch, spread (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th., over a distance); to
lengthen, become drawn out, become protracted or prolonged; to be long; to
develop, grow (‫ اﱃ‬into) X to take, get, draw, derive, borrow (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.th.
from), provide o.s. with (‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to ask for help (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣــﺪ‬madd pl. ‫ ﻣــﺪود‬mudūd extension; distension, dilation, expansion;
stretching; spreading; lengthening, elongation, prolongation, protraction;
drawing out of the voice over long vowels (in Koran recitation); rising, rise
(of water, of the flood); supply (‫ ب‬with) | ‫ﻣـﺪ اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬ m. al-baṣar range of
vision; madda l-b. as far as the eye can see; ‫ ﻣــﺪ اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ‬m. an-naẓar
Confidential
farsightedness, foresight; ‫ ﺣﺮوف اﳌﺪ‬the “literae productionis” ‫( ا و ي‬gram.)
‫ ﻣﺪة‬madda sign over alif (‫ )آ‬denoting initial long a (’ā)

‫ ﻣـﺪ‬mudd pl. ‫ اﻣـﺪاد‬amdād, ‫ ﻣـﺪاد‬midād mudd, a dry measure (Pal. = 18 l,
Tangier = 46.6 l)
‫ ﻣﺪة‬midda pus, purulent matter
‫ ﻣـﺪة‬mudda pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪد‬mudad period (of time), space of time, interval; while;
duration; limited or appointed time, term; ‫ ﻣـﺪة‬muddata within, in the course
of, during | ‫ ﰲ ﻣـﺪة‬... within, in the course of, during; ‫( ﻣـﺪة ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺰﻣـﺎن‬zaman)
period (of time), space of time, interval, while; muddatan min az-z. for a
while, for some time
‫ ﻣــﺪد‬madad pl. ‫ اﻣــﺪاد‬amdād help, aid, assistance, support, backing,
reinforcement; pl. resources; auxiliaries
‫ ﻣـﺪاد‬midād ink; lamp oil; fertilizer, manure, dung; pattern, style | ‫ﺳـﺠﻠﻪ‬
‫ ﲟﺪاد اﻟﻔﺨﺮ‬sajjalahū bi-m. il-fakr to inscribe s.th. with golden letters; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪاد‬
‫ واﺣﺪ‬after the same pattern
1456
‫ ﻣﺪﻳـﺪ‬madīd pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪد‬mudud extended, outstretched, stretched, elongated;

long, prolonged, protracted; tall, big; slender, high, towering; ‫ اﳌﺪﻳـﺪ‬name of
a poetical meter | ‫ﻣﺪﻳـﺪ‬ ‫( زﻣـﺎن‬zamān) or ‫( ﻣـﺪة ﻣﺪﻳـﺪة‬muda) long time; ‫ﻋﻤـﺮ ﻣﺪﻳـﺪ‬
(‘umr) greet age; ‫اﻟﺒﺼﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺪ‬m. al-baṣar farsighted, farseeing
‫ ﻣﺪاد‬maddād a creeping plant
‫ اﻣﺪة‬amidda warp of a fabric
‫ ﲤﺪﻳﺪ‬tamdīd pl. -āt lengthening, elongation, prolongation, extension
‫ اﻣـﺪاد‬imdād help, aid, assistance, support, sustentation, maintenance,
provisioning; supply (mil.); pl. -āt auxiliaries, reinforcements, supplies
‫ ﲤـﺪد‬tamaddud extension, spreading, expansion; stretching, distention,
dilation, dilatation, widening
‫ اﻣﺘــﺪاد‬imtidād stretching, stretch, extension, extensity; extensibility,
dispensability; expansibility; widening, distention, dilation, dilatation,
lengthening, elongation, prolongation; expanse; length; size, extent, spread,
compass, range, scope | ‫اﻣﺘﺪاد‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬along, alongside of
‫ اﺳـﺘﻤﺪاد‬istimdād procurement of support, bringing up of reinforcements;
Confidential
supply (mil.)
‫ ﻣـﺎد‬mādd stretching, expanding, extending, spreading; trailing, creeping
(plant)
‫ ﻣﺎدة‬mādda pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاد‬mawādd2 stuff, matter; material possession; substance;
material; component, constituent, ingredient; fundamental constituent,
radical, chemical element, base; subject, theme, topic; school subject, field
of study; discipline, subject matter, curricular subject; article, paragraph
(e.g., of a law, treaty or contract); stipulation, contractual term j pl. material,
materials; agents, elements | ‫ﻣـﺎدة اﺻـﻠﻴﺔ‬ (aṣlīya) root of a word; ‫ﻣـﻮاد اوﻟﻴـﺔ‬
(awwalīya) primary elements; raw materials; ‫( ﻣـﻮاد ﲡﺎرﻳـﺔ‬tijārīya) articles of
commerce, commodities; ‫ ﻣ ـﻮاد اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴــﻞ‬cosmetics; ‫( ﻣ ـﻮاد ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴــﺔ‬jinā’īya)
criminal cases (jur.); ‫ﺣﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻮاد‬ḥarbīya) war material; ‫ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎم‬raw materials;
‫ ﻣـﻮاد اﻟﺼـﺒﺎﻏﺔ‬dyestuffs, dyes; ‫( ﻣـﻮاد ﺻـﻠﺒﺔ‬ṣulba) solid constituents, solids (e.g.,
of milk); O ‫ ﻣـﻮاد ﻣﺼـﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬manufactured goods, ready-made goods; O ‫ﻣـﻮاد‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻄﻴـﺐ‬medicaments, drugs; ‫ ﻣـﻮاد اﻹﻋﺎﺷـﺔ‬m. al-i‘āša, ‫ ﻣـﻮاد اﳌﻌـﻴﺶ‬m. al-ma‘īš

food-stuffs, food; ‫( ﻣـﻮاد ﻏﺬاﺋﻴـﺔ‬gidā’īya) foodstuffs, victuals, food, nutritive
substances; fodder; ‫ ﻣـﻮاد اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ‬m. al-luga vocabulary of a language; O ‫ﻣـﻮاد‬
1457
‫ﻣﻀـﺎدة ﻟﻠﺤﻴـﻮ ت‬ (muḍādda li-l-ḥayawīyāt antibiotics;‫( ﻣـﻮاد ﻣﻠﺘﻬﺒـﺔ‬multahiba)

combustible materials, inflammable matter; fuel; ‫( ﻣـﻮاد ﻣﺪﻧﻴـﺔ‬madanīya) civil
cases (jur.); ‫ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‬textiles
‫ ﻣــﺎدي‬māddī material; corporeal, physical; materialistic; (pl. -ūn)
materialist; objective (as opposed to ‫)ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﺎدﻳـﺔ‬māddīya materialism | ‫( اﳌـﺎد ت واﳌﻌﻨـﻮ ت‬ma‘nawīyāt) material and
ideal things
‫ ﳑـﺪود‬mamdūd extended; outstretched; elongated; prolonged, protracted,
drawn out; extensive, great, large; provided with madda (gram.)
‫ ﳑـﺪد‬mumaddad spread, outspread, outstretched; stretched out, sprawling,
lying; extended, elongated, long
‫ ﳑﺘــﺪ‬mumtadd extended, outstretched; spread, outspread, laid out;
extending, stretching, spreading; extensive, wide, large, comprehensive
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺪ‬mustamadd taken, derived (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ ﻣﺪاﻟﻴﻪ‬madāliya pl. ‫ ﻣﺪاﻟﻴﺎت‬madāliyāt medal
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺪاﻟﻴﻮن‬madaliyōn medallion, locket, pendant
‫ ﻣـﺪح‬madaḥa a (madḥ, ‫ ﻣﺪﺣـﺔ‬midḥa) to praise, commend, laud, extol (‫ه‬
s.o.); to eulogize, celebrate in poems (‫ ﻫـﻪ‬s.o.) II do. V to be commended, be
praised, be lauded; to boast (‫ ب‬of s.th.), glory (‫ ب‬in), pride o.s. (‫ ب‬on), be
proud (‫ ب‬of) VIII = I

‫ ﻣــﺪح‬madḥ commendation, laudation, praise; extolment, glorification;
panegyrical litsrature; acclaim | ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ اﳌﺪح ﰲ‬the glorification of God
‫ ﻣــﺪﻳﺢ‬madīḥ pl. ‫ ﻣــﺪاﺋﺢ‬madā’iḥ2 praise, laudation, commendation;
panegyrical poem, panegyric; eulogy, encomium, tribute
‫ اﻣﺪوﺣــﺔ‬umdūḥa pl. ‫ اﻣــﺎدﻳﺢ‬amādīḥ2 praise, laudation, commendation;
panegyrical poem; eulogy, encomium, tribute
‫ ﲤﺪح‬tamadduḥ extolment, glorification; self-praise, vainglory, ostentation,
swaggering
‫ ﻣﺎدح‬mādiḥ and ‫ ﻣﺪاح‬maddāḥ panegyrist, encomiast, eulogist
1‫ ﻣـﺪر‬madar (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬clods of earth or mud, loam, clay | ‫اﻫـﻞ اﻟـﻮﺑﺮ‬
‫واﳌــﺪر‬ ahl al-wabar wa-l-m. the tent-dwellers and the city-dwellers, the
nomads and the sedentary population
1458
‫ ﻣﺪن‬madara clod of earth or mud; small hump of the ground

2‫ ﻣﺪراء‬mudarā’2 pl. of ‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬mudir, see ‫دور‬
‫ ﻣﺪراس‬madrās2 Madras (state and city in S India)

‫ ﻣﺪرﻳﺪ‬madrīd2 Madrid
‫( ﻣﺪﻟﻦ‬Engl.) midlin middling, of medium quality (com.)
‫ ﻣـﺪن‬II to found or build cities; to civilize, urbanize, humanize, refine V
‫ﲤﺪن‬ tamaddana to be or become civilized; ‫ ﲤﺪﻳﻦ‬tamadyana do.; to enjoy the
comforts; of civilization, the amenities of life
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬madīna pl. ‫ ﻣـﺪن‬mudun, ‫ ﻣـﺪاﺋﻦ‬madā’in2 town, city | ‫ ﻣﺪﻳﻨـﺔ اﻟﻨـﱯ‬or ‫اﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬
(usually followed by the epithet ‫اﳌﻨـﻮرة‬ al-munawwara) Medina (city in W
Saudi Arabia); ‫ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺴﻼم‬m. as-salām Baghdad (capital of Iraq); ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﺎب‬
Cape Town; ‫اﻟﻜﱪى‬ ‫( اﳌﺪن‬kubrā) the big cities
‫ ﻣـﺪﱐ‬madanī urban, urbanized, city-dwelling, town-dwelling; civilized,
refined, polished; civilian (as opposed to military), civil, civic; secular; town
dweller, townsman, city dweller, urbanite, citizen, civilian; of Medina,
Confidential
Medinan (adj. and n.) |
proceeding (jur.); ‫اﳌﺪﱐ‬

‫دﻋـﻮى ﻣﺪﻧﻴـﺔ‬ (da‘wā) civil action, civil suit, civil
‫( اﻟﻄﲑان‬ṭayarān) civil aeronautics; ‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺪﱐ‬civil law

‫ ﻣﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬madanīya civilization
‫ ﲤــﺪﻳﻦ‬tamdīn civilizing, civilization, advancement in social culture,
humanization, refining, raising of moral standards
‫ ﲤﺪﻳﲏ‬tamdīnī civilizing, civilizatory, civilizational
‫ ﲤــﺪن‬tamaddun and ‫ ﲤــﺪﻳﻦ‬tamadyun civilization; refinement of social
culture
‫ ﲤﺪﱐ‬tamaddunī civilized
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﺪن‬mutamaddin civilized; sophisticated, refined, educated
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﺪﻳﻦ‬mutamadyin civilized, provided with the comforts of civilization
‫ ﻣـﺪى‬III to grant a respite or delay (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV do. VI to persist,
persevere (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in), keep, stick, adhere (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to
continue (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), keep or go on (‫ ﰲ‬doing s.th.); to go far, go to extremes (‫ﰲ‬
in); to continue, last, draw out
‫ ﻣـﺪى‬madan extension, expanse, stretch, spread, compass, range, scope,
space, latitude, reach; distance, interval, interspace; extent, degree, measure,
1459
scale, proportion; utmost point, extreme, limit; space of time, duration,

period; (prep.) ‫ ﻣـﺪى‬mad4 for the duration of, during, in a (given) period of,
in the course of | ‫اﻟﺒﺼـﺮ‬
‫ ﻣـﺪى‬m. l-baṣar range or field of vision, visual range;
‫ ﻣﺪى اﳊﻴﺎة‬m. l-ḥayāh lifetime; for life; ‫( اﳌﺪى اﳊﻴﻮي‬ḥayawī) lebensraum; ‫ﻣﺪى‬
‫ اﻟـﺪوران‬m. d-dawarān continually, constantly, perpetually; ‫ ﻣـﺪى اﻟﺼـﻮت‬m. ṣ-
ṣaut roach of the voice, calling distance; ‫ ﻣـﺪى اﻟﻌﻤـﺮ‬m. l-‘umr lifetime; ‫ﻣـﺪى‬
m. l-ayyām throughout the days, continually; ‫ اﱃ ﻣﺪى ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬at a great distance;
‫‘( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺪى ﻋﺸـﺮ اﻣﺘـﺎر‬ašri amtār) at a distance of 10 meters; ‫ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اﳌـﺪى‬far-
reaching, ‫ﻣـﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اﳌـﺪى‬ (midfa‘) long-range gun; ‫ﰲ اﳌـﺪى اﻷﺧـﲑ‬ after all,
when all’s said and done, in the last analysis
‫ ﻣﺪﻳــﺔ‬madya, mudya, midya pl. ‫ ﻣــﺪى‬mudan, midan, ‫ ﻣــﺪ ت‬mudyāt,
mudayāt butcher’s knife; knife
‫ ﻣﺪوي‬madawī, mudawī, midawī cutler
‫ ﲤﺎد‬tamādin: ‫ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺘﻤﺎدي‬,‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻤﺎدي‬in the long run
‫( ﻣﺪﻳﻞ‬Fr. modèle) modēl pl. -āt model
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺪﻳﻦ‬II tamadyana see ‫ﻣﺪن‬
‫ ﻣﺬ‬mud since (= ‫ ﻣﻨﺬ‬mundu)
‫ ﻣـﺬر‬madira a (madar) to be addle (egg), become rotten II to scatter,
disperse, spread or sprinkle about (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V = I
‫ ﺷﺬر ﻣﺬر‬šadara madara scattered here and there
‫ ﻣﺬر‬madir spoiled, rotten, putrid
‫ ﻣﺬق‬madaqa u (madq) to mix with water, dilute
‫ ﻣﺬق‬madq watered wine
‫ ﻣﺬﻳﻖ‬madīq diluted, mixed with water, watered, watery
‫ ﻣﺬاق‬madāq and ‫ ﳑﺎذق‬mumādaq insincere, hypocritical
‫ ﻣﺬل‬madila a (madl, ‫ ﻣﺬال‬madāl) to reveal, disclooe (‫ ب‬s.th. secret)
‫ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ‬II tamadhaba see ‫ذﻫﺐ‬
1‫ ﻣـﺮ‬marra u (marr, ‫ ﻣـﺮور‬murūr, ‫ ﳑـﺮ‬mamarr) to pass (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., s.th. or
by s.o., by s.th.), go, walk, saunter, or stroll by or past (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ,‫ ;)ب‬to march
past s.o. (‫)اﻣـﺎم‬, pass in review (‫ اﻣـﺎم‬before s.o.; mil.); to pass, elapse, go by,
1460
run out (time); to come, go, walk, or pass along s.th. (‫ ب‬or ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, skirt (‫ ب‬or
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to pass, go, walk, move, march, travel (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬through),
cross, traverse (‫ ﻣﻦ‬a place, a country, a room); to flow through, run through;
to fly through; to lead, run, out (‫ ﰲ‬through an area; border), pass (‫ ﰲ‬over),
cross (‫ ﰲ‬an area); to go or pass (‫ ب‬through a stage or phase), undergo (‫ ب‬a
state or phase); to cross (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a border, s. line, mountains, etc.); to fly (‫ﻓـﻮق‬
over an area; airplane); to depart, go away, leave; to continue (‫ ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ‬to do
s.th.), keep, or go on, doing s.th. | ‫ذﻛـﺮﻩ‬ ‫( ﻣـﺮ‬dikruhū) it has been discussed, it
has been mentioned above; ‫ﺑﻨـﺎ‬‫ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻣـﺮ‬as it has passed before us, as we have
already mentioned; ‫ ﻣـﺮ ﻻﻣﺘﺤـﺎن‬to pass the examination; ‫( ﻣـﺮ ﺑﺴـﻼم‬bi-salām)
to turn out well, go off without mishap; ‫( ﻣـﺮ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺑﺒﺼـﺮﻩ‬bi-baṣarihī) to scan
s.th., peruse s.th. hastily; ‫اﻟﱪق‬ ‫( ﻣﺮ ﻣﺮ‬marra l-barq) to pass swiftly, flash past,
flit past; ‫( ﻣـﺮ ﻣـﺮ اﻟﻜـﺮام‬marra l-k.) to pass as if nothing had happened, brush
Confidential
past; ‫ ﻣـﺮ ﺑـﻪ )ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ( ﻣـﺮ اﻟﻜـﺮام‬to overlook s.th. generously, pass over s.th. with
dignity, treat s.th. with disdain II to let pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to convey, carry or
take through (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the ball, in soccer) |
‫ﻣـﺮر ﺳـﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻘﻨـﺎة‬
(qanāh) to pass or take a ship through the canal IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) go by or
past s.o. or s.th. (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ;)ب‬to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) pass (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to make ( ,‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.) go through s.th. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫)ب‬, lead, take or send (‫ ه‬s.o.) through
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫)ب‬, pass,stick (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. through); to insert (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
in) | ‫( اﻣـﺮ ﻧﻈـﺮﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬naẓarahū) to pass one’s glance over, let one’s eyes wander
over X to last, endure, continue, go on; to remain, stay; to continue (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or

‫ ﰲ‬s.th., ‫ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‬to do s.th.), persist, persevere (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.), keep (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ﰲ‬
to s.th., ‫ ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ‬doing s.th.), go on (‫ ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ‬doing s.th.), stick, adhere (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬to
s.th.)
‫ ﻣــﺮ‬marr passing, going by; passage, transit; transition; crossing;
progression, process, lapse, course (of time); iron shovel, spade; rope | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( ﻣﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬m. iz-zamān) in the course of time
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‫ ﻣـﺮة‬marra pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣـﺮار‬mirār time, turn; ‫ ﻣـﺮة‬marratan once; ‫ ﻣـﺮﺗﲔ‬marrataini

twice; ‫ﻣﺎﺗـﺔ‬ marrātin repeatedly; several times, quite often; ‫ﻣـﺮارا‬ mirāran
several times, more than once, quite often; at times, now and then,
occasionally, sometimes | ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ ﻣـﺮة‬marratan mā or ‫ ذات ﻣـﺮة‬dāta marratin once,
one time, one day; ‫ ﻣـﺮة اﺧـﺮى‬marratan ukrā or ‫( ﻣـﺮة ﺟﺪﻳـﺪة‬jadīdatan) once
again, once more, anew, ‫ ﻣـﺮة ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻣـﺮة‬or ‫ ﻣـﺮة ﻋـﻦ ﻣـﺮة‬time and again, again and
again; ‫( اﳌــﺮة ﺗﻠــﻮ اﳌــﺮة‬tilwa) time after time, time and again; ‫ﻣــﺮة واﺣــﺪة‬
(wāḥidatan) at once, at one time; eventually, finally, at last; ‫اﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﺮة‬
(aktara) more than once, several times; ‫ ﳌـﺮة‬at all, absolutely, entirely; (with
neg.) not at all, never, by no means; ‫ ﻏـﲑ ﻣـﺮة‬gaira marratin or ‫ﻏـﲑ ﻣـﺎ ﻣـﺮة‬
repeatedly, several times, more than once; ‫ ﻛـﻢ ﻣـﺮة‬kam marratan how often?
how many times? ‫ ﻟﻠﻤـﺮة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳـﺔ‬for the sixth times; ‫ ﻵﺧـﺮ ﻣـﺮة‬li-ākiri marratin
or ‫ ﻟﻠﻤـﺮة اﻷﺧـﲑة‬for the time; ‫ ﻷول ﻣـﺮة‬li-awali marratin for the first time; ‫ﻣـﺮارا‬
‫‘( ﻋﺪﻳـﺪة‬adīdatan) frequently, often; ‫( ﻣـﺮارا وﺗﻜـﺮارا‬wa-takrāan) time and again,
Confidential
again and again
‫ ﻣـﺮور‬murūr passing; parade, march past (‫ ;)اﻣـﺎم‬passage, march, journey, or
trip through (‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ ,‫ ﻣــﻦ‬,‫)ب‬, transit; flowing through, flow; crossing,
traversal; flying over (‫ ;)ﻓـﻮق‬uninterrupted sequence; traffic (street, tourist,
shipping); progression, process, course, lapse (of time); (eg.) inspection |
‫ ﻣـﺮور اﻟﺰﻣـﺎن‬m. az-zamān expiration of the deadline; ‫ ﺗـﺬﻛﺮة اﳌـﺮور‬tadkirat al-m.
permit, pass, laissez-passer; passport; ‫ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﳌﺮور‬ḥarakat al-m. through traffic;
‫ﺷــﺮﻃﺔ اﳌــﺮور‬ šurṭat al-m traffic police, highway patrol; ‫ﻧﻈــﺎم اﳌــﺮور‬ traffic
regulations
‫ ﳑــﺮ‬mamarr passing, going by; elapsing; lapse, expiration (of time);
transition; crossing; access, approach; (pl. -āt) aisle, passage, passageway,
corridor; ford; (mountain) pass | ‫ﺳـﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫( ﳑـﺮ‬suflī) underpass; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﳑـﺮ اﻟﻌﺼـﻮر‬in
the course of centuries
‫ اﻣﺮار‬imrār passing through, insertion
‫ اﺳ ــﺘﻤﺮار‬istimrār duration, permanence, continuity, continuance,
continuation, continued existence, survival; persistence | ‫ ﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬continually,
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constantly; ‫( دواﻣـﺎ واﺳـﺘﻤﺮارا‬dawāman) constantly, continuously, incessantly,

without interruption; ‫ ﻗﻮة اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮار‬qūwat al-ist. inertia, vis inertiae
‫ ﻣـﺎر‬mārr passing; going, walking, riding, etc., past or by; (pl. -ūn, ‫ﻣـﺎرة‬
mārra) passer-by, pedestrian, walker, stroller | ‫ذﻛـﺮﻩ‬ ‫( اﳌـﺎر‬dikruhū) the above-
mentioned, what has already been discussed
‫ ﻣﺴــﺘﻤﺮ‬mustamirr lasting, permanent, enduring, constant, continual,
uninterrupted, unceasing, incessant; continuous, unbroken | ‫ﺗﻴــﺎر ﻣﺴــﺘﻤﺮ‬
(tayyār) direct current (el.); ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬ ‫( ﻣﻮﺟﺎت‬maujāt) continuous waves (phys.)
2‫ ﻣـﺮ‬marra u a (‫ ﻣـﺮارة‬marāra) to be or become bitter II to make bitter,
embitter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to be or become bitter; to make bitter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to

fight, contend, dispute (with each other) X to think bitter, find bitter (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺮ‬murr pl. ‫ اﻣـﺮار‬amrār bitter; severe; sharp; painful; bitterness; myrrh | ‫ﻣـﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري‬m. aṣ-ṣaḥārī colocynth (bot.)
‫ ﻣﺮة‬mirra pl. ‫ ﻣﺮر‬mirar gall. bile; (pl. ‫ اﻣﺮار‬amrār) strength, power
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﺮارة‬marāra pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺋـﺮ‬marā’ir2 bitterness; gall, gall bladder; innermost,
heart | ‫ﻏﻴﻈﺎ‬ ‫( اﻧﺸﻘﺖ ﻣﺮارﺗﻪ‬inšaqqat, gaiẓan) he burst with anger
‫ ﻣﺮﻳـﺮ‬marīr pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺋـﺮ‬marā’ir2 strong, firm, stubborn, tenacious, dogged,
persistent, deep-seated, deep, profound (esp., of feelings)
‫ ﻣﺮﻳـﺮة‬marīra pl. ‫ ﻣﺮاﺋـﺮ‬marā’ir2 firmness; detention, resoluteness; vigor,
energy, tenacity, doggedness; steadiness, constancy
‫ اﻣـﺮ‬amarr2 firmer, stronger; bitterer | ‫ اﻷﻣـﺮان‬the two bitter things (i.e.,
poverty and old age); ‫ ﻗﺎﺳـﻰ اﻷﻣـﺮﻳﻦ‬qāsā l-amarrain to go through the worst,
be exposed to greatest hardships
‫ ﳑﺮور‬mamrūr bilious; foolish, crazy; fool
‫ ﻣﺮأ‬mara’a, ‫ ﻣـﺮئ‬mari’a a and ‫ ﻣـﺮؤ‬maru’a u (‫ ﻣـﺮاءة‬marā’a) to be wholesome,
healthful, palatable (food); -- ‫ ﻣـﺮؤ‬maru’a u (‫ ﻣـﺮوءة‬murū’a) to be manly; -- ‫ﻣـﺮؤ‬
maru’a u (‫ ﻣـﺮاءة‬marā’a) to be healthy and salubrious (climate) X to find
wholesome and tasty (‫ ﻫ ـ‬food); to enjoy, savor, relish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be able to
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digest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; also fig.); to take to s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, take a liking (‫ ب‬to), derive
pleasure (‫ ﻫـ‬from)
‫ اﻣـﺮأ‬,‫ اﻣـﺮء‬imra’ and ‫اﻣـﺮؤ‬ imru’ (with definite article ‫اﳌـﺮء‬ al-mar’) a man;
person, human being; ‫ اﳌـﺮء‬frequently for Engl. “one”, as ‫( ﻳﻈـﻦ اﳌـﺮء‬yaẓunnu)
one would think
‫ اﻣﺮأة‬imra’a (with def. article ‫ اﳌﺮأة‬al-mar’a) pl. see ‫ﻧﺴﻮ‬, woman, wife | ‫اﳌﺮأة‬
‫( اﳌﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬musalsala) Andromeda (astron.)
‫ ﻣـﺮوءة‬murū’a and ‫ ﻣـﺮوة‬murūwa the ideal of manhood, comprising all
knightly virtues, esp., manliness, valor, chivalry, generosity, sense of honor
‫ ﻣـﺮيء‬marī’ manly, virile; healthful, salubrious, healthy, wholesome | ‫ﻫﻨﻴﺌـﺎ‬
‫( ﻣﺮﻳﺌـﺎ‬hanī’an) approx.: may it do you much good! I hope you will enjoy it
(i.e, food)!
‫ ﻣﺮيء‬marī’ pl. ‫ اﻣﺮﺋﺔ‬amri’a, ‫ ﻣﺮوء‬murū’ esophagus, gullet
‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﺶ‬marrākuš2, marrākiš2 Marrakech (city in W Morocco); Morocco
‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﺸﻲ‬marrākušī, marrākišī Moroccan (adj. and n.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﺮث‬marata u (mart) to suck, bite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s fingers); to soften, crush,
squash, mash (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to macerate, soak (in water; ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1‫ ﻣﺮج‬marj pl. ‫ ﻣﺮوج‬murūj grass-covered steppe; pasture land; meadow
‫ ﻫﺮج وﻣﺮوج‬harj wa-marj confusion, jumble, tumult, hubbub

‫ ﻣﺮج‬maraj disorder, confusion, jumble
2‫ ﻣﺮﺟﺎن‬marjān, murjān (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬small pearls; corals | ‫ﻣﺮج‬ ‫ ﲰﻚ‬samak
m. goldfish
‫ ﻣﺮﺟـﺎﱐ‬marjānī coralline, coral, coralli- (in compounds), corallike, coral-
red | ‫ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺟﺰﻳﺮة‬atoll; ‫ ﺷﻌﺎب ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬coral reefs
‫ ﻣـﺮﺟﺢ‬marjaḥa to rock II tamarjaḥa to swing back and forth, pendulate,
dangle; to be in suspense, be pending, be in abeyance
‫ ﻣﺮح‬mariḥa a (maraḥ) to be gay, merry, cheerful, in high spirits, hilarious,
exuberant, lively; to be glad, happy, delighted; to rejoice, exult | ‫ﺳـﺮح ﻣـﺮح‬
(sariḥa) to do as one likes, proceed arbitrarily
‫ ﻣـﺮح‬maraḥ joy, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, mirth, hilarity, merriment,
liveliness
1464
‫ ﻣـﺮح‬mariḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﺮﺣـﻰ‬marḥā, ‫ ﻣﺮاﺣـﻰ‬marāḥā joyful, gay, happy, merry,

cheerful, lively, romping, hilarious, exuberant
‫ ﻣﺮاح‬mirāḥ jollity, hilarity, exuberance
‫ ﻣـﺮﻳﺢ‬marīḥ joyful, gay, happy, merry, cheerful, lively, romping, hilarious,
exuberant
‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻰ‬marḥā well done! bravo! | ‫ ﻣﺮﺣﻰ ب‬bravo to ...
‫ ﳑـﺮاح‬mimrāḥ of cheerful disposition, gay-tempered, blithe; gay, jovial
person
‫ ﻣﺮﺣﺐ‬marḥaba to welcome (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣـﺮخ‬marak a (mark) to oil, anoint,rub, embrocate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the body) II do. V to
rub one’s skin with a liniment, oil o.s., anoint o.s.
‫ ﻣﺮخ‬marik soft; slack, flabby, flaccid
‫ ﻣﺮوخ‬marūk liniment; salve, unguent, ointment
‫ ﻣﺮﻳﺦ‬mirrīk Mars (astron.)
‫ ﻣـﺮد‬marada u (‫ ﻣـﺮود‬murūd) and maruda (‫ ﻣـﺮادة‬marāda, ‫ ﻣـﺮود‬murūda) to be
refractory, recalcitrant, rebellious; to revolt, rebel (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against) II to strip (‫ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
a branch) of its leaves; to plaster, mortar, face (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a building) V to be
refractory, recalcitrant, to revolt, rebel (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬agaist); to be insolent, arrogant,

overbearing
‫ ﻣﺮدى‬murdī pl. ‫ ﻣﺮادى‬marādīy (punting) pole, boat hook
‫ ﻣﺮاد‬marād, marrād pl. ‫ ﻣﺮارﻳﺪ‬marārīd2 nape, neck
‫ ﻣﺮﻳﺪ‬ma.rid pl. ‫ ﻣﺮداء‬muradā’ refractory, recalcitrant, rebellious
‫ ﲤﺮاد‬timrād pl. ‫ ﲤﺎرﻳﺪ‬tamārīd2 dovecot
‫ اﻣـﺮر‬amrad2, f. ‫ ﻣـﺮداء‬mardā’2, pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮد‬mard beardless; leafless (tree); dry,
withered
‫ ﲤـﺮد‬tamarrud refractoriness, recalcitrance, disobedience, insubordination;
uprising, insurrection, mutiny, revolt, rebellion
‫ ﻣﺎرد‬mārid pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻣﺮدة‬marada, ‫ ﻣﺮاد‬murrād refractory, recalcitrant, defiant;
rebel, insurgent; demon, evil spirit, devil; giant
‫ ﻣﺘﻤــﺮد‬mutamarrid refractory, recalcitrant, disobedient, insubordinate,
mutinous, rebellious
‫ ﻣﺮدﻗﻮش‬mardaqūš marjoram
1465
‫ ﻣـﺮز ن‬marzubān pl. ‫ ﻣﺮازﺑـﺔ‬marāziba vicegerent, provincial governor, satrap

(in ancient Persia)
‫ ﻣﺮزﺟﻮش‬marzajūš, ‫ ﻣﺮزﳒﻮش‬marzanjūš ‫ﻣﺮدﻗﻮش‬
‫ ﻣـﺮس‬marasa u (mars) to soak (in water), macerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to exercise,
pursue, practice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp., a profession); (intr.) to practice, have or
operate a practice; to carry out, execute (‫ ب‬an action); to apply o.s. (0 to
s.th.), go in for (‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to try V to rub o.s. (‫ ب‬with, against); to have trouble, be
at odds (‫ ب‬with); to exercise (‫ ب‬an office), pursue, practice (‫ ب‬a
profession); to work (‫ ب‬with), be in practical contact, have actually to do
(‫ ب‬with s.th.); to have to cope or struggle (‫ ب‬with s.th.) VI to fight,
struggle, contend with each other
‫ ﻣﺮس‬mars game which is won by getting all the tricks
‫ ﻣﺮس‬maris pl. ‫ اﻣﺮاس‬amrās seasoned, practiced, experienced, veteran
‫ ﻣﺮﺳﺔ‬marasa pl. ‫ اﻣﺮاس‬amrās rope, cord, line; cable, hawser
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﺮاس‬mirās and ‫ ﻣﺮاﺳـﺔ‬marāsa strength, power | ‫ ﺳــﻬﻞ اﳌـﺮاس‬sahl al-m.
tractable, manageable, docile, compliant; ‫اﳌـﺮاس‬
m. intractable, unruly, refractory;
refractoriness, recalcitrance
‫ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ‬or ‫( ﺻـﻌﺐ اﳌـﺮاس‬ṣa’b al-
‫ ﺻــﻌﻮﺑﺔ اﳌـﺮاس‬intractability, unruliness,
‫ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺔ‬marīsa a kind of beer

‫ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﻲ‬marīsī hot south wind (eg.)
‫ ﳑﺎرﺳـﺔ‬mumārasa pursuit, exercise, practicing (of a profession); execution,
implementation; practical application; practice; experience, routine;
negotiation
‫ ﲤﺮس‬tamarrus practicing, practice (‫ ب‬of an activity, of a profession)
‫ ﻣﺮﺳﻴﻠﻴﺎ‬marsīliyā Marseille (seaport in SE France)
‫ ﻣﺮﺳﲔ‬marsīn myrtle (myrtus; bot.)
‫ ﻣﺮش‬maraša u (marš) to scratch (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺮﺷﺎل‬maršāl (field) marshal
‫ ﻣﺮص‬murṣ Morse (code)
1466
‫ ﻣـﺮض‬mariḍa a (maraḍ) to be or become lick; to fall ill, be taken ill II to

make ill or sick (‫ ه‬s.o.); to nurse, tend (‫ ه‬a sick person) IV to make ill or
sick (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be infirm, ailing, sickly, weak VI to feign illness, malinger
‫ ﻣـﺮض‬maraḍ pl. ‫ اﻣـﺮاض‬amrāḍ disease, malady, ailment; illness, sickness |
‫ﻣــﺮض اﻟﺒﻴــﺎض اﻟــﺪﻗﻴﻘﻲ‬ m. al-bayāḍī ad-daqīqī mildew; ‫ﻣــﺮض ﻋﺼــﱯ‬ (‘aṣabī)
nervous disease, neuropathy; ‫‘( ﻣـﺮض ﻋﻘﻠـﻲ‬aqlī) mental disease; ‫ﻣـﺮض ﻓﺤﻤـﻲ‬
(faḥmī) blight, blast (of grain); ‫( ﻣــﺮض ﻓﺮﳒــﻲ‬firanjī) syphilis; ‫ﻣــﺮض ﻣﻌــﺪ‬
(mu‘din) contagious disease; ‫( اﻣـﺮاض ﻃﻨﻴـﺔ‬bāṭinīya) internal diseases; ‫اﻣـﺮاض‬
‫ﺳـﺮﻳﺔ‬ (sirrīya) venereal diseases; ‫ﺻـﺪرﻳﺔ‬ ‫( اﻣـﺮاض‬ṣadrīya) diseases of the chest,
pulmonary diseases
‫ ﻣﺮض‬murḍin see ‫رﺿﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﺮﺿــﻰ‬maraḍī relating to disease, morbid, pathological, patho- (in
compounds)
‫ ﻣـﺮﻳﺾ‬marīḍ pl. ‫ ﻣﺮﺿـﻰ‬marḍā, ‫ ﻣﺮاﺿـﻰ‬marāḍā sick, ill, ailing; diseased;
Confidential
unwell, indisposed; sick person, patient | ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‬
‫ ﳑﺮاض‬mimrāḍ sickly, in poor health, ailing
‫ ﲤﺮﻳﺾ‬tamrīḍ sick-nursing
‫( ﻣﺮﻳﺾ‬nafsī) psychopath
‫ ﳑـﺮض‬mumarriḍ (male) sick nurse, hospital attendant; ambulance man,

first-aid man; doctor’s assistant
‫ ﳑﺮﺿﺔ‬mumarriḍa sick nurse, nurse (f.)
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﺮض‬mutamarriḍ sickly, in poor health, ailing
‫ ﻣـﺮط‬marṭa u (marṭ) to tear out, pull out, pluck out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬hair) II do. V to fall
out (hair)
‫ ﻣﺮﻳﻂ‬marīṭ and ‫ اﻣﺮط‬amraṭ, f. ‫ ﻣﺮﻃﺎء‬marṭā’, pl. ‫ ﻣﺮط‬murṭ hairless
‫ ﻣﺮع‬mara‘a a (mar‘) to rub over, anoint (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺮع‬mar‘ pl. ‫ اﻣﺮع‬amru’, ‫ اﻣﺮاع‬amrā‘ pasture
‫ ﻣﺮﻋﺔ‬mur‘a grease, oil
‫ ﻣﺮﻳﻊ‬marī‘ fertile, productive (soil)
‫ ﳑﺮاع‬mimrā‘ thriving, flourishing, prosperous (city)
1467
‫ ﻣﺮغ‬II to roll (in the dust) (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to rub over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rub (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV
to soil, sully, make dirty (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to roll, wallow (esp., in the dust); to
waver irresolutely
‫ ﻣﺮﻏﺮﻳﻦ‬margarīn margarine
‫ ﻣﺮﻓﲔ‬murfīn morphine
‫ ﻣﺮق‬maraqa u (‫ ﻣﺮوق‬murūq) to pierce, penetrate (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th. or s.o.; esp., of an
arrow), go or pass through (‫ ;)ﻣﻦ‬to dart, rush, shoot, or fly past, pass swiftly;
to hurry away, scamper away; to stray (e.g., of an arrow); to digress,
deviate; to renege, renounce (esp. ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬the true faith) | ‫( ﻣـﺮق اﻟﺴـﻬﻢ‬sahmu)
(lit.: the arrow hal passed through, i.e.) the matter is finished, done with.
settled II to sing
‫ ﻣﺮق‬maraq and ‫ ﻣﺮﻗﺔ‬maraqa broth, bouillon; gravy
‫ ﻣﺮوق‬murūq straying, deviation; apostasy, defection, desertion, disloyalty
‫ ﻣﺮوﻗـﻲ‬murūqī (tun.) nickname of professional Koran reciters in Tunis;
(tun.) pallbearer
‫ ﻣـﺎرق‬māriq pl. ‫ ﻣـﺮاق‬murrāq, ‫ ﻣﺮﻗـﺔ‬maraqa straying; apostate, renegade,
Confidential
defector, turncoat, deserter; heretic
‫ ﳑﺎرق‬mumāriq insolent, impudent
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬II tamarkaza to concentrate (‫ ﰲ‬on, at, in); to settle, establish o.s. gain
a footing, take root; to consolidate one’s position; to gravitate (to)
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬,‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬etc., see ‫رﻛﺰ‬
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﲤﺮﻛﺰ‬tamarkuz concentration; consolidation (of a position)
‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﺶ‬marrākuš2, marrākiš2 Marrakech (city in W Morocco); Morocco
‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﺸﻲ‬marrākišī, marrākišī Moroccan (adj. and n.)
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬markīz marquis
‫( ﻣﺮﻣﺘـﻮن‬Fr. marmiton) marmatōn and ‫ ﻣﺮﻣﻄـﻮن‬pl. -āt kitchen boy, scullery
boy
1‫ ﻣﺮﻣـﺮ‬marmara to be or become bitter; to become angry II tamarmara to
murmur, mumble; to grumble
2‫ ﻣﺮﻣﺮ‬marmar marble
‫ ﻣﺮﻣﺮي‬marmarī marble (adj.)
‫ ﻣﺮﻣﻂ‬marmaṭa (eg.) to spoil, damage (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1468
‫ ﻣﺮﻣﻄﻮن‬see ‫ﻣﺮﻣﺘﻮن‬
‫ ﻣﺮﻣﻴﺲ‬mirmīs rhinoceros
1‫ ﻣـﺮن‬marana u (‫ ﻣﺮاﻧـﺔ‬marāna, ‫ ﻣـﺮون‬murūn, ‫ ﻣﺮوﻧـﺔ‬murūna) to be pliant,
flexible, ductile, elastic; -- (‫ ﻣـﺮون‬murūn, ‫ ﻣﺮاﻧـﺔ‬marāna) to be or become
accustomed, get used (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬to) II to train, drill (‫ ه‬s.o.); to accustom,
condition, season, inure (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. to), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) get used (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to); V to
become accustomed, get used (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to exercise, practice (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), train
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in), be practiced, trained, experienced (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in); to be drilled, drill
‫ ﻣﺮن‬marin pliant, pliable, flexible, bending; elastic; plastic; supple, limber,
lithe; ductile, extensible; yielding, compliant
‫ ﻣﺮاﻧـﺔ‬marāna and ‫ ﻣﺮوﻧـﺔ‬murūna pliancy, pliability, flexibility; elasticity;
ductility; plasticity; agility, nimbleness; resilience
‫ ﲤـﺮﻳﻦ‬tamrīn pl. -āt, ‫ ﲤـﺎرﻳﻦ‬tamārīn2 exercise, practice, training; military
training, drill; practical experience; expertness, skill; preparatory training,
(period of) probation, apprenticeship, traineeship | ‫اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬ ‫( ﲤﺮﻳﻦ‬ibtidā’ī) basic
Confidential
training; ‫ﺟﻨﺪﻳـﺔ‬
‫ ﲤـﺎرﻳﻦ‬jundīya) or ‫‘( ﲤﺮﻳﻨـﺎت ﻋﺴـﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬askarīya) military exercises,
maneuvers; O ‫ ﲤـﺮﻳﻦ اﻟـﺰ دة‬coaching, tutoring; extra drill (mil.); ‫ﲤﺮﻳﻨـﺎت ر ﺿـﻴﺔ‬
(riyāḍīya) gymnastic exercises; ‫ ﲢـﺖ اﻟﺘﻤـﺮﻳﻦ‬undergoing preparatory training,

engaged on probation (official, employee)
‫ ﻣـﺮان‬mirān expertness, skill; exercise, practice, drill, training; habituation,
habit; accustomedness; practical experience; routine
‫ ﲤﺮن‬tamarrun exercise, practice, training
‫ ﳑﺮن‬mumarrin trainer, coach; instructor; drill sergeant
‫ ﳑـﺮن‬mumarran practiced, seasoned, experienced, trained, skilled (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in);
accustomed, used (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
‫ ﻣﺘﻤـﺮن‬mutamarrin practiced, seasoned, experienced, trained, skilled (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
in); accustomed, used (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬to); probationer, undergoing probation,
probationary
2‫ ﻣﺎروﱐ‬pl. ‫ ﻣﻮارﻧﺔ‬look up alphabetically
1‫ ﻣﺮو‬marw Merv (present-day Mary, town in Turkmen S.S.R.)

‫ ﻣﺮوي‬marwī, marawī native of Merv
1469
2‫ ﻣﺮو‬marw (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pebble; flint
2‫ ﻣﺮوة‬see ‫ﻣﺮوءة‬
2‫ ﻣﺮى‬III to wrangle, argue, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.; to resist, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to contest (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) VIII to doubt (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻣﺮﻳﺔ‬murya, mirya doubt, quarrel, wrangle, argument, dispute
‫ ﻣـﺮاء‬mirā’ quarrel, wrangle, argument, dispute; doubt | ‫( ﺑـﻼ ﻣـﺮاء‬bi-lā) or ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻣ ـﺮاء‬ (mirā’a) incontestable, indisputable, unquestionable, undisputed,
uncontested; ‫ان‬ ‫ ﻻ ﻣـﺮاء ﰲ‬it is an incontrovertible fact that ..., unquestionably
…
2 ‫ ﻣﺮا‬pl. ‫ ﻣﺮآة‬see ‫رأى‬
‫ ﻣﺮﱘ‬maryam2 Mary, Maria
‫ ﻣﺮﳝﻴﺔ‬maryamīya sage (bot.)
‫ﻣﺰ‬mazza u (mau) to suck
‫ ﻣﺰ‬muzz sourish, acidulous
Confidential
‫به‬
‫ ﻣـﺰة‬mazza pl. -āt and ‫ ﻣـﺎزة‬māzza (eg.) relishes, appetizers (taken with
drink)
‫ ﻣﺰج‬mazaja u (mazj, ‫ ﻣﺰاج‬mizāj) to mix, mingle, blend (‫ ﺑﲔ‬different things,
s.th. with) III to form a mixture or compound, be mixed, be blended,
mix, mingle, blend, combine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to adapt o.s. (‫ ه‬to s.o.), humor
(‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to intermix:, intermingle, interblend, be intermixed, be
intermingled VIII to be mixed, be mingled, be blended, mix, mingle, blend
(‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻣﺰج‬mazj mixing, blending
‫ ﻣـﺰاج‬mizāj pl. ‫ اﻣﺰﺟـﺔ‬amzija mixture, medley, blend; temperament, temper,
nature, disposition; frame of mind, mood, humor, vein; physical
constitution; condition, (state of) health | ‫ﻣـﺰاج دﻣــﻮي‬ (damawī) sanguine
temperament; ‫( ﻣـﺰاج ﺳـﻮدوي‬saudawī) melancholic temperament; ‫ﻣـﺰاج ﺻـﻔﺮاوي‬
(ṣafrāwī) choleric (or bilious) temperament; ‫( ﻣﺰاج ﺑﻠﻐﻤـﻲ‬balgamī) phlegmatic
temperament; ‫‘( اﳌـﺰاج اﻟﻌـﺎم‬āmm) popular taste; ‫ ﻣـﺰاج ﻟﻄﻴـﻒ‬delicate nature,
weakly constitution; ‫ ﳏـﺮور اﳌـﺰاج‬hot-tempered; ‫ ﻣﻨﺤـﺮف اﳌـﺰاج‬munḥarif al-m.
1470
unwell, indisposed, out of sorts; ‫( ﻫـﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻮاﻓـﻖ ﻣﺰاﺟـﻲ‬yuwājiqu) this is not to

my taste
‫ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ‬mazīj compounded, blended (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); mixture, medley, blend (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of);
combination, compound, alloy
‫ ﲤﺎزج‬tamāzuj intermixing, intermingling, interblending. intermixture
‫ اﻣﺘﺰاج‬imlizāj mixture, blend
‫ ﻣﺰح‬mazaḥa a (mazḥ) to joke, jest, make fun III to joke, make fun (‫ ه‬witb
s.o.)
‫ ﻣﺰح‬mazḥ, ‫ ﻣﺰاح‬muzāḥ, mizāḥ and ‫ ﻣﺰاﺣﺔ‬muzāḥa joking, joke, jest, fun
‫ ﻣﺰاح‬mazzāḥ and ‫ ﻣﺎزح‬māziḥ joker, jester, buffoon, wag
‫ ﻣﺰر‬mizr a kind of beer
‫ ﻣـﺰع‬maza‘a a (maz‘) to run, bound, tear along, gallop along; to tear apart
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tear, rip (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. off) II to pick, pluck (‫ ه‬wool or cotton); to
tear to pieces (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺰﻋﺔ‬muz‘a, miz‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﺰع‬muza‘, miza‘ piece, bit, bite; flock of wool
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﺰق‬mazaqa i (mazq) to tear, rend, rip apart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip
apart (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to tear up, tear to pieces, shred (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to get torn, be rent;
to be in shreds, get torn to pieces; to burst open, tear, break, snap
‫ ﻣﺰق‬mazq tearing, tearing up, rending; tear, rent, rupture
‫ ﻣﺰﻗﺔ‬mizqa pl. ‫ ﻣﺰق‬mizaq piece torn off, shred
‫ ﲤﺰﻳﻖ‬tamzīq tearing, rending, shredding, fragmentation
‫ ﻣﺰﻣﺰ‬mazmaza to sip
‫ ﻣﺰن‬muzn (coll.; n. un. ‫ة‬, pl. ‫ ﻣﺰن‬muzan) rain clouds
‫ ﻣﺰﻳـﺔ‬mazīya pl. ‫ ﻣـﺰا‬mazāya and ‫ ﻣﺎزﻳـﺔ‬māziya pl. -āt advantage; privilege,
prerogative; excellence, superiority; merit, virtue
‫ ﻣﺲ‬massa a (mass, ‫ ﻣﺴﻴﺲ‬masīs) to feel, finger, handle, palpate (‫ ه‬s.o., III
s.th.); to touch (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to violate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. sacred), infringe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬upon);
to cohabit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with a woman); to hit, befall (‫ ه‬s.o.; damage, calamity) | ‫ﻣﺴـﻪ‬

‫( ذى‬bi-adan) or ‫( ﻣﺴـﻪ ﺑﺴـﻮء‬bi-sū’in) to harm, wrong, hurt s.o.; ‫ﻣـﺲ ﺑﺴـﻮء‬
‫ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬to be injurious, damaging to s.th., hurt, impair, prejudice s.th.; ‫ﻣﺴـﺖ‬
1471
‫( اﳊﺎﺟــﺔ اﱃ‬ḥājatu) circumstances require ..., (it) is necessary, urgently

needed; ‫( ﻣـﺲ ﻟﻐﻤـﺎ‬lugman) to hit a mine III to touch (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be in touch,
be in contact (‫ ه‬with s.o.) VI to touch each other, be in mutual contact
‫ ﻣـﺲ‬mass touching, touch; contact; misfortune, calamity; attack, fit (of a
disease) j insanity, madness, frenzy, possession | ‫ﻣـﺲ اﳊﻤـﻰ‬ m. al-ḥummā
attack of fever; ‫اﳉﻨﻮن‬ ‫( اﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ‬aṣābahū) he has gone crazy
‫ ﻣﺴﺔ‬massa (n. vic.) touch
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎس‬masās touching, feeling, handling, fingering, palpation; violation
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), infringement, encroachments (‫ ب‬e.g., upon a right); connection,
‫ ﻟـﻪ ﻣﺴـﺎس ب‬it is connected with ..., it touches upon ..., it
relation, contact |
concerns; ‫ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺴﺎس ب‬concerning ..., regarding ...
‫ ﻣﺴـﻴﺲ‬masīs touching, touch | ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻣﺴـﻴﺲ‬should the necessity arise, if (or
when) necessary; ‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻣﺴﻴﺲ اﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬he is in urgent need of ...
‫ ﳑﺎﺳﺔ‬mumāssa touching, tangency; adjacency, contiguity; contact
Confidential
‫ ﲤﺎس‬tamāss (mutual) contact
‫ ﻣـﺎس‬māss tangent; touching, (‫ ب‬s.th., also fig., upon s.th.); adjacent,
adjoining, contiguous; urgent, pressing, important | ‫ ﺣﺎﺟـﺔ ﻣﺎﺳـﺔ‬urgent need,
exigency; ‫ اﳊﺎﺟـﺔ ﻣﺎﺳـﺔ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬it is urgently needed; ‫( ﻣـﺎس ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ‬kahrabā’) short
circuit
‫ ﳑﺴﻮس‬mamsūs touched; palpable, tangible; mentally deranged, insane
‫ ﳑﺎس‬mumāss tangent (math.)
‫( ﻣﺴﱰدﻩ‬It. mostarda) mustarda mustard
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻜﻪ‬mistika = ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻜﺎء‬
‫( ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺔ‬It. mastello) mastilla pl. -āt tub
2‫ ﻣﺴﺢ‬masaḥa a (masḥ) to stroke with the hand (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to wipe off, wipe
away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rub off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wash, wash off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wipe out,
blot out, erase (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to clean, polish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to smooth, smooth with a
plane, to plane (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to rub (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with); to anoint (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to
deprive, dispossess (‫ه‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.o. of), take away, withdraw (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬from s.o.
1472
s.th.); -- (masḥ,‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺔ‬misāḥa) to survey (‫ ﻫ ـ‬land, estate, etc.), make a

cadastral survey (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of) 0 to wipe off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rub, anoint (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
cajole, coax, wheedle, persuade (‫ ه‬s.o.); to Christianize (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to cajole,
coax, wheedle, persuade (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to wipe o.s., wash o.s.; to provoke (‫ب‬
s.o.), pick a quarrel (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻣﺴﺢ‬masḥ wiping, wiping off; cleaning; robbing, embrocation; anointing,
anointment, (extreme) unction; land survey
‫ ﻣﺴـﺢ‬misḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﻮح‬musūḥ coarse woolen fabric, haircloth, sacking; pl.
hair shirt, monastic garb, monk’s frock | ‫ ﻟﺒﺴـﺖ اﳌﺴـﻮح‬labisat il-musūḥa to
take the veil, become a nun
‫ ﻣﺴـﺤﺔ‬masḥa (n. vic.) a rubbing, embrocation; anointing, anointment;
unction; tinge, shade, air, appearance, veneer (fig.); trace. touch (of s.th.) |
‫ﻣﺴــﺤﺔ اﻷرض‬ extreme unction; ‫ﻣﺴــﺢ اﳌـﺮﻳﺾ ﳌﺴــﺤﺔ‬ to administer extreme
unction to a sick person
‫ ﻣﺴﺎح‬massāḥ land surveyor; bootblack, shoeblack, shoeshine
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺔ‬misāḥa pl. -āt plane, surface; area; acreage; floor space; surface
extent; terrain sector (mil.); surveying, survey; geodesy; cadastre | ‫ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ اﻷراﺿـﻲ‬m. al-arāḍī land surface; area, acreage; ‫( ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬mā’īya) area of
water; ‫ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ اﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬maṣlaḥa al-m. survey department, land registry office
‫ ﻣﺴـﻴﺢ‬masīḥ pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺤﺎء‬musaḥā’2, ‫ ﻣﺴـﺤﻰ‬anointed; wiped, clean, smooth;

‫ اﳌﺴﻴﺢ‬the Messiah, Christ
‫ ﻣﺴـﻴﺤﻲ‬masīḥī Christian, Messianic; (pl. -āt) a Christian | ‫اﻟـﺪﻳﻦ اﳌﺴـﻴﺤﻲ‬
(dīn) the Christian faith, Christianity
‫ اﳌﺴﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬al-masīḥīya Christendom; Christianity, the Christian faith
‫ ﳑﺴﺢ‬mimsāḥ and ‫ ﳑﺴﺤﺔ‬mimsaḥa pl. ‫ ﳑﺎﺳـﺢ‬mamāsīḥ2 dust cloth, dish rag,
floor rag; doormat; scraper
‫ ﻣﺎﺳﺢ‬masḥ bootblack, shoeblack, shoeshine
‫ ﳑﺴﻮح‬mamsūḥ wiped, wiped off, wiped clean; cleaned; smoothed, planed;
polished; smooth; anointed; abraded, worn (coin) | ‫ﳑﺴـﻮح ﻣـﻦ اﳌﻌـﲎ‬ (ma‘nā)
senseless, meaningless, inane
3‫ ﲤﺴﺎح‬timsāḥ pl. ‫ ﲤﺎﺳﻴﺢ‬tamāsīḥ crocodile (zool.)
1473
‫ ﻣﺴــﺦ‬masaka a (mask) to transform (‫ ﻣــﻦ – اﱃ ه‬s.o. from -- into),

transmute, convert (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to falsify, distort (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to mar, spoil (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺴـﺦ‬mask transformation, metamorphosis; transmutation, conversion;
falsification, distortion, misrepresentation; metempsychosis
‫ ﻣﺴـﺦ‬mask, misk pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﻮخ‬musūk transformed into an animal; misshapen,
deformed, disfigured; ugly, misshapen midget; freak, monstrosity; monster
‫ ﻣﺴﺨﺔ‬maska (eg.) buffoon, harlequin, clown
‫ ﻣﺴـﻴﺦ‬transformed; disfigured, defaced, deformed, ugly; tasteless, insipid,
stale
‫ ﳑﺴــﻮخ‬mamsūk transformed; marred, spoiled; disfigured, defaced,
deformed, ugly
‫ ﻣﺴـﺨﺮ‬maskara to ridicule, mock, deride (‫ ه‬s.o.) II tamaskara to make fun
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of), laugh (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at)
‫ ﻣﺴﺪ‬II to massage (‫ اﻋﻀﺎءﻩ‬a‘ḍā’ahū s.o.’s limbs)
‫ ﻣﺴﺪ‬masad (coll.) pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﺎد‬misād, ‫ اﻣﺴﺎد‬amsād palm fibers, raffia
Confidential
‫ ﲤﺴﻴﺪ‬tamsīd massage
1 ‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة‬look up alphabetically
2 ‫ﻣﺴﺮى‬masrā the 12th month of the Coptic calendar
‫( ﻣﺴـﻄﺮة‬It. mostra) masṭara pl. ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻃﺮ‬masāṭir2 sample, specimen; see also
‫ﺳﻄﺮ‬
‫ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ‬masqaṭ Masqat (seaport and capital of Oman)
12‫ ﻣﺴـﻚ‬masaka u i (mask) to grab, grasp, clutch, clasp, seize (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.), take hold ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to hold, hold fast (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stick, cling,
cleave, adhere, hang on (‫ ب‬to) | ‫ت‬ ‫( ﻣﺴـﻚ اﳊﺴـﺎ‬ḥisābāt) to keep the books,
keep the accounts; ‫( ﻣﺴـﻚ‬daffata l-u.) to be at the helm, be in charge; ‫ﻣﺴـﻚ‬
‫( ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬lisānanahū) to keep one’s tongue in check II to scent with musk (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to have (‫ ه‬s.o.) seize or hold IV to seize, grip, grasp, clasp, clutch,
hold (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hold fast, grab (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. by his
hair, and the like); to hold back, keep, detain, restrain (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from); to withhold, not to expend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to refrain, abstain, keep, desist
1474
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), forbear, cease, stop (‫ ﻋﻦ‬doing s.th.), keep away, remain aloof (‫ﻋﻦ‬
from); to keep, retain (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬s.th. for o.s.) | ‫( اﻣﺴﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬amsik) keep ...!
‫ اﻣﺴـﻚ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ واﻗﻔـﺎ‬waqifan) to hold o.s. upright; ‫( اﻣﺴـﻚ ﺑﻴـﺪﻩ‬bi-yadihī) to take
s.o. by the hand; ‫ﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫( اﻣﺴﻚ‬yadahū) to take s.o.’s hand; ‫ اﻣﺴﻜﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼـﺪور‬to
stop publication, fold up (newspaper); ‫( اﻣﺴـﻚ ﻟﺴـﺎﻧﻪ‬lisānahū) to keep one’s
tongue in check; ‫( اﻣﺴـﻚ اﻟـﺒﻄﻦ‬baṭna) to constipate (med.) V to hold on, hold
fast (‫ ب‬to), clutch (‫ ب‬s.th.); to stick, cling, cleave (‫ ب‬to); to hang on (‫ ب‬to),
persist (‫ ب‬in); to keep, adhere (‫ ب‬to s.th.); to rise (prices), harden, firm up
(quotations) | ‫ﲤﺴـﻚ ﻫﺪاﻓـﻪ‬ (bi-ahdābihī) to be most devoted to s.o., be at
s.o.’s beck and call, be under s.o.’s thumb; ‫ﲤﺴـﻚ ﻫـﺪاب اﻟﺸـﻲء‬to adhere,
cling to s.th.; ‫ﲤﺴـﻚ ﺑﺮأﻳـﻪ‬ (bi-ra’yihī) to stick to one’s opinion VI to hold

together, be firmly connected, be interlocked; to compose o.s., pull o.s.
together; to remain undaunted, remain calm, be composed; to stay on one’s
feet; to be in full possession of one’s strength; to refrain, abstain, keep (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
Confidential
from) X to keep, stick, cling, adhere (‫ ب‬to); to grab, seize (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
refrain, abstain, keep (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫ ﻣﺴﻚ‬mask seizure, grip, hold; detention | ‫ ﻣﺴﻚ اﻟﺪﻓﺎﺗﺮ‬bookkeeping; ‫ﻣﺴﻚ‬

‫ اﳊﺴﺎ ت‬m. al-ḥisābāt keeping of accounts, accountancy
‫ ﻣﺴﻚ‬maska pl. masakāt grip, hold
‫ ﻣﺴـﻚ‬misk (m. and f.) musk | ‫ ﻣﺴـﻚ اﳉـﻦ‬m. al-jinn a variety of goosefoot
(Chenopodium Botrys; bot.); ‫ﻣﺴـﻚ اﳋﺘـﺎم‬ m. al-kitām lit.: the concluding
musk (i.e., with which, originally, a letter was finally perfumed), the best
following in the end, the crowning touch
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬miska a little, a touch, a glimpse, a whiff (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
‫ ﻣﺴﻚ‬musuk and ‫ ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬musaka grasping, greedy, avaricious
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬muska pl. ‫ ﻣﺴﻚ‬musak handle; hold; grip; handhold, support | ‫ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬
‫ اﻷﻣﻞ‬m. al-amal that to which hope clings
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﺔ‬muska, musuka and ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﺔ‬masāka, misaka avarice
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﺎن‬muskān earnest money, pledge
‫ ﻣﺴﺎك‬misāk dam, weir; hem, border
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‫ ﻣﺴﻴﻚ‬masīk tenacious; avaricious, miserly; watertight, waterproof

‫ اﻣﺴــﺎك‬imsāk seizure; restraint, detention, check; stop, cessation;
abstinence; avarice; constipation (med.); time of the day which marks the
beginning of the Ramadan fast
‫ اﻣﺴﺎﻛﻴﺔ‬imsākīya calendar of fasting during the month of Ramadan
‫ ﲤﺴـﻚ‬tamassuk adherence; devotedness, devotion, attachment; written
commitment, IOU; firming-up, or consolidation, of the market, hardening of
quotations | ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ‬ ‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬legal moratorium, moratory law (jur.)
‫ ﲤﺎﺳــﻚ‬tamāsuk holding together, cohesiveness; coherence; cohesion
(phys.); firmness, solidity; tenacity
‫ اﺳﺘﻤﺴﺎك‬istimsāk adherence, loyalty (‫ ب‬to)
‫ ﳑﺴﻚ‬mumassak musky, musk-scented, perfumed
‫ ﳑﺴــﻚ‬mumsik holding, clutching, grabbing; checking, restraining.
withholding; economical, thrifty; grasping, greedy, avaricious
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﺴــﻚ‬mutamassik holding fast, hanging on, clinging, adhering;
tenacious; firm, solid
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺳــﻚ‬mutamāsik holding together, coherent, cohesive, hanging
Confidential
together, firmly connected, interlocked; continuous, uninterrupted; firm,
solid; tenacious
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺴﻚ‬mustamsik composed, calm (mind)
2‫ ﻣﺴﻜﺎﰐ‬muskātī muscatel (wine)
‫ ﻣﺴـﻜﻦ‬II tamaskana to become poor, be reduced to poverty; to pretend to
be poor; to feign poverty or humility; to be submissive, servile, slavish,
fawning
‫ ﻣﺴﻜﻨﺔ‬maskana poverty, misery; humbleness, humility, submissiveness
‫ ﻣﺴـﻜﲔ‬miskīn pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎﻛﲔ‬masākīn2 poor, miserable; beggar; humble,
submissive, servile
‫ ﻣﺴـﻮ‬II to wish (‫ ه‬s.o.) a good evening | ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎك ﷲ ﳋـﲑ‬massāka llāhu bi-l-
kair good evening! III see ‫ ﺻﺒﺢ‬III; IV to enter into evening; to be or become
in the evening; to be, become | ‫اﻣﺴـﻰ‬ ‫( ﻳﻔﻌﻠـﻪ اذا اﺻـﺒﺢ وﻳﻔﻌﻠـﻪ اذا‬aṣbaḥa) he does
so in the morning and in the evening
‫ ﻣﺴـﺎء‬masā’ pl. ‫ اﻣﺴـﺎء‬amsā’, ‫ اﻣﺴـﻴﺎت‬amsīyāt evening; masā’an in the
evening | ‫اﻣـﺲ‬ ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎء‬masā’a amsi yesterday evening, last night; ‫ ﻣﺴـﺎء اﳋـﲑ‬m.
1476
al-kair or ‫ﳋﲑ‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﺎؤﻛﻢ‬good evening! ‫ ﺻﺒﺎح ﻣﺴﺎء‬ṣabāḥa masa’a mornings and

evenings, in the morning and in the evening
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻲ‬masā’ī evening (adj.) | ‫ اﻷﺧﺒﺎر اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬the evening news
‫ اﻣﺴﻴﺔ‬umsīya pl. ‫ اﻣﺎﺳﻲ‬amāsīy evening
‫ ﻣﺴﻮرة = ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻣﺴـﻲ‬masā i (masy) to make lean, cause to lose flesh, emaciate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
livestock; of the heat)
‫( ﻣﺴﻴﻮ‬Fr. Monsieur) misyū Mr.; sir
‫ ﻣـﺶ‬mašša u (mašš) to suck the marrow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from a bone); to macerate,
soak in water (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺶ‬mišš whey
‫ ﻣﺸﻮش‬mašūš napkin
‫ ﻣﺸﻴﺞ‬māšīj gamete, germ cell
‫ ﻣﺸﺢ‬mašaḥa a (mašḥ) to administer extreme unction (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ ﻣﺸﺤﺔ‬mašḥa extreme unction
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺸﻂ‬mašaṭa u i (mašṭ) to comb II do. V and VIII to comb one’s hair
‫ ﻣﺸــﻂ‬mušṭ pl. amšāṭ, ‫ ﻣﺸــﺎط‬mišāṭ comb; rake; bridge (of stringed
instruments); O (mil.) cartridge clip | ‫اﻟﺮﺟـﻞ‬ ‫ ﻣﺸـﻂ‬m. ar-ril metatarsus, instep
(anat.); ‫اﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ ﻣﺸﻂ‬m. al-yad metacarpus (anat.)
‫ ﻣﺸﻄﻲ‬mušṭī toothed, indented, jagged, dentate; comblike, pectinate
‫ ﲤﺸﻴﻂ‬tamšīṭ combing, carding (of wool)
‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻂ‬māšiṭ barber, hairdresser
‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻄﺔ‬māšiṭa lady’s maid; (woman) hairdresser
‫ ﳑﺸﻂ‬mumallal combed, carded (wool)
‫ ﻣﺸـﻖ‬mašaqa u (mašq) to draw out, stretch, extend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to comb (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to tear, tear up, shred (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to whip, lash (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.) V to be or get tom
or shredded VIII to snatch away, whip away (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. from s.o.); to draw,
unsheathe (‫ ﻫـ‬the sword)
‫ ﻣﺸـﻖ‬mašq pl. ‫ اﻣﺸـﺎق‬amšāq model, pattern (esp., one to be copied in
writing)
1477
‫ ﻣﺸﻖ‬mišq slender, slim, svelte

‫ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ‬mišqa pl. ‫ ﻣﺸﻖ‬mišaq flock of wool or cotton; rag, clout, shred; scrap
of carding wool; scrap of hemp, oakum
‫ ﻣﺸﻴﻖ‬mašīq slender, slim, svelte
‫ ﻣﺸﺎق‬mušāq scrap of flax or hemp; oakum, tow
‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻗﺔ‬mušāqa scrap of flax or hemp; oakum, tow | ‫ ﻣﺸﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﻳﺮ‬floss
‫ اﻣﺘﺸﺎق‬imtišāq slenderness
‫ ﳑﺸـﻮق‬mamšūq slender, slim, svelte | ‫( ﳑﺸـﻮق ﻛﺎﳊﺴـﺎم‬ka-1-ḥusām) slender
as a wand
‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻚ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻣﺸﻠﻮز‬mišlauz sweet-kerneled apricot
‫ ﻣﺸـﻤﺶ‬mišmiš (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬apricot; apricot tree | ‫( ﻣﺸـﻤﺶ ﻛـﻼﰊ‬kilābī)
bitter-kerneled apricot; ‫)ﻣﺸـﻤﺶ ﻟـﻮزي )ﲪـﻮي‬ (lauzī, ḥamawi) sweet-kerneled
apricot
‫ ﻣﺸﻤﻼ‬mušmullā, mišmilla medlar (bot.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺸﻤﻠﺔ‬mušmula, mišmila medlar (bot.)
‫ اﳌﺸﻬﺪ‬al-mašhad Meshed (city in NE Iran)
(‫ ﻣﺸـﻮ‬and ‫ ﻣﺸـﻲ( ﻣﺸـﻰ‬mašā i (mašy) to go on foot, walk; to go; to pace,
stride; to move along, proceed; to march | ‫ﻟﻨﻤﻴﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺸـﻰ‬to scatter slanderous
rumors II to let or make (‫ ه‬s.o.) go or walk; to adapt, adjust, fit,
accommodate (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻊ‬s.th. to) III to keep pace, keep in step (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to
go along, keep up, keep abreast (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬with s.o., with s.th.), keep to s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
side; to be likeminded (‫ه‬ ‫ ﰲ‬with s.o. in s.th.), be guided by the same
consideration or principles (‫ ﰲ ه‬as s.o. in s.th.), act in unison (‫ ﰲ ه‬with s.o.
in s.th.) IV = II; to have an aperient effect (‫ ه‬on s.o.; med.) V to go on foot,
walk; to take a walk, to stroll, promenade; to walk slowly, saunter; to pass,
move along, stride along; to keep step, keep up, keep abreast, go along,
agree, harmonize, be compatible, be -consistent, be in accordance, be in
keeping (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with), fit, suit (‫ ﻣﻊ‬s.th.), be appropriate, correspond, come up (‫ﻣﻊ‬
to s.th.); to proceed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in accordance with a principle or method); to
follow, observe (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a principle) | ‫ ﲤﺸـﻰ ﰲ اوﺻـﺎﻟﻪ‬approx.: to perfuse s.o.’s
1478
limbs (of a sensation); ‫( ﲤﺸـﻰ ﺟﻴﺌـﺔ وذﻫـﺎ‬jī’atan wa-dahāban) to walk back

and forth, pace up and down
‫ ﻣﺸﻮ‬mašw a laxative, aperient
‫ ﻣﺸﻰ‬mašy going, walking; walk
‫ ﻣﺸﻴﺔ‬mišya manner of walking, gait, pace, step, bearing, carriage
‫ ﻣﺸﺎء‬mašā’ pl. -ūn good walker; walker (athlet.)
‫ ﻣﺸـﺎﻳﺔ‬mašāya pl. -āt long, narrow carpet, runner; O baby walker, gocart;
hallway, corridor; footpath, path(way)
‫ ﳑﺸـﻰ‬mamšā pl. ‫ ﳑـﺎش‬mamāšin hallway, corridor, passageway, passage;
aisle; footpath, path(way), alley; promenade; crossing, overpass, bridge;
bridge of a ship; runner, small rug
‫ ﲤﺸﻴﺎ ﻣـﻊ‬tamaššiyan ma‘a (or ‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in conformity with, in accordance with,
according to
‫ ﻣــﺎش‬māšin pl. ‫ ﻣﺸــﺎة‬mušāh going, walking; pedestrian; foot soldier,
infantryman; ‫ اﳌﺸﺎة‬the infantry; ‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺎ‬māšiyan on foot
‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺔ‬māšiya pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاش‬mawāšin livestock, cattle
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﺺ‬maṣṣa (1st pers. perf. masistu) a and (1st pers. perf. maṣaṣtu) u
(maṣṣ) to suck, suck up, soak up, suck in, absorb (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to sip, lap, lap up,
lick up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to suck out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to sip gradually, drink in small sips
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII to suck, suck up, suck in (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to sip, lap, lap up, lick up (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to soak up, absorb, swallow up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣـﺺ‬maṣṣ sucking, suction, suck, sucking up, soaking up, soak, soakage,
absorption |‫اﳌﺺ‬ ‫ ﻗﺼﺐ‬qaṣab al-m. sugar cane
‫ ﻣﺼﺔ‬maṣṣa (n. vic.) sucking, suck, suction; sip
‫ ﻣﺼـﺎص‬maṣāṣ one who sucks, sucker; cupper; bloodsucker, extortioner,
usurer
‫ ﻣﺼﺎﺻـﺔ‬muṣāṣa that which one sucks, s.th. to suck | ‫ ﻣﺼﺎﺻـﺔ اﻟﻘﺼـﺐ‬m. al-
qaṣab sugar-cane refuse
‫ ﻣﺼﺎﺻﺔ‬maṣṣāṣa screech owl; vampire
‫ ﻣﺼﻴﺺ‬maṣīṣ moist, damp (ground)
‫ ﻣﺼﻴﺺ‬miṣīṣ string, twine, packthread
‫ ﳑﺺ‬mimaṣṣ suction pipe, sucker; O siphon
1479
‫ اﻣﺘﺼـﺎص‬imtiṣāṣ sucking, suck, suction; sucking up, soaking up, soak,

soakage, absorption | ‫اﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ ﻗﻮة‬qūwat al-imt. suction
‫ ﳑﺼـﻮص‬mamṣūṣ soaked up; drained, exhausted; emaciated, very lean,
skinny
‫ ﳑﺘﺺ‬mumtaṣ soaking up, absorbing; absorbent, absorptive
‫ ﻣﺼــﺮ‬II to found, build, settle, civilize, colonize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a place); to
Egyptianize, make Egyptian (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to become a populated, civilized
area, become a big city, a metropolis; to Egyptianize, adopt Egyptian ways;
to become an Egyptian
‫ ﻣﺼـﺮ‬miṣr pl. ‫ اﻣﺼـﺎر‬amṣār big city; metropolis, capital; -- miṣr2, (colloq.)
maṣr Egypt; Cairo | ‫ﻣﺼـﺮ اﻟﻘـﺎﻫﺮة‬ Cairo; ‫ﻣﺼـﺮ اﳉﺪﻳـﺪة‬ Heliopolis (section of
modern Cairo)
‫ ﻣﺼـﺮي‬miṣrī Egyptian; Cairene; (pl. -ūn) an Egyptian; a Cairene, a native
of Cairo
‫ ﻣﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬miṣrīya Egyptianism, Egyptian national character; (pl. -āt) Egyptian
woman or girl
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺼـﲑ‬pl. ‫ اﻣﺼـﺮة‬amṣira, ‫ ﻣﺼـﺮان‬muṣrān, ‫ ﻣﺼـﺎرﻳﻦ‬maṣārīn2 gut; pl. bowels,
intestines, guts, tripe; see also under ‫ﺻﲑ‬
‫ﲤﺼ ـ ــﲑ‬tamṣīr settling, settlement, colonization,
Egyptianization
civilization;
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﺼﺮ‬mutamaṣṣir Egyptianized, naturalized in Egypt

‫ ﻣﺼـﻄﻜﺎء‬maṣṭakā’, muṣṭakā’ and ‫ ﻣﺼـﻄﻜﻰ‬maṣṭakā mastic, resin of the
mastic tree (Pistacia lenticus); liquor distilled from mastic | ‫ﺷـﺠﺮة اﳌﺼـﻄﻜﺎء‬
šajarat al-m. mastic tree (Pistacia lenticus; bot.)
‫ ﻣﺼﻞ‬maṣala u to curdle (milk); to strain, filter (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺼـﻞ‬maṣl whey; (pl. ‫ ﻣﺼـﻮل‬muṣūl) serum (med.) | ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳌﺼـﻮل‬ilm al-m.
serology
‫ ﻣﺼﻠﻲ‬maṣlī serous (med.)
‫ ﻣﺼـﻤﺺ‬maṣmaṣa to suck(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to suck up, soak up, absorb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
sip and turn around in the mouth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a liquid) II tamaṣmaṣa to sip and turn
around in the mouth (‫ ﻫـ‬a liquid)
1480
‫ ﻣﺾ‬maḍḍa u (maḍḍ, ‫ ﻣﻀﻴﺾ‬maḍīḍ) to hurt, pain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to burn, sting (‫ه‬

s.o.); to torment, harass, trouble, molest (‫ه‬
‫ ب‬s.o. with); -- (1st pen. perf.
maḍiḍtu) a (‫ ﻣﻀـﺾ‬maḍaḍ, ‫ ﻣﻀـﻴﺾ‬maḍīḍ, ‫ ﻣﻀﺎﺿـﺔ‬maḍāḍa) to be in pain, feel
pain, suffer; to be distressed, worried, troubled IV to cause pain (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to torment, torture, agonize (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣــﺾ‬maḍḍ pain, torment, torture, anguish, agony; painful, burning,
stinging, smarting
‫ ﻣﻀـﺾ‬maḍaḍ pain, suffering, torment, torture, anguish, agony, affliction,
distress; sour milk | ‫ﻣﻀﺾ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬unwillingly, reluctantly, grudgingly
‫ ﻣﻀﺎض‬muḍāḍ brackish water, brine, salt water
‫ ﻣﻀﺎﺿﺔ‬maḍāḍa agony, torture
‫ ﳑﺾ‬mumiḍḍ agonizing, tormenting
‫ ﻣﻀـﺮ‬maḍara, maḍura u and maḍira a (maḍr, maḍar, ‫ ﻣﻀـﻮر‬muḍūr) to turn
sour (milk)
‫ ﻣﻀﺮ‬maḍir and ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﺮ‬māḍir sour (milk)
Confidential
‫ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻀﺮ‬lugat muḍara the language of Mudar, the Arabic language
‫ ﻣﻀـﻎ‬maḍaga a u (maḍg) to chew (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻣﻀـﻎ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬kalām) to slur,
speak indistinctly
‫ ﻣﻀﻎ‬maḍg chewing, mastication
‫ ﻣﻀـﻐﺔ‬muḍga pl. ‫ ﻣﻀـﻎ‬muḍag s.th. to be chewed; bite, bit, morsel; small
chunk of meat; O embryo; O chewing gum | ‫ﻃﻴﺒـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻀـﻐﺔ‬ṭayyiba) titbit; ‫ﺟﻌﻠـﻪ‬
‫( ﻣﻀـﻐﺔ ﰲ اﻷﻓـﻮاﻩ‬ja‘alahū muḍgatan) to make s.o. the talk of the town, send
tongues wagging about s.o.
‫ ﻣﻀﺎﻏﺔ‬muḍāga s.th. chewed, chew, quid
‫ ﻣﻀﻤﺾ‬maḍmaḍa to rinse
‫ ﻣﻀـﻰ‬maḍā i (muḍīy) to go away, leave, depart; to make off, decamp,
abscond; with ‫ ;ب‬to take s.th. away, remove s.th.; to pass, elapse, go by,
expire, run out (time); to advance, progress (‫ ﰲ‬in); to proceed (‫ ﰲ‬in or with
s.th., also ‫)ب‬, continue (‫ﰲ‬, also ‫ب‬, s.th., to do s.th.), go on (‫ ﰲ‬doing s.th.);
to pursue, practice, exercise (‫ ﰲ‬s.th., also ‫ ﰲ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ‬fī mihnatin a profession); to
1481
penetrate deeper, enter deeper, go deeper (‫ ﰲ‬into s.th.); to bring to an end,

wind up, terminate, conclude, accomplish, carry out, execute, perform (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.th.); (with imperf.) to set out to do s.th., proceed to do s.th.; -- (‫ﻣﻀـﺎء‬
maḍā’) to be sharp, cut (sword) | ‫( ﻣﻀـﻰ ﺳـﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬sabīlahū) to pass away, die;
‫( ﻣﻀﻰ ﻟﺴﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬li-sabīlihī) do.; ‫( ﻣﻀـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺒﻴـﻊ‬bai‘) to conclude a bargain; ‫ﻣﻀـﻰ‬
‫( ﻋﻠــﻰ ذﻟــﻚ ﺷــﻬﻮر‬šuhūrun) months have passed since then; ‫ﻣﻀــﻰ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻣــﻪ‬
(kalāmihī) to go on talking; ‫ ﻣﻀـﻰ ﻣـﺎ ﻣﻀـﻰ‬let bygones be bygones! no more
of that! ‫ﻣﻀﻰ‬ ‫( ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬fī-mā) or ‫( ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻀـﻰ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺰﻣـﺎن‬zamān) formerly, previously,
heretofore, once, before, in the past; ‫ ﱂ ﳝـﺾ ﻏـﲑ ﻗﻠﻴـﻞ ﺣـﱴ‬lam yamḍi gairu
qalīlin ḥlattā it did not take long until ..., before long ...; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺳـﻨﺔ ﻣﻀـﺖ‬min
sanatin maḍat one year ago; ‫ﻓﻘـﺎل‬‫ وﻣﻀـﻰ‬and he went on to say, and he added
II to make pass, cause to go by; to spend, pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬time, ‫ ﰲ‬with s.th.) IV to
spend, p (. time); to carry out, execute, perform, accomplish, conclude,
terminate, wind up, bring to an end (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pass, put behind o.s. (‫ﻫ ـ‬
Confidential
examination); to undersign, sign (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫( اﻣﻀـﻲ اﻣـﺮﻩ‬amrahu) to throw
one’s full support behind s.th., endorse s.th. wholeheartedly
‫ ﻣﻀـﻲ‬muḍīy departure, leave; passing; lapse, elapsing, expiration (of a
period of time); continuation (‫ ﰲ‬of s.th.); deeper penetration, deeper insight
(‫ ﰲ‬into); carrying out, execution, pursuit (‫ ﰲ‬of an intention, of a plan) | ‫ﻣﻀﻲ‬
m. al-mudda lapse of time, superannuation; ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺴـﻚ ﲟﻀـﻲ اﳌـﺪة‬ (tamassuk)
usucapion, prescription (jur.); ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﻀـﻲ اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ‬ (m. iz-zaman) lastingly, for
long, permanently; ‫اﳊﺮب‬ ‫( اﳌﻀﻲ ﰲ‬ḥarb) the continuation of the war

‫ ﻣﻀ ــﺎء‬maḍā’ sharpness, keenness; penetration, sagacity, acute
discernment; energy | ‫ﻣﻀ ــﺎء اﳌ ــﺪة‬ strength of purpose, resolution,
determination, energy, go
‫ اﻣﻀﻰ‬amḍā sharper, more incisive, more effective
‫ ﲤﻀــﻴﺔ‬tamḍiya execution, performance, accomplishment, completion;
spending, passing (of time) | ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ ﲤﻀﻴﺔ‬t. al.waqt pastime
1482
‫ إﻣﻀـﺎء‬imḍā’ realization, execution, accomplishment, completion; signing,

signature | ‫اﻹﻣﻀﺎء‬ ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬the undersigned
‫ ﻣـﺎض‬māḍin pl. ‫ ﻣـﻮاض‬mawāḍin sharp, keen, cutting; acute, penetrating,
incisive, effective; energetic; past, bygone; ‫اﳌﺎﺿــﻲ‬ the past; past tense,
perfect, preterit (gram.) | ‫اﻟﻌﺰﳝﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬resolute, determined; ‫( اﻟﺸـﻬﺮ اﳌﺎﺿـﻲ‬šahr)
last month
‫ ﳑﺾ‬mumḍin signer, signatory
‫ ﳑﻀﻰ‬mumḍan undersigned, signed
‫ ﻣـﻂ‬maṭṭa u (maṭṭ) to expand by pulling, stretch, draw out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
draw tight, tighten, tauten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to expand, stretch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to scold,
revile, abuse (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to expand; to stretch; to distend, widen, spread,
lengthen; to be capable of extension or lengthening, be expandable,
stretchable, elastic; to be rubberlike
‫ ﻣــﻂ‬maṭṭ expansion, extension, stretching, distention, lengthening,
drawing out
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻄﺎط‬maṭṭāṭ expandable, extensible, stretchable, elastic; dilatory; rubbery,
rubberlike; rubber; caoutchouc
‫ ﲤﻄﻂ‬tamaṭṭu expandability, extensibility, elasticity
‫ ﻣﻄـﺮ‬maṭara u to rain (‫ ﻣﻄـﺮت اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء‬maṭarat is-samā’ it rained); to shower
with rain (‫ ه‬s.o.; of the sky); to pour out (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬over s.o. s.th.), shower,
douse (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with); to do, render (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﲞـﲑ‬bi-kairin a good turn, a
favor); to run swiftly (horse), speed away IV to rain (of the sky); to cause (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.) to rain (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon); to shower (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with or ‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.o. s.th.),
heap (‫ ب ه‬or ‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.o. s.th.) | ‫( اﻣﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ واﺑﻼ‬wābilan) or ‫اﻣﻄـﺮﻩ ﺑﻮاﺑـﻞ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬
(bi-wābilin) he showered him with a hail of (e.g., stones), with a rain of
(e.g., blows), with a flood of (e.g., abuses, threats), etc. X to ask for rain; to
ask (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) a favor; to wish (‫ ﻫـ‬for s.th.), desire (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to invoke, call
down (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬upon s.o. s.th.)

‫ ﻣﻄـﺮ‬maṭar pl. ‫ اﻣﻄـﺎر‬amṭār rain | ‫ ﳏﻄـﺔ ﻟﺮﺻـﺪ اﻷﻣﻄـﺮ‬maḥaṭṭa li-raṣd al·a.
pluvio-metrical station
‫ ﻣﻄﺮة‬mṭra, maṭara pl. -āt downpour, rain shower
‫ ﻣﻄﺮ‬maṭir and ‫ ﻣﻄﲑ‬maṭīr rainy, abounding in rain
1483
‫ ﳑﻄﺮ‬mimṭar and ‫ ﳑﻄﺮة‬mimṭara pl. ‫ ﳑﺎﻃﺮ‬mamāṭir2 raincoat

‫ ﻣﺎﻃﺮ‬māṭir, rainy, abounding in rain
‫ ﳑﻄﺮ‬mumṭir rainy, abounding in rain | ‫ ﻣﻮاﺳـﻢ ﳑﻄـﺮة‬rainy seasons, periods of
rain
‫ ﻣﻄــﺮن‬maṭrana to raise to the rank of metropolitan or archbishop,
consecrate as metropolitan or archbishop (‫ ه‬s.o.) II tamaṭrana to be instated
or consecrated as metropolitan (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﻄ ـﺮان‬muṭrān, maṭrān, miṭrān pl. ‫ ﻣﻄﺎرﻧــﺔ‬maṭārina, ‫ ﻣﻄــﺎرﻳﻦ‬maṭārīn2
metropolitan, archbishop (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﻄﺮﻧــﺔ‬maṭrana dignity or office of a metropolitan, metropolitanate,
archiepiscopate (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﻄﺮﻧﻴــﺔ‬maṭranīya, ‫ ﻣﻄﺮاﻧﻴـﺔ‬muṭrānīya pl. -āt diocese of a metropolitan,
archbishopric, archdiocese (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﻄﻖ‬V to smack one’s lips
‫ ﻣﻄـﻞ‬maṭala u (maṭl) to draw out, lengthen, extend, stretch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
stretch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a rope); to hammer, forge, shape by hammering (‫ ﻫ ـ‬iron); to
Confidential
postpone, defer, delay; to put off (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with) III to tarry, temporize, take
one’s time; to put off (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with)

‫ ﻣﻄﻮل‬maṭūl deferring, delaying, procrastinating, tardy, dilatory, slow
‫ ﻣﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬maṭīla pl. ‫ ﻣﻄﺎﺋﻞ‬maṭā’il2 wrought iron
‫ ﳑﺎﻃﻠﺔ‬mumāṭala postponement, deferment, procrastination, delay
‫ )ﻣﻄـﺎ )ﻣﻄـﻮ‬maṭā u (maṭw) to quicken one’s pace, hurry, walk fast IV to
mount (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal); to ride (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on an animal) V to stretch o.s., loll; to
stretch (‫ ب‬s.th., one’s body, one’s limbs); to walk, proudly, strut, swagger
VIII to mount (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal); to board (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a vehicle), get in (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, get aboard
(‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to ride (‫ ﻫـ‬on an animal, in a vehicle)

‫ ﻣﻄﻮة‬maṭwa hour, time, moment
‫ ﻣﻄﻴـﺔ‬maṭīya pl. ‫ ﻣﻄـﺎ‬maṭāyā, ‫ ﻣﻄـﻲ‬maṭīy mount, riding animal; expedient,
means to an end, instrument, tool
‫ ﻣـﻊ‬ma’a (prep.) with, simultaneously with, together with, accompanied
by, in the company of; in the estimation, eyes, or opinion of; in spite of,
1484
despite; toward, in relation to; ‫ ﻣﻌــﺎ‬ma’an together; at the same time,

simultaneously; with one another | ‫ ﻣـﻊ ان‬although; ‫ وﻣـﻊ ان – إﻻ ان‬wa-ma‘a
anna -- illā anna although -- nevertheless, to be sure -- but ..., it is true -- but
; ‫ ﻣـﻊ ذﻟـﻚ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻊ ﻫـﺬا‬in spite of it, nevertheless, notwithstanding, still; ‫ﻣـﻊ ﻛـﻞ‬
‫ ﻫـﺬا‬in spite of all that; ‫( ﻣـﻊ ﻛﻮﻧـﻪ ﻏﻨﻴـﺎ‬kaunihī ganīyan) although he is rich, for
all his being rich, rich as he is; ‫( ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻣـﻊ اﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ‬laisa) he is not for the
government, he doesn’t side with the government; ‫ ﻣـﻊ اﳊـﺎﺋﻂ‬along the wall;
‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻣﻌـﻪ‬it was with him, he had it with him; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻣﻌﻜـﻢ‬what do you have with
you? what have you brought along? what’s up your sleeves? ‫اﻟﺴـﺖ ﻣﻌـﻲ ﰲ‬
‫( ان‬alasta) don’t you also think that ...? wouldn’t you share my view that
‫ اﺳـﺘﻌﻤﻞ وﺳـﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺴـﻮة ﻣﻌـﻪ‬ista‘mala wasā’il l-qaswati ma‘ahū he brought harsh
measures to bear on him
‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬ma‘īya company; escort; suite, retinue, entourage, attendants | ‫ﲟﻌﻴﺔ )ﰲ‬
‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺔ( ﻓﻼن‬in the company of so-and-so; ‫ ﲟﻌﻴﺔ ﻫﺬا‬herein enclosed, herewith
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻌﺞ‬V to wind, meander
‫ ﻣـﻊ‬pass. mu‘ida to have a gastric ailment, suffer from dyspepsia, have a
stomachache
‫ ﻣﻌﺪة‬ma‘ida, mi‘da pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﺪ‬mi’ad stomach
‫ ﻣﻌـﺪى‬ma‘dī, mi‘dī of or pertaining to the stomach, gastric, stomachic |
‫ اﻣﺮاض ﻣﻌﺪﻳﺔ‬gastric diseases; ‫( ﲪﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻳﺔ‬ḥummā) gastric fever
‫ ﳑﻌﻮد‬mam‘ūd suffering from a gastric disease, dyspeptic
‫ ﻣﻌـﺮ‬ma‘ira a (ma‘ar) to fall out (hair) IV to become poor, impoverished,
be reduced to poverty V = I
‫ ﻣﻌﺎر‬ma‘ār (eg.) braggart, braggadocio, swaggerer
‫ ﻣﻌﺰ‬ma‘z, ma‘az (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﻣﻌﺰ‬am‘uz, ‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺰ‬ma‘īz goat
‫ ﻣﺎﻋﺰ‬mā‘iz pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻋﺰ‬mawā‘iz2 goat
‫ ﻣﻌﺎز‬ma‘‘āz goatherd
‫ ﻣﻌﺲ‬ma‘asa a (ma‘s) to rub (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to squash, crush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻌـﺾ‬ma‘aḍa a (ma‘ḍ) and VIII to be annoyed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬by), be angry (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬at),
resent (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.)
1485
‫ اﻣﺘﻌـﺎض‬imti‘āḍ anger, resentment, annoyance, displeasure; excitement,

agitation
‫ ﳑﺘﻌﺾ‬mumta‘iḍ annoyed, vexed, angry; upset, excited
‫ ﻣﻌﻂ‬ma‘aṭa a (ma‘ṭ) to tear out, pull out, pluck out (‫ ﻫـ‬hair, feathers)
‫ ﻣﻌﻂ‬ma‘iṭ and ‫ اﻣﻌﻂ‬am‘aṭ2, f. ‫ ﻣﻌﻄﺎء‬ma‘ṭā‘, pl. ‫ ﻣﻌﻂ‬mu‘ṭ hairless, bald
‫ ﻣﻌﻚ‬ma‘aka a (ma‘k) to rub (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻌﻜﺮوﻧﻪ‬ma‘karūna macaroni
1‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻌـﺔ‬ma‘ma‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎﻣﻊ‬ma‘āmi‘2 confusion, jumble, mess, tohubohu;
tumult, uproar; turmoil; pl. wars, battles
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻌـﺎن‬ma‘ma‘ān raging, roar (of a storm), turmoil, thick (of a battle),
height, climax (of heat and cold) | ‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻌـﺎن اﻟﺼـﻴﻒ‬m. aṣ-ṣaif high summer;
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻌﺎن اﻟﺸﺘﺎء‬deepest winter
2‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻌﻲ‬IV to apply o.s. assiduously, devote all one’s efforts (‫ ﰲ‬to s.th.); to
be keen, intent (‫ ﰲ‬on), be eager (‫ ﰲ‬for); to examine closely, study carefully,

scrutinize (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); to go to extremes (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.), overdo, carry too far (‫ﰲ‬
Confidential
s.th.) | ‫ﰲ‬ ‫( اﻣﻌﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬naẓara) to fix one’s eyes on s.th., regard s.th. attentively,
examine s.th. closely, scrutinize s.th. V to become engrossed or absorbed,
bury o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬in), regard attentively, examine carefully (‫ ﰲ‬s. th.), look closely
(‫ ﰲ‬at s.o., at s.th.), scrutinize (‫ ﰲ‬s.o., s.th.)
‫ ﻣـﺎﻋﻮن‬mā‘ūn pl. ‫ ﻣـﻮاﻋﲔ‬mawā‘īn implement, utensil, instrument; vessel,

receptacle, container; (coll.) implements, utensils, gear; (syr.) ream of paper
‫ ﻣﺎﻋﻮﻧﺔ‬mā‘ūna pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻮاﻋﲔ‬mawā‘īn2 (eg.) lighter, barge
‫ اﻣﻌـﺎن‬im‘ān and ‫ اﻣﻌـﺎن اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬i. an-naẓar close examination, careful study,
scrutiny (‫ ﰲ‬of s.th.); ‫ اﻣﻌـﺎن‬devotion (‫ ﰲ‬to s.th.), care, carefulness, assiduity,
diligence, attentiveness, attention
‫ ﲤﻌﻦ‬tama‘‘un close examination, careful study, scrutiny; care, carefulness
| ‫ ﺑﺘﻤﻌﻦ‬carefully
‫ )ﻣﻌﺎ )ﻣﻌﻮ‬ma‘ā u (‫ ﻣﻌﺎء‬ma‘ā’) to mew, miaow, (cat)
1 ‫ ﻣﻌـﻰ‬mi‘an, ma‘y and ‫ ﻣﻌـﺎء‬mi‘ā’ pl. ‫ اﻣﻌـﺎء‬am‘ā’, ‫ اﻣﻌﻴـﺔ‬am‘īya gut;
intestines, bowels, entrails | ‫ اﻷﻣﻌـﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘـﺔ‬the small intestine; ‫ اﳌﻌـﻰ اﻟﻐﻠـﻴﻆ‬the
large intestine
1486
‫ ﻣﻌـﻮي‬mi‘awī of or pertaining to the intestines, intestinal; enteric | ‫اﳊﻤـﻰ‬

‫( اﳌﻌﻮﻳﺔ‬ḥummā) typhoid fever, enteric fever, abdominal typhus
2‫ ﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬ma‘īya see ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ ﻣﻐﺎث‬mugāt (eg.) root of Glossostemon Bruguieri (bot.)

‫ ﻣﻐﺮ‬magar and ‫ ﻣﻐﺮة‬mugra reddish, russet color
‫ اﻣﻐﺮ‬amgar2 reddish brown, russet
‫ ﻣﻐﺮﺑﺔ‬magraba (mor.) Moroccanization
‫ ﻣﻐـﺺ‬magṣa to cause gripes; pass. mugiṣa (mag.) to have gripes or colic,
suffer from colic
‫ ﻣﻐﺺ‬magṣ, magaṣ and ‫ ﻣﻐﻴﺺ‬magīṣ, gripes; colic | ‫( ﻣﻐﺺ ﻛﻠﻮى‬kulwī) renal
colic
‫ ﳑﻐﻮص‬mamgūṣ, suffering from colic; having gripes
‫ ﻣﻐﻂ‬magaṭa a (magṭ) to stretch, extend, expand, draw, out II do.
‫ ﻣــﺘﻤﻐﻂ‬mutamaggiṭ stretchable, elastic (rubber); tough, viscous, ropy,
sticky
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻐﻄــﺲ‬magṭasa to magnetize, make magnetic, subject to magnetic
induction (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II tamagṭasa to be magnetized, become magnetic
‫ ﻣﻐﻄﺴﺔ‬magṭasa magnetism
‫ ﳑﻐﻄﺲ‬mumagṭas magnetized, magnetic
‫ ﺧﺸﺐ اﳌﻐﻨﺔ‬kašab al-mugna, ‫ ﺧﺸﺐ اﳌﻐﲎ‬k. al-mugnā mahogany (wood)
‫ ﻣﻐﻨﻂ‬magnaṭa to magnetize, subject to magnetic induction (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻐﻨﻄــﻴﺲ‬mignaṭīs, magnaṭīs magnet | O ‫( ﻣﻐﻨﻄــﻴﺲ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋــﻲ‬kahrabā’ī)
electromagnet
‫ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬mignāṭīs, magnāṭīs. magnet; magnetism
‫ ﻣﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴﻲ‬mignaṭīsī magnetic; hypnotic
‫ ﻣﻐﻨﻄﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬mignāṭīsīya and ‫ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬magnetism
‫ ﻣﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﺎ‬magnīsiyā magneoio
‫ اﳌﻐﻮل‬al-mugūl the Mongols; the Moguls | ‫ ﺑﻼد اﳌﻐﻮل‬Mongolia
‫ ﻣﻐﻮﱄ‬mugūlī Mongolian
‫ ﻣﻘـﺖ‬maqata u (maqt) to detest, abhor, loathe, hate (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); --
maquta u (‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺗـﺔ‬maqāta) to be abominable, detestable, loathsme, hated,
1487
odious II maqata; to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) hateful (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), make s.o. (‫ )اﱃ‬loathe
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻘـﺖ‬maqt hate, hatred, detestation, loathing, aversion, disgust ; hateful,
odious
‫ ﻣﻘﻴﺖ‬maqīt and ‫ ﳑﻘﻮت‬mamqūt hated, detested; hateful, odious; detestable,
abominable, loathsome, repugnant, disgusting
‫ ﻣﻘﺪوﻧﺲ‬maqdūnis parsley
‫ ﻣﻘﺪوﱐ‬maqdūnī Macedonian (adj. and n.)
‫ ﻣﻘـﻊ‬maqa’a a (maq’) to drink avidly, toss down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII pass.
umtuqi’a to turn pale
‫ ﳑﻘﺘﻊ‬mumtaqa’ pale, pallid, wan, sallow
‫ ﻣﻘﻞ‬maqala u (maql) to look (‫ ه‬at s.o.), eye, regard (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻘﻠﺔ‬muqla pl. ‫ ﻣﻘﻞ‬muqal eye; eyeball | ‫ ﻣﻘﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﲔ‬m. al-’ain eyeball
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻧﻖ‬maqāniq (= ‫ )ﻧﻘﺎﻧﻖ‬small mutton sausages (syr.)
‫ ﻣﻜﺔ‬makka2 (usually followed by the epithet ‫ اﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ‬al-mukarrama) Mecca
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻜﻲ‬makkī Meccan (adj. and n.)
‫ ﻣﻜﻮك‬makkūk pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻛﻴﻚ‬makākik2 drinking cup; shuttle
‫ ﻣﺎﻛﻮك‬mākūk pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻛﻴﻚ‬mawākik2 drinking cup; shuttle
‫ ﻣﻜـﺚ‬makata u (makt, ‫ ﻣﻜـﻮث‬mukūt) to remain, abide, stay, live, dwell,
reside (‫ ب‬in a place)
‫ ﻣﻜـﺚ‬makt and ‫ ﻣﻜـﻮث‬mukūt remaining, staying, lingering, abiding; stay,
sojourn
‫ ﻣﻜﻮﺟﻲ‬see ‫ﻛﻮى‬
‫( ﻣﻜﺪام‬Engl.) makadām macadam
‫ ﻣﻜﺪوﱐ‬makdūnī Macedonian (adj. and n.)
‫ ﻣﻜﺪوﻧﻴﺎ‬makdūniyā Macedonia
‫ ﻣﻜـﺮ‬makara u (makr) to deceive, delude, cheat, dupe, gull, double-cross
(‫ ب‬s.o.) III to try to deceive (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻜــﺮ‬makr cunning, craftiness, slyness, wiliness, double-dealing,
deception, trickery
‫ ﻣﻜﺮة‬makra ruse, artifice, stratagem, wile, trick, dodge
1488
‫ ﻣﻜـﺎر‬makkār and ‫ ﻣﻜـﻮر‬makūr cunning, sly, crafty, wily, shrewd, artful;

sly, crafty person, impostor, swindler
‫ ﻣﺎﻛﺮ‬mākir pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﺮة‬makara sly, cunning, wily
‫ ﻣﻜﺮوب‬mikrūb pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻜﺎرﻳﺐ‬makārīb2 microbe
‫ ﻣﻜﺮروﻧﻪ‬makarūna macaroni
‫ ﻣﻜـﺲ‬makasa i (mail) and II to collect taxes III to haggle, bargain (‫ ه‬with
s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻜـﺲ‬maks pl. ‫ ﻣﻜـﻮس‬mukūs tax, specif., excise or sales tax; toll, custom,
duty, impost; market dues | ‫اﳌﻜﻮس‬ ‫ دار‬custom-house
‫ ﻣﻜﺎس‬makkās tax collector
‫ اﳌﻜﺴﻴﻚ‬al-maksīk Mexico
‫ اﳌﻜﻰ‬Mukalla (seaport in Aden Protectorate, chief town of Hadhramaut)
1‫ ﻣﻜـﻦ‬makuna u (‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﺔ‬makāna) to be or become strong; to become
influential, gain influence, have influence (‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬with s.o.), have power II to
Confidential
make strong or firm, consolidate, strengthen, cement, establish firmly,
deepen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to lend weight (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to put down or set down firmly
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) a firm stance; to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in a position (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to do

s.th.), give (‫ ه‬s.o.) the possibility (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to do s.th.), enable (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. to do
s.th.), make possible (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬for s.o. s.th.); to place (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.) in s.o.’s (‫)ه‬
hands; to furnish. provide (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.o. with); to give or lend a firm position (‫ل‬
to s.o. to s.th.); to give power (‫ل‬ ‫ ﰲ‬to s.o. over) IV to enable (‫ ﻣﻦ ه‬s.o. to do
s.th.); to be possible, feasible (‫ ه‬for s.o.) | ‫ ﳝﻜﻨـﻪ‬yumkinuhū he can (‫ ان‬do
s.th.); ‫ ﳝﻜـﻦ ان‬it is possible that ...; it may be that ..., possibly ..., perhaps ...,
maybe …; ‫( اﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣـﺎ ﳝﻜـﻦ‬aktara) as much as possible; ‫ ﻻ ﳝﻜـﻦ‬it is impossible
V to have or gain influence, weight, or prestige (‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬with s.o.), have or gain
power; to be native, indigenous, resident; to gain ground; to spread; to be
consolidated, firmly established; to consolidate, strengthen, gain in strength;
to seize (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬on s.th.), possess o.s., take possession (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.); to have
command or mastery (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.), command, muter (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to be in a
position, be able (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to do s.th.), be capable (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), have the power (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to
do s.th.) X to consolidate, strengthen, deepen, become firmly established,
1489
establish itself; to seize (‫ ﻣﻦ‬on s.th.), possess o.s., take possession (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of); to
have command or mastery (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of s.th.), command, master (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to be
able (‫ ﻣﻦ‬to do s.th.), be capable (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
‫ ﻣﻜﻨــﺔ‬mukna, makina power, ability, capacity, capability, faculty;
possibility; strength, firmness, solidity, intensity, force, vigor
‫ ﻣﻜﺎن‬pl. ‫ اﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬,‫ اﻣﻜﻨﺔ‬and ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ‬see ‫ﻛﻮن‬
‫ ﻣﻜـﲔ‬makīn pl. ‫ ﻣﻜﻨـﺎء‬mukanā’2 strong, firm, solid; firmly established,
unshakable; deep-seated, deep-rooted, deeply ingrained, inveterate (feeling);
influential, distinguished, of note, of rank, respected; powerful, potent
‫ اﻣﻜﻦ‬amkan2 see ‫ﻣﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ ﲤﻜــﲔ‬tamkīn strengthening, consolidation, cementation; deepening,
intensification; fixation, establishment; enabling, enablement, capacitation;
livery of seizing, investiture (Isl. Law)
‫ اﻣﻜﺎن‬imkān power, capacity, capability; faculty, ability; possibility | ‫ﺑﻘﺪر‬
‫ اﻹﻣﻜﺎن‬bi-qadri l-i. or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪر اﻹﻣﻜﺎن‬as much as possible, as far as possible;
‫‘ ﻋــﺪم اﻹﻣﻜــﺎن‬adam al-i. impossibility; ‫ ﻋﻨــﺪ اﻹﻣﻜــﺎن‬when (if) possible,
Confidential
possibly; ‫ ﰲ اﻣﻜﺎﻧـﻪ ان‬it is in his power, he is in a position to ...; ‫ﻫـﻮ ﰲ اﻹﻣﻜـﺎن‬
it is in the realm of possibility; ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﰲ اﻹﻣﻜـﺎن‬it is impossible, unthinkable,
inconceivable
‫ اﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬imkānīya pl. -āt possibility; O potential (phys.)
‫ ﲤﻜـﻦ‬tamakkun power, authority, control, mastery, command; ability,
capability,
faculty; restraint, self-control, self-possession (also ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫)ﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬mākin strong, firm, solid, lasting, enduring
‫ ﳑﻜـﻦ‬mumkin possible; thinkable, conceivable | ‫ ﻏـﲑ ﳑﻜـﻦ‬impossible; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ اﳌﻜﻦ ان‬possibly, perhaps, maybe
‫ ﳑﻜﻨﺎت‬mumkināt possibilities
‫ ﻣــﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬mutamakkin an adept, a proficient, a master; strengthened,
cemented; firmly established, firmly fixed; consolidated; deep-rooted, deep-
seated, deeply ingrained, inveterate; lasting, enduring; declinable (gram.) |
‫( ﻣﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻣﻜﻦ‬amkan2) declinable with nunnation, triptote (gram.); ‫ﻣﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻏـﲑ‬
1490
‫اﻣﻜـﻦ‬ (gairu amkana) declinable in two cases, diptote (gram.); ‫ﻏـﲑ ﻣـﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬
indeclinable (gram.); ‫ﺟﻠﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫( ﻣﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﰲ‬jalsatihī) firmly seated
2 ‫ ﻣﻜﻨﺔ‬makina and ‫ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﻨﺔ‬mākīna pl. -āt and ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﺋﻦ‬makā’in2 machine
‫ ﻣﻜﲎ‬makanī mechanical
‫ ﻣﻜﻮﺟﻲ‬see ‫ﻛﻮى‬
2‫ ﻣﻞ‬malla (1st pers. perf. maliltu) a (‫ ﻣﻠﻞ‬malal, ‫ ﻣﻼل‬malāl, ‫ ﻣﻼﻟﺔ‬malāla) to
be or become weary, tired, bored, impatient; to tire, become tired (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of

s.th.), become fed-up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with) | ‫ﳝـﻞ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬indefatigable, untiring, unflagging IV
to be tiresome, irksome, wearisome, boring, tedious, vexatious; to vex,
annoy, irritate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); (= ‫ )اﻣﻠـﻰ‬to dictate (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to s.o.) V to be
wearied, fed-up; to be bored; to be restless, fidgety; to embrace a religion
(‫ ﻣﻠﺔ‬millatan) VIII to embrace a religion (‫ ﻣﻠﺔ‬millatan)
‫ ﻣﻞ‬mall weary, tired, fed-up; bored
‫ ﻣﻠﺔ‬malla hot ashes, live embers
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻠــﺔ‬milla pl. ‫ ﻣﻠــﻞ‬milal religious community; religion, creed, faith,
confession, denomination
‫ ﻣﻠﻰ‬millī religious, confessional, denominational | ‫( ﳎﻠـﺲ ﻣﻠـﻲ‬majlis) court
of justice of a religious minority (in Egypt abolished since 1956)
‫ ﻣﻠﺔ‬mulla pl. ‫ ﻣﻠﻞ‬mulal basting stitch, tacking stitch; spring mattress
‫ ﻣﻠــﻞ‬malal and ‫ ﻣــﻼل‬malāl tiredness, boredom, ennui; listlessness,
weariness; annoyance, irritation, vexation
‫ ﻣﻼل‬mulāl morbid unrest, restlessness fidgetiness, feverishness
‫ ﻣﻼﻟﺔ‬malāla weariness, boredom; impatience; ennui, tedium
‫ ﻣﻠﻮل‬malūl tired, wearied, bored; weary, fed-up, disgusted
‫ ﻣﻠﻰ‬mullā bread baked in hot ashes
‫ ﳑﻠﻮل‬mamlūl offensive, disgusting
‫ ﳑـﻞ‬mumill tiresome, tedious, boring, wearisome, irksome, loathsome,
disagreeable
2‫ ﻣـﻞ‬mill pl. -āt (formerly) the smallest monetary unit in Palestine and
Jordan, 1/1000 of a Palestinian pound
‫ ﻣـﻸ‬mala’a a (‫ ﻣـﻞء‬mal’, ‫ ﻣـﻸة‬mal’a, mil’a) to fill, fill up (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. with); to fill out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a form, a blank); to take up, fill, occupy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬space);
1491
to fill (‫ ﻫـ‬a vacancy) | ‫( ﻣﻸ اﻟﺪﻫﺮ‬dahra) his (its) fame spread far and wide; ‫ﻣﻸ‬
‫( اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺔ‬sā‘ata) to wind up a watch or clock; ‫( ﻣـﻸ ﺷـﺪﻗﻴﻪ ﳍـﻮاء‬šidqaihi bi-l-
hawā’) to puff one’s cheek.; ‫‘( ﻣﻸ اﻟﻌﲔ‬aina) to satisfy completely, please; ‫ﻣﻸ‬
‫( اﻟﻔﻀـﺎء ﻟﺸـﻜﻮى‬faḍā’a bi-š-šakwā) to fill the air with complaints, voice loud
laments; ‫( ﻣـﻸ ﻓـﺎﻩ ب‬fāhu) to talk big about ..., shoot off one’s mouth about
...; -- ‫ ﻣﻠـﺊ‬mali’a to be or become filled, filled up, full, replete III to help,
assist, support, back up (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. in), side (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to make common
cause, join forces (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with s.o. against) IV to fill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., also a vacancy)
V to till, become full; to be filled (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with), be full (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of) VIII to
fill, become full; to be filled (glass; pass.); to be filled (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬with
s.th., ‫ ﻫـ‬also with a feeling), be full (‫ ﻣﻦ‬,‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ب‬of, ‫ ﻫـ‬also of a feeling); to fill
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to fill up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to imbue, fill (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬with a feeling)
‫ ﻣﻞء‬mal’ filling (also, e.g., of vacancies); filling out
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﻞء‬mil’ pl. ‫ اﻣـﻼء‬amlā’ filling, quantity which fills s.th., fill; quantity
contained in s.th. | ‫ء‬
arrogance;
m.
‫ ﻣـﻞء اﻫﺎﺑـﻪ اﻟﻜـﱪ‬m. ihābihī l-kibriyā’u he is all pride and
‫ ﻣـﻞء ﺑﻄﻨـﻪ‬m. baṭnihī as much as one can eat, one’s fill; ‫ﻣـﻞء اﻟﻘـﺪح‬
qadaḥin a cupful; ‫ ﻣـﻞء اﻟﻴـﺪ‬m. al-yad a handful; ‫ ﻣـﻞء ﻛﺴـﺎﺋﻪ‬m. kisā’ihī
corpulent fat; ‫اﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ ﲟﻞء‬bi-m. il-fam in a loud voice; ‫ ﲟﻞء ﻓﻴﻪ‬bi-mil’i fīhi with a
ring of deep conviction (with verbs like “say”, “declare”, “exclaim”, etc.);
loudly, at the top of one’s voice or one’s lungs (with verbs like “shout”,
“cry”, etc.); ‫ﺷﺪﻗﻴﻪ‬ (‫ ﺿﺤﻚ ﲟﻞء )ﻣﻞء‬ḍaḥika bi-mil’i (or mil’a) šidqaihj to grin
from ear to ear; ‫( ﻗـﺎل ﺑﺼـﻮت ﻣﻠـﺆﻩ اﻟﺸـﻔﻘﺔ‬bi-ṣautin mil’uhū ā-šafaqatu) he said
in a voice full of mercy ...; ‫( ﱄ ﻣـﻞء اﳊﺮﻳـﺔ ﰲ‬m. ul-ḥurrīya) I have complete
freedom to ..., I am completely at liberty to ...; ‫( ﻣﻞء‬mauqilan mil'uhil
I-ilium) he ....umed a posture that w...
all determination; ‫ﺣﻴﺎﰐ‬ ‫( اﻧﺖ ﻣﻞء‬ḥayātī) you are all my life; ‫ﻳﻨﺎم ﻣـﻞء ﺟﻔﻨﻴـﻪ‬
(mil’a jafnaihi) he is sound asleep, he sleeps the sleep of the just
‫ ﻣــﻸ‬mala’ pl. ‫ اﻣــﻼء‬amlā’ crowd, gathering, assembly, congregation;
audience; (general) public; council of elders, notables, grandees | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳌـﻸ‬
1492
publicly, in public; ‫اﻟﻌـﺎﱂ‬ ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﻸ‬m. il-‘ālam) for everyone to see, before all
the world; ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫( اﳌﻸ‬a‘lā) the heavenly host, the angels
‫ ﻣـﻼءة‬mulā’a, ‫ ﻣﻼﻳـﺔ‬milāya pl. -āt wrap worn by Egyptian women; sheet,
bed sheet
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﺊ‬,‫ ﻣﻠﻲء‬malī’ full (‫ ب‬of), filled, replete (‫ ب‬with); bulging, swelling (‫ب‬
with); plump; stout, fat, corpulent, obese; rich, abounding (‫ ب‬in); well-to-
do, wealthy; solvent | ‫ ﻣﻠﻲء اﻟﺒﺪن‬m. al-badan stout, fat, corpulent
‫ ﻣـﻶن‬mal’ān, f. ‫ ﻣﻠـﻸى‬mal’ā or ‫ ﻣﻶﻧـﺔ‬pl. ‫ ﻣـﻼء‬milā’ full, filled, replete;
plump, fat
‫ ﳑﺎﻷة‬mumāla’a partiality, bias; collaboration (pol.)
‫ اﻣﻼء‬imlā’ filling (also, e.g., of a vacancy)
‫ اﻣـﺘﻼء‬imtilā’ repletion, fullness; full, round form, plumpness; bulkiness;
fatness, stoutness, corpulence
‫ ﳑﻠﻮء‬mamlū’ filled, filled up; imbued; loaded
‫ ﳑﺎﻟﺊ‬mumāli’ partial, biased, prejudiced; collaborator (pol.)
Confidential
‫ ﳑﺘﻠـﺊ‬mumtali’ full, filled, filled up, replete | ‫ ﳑﺘﻠـﺊ اﳉﺴـﻢ‬m. al-jism stout,
fat, corpulent
‫ ﻣﻼر‬malāriyā malaria
‫ ﻣﻼﻳﻮ‬malāyū, ‫ ﺟﺰر اﳌﻼﻳﻮ‬juzur al-m. the Malayan Archipelago
‫ ﻣﻠﺞ‬malaja u (malj) to suck (‫ ﻫـ‬the mother’s breast) VIII to suck
‫ ﻣﺎﰿ‬mālaj pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﰿ‬mawālij2 trowel
‫ ﻣﻠﺢ‬malaḥa u a and maluḥa u (‫ ﻣﻠﻮح‬mulūḥ, ‫ ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬mulāḥa, ‫ ﻣﻼﺣﺔ‬malāḥa) to
be or become salt(y); -- maluḥa u (‫ ﻣﻼﺣـﺔ‬malāḥa, ‫ﻣﻠﻮﺣـﺔ‬ mulūḥa) to be
beautiful, handsome, pretty, comely, nice, elegant II to salt, season with salt
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to salt away, salt down, preserve with salt, com, cure (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to
be salt(y) X to find (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) beautiful, pretty, nice, or witty
‫ ﻣﻠــﺢ‬milḥ m. and f., pl. ‫ اﻣــﻼح‬amlāḥ, ‫ ﻣــﻼح‬milāḥ salt; gunpowder;
witticism, wittiness, wit, esprit | ‫اﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰي‬
‫ ﻣﻠﺢ‬bitter salt, Epsom salt; ‫ﻣﻠـﺢ اﻟﺒـﺎرود‬
m. al-bārūd saltpeter; gunpowder; ‫ ﻣﻠـﺢ اﻟﻨﺸـﺎدر‬m. an-nušādir sal ammoniac,
ammonium chloride; ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫( اﻣﻼح‬ma‘dinīya) mineral salts
1493
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﻲ‬milhī salt, salty, saline

‫ ﻣﻠﺤﺔ‬milḥa bond, obligation, commitment, covenant
‫ ﻣﻠﺤﺔ‬mulḥa pl. ‫ ﻣﻠﺢ‬mulaḥ funny story, anecdote, bon mot, witticism
‫ ﻣﻼح‬mallāḥ sailor, seaman, mariner; (mar.) ghetto of Moroccan cities
‫ ﻣﻼﺣـﺔ‬malāḥa beauty, grace, gracefulness; elegance; kindness, kindliness,
friendliness, amiability; saltiness, salt taste, saltness, salinity
‫ ﻣﻼﺣـﺔ‬mallāḥa pl. -āt salina, saline spring; saltern, saltworks, salt mine;
saltcellar
‫ ﻣﻼﺣــﺔ‬milāḥa navigation, shipping | ‫( ﻣﻼﺣــﺔ ﲡﺎرﻳــﺔ‬tijārīya) mercantile
shipping, maritime transportation; ‫ﻣﻼﺣـﺔ ﺟﻮﻳــﺔ‬ (jawwīya) aviation; ‫ﻣﻼﺣــﺔ‬
‫( داﺧﻠﻴـﺔ‬dākilīya) inland navigation; ‫( ﻣﻼﺣـﺔ ﺮﻳـﺔ‬nahrīya) river traffic; ‫ﺻـﺎﱀ‬
‫ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺣﺔ‬navigable
‫ ﻣﻼﺣﻲ‬milāḥī navigational, shipping, marine, maritime, nautical
‫ ﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬mulāḥa saltiness, salt taste
‫ ﻣﻠـﻴﺢ‬malīḥ pl. ‫ ﻣـﻼح‬millāḥ, ‫ اﻣـﻼح‬amlāḥ salt, salty, briny, salted; pretty,
Confidential
handsome, comely; beautiful; nice, pleasant, agreeable; witty | (eg.)
‫‘( ﻣﻠﻴﺤﺔ‬alqa) a sound beating
‫ اﻣﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬umlūḥa pl. ‫ اﻣﺎﻟﻴﺢ‬amālīḥ2 joke, anecdote
‫ﻋﻠﻘـﺔ‬
‫ ﳑﻠﺤـﺔ‬mamlaḥa pl. ‫ ﳑـﺎﱀ‬mamāliḥ2 salina; saltern, saltworks; saline spring;

saltcellar
‫ ﲤﻠﻴﺢ‬tamlīḥ salting, salting down, preservation in salt, corning, curing
‫ ﻣﺎﱀ‬māliḥ salt, salty, briny
‫ ﻣﻮاﱀ‬mawāliḥ2 (pl. of ‫ ﻣﺎﳊﺔ‬māliḥa, citrus fruits; (syr.) salted nuts, peanuts,
almonds, etc.
‫ ﳑﻠﻮح‬mamlūḥ salted, salty
‫ ﳑﻠﺢ‬mumallaḥ salted; salted down, corned, cured
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﻠﺢ‬mustamlaḥ brilliant, witty, bright, clever, interesting
1‫ ﻣﻠـﺦ‬malaka a (malk) to pull out, tear out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wrench, dislocate,
luxate (‫ ﻫـ‬a joint) VIII to pull out, extract (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻣﻠﻴﺦ‬malīk tasteless, insipid
1494
2‫ ﻣﻠﻮﺧﻴﺔ‬mulūlkīya Jew’s mallow (Corchorus olitorius; bot.) cultivated as a

pot herb; a thick soup made of this herb (eg., syr.)
‫ ﻣﻠﺪ‬malida a (malad) to be tender (esp., twig)
‫ اﻣﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬amalīd2 tender twigs
‫ اﻣﻠﺪ‬amlad2, f. ‫ ﻣﻠﺪاء‬maldā’ tender, flexible
‫ ﻣﻠـﺲ‬malisa a and malusa u (‫ ﻣﻼﺳـﺔ‬malāsa, ‫ ﻣﻠﻮﺳـﺔ‬mulūsa) to be smooth,
level, even II to make smooth, to smooth, level, even (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make
slippery (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pass the hand, brush (with the hand) (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over), stroke,
caress (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.) V to become smooth; to glide, slide, slip; to grope; to slip
away, escape VII (also ‫ اﻣﻠـﺲ‬immalasa) to become smooth; to glide, slide,

slip; to slip away; to escape
‫ ﻣﻠﺲ‬malas (eg.) a thin outer garment; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬silk fabric for women’s dresses
‫ ﻣﻠﺲ‬malis smooth, sleek
‫ ﻣﻼﺳﺔ‬malāsa smoothness
‫ اﻣﻠﺲ‬amlas 2, f. ‫ ﻣﻠﺴﺎء‬malsā’2, pl. ‫ ﻣﻠﺲ‬muls smooth, sleek
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻠـﺺ‬maliṣa a (malaṣ) to glide, slide, slip; to slip away, escape; to
disengage o.s., free o.s., (‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ,‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from an obligation), rid o.s. (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬,‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of) V
to rid o.s. (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of), shirk, dodge, evade (‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻠﺺ‬maliṣ smooth, sleek, slippery
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﺺ‬malīṣ smooth, seleek, slippery; miscarried fetus, stillborn child
‫ ﲤﻠﺺ‬tamalluṣ slipping away, escaping, escape
1‫ ﻣﻠـﻂ‬malaṭa u (malṭ) to plaster with mud or mortar (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a wall); to shave
off (‫ ﻫـ‬hair) II to mortar, plaster (‫ ﻫـ‬a wall)

‫ ﻣﻠﻂ‬malṭ (eg.) stark naked | ‫‘( ﻋﺮ ن ﻣﻠﻂ‬uryān) stark naked
‫ ﻣﻠﻂ‬milṭ pl. ‫ اﻣﻼط‬amlāt, ‫ ﻣﻠﻮط‬mulūṭ dishonorable, discreditable; scoundrel
| ‫ﻣﻠﻂ‬‫ ﺧﻠﻂ‬kilṭ milṭ or kalṭ malṭ pell-mell, in confusion
‫ ﻣﻼط‬milāṭ pl. ‫ ﻣﻠﻂ‬muluṭ mortar
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻂ‬malīṭ and ‫ اﻣﻠﻂ‬amlaṭ pl. ‫ ﻣﻠﻂ‬mulṭ hairless
2 ‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻄﺔ‬malṭa Malta
1495
‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻄﻲ‬malṭī Maltese (adj. and n.)

‫ ﻣﻠـﻖ‬maliqa a (malaq) to flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.) U = I; to even, level, plane (‫ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) III = I IV to become poor, impoverished, be reduced to poverty V to
flatter (‫ل‬,‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻠﻖ‬maliq and ‫ ﻣﻼق‬mallāq flatterer, adulator
‫ ﻣﻠـﻖ‬malaqa pl. -āt, ‫ اﻣﻠـﻖ‬amlaq (eg.) Egyptian mile, league, the distance of
approximately one hour’s walk
‫ ﳑﻠﻘﺔ‬mimlaqa planer, leveler; roller
‫ ﲤﻠﻴﻖ‬tamlīq and ‫ ﲤﻠﻖ‬tamalluq flattery, adulation
‫ ﻣﻠـﻚ‬malaka i (malk, mulk, milk) to take in possession, take over, acquire
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), seize, lay hands (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on), possess o.s., take possession, lay hold (‫ﻫ ـ‬
of); to possess, own, have (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), be the owner (‫ ﻫـ‬of); to dominate, control
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.): to be master (‫ ﻫـ‬of); to role, reign, exercise power or authority, hold
sway, lord it (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬over); to be capable (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), be equal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to be
Confidential
able, be in a position (‫ ان‬or ‫ﻫـ‬ to do s.th.) | ‫( ﻣﻠﻜــﻪ اﻟﻐــﻴﻆ‬gaiẓ) anger
overwhelmed him, got the better of him; ‫( ﻣﻠــﻚ ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ ﲨﻴــﻊ ﻣﺸــﺎﻋﺮﻩ‬jamī‘a
mašā‘irihī) to dominate s.o.’s every thought and deed, be uppermost in s.o.’s
mind; ‫ﺣﺴـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻣﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ḥissahū) to take possession of s.o.’s feelings; ‫ﻣﻠـﻚ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫( ﻟﺒﻪ‬lubbahū) to preoccupy s.o.’s heart; ‫( ﻣﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬nafsahū) to lay hold of
s.o.’s soul, dominate s.o.’s thinking, affect s.o. deeply, stir up, arouse, excite
s.o.;‫( ﻣﻠـﻚ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ اﻣﺮﻫـﺎ‬amrahā) to have o.s. under control, keep one’s
temper; ‫‘( ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺎء‬ainaini, bukā’) to hold back the tears; ‫ﻣﻠﻚ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
(nafsahū) to control o.s., restrain o.s.; ‫ ﱂ ﳝﻠـﻚ ان‬he could not refrain from ...,
he couldn’t help it, he had to ...; ‫ﳝﻴﻨـﻪ‬ (‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻣﻠﻜـﺖ )ﳝﻠـﻚ‬yamīnuhū) his fortune,
his property, his possessions II and IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) the owner; to put (‫ه‬
s.o.) in possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), transfer (‫ ه‬to s.o.) ownership (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to transfer,
assign, make over, convey (‫ه‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ to s.o. s.th.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) king or
sovereign (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over) V to take in possession, take over, appropriate, acquire
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th., ‫ ه‬of s.o.), seize, lay hands (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.),
lay hold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to possess, own, have (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be in possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of);
1496
to become king or sovereign (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over); to become prevalent, become fixed,

take root (habit) VI to gain control (‫ ﻫـ‬over a feeling, ‫ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬nafsahū over o.s.);
to control o.s., restrain o.s., hold back; to refrain, keep (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from s.th.) | ‫ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ ﲤﺎﻟـﻚ ﻋـﻦ‬he couldn’t help (doing s.th.), he couldn’t refrain from ... VIII to
possess, own, have (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to gain, win (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to acquire (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫اﻣﺘﻠﻚ‬
‫( ﻧﻮاﺻـﻲ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬nawāṣiya š-šai’) to b. master of s.th., rule over s.th. X to
appropriate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), take possession (‫ ﻫـ‬of); to dominate, control (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
possess, own, have (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to master (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻠــﻚ‬mulk rule, reign, supreme authority, dominion, domination,
dominance, sway, power; sovereignty, kingship, royalty; monarchy; tenure,
holding, right of possession, possessory right, ownership
‫ ﻣﻠـﻚ‬mill: pl. ‫ اﻣـﻼك‬amlāk property, possessions, goods and chattels,
fortune, wealth; estate; landed property, real estate; pl. possessions (=
colonies); lands, landed property, estates | ‫اﻣـﻼك اﻣﲑﻳـﺔ‬ (amīrīya) or ‫اﻣـﻼك‬
‫اﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠـﻚ ﺑـﺖ‬
Confidential
government lands; landed property, real property, real
estate, realty, immovables; ‫ ﻣﻠـﻚ ﻣﻨﻘـﻮل‬personal estate, personal property,

personality, movables; ‫( اﻣــﻼك ﻣﺒﻨﻴــﺔ‬mabnīya) developed lots, real estate
developments; ‫ ذو اﻷﻣــﻼك‬,‫ ﺻــﺎﺣﺐ اﻷﻣــﻼك‬landowner; ‫( ﻣﻠــﻚ اﻣــﲑي‬amīrī)
government property; ‫( ﻣﻠــﻚ ﻣﻄﻠــﻖ‬muṭlaq) general property, fee simple

(absolute) (Isl. Law); ‫ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ‬joint property, joint tenancy, co-ownership
‫ ﻣﻠﻚ‬malik pl. ‫ ﻣﻠﻮك‬mulūk, ‫ اﻣﻼك‬amlāk king, sovereign, monarch
‫ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ‬malika pl. -āt queen | ‫ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ اﳉﻤﺎل‬m. al-jamāl beauty queen
‫ ﻣﻠﻚ‬malak (for ‫ )ﻣﻸك‬angel | ‫ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺣﺎرس‬guardian angel
‫ ﻣﻠﻜـﻲ‬mulkī posessory, possessive, proprietary; civilian, civil (as opposed
to military) | ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﺑﺪﻟﺔ‬badla) civilian clothes; ‫( ﻣﻮﻇـﻒ ﻣﻠﻜـﻲ‬muwaẓẓaf) civil
servant
‫ ﻣﻠﻜــﻲ‬malakī royal, kingly, regal; monarchic, sovereign; monarchist;
angelic
‫ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬malakīya monarchy, kingship, royalty
1497
‫ ﻣﻠﻜﻴـﺔ‬milkīya pl. -āt property; ownership (jur.) | ‫( اﳌﻠﻜﻴـﺔ اﻟﻜـﱪى‬kubrā) large

landed property; ‫اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻧﺰع‬naz‘ al-m. expropriation, dispossession
‫ ﻣﻠﻜـﺔ‬malaka pl. -āt trait of character, natural disposition, aptitude, bent;
gift, faculty, talent, knack
‫ ﻣﻠﻜـﻮت‬malakūt realm, kingdom, empire; kingship, royalty, sovereignty |
‫ ﻣﻠﻜﻮت اﻟﺴﻤﺎوات‬m. as-samāwāt the Kingdom of Heaven (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﻠﻜﻮﰐ‬malakūtī divine, heavenly
‫ ﻣﻼك‬malāk, milāk foundation, basis, fundament, essential prerequisite
‫ ﻣـﻼك‬milāk (tun.) betrothal, engagement; engagement present (of the
fiancé to the prospective bride)
‫ ﻣﻠﻮﻛﻲ‬mulukī royal, kingly, regal; monarchic; monarchist
‫ ﻣ ــﻼك‬mallākīya monarchic rule, monarchism, kingship, royalty;
monarchist leaning
‫ ﻣـﻼك‬mallāk pl. -ūn owner, proprietor; landowner, landholder, landed
proprietor | ‫اﳌﻠﻜﲔ‬ ‫ ﻛﺒﺎر‬kibār al-m. large landowners
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻼﻛﻲ‬mallākī private
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻚ‬malīk pl. ‫ ﻣﻠﻜﺎء‬mulakā’ king; possessor, owner, proprietor
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻜﺔ‬malīka queen
‫ ﳑﻠﻜـﺔ‬mamlaka pl. ‫ ﳑﺎﻟـﻚ‬mamālik2 kingdom, empire, state, country; royal
power, sovereignty
‫ ﲤﻠﻴﻚ‬tamlīk transfer of ownership, conveyance of property, alienation
‫ ﲤﻠـﻚ‬tamalluk taking possession, occupancy, seizure; possession; right or
possession, possessory right, tenure, holding; domination, control, mastery
‫ ﲤﺎﻟﻚ‬tamāluk self-control
‫ اﻣـﺘﻼك‬imtilāk taking possession, occupancy, seizure; possession; right or
possession, possessory right, tenure, holding; domination, control, mastery |
‫ اﻣﺘﻼك اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬imt. an-nafs self-control
‫ اﻣــﺘﻼك‬imtilāk pl. -āt acquisition; appropriation, taking possession,
occupancy, seizure
‫ ﻣﺎﻟــﻚ‬mālik pl. ‫ ﻣــﻼك‬mullāk, ‫ ﻣﻠــﻚ‬mullak reigning, ruling; owning,
possessing, holding; owner, proprietor, master, possessor, holder | ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﳊﺰﻳﻦ‬
heron (zool.)
1498
‫ ﻣـﺎﻟﻜﻲ‬mālikī Malikite, belonging to the Malikite school of theology; a

Maliki
‫ اﳌﺎﻟﻜﻴﺔ‬al-mālikīya the Malikite school of theology
‫ ﳑﻠـﻮك‬mamlūk owned (‫ ل‬by), in possession (‫ ل‬of), belonging (‫ ل‬to); (pl.
‫ ﳑﺎﻟﻴـﻚ‬mamālīk2) white slave, mameluke; Mameluke | ‫ ﻏـﲑ ﳑﻠـﻮك‬incapable of
individual possession, (res) extra commercium (Isl. Law)
‫ ﳑﻠﻚ‬mumallik assignor, transferor, conveyer, alienator
‫ ﳑﺘﻠـﻚ‬mumtalak owned, in possession; pl. ‫ ﳑﺘﻠﻜـﺎت‬mumtalakāt property;
estates, landed property; possessions, dependencies, colonies | ‫ﳑﺘﻠﻜـﺎت اﻣﲑﻳـﺔ‬
(amīrīya) government property; ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫( اﳌﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت‬mustaqilla) the Dominions
‫ ﻣﻠﻤـﻞ‬malmala to hurry, hasten; to make restless, make fidgety (‫ ه‬s.o.) II
tamalmala to murmur; to mumble, mumble into one’s beard; to grumble, be
disgruntled, be angry; to be restlessness, fidgety, nervous; to twitch
nervously; to be or become wavering, uncertain
‫ ﻣﻠﻤﻠــﺔ‬malmala and ‫ ﲤﻠﻤــﻞ‬tamalmul unrest, restlessness, fidgetiness,
nervousness
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻠﻨﺨﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬malakōliyā melancholia
1‫)ﻣﻠـﻮ‬ ‫ )ﻣـﻼ‬malā u (malw) to walk briskly, run II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.) enjoy (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) for a long time (said of God) IV to dictate (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
enjoy (‫ﻫـ‬
,‫ ب‬,‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.) X to take from dictation (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. .s.th.) V to
‫ ﻣﻼ‬malā pl. ‫ اﻣﻼء‬amlā’ open country, open tract of land; steppe, desert
‫ اﳌﻠﻮان‬al-malawān day and night
‫ ﻣﻠﻮة‬malwa malouah, a dry measure (Eg. = 2 4.125 = ‫ ﻗﺪح‬l)
‫ ﻣﻠـﻲ‬malīy (relatively long) period of time; ‫ ﻣﻠﻴـﺎ‬malīyan for quite a while,
for a long time
‫ اﻣﻼء‬imlā’ dictation; O transmission (of a telephone message)
2 ‫ ﻣﻼﻳـﺔ‬milāya pl. -āt (< ‫ ﻣـﻼءة‬mulā’a) wrap worn by Egyptian women;
sheet, bed sheet
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﺔ‬malīya pl. ‫ ﻣﻼ‬malāyā (tun.) garment of sedouin women
‫( ﻣﻠﻴﺎر‬Fr.) milyār pl. -āt (U.S.) billion, (G.s.) milliard
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﺠﺮام‬milligrām pl. -āt milligram
1499
‫( ﻣﻠـﻴﻢ‬Fr. millième) mallīm, malīm pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻼﻟـﻴﻢ‬malālīm2 the smallest

monetary unit in Egypt (= 1/1000 pound); see also under ‫ﻟﻮم‬
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻤﱰ‬millīmitr pl. -āt millimeter
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮن‬malyūn pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻼﻳﲔ‬malāyīn2 million | ‫ اﺻﺤﺎب اﳌﻼﻳﲔ‬millionaires
‫ ﻣﻢ‬mm. abbreviation of millimeter
‫ ﳑﺎ‬mimmā, shortened form ‫ ﻣﻢ‬mimma = min mā
‫ ﳑﻦ‬mimman = min man
2‫ ﻣـﻦ‬man 1. (interr. pron.) who? which one? which ones? 2. (relative
pron.) who; the one who; those who; one who; whoever, whosoever,
everyone who, he who
2‫ ﻣـﻦ‬min (prep.) 1. of; some, some of, (a) part of; belonging to, pertaining
to, from among | ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻛـﺎن‬to belong or pertain to, be among …, fall under ...;
‫( ﻣـﻦ ذﻟـﻚ ان‬anna) among other things ...; ‫( ﻣـﻨﻬﻢ ﻣـﻦ‬man) some of them; ‫ﻣـﻨﻬﻢ‬
‫ ﻣـﻦ – وﻣـﻨﻬﻢ ﻣـﻦ‬some of them -- others ..., there are (were) those who -- and
others who ...; ‫( رﺟـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﻗـﺮﻳﺶ‬rajul) a man of the Koreish tribe; ‫ﻳـﻮم ﻣـﻦ اﻷ م‬
Confidential
(yaum, ayyām) some day, some day or other; ‫( اﻣـﺮ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻣـﻮر‬amr) s.th. or
other, some affair, some business;
some) of the food;

‫اﻛـﻞ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻄﻌـﺎم‬ (ṭa‘ām) he ate (a little,
‫ ﻣـﺎ راﻳﺘـﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻜﺘـﺐ‬mā ra’aituhū min saling-kutub (what I

have seen of the books =) the books I have seen; ‫( ﻣﺎ راﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ‬what I have
seen of books =) what(ever) books I have seen; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺷـﺮﻳﻚ‬God has no
partner whatsoever; ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﺣـﺪ ﻳﻘـﺪر‬aḥadin yaqdiru) nobody can ...; ‫ﻣـﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫( ﺷﺨﺺ‬šakṣin) there ia absolutely none who ...
consisting of, made of, of (material) | ‫( ﺛـﻮب ﻣـﻦ ﺣﺮﻳـﺮ‬taub) a garment of
silk, a silk dress
at, on (time) | ‫اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬ ‫( ﻣـﻦ‬lail) at night; ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﻳﻮﻣـﻪ‬yaumihī) on the very same
day; ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬at that moment, at once, right away
at, on, by (place) | ‫( ﻫﺰﻩ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻨﻜﺒـﻪ‬hazzahū, mankibihī) he shook him by the
shoulder
like, as, such as, as for instance; namely, to wit | ‫ﺻﻔﺎت ازﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﻘﺪرة‬
‫( واﻹرادة‬ṣifāt azalīya, ‘ilm, qudra, irāda) eternal attributes such as knowledge,
1500
power, volition; ‫( اذا ﺻـﺢ ﻣـﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺘـﻪ اﳉﺮاﺋـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ان‬ṣaḥḥa) if what the newspapers
say is true, namely that ...
in an exclamation: ‫ﻃﻮﳍـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ‬ yā ṭūlahā min lailatin oh, the length of
the night! what a long night it is! ‫ ﻣـﺎ اﺧﻔـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﲪـﻞ‬mā akaffahū min ḥimlin
how light a burden it is! ‫ﳐﺒﻮل‬ ‫( وﳛﻪ ﻣﻦ‬waiḥahū) woe to this fool!
in relation to, with respect to, toward | ‫ ﻣﻘﺎﺻـﺪ اﳌﺎﻧﻴـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺎ‬Germany’s
intentions as far as Turkey is concerned
substituting for an accusative (originally, in a partitive sense): ‫اذﻛـﻰ ذﻟـﻚ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻮﳍﺎ‬this kindled her curiosity
2. from, away from, out of, from the direction of | ‫ﻫﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ اﺧـﺮج ﻣـﻦ‬ukruj min
hunā get out of here! ‫ ﺟـﺎء ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻐـﺪاد‬he came from Baghdad; ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﻃـﺮف‬ṭarafi)
and ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬qibal) on the part of, on the side of, from, by; ‫ اﱃ‬-- ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from --
(up) to; ‫ﻛـﺎن ﻣﻨـﻪ واﻟﻴـﻪ‬ (wa-ilaihi) to depend entirely on s.o., he inseparable
from s.o., appertain to s.o.; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻨﻬﻢ‬what share they had in ..., to what
Confidential
extent they were involved in ..., what part they played in …
from, beginning , starting ..., since, for; after | ‫ﺷـﻬﺮ‬
‫( ﻣـﻦ‬šahr) for a month
(past), since one month ago; ‫( ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪة‬mudda) for some time (in the past); ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫( ا م ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳊﻮادث‬ba‘da ayyāmin) a few days after these events

of, by, at, about (denoting the source of one’s fear, fright, alarm,
apprehension, etc.). e.g., ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ ﺧﺎف‬,‫ ﻓﺰع ﻣﻦ‬etc.
against, from (with verb, denoting protection, defense, warning, freeing,
exemption), e.g., ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ اﻋﻔﺎﻩ‬,‫ ﺣﺮرﻩ ﻣﻦ‬,‫ ﲪﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ‬,‫ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬, etc.
through, by, via, (with verb, of motion to denote the way, route, or
means) | ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬ ‫ دﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ‬he entered through the gate; ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺮادﻳﻮ‬by radio
than (with the comparative) | ‫ اﻗﻮى ﻣـﻦ‬aqwā min an too strong as to ..., too
strong for ...
due to, owing to, for, because of; at, about (with verbs denoting
emotions; as, for instance, “be amazed”, “be delighted”, “he glad”, etc.),
e.g., ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ دﻫﺶ‬,‫ﺗﻌﺠﺐ ﻣﻦ‬, etc.
by, through (with the passive to indicate the doer, agent, perpetrator)
as to compounds such as ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬,‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻏـﲑ‬,‫ ﻣـﻦ دون‬,‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﻴـﺚ‬,‫ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬ see
under the second word
1501
3‫ ﻣـﻦ‬manna u (mann) to he kind, kindly, benign, gracious, benevolent,
obliging (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to or toward, s.o.); to show, grant, or do s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a favor,

bestow blessings, benefits, favors (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.); to grant, award, present,
give (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.), confer, bestow graciously (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o. s.th.),
bless (‫ ب ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. with), inspire (‫ ب ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. with; of God) IV to tire, fatigue,
weaken (‫ ه‬s.o.), sap the strength (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of s.o.) V do. VIII to be kind, kindly,
benign, gracious, benevolent, obliging (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to or toward s.o.), to show,
grant, or do s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a favor, bestow blessings, benefits, favors (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon
s.o.); to bestow or confer most graciously (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ب‬upon s.o. s.th.), kindly
grant, award, or give (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.)
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬mann gracious bestowal; favor; benefit, blessing, boon; gift, present,
largess; honeydew; manna; (pl. ‫ اﻣﻨـﺎن‬amnān) a weight of 2 ‫ رﻃـﻞ‬raṭl | ‫ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﲟﻨـﻪ‬
by the grace of God
‫ ﻣﻨــﺔ‬minna pl. ‫ ﻣــﻨﻦ‬minan grace; kindness, kindliness, good will,
Confidential
friendliness, amiability, graciousness, benevolence, benignity; favor, act of
kindness, benefit, blessing, boon, gift, present
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬munna pl. ‫ ﻣـﻨﻦ‬munan strength, vigor, stamina | ‫ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ اﳌﻨـﺔ‬strong,
vigorous, sturdy
‫ ﻣﻨﺎن‬mannān kind, kindly, benign, gracious; munificent, liberal, generous;
benefactor; ‫( اﳌﻨﺎن‬one of the attributes of God) the Benefactor
‫ ﻣﻨﻮن‬manūn fate, destiny; fate of death, death
‫ اﻣﺘﻨﺎن‬grateful obligation, indebtedness, obligedness, gratitude
‫ ﳑﻨـﻮن‬indebted, obligated, obliged, grateful, thankful (‫ ل‬to s.o.); weak,
languid
‫ ﳑﻨﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬mamnūnīya grateful obligation, indebtedness, obligedness, gratitude
‫ ﳑﱳ‬mumtann indebted. much obliged (‫ ل‬to s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻮل‬mintūl menthol
‫ ﻣﻨﺠﻨﻴﻖ‬manjanīq f., pl. -āt, ‫ ﳎﺎﻧﻖ‬majāniq2 mangonel, ballista, catapult
‫ ﻣﻨﺠﻮ‬mangū mango
‫ ﻣـﻨﺢ‬manaḥa a (manḥ) to grant, give, accord, award (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.),
bestow, confer (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬upon s.o. s.th.) III to bestow favor (‫ ه‬upon s.o.)
1502
‫ ﻣﻨﺢ‬manḥ granting, giving, donation, bestowal, conferment, award(ing)

‫ ﻣﻨﺤــﺔ‬minḥa pl. ‫ ﻣــﻨﺢ‬minaḥ act of kindness; privilege; gift, present,
donation, grant, favor, benefit, benefaction; compensation; remuneration,
allowance, indemnity (jur.); scholarship, stipend | ‫ ﻣﻨﺤـﺔ اﻹﻗﺎﻣـﺔ‬m. al-iqāma
living allowance; ‫( ﻣﻨﺤـﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴـﺔ‬jāmi‘īya) academic scholarship; ‫ﻣﻨﺤـﺔ اﻟﺴـﻜﲎ‬
m. as-suknā housing allowance, rent allowance
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﺢ‬māniḥ donor, giver, granter
1‫ ﻣﻨﺪل‬mandal see ‫ﻧﺪل‬
2‫ ﻣﻨـﺪﻳﻞ‬mandīl, mindīl pl. ‫ﻣﻨﺎدﻳـﻞ‬ manādīl2 kerchief; handkerchief; head

kerchief
‫ ﻣﻨـﺬ‬mundu and ‫ ﻣـﺬ‬mud 1. (prep.) since, for; ago | ‫( ﻣﻨـﺬ ﺷـﻬﺮ‬šahr) for a
month (past), since one month ago; a month ago; ‫( ﻣﻨـﺬ ا م‬ayyām) for the
past few days; a few days ago; ‫‘( ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻋﻘـﺪ ﻗﺮﻳـﺐ‬aqd) of late, lately, recently;
‫( ﻣﻨـﺬ اﻵن‬āna) from now on, henceforth; ‫( ﻣﻨـﺬ اﻟﻴـﻮم‬yaum) as of today, from
this day on
Confidential
2. (conj.) since, ever since, from the time when |
(ṭiflan) since I was a small child
‫ﻣﻨـﺬ ﻛﻨـﺖ ﻃﻔـﻼ ﺻـﻐﲑا‬
‫ ﲝﺮ اﳌﻨﺶ‬baḥr al-manš the Sea of Le Manche, i.e., the English Channel

‫ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬manšūbīya (from Copt. manšōpi) cell, living quarters (Copt.-Chr.)
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﻮري‬manšūrī Manchurian
‫ ﻣﻨﺼﻮن‬manṣūn monsoon
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﺮ‬manṭara to threw down, toss down
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ‬manṭaqa to gird (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with) II to gird o.s., swathe o.s. (‫ ب‬with),
wind around one’s body (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻮﻓﻠﺔ‬manṭūfla (syr.) slipper
‫ ﻣﻨـﻊ‬mana‘a a (man‘) to stop, detain, keep from entering or passing (‫ه‬
s.o.); to hinder, prevent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from), keep, restrain, hold
back (‫ ه‬s.o. ‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); to bar, block, obstruct (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.’s way or access
to); to withdraw, take away (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬from s.o. s.th.), deprive (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or
‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. of); to forbid, interdict (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), prohibit
1503
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. from); to decline to accept, declare impossible or out of

the question (‫ ان‬that); to refuse, deny (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.), withhold
(‫ ﻋﻦ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from s.o.); to stop, cease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬doing s.th., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with regard to
s.o.), abstain, refrain (‫ ﻫـ‬from doing s.th., ‫ ﻋﻦ‬with regard to s.o.); to ward off,
avert, keep, keep away (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. from s.o.); to protect, guard (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o.
from), defend (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬against); -- manu‘a u (‫ ﻣﻨـﺎع‬manā‘, ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻋـﺔ‬
manā‘a) to be strongly fortified, inaccessible, impregnable; to be
unconquerable, invincible, insurmountable II to fortify, strengthen, make
inaccessible (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to put up resistance, act in opposition (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
oppose, counteract (‫ ه‬s.o.), work against s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to stand up, rise (‫ ه‬against
s.o.); to resist, oppose (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), offer resistance, object, raise objections (‫ﰲ‬
to s.th.), revolt, rebel (‫ ﰲ‬against s.th.); to refuse, deny (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.) V to
refuse, decline (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to do s.th.); to desist, refrain, abstain, keep (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from
s.th., from doing s.th.), forbear, leave off (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), stop, cease (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬doing
Confidential
s.th.), avoid (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. or doing s.th.); to be or become inaccessible,
unassailable, impregnable; to strengthen, grow in strength; to seek
protection (‫ ب‬with or in) VIII to refrain, abstain, keep (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from doing s.th.),
forbear (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.), stop, cease (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬doing s.th.); to be prevented (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to
be impossible (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.); to refuse (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to do s.th.), decline, turn down

(‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); to refuse to have anything to do (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with), keep aloof (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬from)
‫ ﻣﻨــﻊ‬man‘ hindering, impeding, obstruction; prevention, obviation,
preclusion; prohibition, interdiction, ban, injunction; closure, stop,
discontinuation, embargo; withdrawal, deprival, dispossession; withholding,
detention
‫ ﻣﻨﻌ ــﺔ‬manra resistance, power, force, vigor, strength, stamina,
insuperability, invincibility
‫ ﻣﻨﻴـﻊ‬manī‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﻌـﺎء‬muna‘ā’ unapproachable, inaccessible, impervious,
impenetrable, forbidding; well-fortified; mighty, strong, powerful;
impregnable, unconquerable; insurmountable, insuperable, invincible,
immune | ‫اﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﻴﻊ‬strong, unassailable; ‫ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﻣﻨﻴﻊ‬insurmountable barrier
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻋ ــﺔ‬manā‘a inaccessibility; strength, impregnability; hardiness,
sturdiness, power of resistance; immunity (to a disease, also dipl.);
imperviousness, impermeability, impenetrability, forbiddingness
1504
‫ اﻣﻨﻊ‬amna‘2 harder to get at, more forbidding; offering greater resistance

‫ ﳑﺎﻧﻌــﺔ‬mumāna‘a opposition; resistance, revolt, rebellion; O inductive
resistance (el.)
‫ ﲤﻨﻊ‬tamannu‘ rejection, refusal
‫ اﻣﺘﻨ ــﺎع‬imtinā‘ refraining, abstention (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬from); refusal, denial;
impossibility
‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬māni‘ hindering, forbidding, etc., see 1; preventive; prohibitive; - (pl.
‫ ﻣﻮاﻧـﻊ‬mawāni‘2) hindrance, obstacle, obstruction; impediment; a preventive,
preservative, prophylactic; objection; (pl. -āt) O cutout, anti-interference
device (radio) | ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻌـﺎ‬
‫( ﻣـﺎ رأى‬ra’ā) to have no objections; ‫ ﻻ ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ‬māni‘a there
is nothing in the way, nothing prevents me (you, etc.) from (‫)ﻋﻦ‬
‫ ﳑﻨــﻮع‬mamnā‘ forbidden, prohibited, banned, interdicted; indeclinable
(gram.) | ‫اﻟﺘـﺪﺧﲔ‬ ‫ ﳑﻨـﻮع‬no smoking! ‫ ﳑﻨـﻮع اﻟـﺪﺧﻮل‬no admittance! keep out! off
limits!
‫ ﳑﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬mamnū‘īya forbiddenness
‫ ﳑﺘﻨــﻊ‬mumtani‘ refraining, abstaining, forbearing; rejecting, refusing;
Confidential
prevented; forbidden, interdicted, prohibited, banned; inaccessible (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to
s.o.); forbidding, inscrutable, impenetrable, elusive; difficult to imitate;
impossible
‫ ﻣﻨﻐﻨﻴﺲ‬manganīs manganese
‫ ﻣﻨﻐﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬mungūliyā Mongolia
‫( ﻣﻨﻔﻴﻼ‬It. manovella) manafella crank
‫ ﻣﻨﻠﻮج‬manalōg see ‫ﻣﻨﻮﻟﻮج‬
(‫ ﻣﻨـﻮ‬and ‫ﻣﻨـﺎ‬
(‫ ﻣـﲎ‬manā u (manw) and ‫ ﻣـﲎ‬manā i (many) to put to the test,
try, tempt, afflict (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with; of God); pass. ‫ ﻣـﲏ‬muniya to be afflicted
(‫ ب‬with), be sorely tried (‫ ب‬by), suffer, sustain, undergo, experience (‫ب‬
s.th.), be affected, hit, smitten, stricken (‫ ب‬by); to find by good luck, be so

fortunate as to find (‫ ل‬s.th.) II to awaken the desire (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬in s.o. for),
make s.o. (‫ )ه‬wish (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) hope (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), give (‫ه‬
s.o.) reason to hope (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), raise hopes (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـﻬ ـ‬of) in s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to
promise (‫ ب ه‬,‫ ان‬s.o. that) | ‫( ﻣـﲎ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ب‬nafsahū) to indulge in the hope of
1505
..., have every hope that ... IV to shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬blood); to emit, ejaculate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
sperm) V to desire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), wish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.; ‫ ﻫ ـ ل‬s.o. s.th.) X to practice
onanism, masturbate
‫ ﻣﲎ‬manan and ‫ ﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬manīya pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎ‬manāyā fate, destiny, lot; fate of death;
death
‫ ﻣﲎ‬minan semen, sperm
‫ ﻣﻨﻮي‬minawī seminal, spermatic
‫ ﻣﲎ‬minan m. and minā f. the valley of Mina near Mecca
‫ ﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬munya, minya pl. ‫ ﻣﲎ‬munan wish, desire; object of desire
‫ اﻣﻨﻴـﺔ‬umnīya pl. ‫ اﻣـﺎن‬amānin, ‫ اﻣـﺎﱐ‬amānīy wish, demand, claim, desire,
longing, aspiration
‫ ﲤﻨﻴﺔ‬tamniya and ‫ اﻣﻨﺎء‬imnā’ emission, ejaculation of the sperm
‫ ﲤﻦ‬tamannin pl. -āt wish; desire; request
‫ اﺳﺘﻤﻨﺎء‬istimnā’ self-pollution, masturbation, onanism
‫ ﻣﻨﻮﻟﻮج‬manolōj, monolōg pl. -āt monologue; (cabaret) act | ‫ﻣﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟـﺎت ﻓﻜﺎﻫﻴـﺔ‬
Confidential
(fukāhīya) skits, comic sketches, music-hall songs
‫ ﻣﻨﻮﻣﱰ‬manūmitr pl. -āt manometer, pressure gauge
‫ اﳌﻨﻴﺎ‬al-minyā El Minya (city in central Egypt)
‫ ﻣﻬﺠـﺔ‬muhja pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﺞ‬muhaj, ‫ ﻣﻬﺠـﺎت‬muhajāt lifeblood, heartblood; heart;
innermost self, intrinsic nature, core; soul; life | ‫ﻃﻌﻨــﺖ اﻵﻣــﺎل ﰲ ﻣﻬﺠﺘﻬــﺎ‬
(ṭu‘inat) hopes received the deathblow
‫ ﻣﻬـﺪ‬II to spread out evenly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to smooth, smoothen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
pave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a road); to flatten, plane, make even or level (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.): to arrange,
settle, straighten, put in order (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to free from obstacles, clear, pave (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.; esp., the way, ‫ ل‬for or to); to make easy, facilitate, ease, make easily
accessible (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.): to get ready, prepare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a bed,
etc.); to pass (‫ اﻟﻜــﺮة‬al-kurata the ball, ‫ ل‬to s.o.); (verb alone, without
qualifying direct object) to pave, open, clear, or prepare the way (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬for
s.th. by or with), open, prepare, begin, start, initiate, bring about, set in
motion (‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ s.th. by or with) V to be paved, be clear or cleared, be or
become open (way); to be or get settled or arranged; to go smoothly, go
well, come off well; to be in order, be put in order, get straightened out
1506
‫ ﻣﻬـﺪ‬mahd pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﻮد‬muhūd bed; cradle | ‫( ﻣـﻦ اﳌﻬـﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻠﺤـﺪ‬laḥd) from
cradle to grave; ‫ﻣﻬﺪﻩ‬ ‫ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﰲ‬to nip s.th. in the bud; ‫ ﻛﺎن ﰲ ﻣﻬـﺪ‬to be still in its
beginnings or infancy, not have progressed beyond the early stages
‫ ﻣﻬـﺎد‬mihād place of rest, resting place; bed; bosom, pale, fold (fig., in
which s.th. rests)
‫ ﲤﻬﻴـﺪ‬tamhīd smoothing, leveling, paving; facilitation, easing; preparation;
foreword, preface, proem; introduction; preliminaries | ‫ﲤﻬﻴـﺪ ل‬ in order to
facilitate ...; in preparation of ..., as a preliminary step toward ..., for the
purpose of ...
‫ ﲤﻬﻴـﺪي‬tamhīdī introductory, prefatory, preliminary, preparatory | ‫اﺟـﺮاءات‬
‫ﲤﻬﻴﺪﻳـﺔ‬ (ijrā’āt) preliminaries; preliminary proceedings (jur.); ‫ﺣﻜــﻢ ﲤﻬﻴــﺪي‬
(ḥukm) interlocutory decree, interlocutory judgment (jur.); ‫ﲤﻬﻴﺪي‬ ‫( ﻗﺮار‬qarār)
provisional in, junction, temporary restra.ining order (jur.); ‫( ﺷﺮح ﲤﻬﻴﺪي‬šarh)
prefatory remarks
‫ ﳑﻬـﺪ‬mumahhad leveled, smoothed, smooth, even, level; well-ordered,
wellarranged, well-prepared; prepared, cleared, open (way); paved (road)
Confidential
‫ ﳑﺎﻫﺪ‬mumāhad paved, improved (road)
1‫ ﻣﻬـﺮ‬mahara u a (mahr, ‫ﻣﻬـﺎر‬ mahār, ‫ﻣﻬـﺎرة‬ mahāra, ‫ﻣﻬـﻮر‬ muhūr) to be
skillful, adroit, dexterous, skilled, adept, proficient, expert, experienced,
seasoned; -- u a (mahr) to give a dower (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬to the bride) III to vie in skill (‫ه‬
with s.o.) IV to give a dower (‫ ﻫﺎ‬to the bride)

‫ ﻣﻬﺮ‬mahr pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﻮر‬muhūr dower, bridal money; price, stake; ransom
‫ ﻣﻬﺮ‬muhr, pl. ‫ اﻣﻬﺎر‬amhār, ‫ ﻣﻬﺎرة‬mihāra foal, colt
‫ ﻣﻬﺮة‬muhra pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﺮ‬muhar, ‫ ﻣﻬﺮات‬muharāt filly
‫ ﻣﻬ ــﺎرة‬mahāra skillfulness, adroitness, dexterity, skill, expertness,
proficiency, adeptness
‫ ﻣـﺎﻫﺮ‬māhir pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﺮة‬mahara skillful, adroit, dexterous, skilled, proficient,
adept, expert, practiced, experienced, seasoned
2‫ ﻣﻬﺮ‬muhr seal, signet; stamp
‫ ﻣﻬﺮدار‬muhrәdār keeper of the seal
‫ ﻣﻬﺮﺟـﺎن‬mahrajān, mihrajān pl. -āt festival, festivity, celebration | ‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟـﺎن‬
‫ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬Festival of Britain
1507
‫ ﻣﻬﻚ‬mahaka a (mahk) to grind, crush, bruise, pound

‫ ﻣﻬﻜﺔ‬makha, muhka freshness of youth, bloom of youth
‫ ﻣﻬـﻞ‬mahala a (mahl, ‫ ﻣﻬﻠـﺔ‬muhla) to tarry, dawdle, be slow, take one’s
time (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.) II and IV to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) time, grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) a respite or
delay V to be slow, proceed slowly and deliberately (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.) | ‫ﲤﻬـﻞ ﰲ‬
‫( ﺧﻄﺎﻩ‬kuṭāhu) to slacken one’s pace; ‫ ﲤﻬﻞ ﻳﻘﻮل‬he said slowly ... VI = V; X to
ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for a respite; to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to wait
‫ ﻣﻬــﻞ‬mahl, mahal slowness, leisureliness, ease; leisure; ‫ ﻣﻬــﻼ‬mahlan
slowly, leisurely, in no hurry | ‫ﻣﻬـﻞ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬slowly, leisurely, in no hurry; ‫ﻣﻬﻠـﻚ‬
mahlaka easy does it! take it easy! ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﻠﻚ‬take it easy! take your time!
‫ ﻣﻬﻠﺔ‬muhla respite, delay; time limit for a decision, time to think s.th. over
‫ ﻣﻬﻴﻠﺔ‬muhaila large boat (ir.)
‫ اﻣﻬﺎل‬imhāl grant of respite, concession of a delay
‫ اﻣﻬﺎﱄ‬imhālī tending to delay, dilatory
Confidential
‫ ﲤﻬﻞ‬tamahhul slowness deliberateness | ‫ ﺑﺘﻤﻬﻞ‬slowly; gradually
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﻬﻞ‬mutamahhil slow, deliberate, leisurely, unburned, easy
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻫﻞ‬mutamāhil leisurely, comfortable, easy, unhurried, slow
‫ ﻣﻬﻤـﺎ‬mahmā (conj.) whatever, whatsoever; no matter how much, however
much, much as ...; whenever | ‫( ﻣﻬﻤـﺎ ﻳﻜـﻦ ﻣـﻦ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬yakun, amr) whatever the
case may be, be it as it may
‫ ﻣﻬﻦ‬mahana u a (mahn, ‫ ﻣﻬﻨـﺔ‬mahna) to serve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to humble, degrade,
treat in a humiliating manner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hackney, wear out in common
service, wear out by use (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- mahuna u (‫ ﻣﻬﺎﻧــﺔ‬mahāna) to be
despicable, base, low, mean, menial III to practice (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a profession) VIII to
humble, degrade, treat in a humiliating manner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to revile (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
despise (‫ ه‬s.o.); to employ for menial services (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hackney, wear out
in common service, wear out by use (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to practice professionally, as a

trade (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1508
‫ ﻣﻬﻨــﺔ‬mihna pl. ‫ ﻣﻬــﻦ‬mihan work, job, occupation, calling, vocation,

profession, trade, business
‫ ﻣﻬـﲏ‬mihnī professional, vocational; gainfully employed | ‫اﻹرﺷـﺎد اﳌﻬــﲏ‬
(iršād) vocational guidance
‫ ﻣﻬﲔ‬mahīn pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺎء‬muhanā’2 despised, despicable, contemptible, vile
‫ اﻣﺘﻬﺎن‬imtihān degradation, humiliation, contempt, disdain; abuse, misuse,
improper treatment
‫ ﻣﺎﻫﻦ‬māhin pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﺎن‬muhhān menial servant
‫ ﻣﻬﺎة‬mahāh pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﻮات‬mahawāt, ‫ ﻣﻬﻴﺎت‬mahayāt wild cow
1‫)ﻣﻮء‬ ‫ )ﻣﺎء‬mā’a u (‫ ﻣﻮاء‬muwā’) to mew, miaow
‫ ﻣﻮاء‬muwā’ mewing, miaow (of a cat)
2 ‫ ﻣﺎء‬and ‫ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬see ‫ﻣﻮء‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺑﻴﻠﻴﺎت‬mōbīlīyāt (pl.) furniture
‫ )ﻣـﺎت )ﻣـﻮت‬māta u (maut) to die; to perish; to lose life, become dead; to
abate, subside, die down, let up (wind, heat) II and IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) die,
Confidential
let (‫ ه‬s.o.) perish; to kill, put to death (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be the death of s.o. (‫)ه‬,
cause the death of s.o. (‫ )ه‬IV to mortify (‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬o.s., one’s flesh); to suppress,
deaden (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to feign death, pretend to be dead; to feign weakness; to
be sluggish, listless, slack (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.) X to seek death; to defy death,

sacrifice o.s., risk one’s life; to strive desperately (‫ ﰲ‬for), make desperate
efforts <..i in order to); to tight desperately
‫ ﻣـﻮت‬maut and ‫ ﻣﻮﺗـﺔ‬mauta death; decease, demise | ‫( ﻣـﻮت اﺑـﻴﺾ‬abyaḍ)
natural death
‫ ﻣﻮات‬mawāt that which is lifeless an inanimate thing; barren, uncultivated
land, wasteland
‫ ﻣﻮ ن‬mautāni, mūtān dying, death; epidemic, plague
‫ ﻣﻴـﺖ‬mayit, mait pl. ‫ اﻣـﻮات‬amwāt, ‫ ﻣـﻮﺗﻰ‬mautā lifeless inanimate, dead,
deceased
‫ ﻣﻴﺘـﺔ‬maita corpse, carcass, carrion; meat of an animal not slaughtered in
accordance with ritual requirements (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ‬mīta manner of death | ‫ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ اﻷﺑﻄﺎل‬death of a hero, death in battle
‫ ﳑﺎت‬mamāt place where s.o. died; decease, death
1509
‫ اﻣﺎﺗﺔ‬imāta killing; mortification (of the flesh)

‫ اﺳﺘﻤﺎﺗﺔ‬istimāta death defiance; desperate effort, desperate struggle (‫ ﰲ‬for)
‫ ﻣﺎﺋﺖ‬mā’it dying, moribund, mortal
‫ ﳑﻴﺖ‬mumīt lethal, fatal, mortal, deadly | ‫( ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﳑﻴﺘﺔ‬kāṭi’a) mortal sin
‫ ﳑﺎت‬mumāt antiquated, obsolete
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻤﻴﺖ‬mustamīt death-defying, reckless, heroin; martyr; suffering a
martyr’s death
‫( ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺳﻴﻜﻞ‬Fr. motocycle) mōtōsīkil pl. -āt motorcycle
‫ )ﻣﺎج )ﻣﻮج‬māja u (mauj, ‫ ﻣﻮج‬mawajān) to heave, swell, roll, surge (sea); to
be excited, agitated (‫ ب‬by) II to ripple (‫ ﻫـ‬the surface of water, etc.); to wave
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬the hair) V = I; to rise in waves; to ripple, be rippled (as, the surface of
water); to undulate, move in undulations; to sway, roll VI to be waved, be
undulate; to form an undulating line (‫ ﺣـﻮل‬around); to flow, flood, swell,
surge
‫ ﻣﻮج‬mauj pl. ‫ اﻣﻮاج‬amwāj billows, surges, seas, breakers; waves; ripples; --
Confidential
(n. un. ‫ﻣﻮﺟــﺔ‬ mauja pl. -āt) billow, surge, sea, breaker; wave; ripple;
oscillation, vibration, undulation |
short wave (radio); ‫ﻣـﻮج ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﻣـﻮج ﻃﻮﻳـﻞ‬ long wave (radio);
(mutawassiṭ) medium wave
‫ﻣـﻮج ﻗﺼـﲑ‬
(radio); ‫اﻣـﻮاج‬
‫( ﺻـﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬ṣauṭīya) sound waves; ‫( اﻣـﻮاج ﻣﺴـﺘﻤﺮة‬mustamirra) continuous waves;

‫( اﻣـﻮاج ﻣﻀــﻤﺤﻠﺔ‬muḍmaḥilla) damped waves; ‫( اﻣـﻮاج ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺴــﺔ‬mun‘akisa)
reflected waves, indirect waves; ‫( اﻣﻮاج‬muwajjaha) directional beams (radio);
O ‫( ﻣﻮﺟـﺔ ﺣـﺎرة‬ḥārra) heat wave, hot spell; ‫ ﻣﻮﺟـﺔ اﻟﺸـﺒﺎب‬m. aš-šabāb bloom of
youth, freshness of youth; ‫ ﺳـﻌﺔ اﳌﻮﺟـﺔ‬sa‘at al-m. amplitude; ‫ ﻃـﻮل اﳌﻮﺟـﺔ‬ṭūl al-
m. wave length (radio); ‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ اﺳﺘﻨﻜﺎر‬a wave of disapproval
‫ ﻣـﻮاج‬mawwāj undulating, undulant; surging, rolling; waved, undulated,
undulate; O (pl. -āt) transmitter (radio)
‫ ﲤـﻮﻳﺞ‬tamwīj waving (of the hair) | ‫ اﻟﺘﻤـﻮﻳﺞ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺒـﺎرد‬cold wave, permanent
wave
‫ ﲤـﻮج‬tamawwuj pl. -āt oscillation, vibration; undulation, undulant motion;
swaying, rolling | ‫ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﲤﻮﺟﺎت‬ṣautīya) sound waves; O ‫ ﲤﻮج اﳍـﻮاء‬t. al-hawā’
atmospheric vibrations
1510
‫ ﻣﺎﺋﺞ‬mā’ij surging, swelling, rolling, tumultuous, stormy, high (sea)

‫ ﳑﻮج‬mumawwaj undulated, undulate, waved, wavy, wavelike, undulatory
‫ ﻣﺘﻤــﻮج‬mutamawwij surging, rolling, undulating, undulant, wavelike,
undulatory; wavy (hair) | ‫اﳌﺘﻤﻮﺟـﺔ‬ ‫( اﳊﻤﻰ‬ḥummā) undulant fever, Malta fever,
brucellosis (med.)
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﺎوج‬mutamāwij undulate, waved, wavy, rippled; curled
‫ ﻣـﻮدة‬mōda pl. -āt fashion, style; fashionable; pl. hat fashions, millinery |
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻮدة‬of the latest fashion, fashionable, modish, stylish
‫ ﻣﻮدل‬mōdel or ‫ ﻣﻮدﻳﻞ‬mōdēl pl. -āt model, pattern
1‫)ﻣﻮر‬ ‫ )ﻣﺎر‬māra u (maur) to move to and fro, move from side to side V do.
‫ ﻣﻮار‬mawwār O pendulum
‫ ﲤﻮر‬tamawwur swaying, swinging motion; ‫ ﲤﻮرا‬to and fro, back and forth
2‫ ﻣﺎر‬look up alphabetically and under ‫ ﻣﺮ‬marra
3‫ اﳌﻮرة‬al-mōra Morea, Poloponnesus
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻮراﺗﺰم‬mūrātizm (eg.) rheumatism
‫ ﻣﻮراﱐ‬mūrānī (syr.) = ‫ ﻣﺎروﱐ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻣﻮرﻓﲔ‬murfīn morphine
‫ ﻣﻮرﻳﻨﺔ‬mūrīna pl. -āt wooden beam, rafter
‫ ﻣﻮز‬mauz (call.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬banana
1‫ ﻣﺎس‬mās diamond (cf. ‫ اﳌﺎس‬alphabetically)
‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻲ‬māsī diamond (used attributively)

2‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬mūsā f., pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاس‬mawāsin, ‫ اﻣﻮاس‬amwās straight razor
3‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬mūsā Moses | ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ ﲰﻚ‬samak m. plaice, flounder (zool.)

‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻮي‬mūsawī Mosaic(al)
‫( ﻣﻮﺳﻄﺮدة‬It. mostarda) musṭarda mustard
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻜﻮ‬moskū, moskō Moscow
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﺎر‬mūsīqār musician
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬mīsīqa (f.) music
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ‬mūsīqī musician; musical | ‫ آﻟﺔ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬musical instrument
1511
‫ ﻣـﺎش‬māš (n. un. ‫ )ة‬leguminous plant with black edible grains, Indian pea
(Phaseolus max. L.; bot.)
‫ اﳌﻮﺻﻞ‬al-maṣil Mosul (city in N Iraq)
‫ )ﻣﻮﺿﻪ )= ﻣﻮدﻩ‬mōḍa fashion, style
‫ ﻣﻮق‬see ‫ﻣﺄق‬
1‫ ﻣﻮل‬II to make rich, enrich (‫ ه‬s.o.); to finance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be financed;
to become rich, wealthy X to become rich, wealthy
‫ ﻣـﺎل‬mal pl. ‫ اﻣـﻮال‬amwāl property, possessions, chattels, goods; wealth,
affluence; fortune, estate; money; income, revenue; assets, capital, stock,
fund; (eg.) tax, esp., land tax; (Isl. Law) marketable title; pl. property,
assets, chattels, goods; pecuniary resources, funds; taxes | ‫ ذو ﻣـﺎل‬wealthy,
rich; ‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﺎل‬iḥtyāṭī) reserve fund; ‫( ﻣﺎل اﻻﻃﻴﺎن‬eg.) land tax; ‫ ﻣـﺎل اﳊـﺮام‬m.
al-ḥarām ill-gotten gain; ‫اﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﺎل‬eg.) taxes; ‫( اﻣـﻮال ﻣﻘـﺮرة‬muqarrara) direct
taxes; ‫( ﻣـﺎل ﻧﻘﻠـﻲ‬naqlī) or ‫ ﻣـﺎل ﻣﻨﻘـﻮل‬movable property, movables (Isl. Law);
‫ ﻣــﺎل ﺑــﺖ‬landed property, real property, immovables; ‫ﻣــﺎل ﻏــﲑ ﻣﺘﻘــﻮم‬
Confidential
(mutaqawwim) thing without commercial value (Isl. Law); ‫اﻣــﲔ اﳌــﺎل‬
treasurer; ‫اﳌﺎل‬ ‫ ﺑﻴﺖ‬bait al-m. (public) treasury; ‫ رأس ﻣﺎل‬etc., see ‫رأس‬
‫ ﻣـﺎﱄ‬mālī monetary, pecuniary, financial; finance (in compounds); fiscal;
financier, capitalist | ‫ﻣـﺎﱄ‬
‫( ﺑـﺖ‬bait) finance house, banking house; ‫ﺗﻀـﺨﻢ ﻣـﺎﱄ‬
(taḍakkum) inflation; ‫( ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬sana) fiscal year; ‫( ﻏﺮاﻣﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬garāma) or ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑـﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬a fine
‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬mālīya monetary affairs, finance, public revenue; finances, financial
situation | ‫اﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ وزارة‬finance ministry, treasury department
‫ ﻣﻮال‬mawwāl pl. -ūn (ir.) financier, capitalist
‫ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ‬tamwīl financing; (eg.) tax-paying
‫ ﳑﻮل‬mumawwil pl. -ūn (eg.) taxpayer
‫ ﳑﻮل‬mumawwal propertied, wealthy, rich
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﻮل‬mutamawwil rich, wealthy, well-to-do; financier, capitalist
2‫ ﻣـﻮال‬mawwāl pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاوﻳـﻞ‬mawāwīl2 a poem in colloquial language, often
sung to the accompaniment of a reed pipe
‫ ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﺎ‬mawāliyā do.
1512
‫ ﻣﻮم‬mūm wax
‫ ﻣﻮﻣﻴﺎء‬mūmiyā’, ‫ ﻣﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬mūmiya pl. -āt mummy
‫ )ﻣـﺎن )ﻣـﻮن‬māna u (maun, ‫ ﻣﺆﻧـﺔ‬mu’na) and II to provision. supply with
provisions (‫ ه‬s.o.); to provide, furnish, supply (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. with)
V to store up provisions, lay in provisions, provision o.s.
‫ ﻣﻮﻧﺔ‬mūna provisions; (eg.) mortar
‫ ﲤﻮﻳﻦ‬tamwīn food supply, provisioning; supply; replenishment
‫ ﻣﻮاﱐء‬pl. ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎء‬
‫ ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺦ‬mūnīk Munich
‫ )ﻣﺎﻩ )ﻣﻮﻩ‬māha u (mauh) to mix (‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.th. with); -- u a (mauh, ‫ ﻣﺆوﻩ‬mu’ūh,
‫ ﻣﺎﻫـﺔ‬māha) to abound in water II to abound in water; to pour water (‫ ﻫ ـ‬into),
admix water (‫ ﻫـ‬to); to thin, dilute, water down, adulterate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to falsify
(‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), misrepresent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to feign, affect (‫ب‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. toward
s.o.); to camouflage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; Syr., mil.); to coat, overlay, plate (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬a base
Confidential
metal with gold or silver) IV to add water (‫ ﻫـ‬to)
‫ ﻣـﺎء‬mā’ pl. ‫ ﻣﻴـﺎﻩ‬miyāh, ‫ اﻣـﻮاﻩ‬amwāh water; liquid, fluid; juice | ‫ﻛﺎﳌـﺎء اﳉـﺎري‬
fluently, smoothly, like clockwork; ‫( ﻣـﺎء اﺑـﻴﺾ‬abyaḍ) cataract (eye disease);
‫ ﻣـﺎء اﻟﺰﻫـﺮ‬m. az-zahr orange-blossom water;‫ ﻣـﺎء اﻟﺸـﺒﺎب‬m. aš-šabāb freshness
of youth, prime of youth; ‫‘( ﻣﺎء ﻋﺬب‬adb) fresh water, potable water; ‫ﻣﺎء ﻏﺎزي‬
pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻏﺎزﻳﺔ‬carbonated water, mineral water; ‫ ﻣﺎء اﻟﻜﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﺎ‬Eau de Cologne; ‫ﻣﺎء‬
‫ اﻟﻮﺟـﻪ‬m. al-wajh honor, decency, modesty, self-respect; ‫ اراق ﻣـﺎء وﺟﻬـﻪ‬arāqa
mā’a wajhihī to sacrifice one’s honor, abase o.s.; to dishonor, disgrace s.o.;
‫ﺑــﺬل ﻣــﺎء وﺟﻬــﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣــﺎء اﻟــﻮرد‬m. al-ward rose water; ‫( ﻣﻴــﺎﻩ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴــﺔ‬iqlīmīya)
do.;
territorial waters; ‫ ﻣﻴــﺎﻩ اﻷﻣﻄـﺎر‬m. al-amṭār rain water; ‫( ﻣﻴـﺎﻩ ﺟﻮﻓﻴـﺔ‬jaufīya)
ground water; ‫( ﻣﻴـﺎﻩ ﺳـﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬sāḥilīya) coastal waters; ‫ ﺑﻨـﻮ ﻣـﺎء اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء‬banū m. as-
samā’ the Arabs
‫ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬māhī and ‫ ﻣﺎوي‬māwī watery, aqueous, aquatic
‫ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬mā’ī aquatic, water; liquid, fluid; hydraulic
‫ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
1513
‫ ﻣﺎوﻳﺔ‬māwīya and ‫ ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬mā’īya juice, sap

‫ ﲤﻮﻳـﻪ‬tamwīh coating, plating; clothing, attire, garb; overfilling; feigning,
pretending, affectation; camouflage (syr., mil.); distortion (of facts),
misrepresentation, falsification | ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ ﻛﺄس‬ka’s at-t. overfull cup
‫ ﲤـﻮﻳﻬﻲ‬tamwīhī feigned, sham, mock, make-believe | ‫ﻏـﺎرة ﲤﻮﻳﻬﻴـﺔ‬ mock
attack, feint
‫ ﻣﺎوﻳﺔ‬see ‫ﻣﻮﻩ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺖ‬and ‫ ﻣﻴﺘﺔ‬see ‫ﻣﻮت‬
‫)ﻣـﺎح )ﻣـﻴﺢ‬ māḥa i (maiḥ, ‫ﻣﻴﺤﻮﺣـﺔ‬ maiḥūḥa) to strut, walk with affected
dignity; to waddle V and VI to reel, totter, stagger; to swing X to ask (‫ه‬ ‫ﻫـ‬
s.o. a favor), request (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‘( اﺳﺘﻤﺎح ﻋﺬرا‬udran) to apologize for s.th.
‫)ﻣـﺎد )ﻣﻴـﺪ‬ māda i (maid, ‫ﻣﻴـﺪان‬ mayadān) to be moved, shaken, upset,
shocked; to sway; to swing; to feel giddy, be dizzy; ‫ﻣـﺎد ب‬ to shake s.th.
violently VI to sway back and forth, swing from side to side
‫ ﻣﻴﺪة‬mīda pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺪ‬miyad (eg.) lintel, breastsummer (arch.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻴـﺪاء‬mīdā’ measure, amount, length, distance; mīdā’a (prep.) in front of,
opposite, facing
‫ ﻣﻴـﺪان‬maidān, mīdān pl. ‫ ﻣﻴـﺎدﻳﻦ‬mayādīn2 square, open place, open tract;
field; arena; battleground, battlefield; combat area, fighting zone; race
course, race track; playground (fig.); field, domain, line, sphere of activity |
‫ﻣﻴـﺪان اﻟﺘـﺪرﻳﺐ‬ drill ground; military training center; ‫ ﻣﻴـﺪان اﳊـﺮب‬m. al-ḥarb
theater of war; ‫ ﻣﻴـﺪان اﻟﺴـﺒﺎق‬race course, race track; ‫ ﻣﻴـﺪان اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬m. al-‘amal
field of activity, scope of action; ‫ ﻣﻴﺪان اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬battlefield; ‫ ﺧﺮج ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺪان اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬to
be put out of servi-šce or commission; ‫اﳌﻴﺪان‬ ‫ ﻇﻬﺮ ﰲ‬to turn up, appear on the
scene; ‫ﰲ ﻣﻴــﺪان اﻟﺸــﺮف‬ m. iš-šaraf on the field of honor; ‫ﻣــﺪاﻓﻊ اﳌﻴــﺪان‬
fieldpieces, field guns, infantry howitzers
‫ ﻣﺎﺋﺪ‬mā’id pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺪى‬maidā dizzy, seasick
‫ ﻣﺎﺋـﺪة‬mā’ida pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻮاﺋـﺪ‬mawā’id2 table | ‫ ﻣﺎﺋـﺪة اﻟﺘﺸـﺮﻳﺢ‬operating table;
‫ ﻣﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﺰﻳﻨﺔ‬m. az-zīna dressing table; ‫ ﻣﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﺴﻔﺮة‬m. as-sufra dining table
‫ ﻣﺪاﻟﻴﻮن‬madāliyōn medallion
1‫)ﻣﲑ‬ ‫ )ﻣﺎر‬māra i (mair) and IV to provide (‫‘ ﻋﻴﺎﻟﻪ‬iyālahū for one’s family)
1514
‫ ﻣﲑة‬mīra pl. ‫ ﻣﲑ‬miyar provisions, supplies, stores

‫ ﻣﻴﺎر‬mayyār caterer, purveyor, supplier
2‫ ﻣــﲑي‬mīrī (= ‫ )اﻣــﲑي‬public, governmental, government-, satate- (in
compounds); fiscal; ‫ اﳌـﲑي‬the government, the fiso, the exchequer | ‫ﻣـﺎل اﳌـﲑي‬
government taxes; ‫ اﻣﻼك اﳌﲑي‬government land
‫ ﻣﲑآﻻى‬mīrālāy (formerly, Eg.) colonel
‫ ﻣﲑﻟﻮاء‬mīrliwā’ (Ir.) brigadier general
3‫( ﻣﲑ‬Fr. maire) mēr pl. ‫ اﻣﻴﺎر‬amyār (magr.) mayor
‫ ﻣﲑون‬mairūn chrism (Chr.)

‫)ﻣــﺎز )ﻣﻴــﺰ‬ māza i (maiz) to separate, keep apart (‫ ﺑــﲔ‬two things); to
distinguish, honor, favor (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to confer distinction (‫ ه‬upon s.o.),

distinguish, commend, honor, favor (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬above s.o. else, also ‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to
distinguish, set aside, cause to stand out (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th., ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ from); to
prefer (‫ ﻋﻦ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or s.th. to); to separate, segregate, set apart, single out,
Confidential
select, choose, pick (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to grant a special right or privilege (‫ه‬
to s.o.), privilege (‫ ه‬s.o.); to distinguish, differentiate, discriminate (‫ ه‬,‫ﻋﻦ ﻫـ‬
s.o., s.th. from, also ‫ ﻣـﻦ; ﺑـﲔ‬between two things, one thing from another) IV
to distinguish, mark (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to prefer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be set apart, be

separated
or separate, be distinct, be distinguished, be differentiated; to distinguish
o.s., be distinguished, be marked, stand out; to be marked out with
distinction, be honored, be favored; to be preferred | ‫ﲤﻴـﺰ ﻏﻴﻈـﺎ‬ (gaiẓan) to
burst with anger VI to distinguish o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬in); to differ VIII to distinguish
o.s. (‫ ب‬by, ‫ ﰲ‬in s.th., ‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬above s.o. or s.th., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬as compared with s.o.
or s.th.); to be distinguished, be marked (‫ ب‬by); to be characterized, be
signalized (‫ ب‬by); to excel, surpass, outdo, outshine (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. or s.th.);
to have the advantage, take preference (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over), be preferred (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to
differ (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬from s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬in, in that ...)

‫ ﻣﻴﺰ‬maiz distinction; favoring, preferment
1515
‫ ﻣﻴـﺰة‬mīza peculiarity, distinguishing feature, distinctive mark, essential

property, characteristic; prerogative, priority right
‫ اﻣﻴﺰ‬amyaz 2 preferable (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
‫ ﲤﻴﻴــﺰ‬tamyīz distinction; preference; preferment, favoring, favoritism,
preferential treatment; privileging; partiality; separation, segregation,
sifting, singling out; specification (gram.); differentiation; discrimination,
judgment, discretion, common sense; realization, discernment, conscious
perception; deliberate intention | ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴـﺰ‬
‫ ﺳـﻦ‬sinn at-t. age of discretion (jur.);
‫ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬maḥkamat at-t. court of cassation (Syr.); ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻏـﲑ ﲤﻴﻴـﺰ‬unwittingly,
unintentionally, with no definite purpose in mind; ‫اﺧﺮﺟــﻪ ﻋــﻦ داﺋــﺮة اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴــﺰ‬
(akrajahū) to deprive s.o. of his clear judgment, rob s.o. of his senses
‫ اﻣﺘﻴـﺎز‬imtiyāz pl. -āt distinction, (mark of) honor; advantage, benefit,
merit; difference, distinction, differentiation, discrimination; special right,
privilege; concession, patent, permit, license, franchise; (oil) concession;
prerogative, priority right | ‫( اﻻﻣﺘﻴـﺎزات اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴـﺔ‬ajnabiya) the capitulations (of
Western powers in the Orient) ; ‫اﻻﻣﺘﻴـﺎزات اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬ diplomatic privileges;
‫ﺻــﺎﺣﺐ اﻻﻣﺘﻴــﺎز‬
Confidential
holder of the concession, concessionaire, responsible
publisher of a newspaper
‫ ﳑﻴـﺰ‬mumayyiz distinguishing, distinctive; characteristic, peculiar, proper;
discriminating, discerning, reasonable, rational (Isl. Law)
‫ ﳑﻴــﺰة‬mumayyiza pl. -āt distinguishing feature, distinctive mark,
characteristic trait, peculiarity; distinction, (mark of) honor; advantage,
merit
‫ ﳑﻴــﺰ‬mumayyaz distinguished, preferred, favored, privileged; distinct,
separate, special
‫ ﻣﺘﻤﻴـﺰ‬mutamayyiz distinguished, distingue; marked, notable, prominent,
outstanding, characterized by distinctive traits, characteristic
‫ ﳑﺘـﺎز‬mumtāz distinguished, differentiated; exquisite, select, choice, rare;
outstanding, superior, first-rate, first-class, top-notch, exceptional, excellent;
privileged; special, extra; (as an examination grade) passed with distinction,
excellent | ‫درﺟـﺔ ﳑﺘـﺎزة‬ (daraja) special class; ‫دﻳـﻮن ﳑﺘـﺎزة‬ (duyūn) privileged
debts, preferred debts; ‫ﳑﺘﺎز‬ ‫‘( ﻋﺪد‬adad) special issue (of a periodical)
‫( ﻣﻴﺰاﻧﲔ‬It. mezzanino) mēzānīn mezzanine
‫ )ﻣـﺎس )ﻣـﻴﺲ‬māsa i (mais, ‫ ﻣﻴﺴـﺎن‬mayasān) to move to and fro, swing from
side to side; to walk with a proud, swinging gait V to walk with a proud,
swinging gait
1516
‫ ﻣﻴﺲ‬mais proud gait; proud bearing

‫ ﻣﻴﺲ‬mīs pl. ‫ اﻣﻴﺎس‬amyās (eg.) target
‫ ﻣﻴﺎس‬mayyās walking with a lofty, proud gait, strutting
2‫( ﻣﻴﺲ‬Engl. mess), ‫اﻟﻀﺒﺎط‬ ‫ ﻣﻴﺲ‬m. aḍ-ḍubbāṭ officers mess
‫ )ﻣـﺎط )ﻣـﻴﻂ‬māṭa i (maiṭ, ‫ ﻣﻴﻄـﺎن‬mayaṭān) to remove, pull away, draw back
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV do. | ‫ اﻣـﺎط اﻟﻠﺜـﺎم ﻋـﻦ‬to disolose, uncover, reveal s.th., bring s.th. to
light
‫)ﻣـﺎع )ﻣﻴـﻊ‬ mā‘a i (mai‘ to flow; to spread; to melt, dissolve (fat) II to
soften, attenuate, dilute, liquefy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to melt, liquefy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V and
VII to be melted, melt, dissolve
‫ ﻣﻴﻊ‬mai‘ flowing, flow; liquidity, fluidity
‫ ﻣﻴﻌـﺔ‬mai‘a storax, a kind of incense obtained from the storax tree, resin of
the storax tree (Styrax offioinalis); prime, bloom (of youth); indulgence,
compliance; unstableness, unsteadiness
‫ ﻣﻴﻮﻋﺔ‬muyū‘a liquid state; unstableness, unsteadiness
‫ اﻣﺎﻋﺔ‬imā‘a melting, liquefaction
Confidential
‫ ﲤﻴﻊ‬tamayyu‘ liquescence, liquefaction
‫ ﻣ ــﺎﺋﻊ‬mā’i‘ melting, liquid, fluid; liquescent, semiliquid; vague
(expression); undecided, pending. in flux (situation)
‫( ﻣﻴﻜﺎ‬Engl.) mica
‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﱐ‬mikānī mechanical, mechanize
‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ‬mīkānīkāhlnlhl meohanios
‫ ﻣﻴﻜ ــﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬mīkānīkī mechanical, automatic, mechanized, mechanic;
motorized; a mechanic
‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوب‬mikrūb pl. -āt microbe
‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻓﻮن‬mikrōfōn pl. -āt microphone
1‫)ﻣﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ )ﻣـﺎل‬mīla i (mail, ‫ ﻣـﻴﻼن‬mayalān) to bend, bend down (‫ اﱃ‬to; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
over); to bow down, lean over, turn (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); to incline, slope, slant, tilt,
tip, be inclined, slanting, oblique; to incline, tend. be favorably disposed (‫اﱃ‬
to), have a predilection, a liking, an inclination, a propensity (‫ اﱃ‬for), feel
sympathy (‫ اﱃ‬for). sympathize (‫ اﱃ‬with), favor (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to take side, to side
(‫ ﻣﻊ‬with), be partial, biased, prejudiced; to lean (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against); to revolt, rebel
1517
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against), be hostile (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.); to be disinclined, be averse (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to

s.th.); to have an antipathy, a distaste, a dislike (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for); to deviate, digress,
turn away, depart (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); ‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ﻣﺎل ﺑﻪ‬to drag or take s.o. or s.th. along to ...;
-- (‫ ﻣﻴـﻮل‬muyūl) to prepare to set (sun); to decline, draw to its end (day,
night); -- ‫ﻣﻴـﻞ‬ mayila a (mayal) to be bent, bowed, tilted, averted, turned
aside II and IV to incline, tip, tilt, bend, bow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
inclined, sympathetic or favorably disposed (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬or ‫اﱃ‬ to s.o., to s.th.),
incline, dispose (‫ ه‬s.o.’s mind ‫ ﳓـﻮ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to), fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with sympathy (‫اﱃ‬
for); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) disinclined or averse (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to), turn s.o.’s mind (‫ )ه‬away
from (‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, alienate (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from) V and VI to reel, totter, stagger; to
waver (tone); to sway, swing X to cause to incline, incline, tip, tilt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
‫ اﱃ‬to or toward); to win (‫ ه‬s.o., also ‫ اﻟﻘﻠـﻮب‬the hearts), attract, win over,
bring to one’s side (‫ ه‬s.o.), gain favor (‫ ه‬with s.o.), win s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬affection
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻴﻞ‬mail pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﻮل‬muyūl, ‫ اﻣﻴﺎل‬amyāl inclination, tilt; bend, turn, deflection;
obliqueness, obliquity, slant; slope, incline, declivity; deviation, divergence,
declination (astron.); affection (‫ اﱃ‬for), attachment (‫ اﱃ‬to); predilection,
liking, sympathy (‫ اﱃ‬for); propensity, disposition, bent, leaning, inclination,
taste, desire, wish, longing; tendency, trend, drift (‫ اﱃ‬to, toward)
‫ ﻣﻴـﺎل‬mayyāl inclined, favorably disposed (‫ اﱃ‬to), leaning (‫ اﱃ‬toward); in

favor (‫ اﱃ‬of), biased (‫ اﱃ‬toward or for)
‫ اﻣﻴﻞ‬amyal2 more inclined, strongly inclined (‫ اﱃ‬to), more in favor (‫ اﱃ‬of)
‫ اﻣﺎﻟﺔ‬imāla pronunciation of a shaded toward e (gram.)
‫ ﲤﺎﻳــﻞ‬tamāyul reel(ing), swaying, tottering, stagger(ing), waver(ing);
vibration
‫ ﻣﺎﺋـﻞ‬mā’il inclining (‫ اﱃ‬to or toward); bending down, bowing down,
leaning over; bent, tilted; sloping, declivitous (terrain); inclined, slanting,
oblique | ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫( ﺳﻄﺢ‬saṭḥ) inclined plane (math.)
2‫ ﻣﻴـﻞ‬mīl pl. ‫ اﻣﻴـﺎل‬amyāl mile (= 4000 ‫ ;)ذراع‬milestone | ‫( ﻣﻴـﻞ ﲝـﺮي‬baḥrī)
nautical mile, knot
3‫ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ‬milli-, 1/1000 (in measures)
1518
‫ )ﻣﺎن )ﻣﲔ‬māna i (main) to lie, tell a lie

‫ ﻣﲔ‬main pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﻮن‬muyūn lie, falsehood, untruth
‫ ﻣﻴﺎن‬mayyān and ‫ ﻣﺎﺋﻦ‬mā’in liar
1‫ ﻣﻴﻨـﺎء‬mīnā and ‫ﻣﻴﻨـﺎء‬ mīnā’ glaze, glazing; enamel (of the teeth; as a
coating of metal, glass, or pottery); (pl. ‫ ﻣـﻮاﻧﺊ‬mawāni’) dial (of a watch or
clock) | ‫ﳌﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫( ﻣﻄﻠﻰ‬maṭlīy) enamel-coated, enameled
2 ‫ﻣﻴﻨـﺎء‬mīnā’ f. and ‫ ﻣﻴﻨـﺔ‬mīna pl. ‫ ﻣـﻮان‬mawānin, ‫ ﻣـﲔ‬miyan port, harbor,
anchorage | ‫ﺟﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻴﻨﺎء‬jawwīya) airport
Confidential
1519
‫ن‬
‫ ﺑﻠﺲ‬nābulus2 Nablus (town in W Jordan)
‫ ﺑﻠﻲ‬nābulī or ‫ ﺑﻮﱄ‬nābūlī Napoli, Naples (seaport in S Italy)
‫ رﺟﻴﻞ‬nārajīl coconut(s) (coll.)
‫ رﺟﻴﻠﺔ‬nārajīla (n. un.) coconut; Persian water pipe, narghile
‫ ردﻳﻦ‬nāradīn nard, spikenard
‫ رﻧﺞ‬naranj bitter orange
‫ زي‬nāzī Nazi
‫ زﻳﺔ‬nāzīya Nazism
‫ س‬nās men, people, folks (cf. ‫)اﻧﺲ‬
‫ ﺳﻮت‬nāsūt human nature, humanity
1‫ م‬na’ama i a to sound, resound, ring out; to groan, moan
‫ ﻣﺔ‬na’ma noise, sound, tone
2‫ ﻧﺆوم‬na’um see ‫ﻧﻮم‬
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻮس‬nāmūs pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﻣﻴﺲ‬nawāmīs2 law; rule; honor; see also ‫ﳕﺲ‬
1‫ ى‬na’ā a (na’y) to be far, far away, distant, remote (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), keep
away, stay away, keep at a distance, remain aloof, go away, move away,
depart, absent o.s. (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), leave (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th., s.o.) III to keep far away, keep
at a distance (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ or ‫ه‬ s.o. or s.th. from), keep a wide distance (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
between s.o. or s.th., ‫ ﻋﻦ‬and) IV to remove, move away, take away, place at
a distance (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from) VI to move away, move apart, draw sway from
one another; to be away from one another, be at a distance, be separated, be
apart; to keep away, stand aloof, be away, be at a distance (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) VIII to
be away, be at a distance (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to go away, move away, draw away,

depart, absent o.s. (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), leave (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th., s.o.)
‫ ي‬na’y remoteness
‫ ي‬na’y and ‫ ﻧﺆى‬nu’ā pl. ‫ آ ء‬anā’, ‫ ا ء‬an’ā’ ditch
‫ ا ى‬an’ā farther away, remoter, more distant
‫ ﻣﻨـﺄى‬man’an distant place | ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﲟﻨـﺄى ﻋـﻦ‬to keep away from, remain aloof
from, keep out of, not get involved in, refuse to have anything to do with
1520
‫ ﺗﻨﺎء‬tanā’in great distance, remoteness

‫ ء‬nā’in far, far away, distant, remote; outlying, out-of-the-way, secluded
2‫ ي‬nāy pl. -āt nay, a flute without mouth-piece, made of bamboo, rarely
of wood, in different sizes, which, when blown, is held in a slanting forward
position (unlike a German flute)
‫ اﻧﺒﻮب‬unbūb and ‫ اﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬unbūba pl. ‫ ا ﺑﻴﺐ‬anābīb2 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬int (of a knotted stem),
part between two nodes; tube, pipe, conduit, conduit pipe, main duct; tube
(e.g., of toothpaste); light bulb | ‫ اﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﺮﺋﺔ‬u. ar-ri’a windpipe, trachea (anat.);
‫ اﻧﺒـﻮب اﻟﻄﻮرﺑﻴـﺪ‬torpedo tube; ‫( اﻧﺒـﻮب ﻣﻔـﺮغ‬mufarrag) vacuum tube (radio); ‫ﺧـﻂ‬
‫ اﻷ ﺑﻴﺐ‬kaṭṭ al-a. pipeline
‫ اﻧﺒﻮﰊ‬unbūbī tubular, tube-shaped, fistulous; pipe- (in compounds)
‫ ﻧﺒـﺄ‬naba’a a (‫ ﻧـﺐء‬nab’, ‫ ﻧﺒـﻮء‬nubū’) to be high, raised, elevated, protruding,
projecting, prominent; to overcome, overpower, overwhelm (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to
turn away, withdraw, shrink (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to be repelled, repulsed, sickened,

disgusted, shocked (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬by) II to inform, notify, tell, advise (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o.
Confidential
of s.th.), let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬about), make known, announce, impart,
communicate (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫به‬ to s.o. s.th.); to be evidence (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), show,

indicate, manifest, bespeak, reveal, disclose (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) IV to inform, notify,
tell, advise (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ s.o. of), let (‫ ه‬s.o.) know (‫ ب‬about), make known,
announce, impart, communicate (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ to s.o. s.th.) V to predict, foretell,
forecast, prognosticate, presage, prophesy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to claim to be a

prophet, pose as a prophet X to ask for news, for information (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
inquire (‫ ﻫـ‬after), ask (‫ ﻫـ‬about)
‫ ﻧﺒــﺄ‬naba’ pl. ‫ اﻧﺒــﺎء‬anbā’ news, tidings information, intelligence;
announcement, report, news item, dispatch | ‫ وﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻧﺒﺎء‬wakālat al-a. or ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ اﻷﻧﺒﺎء‬maktab al-a. news agency, wire service
‫ ﻧﺒﺄة‬nab’a faint noise, low sound
‫ ﻧﺒﻮءة‬nubū’a pl. -āt prophecy
‫ اﻧﺒﺎء‬inbā’ pl. -āt notification, information, communication
‫ ﺗﻨﺒﺆ‬tanabbu’ pl. -āt prediction, forecast, prognostication, prophecy
1521
‫ ﻧﺒﺖ‬nabata u (nabt) to grow (esp., of plants, also, e.g., of teeth); to sprout,

germinate; to produce plants, bring forth vegetation (soil) II to plant, sow,
seed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to germinate, cause to sprout (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a seed); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
grow; to grow, plant, cultivate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th ) X to plant, cultivate, grow, raise (‫ﻫ ـ‬
plants); to breed (‫ ﻫـ‬plants), culture (‫ ﻫـ‬e.g., bacteria)
‫ ﻧﺒـﺖ‬nabt germination, sprouting; growth; vegetable growth, vegetation,
plants; herbage, herbs, grass; sprout, plant | ‫ﻗــﻮة اﻟﻨﺒــﺖ‬ qūwat an-n.
germinability, germinative faculty
‫ ﻧﺒﺘﺔ‬nabta plant, sprout, shoot, seedling
‫ ﻧﺒـﺎت‬nabāt (coll.) plants, vegetation; -- (pl. -āt) plant, vegetable organism;
herb |‫( ﻧﺒــﺎت اﻗﺘﺼــﺎدي‬iqtiṣādī) economic plant; ‫ ﻧﺒــﺎت اﻟﺰﻳﻨــﺔ‬n. az-zīna
ornamental plant; ‫( ﻧﺒـﺎت ﻃـﱯ‬ṭibbī) medicinal plant; ‫ آﻛـﻞ اﻟﻨﺒـﺎت‬herbivorous
animal; ‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬ ‫ ﺳﻜﺮ‬sukar an-n. rock candy; ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬ilm an-n. botany
‫ ﻧﺒـﺎﰐ‬nabātī vegetable, vegetal, plant- (in compounds); botanical; botanist;
vegetarian (adj. and n.)
Confidential
‫ ﻧﺒـﻮت‬nabbūt pl. ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﺑﻴـﺖ‬nabābīt2 (eg.) quarterstaff, cudgel, bludgeon, club,
truncheon, night stick
‫ ﻣﻨﺒــﺖ‬manbat, manbit pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑــﺖ‬manābit2 plantation, plant nursery,
arboretum; hotbed, birthplace, fountainhead, headspring, origin, source
‫ ﺗﻨﺒﻴﺖ‬tanbīt planting, cultivation, seed-bed planting
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎت‬istinbāt planting, cultivation, growing
‫ ﺑﺘﺔ‬nābita generation
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻨﺒﺖ‬mustanbat cultivated, grown, raised, bred; plantation, nursery,
culture | O ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺒﺖ اﻟﺒﻜﱰ‬bacterial culture
‫ ﻧـﺒﺢ‬nabaḥa a (nabḥ, ‫ ﻧﺒـﺎح‬nubāḥ, nibāḥ, ‫ ﻧﺒـﻴﺢ‬nabīḥ to bark (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at s.o.), bay
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) VI to bark at each other; to bark simultaneously, answer each
other’s barks (dogs, e.g., at night)
‫ ﻧﺒﺢ‬nabḥ, ‫ ﻧﺒﺎح‬nubāḥ, nibāḥ and ‫ ﻧﺒﻴﺢ‬nabīḥ barking, bark, baying, yelp(ing)
‫ ﻧﺒﺎح‬nabbāḥ barker, yelper
‫ ﻧﺒـﺬ‬nabada i (nabd) to hurl, fling, throw, or toss, away (. s.th.); to reject,
discard, spurn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cut out, cast off, ostracize, expel, banish, disown,
repudiate, remove, eliminate, dismiss, abandon, forsake, give up, renounce
1522
(‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to withdraw, turn away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬from), relinquish, forswear (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to break, violate, infringe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a contract, a treaty), default (‫ اﱃ‬against
s.o.) | ‫( ﻧﺒـﺬﻩ ﻧﺒـﺬ اﻟﻨـﻮاة‬nabda n-nawāh) to reject or dismiss s.th. or s.o. with
disdain, spurn or scorn s.th. or s.o. II = I; to press (‫ ﻫ ـ‬grapes) III to separate,
secede, withdraw (‫ ه‬from s.o.), oppose, resist (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫اﳊـﺮب‬ ‫ﺑـﺬة‬ (ḥarba) to
declare war on s.o. IV to press (‫ ﻫ ـ‬grapes) VI to be feuding nil to withdraw,
retire, retreat | ‫( اﻧﺘﺒـﺬ ﺣﻴـﺔ‬nāḥiyatan) to step aside, withdraw to one side; to
retreat into a comer
‫ ﻧﺒـﺬ‬nabd throwing away, discarding; rejection, repudiation, disavowal;
renunciation, resignation; surrender, relinquishment, abandonment; (pl. ‫اﻧﺒـﺎذ‬
anbād) small amount, a little, a trifle, bagatelle | ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ ﻧﺒﺬ‬insubordination
‫ ﻧﺒـﺬة‬nubda pl. ‫ ﻧﺒـﺬ‬nubad small piece, part, portion, fragment, fraction,
section; (newspaper) article, story; tract, pamphlet, leaflet; small
ad(vertisement)
‫ ﻧﺒﻴـﺬ‬nabīd cast-off, discarded, rejected, disowned, repudiated, dismissed;
Confidential
(pl. ‫ اﻧﺒﺬة‬anbida) wine | ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺬ‬ ‫ روح‬rūḥ an-n. spirits of wine, alcohol
‫ ﺑﺬ‬nābid: O ‫( اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺬة‬qūwa) centrifugal force
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻮذ‬manbūd caot-off, discarded; cast-out, ostracized, banished, expelled,
disowned, repudiated; abandoned; foundling, waif; neglected, disregarded;
‫ اﳌﻨﺒﻮذون‬the untouchables (in India), the pariahs
‫ ﻧﱪ‬nabara i (nabr) to raise, elevate; to go up with the voice, sing in a high,
pitched voice; to stress, emphasize, accentuate; to shout, yell, scream (‫ ه‬at
s.o.); to cry out VIII to swell, become swollen
‫ ﻧﱪ‬nabr accentuation, accent, stress, emphasis
‫ ﻧـﱪ‬nibr and ‫ اﻧﺒـﺎر‬anbār pl. ‫ ا ﺑـﺮ‬anābir2, ‫ ا ﺑـﲑ‬anābīr barn, shed, granary,
storeroom, storehouse, warehouse
‫ ﻧﱪة‬nabra pl. nabarāt swelling, intumescence, protuberance; stress, accent,
accentuation; tone (of the voice); pl. ‫ ﻧﱪات‬inflection of the voice, intonation,
cadence
‫ ﻣﻨﱪ‬minbar pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﺮ‬manābīr2 mimbar; pulpit; rostrum, platform, dais
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﺎر‬minbār pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﲑ‬manābīr gut, intestine | ‫( ﻣﻨﺒﺎر ﳏﺸﻲ‬maḥšīy) sausage
1523
‫ ﻧﱪاس‬nibrās pl. ‫ ﻧﺒﺎرﻳﺲ‬nabārīs2 lamp, light, lantern | ‫( اﲣﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﱪاﺳﺎ‬ittakada)

to take s.o. for an example, model o.s. after s.o.
‫ ﻧﺒﺰ‬nabaza i (nabz) to give a derisive or insulting name (‫ ه‬to s.o.) II do.
‫ ﻧﺒﺰ‬nabaz pl. ‫ اﻧﺒﺎز‬anbāz nickname, sobriquet
‫ ﻧـﺒﺲ‬nabasa i (nabs, ‫ ﻧﺒﺴـﺔ‬nubsa), to utter, say, speak II do. | ‫ﻣـﺎ ﻧـﺒﺲ ﺑﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬
(bikalima) he did not say a word
‫ ﻧـﺒﺶ‬nabaša u (nabš) to excavate, dig up, dig out of the ground, unearth,
exhume, disinter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to uncover, lay open, unveil, disclose, reveal,
bring to light, bring out into the open (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II to search, rummage, burrow
(‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.), ransack, rifle (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧــﺒﺶ‬nabš excavation, unearthing, digging up; examination, search,
exploration; uncovering, disclosure, revelation | ‫ﻧـﺒﺶ اﻟﻘﺒـﻮر‬ desecration of
graves, body snatching
‫ ﻧﺒﺎش‬nabbāš gravedigger; body snatcher
‫ ﻧﺒﻴﺶ‬nabīš dug up, excavated
Confidential
‫ اﻧﺒـﻮش‬unbūš and ‫ اﻧﺒﻮﺷـﺔ‬unbūša pl. ‫ ا ﺑـﻴﺶ‬anābīš excavation, excavated
object
‫ ﻧـﺒﺾ‬nabaḍa i (nabḍ, ‫ ﻧﺒﻀـﺎن‬nabaḍān) to beat, throb, pulsate, palpitate
(heart, pulse); -- u (‫ ﻧﺒﻮض‬nubūḍ) to flow off, run off, drain (water)
‫ ﻧـﺒﺾ‬nabḍ, nabaḍ pl. ‫ اﻧﺒـﺎض‬anbāḍ throbbing, throb, pulsation, palpitation;

pulse
‫ ﻧﺒﻀﺔ‬nabḍa, nabaḍa pulsation, pulse beat
‫ ﺑـﺾ‬nābiḍ pulsating, pulsative, beating, throbbing, palpitating; spring,
main-spring, coil spring, spiral spring | ‫ﳊﻴـﺎة‬ ‫ﺑـﺾ‬ (bi-l-ḥayāh) vibrant with
life
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﺾ‬manbiḍ spot where the pulse or heartbeat is felt
‫ ﻧﺒﻂ‬nabaṭa u i (nabṭ, ‫ ﻧﺒﻮط‬nubūṭ) to well out, gush out, spout, issue, stream
forth (water) II (eg.) to find fault (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with s.o.), carp, scoff, gibe, sneer (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
at s.o.) IV to cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to gush out or well forth, bring (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to the
surface; to find, discover (‫ ﻫـ‬water, oil, etc.), come upon (‫)ﻫـ‬, open up, tap (.a
a source, a well, etc.) X to find, discover (‫اﱃ‬I water, oil, etc.), come upon
1524
(‫)ﻫ ـ‬, open up, tap (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a source, a well, etc.); to invent, discover, think up,
devise, design, contrive, find out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to derive, extract, draw, take ( ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. from)
‫ ﻧﺒﻂ‬nabaṭ depth, deep, profundity; the innermost, inmost part, core, heart
‫ اﻟﻨﺒﻂ‬an-nabaṭ pl. ‫ اﻷﻧﺒﺎط‬al-anbāṭ the Nabateans
‫ ﻧﺒﻄﻲ‬nabaṭī Nabatean (adj. and n.)
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط‬isṭinbāt discovery, invention
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺒﻂ‬mustanbiṭ discoverer, inventor
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺒﻄﺎت‬mustanbaṭāt discoveries, inventions
‫ ﻧﺒـﻊ‬naba‘a u i a (nab‘, ‫ ﻧﺒـﻮع‬nubū‘, ‫ ﻧﺒﻌـﺎن‬naba‘ān) to well, well up, gush
forth, flow, issue (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to rise, spring, originate (river) IV to cause (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) to gush forth or flow out
‫ ﻧﺒـﻊ‬nab‘ a tree whose wood was used in arrow-making; spring, source |
‫( ﻗﺮع اﻟﻨﺒﻊ ﻟﻨﺒﻊ‬nab‘a) approx.: to cross swords with the opponent
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﺒـﻊ‬manba‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ‬manābi‘2 spring, well; fountainhead, springhead,
source, origin | ‫زﻳﺖ‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬m. zait or ‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﱰول‬oil well
‫ ﻳﻨﺒﻮع‬yanbū’ pl. ‫ ﻳﻨﺎﺑﻴﻊ‬yanābī‘2 spring, source, well
‫ ﻧﺒﻎ‬nabaga a u i (nabg, ‫ ﻧﺒﻮغ‬nubūg) to arise, emerge (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from), come to the
fore, come in eight, appear, show; to spread, diffuse, be diffused; to have
superior or extraordinary qualities, stand out, distinguish o.s., be
distinguished, be marked; to excel, be outstanding (‫ ﰲ‬in); to be an
outstanding, exceptional man, be a genius
‫ ﻧﺒـﻮغ‬nubūg eminence, distinction; superior or extraordinary qualities,
exceptional faculties, giftedness, talent, genius; outstanding greatness,
brilliancy, genius (of an artistic achievement)
‫ ﺑـﻎ‬nābig outstanding, distinguished; gifted, talented; man of genius,
brilliant person
‫ ﺑﻐـﺔ‬nābiga pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﺑـﻎ‬nawābig2 a distinguished, famous, or outstanding
man, a poetic genius
‫ ﻧﺒـﻖ‬nabq, nibq, nabaq, nabiq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬nabk, a Christ’s-thorn
(Zizyphus spina-christi; bot.); lotus fruit; lotu. blossom
‫ اﻧﺒﻴﻖ‬anbīq, inbīq pl. ‫ ا ﺑﻴﻖ‬anābīq2 alembic, distilling flask
1525
‫ ﻧﺒﻜﺔ‬nabka, nabaka hill, hillock

‫ ﻧﺒـﻞ‬nabala u (nabl) to shoot arrows (‫ ه‬at s.o.); -- nabula u (‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻟـﺔ‬nabāla) to
be noble, noble-minded, generous, magnanimous, highborn, patrician; to be
above s.th. (‫)ﻋﻦ‬, be too high-minded to stoop to (‫)ﻋﻦ‬
‫ ﻧﺒﻞ‬nabl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻧﺒﺎل‬nibāl, ‫ اﻧﺒﺎل‬anbāl arrows
‫ ﻧﺒـﻞ‬nubl and ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻟـﺔ‬nabāla nobility, nobleness, exalted, rank, or station,
eminence; noble-mindedness, high-mindedness, magnanimity, generosity
‫ ﻧﺒـﻞ‬nabl and ‫ ﻧﺒﻴـﻞ‬nabīl pl. ‫ ﻧﺒـﺎل‬nibāl, ‫ ﻧـﺒﻼء‬nubalā’2 noble; lofty. exalted,
sublime, august; aristocratic, highborn, highbred, patrician, distinguished;
noble-minded, high-minded, generous, magnanimous; excellent,
outstanding, superior; magnificent, splendid, glorious; ‫اﻟﻨﺒﻴــﻞ‬ pl. ‫اﻟﻨــﺒﻼء‬
(formerly:) title of members of the Egyptian royal family
‫ ﻧﺒﺎل‬nabbāl pl. ‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻟﺔ‬nabbāla and ‫ ﺑﻞ‬nābil pl. ‫ ﻧﺒﻞ‬nubbāl archer, bowman
‫ ﻧﺒـﻪ‬nabaha u, nabiha a and nabuha u (‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻫـﺔ‬nabāha) to be well-known,
noted, renowned, famous; -- nabiha a (nabah) to heed, mind, note, observe
(‫ ل‬s.th.), pay attention (‫ ل‬to), take notice (‫ ل‬of); to wake up, awaken II to
Confidential
call s.o.’s attention (‫ )ه‬to (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, point out, show, indicate (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ه‬
to s.o. s.th.); to inform, tell, apprise, notify (‫ اﱃ‬or
(‫ه‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. of); to remind
‫ اﱃ‬s.o. of); to inform, instruct, brief (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. about); to warn, caution
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to wake, awakn, rouse (‫ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨـﻮم ه‬s.o. from sleep); to arouse, alert,
stir up, excite, stimulate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to awaken, rouse (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to
perceive, notice, note, realize (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s. th.), become aware, become
conscious (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬of); to be alerted, have one’s attention drawn (‫ ل‬or ,‫اﱃ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), take notice (‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ اﱃ‬of), pay attention (‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ اﱃ‬to), be
mindful, heedful (‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,‫ اﱃ‬of); to wake up, awaken; to come to, regain
consciousness (with ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬ li-nafsihī) VIII to be on one’s guard, be wary,
cautious, careful; to be awake, alert, wakeful; to awaken, wake up; to
perceive, notice, note, observe (‫ اﱃ‬or‫ ل‬s.th.); to understand, realize, grasp,
comprehend (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬s.th.); to be aware, be conscious (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬of s.th.); to
pay attention (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to); to come to, regain consciousness (with ‫ ﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬li-
nafsihī)
1526
‫ ﻧﺒـــﻪ‬nubh insight, discernment, perception, acumen, sagacity;

understanding, attention; vigilance, alertness
‫ ﻧﺒـﻪ‬nabih and ‫ ﻧﺒﻴـﻪ‬nabīh pl. ‫ ﻧﺒﻬـﺎء‬nubahā’2 noble, highborn, patrician;
outstanding, eminent, distinguished, excellent; famous, renowned,
celebrated; understanding, sensible, discerning, judicious, perspicacious
‫ ﻧﺒﺎﻫـﺔ‬nabāha fame, renown, celebrity; exalted rank or station, eminence,
nobility; vigilance, alertness; intelligence
‫ ﻣﻨﺒﻬـﺔ‬manbaha a call to draw s.o.’s attention to s.th. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, rousing call,
incitement, impetus, incentive (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
‫ ﺗﻨﺒﻴــﻪ‬tanbīh rousing, awakening; excitation, stimulation, incitement,
arousing; warning, cautioning, alerting; notification, notice, information;
admonition, exhortation, advice, counsel, briefing, instruction, direction;
nota bene, note, remark, annotation (in books) | ‫آﻟــﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴــﻪ‬ horn (of an
automobile, etc.)
‫ ﺗﻨﺒﻪ‬tanabbuh awakening, wakefulness, alertness
‫ اﻧﺘﺒـﺎﻩ‬intibāh attention, attentiveness; vigilance, watchfulness, alertness;
foresight, circumspection, prudence, care, carefulness; caution; heed, notice,
Confidential
observance | ‫ ﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ‬attentively, carefully
‫ ﺑـﻪ‬nābih noble, highborn, patrician; eminent; well-known, renowned,
distinguished; famous, important
‫ ﻣﻨﺒــﻪ‬munabbih awakening, rousing; warning, cautioning, alerting;
excitant, stimulant; (pl. -āt) alarm clock; stimulus, stimulative agent,
stimulant, excitant
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺒﻪ‬mutanabbih awake, wakeful; alert, vigilant, watchful
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺒــﻪ‬muntabih awake, wakeful; alert, vigilant, watchful; attentive,
heedful; careful, prudent, cautious, wary, guarded
‫ )ﻧﺒـﺎ )ﻧﺒـﻮ‬nabā u (‫ ﻧﺒـﻮ‬nabw, nubūw) to be far off, distant, remote; to move
away, withdraw in the distance; to mill (arrow, ‫ ﻋﻦ‬the target); to bounce off,
rebound, bounce, bound (‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬from-to; ball); to disagree (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with); to be
contradictory (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to), to conflict, be in conflict, be inconsistent (‫ ﻋﻦ‬with); to
be offensive, repugnant (‫ ﻋﻦ‬to s.o.); to dislike, find repugnant (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻧﺒـﺎ‬
‫( ﺑﻪ اﳌﻜﺎن‬makānu) he felt unable to remain in the place
‫ ﻧﱯ‬nabīy pl. -ūn, ‫ اﻧﺒﻴﺎء‬anbiyā’2 prophet | ‫ ﺧﺸﺐ اﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎء‬guaiacum wood
1527
‫ ﻧﺒـﻮي‬nabawī prophetic, of or pertaining to a prophet or specifically to the

Prophet Mohammed
‫ ﻧﺒﻮة‬nubūwa prophethood, prophecy
‫ ب‬nābin repugnant, distasteful, improper, ugly
‫ ﻧﺘـﺄ‬nata’a a (‫ ﻧـﺖء‬nat’, ‫ ﻧﺘـﻮء‬nutū’) to swell; to bulge, bulge out; to protrude,
project, jut out, stand out, be prominent, protuberant, embossed, in relief
‫ ﻧﺘﺄة‬nat’a hill, hillock, elevation
‫ ﻧﺘ ــﻮء‬nutū’ swelling, intumescence; growth, tumor; outgrowth,
excrescence; protrusion, projection, protuberance, prominence, bulge; hill,
hillock, elevation | ‫اﳉﺒﻬﺔ‬ ‫ ﻧﺘﻮء‬n. al-jabha salient, bulge in the front line (mil.)
‫ ﺗـﺊ‬nati’ pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاﺗﺊ‬nawāti’2 swelling, swollen; protruding, projecting,
jutting out, salient, protuberant, bulging; bulge, hump, protuberance | ‫ﺗـﺊ‬
‫( ﻛﻌﱪي‬ku‘burī) wristbone
‫ ﺗﺌــﺔ‬nāti’a pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاﺗﺊ‬nawāti’2 projection, protrusion, jut, prominence;
outgrowth, excrescence, protuberance; hump, elevation
‫ ﻧـﺘﺞ‬nataja i (‫ ﻧﺘـﺎج‬nitāj) to bear, bring forth, throw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a young one); to
Confidential
proceed, derive, arise, follow, ensue, result (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), be the result of
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ )ﻋـﻦ‬IV to bear, throw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a young one); to bring forth, yield, generate,
produce, make, manufacture, fabricate, create, originate, cause, provoke,
bring about, occasion (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give rise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to) X to conclude, gather, infer,
deduce, derive, trace (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th. from), draw a conclusion (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)

‫ ﻧﺘـﺎج‬nitāj (act or process of) bearing, throwing, littering (of animals);
brood, litter, offspring, young ones, young animals | ‫ﻧﺘـﺎج اﳋﻴـﻞ‬ n. al-kail
foal(s)
‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ‬natīja pl. ‫ ﻧﺘـﺎﺋﺞ‬natā’ij2 result, upshot, issue, outcome, consequence;
product, effect, immediate result, fruits, yield, proceeds, gain, profit;
(techn.) output; conclusion, inference, deduction; almanac, calendar; natījata
(prep.) because of, as a result of, due to, owing to | ‫ﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠـﺔ‬ consequently,
hence, therefore; ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ اﳉﻴـﺐ‬ n. al-jaib pocket calendar; ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ اﳊـﺎﺋﻂ‬ wall
calendar
‫ إﻧﺘـﺎج‬intāj generation; making, manufacture; production; rearing, raising,
breeding, growing, cultivation; productivity; creating, creation, creative
1528
activity; output (of a machine; O in mining) | ‫اﻹﻧﺘـﺎج اﻷدﰊ‬ (adabī) literary

production; ‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫ رﺳﻢ‬rasm al-i. excise tax
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج‬istintāj pl. -āt inference, conclusion; deduction
‫ ﺗـﺞ‬nātij resultant, resulting, following, ensuing, proceeding, deriving,
arising (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from); result; maker, producer
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻮج‬mantūj pl. -āt product, creation, work, production
‫ ﻣﻨـﺘﺞ‬muntij bearing, giving birth, producing; fruitful, productive; fertile,
fecund, prolific; conclusive (evidence); maker, manufacturer, producer;
film, producer
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺠــﺎت‬muntajāt proceeds, returns, yields, products | ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠــﺎت زراﻋﻴــﺔ‬
(zirā‘īya) agricultural products, farming products, produce
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬mustantij maker, manufacturer, producer
‫ ﻧﺘﺤﺔ‬natḥa exudation
1‫ ﻧﱰ‬natara u (natr) to grab, grasp, wrest away, take away by force (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
2 ‫ ﻧﱰات‬nitrāt nitrate
Confidential
‫ ﻧﱰوﺟﲔ‬nitrōjēn nitrogen
‫ ﻧـﺘﺶ‬nataša i (natš) to pull out, extract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pluck out, tear out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to snatch away; to beat, strike, hit
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺎش‬mintāš tweezers, pincette
‫ ﻧﺘـﻊ‬nata‘a u i (‫ ﻧﺘـﻮع‬nutū‘) to well up, bubble up, trickle out, ooze out,
dribble, trickle; -- (eg.) to lift up, carry away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﺘـﻒ‬natafa i (natf) to pluck out, pull out, tear out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬hair, and the like) II
do.
‫ ﻧﺘﻔﺔ‬nutfa pl. ‫ ﻧﺘﻒ‬nutaf tuft of hair; a small amount, a little of s.th.
‫ ﻧﺘﻴﻒ‬natīf pulled out, torn out; plucked
‫ ﻧﱳ‬natana i, natina a (natn) and natuna u (‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻧﺔ‬natāna, ‫ ﻧﺘﻮﻧـﺔ‬nutūna) to have
an offensive smell, be malodorous, stink; to decompose, rot, decay, become
putrid II to render putrid, putrefy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cause to decay or rot,
decompose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV = I
‫ ﻧـﱳ‬natn and ‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻧـﺔ‬natāna stench, evil smell, malodor; rotting, putrescence,
putrefaction, decomposition; decay
1529
‫ ﻧـﱳ‬natin stinking, evil-smelling, malodorous; rotten, putrid, putrescent,

putrefied, decayed, decomposed; (eg.) miserly, closefisted, stingy, niggardly
‫ ﻣﻨﱳ‬munattan putrefied, putrescent, rotten, decayed, decomposed
‫ ﻣﻨــﱳ‬muntin stinking, evil-smelling, malodorous; rotting, putrescent,
putrid, decayed
‫ ﻧﺜـﺮ‬natara u i (natr, ‫ ﻧﺜـﺎر‬nitār) to scatter, disperse, strew, sprinkle (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. over or on); to write in prose (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II to scatter, disperse, strew about
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VI and VIII to be scattered, about, be strewn about, be dispersed; to
scatter, disperse; to fall off, fall out
‫ ﻧﺜﺮ‬natr scattering, dispersal, dispersion; prose
‫ ﻧﺜـﺮ‬natrī prose, prosaic, in prose; small, little, insignificant, trifling, petty;
‫ ﻧﺜﺮ ت‬sundries, miscellany | ‫ ﻣﺼﺎرﻳﻒ ﻧﺜﺮﻳﺔ‬incidental expenses; petty expenses
‫ ﻧﺜـﺎر‬nattār scattered fragments; floating particles (dust); tiny pieces; O
confetti
‫ ﻧﺜﺮ‬natīr scattered, dispersed
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺛﺮ‬tanātur dispersion (e.g., of a machine gun)
Confidential
‫ ﺛﺮ‬nātir prose writer, prosaist
‫ ﻣﻨﺜـﻮر‬mantūr scattered, dispersed, strewn about; prosaic, prose; wall-
flower, gillyflower (Cheiranthus cheiri; bot.); see also ‫ ﻫﺒﺎء‬habā’
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮ‬mutanātir scattered
‫ ﳒـﺐ‬najuba u (‫ ﳒﺎﺑـﺔ‬najāba) to be of noble birth, be highborn, aristocratic,
patrician, noble, distinguished, excellent, highminded, generous,
magnanimous IV do.; to give birth (‫ ه‬to a child), bear (‫ ه‬a child); to beget,
sire (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ﻣﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ اﳒـﺐ‬he had children by her VIII and X to choose, select,
pick out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﳒﺐ‬najb and ‫ ﳒﺒﺔ‬nujaba noble, highminded, generous, magnanimous
‫ ﳒﺎﺑـﺔ‬najāba nobility, nobleness, noble descent, exalted rank or station,
eminence; excellence, superiority, perfection
‫ ﳒﻴـﺐ‬najīb pl. ‫ ﳒـﺐ‬nujub, ‫ ﳒﺒـﺎء‬nujabā’2, ‫ اﳒـﺎب‬anjāb of noble breed;
highborn, highbred, of noble descent, noble, distinguished, aristocratic,
patrician; excellent, superior, outstanding
‫ ﳒﺎب‬najjāb dromedary rider, courier
1530
‫ اﻧﺘﺠﺎب‬intijāb choice; selection

‫ ﳒـﺢ‬najaḥa a (najḥ, nujḥ, ‫ ﳒـﺎح‬najāḥ) to turn out well, come off well,
succeed; to progress well, develop satisfactorily; to succeed, have success
(‫ ﰲ‬in), be successful; to pass (‫اﻻﻣﺘﺤـﺎن‬ ‫ ﰲ‬the examination) II and IV to give
(‫ ه‬s.o.) successful (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) succeed, render successful (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) a success
‫ ﳒــﺢ‬nujḥ favorable, successful outcome, happy ending; success;
satisfactory development, good progress
‫ ﳒــﺎح‬najāḥ favorable, successful outcome, happy ending; success;
satisfactory development, good progress; passing (of an examination) | ‫ﻟﻘـﻲ‬
‫( ﳒﺎﺣﺎ‬laqiya) to have success, be successful, succeed, meet with success
‫ ﳒﻴﺢ‬najīḥ sound, good (advice, opinion)
‫ اﳒﺎح‬injāḥ success
‫ ﺟﺢ‬nājiḥ successful; passing, having passed (examination)
‫ ﳒـﺪ‬najada i (najd) to help, aid, assist, support (‫ ه‬s.o.), stand by s.o. (‫)ه‬,
Confidential
najida a (najad) to sweat, perspire II to furnish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to upholster (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), to comb, card, tease (‫ اﻟﻘﻄـﻦ‬al-quṭna cotton) III = najada IV = najada;
to travel in the highland (of Arabia) X to ask for help (‫ ه‬s.o.), appeal for
help) to s.o.), seek aid (‫ ه‬or ‫ ب‬from s.o.), to take liberties, make bold (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
with s.o.) ‫ه‬

‫ ﳒـﺪ‬najd pl. ‫ ﳒـﺎد‬nijād highland, upland, tableland, plateau; the Arabian
highland, Nejd
‫ ﳒﺪي‬najdī Nejd, Nejdi, native of Nejd
‫ ﳒـﺪة‬najda pl. najadāt help, aid, succor, assistance, support; emergency,
crisis, trouble, difficulty, distress, calamity; courage, bravery, intrepidity,
undauntedness, pl. auxiliaries, reinforcements | ‫!اﻟﻨﺠـﺪة! اﻟﻨﺠـﺪة‬ help! help!
‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺲ اﻟﻨﺠﺪة‬approx.: riot squad (Eg.)
‫ ﳒﺎد‬sword belt | ‫ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﺎد‬tall, of tall stature
‫ ﳒﺎد‬nijād upholsterer; (pl. ‫ )ﳒﺎدة‬a kind of boy scout (syr.)
‫ ﳒﺎدة‬nijāda upholsterer’s trade, upholstery
1531
‫ ﺗﻨﺠﻴﺪ‬tanjīd upholstering, upholstery work

‫ ﳒﺬ‬najada i (nad) to importune (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺟﺬ‬manājid 2 moles (zool.)
‫ ﺟـﺬ‬nājid pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﺟـﺬ‬nawājd2 molar | ‫( اﺑـﺪى ﻋـﻦ ﻧﻮاﺟـﺬﻩ‬abdā) to show one’s
teeth, display a hostile, threatening attitude (‫ ل‬toward s.o.); ‫ﻋـﺾ ﻟﻨﻮاﺟـﺬ‬
(‘aḍḍa) to grit one’s teeth; ‫( ﻋـﺾ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺟﺬﻳـﻪ‬nājidaihi) to have reached the
age of manhood; ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻋﺾ ﻟﻨﻮاﺟﺬ‬to cling stubbornly to ..., stick doggedly to
...
‫ ﳒﺮ‬najara u (najr) to hew, carve, plane (‫ ﻫـ‬wood)
‫ ﳒﺮ‬najr heat, hot time of the day
‫ ﳒﺎر‬najjār pl. -ūn carpenter, cabinetmaker, joiner
‫ ﳒﺎر‬nujār origin, descent, stock, root
‫ ﳒﺎرة‬nujāra wood shavings
‫ ﳒﺎرة‬nijāra woodworking, cabinetwork, joinery, carpentry
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬minjar pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺟﺮ‬manajir2 plane (tool)
‫ ﻣﻨﺠ ــﻮر‬manjūr pulley; sheave; waterwheel; woodwork, paneling,
wainscoting
‫ ﳒـﺰ‬najaza u (najz) to carry out, execute, implement, realize, accomplish,
fulfill, complete (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- najiza a (najaz) to be carried out, be executed,
be implemented, be realized, be accomplished, be completed, be achieved II
to carry out, execute, implement, realize, effect(uate}, accomplish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to fulfill, grant, answer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a wish, and the like) III to fight, battle, struggle
(‫ ه‬against s.o.) IV to carry out, execute, implement, realize, effect(uate),
accomplish, complete, consummate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to do (‫ ﻫ ـ‬work, a job); to
perform (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an action, an operation); to fulfill (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a promise), discharge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
duty); to finish (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) off, deal (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) the deathblow X to ask for the
fulfillment (‫ ﻫـ‬of a promise)
‫ ﳒ ــﺰ‬najz and ‫ ﳒ ــﺎز‬najāz execution, implementation, realization,
effectuation, completion, consummation, accomplishment, achievement,
fulfillment, discharge
1532
‫ ﺗﻨﺠﻴــﺰ‬tanjīz and ‫ اﳒــﺎز‬injāz execution, implementation, realization,

effectuation, accomplishment, achievement, completion, consummation;
performance; fulfillment, discharge
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺟﺰة‬munājaza and ‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺟﺰ‬tanājuz fight, struggle, contention, strife
‫ ﺟﺰ‬nājiz completed; full, total, whole, entire, complete, consummate
‫ ﳒـﺲ‬najusa u (‫ ﳒﺎﺳـﺔ‬najāsa) and najisa a (najas) to be impure, unclean,
soiled, dirty, sullied, stained, tainted II and IV to soil, sully, dirty, pollute,
contaminate, defile, stain, taint (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be or become impure, unclean,
soiled, sullied, polluted, contaminated, defiled, stained, tainted; to sully
o.s., contaminate o.s., defile o.s.
‫ ﳒـﺲ‬najas and ‫ ﳒﺎﺳـﺔ‬najāsa impurity, uncleanness, uncleanliness, dirt,
filth, squalor
‫ ﳒﺲ‬najis pl. ‫ اﳒﺎس‬anjās impure, unclean, defiled, polluted, contaminated,
soiled, sullied, dirty, filthy, squalid
‫ ﳒﺲ‬najis and ‫ ﳒﻴﺲ‬najīs incurable, fatal (disease)
‫ ﺗﻨﺠﻴﺲ‬tanjīs soiling, sullying, defilement, contamination, pollution
Confidential
‫ ﳒﺎﺷﻲ‬najāšī, nijāšī Negus, Emperor of Ethiopia
‫ ﳒـﻊ‬naja‘a a (naj‘, ‫ ﳒـﻮع‬nujū‘) to be useful, beneficial, salutary, have a
wholesome effect II and IV do. VIII to take refuge (‫ ه‬with s.o.), resort, have
recourse (‫ ه‬to); to seek (‫ ﻫ ـ‬rest, and the like) X to seek (‫ ﻫ ـ‬pasture, rest,
relaxation)
‫ ﳒﻊ‬naj‘ pl. ‫ ﳒﻮع‬nujū‘ hamlet, small village
‫ ﳒﻌﺔ‬nuj‘a search for food
‫ ﳒﻴـﻊ‬najī‘ useful, beneficial; wholesome, healthful, salubrious, salutary; --
blood
‫ ﺟﻊ‬nāji‘ useful, beneficial; wholesome, healthful, salubrious, salutary
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻊ‬muntaja‘ refuge, retreat; recreation center; health resort, rest center,
convalescent home, sanatorium
‫ ﳒﻒ‬najaf pl. ‫ ﳒﺎف‬nijāf (sand) hill, dune; dam, dike, levee; ‫ اﻟﻨﺠﻒ‬an-najaf
An Najaf (town in central Iraq)
‫ ﳒﻔﺔ‬najafa pl. -āt chandelier, luster
‫ ﳒﻞ‬najala u (najl) to beget, sire, father (‫ ه‬a son)
‫ ﳒﻞ‬najl pl. ‫ اﳒﺎل‬anjāl offspring, descendant, scion, son; progeny, issue
1533
‫ ﳒﻴﻞ‬najīl pl. ‫ ﳒﻞ‬nujūl a variety of orchard grass (Dactylis; bot.); herbage

‫ اﳒـﻞ‬anjal2, f. ‫ ﳒـﻼء‬najlā’2 large-eyed; large, big, wide (eye); gaping
(wound) | ‫( ﻃﻌﻨـﺔ ﳒـﻼء‬ṭa‘na) a blow causing a gaping wound; heavy blow or
thrust
‫ ﻣﻨﺠﻞ‬minjal pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺟﻞ‬manajil2 scythe, sickle
‫ ﻣﻨﺠﻠﺔ‬manjala vise
2 ‫ اﳒﻴﻞ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﳒـﻢ‬najama u (‫ ﳒـﻮم‬nujūm) to appear, come in sight, rise (star), begin,
commence, set in; to result, follow, ensue, arise, proceed, derive, originate,
spring (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) | ‫ﻗﺮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫( ﳒـﻢ‬qarnuhū) to begin to show II to observe the
stars; to predict the future from the stars, practice astrology; to pay in
installments V to observe the stars, predict the future from the stars
‫ ﳒـﻢ‬najm pl. ‫ ﳒـﻮم‬nujūm installment, partial payment; ‫ ﳒﻮﻣـﺎ‬nujūman in
installments
‫ ﳒــﻢ‬najm pl. ‫ ﳒــﻢ‬nujūm, ‫ اﳒــﻢ‬anjum celestial body; star; lucky star;
constellation, asterism; (coll.) herbs, herbage, grass | ‫ذﻧـﺐ‬ ‫( ﳒـﻢ ذو‬dū danab)
Confidential
comet; ‫اﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ ﳒﻮم‬film stars, movie stars
‫ ﳒﻤـﺔ‬najma pl. najamāt star; asterisk (typ.) | ‫ ﳒﻤـﺔ ﺳـﻴﻨﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬film star, movie
star; ‫اﻟﻨﺠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮض‬maraḍ an-n. a disease afflicting horses
‫ ﳒﻤــﻲ‬najmī star-shaped, stelliform, starlike, stellate, stellular, stellar,
astral; -- in installments, installment- (in compounds)
‫ ﳒﻴﻤﺔ‬nujaima small star, starlet
‫ ﳒﺎم‬najjām and ‫ ﻣﻨﺠﻢ‬munajjim pl. -ūn astrologer
‫ ﻣﻨﺠﻢ‬manjam pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺟﻢ‬manājim2 source, origin; mine; pit
‫ ﺗﻨﺠﻴﻢ‬tanjīm astrology
‫)ﳒـﺎ )ﳒـﻮ‬ najā u (najw, ‫ﳒـﺎء‬ najā’, ‫ﳒـﺎة‬ najāh) to save o.s., be saved, be
rescued, make for safety, get away (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from), escape (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.), he delivered
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬from) | ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫( ﳒﺎ‬bi-nafsihī) or ‫( ﳒـﺎ ﺑﺮوﺣـﻪ‬bi-rūḥihī) to save o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from);
‫( ﳒـﺎ ﲝﻴﺎﺗـﻪ‬bi-ḥayātihī) to save one’s life, save one’s skin; -- (najw, ‫ﳒـﻮى‬
najwan) to entrust a secret (‫ ه‬to s.o.) II and IV to deliver, save, fescue, bring
to safety (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) III to whisper (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.), entrust (‫ ب ه‬to
1534
s.o. s.th. secret), take into one’s confidence (‫ ه‬s.o.), confide (‫ ه‬in s.o.) | ‫ﺟﻰ‬
‫( ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsahū) to soliloquize, talk to o.s., say to o.s. VI to whisper to each
other, carry on a whispered conversation, converse intimately,
confidentially, exchange secrets, exchange ideas VIII to whisper into each
other’s ear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to save o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), escape (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to he
delivered (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ ﳒﺎ‬najan deliverance, release, rescue
‫ ﳒﺎة‬najāh escape, flight; deliverance, rescue; salvation, redemption; safety
‫ ﳒﻮ‬najw excrement
‫ ﳒـﻮة‬najwa pl. ‫ ﳒـﺎء‬najā’ elevation, rising ground, upland | ‫ ﰲ ﳒـﻮة ﻣـﻦ‬free
from, far from, a long way from
‫ ﳒﻮى‬najwā pl. ‫ ﳒﺎوى‬najāwā confidential talk, secret conversation
‫ ﳒﻲ‬najīy pl. ‫ اﳒﻴﺔ‬anjiya secret; confident, intimate friend, bosom friend
‫ ﻣﻨﺠﻰ‬manjan safety, security (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ ﻣﻨﺠــﺎة‬manjāh pl. ‫ ﻣﻨــﺎج‬manājin safe place, haven, refuge; safeguard,
Confidential
protection; rescue, salvation | ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
he safeguarded against
‫ ﻛـﺎن ﲟﻨﺠـﺎة‬to he safe from, he secure from,
‫ ﺗﻨﺠﻴﺔ‬tanjiya rescue, salvation, deliverance

‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺟــﺎة‬munājāh secret conversation; confidential talk | ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺟــﺎة اﻷرواح‬
spiritism, spiritualism
‫ ﻣﻨﺞ‬munajjin rescuer, savior, deliverer
‫ ﳓﺐ‬naḥaba i a (naḥb, ‫ ﳓﻴﺐ‬naḥīb) and VIII to sob, weep, cry, wail, lament
‫ ﳓــﺐ‬naḥb weeping, crying, sobbing. sighing, moaning, wail(ing),
lamentation; time, period, term, span, interval; death | ‫ﻗﻀــﻰ ﳓﺒــﻪ‬ qaḍā
naḥbahū to fulfill one’s vow, redeem one’s pledge; to pass away, die, expire
‫ ﳓﺐ‬naḥīb loud weeping, wail(ing), lamentation
‫ ﳓـﺖ‬naḥata i u (naḥt) to hew, dress (‫ ﻫ ـ‬stone or wood), plane, smooth,
face; to carve, cut out, hew out, chisel, sculpture; to form, coin (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﳓـﺖ‬naḥt wood or stone dressing, woodwork, stonework; sculpturing,
sculpture
‫ ﳓﺎت‬stonemason, stonecutter, stone dresser; sculptor
‫ ﳓﺎﺗﺔ‬nuḥāta shavings, parings, chips, splinters, slivers
1535
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﺖ‬minḥat pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺣﺖ‬manāḥit2 chisel

‫ ﳓـﺮ‬naḥara u (naḥr) to cut the throat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of an animal) slaughter, butcher,
kill (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an animal) VI to fight; to kill each other, hack each other to pieces,
engage in internecine fighting VIII to commit suicide; O to be scuttled
(ship) | ‫ﺷﻨﻘﺎ‬
‫( اﻧﺘﺤﺮ‬šanqan) to hang o.s., commit suicide by hanging
‫ ﳓـﺮ‬naḥr killing, slaughter(ing), butchering | ‫ ﻳـﻮم اﻟﻨﺤـﺮ‬yaum an-n. Day of
Immolation (on the 10th of Zu’lhijja)
‫ ﳓﺮ‬naḥr pl. ‫ ﳓﻮر‬nuḥūr upper portion of the chest, throat
‫ ﳓﺮ‬niḥr, and ‫ ﳓﺮﻳﺮ‬niḥrīr pl. ‫ ﳓﺎرﻳﺮ‬naḥārīr2 skilled, adept, proficient, versed,
experienced (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ ﳓﲑ‬naḥīr, and ‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻮر‬manḥūr killed, slaughtered, butchered
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﺮ‬manḥar throat, neck
‫ اﻧﺘﺤﺎر‬intiḥār suicide; O scuttling
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺤﺮ‬muntaḥir suicide (person)
Confidential
‫ ﳓﻴـﺰة‬naḥīza nature, natural disposition | ‫ ﻃﻴـﺐ اﻟﻨﺤﻴـﺰة‬ṭayyib an-n. good-
natured, good-humored; ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻴـﺰة‬ ‫ ﻛﺮﱘ‬high-minded, noble-minded, of generous
disposition
‫ ﳓـﺲ‬naḥasa a (naḥs) to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) unhappy, bring (‫ ه‬s.o.) bad luck; --
naḥusa u (‫ ﳓﻮﺳـﺔ‬nuḥūsa, ‫ ﳓﺎﺳـﺔ‬naḥāsa) and naḥisa a (naḥas) to be unlucky,
ominous, ill-fated, calamitous, ill-boding, portend evil II to covert coat, or
sheathe with copper, to copper (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﳓﺲ‬naḥs pl. ‫ ﳓﻮس‬nuḥūs misfortune, calamity, disaster
‫ ﳓـﺲ‬naḥs, naḥis unlucky, luckless, ominous, calamitous, disastrous, ill-
fated, ill-starred, sinister, ill-omened, ill-boding
‫ ﳓﺎس‬naḥḥās coppersmith
‫ ﳓﺎس‬nuḥās copper; (tun.) a small coin | ‫( ﳓﺎس اﺻﻔﺮ‬aṣfar2) brass
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺣﺲ‬manāḥis2 ominous events
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻮس‬manḥūs luckless, ill-fated, star-crossed
‫ ﳓـﻒ‬naḥufa a (‫ ﳓﺎﻓـﺔ‬naḥāfa) to be thin, slim, slender, lean, skinny; to
become thin, lose weight IV to make thin, weaken, debilitate, enervate,
emaciate
1536
‫ ﳓﺎﻓــﺔ‬naḥāfa leanness, thinness, slenderness, slimness. enervation.

emaciation, wasting away
‫ ﳓﻴﻒ‬naḥīf pl. ‫ ﳓﺎف‬niḥāf, ‫ ﳓﻔﺎء‬nuḥfā’2 thin, slim, slender, slight; delicate,
of fragile build; lean, gaunt, enervated, debilitated, emaciated
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻒ‬manḥaf dieting resort, weight-reducing resort
‫ ﻣﻨﺤــﻮف‬manḥūf thin, slim, slender, slight; lean, gaunt, enervated,
debilitated,
emaciated
‫ ﳓـﻞ‬naḥala u a, naḥula u and naḥila a (‫ ﳓـﻮل‬nuḥūl) to be emaciated; to
waste away, lose weight, grow thin; -- naḥala a (nuḥl) to make a donation,
make a present (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to ascribe, attribute, impute (wrongly, unduly) ( ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) IV to make thin, enervate, emaciate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to weaken (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) V and esp. VIII to ascribe to o.s., claim for o.s. (‫)ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬, assume unduly,
presume, arrogate to o.s. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to embrace (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a religion); to borrow,

adopt, take over (‫ ﻫ ـ‬foreign words); to take up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ اﻧﺘﺤـﻞ اﻹﺳـﻼم‬to
‫اﻧﺘﺤــﻞ اﲰــﻪ‬ name; ‫اﻧﺘﺤــﻞ اﻷﻋﺮاﺑﻴــﺔ‬
Confidential
profess Islam; (ismahū) to assume s.o.’s
(a‘rabīya) to claim to be a Bedouin; ‫اﻷﻋﺬار‬ ‫( اﻧﺘﺤﻞ‬a‘dār) to think up excuses,
make excuses, use pretexts or subterfuges; ‫( اﻧﺘﺤـﻞ ﺷﺨﺼـﻴﺔ ﻓـﻼن‬šakšīyata) to
pass o.s. off as s.o., purport to be ..., impersonate s.o.
‫ ﳓﻞ‬naḥl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬bee
‫ ﳓﻠﺔ‬naḥla pl. ‫ ﳓﻞ‬niḥal present, gift, donation; creed, faith, seat
‫ ﳓﺎل‬naḥḥāl beekeeper, apiarist, apiculturist
‫ ﳓﺎﻟﺔ‬niḥāla beekeeping, apiculture
‫ ﳓــﻮل‬nuḥūl leanness, skinniness, thinness, slimness, slenderness;
enervation, emaciation, wasting away
‫ ﳓﻴﻞ‬naḥīl and ‫ ﺣﻞ‬nāḥil pl. ‫ ﳓﻠﻰ‬naḥlā, ‫ ﳓﻞ‬nuḥḥal thin, slim, slender, lean,
skinny; enervated, emaciated, gaunt
‫ ﻣﻨﺤﻞ‬manḥal pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺣﻞ‬manāḥil2 beehive; apiary, apicultural station
‫ اﻧﺘﺤﺎل‬intiḥāl undue assumption, arrogation; literary theft, plagiarism
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺤﻞ‬muntaḥil plagiarist
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺤـﻞ‬muntaḥal: ‫( اﺳـﻢ ﻣﻨﺘﺤـﻞ‬ism) assumed name, alias, pseudonym, nom
de guerre
1537
‫ ﳓـﻢ‬naḥama i (naḥm, ‫ ﳓـﻴﻢ‬naḥīm, ‫ ﳓﻤـﺎن‬naḥamān) to clear one’s throat; to

wheeze, pant, gasp
‫ ﳓﺎم‬nuḥām flamingo
‫ ﳓﻦ‬naḥnu we
‫ ﳓﻨﺢ‬naḥnaḥa and II tanaḥnaḥa to clear one’s throat, to hem, say “ahem”
‫ ﳓﻨﺤﺔ‬naḥnaḥa hem, hawk, little cough
‫ )ﳓـﺎ )ﳓـﻮ‬naḥā a u (naḥw) to wend one’s way (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫ ه‬to), go, walk, move,
turn (‫ﻫـ‬ ,‫ ه‬to, toward), take the road (‫ ﻫـ‬to), go in the direction (‫ ﻫـ‬of) | ‫ﳓﺎ ﳓﻮﻩ‬
(naḥā naḥwahū)
to follow s.o., follow s.o.’s example, be guided by s.o. or s.th.; to imitate
s.o.; to be of the same nature, of the same kind, on the same line as ..., be
like ...;‫ ﳓـﺎ ﳓـﻮ اﻟﺒـﺎب‬to walk toward the door; ‫ ﳓـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﳓـﻮ اﻟﺒـﺎب‬to show s.o. to
the door II to put aside, push away, brush aside (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to remove, take
away (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from) IV to turn away, avert (‫ ﺑﺼـﺮﻩ ﻋـﻦ‬baṣarahū ‘an one’s
eyes from); to turn (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.), assail, overcome (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

‫ ب‬s.o. with); to
Confidential
help (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o. reproach, or the like), shower (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. with); to
turn, apply o.s. attend (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.th.) V to step aside, go away, withdraw,
move away, fall back (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to turn away; to forgo, renounce,
waive (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to abandon, give up, surrender, yield, relinquish (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.);
to retreat, retire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a place); to lean, rest, support o.s. (‫ ل‬on) VIII to turn
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬to, toward); to lean, support o.s. (‫ ل‬on) | ‫ﺣﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ اﻧﺘﺤـﻰ‬to turn aside; ‫اﻧﺘﺤـﻰ‬
‫ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎ‬do., step back, withdraw, retire
‫ ﳓﻮ‬naḥw pl. ‫ اﳓﺎء‬anḥā’ direction; side; section, part; way, course, method,
manner, mode, fashion; (with foll. genit.) corresponding to, analogous to,
similar to, like, somewhat like; (gram.) grammar; syntax | ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ‬naḥwi)
in the manner of, as; ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ‬naḥwin) rather, pretty much; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬in
this manner, this way; in this respect; ‫ وﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻨﺤـﻮ‬and so forth, and so on;
‫ ﰲ ﳓـﻮ اﻟﺴـﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬at about the seventh hour, at about 7 o’clock, around
seven; ‫ ﻣﻦ ﳓﻮي‬as far as I am concerned, as for me, for my part, I for one; ‫ﳓﻮا‬
‫( ﻣﻦ‬naḥwan) approximately, roughly, about, circa (with foll. figure); ‫ﰲ اﳓـﺎء‬
1538
‫( اﻷرض‬a. il-arḍ) all over the earth; ‫‘( )ﰲ ﻛـﻞ اﳓـﺎء اﻟﻌـﺎﱂ )اﳌﻌﻤـﻮرة‬ālam) all over
the world; ‫( اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﳌﻘﺎرن‬muqārin) comparative grammar
‫ ﳓـﻮ‬naḥwa (prep.) in the direction of, toward, to; according to, in analogy
with, similar to, like, as, as for instance; approximately, roughly, about,
around, circa
‫ ﳓﻮي‬naḥwī syntactical; grammatical; grammarian; philologist
‫ ﻣﻨﺤـﻰ‬manḥan pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎح‬manāḥin aim, goal, object, end, purpose; manner of
acting, mode of conduct, behavior; direction; (rhetorical, literary) form;
field, domain, realm, province, bailiwick, sphere (fig.) | ‫ﻣﻨـﺎﺣﻲ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬ m. l-
ḥayāh walks of life
‫ ح‬nāḥin pl. ‫ ﳓﺎة‬nuḥāh grammarian; philologist
‫ ﺣﻴﺔ‬nāḥiya pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاح‬nawāḥin side; direction; viewpoint, standpoint, aspect;
region, area, section; sphere, domain, field; district, canton; (Ir.) subdivision
of a‫ ﻗﻀـﺎء‬qaḍā’, roughly corresponding to a county; off side, secluded part,
corner (e.g., of a room); nāḥiyata in the direction of, toward, to | ‫ﻣـﻦ ﺣﻴـﺔ‬
with regard to, in respect to, as to, as for, concerning, regarding, on the part
Confidential
of; ‫ﻣـﻦ ﺣﻴـﺔ اﺧـﺮى‬ (ukrā) on the other hand; ‫‘( ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴـﺔ اﻟﻌﺴـﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬askarīya)
from a military standpoint; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﺣﻴـﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴـﺔ‬de jure; ‫( ﻣـﻦ ﺣﻴـﺔ واﻗﻌﻴـﺔ‬wāqi‘īya)
de facto; ‫ ﺳـﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻨـﻮاﺣﻲ‬sound in body; ‫ ﻣﺘﻌـﺪد اﻟﻨـﻮاﺣﻲ‬muta‘addid an-n. many-
sided; ‫ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ‬in every respect
‫ ﻧﺦ‬nakk pl. ‫ اﳔﺎخ‬ankāk mat; rug, carpet

‫ ﳔـﺐ‬nakaba u (nakb) and VIII to select, pick, choose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to choose,
make one’s choice; to vote, go to the polls; to elect (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﳔـﺐ‬nakb selection, choice; a drink to s.o.’s health | ‫( ﺷـﺮب ﳔـﺐ‬šariba) to
drink to s.o.’s health, toast s.o.
‫ ﳔﺒـﺔ‬nukba pl. ‫ ﳔـﺐ‬nukab selected piece, selected item, selected passage;
the pick, cream, elite, flower
‫ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬intikāb pl. -āt election (pol.); choice; selection
‫ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎﰊ‬intikābī of or pertaining to an election or elections, election (used
attributively); elective; electoral | ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ‬ma’raka) election campaign
‫ ﺧــﺐ‬nākib and ‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺨــﺐ‬muntakib pl. -ūn elector (esp., pol.), voter,
constituent
1539
‫ ﻣﻨﺨﻮب‬mankūb lean, emaciated

‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺨــﺐ‬muntakab chosen, elected, selected, hand-picked; elected
candidate; (pl. -āt) team (in sports); ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺒـﺎت‬ = selected pieces, selected
items, selected passages
‫ ﳔـﺮ‬nakara u i (nakr, ‫ ﳔـﲑ‬nakīr) to snort; to snore; to gnaw (‫ ل‬on s.th.),
bore, burrow, eat (‫ ﰲ‬into s.th.; worm); to eat away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at s.th.); to enervate,
sap, ruin, decay (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- nakira a (nakar) to be eaten away, worm-eaten,
rotten, decayed, full of holes; to spoil, rot, decay; to decompose,
disintegrate, crumble
‫ ﳔـﺮ‬nakr snorting, snort; snoring, snore; decay, rot, rottenness; tooth
decay, caries
‫ ﳔﺮ‬nakr and ‫ ﺧﺮ‬nākir worm-eaten; rotting, decaying
‫ ﳔﲑ‬nakīr snort(ing), snoring, snore; grunt(s)
‫ ﻣﻨﺨﺮ‬mankar, mankir, minkar pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﺮ‬manākir2 nostril; nose
‫ ﻣﻨﺨﺎر‬minkār pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﲑ‬manākīr2 nostril; nose
Confidential
‫ ﳔـﺮب‬nakraba to eat holes into s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, eat away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at); to hollow out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﳔﺮوب‬nukrūb pl. ‫ ﳔﺎرﻳﺐ‬nakārīb2 hole; cavity, hollow; cell; honeycomb
‫ ﳔﺰ‬nakaza a (nakz) to bore into or through s.th. (‫ ;ﻫـ‬worm)
‫ ﳔـﺲ‬nakaaa a u (naks) to prick, goad, prod, urge on, drive on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an
animal)
‫ ﳔﺲ‬nakkās drover; cattle dealer; slave trader; white slaver
‫ ﳔﺎﺳﺔ‬nikāsa cattle trade; slave trade; white-slave traffic
‫ ﻣﻨﺨﺲ‬minkas pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﺲ‬manākis2 spur, goad, prod (for driving cattle)
‫ ﻣﻨﺨﺎس‬minkās pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻴﺲ‬manākīs2 spur, goad, prod (for driving cattle)
‫ ﳔﺸﻮش‬nakšūš pl. ‫ ﳔﺎﺷﻴﺶ‬nakāšīš2 gill, branchia (respiratory organ of fish)
‫ ﳔﻊ‬V to clear one’s throat, hawk, spit out, expectorate
‫ ﳔـﺎع‬nukā‘, nikā‘ pl. ‫ ﳔـﻊ‬nuku‘ spinal marrow, spinal cord; bone marrow,
medulla; brain
‫ ﳔﺎﻋﺔ‬nukā’a phlegm, mucus, sputum, expectoration
‫ ﳔﻞ‬nakala u (nakl) to sift, bolt, sieve out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to strain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V and
VIII do.
1540
‫ ﳔﻞ‬nakl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬and ‫ ﳔﻴﻞ‬nakīl palm; date palm

‫ ﳔﺎﻟـﺔ‬nukāla residue left in a sieve; bran; waste, refuse | ‫ﻻ ﻳﺴـﺎوي ﻣـﻞء اذﻧـﻪ‬
‫ ﳔﺎﻟﺔ‬lā yusāwī mil’a udnihī nukālatan he isn’t worth a bent nickel
‫ ﻣﻨﺨﻞ‬mankal, munkul pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻞ‬manākil2 sieve
‫ ﳔـﻢ‬nakama a (nakam) and V to clear one’s throat, hawk, spit out,
expectorate
‫ ﳔﺎﻣﺔ‬nukāma phlegm, mucus, sputum, expectoration
‫ ﻏﺪة ﳔﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬gudda nukāmīya hypophysis, pituitary body (anat.)
‫ )ﳔـﺎ )ﳔـﻮ‬nakā u (‫ ﳔـﻮة‬nakwa) to be proud, haughty, supercilious (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
toward s.o.) II and IV to inflame, incite, excite, stimulate, arouse, awaken (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﳔـﻮة‬nakwa haughtiness, arrogance; pride, dignity, sense of honor, self-
respect; high-mindedness, generosity
‫ ﻧـﺪ‬nadda i (nadd, ‫ ﻧـﺪد‬nadad, ‫ ﻧـﺪاد‬nidād, ‫ ﻧـﺪود‬nudūd, ‫ ﻧﺪﻳـﺪ‬nadīd) to run
away, flee; to slip away; to slip out (exclamation); to escape (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.) II to
Confidential
expose, show up, compromise (‫ ب‬s.o.); to criticize (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.), find
fault (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻧـﺪ‬nadd high hill; -- nadd, nidd incense (of aloeswood, with ambergris,
musk and frankincense)
‫ ﻧـﺪ‬nidd pl. ‫ اﻧـﺪاد‬andād equal, (a)like, same; an equal, a peer; partner;
antagonist, rival
‫ ﻧﺪﻳﺪ‬nadīd pl. ‫ ﻧﺪداء‬nudadā’2 equal; rival
‫ ﺗﻨﺪﻳــﺪ‬tandīd pl. -āt criticism; revilement, abuse, disparagement,
defamation
‫ ﻧـﺪب‬nadaba u (nadb) to mourn, lament, bewail (‫ ه‬the deceased); to
appoint, assign (‫ه‬ ‫ ل‬s.o. to an office), detail (‫ ل ه‬s.o. for a job, for a task);
to send as a representative or delegate, to delegate, depute, deputize (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to commission, charge, entrust (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬with); -- nadiba a (nadab) to scar
over, cicatrize, heal IV = nadiba VIII to appoint, assign (‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ s.o. to an
office), detail (‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ s.o. for a job, for a task); to commission, charge,
empower, authorize (‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ s.o. to do s.th., ‫ب‬ with), order (‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ s.o. to do
1541
s.th.); to entrust (‫ ل ه‬to s.o. a task); (mil.) to detach, detail, transfer (‫ ل ه‬s.o.
to); (with ‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsahū) to apply o.s., devote o.s. dedicate o.s. (‫ ل‬to s.th.); to
give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a country) the mandate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over); to comply readily (‫ ل‬with an
order or instruction), be willing, be prepared, stand ready (‫ ل‬to); to present
o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), turn (‫ اﱃ‬toward, to)
‫ ﻧــﺪب‬nadb weeping, wailing, lamentation; lament, dirge, elegy;
assignment, commissioning, delegation, deputation; appointment,
authorization, mandation
‫ ﻧﺪب‬nadab pl. ‫ اﻧﺪاب‬andāb, ‫ ﻧﺪوب‬nudūb scar, cicatrice
‫ ﻧﺪﺑﺔ‬nadba pl. ‫ اﻧﺪاب‬andāb, ‫ ﻧﺪوب‬nudūb scar, cicatrice; scabby wound
‫ ﻧﺪﺑﺔ‬nudba lamentation for the dead; elegy; dirge, funeral song
‫ ﻧﺪاﺑﺔ‬nadāba pl. -āt hired female mourner
‫ ﻣﻨـﺪب‬mandab pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎدب‬manādib2 wail, lamentation | ‫ ب اﳌﻨـﺪب‬Bab el
Mandeb (strait between SW Arabia and Africa; geogr.)
‫ اﻧﺘــﺪاب‬intidāb deputation, appointment; commissioning, charging,
Confidential
authorization; detailing, detachment, assignment, mission; (pl. -āt) mandate
(over a territory); mandatory rule |
power;
Nations)
‫دوﻟـﺔ اﻻﻧﺘـﺪاب‬ daulat al-int. mandatory
‫ ﳉﻨـﺔ اﻻﻧﺘـﺪا ت‬lajnat al-int. Mandate Commission (of the League of
‫ اﻧﺘﺪاﰊ‬intidābī mandatory | ‫( ادارة اﻧﺘﺪاﺑﻴﺔ‬idāra) mandatory administration

‫ دﺑﺔ‬nādiba pl. -āt, ‫ ﻧﻮادب‬nawādib2 hired female mourner
‫ ﻣﻨــﺪوب‬mandūb bewailed, bemoaned, mourned, lamented; regrettable,
deplorable, lamentable; -- (pl. -ūn) deputy, delegate, agent, functionary,
commissioner; representative; representative of the press, correspondent,
reporter (of a newspaper); plenipotentiary, authorized agent; (Isl. Law)
recommended | ‫ ﻣﻨـﺪوب اﻟﺘـﺄﻣﲔ‬insurance agent; ‫( ﻣﻨـﺪوب ﺧـﺎص‬kaṣṣ) special
envoy; ‫( ﻣﻨﺪوب ﺳﺎم‬sāmin) High Commissioner; ‫ ﻣﻨﺪوب ﻓـﻮق اﻟﻌـﺎدة‬ambassador
extraordinary; ‫( ﻣﻨـﺪوب ﻣﻔـﻮض‬mufawwaḍ) plenipotentiary, authorized agent;

(dipl.) minister; ‫ ﻣﻨـﺪوب ﻓـﻮق اﻟﻌـﺎدة ووزﻳـﺮ ﻣﻔـﻮض‬ambassador extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary (official title of ambassadors)
‫ ﻣﻨﺪوﺑﻴﺔ‬mandūbīya delegation; High Commission
1542
‫ ﻣﻨﺘـﺪب‬muntadab deputized, delegated; commissioned, charged; entrusted;

appointed; assigned, detailed | ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪﺑﺔ‬
‫( دوﻟﺔ‬daula) mandatory power
‫ ﻧﺪح‬nadaḥa a (nadḥ) to extend, expand, enlarge (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﺪﺣـﺔ‬nadḥa, nudḥa wide, open space; freedom (of action) | ‫ﻻ ﻧﺪﺣـﺔ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬
(nadḥata) it is indispensable, unavoidable, inevitable; ‫ﻻ اﺟــﺪ ﱄ ﻧﺪﺣــﺔ ﻋــﻦ‬
(ajidu, nadḥatan) I feel compelled to ...
‫ ﻣﻨﺪوﺣــﺔ‬mandūḥa pl. ‫ ﻣﻨــﺎدح‬manādiḥ2 and ‫ ﻣﻨﺘــﺪح‬muntadaḥ alternative,
choice; freedom of action | ‫ﻻ ﻣﻨﺪوﺣـﺔ ﻟـﻪ‬ (mandūḥata) it is indispensable,
absolutely necessary, mandatory, imperative for him; ‫)ﻟـﻚ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﻣﻨﺪوﺣـﺔ )ﻣﻨﺘـﺪح‬
it is up to you, it is optional for you; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫( ﻟـﻮ ﻳـﺮ ﻣﻨﺪوﺣـﺔ‬lam yara mandūḥatan)
to feel obligated, feel compelled to ...
1 ‫ ﻧـﺪر‬nadara u (nadr, ‫ ﻧـﺪور‬nudūr) to be rare; to be uncommon, unusual; --
nadura u (‫ ﻧﺪارة‬nadāra) to be strange, odd, queer, unusual, extraordinary V to
make fun (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of); to joke, jest VI to tell each other stories and jokes
Confidential
‫ ﻧﺪر‬nadr rare; strange, odd
‫ ﻧﺪرة‬nadra, nudra and ‫ ﻧﺪورة‬nudūra rarity, rareness; nadratan rarely, seldom
| ‫اﻟﻨﺪرة‬ ‫ ﰲ‬rarely, seldom
‫ اﻧﺪر‬andar pl. ‫ ا در‬anādir2 (tun.) threshing floor
‫ اﻧﺪر‬andar2 rarer
‫ ﻣﻨﺪرة‬mandara pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎدر‬manādir2 (tun.) threshing floor; see also below
‫ ﻣﻨﺎدرات‬munādarāt causeries on amusing, witty topics
‫ ﺗﻨﺪر‬tanaddur amusement, fun-making, joking
‫ ﺗﻨﺎدر‬tanādur gay chat
‫ در‬nādir rare; infrequent; strange, odd, unusual, uncommon; excellent,
precious, priceless; an eccentric, a crank, an odd fellow; ‫ درا‬nādiran rarely,
seldom | ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻨﺎدر‬rarely, seldom; ‫ در اﳌﺜﺎل‬unparalleled, singular, unique; ‫ﻋﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫درة‬ (‘umla) specie, hard money
‫ درة‬nādira pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮادر‬nawādir2 rarity, rare thing, rare phenomenon; rare,
uncommon word; phenomenon, prodigy, extraordinary person; funny, droll
story, anecdote, joke; accident, incident
1543
2 ‫ ﻣﻨﺪرة‬mandara (for ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮة‬, esp. eg.) pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎدر‬manādir2 reception parlor for
male visitors; ‫ﳎﺎﻟﺲ‬ =) ‫ )ﻣﻨﺎدر‬parties
‫ ﻧـﺪس‬nadasa u to throw down, bring to the ground (‫ ه‬s.o.); to revile,
defame, discredit (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﺪف‬nadafa i (nadf) to tease, comb, or card cotton
‫ ﻧـﺪف‬nadf teasing, combing, carding (of cotton) | ‫ ﺟﻬـﺎز اﻟﻨـﺪف‬jahāz an-n.
card, carding machine
‫ ﻧﺪﻓـﺔ‬nudfa pl. ‫ ﻧـﺪف‬nudaf flock (of wool); flake | ‫ ﻧﺪﻓـﺔ اﻟـﺜﻠﺞ‬n. at-talj
snowflake
‫ ﻧﺪﻳﻒ‬nadīf and ‫ ﻣﻨﺪوف‬mandūf carded, teased (cotton)
‫ ﻧﺪاف‬naddāf cotton carder, cotton teaser
‫ ﻣﻨﺪف‬mindaf pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎدف‬manādif2 teasing bow (for carding cotton)
‫ ﻧﺪل‬nadala u (nadl) to snatch away (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﺪل‬nadl = ‫ﻧﺬل‬
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﺪاﻟﺔ‬mindāla rammer
‫ دل‬nādil pl. ‫ ﻧﺪل‬nudul waiter; servant who waits on table
2‫ ﻣﻨـﺪل‬mandal: ‫ ﺿـﺮب اﳌﻨـﺪل‬ḍarb al-m. (eg.) a magic practice in which a
fortuneteller, or a medium, prophesies while contemplating a mirror-like
surface
‫ ﻣﻨﺪﻳﻞ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻧـﺪم‬nadima a (nadam, ‫ ﻧﺪاﻣـﺔ‬nadāma) to repent (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), rue, regret (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.th.) III to drink, carouse (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V = I VI to drink together, carouse
together
‫ ﻧﺪم‬nadam, ‫ ﻧﺪاﻣﺔ‬nadāma remorse, repentance, regret
‫ ﻧـﺪﱘ‬nadīm pl. ‫ ﻧـﺪﻣﺎء‬nudamā’2, ‫ ﻧـﺪام‬nidām drinking companion; friend,
intimate, confidant
‫ ﻧـﺪﻣﺎن‬nadmān pl. ‫ ﻧـﺪاﻣﻰ‬nadāmā repenting, repentant, rueful, remorseful,
regretful
‫ ﻣﻨﺪم‬mandam remorse, repentance, regret
‫ ﻣﻨﺎدﻣﺔ‬munādama drinking companionship, intimate friendship
‫ ﺗﻨﺪم‬tanaddum remorse, repentance, regret
1544
‫ دم‬nādim pl. ‫ ﻧــﺪام‬nuddām repenting, repentant, rueful, remorseful,

regretful
‫ ﻣﻨﺎدم‬munādim drinking companion, boon companion, intimate
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺪم‬mutanaddim repenting, repent, ant, rueful, remorseful, regretful
‫ ﻧﺪﻩ‬nadaha a (nadh) to drive, urge, spur on (‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫)ﻧــﺪا )ﻧـﺪو‬ nadā u (nadw) to call (‫ ه‬s.o.); to invite; to call together,
convoke, convene, summon (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a meeting); to get together, meet, convene,
assemble, gather; -- ‫ ﻧـﺪي‬nadiya a (‫ ﻧـﺪى‬nadan, ‫ ﻧـﺪاوة‬nadāwa, ‫ ﻧـﺪوة‬nudūwa) to
be moist, damp, dewy, wet | ‫اﳉﺒـﲔ‬ ‫ ﺷـﻲء ﻳﻨـﺪى ﻟـﻪ‬an embarrassing or shocking
thing, a disgraceful thing II to moisten, wet, bedew (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to shout, call
out, cry out, exclaim; to call (‫ ب‬or ‫ ه‬s.o. or for s.o., also ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, summon (‫ه‬
s.o., also ‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to call out, shout (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to call for s.th. (‫)ب‬, invite to
s.th. (‫ ;)ب‬to proclaim, announce (‫ ب‬s.th.); to emphasize (‫ ب‬s.th.); O to
announce, act as
Confidential
announcer (radio); to cry one’s wares, hawk (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. to be sold) |
‫رﺋﻴﺴـﺎ‬ (nūdiya) to be proclaimed president IV = II; to be noble, generous,
magnanimous V to he moistened, he bedewed; to show o.s. generous,
liberal, openhanded VI and VIII to get together, meet, convene, gather,
assemble, form a club
‫ﻧﻮدي ﺑﻪ‬
‫ ﻧـﺪوة‬nadwa council; debating group, study group; club | ‫ دار اﻟﻨـﺪوة‬city hall,
town hall; parliament, house of representatives, chamber of deputies
‫ ﻧﺪوة‬nudūwa and ‫ ﻧﺪاوة‬nadāwa moistness, moisture, dampness
‫ ﻧـﺪى‬nadan pl. ‫ اﻧـﺪاء‬andā’, ‫ اﻧﺪﻳـﺔ‬andiya moistness, moisture, dampness,
wetness; dew; generosity, liberality, magnanimity
‫ ﻧـﺪ‬nadin and ‫ ﻧـﺪ ن‬nadyān2 moist, damp | ‫ ﻧـﺪم اﻟﻜـﻒ‬al-kaff generous,
liberal, openhanded
‫ ﻧـﺪى‬nadīy moist, damp; tender, delicate | ‫ ﻧـﺪى اﻟﻜـﻒ‬al-kaff generous,
liberal, openhanded
‫ ﻧ ــﺪاء‬nidā’ pl. -āt shout; call; exclamation; summons; public
announcement; proclamation, appeal; address; vocative (gram.) | ‫ﻧــﺪاء‬
‫اﻻﺳـﺘﻐﺎﺛﺔ‬ call for help, distress signal; ‫ﺣــﺮف اﻟﻨــﺪاء‬ ḥarf an-n. interjection
(gram.); ‫ل‬ ‫( اﺻﺪر ﻧﺪاء‬aṣdara) to issue s proclamation to
1545
‫ ﻣﻨ ــﺎداة‬munādāh calling, shouting; call; vocative; public notice,

announcement; proclamation | ‫اﳌﻨﺎداة‬ ‫ ﺑﻴﻊ‬bai‘ al-m. public sale, auction
‫ د‬nādin pl. ‫ اﻧﺪﻳﺔ‬andiya, ‫ ﻧﻮاد‬nawādin club; circle; association; clubhouse |
‫د ر ﺿﻲ‬ (riyāḍī) athletic club; ‫اﻟﻨﺎدي‬ ‫ دار‬clubhouse
‫ ﻣﻨﺪى‬munaddan wet, damp; bedewed, dewy; refreshing
‫ ﻣﻨﺎد‬munādin caller; herald; town crier; auctioneer; O announcer (radio)
‫ ﻣﻨﺎدى‬munādan noun in the vocative (gram.)
‫ ﻣﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬mundiya pl. -āt disgraceful, evil deed; insult, abuse, affront
l.s.J.::... muntadan pl. u4,.J.::...o muntadayāt gathering place, assembly
room; club
‫ ﻧـﺬر‬nadara u i (nadr, ‫ ﻧـﺬور‬nudūr) to dedicate, consecrate ( s.th. to God);
to vow, make a vow | ‫ان‬ ‫ ﻧـﺬرت‬I vow to God that ..., I swear by God that
...; ‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻧـﺬر ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to vow to o.s., make the solemn pledge to ...; -- nadira a
(nadar) to have been warned, be on one’s guard (‫ ب‬against) IV to warn ( ‫ب‬
‫ه‬ s.o. of or against), caution (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ s.o. against), admonish (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
Confidential
announce (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.), give notice or warning (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. of), notify
in advance (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬of) | ‫ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﻪ‬
notice to vacate the premises
‫( اﻧﺬرﻩ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬bi-taslīmi manzilihī) he gave him
‫ ﻧـﺬر‬nadr pl. ‫ ﻧـﺬور‬nudur, ‫ ﻧـﺬورات‬nudūrāt vow, solemn pledge; votive

offering, ex-voto
‫ ﻧـﺬﻳﺮ‬nadīr pl. ‫ ﻧـﺬر‬nudur consecrated to God; vowed, solemnly pledged;
warner; herald, harbinger, forerunner; warning; alarm | O ‫ ﻧـﺬﻳﺮ اﳋﻄـﺮ‬n. al-
kaṭar airraid warning
‫ اﻧـﺬار‬indār pl. -āt warning; announcement, notice; admonition; air-raid
warning, alarm | O ‫( اﻧـﺬار ﺑﻮﻗـﻮع ﻏـﺎرات ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬bi-wuqū’ gārāt jawwiya) or ‫اﻧـﺬار‬
‫( ﻟﻸﺧﻄـﺎر اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬li-l-akṭār) air-raid warning; ‫اﻧـﺬار ـﺎﺋﻲ‬ (nihā’ī) ultimatum; O
‫ ﺻﻔﺎرة اﻹﻧﺬار‬ṣaffārat al-i. warning siren
‫ ﺗﻨﺎذر‬tanādur syndrome (med.)
‫ ذر‬nādir one who has made a vow
‫ ﻣﻨﺬور‬mandūr solemnly pledged, vowed, consecrated to God
‫ ﻣﻨﺬر‬mundir warner, cautioner
1546
‫ ﻣﻨﺬرة‬mundira alarm signal; warning sign (‫ ب‬against)

‫ ﻧـﺬل‬nadula u (‫ ﻧﺬاﻟـﺔ‬nadāla, ‫ ﻧﺬوﻟـﺔ‬nudūla) to be low, base, mean, vile,
despicable, debased, depraved
‫ ﻧـﺬل‬nadl pl. ‫ اﻧـﺬال‬andāl, ‫ ﻧـﺬول‬nudūl low, base, mean, vile, despicable,
debased, depraved; coward
‫ ﻧـﺬﻳﻞ‬nadīl pl. ‫ ﻧـﺬﻻء‬nudalā’ 2, ‫ ﻧـﺬال‬nidāl low, base, mean, vile, despicable,
debased, depraved; coward
‫ ﻧﺬاﻟﺔ‬nadāla depravity
‫ ﻧﺮﺑﻴﺞ‬narbīj pl. ‫ ﻧﺮاﺑﻴﺞ‬narābīj2 mouthpiece of a narghile
‫ ﻧﺮﺑﻴﺶ‬narbīš pl. ‫ ﻧﺮاﺑﻴﺶ‬narābīš2 mouthpiece of a narghile
‫ ﻧﺮﺟﺲ‬narjis, nirjis narcissus (bot.)
‫ ﻧﺮد‬nard backgammon, tricktrack
‫ ﻧﺮدﻳﻦ‬nardīn nard, spikenard
‫ ﻧﺮﻓﺰة‬narfaza nervousness
‫ ﻣﻨﺮﻓﺰ‬munarfaz (pal.-syr.) nervous
Confidential
‫ ﻧﺮﻧﺞ‬naranj bitter orange
‫ ﻧﺮوج‬nurūj, narūj Norway
‫ ﻧﺮوﻳﺞ‬nurwīj Norway
‫ ﻧﺮوﳚﻲ‬nurwījī Norwegian
‫ ﻧـﺰ‬nazza i (nazz, ‫ ﻧﺰﻳـﺰ‬nazīz) to seep, trickle, ooze, or leak, through; to
vibrate (string)
‫ ﻧﺰ‬nazz, nizz, ‫ ﻧﺰازة‬nuzāza pl. ‫ ﻧﺰوز‬nuzūz seepage, leakage water
‫ ﻧـﺰ‬nazz swift, nimble, agile, lively, sprightly; changeable, inconstant,
unsteady, fickle
‫ ﻧﺰة‬nazza, nizza (sensuous) passion, lust
‫ ﻧﺰﻳﺰ‬nazīz unsteady, inconstant, unstable; sensuous, passionate
‫ ﻧـﺰح‬nazaḥa a i (nazḥ, ‫ ﻧـﺰوح‬nuzūḥ) to be far off, be distant; to leave (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
s.th.), depart, emigrate (or from); to immigrate (‫ اﱃ‬to); to wander, migrate,
rove, roam, range; O to march off, pull out (troops); pass. ‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻧـﺰح‬nuziḥa bihī
to emigrate, be away from home, live abroad; -- (nazḥ) and IV to scoop out,
bail out, empty (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to drain, dry out (‫ ﻫـ‬a well, a ditch, a latrine, and the
like) VIII to emigrate
1547
‫ ﻧﺰح‬nazḥ scooping out, emptying; draining, drainage

‫ ﻧﺰح‬nazaḥ pl. ‫ اﻧﺰاح‬anzāḥ muddy water
‫ ﻧﺰوح‬nuzūḥ emigration
‫ ﻧﺰوح‬nazūḥ and ‫ ﻧﺰﻳﺢ‬nazīḥ far-off, faraway, distant, remote
‫ زح‬nāziḥ far-off, faraway, distant, remote; going away from home,
moving to other lands, leaving for distant shores, emigrating; emigrant; one
who scoops out, bails out or empties, a latrine cleaner
‫ ﻧـﺰر‬nazr and ‫ ﻧﺰﻳــﺮ‬nazīr little; insignificant, trivial, petty; trifle, small
amount, insignificant number, negligible portion | ‫اﳊـﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ ﻧـﺰر‬taciturn, of few
words; ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ ﻧﺰر‬tiny amount
‫ ﻧـﺰع‬naza‘a i (naz‘) to pull out, extract (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to remove, take, take
away, strike, cross off (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. from); to take off, shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a garment); to
strip, divest, deprive, rob (‫ ﻫـ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o. of s.th.); to wrest, take away (‫ﻫـ ﻣﻦ‬
from s.o. s.th., possession, right, reputation, etc.); to remove (‫ ه‬s.o. from a
Confidential
position), depose, dismiss, fire, cashier, demote, reduce in rank (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
adduce as proof or in refutation (‫ ب‬s.th.); (intr.) to move, proceed, go,
betake o.s., repair (‫ اﱃ‬to); to emigrate (‫ اﱃ‬to); -- (‫ ﻧـﺰوع‬nuzū‘) to desire (‫اﱃ‬
s.th.), wish, long, yearn, pine (‫ اﱃ‬for); to incline, tend, have an inclination or
a tendency (‫ اﱃ‬to); to take on, take over, adopt (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), resort (‫ اﱃ‬to; e.g.,
to a method); to absent o.s., depart (or from); to desist, abstain, refrain (or
from), keep clear (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), give up, avoid, eschew (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to be in the
throes of death | ‫اﱃ‬ ‫( ﻧﺰع ﻣﻨﻪ زع‬nāzi‘un) he felt a desire for ..., discovered his
inclination to ... II to remove, take away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) III to fight, struggle,
contend, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.), combat (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to contest, challenge (‫ﰲ‬
s.th.); to attempt to wrest (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬from s.o. s.th.), contest (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o.’s right to
s.th.); to be in the throes of death VI to contend with one another; to rival (‫ﻫـ‬
for s.th.), contest each other’s right (‫ ﻫـ‬to), carry on a dispute, be at variance
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬over) VIII to pull out, extract, pluck out, tear out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. .i- from); to
1548
match, wrest (‫ﻣـﻦ‬‫ ﻫ ـ‬from 1.o. s.th.), tear away, pull off (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from); to
take, draw, borrow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to be removed, be taken away
‫ ﻧـﺰع‬naz‘ removal; withdrawal, elimination; deposition, removal from
office; death struggle, agony of death | ‫ ﻧـﺰع اﻟﺴـﻼح‬disarming, disarmament;
‫ ﻣـﺆﲤﺮ ﻧـﺰع اﻟﺴـﻼح‬mu’tamar n. as-s. disarmament conference; ‫ ﻧـﺰع اﳌﻠﻜﻴـﺔ‬n. al-
milkīya expropriation
‫ ﻧﺰﻋـﺔ‬naz‘a pl. naza‘āt inclination, tendency, leaning; attitude, position,
stand
‫ ﻧﺰوع‬nuzū‘ striving, endeavor, longing, wish, desire (‫ اﱃ‬for)
‫ ﻧﺰاع‬nazzā‘ tending, having an inclination (‫ اﱃ‬to), leaning (‫ اﱃ‬toward)
‫ ﻧﺰﻳﻊ‬nazī‘ pl. ‫ ﻧﺰاع‬nuzzā‘ stranger
‫ ﻣﻨــﺰع‬manza‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻨــﺎزع‬manāzi‘ intent, intention, purpose; aim, end,
objective, goal; way, method; manner, behavior
‫ ﻣﻨﺰع‬minza‘ arrow
‫ ﻧـﺰاع‬nizā‘ fight, struggle, strife, contest, controversy; dispute; death
Confidential
struggle, agony of death | ‫ﺑــﻼ ﻧ ـﺰاع‬
incontrovertibly, indubitably, undeniably;
debatable; ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
(bi-lā) indisputably, incontestibly,
‫ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ ﻧ ـﺰاع‬
‫( ﻻ ﻧﺰاع‬nizā‘a) undisputed, uncontested, unquestioned
disputed, contested,
‫ ﻣﻨﺎزﻋـﺔ‬munāza‘a pl. -āt tight, struggle, strife, contention, controversy,

quarrel, dissension, discord; dispute; matter in controversy, case at issue
(before a court of justice)
‫ ﺗﻨﺎزع‬tanāzu‘ tight, struggle, strife, contention, controversy | ‫ ﺗﻨﺎزع اﻟﺒﻘﺎء‬t. al-
baqā’ struggle for existence
‫ اﻧﺘ ـ ـﺰاع‬intizā‘ removal, withdrawal, elimination; dispossession,
expropriation
‫ زﻋﺔ‬nāzi‘a pl. ‫ ﻧﻮازع‬nawāzi‘ tendency, inclination, leaning
‫ ﻣﻨــﺰوع‬manzū‘ removed, taken away | ‫( ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﺔ ﻣﻨﺰوﻋــﺔ اﻟﺴــﻼح‬minṭaqa)
demilitarized zone
‫ ﻣﻨــﺎزع‬munāzi‘ struggling with death, being in the throes of death;
contending, fighting, militant, litigious, renitent | ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎزع‬no one will
deny that ...
‫ ﻣﻨﺎزع ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬munāza‘ ‘alaihi contested, disputed, debatable
1549
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺎزع‬mutanāzi‘ conflicting, clashing

‫ﻣﺘﻨــﺎزع ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ‬ (mutanāza‘) and ‫ﻣﺘﻨــﺎزع ﻓﻴــﻪ‬ contested, disputed, debatable;
litigated matter, matter in controversy, case at issue
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺰع‬muntaza‘ taken, drawn (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ ﻧـﺰغ‬nazg and ‫ ﻧﺰﻏـﺔ‬pl. nazagāt incitement to evil | ‫ ﻧـﺰغ اﻟﺸـﻴﻄﺎن‬n. aš-šaiṭān
insinuations of the devil, satanic inspiration
‫ ﻧﺰف‬nazafa i (nazf) to drain, exhaust, empty (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to dry up (‫ ﻫـ‬a well);
to draw off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬blood); to be drained, exhausted, spent; pass. ‫ ﻧـﺰف دﻣـﻪ‬nuzifa
damuhū to lose much blood, bleed (to death) IV to drain, empty (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a well);
to be exhausted X to drain off, draw, extract (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from); to exhaust,
consume, use up, swallow up, devour (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻧـﺰف‬nazf exhaustion, draining, emptying; hemorrhage; loss of blood | O
‫( اﻟﻨﺰف اﻟﺪﻣﻮي‬damawī) hemophilis (med.)
‫ ﻧﺰﻓﺔ‬nuzfa small quantity, modicum (of a liquid)
Confidential
‫ ﻧﺰﻳـﻒ‬nazīf weakened by loss of blood; bleeding, effusion of blood;
hemorrhage, hemorrhea (med.)
‫ ﻣﻨﺰوف‬manzūf exhausted through loss of blood
‫ ﻧﺰق‬nazaqa i (nazq) and naziqa a (nazaq, ‫ ﻧـﺰوق‬nuzūq) to storm ahead, rush
forward; to be hasty, rash, precipitate, impetuous, lightheaded, frivolous,
reckless, ruthless, II to spur on, urge on (‫ ﻫـ‬a horse)
‫ ﻧـﺰق‬nazaq haste; rashness, precipitateness, impetuosity; lightheadedness,
recklessness, thoughtlessness, frivolity
‫ ﻧــﺰق‬naziq hasty; rash, precipitate, impetuous; thoughtless, heedless,
careless, inattentive, lightheaded, frivolous, flighty, superficial
‫ ﻧﺰك‬nazaka u (nazk) to stab, pierce (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻴﺰك‬naizak pl. ‫ ﻧﻴﺎزك‬nayāzik2 short lance; shooting star, meteor
‫ ﻧـﺰل‬nazala i (‫ ﻧـﺰول‬nuzūl) to dismount, alight; to descend, go down, come
down, move down, get down, step down, climb down; to get off (‫ﻣـﻦ‬, e.g., a
train), get out, step out (‫ﻣـﻦ‬, e.g., of a car), debark, disembark (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from a
vessel); to put down, land (airplane); to fall (rain); to descend from heaven,
be revealed (esp., the Koran); to fall, sink, sag (prices), drop (water level); to
subside, abate, let up, decrease; to stop, or halt, for a rest, to camp; to stop,
stop over, put up, take up quarters, take lodgings, lodge, room, stay to live
1550
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ب‬at s.o.’s home, also ‫)ﻋﻨـﺪ‬, live, dwell (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in a place), inhabit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
place); to step into the arena, take the field, meet an opposing team (sports);
to give in, yield (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬e.g., to s.o.’s pleas); to give up, renounce, resign (‫ل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬
s.th. in s.o.’s favor), cede, waive, relinquish, abandon (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to resign
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), forgo (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to descend, come (‫ ب‬upon
s.o.; misfortune, punishment, etc.), befall, hit, afflict (‫ ب‬s.o.; misfortune),
happen, occur (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to fall (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.), attack, assail, assault (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.o.); to enter, embark (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.th.), set out (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.), tackle, attack
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), pounce (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.th.); (with ‫ب‬:) to take, bring, lead, etc., s.o. or
s.th. down (‫ اﱃ‬to); -- nazila a (‫ ﻧﺰﻟـﺔ‬nazla) to have a cold | ‫اﻟـﱪ‬
‫( ﻧـﺰل اﱃ‬barr) to
disembark, go ashore, land; ‫( ﻧـﺰل اﱃ اﳌﻴـﺪان‬maidān) to take the field; ‫ﻧـﺰل دون‬
‫( ﻣﻨﻨﻠﺘـﻪ‬manzilatihī) to sink below one’s level; ‫( ﻧـﺰل ﺿـﻴﻔﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ḍaifan) to avail

o.s. of s.o.’s hospitality, stay as a guest with s.o.; ‫( ﻧﺰل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣﻜﻤـﻪ‬ḥukmihī) to
defer, give in, yield, submit to s.o.; to comply with the standard of s.th.; ‫ﻧـﺰل‬
Confidential
‫( ﻋﻨـﺪ ارادﺗـﻪ‬irādatihī) to defer to s.o.’s will, do s.o.’s bidding; ‫ﻧـﺰل ﻋﻨـﺪ رﻏﺒﺘـﻪ‬
‫( ))ﻃﻠﺒـﻪ‬ragbatihī, ṭalabihī) to comply with, or fulfill, s.o.’s wish or demand;
‫( ﻣﻨـﺰﻻ‬manzilan) to occupy a place or position, get to a place or into a
position; ‫( ﻧـﺰل ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﻪ اﻟﻼﺋـﻖ‬manzilahū) to occupy one’s due place; ‫ﻧـﺰل ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﺔ ﻓـﻼن‬
(manzilata f.) to hold the position of, serve as II to cause to come down; to
make (‫ ه‬s.o.) descend, dismount, or step down; to lower, let down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
e.g., a bucket, a curtain, etc.); to send down (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬a revelation to a

prophet), reveal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take down, put down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to lower,
decrease, diminish, lessen, minimize, curtail, reduce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to dip,
tilt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to lower, strike (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a flag); to relieve, divest, discharge (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.o. of), depose, dethrone (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻌـﺮش‬ s.o.); to unload (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to grant
hospitality (‫ ه‬to s.o.). receive hospitably, take in, put up, lodge, accumulate
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to deduct subtract (‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from); to insert, inlay (‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in.
e.g., ivory in wood); (Tun.) to cede (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) on the basis of inzāl (q.v.) | ‫ﻧـﺰل‬
1551
‫( درﺟﺘـﻪ‬darajatahū) to demote s.o., reduce s.o. in rank III to get into a fight,
join issue, clash (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to bring down, take down; to cause to
descend, dismount, or step down; to send down. reveal (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.th. to s.o.;
of God); to bestow, grant, give (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; of God); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) alight,
stop, halt, camp, put up, tab up quarters, live, stay, abide (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in a place); to
unload (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to take ashore (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ اﱃ اﻟـﱪ‬ilā l-barr s.th. from a vessel); to
land, put ashore, disembark, debark (‫ ﻫ ـ‬troops); to lower, strike (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a flag); to
abase, degrade; to lower, decrease, diminish, reduce (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬number, price,
etc., to); to cause (‫ب‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. loss), inflict (‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬upon s.o. a loss); to
compel, force, coerce (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. to) | ‫( ﻣـﺎ اﻧـﺰل ﷲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﺳـﻠﻄﺎن‬sulṭān) (lit.:
God has given it no power, i.e.) futile, vain, fruitless, unavailing, unfounded,
absurd, preposterous, completely arbitrary, random; ‫اﻧـﺰل اﱃ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ (baḥr) to
launch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a ship); ‫( اﻧﺰﻟـﻮﻫﻢ ﺿـﻴﻮﻓﺎ ﻋﻠـﻴﻬﻢ‬ḍuyūfan) they took them in as guests;
‫( اﻧـﺰل ﺑـﻪ ﺧﺴـﺎرة ﻗﺎدﺣـﺔ‬kusāratan fāḍiḥatan) to inflict a heavy loss on s.o.; ‫اﻧﺰﻟـﻪ‬
Confidential
‫( ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﺔ ﻓـﻼن‬manzilata f.) he had him occupy the same position as, gave him
the same status as, made him equal in rank with V to lower o.s., stoop,
condescend (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); to abase o.s., humble o.s., demean o.s., eat crow; to
give up, renounce, resign, waive, forgo (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) VI to
give up, renounce, resign, waive, forgo (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. in favor of), refrain (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from), yield, surrender, abandon, relinquish (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to cede (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.
to); to leave, assign, transfer, make over (‫ل‬
‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th. to); to lower o.s., stoop,
condescend; to deign; to dismount, or line up, for battle | ‫ﺗﻨﺎزل )ﺗﻨﺰل( ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺮش‬
‫‘( ل‬arš) to abdicate in favor of; ‫( ﺗﻨـﺎزل ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻨﺼـﺐ‬manṣib) to lay down an
office, resign from office X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to step down; to call down,
invoke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) descend; to call upon s.o. (‫ )ه‬to waive or
forgo (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to force (‫ ه‬the beleaguered) to surrender; to deduct,
subtract (~ 0 s.th. from)
‫ ﻧـﺰل‬nazl pl. ‫ ﻧـﺰول‬nuzūl, ‫ ﻧـﺰل‬nuzûl quarters, lodging; hotel, inn; -- (pl. ‫ﻧـﺰول‬
nuzūl) small tribal unit (of Bedouins); camp, camp site (of nomads, gypsies)
1552
‫ ﻧﺰل‬nuzl pl. ‫ اﻧﺰال‬anzāl food served to a guest

‫ ﻧﺰﻟـﺔ‬nazla putting up, stopping, stop, stay, arrival | ‫ ﻧﺰﻟـﺔ اﳊـﺞ‬al-ḥajj (eg.)
festival of the return of the mahmal from Mecca (celebrated in the months
of Safar or Rabia I)
‫ ﻧﺰﻟـﺔ‬nazla pl. nazalāt cold; catarrh | ‫( ﻧﺰﻟـﺔ ﺷـﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬šu‘abīya) bronchial catarrh;
‫( ﻧﺰﻟﺔ ﺻﺪرﻳﺔ‬ṣadrīya) bronchitis; ‫ ﻧﺰﻟﺔ واﻓﺪة‬influenza (med.)
‫ ﻧﺰاﻟﺔ‬nizāla settlement, colony
‫ ﻧـﺰول‬nuzūl descending, descent; dismounting. alighting; getting off or out
(of a vehicle), disembarkation, debarkation; landing (of an airplane); arrival;
putting up, stopping, stop, stopover, stay; cession, surrender,
relinquishment, renunciation, resignation; falling, fall, drop; sinking; decline
in prices, price slump | ‫ﻧــﺰوﻻ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ according to, in accordance with, in
deference to; ‫ﻧــﺰوﻻ ﻋﻨــﺪ رﻏﺒﺘــﻪ‬ (ragbatihī) in compliance with his wish, in
deference to his wish, at his request; ‫( ﻧـﺰوﻻ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻃﻠﺒـﻪ‬ṭalabihī) in compliance
with his demand, in accordance with his request; ‫ ﻧـﺰول اﳌﻄـﺮ‬n. al-maṭar
rainfall
Confidential
‫ ﻧـﺰوﱄ‬nuzūlī relative to decline (in prices and stocks), recessive, falling,
sinking
‫ ﻧﺰﻳــﻞ‬nazīl pl. ‫ ﻧــﺰﻻء‬nuzalā’2 guest; stranger; lodger, boarder; inmate;
occupant, tenant
‫ ﻣﻨـﺰل‬manzil pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎزل‬manāzil2 stopping place, way station, camp site;
apartment, fiat; house; lunar phase; see also under verb I | ‫ﻣﻨـﺰل اﻻﺳـﱰاﺣﺔ‬
resthouse; ‫ﻣﻨـﺎزل اﻟﻠﻬـﻮ واﻟﻠﻌـﺐ‬ m. al-lahw wa-l-la‘b amusement centers; ‫اﻫـﻞ‬
‫ اﳌﻨﺰل‬ahl al-m. household, family; ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ اﳌﻨﺰل‬landlord

‫ ﻣﻨﺰﱄ‬manzilī domestic, house (adj.); private; household (adj.)
‫ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﺔ‬manzila degree, grade, rank; position, status, standing; dignity; see
also under verb I and IV
‫ ﺗﻨﺰﻳــﻞ‬tanzīl sending down, bringing down; revelation, inspiration;
reduction, diminution, lowering, lessening, decrease; -- (pl. -āt) reduction
(of prices); subtraction (arith.); deduction, discount; inlaying, inlay work |
‫ ﺗﻨﺰﻳـﻞ اﻟﺮﺗﺒـﺔ‬t. ar-rutba or ‫ ﺗﻨﺰﻳـﻞ اﳌﻘـﺎم‬t. al-maqām, demotion, reduction in rank;
‫( ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﺪي‬naqdī) currency devaluation
‫ ﻧﺰال‬nizāl and ‫ ﻣﻨﺎزﻟﺔ‬munāzala lining up for battle; encounter, battle, fight
1553
‫اﻧ ـ ـﺰال‬
inzāl bringing down, lowering; landing, debarkation,
disembarkation; ejaculation of sperm; (pl. -āt) lease contract for life over a
habous estate (Tun.) | ‫اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ ‫( اﻧﺰال اﱃ‬baḥr) launching (of a ship); ‫اﻧـﺰال اﱃ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬
(‘amal) commissioning (of a ship)
‫ ﺗﻨ ــﺎزل‬tanāzul condescension; yielding, relenting; relinquishment,
surrender, waiver, renunciation; transfer, assignment, cession; resignation,
abdication; lining up for battle; struggle, fight, battle | ‫اﻟﺘﻨـﺎزل‬ ‫‘ ﻋـﺪم‬adam at-t.
relentlessness, intransigence; ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺎزل‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻘﺪ‬aqd at-t. deed of cession
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﺰال‬istinzāl deduction, discount
‫ زل‬nāzil living, resident
‫ زﻟﺔ‬nāzila pl. ‫ ﻧﻮازل‬nawāzil occurrence, event; mishap, accident, calamity,
reverse, blow of fate; (tun.) (judicial) case, legal action | ‫زﻟــﺔ ﻣﺪﻧﻴــﺔ‬
(madanīya; tun.) civil action; ‫( اوراق زﻟـﺔ‬tun.) records of a lawsuit; ‫ﻗﺴـﻢ اﻟﻨـﻮازل‬
qism an-n. (tun.) division for contentious matters (of a court of justice); ‫ﻗـﺎم‬
‫( ﺑﻨﺎزﻟﺔ‬tun.) to take legal action, commence a lawsuit
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﺰول‬manzūl (eg.) a kind of narcotic
‫ ﻣﻨﺰوﱄ‬manzūlī (egs.) narcotic addict, dope addict
‫ ﻣﻨﺰل‬munazzal inlaid (with ivory or a precious metal)
‫ ﻣﻨﺰل‬munzal sent down (from heaven), revealed
‫ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎزل‬mutanāzil abdicating, resigning; one who waives, cedes or asap a
right, assignor
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺰل‬mustanzil lessee on the basis of inzāl (Tun.; see above)
‫ ﻧﺰﻧﺰ‬to rock, dandle (a baby)
‫ ﻧﺰﻩ‬nazuha u (‫ ﻧﺰاﻫﺔ‬nazāha) to be far (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), be untouched. unblemished
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬by), be free (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to steer clear (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), keep away, refrain (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from, esp., from a base or dishonorable action); -- naziha a to be respectable,
honorable, decent II to deem or declare (‫ ه‬s.o.) above s.th. (‫ )ﻋﻦ‬V = nazuha;
to be (far) above s.th. (‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to go for a walk, take a walk, promenade, stroll
about; to go out, to amuse o.s., enjoy o.s., have a good time
‫ ﻧﺰﻩ‬nazih and ‫ ﻧﺰﻳﻪ‬nazīh pl. ‫ ﻧﺰﻫﺎء‬nuzahā’2, ‫ ﻧﺰاﻩ‬nizāh pure, chaste, blameless,
above reproach, of unblemished record, decent, honorable, respectable;
honest, upright. righteous; scrupulous, correct; impartial
1554
‫ ﻧـﺰﻩ‬nazah and ‫ ﻧﺰاﻫـﺔ‬nazāha purity, blamelessness, honesty; uprightness,

righteousness, probity, integrity, respectability; impartiality
‫ ﻧﺰﻫﺔ‬nuzha pl. ‫ ﻧـﺰﻩ‬nuzah, -āt walk, stroll, promenade; pleasure ride; outing,
excursion, pleasure trip; recreation; amusement. entertainment, diversion,
fun; excursion spot, picnic ground, sight-seeing spot, tourist attraction
‫ ﻣﻨﺰﻫﺔ‬manzaha pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎزﻩ‬manāzih2 recreation ground, park, garden
‫ ﺗﻨﺰﻳـﻪ‬tanzīh elimination of anthropomorphic elements from the conception
of deity, deanthropomorphism (theol.)
‫ ﺗﻨﺰﻩ‬tanazzuh pl. -āt walk, stroll, promenade
‫ ﻣﻨﺰﻩ‬munazzah infallible, free (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), (far) above s.th. (‫)ﻋﻦ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺰﻩ‬mutanazzih pl. -ūn walker, stroller, promenader; excursionist
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺰﻩ‬mutanazzah promenade, walk, stroll, park
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺰﻩ‬muntazah pl. -āt promenade, walk, stroll; recreation ground; park
1‫)ﻧـﺰو‬ ‫ )ﻧـﺰا‬nazā u (‫ ﻧـﺰو‬nazw, nuzūw, ‫ ﻧـﺰوان‬nazawān) to spring, jump, leap,
bound; -- (‫ ﻧﺰوان‬nazawān) to escape (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫اﱃ‬ ‫( ﻧﺰا ﺑـﻪ ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬qalbuhū) to long,
Confidential
yearn for V to spring, jump, leap, bound; to be in a state of great
commotion, be violently agitated, to heave, tremble (breast)
‫ ﻧﺰوان‬nazawān sally, sortie; outburst, outbreak, eruption
‫ ﻧـﺰوة‬nazwa pl. nazawāt (n. vic.) jump, leap, bound; sally, sortie; outburst,
outbreak, eruption; surge, dare, dare-up; impetuosity, violence, vehemence;
fit, attack, paroxysm; sudden mood, caprice, whim
2‫ زي‬and ‫ زﻳﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻧﺴﺄ‬nasa’a a (‫ ﻧﺲء‬nas’) to put off, postpone, delay, defer, procrastinate (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.), -- (‫ ﻧﺴﺎء‬nasā’) to allow (‫ ه‬s.o.) time to pay, grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) credit IV = I
‫ ﻧﺴﺎء‬nasā’ long life, longevity
‫ ﻧﺴﺎء‬nisā’ women, see ‫ﻧﺴﻮ‬
‫ ﻧﺴﻴﺌﺔ‬nasī’a credit, delay of payment, nasī’atan on credit
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﺄة‬minsa’a stick, staff
‫ ﻧﺴـﺐ‬nasaba u i (nasab, ‫ ﻧﺴـﺒﺔ‬nisba) to relate, refer (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to), link,
correlate, bring into relation (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ اﱃ‬s.th. with), to trace (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o. as
the originator, ‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o.’s ancestry to); to ascribe, attribute, impute. lay (‫ ل‬or
‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.th. to s.o.), charge (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬with s.th. s.o.), accuse (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬of s.th.
1555
s.o.) III to stand in the same relationship (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to correspond (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to
s.o., to s.th.), tally (‫ ﻫـ‬with s.th.), to suit, fit (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), go (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with),
become, befit, behoove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to harmonize, agree, be in keeping, be
compatible, consistent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), to be similar (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ to s.o., to s.th.),
resemble (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to be in agreement, in
conformity, in accordance. to tally, check (‫ ﻫـ‬with), be conformable (‫ ﻫـ‬to), to
be of the same family (‫ ه‬as), be or become related by marriage (‫ ه‬to) VI to
be related to one another, be relatives; to be alike, be akin, be mutually
corresponding, be interrelated, be in agreement or conformity, be in the right
proportion, be proportionate, match, fit together, go together; to be in
agreement, in conformity, in accordance, to tally, check (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with), be
conformable (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬to) VIII to be related (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to derive one’s origin (‫اﱃ‬
from), trace one’s ancestry (‫ اﱃ‬to), to derive one's name (‫ اﱃ‬from), be named
(‫ اﱃ‬after), to belong, pertain, be relative (‫ اﱃ‬to), to be associated (‫ اﱃ‬with),

belong (‫ اﱃ‬to a clan, a party, a faction, etc.); to attach o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬to), associate,
Confidential
affiliate (‫ اﱃ‬with), to join (‫ اﱃ‬e.g., a political party), to be admitted (‫ اﱃ‬to a
community), be affiliated (‫ اﱃ‬with, esp., as an extraordinary, not a full,
member) X to trace back the ancestry (‫ ه‬of s.o.), to deem proper (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
approve (‫ ﻫـ‬of), sanction, condone (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻧﺴــﺐ‬nasab pl. ‫ ا ﺳــﺐ‬anāsib lineage, descent; origin. extraction,
derivation, provenience; kinship, relationship, affinity, relationship by
marriage | ‫ ﺳﻠﺴـﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺴـﺐ‬silsilat an-n. family tree, pedigree, ancestral line,
genealogy; ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﻧﺴﺎب‬ulamā’ al-a. genealogists
‫ ﻧﺴــﺒﺔ‬nisba ascription, attribution, imputation; kinship, relationship,
affinity, relationship by marriage; connection, link; agreement, conformity,
affinity; -- (pl. ‫ ﻧﺴـﺐ‬nisab) relation, reference, bearing; ratio, rate; measure;
proportion (math.); percentage; adjective denoting descent or origin, ending
in ‫( ــﻲ | ﻧﺴـﺒﺔ اﱃ‬nisbatan) and (‫ ل‬or) ‫ﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ اﱃ‬ in respect to, with regard to,
regarding, concerning, as to; as compared with, in comparison with; in
relation to, with reference to; for, to; ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in proportion to, in keeping
1556
with, in accordance with, according to, corresponding to, commensurate

with; ‫اﳌﻮت‬ ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬al-maut death rate; ‫( ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬mi’awīya) percentage
‫ ﻧﺴﱯ‬nisbī relative, comparative; percentual, percentile; proportional; ‫ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ‬
nisbīyan relatively | ‫ﻧﺴﱯ‬ ‫( وزن‬wazn) specific gravity
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬nisbīya relativity
‫ ﻧﺴﺎب‬nisāb genealogist
‫ ﻧﺴـﻴﺐ‬nasīb erotic introduction of the ancient Arabic kasida; -- (pl. , ‫اﻧﺴـﺒﺎء‬
ansibā’2) relative, kinsman (by mania~e);
brother-in-law; son-in-law; descending from a distinguished family,
patrician, highborn, noble
‫ اﻧﺴـﺐ‬ansab2 more adequate, more appropriate, more suitable, better
qualified, fitter
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﺔ‬mun<isaba suitability, suitableness, appropriateness, aptness,
adequacy; fitness; correlation, analogy, correspondence; kinship,
relationship. affinity; (pl. -āt) relation, reference, bearing, relevancy,
pertinence; link; connection; occasion, opportunity | ‫ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺔ‬or ‫ ﳌﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺔ‬or
‫ ﲟﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺔ‬on the occasion of; ‫ ـﺬﻩ اﳌﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺔ‬in this connection; ‫ ﳍـﺬﻩ اﳌﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺔ‬due to
Confidential
these circumstances, for this reason, therefore, consequently, hence;
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬whenever an opportunity arises, at every suitable occasion
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬tanāsub proportional relation, proportionality; proportionateness,
‫ﰲ ﻛـﻞ‬
balance, evenness; uniformity; regularity, symmetry; harmony; O

proportion, mathematical equation; reciprocal relationship, interrelation;
link, connection | ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫‘ ﻋﺪم‬adam at-t. disproportion
‫ اﻧﺘﺴــﺎب‬intisāb membership; affiliation | ‫ﻃﺎﻟــﺐ ﻻﻧﺘﺴــﺎب‬ student by
affiliation
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬mansūb related, brought into relation; attributed, ascribed, imputed
(‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); belonging, pertaining (‫ اﱃ‬to); relative (to), concerning, regarding
(s.o. or s.th.); -- (pl.‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﻴﺐ‬manāsīb2) level, altitude; water level | ‫ﻣﻨﺴـﻮب‬

‫اﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ m. al-baḥr sea level; ‫‘( ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﻴﺐ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬āliya) high water levels, high
waters
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬mansūbīya nepotism
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳ ــﺐ‬munāsib suitable, fitting, appropriate, proper, adequate;
corresponding, commensurate; correspondent, congruous, analogous,
conformable; proportional (math.)
1557
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳــﺐ‬mutanāsib proportionate, properly proportioned; proportional;

mutually corresponding, analogous | ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳ ــﺐ اﻷﺟ ـﺰاء‬ even, regular,
symmetrical
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺴـﺐ‬muntasib member, affiliate | ‫‘( ﻋﻀـﻮ ﻣﻨﺘﺴـﺐ‬uḍw) associate (e.g., of
an academy)
‫ ﺳﻮت‬nāsūt human nature, humanity
‫ ﻧﺴﺞ‬nasaja u i (nasj) to weave (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to knit | ‫( ﻧﺴﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻮاﻟﻪ‬minwālihī)
to imitate s.o., follow in s.o.’s tracks, walk in s.o.’s footsteps, act or proceed
like s.o.; ‫ﻧﺴﺠﻪ‬
‫( ﻧﺴﺞ‬nasjahū) do. VIII to be woven
‫ ﻧﺴـﺞ‬nasj weaving; fabric, texture | ‫ ﻧﺴـﺞ اﳋﻴـﺎل‬al-kayāl fabling, flight of
fancy
‫ ﻧﺴﺎج‬nassāj weaver
‫ ﻧﺴﺎﺟﺔ‬nisāja art of weaving; weaver’s trade, textile industry
‫ ﻧﺴـﻴﺞ‬nasīj pl. ‫ ﻧﺴـﻮج‬nusūj, ‫ اﻧﺴـﺠﺔ‬ansija, ‫ اﻧﺴـﺎج‬ansāj texture, web, tissue
(also anat.); woven fabric, textile | ‫( ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﺧﻠﻮي‬kalawī) cellular tissue (anat.);
Confidential
‫ﻧﺴـﻴﺞ اﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒـﻮت‬
his (its) time

n. al-‘ankabūt spider’s web, cobweb; ‫ ﻧﺴـﻴﺞ وﺣـﺪﻩ‬n. waḥdihī
unique in his (its) kind, singular, unparalleled; ‫ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻋﺼﺮﻩ‬n. ‘aṣrihī unique in
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﺞ‬mansaj, mansij pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺞ‬manāsij weaver’s shop, weaving mill

‫ ﻣﻨﺴﺞ‬minsaj loom
‫ ﻣﻨﺴـﻮج‬mansūj woven; woven fabric, textile; texture, tisane, web; pl.
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺟﺎت‬woven goods, dry goods, textiles
‫ ﻧﺴـﺦ‬nasaka a (nask) to delete (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to abolish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to abrogate,
invalidate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to repeal, revoke, withdraw (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cancel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
contract); to replace (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. by), substitute (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬for s.th. s.th. else); to
transcribe, copy (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to supersede, supplant, replace (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), take the
place (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) V to be deleted, abolished, abrogated, invalidated VI to
succeed, each other, follow successively; to pass from one body into
another, transmigrate (soul) VIII to abolish, cancel, abrogate, invalidate
(s.th.); to transcribe, copy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) X to demand the abolition (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to
transcribe, copy (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1558
‫ ﻧﺴـﺦ‬nask abolition, abolishment, abrogation, cancellation, invalidation;

copying, transcription | ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬ ‫ ﻗﻠﻢ‬qalam an-n. Neskhi ductus (see below); ‫آ ﻟﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻨﺴﺦ‬duplicating machine, mimeograph; copying press
‫ ﻧﺴـﺨﻲ‬naskī Neskhi, the ordinary cursive Arabic script, the common
calligraphic style
‫ ﻧﺴـﺨﺔ‬nuska pl. ‫ ﻧﺴـﺦ‬nusak transcript; copy (also, e.g., of a book, of a
newspaper, etc.)
‫ ﻧﺴـﺎخ‬nasssāk pl. ‫ ﻧﺴـﺎﺧﺔ‬nassāka copyist, transcriber; scribe, scrivener,
clerk
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺦ‬tanāsuk succession; transmigration of souls, metempsychosis
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎخ‬istinsāk copying, transcription
‫ ﺳـﺦ‬nāsik pl. ‫ ﻧﺴـﺎخ‬nusssāk abrogative, abolishing; copyist, transcriber |
‫ آﻳﺔ ﺳﺨﺔ‬Koranic verse which abrogates and supersedes another verse
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﻮخ‬mansūk abrogated (Koranic verse)
‫ ﻧﺴﺮ‬V to get torn; to break, snap X to become eagle-like
Confidential
‫ ﻧﺴﻮر‬nasr pl. ‫ ﻧﺴﻮر‬nusūr, ‫ ﻧﺴﻮرة‬nusūra eagle; vulture
‫ ﻧﺴﺎرﻳﺔ‬nusārīya eagle
‫ ﺳﻮر‬nāsūr pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﺳﺮ‬nawāsir2 fistula, tumor
‫ ﻣﻨﺴـﺮ‬minsar, mansir, pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺮ‬manāsir2 beak (of predatory birds); band,
gang, group, troop
‫ ﻧﺴﻄﻮري‬nusṭūrī pl. ‫ ﻧﺴﺎﻃﺮة‬nasāṭira Nestorian
‫ ﻧﺴﻎ‬nusg (of a plant)
‫ ﻧﺴـﻒ‬nasafa i (nasf) to pulverize, atomize, spray (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to carry away
and scatter (wind -- the dust); to blow up, blast (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); O to torpedo (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
ship) IV to scatter (esp., wind -- the dust) VIII to raze (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to blow up,
blast (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﺴﻒ‬nasf blowing up, blasting; destruction, demolition
‫ ﻧﺴـﺎف‬nussāf pl. ‫ ﻧﺴﺎﺳـﻴﻒ‬nasāsīf a variety of swallow; rhinoceros hornbill
(zool.)
‫ ﻧﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬nusāfa chaff
‫ ﻧﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬nassāfa pl. -āt torpedo boat
1559
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﻒ‬minsaf and ‫ ﻣﻨﺴﻔﺔ‬minsafa pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻒ‬manāsif2 winnow

‫ ﺳﻒ‬nāsif and ‫ ﺳﻔﺔ‬nāsifa explosive, dynamite
‫ ﻧﺴـﻖ‬nasaqa u (nasq) and II to string (‫ ﻫ ـ‬pearls); to put in proper order,
arrange nicely, range, array, order, marshal, dispose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set up, line
up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be well-ordered, be in proper order, be nicely arranged; to
be arranged, arrayed, disposed VI do.; to be geared to each other, be well-
coordinated (weapons) VIII = V
‫ ﻧﺴﻖ‬nask ordering, successive arrangement, lining up, alignment
‫ ﻧﺴـﻖ‬nasaq order, array, layout, arrangement, disposition; connection,
succession, sequence; manner, mode, system, method; symmetry; ‫ﻧﺴــﻘﺎ‬
nasaqan in regular order, in rows | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﺴـﻖ‬in the manner of; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﺴـﻖ واﺣـﺪ‬
in the same manner, equally, evenly, uniformly; ‫ ﺣـﺮوف اﻟﻨﺴـﻖ‬conjunctions
(gram.)
‫ ﻧﺴﻴﻖ‬nasīq well-ordered, well-arranged, regular, even, uniform
‫ ﺗﻨﺴــﻴﻖ‬tansīq ordering, arraying; setting up, drawing up; distribution,
Confidential
disposition; arrangement; systematic arrangement; planned economy |
‫( داﺧﻠﻲ‬dākilī) interior decoration

‫ ﺗﻨﺴﻖ‬tanassuk uniformity
‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ‬tanāsuk order; symmetry; harmony

‫ ﻣﻨﺴـﻖ‬munasaq well-ordered, well-arranged; staggered (troop formation);
harmonious
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﻖ‬mutanāsiq well-ordered, well-arranged, regular, symmetrical
‫ ﻧﺴـﻚ‬nasaka u and nasuka u (‫ ﻧﺴـﺎﻛﺔ‬nasāka) to lead a devout life; to live
the life of an ascetic V do.; to be pious, devout, otherworldly
‫ ﻧﺴﻚ‬nask, nusk, nusuk piety, devoutness; asceticism; reclusion
‫ ﻧﺴﻜﻲ‬nusukī ascetic (adj.)
‫ ﻧﺴﻚ‬nusuk sacrifice; ceremonies (of the pilgrimage)
‫ ﺳـﻚ‬nāsik pl. ‫ ﻧﺴـﺎك‬nussāk hermit, recluse, penitent; ascetic; pious man,
devotee
‫ ﻣﻨﺴـﻚ‬mansik pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﻚ‬manāsik2 hermitage, cell of an ascetic; place of
sacrifice; ceremony, ritual, esp., during the pilgrimage
1560
‫ ﻧﺴـﻞ‬nasala u (nasl) to beget, procreate, sire, father (‫ ه‬children); -- u to

pluck out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pluck (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to ravel out, unravel, untwist, fray (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to molt; (‫ ﻧﺴـﻮل‬nusūl) to fall out (hair, feathers) II to separate into
fibers, to shred, ravel (‫ ﻫـ‬rags); to unravel, undo (‫ ﻫـ‬a woven or knitted fabric)
IV to beget, procreate, sire, father (‫ ه‬children); to molt; to fall out (hair,
feathers) VI to propagate, breed, reproduce, multiply; to beget offspring; to
descend, be descended (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
‫ ﻧﺴﻞ‬nasl pl. ‫ اﻧﺴﺎل‬ansāl progeny, offspring, issue, descendants | ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬
birth control; ‫واﻟﻨﺴﻞ‬ ‫( اﳊﺮث‬ḥart) the civilization of mankind
‫ ﻧﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬nusāla fibrous waste, thrums; ravelings; lint
O ‫ ﻧﺴﺎﻟﺔ‬nassāla raveling machine, willow
‫ ﻧﺴﻮﻟﺔ‬nasūla brood animal
O ‫ ﻧﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬nasīla offprint, reprint
‫ اﻧﺴﺎل‬insāl procreation, generation
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﻞ‬tanāsul sexual propagation, procreation, generation, reproduction |
‫ اﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻞ‬sexual organs, genitals; ‫ ﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻞ‬ḍu‘f at-t. sexual impotence
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺳــﻠﻲ‬tanāsulī procreative, propagative; genital, sexual | ‫ﻣــﺮض ﺗﻨﺎﺳــﻠﻲ‬
(maraḍ) venereal disease
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻴﺎت‬tanāsulīyāt sexual organs
‫ ﻧﺴـﻢ‬nasama i (nasm, ‫ ﻧﺴـﻤﺎن‬nasamān) to blow gently II to commence,
start, begin
(‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) V to blow; to breathe; to inhale (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to-exhale (‫ ب‬a fragrant
smell), smell pleasantly, be redolent (‫ ب‬of), be fragrant (‫ ب‬with) | ‫اﳋـﱪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴـﻢ‬

(kabara) to nose around for news, sniff out the news
‫ ﻧﺴﻢ‬nasam pl. ‫ اﻧﺴﺎم‬ansām breath; breath of life
‫ ﻧﺴـﻤﺔ‬nasama pl. -āt breath; whiff, waft; breeze; O aura; breathing, living
creature; person, soul (e.g., in a census, as a numerative in statistics)
‫ ﻧﺴـﻴﻢ‬nasīm pl. ‫ ﻧﺴـﺎم‬nisām, ‫ ﻧﺴـﺎﺋﻢ‬nasā’im2 breath of air, fresh air; wind,
breeze | ‫ ﺷـﻢ اﻟﻨﺴـﻴﻢ‬šamm an-n. Egyptian popular holiday celebrated on the
Monday following Greek-Coptio Easter
‫ ﻣﻨﺴﻢ‬mansim pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﻢ‬manāsim2 foot sole, padded foot (of animals)
1561
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺴـﻢ‬mutanassim (with foll. genit.) place where s.th. blows, is exhaled,

emanates, or exudes
‫ ﻧﺴـﺎﻧﺲ‬nanās, nisnās pl. ‫ ﻧﺴـﺎﻧﺲ‬nasānis2 a fabulous creature of the woods,
having one leg and one arm; (eg.) monkey
‫ ﻧﺴﻮة‬niswa, ‫ ﻧﺴﻮان‬niswān and ‫ ﻧﺴﺎء‬nisā’ women (pl. of ‫)اﻣﺮأة‬
‫ ﻧﺴـﻮي‬nisawī and ‫ ﻧﺴـﺎﺋﻲ‬nisā’ī female, feminine, womanly, women’s;
‫ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻴﺎت‬women’s affairs, things belonging to a woman’s world
‫ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬nisā’īya feminist movement
‫ ﻧﺴﻲ‬nasiya a (nasy, ‫ ﻧﺴﻴﺎن‬nisyān) to forget (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻧﺲ ﻻ اﻧﺲ‬mā ansa
lā ansā (lit.: whatever I may forget, I shall not forget, i.e.) I shall never
forget; sometimes also: ‫اﻧﺴـﻰ‬ ‫( ﻣـﺎ اﻧـﺲ ﻻ‬ansā) and ‫( ان اﻧـﺲ ﻓـﻼ اﻧﺴـﻰ‬in) I shall
never forget IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) forget (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to pretend to have
forgotten (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to forget, neglect, omit (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), become oblivious (‫ ﻫـ‬of)
‫ ﻧﺴـﻲ‬nasy oblivion, forgetfulness; s.th. one hal forgotten | ‫اﺻـﺒﺢ ﻧﺴـﻴﺎ ﻣﻨﺴـﻴﺎ‬
aṣbaḥa nasyan mansīyas to be completely forgotten, fall into utter oblivion
Confidential
‫ ﻧﺴﻲ‬nasīy, ‫ ﻧﺴﺎء‬nassā’ and ‫ ﻧﺴﻴﺎن‬nisyān2 forgetful, oblivious
‫ ﻧﺴﻴﺎن‬nisyān oblivion, forgetfulness
‫ ﻣﻨﺴـﻲ‬mansīy forgotten; pl. ‫( ﻣﻨﺴـﻴﺎت‬as opposed to ‫ )ﳏﻔﻮﻇـﺎت‬things once
memorized and now forgotten
‫ ﻧﺶ‬našša i (našš, ‫ ﻧﺸﻴﺶ‬nasīš) to sizzle, simmer, bubble, boil up; to hiss; --
to drive away flies
‫ ورق ﻧﺸﺎش‬waraq naššāš blotting paper
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺔ‬minašša fly whisk
‫ ﻧﺸـﺄ‬naša’a a and ‫ ﻧﺸـﺆ‬našū’a u (‫ ﻧـﺶء‬naš’, ‫ ﻧﺸـﻮء‬nušū’, ‫ ﻧﺸـﺄة‬naš’a) to rise,
rise aloft, emerge, appear, loom up; to come into being, come into existence,
originate, form, arise, come about, crop up; to proceed, spring (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from), grow out (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of); to follow, ensue, result, derive (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ﻋـﻦ‬
from); to grow, grow up; to develop, evolve | ‫( ﻧﺸـﺄ ﻧﺸـﻮءا ذاﺗﻴـﺎ‬dātīyan) to start
by iteslf, arise spontaneously, come about automatically II to cause to
grow; to bring up, raise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a child) IV to cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to rise; to create,
bring into being (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., of God); to bring forth, produce, generate,
1562
engender (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give rise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to make, manufacture, fabricate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to build, construct (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to call into existence, originate, start,
found, establish, organize. institute (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set up, erect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
install (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to compose, draw up (‫ ﻫـ‬a piece of writing), write (‫ ﻫـ‬a book);
to bring up, raise, rear (‫ ه‬a child); to begin, start, commence, initiate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) V to grow, develop, spread, gain ground X to search, ask, look (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for
news)
‫ ﻧﺶء‬naš’ youth; new generation | ‫ اﻟﻨﺶء اﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬the young generation
‫ ﻧﺸـﺄة‬naš’a growing up, upgrowth, growth; early life. youth; rise, birth,
formation, genesis; origin; youth, young generation; culture, refinement;
upbringing. background (of a person) | ‫ﻧﺸـﺄة ﻣﺴـﺘﺄﻧﻔﺔ‬ (musta’nafa) rebirth,
renaissance
‫ ﻧﺸـﻮء‬nusii’ growing, growth, development, evolution | O ‫ﻣـﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﻨﺸـﻮء‬
‫ واﻟﱰﻗﻲ‬madhab an-n. wa-t-taraqqī theory of evolution, evolutionism
O ‫ اﻟﻨﺸﻮﺋﻴﻮن‬an-nušū’īyūn the evolutionists
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﺸـﺄ‬manša’ place of origin or up-growth; birth place, home town, home;
fatherland, homeland, native country; origin, rise, birth, formation, genesis;
source, springhead, fountainhead; beginning, start, onset
‫ ﺗﻨﺸﻲء‬tanšī’ upbringing, education
‫ ﺗﻨﺸﺌﺔ‬tanši’a upbringing, education
‫ إﻧﺸ ــﺎء‬inšā’ creation; origination; bringing about; setting up.
Establishment, organization, institution; formation; making, manufacture,
production; erection; building, construction; founding, foundation;
installation; composition, compilation, writing; letter writing; style, art of
composition; essay, treatise | ‫اﻧﺸ ــﺎءات ﻋﺴ ــﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ (‘askarīya) military
installations; ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ اﻋﺎدة‬i’ādat al-i. reconstruction
‫ إﻧﺸــﺎﺋﻲ‬inšā’ī creative; constructive; relating to composition or style;
stylistic; editing, editorial | ‫ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺞ إﻧﺸـﺎﺋﻲ‬ (barnāmaj) production program;
‫( ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬qiṭ‘a) exercise in composition; ‫ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬theme, composition
‫ﺷــﺊ‬ nāši’ growing, growing up; arising, originating, proceeding,
emanating, springing, resulting (or from); beginner; (in sports) junior;
youngster, youth
‫ ﺷﺌﺔ‬nāši’a youth, rising generation
1563
‫ ﻣﻨﺸـﺊ‬munši’ creating; creative; creator; organizer, promoter, founder;

author, writer
‫ ﻣﻨﺸــﺄة‬munša’a pl. -āt creation, product, work, OpUs; foundation,
establishment; installation; institution, institute; pl. installations (e.g.,
industrial, military)
1‫ ﻧﺸـﺐ‬našiba a (našb, ‫ ﻧﺸـﺒﺔ‬nušba, ‫ ﻧﺸـﻮب‬nušūb) to be fixed, be attached,
cling, stick, adhere (‫ ﰲ‬to); to attend (‫ ب‬s.th.), be incident (‫ ب‬to); to get
involved (‫ ﰲ‬in), meddle (‫ ﰲ‬with); to break out (war) | ‫ﻧﺸـﺐ‬ ‫ ﻣـﺎ‬or ‫ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺸـﺐ‬not
to hesitate II and IV to stick on, paste on, attach, fix, insert (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﺸﺐ‬našb property, possession
‫ ﻧﺸﻮب‬nušūb clinging, adherence (‫ ﰲ‬to); outbreak
‫ ﻧﺸﺎب‬naššāb arrow maker; archer, bowman
‫ ﻧﺸﺎب‬nuššāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻧﺸﺎﺷﻴﺐ‬našāšīb2 arrows
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺐ‬muntašib fierce, violent (battle)
2‫ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬look up alphabetically
Confidential
‫ ﻧﺸﺞ‬našaja i (‫ ﻧﺸﻴﺞ‬našīj) to sob
‫ ﻧﺸـﺪ‬našada u (našd, ‫ ﻧﺸـﺪة‬našda, ‫ ﻧﺸـﺪان‬nišdān) to seek (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look,
search (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to adjure, implore (‫ه‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. by, e.g., ‫ ﷲ‬allaha by God) III to
adjure, implore (‫ ان ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ ه‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. to do s.th., ‫ ه ه‬s.o. by, e.g., ‫ ﷲ‬allāha
by God) IV to seek (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), look, search (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to sing (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to recite
(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. verses) VI to recite verses to each other X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
recite verses
‫ ﻧﺸﻴﺪ‬našīd and ‫ اﻧﺸﻮدة‬unšūda pl. ‫ ﻧﺸـﺎﺋﺪ‬našā’id2, ‫ اﻧﺸـﺎد‬anšād, ‫ ا ﺷـﻴﺪ‬anāšīd2
song; hymn, anthem | ‫ ﻧﺸـﻴﺪ اﻷ ﺷـﺪ‬or ‫ ﻧﺸـﻴﺪ اﻷﻧﺸـﺎد‬the Song of Solomon, the
Song of Songs; ‫( اﻟﻨﺸـﻴﺪ اﻷﳑـﻲ‬umamī) the International; ‫( ﻧﺸـﻴﺪ ﲪﺎﺳـﻲ‬ḥamāsī)
rallying song; ‫‘( ﻧﺸـﻴﺪ ﻋﺴـﻜﺮي‬askarī) soldier’s song, marching song; military
march; ‫( ﻧﺸـﻴﺪ ﻗـﻮﻣﻲ‬qaumī) or ‫( ﻧﺸـﻴﺪ وﻃـﲏ‬waṭanī) national anthem; ‫ﻧﺸـﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻠـﻲ‬
(lailī) serenade; ‫( ﻧﺸﻴﺪ ﻣﻠﻜﻲ‬malakī) royal anthem
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺷﺪة‬munāšada urgent request, earnest appeal, adjuration
‫ اﻧﺸﺎد‬inšād recitation, recital
1564
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﻮد‬manšūd sought, aspired, desired, pursued (aim, objective)

‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺪ‬munšid singer
‫ ﻧﺸﺎدر‬nušādir and ‫ ﻧﻮﺷﺎدر‬nūšādir ammonia
‫ ﻧﺸـﺮ‬našara u (našr) to spread out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to unfold, open (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
unroll (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hoist (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a flag); -- u i to spread, diffuse, emit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a
scent); to announce publicly, publicize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to publish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a book, an
advertisement, etc.); to propagate, spread (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- u (našr, ‫ ﻧﺸـﻮر‬nušūr) to
resurrect from the dead (‫ ه‬s.o.); -- to saw apart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to spread out,
unfold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to resurrect from the dead (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be spread out, be
unfolded; to spread VIII to be spread out, be unfolded; to spread (news, a
disease, etc.); to spread out, extend, expand; to be propagated, be conveyed
(waves); to be diffused, be scattered, be dispersed, be thrown into disorder;
O to fan out, extend (mil.)
‫ ﻧﺸــﺮ‬našr unfolding; spreading, diffusion; propagation; promulgation;
publication; notification, announcement; resurrection | ‫ ﻧﺸــﺮ اﻟــﺪﻋﻮة‬n. ad-
Confidential
da‘wa propaganda; .r;J1 r.J! lIa..m an·n. Day of
publishing house
Resurrection; ‫دار اﻟﻨﺸــﺮ‬
‫ ﻧﺸـﺮة‬našra pl. našarāt (public) notice, proclamation; publication; report,

account; announcement; advertisement; circular; leaflet, pamphlet, handbill;
periodical; order, ordinance, decree, edict | ‫ﻧﺸــﺮة اﻷﺧﺒــﺎر‬ or ‫ﻧﺸــﺮة اﺧﺒﺎرﻳــﺔ‬
(ikbārīya) newscast, news (radio); ‫دورﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﻧﺸﺮة‬daurīya) periodical publication;
‫( ﻧﺸـﺮة اﺳـﺒﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬usbū‘īya) weekly publication, weekly paper; newsreel; ‫ﻧﺸـﺮات‬
‫( ﺟﻮﻳﺔ‬jawwīya) weather report (radio); ‫( ﻧﺸـﺮ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﻷﺳـﻌﺎر‬kāṣṣa) prospectus,
price list; ‫ﻧﺸــﺮة ﻳﻮﻣﻴــﺔ‬ (rasmīya) official publication, bulletin; ‫ﻧﺸــﺮة ﺷــﻬﺮﻳﺔ‬
(šahrīya) monthly publication; O ‫ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﻧﺸﺮة‬yaumīya) order of the day (mil.)
‫ ﻧﺸﺎر‬naššār sawyer
‫ ﻧﺸﺎرة‬nišāra (activity of) sawing
‫ ﻧﺸﺎرة‬nušāra sawdust
‫ ﻧﺸﻮر‬nušūr resurrection | ‫ ﻳﻮم اﻟﻨﺸﻮر‬yaum an-n. Day of Resurrection
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺎر‬minšār pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺷﲑ‬manāšīr2 saw
‫ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬intišār spreading, spread, diffusion, diffusiveness
1565
‫ ﺷﺮ‬nāšir publisher
‫ ﻣﻨﺸـﻮر‬manšūr spread abroad. propagated, made public, published; sawn
(apart); -- (pl. -āt, ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺷـﲑ‬ manāšīr2) leaflet, pamphlet, handbill; circular;
prospectus; proclamation; order, ordinance, decree, edict; prism (math.)
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﻮري‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺸــﺮ‬muntašir spreading, spread out; widespread, current, rife;
prevailing, prevalent, predominant
‫ ﻧﺸـﺰ‬našaza u i (našz) to be elevated, be located high above; to rise; --
(‫ ﻧﺸــﻮز‬nušūz) to be recalcitrant, disobedient (‫ب‬ ,‫ ﻣــﻦ‬,‫ﻋﻠــﻰ‬ toward her
husband; said of a woman); to treat (a wife) brutally (said of a man) IV to
restore to life, revive, reanimate (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﺸﺰ‬našaz pl. ‫ اﻧﺸﺎز‬anšāz elevated place, high ground

‫ ﻧﺸﺎز‬našāz dissonance, discord
‫ ﻧﺸـﻮز‬nušūz animosity, hostility; antipathy; dissonance, discord; (īsl. Law)
violation of marital duties on the part of either husband or wife, specif.,
recalcitrance of the woman toward her husband, and brutal treatment of the
Confidential
wife by the husband
‫ ﺷـﺰ‬nāšiz protruding, elevated, raised; jarring, dissonant, discordant;
recalcitrant
‫ ﺷﺰة‬nāšiza pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﺷﺰ‬nawāšiz2 recalcitrant woman, shrew, termagant
‫ ﻧﺸــﻂ‬našiṭa a (‫ ﻧﺸــﺎط‬našāṭ) to be lively, animated, brisk, sprightly,
vivacious, spirited, active, eager, keen, zealous, brave, cheerful, gay; to
display vim and energy (‫ ﰲ‬in some work), be energetic and active, work
energetically and actively (‫ اﱃ‬for, toward); to be in the mood (‫ ل‬for), feel
like doing s.th. (‫ ;)ل‬to be glad, enthusiastic (‫ ل‬about); to apply o.s. eagerly,
attend actively (‫ ل‬to some activity), embark briskly (‫ ل‬upon s.th.) | ‫ﻧﺸـﻂ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫‘( ﻋﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬iqālihī) to be freed from one’s shackles, be unfettered, be unshackled;
-- našafa u (našf) to tie a knot
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬in a rope), knot (. a rope) II and IV to incite, spur on, enliven,
stimulate, activate, excite (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.); to strengthen, invigorate,
animate, inspirit, energize (‫ ه‬s.o.), impart vim and energy (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
encourage, embolden (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ اﱃ‬to do s.th.); to knot, tie up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be
lively, animated, brisk, sprightly, vivacious, spirited, active, eager, keen,
1566
zealous, brave, cheerful, gay; to display vim and energy (‫ ﰲ‬in some work),
be energetic and active, work energetically and actively (‫ اﱃ‬for, toward); to
be in the mood (‫ ل‬for), feel like doing s.th. (‫)ل‬
‫ ﻧﺸـﻂ‬našiṭ lively, animated, spirited, brisk, sprightly, vivacious, agile,
nimble; stirring, bustling, busy, enterprising, energetic, active
‫ ﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬našṭa energy; eagerness, ardor, zeal
‫ ﻧﺸﺎط‬našāṭ briskness, sprightliness, liveliness, animation, vivacity; agility,
alacrity, eagerness, ardor, zeal, energy, vim, activeness; activity; lively
activity, action, operation; strength, power (physical and mental); vigor,
vital energy, vitality | ‫ﺟـﻮي‬ ‫( ﻧﺸـﺎط‬jawwī) aerial activity; ‫( ﻧﺸـﺎط اﺷـﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬iš‘ā‘ī)
radioactivity; ‫ ذو ﻧﺸـﺎط اﺷـﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬radioactive; ‫( ﻣـﻮاد ذات ﻧﺸـﺎط اﺷـﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬mawād2)
radioactive substances, radioactive matter; ‫ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﺸـﺎط‬active; ‫ﻋـﺪﱘ اﻟﻨﺸـﺎط‬
inactive, dull, listless (stock market)
‫ ﻧﺸـﻴﻂ‬našīṭ pl. ‫ ﻧﺸـﺎط‬nišāṭ brisk, lively, spirited, animated, cheerful, gay;
stirring, bustling, busy, active, energetic; glad, happy, enthusiastic (‫ ل‬about),
Confidential
actively devoted (‫ ل‬to) | ‫اﻟﻨﺸﻴﻂ‬ ‫( اﳉﻨﺲ‬jins) the stronger sex
‫ اﻧﺸﻮﻃﺔ‬unšūṭa pl. ‫ ا ﺷﻴﻂ‬anāšīṭ2 knot, slipknot, bow, noose
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﻂ‬manšaṭ pleasant thing
‫ ﺗﻨﺸ ــﻴﻂ‬tanšīṭ encouragement, incitement; stimulation; enlivening,
animation, activation
‫ ﺷــﻂ‬nāšiṭ brisk, lively, spirited, animated, cheerful, gay; stirring,
bustling, busy, active, energetic
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﻂ‬munšiṭ spur, incentive, impetus, stimulus
‫ ﻧﺸﻊ‬naša‘a a (naš‘) to tear out, tear off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII do.
‫ ﻧﺸﻊ‬naš‘ leakage water, seepage
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﻊ‬munašša‘ sodden, soggy, soaked, drenched, soaking wet
‫ ﻧﺸﻒ‬našafa u (našf) to suck up, absorb (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); -- nasifa a to dry, dry up,
dry out, become dry II to dry, make dry (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wipe (dry), rub dry (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) | ‫( ﻧﺸـﻒ رﻳﻘـﻪ‬rīqahū) to exert o.s., toil hard; to pester, molest s.o. V =
nasifa; to wipe o.s. dry; to be wiped dry, be dried
‫ ﻧﺸﻒ‬našaf desiccation, dryfless
‫ ﻧﺸﺎف‬naššāf blotting paper
1567
‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻓﺔ‬naššāfa sheet of blotting paper, blotting pad; blotter; towel

‫ ﻣﻨﺸﻔﺔ‬minšafa pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺷﻒ‬manāšif towel; cleaning rag; napkin
‫ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻒ‬tanšīfdrying
‫ ﺷﻒ‬nāšif desiccated, dried up, dry; hard, stiff, tough
‫ ﻧﺸـﻖ‬našiqa a (našq and našaq) to smell, sniff, inhale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬sth.); to suff up
the nosrils(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II and IV to give (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.) to smell, make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
inhale (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V and VIII to inhale, breathe in; to snuff up the nostrils (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) | ‫( اﻧﺘﺸـﻖ اﳍـﻮاء‬hawā’a) to get some fresh air X = I; to nose around (‫ﻫ ـ‬
for), sniff out (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﺸﻖ‬našq, ‫ ﺗﻨﺸﻖ‬tanaššuq and ‫ اﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق‬istinšāq inhaling, inhalation
‫ ﻧﺸﻮق‬našūq, nušūq snuff
‫ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻘﺔ‬tanšīqa pinch of snuff
‫ ﻧﺸـﻞ‬našala u (naš) to take away, snatch away, steal, pilfer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
extricate (from dangers, difficulties, etc.), liberate, deliver, save (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII
Confidential
to extricate; to raise, raise aloft; to gather up, pick up (shipwrecked persons,
etc.), save, rescue (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﺸﻞ‬našl pickpocketing, pickpocketry
‫ ﻧﺸﺎل‬naššāl pickpocket
‫ ﻧﺸـﺎن‬nišān and ‫ ﻧﻴﺸـﺎن‬nīšān pl. ‫ ﻧﻴﺎﺷـﲔ‬nayāšīn2 sign; mark; aim, goal;
target; decoration, medal. order; ('1/.) bridal attire
‫ ﻧﺸﻨﺠﻲ‬našanjī and ‫ ﻧﺸﺎﳒﻲ‬naānjī marksman, good shot, sharpshooter
‫ ﻧﺸﻨﻜﺎﻩ‬nišankāh sight (of a gun)
‫ ﻧﺸﻨﺶ‬našnaša to be nimble, swift, brisk, adroit, dexterous, agile, active; to
boil up, sizzle, simmer, bubble II tanašnaša to be nimble and dexterous; to
revive, recover, pick up
(‫ ﻧﺸـﻮ‬and ‫ﻧﺸـﻲ‬ (‫ ﻧﺸـﻲ‬našiya a (‫ ﻧﺸـﻮة‬našwa, nušwa, nišwa) to be or become
intoxicated, be or become drunk II to starch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬clothes, linen) VIII to
become intoxicated X to smell (‫ ﻫـ‬a scent), to inhale (‫ ﻫـ‬a breeze)
‫ ﻧﺸـﻮة‬našwa fragrance, aroma, scent, perfume; intoxication, drunkenness;
frenzy, delirium | ‫ﻧﺸــﻮة اﻟﻄــﺮب‬ n. aṭ-ṭarab rapture, elation, exultation,
enthusiasm, ecstasy
1568
‫ ﻧﺸﺎ‬našan scent, perfume; starch, cornstarch

‫ ﻧﺸﺎء‬našā’ starch, cornstarch
‫ ﻧﺸﻮي‬našawī starchy; pl. ‫ ﻧﺸﻮ ت‬starchy foodstuffs
‫ ﻧﺸـﻮان‬našawān2, f. ‫ ﻧﺸـﻮى‬našwā, pl. ‫ ﻧﺸـﺎوى‬našāwā intoxicated, drunk;
enraptured, elated, exultant, flushed
‫ اﻧﺘﺸﺎء‬intišā’ intoxication
‫ ﻧـﺺ‬naṣṣa u (naṣṣ) to fix, lay down, appoint, stipulate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), provide
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for), specify, determine (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), define (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to fix or
determine the text (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.), draw up, compose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a letter); to arrange,
stack, pile up in layers (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to set up, line up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻧـﺺ‬pl. ‫ ﻧﺼـﻮص‬text; wording, version; passage, word, phrase, sentence,
clause; expression, manner of expression, language, phraseology, style;
provision, term, stipulation, condition; arrangement; manifestation, evidence
| ‫ﺑﻨﺼـﻪ‬ ‫ ﺑﻨﺼـﻪ وﻓﺼـﻪ‬bi-n. wa-faṣṣihī in the very words, ipsissimis
verbatim,
verbis, literally, precicely; ‫ ﻧﺼﺎ وروﺣﺎ‬naṣṣan wa-rūḥan in letter and spirit
Confidential
‫ ﻧﺼﺔ‬nuṣṣa pl. ‫ ﻧﺼﺺ‬nuṣaṣ, forelock
‫ ﻣﻨﺼـﺔ‬minṣa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎص‬manāṣṣ2 raised platform, dais, tribune, podium;
bridal throne; easel | ‫ ﻣﻨﺼـﺔ اﳊﻜـﻢ‬m. al-ḥukm position of power; ‫ﻣﻨﺼـﺔ اﳋﻄﺎﺑـﺔ‬
rostrum
‫ ﺗﻨﺼﻴﺺ‬tanṣīṣ quotation | ‫‘ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﺼﻴﺺ‬alāmāt at-t. quotation marks
‫ﻣﻨﺼـﻮص ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ manṣūṣ ‘alaihi fixed, appointed, stipulated, provided for,
specified; determined; laid down in writing
‫ ﻧﺼـﺐ‬naṣaba u (naṣb) to raise, rear, erect, set up, put up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
prepare, get ready, fit up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pitch (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a tent); to plant, raise (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
standard, a flagstaff), hoist (‫ ﻫـ‬a flag); to plant (‫ ﻫـ‬a tree); O to level, aim (‫ ﻫـ‬a
cannon); to appoint to an office, install in an official position; to show,
manifest, display (‫ ل‬toward s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬evil, enmity); to direct, aim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g.,
criticism, ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against or at s.o.); (eg.) to cheat, swindle, dupe, gull, deceive
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce (a final consonant) with the vowel a; to put
(a noun) in the accusative, put (a verb) in the subjunctive | ‫ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻟـﻪ اﳊـﺮب‬
1569
(ḥarba) to declare war on s.o.; ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺎ‬ ‫( ﻧﺼﺐ ﻟﻪ‬šarakan) or ‫( ﻧﺼﺐ ﻟﻪ ﻓﺨـﺎ‬fakkan)

to set a trap for s.o.; ‫( ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻟـﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﻨـﺎ‬kamīnan) to prepare an ambush for s.o.;
‫( ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻣﻜﻴـﺪة‬makīdatan) to devise a clever plan, hatch a plot; -- naṣaba u
(naṣb) to distress, trouble, fatigue, wear out, exhaust (disease or sorrow; ‫ه‬
s.o.); to jade (‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫ل‬ ‫( ﻧﺼـﺒﻮا اﻧﻔﺴـﻬﻢ‬anfusahum) they made every effort in
order to ..., they struggled hard to ...; -- naṣiba a (naṣab) to be tired, fatigued,
jaded, worn out, exhausted; to exert o.s. to the utmost (‫ ﰲ‬in) II to set up, set
upright, rear, raise, lift up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to install (‫ه‬ ‫ ه‬s.o. as), appoint (‫ ه ه‬s.o.
to an office) | ‫اذﻧﻴـﻪ‬
‫( ﻧﺼـﺐ‬udnaihi) to prick up one’s ears III to be hostile (‫ه‬
to s.o.), fight, combat, oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.), display enmity | ‫( ﺻﺒﻪ اﳊﺮب‬ḥarba) to
declare war on s.o.; ‫( ﺻﺒﻪ اﻟﺸﺮ‬šarra) to show o.s. openly hostile to s.o., open
hostilities against s.o.; ‫اﻟﻌـﺪاء‬ ‫ﺻـﺐ‬ (‘adā’a) to declare o.s. the enemy of s.o.
IV to tire, fatigue, wear out, exhaust (‫ ه‬s.o.); to fix a share or allotment (‫ه‬
for s.o.) VIII to rise up, straighten up, draw o.s. up; to plant o.s.; to rise; to
Confidential
get up, stand up, get on one’s feet; to stand upright, be in a vertical position;
to be set up, be raised; to be appointed (‫ ل‬to an office), hold an office (‫;)ل‬
(gram.) to be pronounced with a (final consonant), be in naṣb (accusative or
subjunctive) | ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫( اﻧﺘﺼﺐ‬li-l-ḥukm) to sit in judgment
‫ ﻧﺼـﺐ‬setting up, putting up, placing; erection; planting, raising (e.g., of a
flagstaff); appointment, installation, investiture; pronunciation of a final
consonant with a; the putting a noun in the accusative, or a verb in the
subjunctive (gram.); disease, illness; (eg.) swindle, trickery, skulduggery,
deception, fraud
‫ ﻧﺼـﺐ‬naṣb pl. ‫ اﻧﺼـﺎب‬anṣāb s.th. planted in the ground, set up, or erected;
plants (coll.)
‫ ﻧﺼـﺐ‬nuṣb, nuṣub pl. ‫ اﻧﺼـﺎب‬anṣāb statue; idol, graven image; monument |
‫( ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﺬﻛﺎري‬tadkārī) monument, cenotaph
‫ ﻧﺼـﺐ‬nuṣba (prep.) in front of, opposite, facing | ‫‘( ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻋﻴـﲏ‬ainayya)
before my eyes; ‫‘( ﺟﻌـﻞ )وﺿـﻊ( ﻫ ـ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬ainaihi) to direct one’s attention
to ..., have ... in view
‫ ﻧﺼـﺐ‬naṣab exertion, strain, hardship, fatigue; (pl. ‫ اﻧﺼـﺎب‬anṣāb) flag
planted in the ground
1570
‫ ﻧﺼﺒﺔ‬naṣba pl. -āt plant

‫ ﻧﺼﺒﺔ‬nuṣba post; pale, stake, pier, buttress, pillar; signpost, guidepost
‫ ﻧﺼـﺎب‬niṣāb origin, beginning; (Isl. Law) minimum amount of property
liable to payment of the zakāh tax; minimum number or amount; quorum;
(pl. -āt, ‫ ﻧﺼـﺐ‬nuṣub) sword hilt, knife handle, saber guard | ‫ ﰲ ﻧﺼـﺎﺑﻪ‬in its
proper place, in good order, perfectly all right; ‫اﺳــﺘﻘﺮت اﻷﻣــﻮر ﰲ ﻧﺼــﺎ ﺎ‬
(istaqarrat) things were straightened out, returned to normal; ‫وﺿـﻊ اﳊـﻖ ﰲ‬
‫ﻧﺼـﺎﺑﻪ‬ (ḥaqqa) to restore justice; ‫ وﺿـﻊ( اﻣـﺮا اﱃ ﻧﺼـﺎﺑﻪ‬،‫( رد )اﻋـﺎد‬radda, a‘āda
amran) to straighten s.th. out, set a matter right; ‫( ﻋـﺎد اﳍـﺪوء اﱃ ﻧﺼـﺎﺑﻪ‬hudū’u)
peace has been restored; ‫اﲤﺎﻣـﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺼــﺎب‬ (itmāman) so as to complete the

number, in order to round off the amount
‫ ﻧﺼــﺎب‬naṣṣāb fraud, cheat, sharper, swindler, impostor; deceitful,
fraudulent
‫ ﻧﺼــﻴﺐ‬naṣīb pl. ‫ ﻧﺼــﺐ‬nuṣub, ‫ اﻧﺼــﺒﺎء‬anṣibā’2, ‫ اﻧﺼــﺒﺔ‬anṣiba share,
participation (‫ ﰲ‬in); share of profits, dividend; luck, chance; fate, lot | ‫ﻛـﺎن‬
Confidential
‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺼـﻴﺒﻪ‬to fall to s.o.’s share or lot; ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺼـﻴﺒﻪ ان‬to be so fortunate as to
‫( ﻛـﺎن ﻧﺼـﻴﺒﻪ ﻣـﻦ ذﻟـﻚ اﻹﺧﻔـﺎق‬ikfāqu) to have
..., have the good fortune to ...;
bad luck in s.th., draw a blank; ‫( ﻫـﻮ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﺼـﻴﺐ واﻓـﺮ ﻣـﻦ‬wāfirin) to have an
ample share in ...
‫ﻧﺼﻴﺐ‬ yā-naṣīb lottery
‫ ﻣﻨﺼـﺐ‬manṣib pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺻـﺐ‬manāṣib2 place where s.th. is planted, set up, or
erected; office, dignity, rank, position, poet | ‫ار ب اﳌﻤﻨﺎﺻـﺐ‬ or ‫اﺻــﺤﺎب‬
‫ اﳌﻨﺎﺻﺐ‬high dignitaries
‫ ﻣﻨﺼﺐ‬minṣab pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ‬manāṣib2 kitchen range, cookstove
‫ ﺗﻨﺼــﻴﺐ‬tanṣīb appointment, nomination; installation, induction (in an
official position)
‫ اﻧﺘﺼﺎب‬intiṣāb raising, rearing, righting; setting up, putting up; erection
‫ ﺻـﺐ‬nāṣib tiring, wearisome, exhausting; -- (pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﺻـﺐ‬nawāṣib2) word
governing the subjunctive (gram.)
1571
‫ ﻣﻨﺼـﻮب‬manṣūb erected; set-up, raised; planted in the ground; fixed,

fastened, attached; installed in office; leveled, aimed (cannon; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at); (pl. -
āt) word in the accusative or subjunctive
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﺐ‬muntaṣib set upright, set-up, raised, planted in the ground; erected;
upright, erect, straight, vertical, perpendicular
‫ ﻧﺼـﺖ‬naṣata i (naṣt) and IV to listen, hearken, give ear (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬to s.o., ‫ل‬
to s.th.) V to try to hear; to eavesdrop, listen secretly
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﺖ‬mutanaṣṣit eavesdropper
‫ ﻧﺼﺢ‬naṣaḥa a (naṣḥ, nuṣḥ, ‫ ﻧﺼﺎﺣﺔ‬naṣāḥa, ‫ ﻧﺼﻴﺤﺔ‬naṣīḥa) to give (‫ ل‬,‫ ه‬s.o.)
sincere advice, advise, counsel (‫ ل‬,‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬to do s.th.), admonish. exhort; -
- a (naṣḥ, ‫ ﻧﺼﻮح‬nuṣūḥ) to be sincere; to mean well (‫ ل‬with s.o.), wish s.o. (‫)ل‬
well, be well-disposed, show good will (‫ ل‬toward s.o.); to act in good faith
(‫ ل‬toward s.o.) III to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) sincere advice; to be sincere in one’s
intentions (‫ ه‬toward s.o.) VI to be loyal and sincere toward each other VIII
to take good advice, follow an advice X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for advice, be
Confidential
advised (‫ ه‬by s.o.), consult (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﺼﺢ‬naṣḥ, nuṣḥ good advice; counseling, counsel; guidance
‫ ﻧﺼﻴﺢ‬naṣīḥ sincere; faithful adviser
‫ ﻧﺼـﻴﺤﺔ‬naṣīḥa pl. ‫ ﻧﺼــﺎﺋﺢ‬naṣā’iḥ2 sincere advice; friendly admonition,
friendly reminder | ‫اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑﺬل‬to give a word of advice
‫ ﻧﺼﻮح‬naṣūḥ sincere, true, faithful, loyal
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﺼﺎح‬istinṣāḥ consultation
‫ ﺻـﺢ‬nāṣiḥ pl. ‫ ﻧﺼـﺎح‬nuṣṣāḥ, ‫ ﻧﺼـﺢ‬nuṣṣah sincere; good counselor, sincere
adviser
‫ ﻧﺼـﺮ‬naṣara u (naṣr, ‫ ﻧﺼـﻮر‬nuṣūr) to help, aid, assist (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. against); to
render victorious, let triumph (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. over; of God); to deliver (‫ ﻣﻦ ه‬s.o.
from), keep, protect, save II to Christianize, convert to Christianity (‫ ه‬s.o.)
III to help, aid, assist, support, defend, protect (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to try to help, seek
to support (‫ ل‬s.o.), stand up for s.o. (‫ ;)ل‬to become a Christian VI to render
mutual assistance, help each other VIII to come to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬aid, be on s.o.’s
1572
(‫ )ل‬side, side with s.o. (‫ ;)ل‬to be victorious; to gain a victory, to triumph

(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over); to take revenge (‫ ﻣﻦ‬on) X to ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for assistance
‫ ﻧﺼﺮ‬naṣr help, aid, assistance, support, backing; victory; triumph
‫ ﻧﺼﺮة‬nuṣra help, aid, assistance, support, backing
‫ ﻧﺼﺮاﱐ‬naṣrānī pl. ‫ ﻧﺼﺎرى‬naṣārā Christian
‫ ﻧﺼﺮاﻧﻴﺔ‬naṣrānīya Christianity
‫ ﻧﺼـﲑ‬naṣīr pl. ‫ ﻧﺼـﺮاء‬nuṣarā’2 helper; supporter, defender, protector; ally,
canfederate; adherent, follower, partisan; furtherer, promoter, patron
‫ اﻟﻨﺼﲑﻳﺔ‬an-nuṣairīya the Ansarie, a gnostic sect in Syria
‫ ﺻﻮر‬naṣūr pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﺻﲑ‬nawāṣīr2 fistula
‫ ﻣﻨﺼﺮ‬manṣar pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬manāṣir2 (eg.) band of robbers
‫ ﺗﻨﺼﲑ‬tanṣīr Christianization; baptism
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺻــﺮة‬munāṣara assistance, help, aid, support, backing, furtherance,
promotion, patronage
‫ اﻧﺘﺼﺎر‬intiṣār (pl. -āt) victory, triumph; revenge
Confidential
‫ ﺻـﺮ‬nāṣir pl. -ūn, ‫ اﻧﺼـﺎر‬anṣār, ‫ ﻧﺼـﺎر‬nuṣṣār helper; protector; granting
victory | ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ‬ ‫ اﺧﺬ‬to help s.o.
‫ اﻧﺼﺎر‬anṣār (pl.) adherents, followers, partisans, sponsors, patrons, friends;
‫ اﻷﻧﺼـﺎر‬the Medinan followers of Mohammed who granted him refuge after
the Hegira
‫ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮة‬an-nāṣira Nazareth
‫ ﺻﺮي‬nāṣirī of Nazareth; Nazarene
‫ ﻣﻨﺼـﻮر‬manṣūr supported, aided (by God); victorious, triumphant; victor;
‫ اﳌﻨﺼﻮرة‬El Mansûra (city in N Egypt)
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬munāṣir helper, supporter, defender, protector
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﺮ‬muntaṣir victorious, triumphant
‫ ﻧﺼـﻊ‬naṣa‘a a (‫ ﻧﺼـﻮع‬nuṣū‘) to be clear, pure; to be plain, evident, obvious,
manifest, patent; to recognize (‫ ب‬s.th., esp., a claim or title) IV to recognize.
acknowledge (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﺼﻮع‬nuṣū‘ whiteness; brightness (of a color)
1573
‫ ﻧﺼﻴﻊ‬naṣī‘ pure, clear; plain, evident, obvious, ostensible, manifest, patent

‫ ﻧﺼـﺎﻋﺔ‬naṣā‘a purity; clearness, clarity (also. e.g., of argumentation, of
expression)
‫ ﺻــﻊ‬nāṣi‘ pure, clear; plain, evident, obvious, ostensible, manifest,
patent; white | ‫ ﺻـﻊ اﻟﺒﻴـﺎض‬n. al-bayāḍ snowwhite; ‫( ﺣـﻖ ﺻـﻊ‬ḥaqq) plain
truth; ‫ ﳍﻢ ﺟﺒﺎﻩ ﺻﻌﺔ‬approx.: they have a clean slate, their skirts are clean
‫ ﻧﺼـﻒ‬naṣafa u i (naṣf) to reach its midst (day), become noon II to divide
in the middle, bisect, halve (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to share (‫ ه‬with s.o.) half of s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬,
go halves (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o. in), share equally (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬with s.o. s.th.) IV to be just;
to treat with justice (‫ ه‬s.o.), be just (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to see that justice is done
(‫ ه‬to s.o.), see that s.o. (‫ )ه‬gets his right; to treat without discrimination (‫ه‬
s.o.); to establish s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬right (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬in the face of a rival or oppressor); to

serve (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to submit, subordinate o.s. (‫ ه‬to s.o.), serve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
demand justice VIII to reach its midst, be in the middle, be midway, be half
over (day, night, month, lifetime); to appeal for justice (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to), demand
Confidential
justice (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to do justice (‫ ل‬to s.o.); to take vengeance, revenge o.s.
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬on) X to demand justice
‫ ﻧﺼـﻒ‬niṣf, pl. ‫ اﻧﺼـﺎف‬anṣāf half, moiety; middle | ‫ ﻧﺼـﻒ اﻟـﺪاﺋﺮة‬semicircle;
‫ﻧﺼـﻒ ﺷــﻬﺮي‬ šahrī semimonthly; ‫اﻧﺼــﺎف اﻟﻌــﺬارى‬ a. al-‘adārā demi-vierges;
‫ ﻧﺼـﻒ اﻟﻘـﺮد‬n. al-qird lemur; ‫ ﻧﺼـﻒ اﻟﻘﻄـﺮ‬n. al-quṭr radius; ‫ ﻧﺼـﻒ اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬n. al-lail
midnight; ‫ ﻧﺼـﻒ اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬n. an-nahār midday, noon; ‫ اﻟﻘﺴـﻂ ﻧﺼـﻒ اﻟﺴـﻨﻮي‬al-qisṭ
niṣf as-sanawī the semiannual installment
‫ ﻧﺼـﻒ‬niṣf (uninfl.) medium, middling; of medium size or quality; middle-
aged
‫ ﻧﺼـﻔﻲ‬niṣfī half-, semi-, hemi-, demi- | ‫( ﲤﺜـﺎل ﻧﺼـﻔﻲ‬timtāl) bust; ‫ﺷـﻠﻞ ﻧﺼـﻔﻲ‬
(šalal) hemiplegia; ‫ﻧﺼﻔﻲ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻤﻰ‬aman) hemianopia
‫ ﻧﺼﻒ‬naṣaf and ‫ ﻧﺼﻔﺔ‬naṣafa justice
‫ ﻧﺼﻴﻒ‬naṣīf veil
‫ ﺗﻨﺼﻴﻒ‬tanṣīf halving, bisection
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺻـﻔﺔ‬munāṣafatan half of it (of them), by halves, half and half, by equal
shares, fifty-fifty
1574
‫ اﻧﺼﺎف‬inṣāf justice, equity, fairness; just treatment

‫ ﺻﻒ‬nāṣif pl. ‫ ﻧﺼﺎف‬nuṣṣāf, ‫ ﻧﺼﻒ‬naṣaf, ‫ ﻧﺼﻔﺔ‬naṣafa servant
‫ ﻣﻨﺼﻒ‬munaṣṣif halving, bisecting, dividing into two equal parts
‫ ﻣﻨﺼﻒ‬munṣif a righteous, just man; equitable, fair, just
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬muntaṣaf middle | ‫ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬halfway, midway; ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
9:30 ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة‬, half past nine; ‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬m. al-lail midnight; ‫ ﻣﻨﺘﺼـﻒ اﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬m.
an-nahār midday, noon
‫ ﻧﺼﻞ‬naṣala a u (‫ ﻧﺼﻮل‬nuṣūl) to fall out, fall off, fall to the ground, drop; to
fade (color); to get rid (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), free o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) V to free o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from),
rid o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to renounce, disavow, shirk (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.), withdraw (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from);

to wash one’s hands of s.th. (‫)ﻣـﻦ‬, vindicate o.s. clear o.s., justify o.s. | ‫ﺗﻨﺼـﻞ‬
‫ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺘﺒﻌــﺔ‬ (tabi‘a) or ‫ﺗﻨﺼــﻞ ﻣــﻦ اﳌﺴــﺆوﻟﻴﺔ‬ (mas’ūlīya) to refuse to take the
responsibility, evade or shirk the responsibility
‫ ﻧﺼﻞ‬naṣl (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻧﺼﺎل‬niṣāl, ‫ اﻧﺼﻞ‬anṣul, ‫ ﻧﺼﻮل‬nuṣūl arrowhead,
Confidential
spearhead; blade or a knife or sword; O spread or surface of a leaf (bot.)
‫ ﺻﻞ‬nāṣil falling, dropping; faded
‫ ﻧﺼﻤﺔ‬naṣama icon, idol, graven image
‫ ﺻـﻴﺔ‬nāṣiya pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاص‬nawāṣin forelock; fore part of the head; (street)
corner |‫ اﺧـﺬ ﺑﻨﺎﺻـﻴﺘﻪ‬to seize, take by the forelock, tackle properly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
‫ ﻣﻠـﻚ ﺻـﻴﺘﻪ‬to be or become muter of s.th., have or get s.th, under control.
muter or control s.th.; ‫( اﻣﺘﻠـﻚ ﻧﻮاﺻـﻴﻪ‬imtalaka) do.; ‫ ﻛـﻞ اﻵﻣـﺎل ﻣﻌﻘـﻮدة ﺑﻨﺎﺻـﻴﺘﻪ‬all
hopes are pinned on him; ‫ ﺣﺠﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﻴﺔ‬ḥajar an-n. cornerstone, quoin
‫ ﻧـﺾ‬naḍḍa i (naḍḍ, ‫ ﻧﻀـﻴﺾ‬naḍīḍ) to ripple, drip, percolate, ooze, leak,
dribble, trickle II to move, shake (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﺾ‬naḍḍ cash, hard money, specie, coin; ‫ ﻧﻀﺎ‬naḍḍsn in (hard) cash
‫ ﻣﺎل ض‬māl nāḍḍ cash, hard money, specie, coin
‫ ﻧﻀـﺐ‬naḍaba u (‫ ﻧﻀـﻮب‬nuḍūb) to seep away in the ground, be absorbed by
the ground; to dry up, run dry, peter out; to be exhausted, be depleted,
become less, diminish, decrease; to dwindle, decline; to die | ‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﻀــﺐ‬
inexhaustible, incessant IV to exhaust, drain, deplete, dry up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1575
‫ ﺿﺐ‬nāḍib pl. ‫ ﻧﻀﺐ‬nuḍḍab dried up, dry; arid, barren, sterile

‫ ﻧﻀـﺞ‬naḍija a (naḍj) to be or become ripe, ripen, mature (also fig., of an
affair, of a personality, or the like); to be well-cooked, be or become well
done (meat); to maturate (tumor) IV to bring to ripeness or maturity, make
ripe, ripen (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to let (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) ripen; to cook well, do well (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻀﺞ‬naḍj, nuḍj ripeness, maturity
‫ ﻧﻀﻮج‬nuḍūj ripeness, maturity
‫ ﻧﻀﻴﺞ‬naḍīj ripe, mature; well-cooked, well done (food)
‫ ﺿﺢ‬nāḍij ripe, mature; well-cooked, well done (food)
‫ ﻧﻀـﺢ‬naḍaḥa i (naḍḥ) to wet, moisten, sprinkle, spray, splash (‫ ب ه‬s.th.
with); to water (‫ ﻫ ـ‬plants); to slake, quench (‫ ﻫ ـ‬thirst); to defend, protect (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.th.); to justify, vindicate (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.), answer (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for); -- a (naḍḥ) to exude or
ooze a fluid (‫ ;)ب‬to sweat, perspire; to leak; to flow over (‫ ب‬with); to shed,
spill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to effuse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

O ‫ ﻧﻀﺎﺣﺔ‬naḍḍāḥa sprinkler
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﻀﺢ‬minḍaḥa shower, douche
‫ ﻣﻨﻀﺤﺔ‬minḍaḥa pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺿﺢ‬manāḍiḥ2 watering can; shower, douche
‫ ﻧﻀـﺪ‬naḍada i (naḍd) to pile up, stack, tier, arrange in layers (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
put in order, array, arrange (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) II do.; to compose, set (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.; typ.)
‫ ﻧﻀﺪ‬naḍad pl. ‫ اﻧﻀﺎد‬anḍād, bedstead; pile, stack, rows, tiers (e.g., of sacks)
‫ ﻧﻀﺪ‬nuḍud tables
‫ ﻧﻀـﻴﺪ‬naḍīd arranged one above the other, tiered, in rows, in layers;
orderly, tidy, regular
‫ ﻧﻀﻴﺪة‬naḍīda pl. ‫ ﻧﻀﺎﺋﺪ‬naḍā’id2 cushion, pillow, mattress
‫ ﻣﻨﻀـﺪة‬minḍada pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺿـﺪ‬manāḍid2 table; worktable, desk; bedstead;
framework, rack, stand
‫ ﺗﻨﻀﻴﺪ‬tanḍīd typesetting, composition (typ.)
‫ ﻣﻨﻀﺪ‬munaḍḍid pl. -ūn typesetter, compositor (typ.)
‫ ﻣﻨﻀﺢ‬munaḍḍad forming a regular string, regularly set (esp., of teeth)
‫ ﻧﻀﺮ‬naḍara u, naḍira a and naḍura u (‫ ﻧﻀﺮة‬naḍra, ‫ ﻧﻀﻮر‬nuḍūr, ‫ ﻧﻀﺎرة‬naḍara)
to be flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh, beautiful; to be bright, brilliant,
1576
luminous, radiant II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) shine; to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) bloom V to be

verdant, blooming, in blossom
‫ ﻧﻀﺮ‬naḍir flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing
‫ ﻧﻀـﺮة‬naḍra bloom, dower, freshness; glamour, splendor; beauty; health,
vigor; opulence, wealth
‫ ﻧﻀﺎر‬nuḍār (pure) gold
‫ ﻧﻀـﺎرة‬naḍāra bloom, dower, freshness; youthfulness; gracefulness, grace;
health, vigor
‫ ﻧﻀﲑ‬naḍīr flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing; gold
‫ ﺿــﺮ‬nāḍir flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing,
beautiful
‫ ﻧﻀﻒ‬naḍaf wild marjoram
‫ ﻧﻀﻒ‬naḍif dirty, unclean
‫ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ‬naḍīf dirty, unclean
‫ ﻧﻀﻞ‬naḍala u (naḍl) to surpass, beat, defeat (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to try to surpass (‫ه‬
s.o.), vie, compete, contend, dispute (‫ه‬with s.o.); to defend (‫ﻋﻦ‬.o.)s stand up
Confidential
for s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻦ‬VI to vie with one another
‫ ﻧﻀـﺎل‬niḍāl struggle, strife, dispute, controversy, fight, battle; contest,
competition: defense, defensive battle
‫ ﻧﻀﺎﱄ‬niḍālī combative, pugnacious
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺿــﻠﺔ‬munāḍala struggle, strife, dispute, controversy, fight, battle;
contest, competition; defense, defensive battle
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺿﻞ‬munāḍil fighters combatant, defender
‫ ﻧﻀﻨﺎض‬naḍnāḍ hissing viciously, flicking its tongue menacingly (snake)
‫)ﻧﻀـﺎ )ﻧﻀـﻮ‬ naḍā u (naḍw) to take off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a garment, one’s clothes); to
undress (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.), ‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻧﻀـﺎ ﻋـﻦ‬to get undressed; (naḍw, nuḍūw) to dwindles
wane, decline; to fade (esp., color) II to take off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a garment), strip (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.o.) of a garment (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬IV to exhaust, jades make lean (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a riding animal); to
wear out, wear thin (‫ ه‬s.th.) VIII to unsheathe (s a sword)
‫ ﻧﻀﻮ‬naḍw pl. ‫ اﻧﻀﺎء‬anḍā’ a worn, tattered garment
‫ ﻧﻀﻮ‬niḍw pl. ‫ اﻧﻀﺎء‬anḍā’ lean
‫ ﻧﻂ‬naṭṭa u (naṭṭ) to spring, jumps leap; to skip, hop
1577
‫ ﻧـﻂ‬naṭṭ jumping, jump | ‫ ﻧـﻂ اﳊﺒـﻞ‬n. al-ḥabl skipping the rope (children’s
game); ‫ﻃﻮﱄ‬ ‫ ﻧﻂ‬ṭūlī) broad jump
‫ ﻧﻄﺔ‬naṭṭa (n. vic.) jump, leap
‫ ﻧﻄﺎط‬naṭṭāṭ jumper; a variety of grasshopper; restless, ftighty, lightheaded
‫ ﻧﻄـﺢ‬naṭaḥa a (naṭḥ) to push, thrust (with the head or horns), butt III to
bump (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on or against s.th.), ram (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to touch (‫ ه‬s.th.) VI and VIII to
thrust or butt one another; to struggle (with one another)
‫ ﻧﻄـﺢ‬naṭḥ push(ing), thrust(ing), butting; el Nath, a star in the horn of
Aries, α Arietis (astron)
‫ ﻧﻄﺤﺔ‬naṭḥa (n. vic.) push, thrust, butt
‫ ﻧﻄﺎح‬naṭṭāḥ given to butting, a butter
‫ ﻧﻄﻴﺢ‬naṭīḥ butted
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﺤﺔ‬munāṭaḥa bullfight
‫ ﻃـﺢ‬nāṭiḥ: ‫ ﻃﺤـﺔ اﻟﺴـﺤﺎب‬n. as-saḥāb pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاﻃﺢ اﻟﺴـﺤﺎب‬nawāṭiḥ as-s.
skyscraper
Confidential
‫ ﻧﻄﺮ‬naṭara u (naṭr, ‫ ﻧﻄﺎرة‬niṭāra) to watch, guard (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻄﺮ‬naṭr watch, guard, protection
‫ ﻧﻄﺎرة‬niṭāra watch, guard, protection
‫ ﻧﻄﺎر‬nuṭṭār scarecrow
‫ ﻃـﺮ‬nāṭir pl. ‫ ﻧﻄـﺎر‬nuṭṭār, ‫ ﻧﻄـﺮاء‬nuṭarā’2, ‫ ﻧﻄـﺮة‬naṭara, ‫ ﻧـﻮاﻃﺮ‬nawāṭir2 guard,
keeper, warden (esp., of plantations and vineyards), rural warden; lookout in
a ship’s crow’s-nest
‫ ﻃـﻮر‬nāṭūr pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاﻃﲑ‬nawāṭīr2 guard, keeper, warden (esp., of plantations
and vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a ship’s crow’s-nest
‫ ﻃﻮرة‬nāṭūra (syr.) (woman) chaperon
‫ ﻧﻄـﺮون‬naṭrūn natron, esp., the native product of Egypt which is extracted
from the salt lakes of Wādī Naṭrūn northwest of Cairo
‫ ﻧﻄـﺲ‬V to examine thoroughly, investigate carefully, scrutinize (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.);
to possess or employ much skill, be proficient (‫ ب‬in s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻄـﺲ‬naṭs, naṭus well-informed, knowledgeable, experienced, seasoned,
skilled
‫ ﻧﻄﺎﺳ ــﻲ‬naṭāsī, niṭāsī well-informed, knowledgeable, experienced,
seasoned, skilled; (pl. ‫ ﻧﻄﺲ‬nuṭus) a skilled, experienced physician
1578
‫ ﻧﻄﻊ‬pass. nuṭi’a to change colors, turn pale V to be pigheaded, obstinate

‫ ﻧﻄـﻊ‬naṭ’, niṭ’ pl. ‫ اﻧﻄـﺎع‬anṭā’, ‫ ﻧﻄـﻮع‬nuṭū’ leather mat used as a tablecloth
and gaming boards in former times also during executions
‫ ﻧﻄﻊ‬niṭ’, niṭa’ pl. ‫ ﻧﻄﻮع‬nuṭū’ hard palate
‫ اﳊﺮوف اﻟﻨﺎﻃﻌﺔ‬al-ḥurūf an-nāṭi’a the sounds ‫ د‬,‫ ت‬and ‫( ط‬phon.)
‫ ﻧﻄـﻒ‬naṭafa u i (naṭf, ‫ ﺗﻨﻄـﺎف‬tanṭāf, ‫ ﻧﻄﻔـﺎن‬naṭafān, ‫ ﻧﻄﺎﻓـﺔ‬niṭāfa) to dribble,
trickle
‫ ﻧﻄﻔﺔ‬nuṭfa pl. ‫ ﻧﻄﻒ‬nuṭaf drop; sperm
‫ ﻧﻄـﻖ‬naṭaqa u (nuṭq, ‫ ﻧﻄـﻮق‬nuṭūq, ‫ ﻣﻨﻄـﻖ‬manṭiq) to articulate; to talk, speak,
utter (‫ ب‬s.th.); to pronounce (‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫ﺑﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻧﻄـﻖ‬bi-kalima) to lay a word
II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) speak or pronounce; to gird, girdle (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make (‫ﻫـ‬
s.o.) speak or talk V to gird o.s.; to be surrounded X to question (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.); to
interrogate, examine, cross-examine (‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻄــﻖ‬nuṭq articulated speech; pronunciation; word, saying, utterance;
Confidential
order, ordinances decree | ‫ب‬
Majesty that ...;
‫ ﺻﺪر اﻟﻨﻄﻖ اﻟﺴﺎﻣﻲ‬it was decreed by order of His
‫( ﻧﻄـﻖ ﳊﻜـﻢ‬ḥukm) pronouncement of sentence; ‫ﻓﺎﻗـﺪ اﻟﻨﻄـﻖ‬
dumfounded, speechless
‫ ﻧﻄﻘﻲ‬nuṭqī phonetic(al)
‫ﻧﻄـﺎ‬r niṭāq pl. ‫ ﻧﻄـﻖ‬nuṭuq girths girdle, belt; O garrison belt; circle, ring,
enclosure; limit, boundary; range, extent, scope, compass, sphere, domain,
purview; cordon | ‫اﳉـﻮزاء‬ ‫ ﻧﻄـﺎق‬n. al-jauzā’ Orion’s Belt (astron.); ‫ﻧﻄـﺎق اﳊﺼـﺎر‬
blockade ring; ‫ واﺳـﻊ اﻟﻨﻄـﺎق‬comprehensive; extensive, far-reaching; large-
scale
‫ ﻣﻨﻄــﻖ‬manṭiq (faculty of) speech; manner of speaking, diction,
enunciation; eloquence; logic | ‫ان‬ ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻣـﻦ اﳌﻨﻄـﻖ‬it is illogical to …; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳌﻨﻄـﻖ‬
‘ilm al-m. logic
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻲ‬manṭiqī logical; dialectic(al); -- (pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘــﺔ‬manāṭiqa) logician;
dialectician
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ‬minṭaq pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬manāṭiq2 belt, girdle
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ‬minṭaqa pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ‬manāṭiq 2 belt, girdle; zone; vicinity, range,
sphere, district, area, territory; O (mil.) sector | O ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻻﺣـﺘﻼل‬occupied
1579
territory;‫( اﳌﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﳊـﺎرة‬ḥārra) the Torrid Zones the tropics; O ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻟﺒـﱰول‬oil
area, oil fields; ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻟـﱪوج‬the zodiac (astron.); ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﳉـﻮزاء‬m. al-jauzā’
Orion’s Belt (astron.); O ‫( ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺣـﺮام‬ḥarām) or ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﳑﻨﻮﻋـﺔ‬prohibited area;
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﳊﺮب‬m. al-ḥarb war zone; O ‫( ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣـﺮة‬ḥurra) free zone; O ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺻـﻤﺎء‬
(ṣammā’) dead zone (of radio waves); ‫( ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ṣinā’īya) industrial area;
O ‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ اﻟﻀـﺮب‬m. aḍ-ḍarb field of fire; O ‫( ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﻛﺮوﻳـﺔ‬kurawīya) spherical
zone; ‫( اﳌﻨﻄﻘﺘﺎن اﳌﻌﺘﺪﻟﺘﺎن‬mu’tadilatān) the two Temperate Zones; O ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﳎﺮدة‬
‫ﻣــﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴ ـﺰات اﳊﺮﺑﻴــﺔ‬ (mujarrada, ḥarbīya) demilitarized zone; ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘــﺔ اﻟﻨﻔــﻮذ‬
sphere of influence
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬minṭaqī zonal
‫ ﻣﻨﻄﻴﻖ‬minṭīq very eloquent
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﻄﺎق‬istinṭāq examination, interrogation, hearing; questioning
‫ ﻃــﻖ‬nāṭiq talking, speaking; endowed with the faculty of speech;
eloquent; plain, distinct, clear; endowed with reason, reasonable, rational
‫ اﻟﻨـﺎﻃﻘﻮن ﻟﻀـﺎد‬the
Confidential
(being); speaker (also, e.g., in parliament); spokesman |
Arabic-speaking portion of mankind (lit.: those who pronounce the ḍād)
‫( ﺣﻴـﻮان ﻃـﻖ‬ḥayawān nāṭiq) rational being; ‫ دﻟﻴـﻞ ﻃـﻖ‬conclusive evidence;
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻃﻖ‬sound film; ‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺪة ﻃﻘﺔ‬newsreel
‫ ﻣﻨﻄـﻮق‬manṭūq pronounced, uttered, expressed; wording; text; statement;
formulation | ‫ ﳌﻨﻄــﻮق‬according to the text; expressly, explicitly,
unequivocally; ‫ ﻣﻨﻄـﻮق اﳊﻜـﻢ‬m. al-ḥukm dispositive portion of the judgment
(jur.); ‫ ﻣﻨﻄـﻮق اﻟﻌﻘـﺪ‬m. al-’aqd the exact terms of the contract; ‫ﻣﻨﻄـﻮق اﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮن‬
text of the law, legal text; ‫ﻣﻨﻄـﻮق اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬ m. al-kalima literal meaning of a
word
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﻄﻖ‬mustanṭiq examining magistrate
‫ ﻧﻄـﻞ‬naṭala u (naṭl) to squeeze out; to apply warm compresses (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to),
foment, bathe with warm water or medicated liquid (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻄـﻮل‬naṭūl warm compress; fomentation, lavation or hath in a medicated
liquid
‫ ﻧﻄﻨﻂ‬naṭnaṭa to hop up and down, skip
1580
‫ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬naẓara u (naẓar, ‫ ﻣﻨﻈـﺮ‬manẓar) to perceive with the eyes, see, view,

eye, regard (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o., s.th.), look, gaze, glance (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬at), watch,
observe, notice (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o., s.th.), pay attention (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to); to
expect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to envisages consider, contemplates purpose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.th.);
to have in mind, have in view (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), put one’s mind, direct one’s
attention (‫ اﱃ‬to s.th.); to take up, try, hear (‫ ﰲ‬a case; court), look into a case
(‫)ﰲ‬, examine (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬a case); to judge, rule, decide (‫ ﺑﲔ‬between two litigant
parties); to take care (‫ ل‬of s.o.), help (‫ ل‬s.o.), stand by s.o. (‫)ل‬, look after
s.o. (‫ﺷـﺰرا‬ ‫( ل( | ﻧﻈـﺮ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬šazran) to give s.o. a sidelong glances look askance
at s.o.; ‫( )ﻧﻈـﺮ اﻟﻘﻀـﻴﺔ )ﰲ اﻟﻘﻀـﻴﺔ‬qaḍīya) to try a case (jurs); ‫ﻧﻈـﺮ ﰲ ﻃﻠـﺐ ﻓـﻼن‬
(ṭalabī f.) to process s.o.’s application, take care of s.o.’s application; ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫( )ﻓﺮﺟـﺔ اﳌﻔﺘـﺎح )ﻓﻮﻫـﺔ اﳌﻔﺘـﺎح‬furjat l-miftāḥ, fūhati l-m.) to peep through the
keyhole; ‫ اﻧﻈـﺮ ﺑﻌـﺪﻩ‬unẓur ba’dahū see below! ‫( اﻧﻈـﺮ ﻇﻬـﺮﻩ‬ẓahrahū) see reverse!
Confidential
please turn over! II to make comparisons, draw parallels (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between) III to
equal (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), be equal (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to equalize, put on an
equal footing (‫ ه‬,‫ ب ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. with), equate, liken, compare (‫ ه‬,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th. to); to vie, compete, be in competition (s with s.o.), rival (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
argue, debate, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.), point out (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.) by way of
argument or objection, confront (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with); to superintend, supervise
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to grant (‫ ه‬s.o.) a delay or respite V to regard, watch or observe
attentively (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), look closely (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬at s.o., at s.th.), scrutinize ( ,‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ه‬s.o., s.th.); to bide one’s time, wait VI to face each other, lie opposite; to
he symmetrical (math.); to dispute, argue (with one another); to quarrel (‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
about), fight (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.th.); to contend (with each other) (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.th.),
contest each other’s right (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.th.) VIII to wait (‫ ه‬for s.o.), expect (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫـ‬
s.o., s.th.), await, anticipate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to look closely (‫ ه‬at s.o.); to look on
expectantly, bide one’s time,
1581
wait | ‫اﻧﺘﻈـﺮ اﻟﺸـﻲء اﻟﻜﺒـﲑ ﻣـﻦ‬ to expect much of …; ‫اﻧﺘﻈـﺮ ﻣـﻦ وراﺋـﻪ ﻛـﻞ ﺧـﲑ‬
(wara’ihi kulla kairin) to set the greatest expectations in s.th. X to wait,
await, expect; to have patience, be patient; to request a delay or respite; to
ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to wait, keep (‫ ه‬s.o.) waiting
‫ ﻧﻈﺮ‬naẓar pl. ‫ اﻧﻈﺎر‬anẓār seeing, eyesight, vision; look, glance, gaze; sight;
outlook, prospect; view; aspect; appearance, evidence; insight, discernment,
penetration; perception; contemplation; examination (‫ ﰲ‬of); inspection,
study, perusal; consideration, reflection; philosophical speculation; theory;
handling (‫ ﰲ‬of a matter); trial, hearing (‫ ﰲ‬of a case in court); supervision,
control, surveillance; competence, jurisdiction; attention, heed, regard,
notice, observance, respect, consideration, care | (‫ ل‬or) ‫ ﻧﻈﺮ‬in view of, with a
view to, in regard to, with respect to, in consideration of, on the basis of,
due to, because of, for; ‫ﻟﻨﻈـﺮ ل‬ do.; ‫( ﺑﺼـﺮف اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ ﻋـﻦ‬bi-ṣarfi n-n.) or ‫ﺑﻘﻄـﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ ﻋــﻦ‬ (bi-qaṭ‘i n-n.) regardless of, irrespective of; ‫ﲢــﺖ اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ‬ under
considerations being studied, being dealt with; ‫ دون اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ اﱃ‬irrespective of,
regardless of; ‫ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺮي‬in my eyes, in my opinion; ‫ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ ﰱ‬for the study of, for
Confidential
consideration, for further examination of, for handling …, for action on …;
O ‫اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ اﱃ اﳊﻴ ـﺎة‬ (ḥayāh) weltanschauung; ‫اﻋــﺎدة اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ‬
examination, reconsideration, resumption, retrial, revision; ‫اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬
i‘ādat an-n. re-
‫ اﻫـﻞ‬ahl an-
n. speculative thinkers; theoreticians, theorists; ‫ ﺑﻌﻴــﺪ اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ‬or ‫ﻃﻮﻳــﻞ اﻟﻨﻈــﺮ‬
farsighted; ‫ ﻗﺼـﺮ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬qiṣar an-n. shortsightedness; ‫ ﻗﺼـﲑ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬shortsighted;
‫( اﶈﻜﻤـﺔ ذات اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬maḥkama) the court of competent jurisdiction; ‫ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬

‫( ﻧﻈـﺮ‬mas’ala) an unsettled, open question, an unsolved problem; ‫ﻣـﻦ ﻟـﻪ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
(man) s.o. noteworthy, a distinguished man; the responsibles or authorized,
person; ‫ﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬ ‫ اﺧـﺬ‬to catch the eye; ‫( ادار ﻧﻈـﺮﻩ ﰲ‬adāra) to let one’s eyes roam
over …; ‫ ﺑــﻊ )راﺟــﻊ( ﻟﻨﻈــﺮ ل‬falling to the responsibility of, under the
jurisdiction of, subject to the authority of; ‫ﺳـﺎرق اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬ or ‫ﺳـﺎرﻗﻪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬ or
‫( اﺳـﱰق اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ اﻟﻴـﻪ‬naẓara) to glance furtively at s.o., give s.o. a surreptitious
look; ‫ ﰲ ﻫـﺬا اﻷﻣـﺮ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬this matter calls for careful study, will have to be
considered; ‫ ﻗﻄـﻊ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ ﻋـﻦ‬to take no account of, disregard s.th.; ‫ﻫـﻮ ﲢـﺖ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ ﻓﻼن‬he is under the protection of so-and-so, he is patronized by so-and-so
1582
‫ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬similar, like; equal | ‫ ﻋـﺪﱘ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬unparalleled, unequaled, matchless,

unique of his (its) kind
‫ ﻧﻈـﺮة‬naẓra pl. naẓarāt looks glance; sights view; viewings contemplation
(‫ اﱃ‬of s.th.); pl. ‫( ﻧﻈﺮات‬philosophical) reflections
‫ ﻧﻈﺮة‬naẓira delay, postponements deferment (of an obligation)
‫ ﻧﻈﺮي‬naẓarī optic(al); visual; theoretic(al); speculative
‫ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬naẓarīya theory; theorem; reflection, meditation, contemplation
‫ ﻧﻈـﲑ‬naẓīr pl. ‫ ﻧﻈـﺮاء‬nuẓarā’2, f. pl. ‫ ﻧﻈـﺎﺋﺮ‬naẓā’r2 similar, like, same, equal,
matching, corresponding, comparable; an equivalent; facings opposites
parallel; (with foll. genit.) in the manner of. in the same manner as, just like,
just as; transcript, copy | ‫ﻧﻈـﲑ‬ naẓīra (prep.) as a compensation for, in
consideration of, in return for, in exchange for, for, on, e.g., ‫ﻧﻈـﲑ دﻓـﻊ ﲬﺴـﲔ‬
‫( ﻣﻠﻴﻤـﺎ‬daf‘ k. malīman) on paying 50 millièmes; ‫ ﻧﻈـﺮاؤﻩ‬people of his kinds
people like him; ‫ ﻧﻈـﲑ اﻟﺴـﻤﺖ‬n. as-samt or ‫ اﻟﻨﻈـﲑ‬nadir (astr.); (‫ﻣﻘﻄـﻮع )ﻣﻨﻘﻄـﻊ‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻈـﲑ‬incomparable; ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ﻟـﻪ ﻧﻈـﲑ‬unparalleled, unequaled, matchless, unique
Confidential
of his (its) kind
‫ ﻧﻈﲑة‬naẓīra head, foremost rank | ‫( ﰲ ﻧﻈﲑة‬with foils genit.) at the head of
‫ ﻧﻈﺎر‬naẓẓār keen-eyed; (pl. ‫ ﻧﻈﺎرة‬naẓẓāra) spectator, onlooker
‫ ﻧﻈـﺎرة‬naẓẓāra pl. -āt field glass, binocular; telescope, spyglass; (pair of)
eyeglasses, spectacles (occasionally also pl. ‫ ﻧﻈـﺎرات‬with singular meaning: a
pair of eyeglasses); (pair of) goggles | ‫ﻧﻈـﺎرة ﻓﺮدﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈـﺎرة واﺣـﺪة‬
(fardīya) or
eyeglass, monocle; O ‫( ﻧﻈـﺎرة ﻣﻌﻈﻤـﺔ‬mu’aẓẓima) magnifying glass; ‫ﻧﻈـﺎرة اﳌﻴـﺪان‬
n. al-maidān field glass
‫ ﻧﻈﺎراﰐ‬naẓẓārātī optometrist; optician
‫ ﻧﻈـﺎرة‬niẓāra supervision, control, inspection, management, administration,
direction; ministry (now obsolete)
‫ ﻇﻮر‬nāẓūr field glass
‫ ﻣﻨﻈــﺮ‬manẓar pl. ‫ ﻣﻨــﺎﻇﺮ‬manāẓir2 sight; view, panorama; look(s),
appearance, aspect; prospect, outlook, perspective; an object soon or
viewed, photographic object; scene (of a play); spectacle; stage setting, set,
scenery; place commanding a sweeping view; lookout, watchtower | ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﺎم‬
(‘āmm) general view, panorama, landscape, scenery; O ‫ﻣﻨــﺎﻇﺮ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴــﺔ‬
1583
(kārijīya) shots on location (in motion-picture making); ‫( ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ṭabī‘īya)

scenic views, scenery, landscapes
‫ ﻣﻨﻈـﺮة‬manẓara pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﻇﺮ‬manāẓir2 place commanding a scenic view; view,
scenery, landscape, panorama; watchtower, observatory; guestroom,
reception room, drawing room, parlor
O ‫ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ‬minẓar (pair of) eyeglasses, spectacles; telescope, spyglass
‫ ﻣﻨﻈـﺎر‬minẓār pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﻇﲑ‬manāẓīr2 telescope, spyglass; magnifying glass;
mirror, speculum, -scope (e.g., laryngoscope) | ‫ﻣﻨﻈــﺎر ﻣﻌﻈــﻢ‬ (mu‘aẓẓim)
magnifying glass; ‫رﻗـﺐ ﲟﻨﻈـﺎر اﺳـﻮد‬ (aswada) to have a pessimistic outlook,
look on the dark side of everything
‫ﻣﻨـﺎ‬‫ ﻇــﺮة‬munāẓara emulation, rivalry, competition; quarrel, argument.
altercation, debate, dispute, discussion, controversy; supervision, control,
inspection
‫ ﺗﻨــﺎﻇﺮ‬tanāẓur difference of opinion, squabble, wrangle, altercation;
symmetry (math.)
‫ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬intiẓār waiting, wait; expectation | ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر‬unexpectedly
Confidential
‫ ﻇـﺮ‬nāẓir pl. ‫ ﻧﻈـﺎر‬nuẓẓār observer, viewer, spectator, onlooker; overseer,
supervisor; inspector; manager, director, superintendent, administrator,
principal, chief, (cabinet) minister (now obsolete) |
trustee of a wakf, administrator of a religious endowment
‫ﻇـﺮ اﻟﻮﻗـﻒ‬
‫ ﻇﺮة‬nāẓira administratress, directress, manageress, headmistress, matron

n. al-waqf
‫ ﻇـﺮة‬nāẓir and ‫ ﻇـﺮة‬nāẓira pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاﻇﺮ‬nawāẓir2 eye; look. glance | ‫ﺑـﲔ ﻇﺮﻳـﻪ‬
(nāẓiraihi) before his eyes
‫ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر‬manẓūr seen; visible; foreseen, anticipated, expected; supervised,
under supervision, controlled; envied, regarded with the evil eye; under
consideration (case), pending (complaint, lawsuit; ‫ اﻣـﺎم‬in a court) | ‫اﻟﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر‬
one under supervision, subordinate, underling, protégé, charge, ward, pupil;
‫ﻏـﲑ ﻣﻨﻈــﻮر‬ invisible; unforeseen, unexpected; ‫ادوات ﻣﻨﻈــﻮرة‬ (adawāt) visual
training aids; ‫دﻋــﻮى ﻣﻨﻈــﻮرة‬ (da‘wā) pending lawsuit; ‫اﻟﺸــﺨﺺ اﳌﻨﻈــﻮر ﰲ أﻣــﺮﻩ‬
(šakṣ) person whose case is under consideration
‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﻇﺮ‬munāẓir similar, like, equal; competitor, rival, adversary, opponent
(esp., in a discussion); interlocutor
‫ ﻧﻈـﻒ‬naẓufa u (‫ ﻧﻈـﻒ‬naẓufa) to be clean, cleanly, neat, tidy II to clean,
cleanse, polish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to clean o.s., become clean
1584
‫ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ‬naẓāfa cleanness, cleanliness, neatness, tidiness

‫ ﻧﻈﻴـﻒ‬naẓīf pl. ‫ ﻧﻈﻔـﺎء‬nuẓafā’2, ‫ ﻧﻈـﺎف‬niẓāf clean, neat, tidy; well-groomed,
well-tended
‫ اﻧﻈﻒ‬anẓaf2 cleaner, neater
‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ‬tanẓīf pl. -āt cleaning, cleansing | ‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻷﻇﻔﺎر‬manicure
‫ ﻧﻈﻠﻲ‬naẓlī (eg.) delicate, feminine
‫ ﻧﻈـﻢ‬naẓama i (naẓm, ‫ ﻧﻈـﺎم‬niẓām) and II to string (‫ ﻫ ـ‬pearls); to put in
order, to order (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to array, arrange, classify, file (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to adjust (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to set, regulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tune (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an instrument); to layout, get
ready, prepare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set right, rectify, correct (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to put together,
group, make up, assemble (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to organize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to compose (one’s words) metrically, poetize, versify, write poetry V and VI
to be strung; to be ordered, be in good order, be well-arranged, be well-
organized VIII do.; to be classified; to affiliate (‫ ﰲ‬with); to enter, join (‫ ﰲ‬an
organization, a corporation); to permeate, pervade (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to come
Confidential
over s.o. (‫)ه‬, seize, befall, overcome (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬s.o.’s limbs, s.o.’s body; of a
sentiment, tremor, shudder, etc.)
‫ ﻧﻈـﻢ‬naẓm order; arrangement; system; institution, organization; string of
pearls; verse, poetry
‫ ﻧﻈــﺎم‬niẓām pl. -āt, ‫ ﻧﻈــﻢ‬nuẓum, ‫ اﻧﻈﻤــﺔ‬anẓima proper arrangement,
regularity; conformity, congruity; methodical, organic structure;
organization; order; method; system; rule, statute, law; system of regulations
| ‫اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـﺬا‬along this line, in this manner; ‫ ﻧﻈـﺎم اﻷﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‬alien status; alien
act; ‫( ﻧﻈـﺎم اﻷﺣـﻮال اﻟﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ‬šakṣīya) personal statute (jur.); ‫( ﻧﻈـﺎم اﺳﺎﺳـﻲ‬asāsī)
(basic) constitutional law, statutes, constitution; ‫( ﻧﻈــﺎم اﻗﺘﺼــﺎدي‬iqtiṣādī)
economic system; ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﺎدﻳﺔ‬al-bādiya agricultural system; ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﺲ واﻹدارة‬
n. al-būlīs wa-l-idāra police and administrative system; ‫ ﻧﻈـﺎم ﺟـﻮازات اﻟﺴـﻔﺮ‬n.
jawāzāt as-safar passport system; ‫ ﻧﻈـﺎم اﳊﻴـﺎة‬n. al-ḥayāt (way of) life; ‫اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم‬
‫( اﻟﺮأﲰـﺎﱄ‬ra’smālī) the capitalistic economic system; ‫‘( اﻟﻨﻈـﺎم اﻟﻌـﺎم‬āmm) public

order; ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﺮور‬traffic laws
1585
‫ ﻧﻈـﺎﻣﻲ‬niẓāmī orderly, regular, normal; methodical, systematic; regular

(army)
‫ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ‬tanẓīm arrangement; readjustment, reorganization, reform; control,
regulation, adjustment; organization; tactics; road construction (Eg.) | ‫ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ‬
‫ اﳌﺮور‬traffic control; ‫ اﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬i‘ādat t-t. reorganization
‫ اﻧﺘﻈـﺎم‬intiẓām order, regularity; methodicalness, systematic arrangement |
‫ﻧﺘﻈـﺎم‬ regularly, accurately; ‫ﰲ اﻧﺘﻈـﺎم‬ regular, fixed, ordered, methodical,
systematic, orderly, normal
‫ ﻇـﻢ‬nāẓim arranger; organizer, adjuster; regulator; versifier, poet; (pl.
‫ ﻧﻮاﻇﻢ‬nawāẓim2) weir, barrage (Ir.)
‫ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮم‬manẓūm ordered, orderly, tidy; metrical, poetical; poem; pl. -āt
poetries, poetical works
‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬manẓūma treatise in verse, didactic poem; row, rank
‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬munaẓẓim arranger, organizer; promoter, sponsor
‫ ﻣـﻨﻈﻢ‬munaẓẓam arranged, ordered, kept in order, orderly, tidy; neat,
Confidential
welltended, well-kept; systematically arranged, systematized; regular |
‫( ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬jaiš) regular army; ‫ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬irregular

‫ﺟﻴﺶ‬
‫ ﻣـﻨﻈﻢ‬munaẓẓama pl. -āt organization | ‫( ﻣﻨﻈﻤـﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳـﺔ واﻟﺰراﻋـﺔ‬m. at-tagdīya)

Food and Agriculture organization, F. A.O.
‫ ﻣﻨــﺘﻈﻢ‬muntaẓim regular; even, uniform, steady, orderly; methodical;
systematic | O ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻮﺟﺎت‬maujāt) uniform waves (radio)
‫ ﻧﻌـﺐ‬na‘aba a i (na‘b, ‫ ﻧﻌﻴـﺐ‬na‘īb) to croak, caw (raven); -- a (na‘b) to
speed along
‫ ﻧﻌﺎب‬nu‘āb croak(ing), caw (of a raven)
‫ ﻧﻌﺎب‬na‘‘āb croaking, cawing; ominous, ill-boding
‫ ﻧﻌـﺖ‬na’ata a (na’t) to describe, characterize (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.), qualify (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻌـﺖ‬naft description, qualification, characterization; -- (pl. ‫ ﻧﻌـﻮت‬nu’ūt)
quality, property, attribute, characteristic; descriptive, qualifying word,
qualifier; attribute (gram.); epithet
‫ ﻧﻌﱵ‬na‘tī descriptive, qualifying, qualificative
‫ ﻣﻨﻌﻮت‬man‘ūt substantive accompanied by as attribute
1586
‫ ﻧﻌﺠﺔ‬na‘ja pl. na‘ajāt, ‫ ﻧﻌﺎج‬ni‘āj female sheep, ewe

‫ ﻧﻌﺮ‬na‘ara a i (‫ ﻧﻌﲑ‬na‘īr, ‫ ﻧﻌﺎر‬ni‘ār) to grunt; to cry, scream, roar, bellow; to
spurt, gush forth (blood from a wound)
‫ ﻧﻌﺮة‬na‘ra Daile, din, clamor, roar
‫ ﻧﻌﺮة‬nu‘ara pl. -āt, ‫ ﻧﻌﺮ‬nu‘ar horsefly, gadfly
‫ ﻧﻌــﺮة‬na‘ara, nu‘ara pl. -āt haughtiness, arrogance, pride | ‫ﻧﻌــﺮة اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴــﺔ‬
(iqlīmīya) jingoism, chauvinism
‫ ﻧﻌـﺎر‬na‘‘ār noisy, uproarious, vociferous, clamoring, shouting; agitator,
rabble rouser
‫ ﻧﻌـﲑ‬na‘īr noise, din, clamor, shouting; bellowing, mooing, lowing (esp.,
of cattle)
‫ ﻧﻌﺎرة‬na‘āra, na‘‘āra earthen jug (sometimes with two handles), pot
‫ ﻋﻮر‬nā‘ūr O hemophilia
‫ ﻋﻮرة‬nā‘ūra pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﻋﺮ‬nawā‘ir2 noria, Persian wheel
‫ ﻧﻌـﺲ‬na‘asa a u (na‘s) to be sleepy, drowsy; to take a nap, to doze,
slumber; to be dull, listless, slack, stagnant (market, trade) II and IV to make
Confidential
sleepy, put to sleep (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to pretend to be sleepy or asleep; to doze, be
sleepy, feel drowsy
‫ ﻧﻌﺴﺔ‬na‘sa doze, nap, slumber
‫ ﻧﻌﺎس‬nu‘ās sleepiness, drowsiness; lethargy
‫ ﻧﻌﺴﺎن‬na‘sān2 sleepy, drowsy
‫ ﻋﺲ‬nā‘is pl. ‫ ﻧﻌﺲ‬nu‘s sleepy, drowsy; dozing, slumbering
‫ ﻧﻌـﺶ‬na‘aša a (na‘š), II and IV to raise, lift up; to revive, reanimate; to
refresh, invigorate, animate, arouse, stimulate, enliven, inspirit (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII
to rise from a fall; to recover, recuperate from illness; to be animated, be
refreshed, be stimulated, be invigorated, be strengthened, revive, come to
new life
‫ ﻧﻌـﺶ‬n‘š bier | ‫ ﺑﻨـﺎت ﻧﻌـﺶ اﻟﺼـﻐﺮى‬banāt n. a-ṣugrā Ursa Minor (astron.);
‫ ﺑﻨﺎت ﻧﻌﺶ اﻟﻜﱪى‬b. n. al-kubrā Ursa Major (astron.)
‫ ﻧﻌﺸﺔ‬na‘ša: ‫ ﻧﻌﺸﺔ اﳌﻮت‬n. al-maut euphoria; swan song, death song
‫ اﻧﻌــﺎش‬in‘āš animation, reanimation, resuscitation, restoration to life;
refreshment; reconstruction, restoration | O ‫اﻧﻌــﺎش اﻗﺘﺼــﺎدي‬ (iqtiṣādī)
economic boost
1587
‫ اﻧﺘﻌـﺎش‬inti‘āš resurgence, revival; animation, invigoration, stimulation,

refreshment, recreation
‫ ﻣﻨﻌﺶ‬mun‘iš animating, refreshing, invigorating, restorative
‫ ﻧﻌﻆ‬na‘aẓa a (na‘ẓ, na‘aẓ, ‫ ﻧﻌﻮظ‬nu‘ūẓ) to be erect (penis) IV to be sexually
excited
‫ ﻋﻮظ‬nā‘ūẓ exciting sexual desire, sexually stimulating, aphrodisiac
‫ ﻧﻌـﻖ‬na‘aq a i (na‘q, ‫ ﻧﻌﻴـﻖ‬na‘īq) to croak, caw (raven); to bleat (sheep); to
cry, scream, screech
‫ ﻋﻖ‬nā‘iq: ‫ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻖ و ﻋﺮ‬that is alive and astir, everybody and his brother,
every Tom, Dick and Harry
‫ ﻧﻌﻞ‬na‘ala a (na‘l), II and IV to furnish with shoes (‫ ه‬s.o.), shoe (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬
a horse); -- na‘ila a (na‘al) to be shod V = na‘ila VIII to wear sandals; to
wear shoes, be shod
‫ ﻧﻌﻞ‬na‘l pl. ‫ ﻧﻌﺎل‬ni‘āl, ‫ اﻧﻌﻞ‬an‘ul sandal; shoe; horseshoe
‫ ﻋﻞ‬nā‘il shod; soled
‫ ﻧﻌﻢ‬na‘ama u a and na‘ima a (‫ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ‬na‘ma, ‫ ﻣـﻨﻌﻢ‬man‘am) to live in comfort,
Confidential
and luxury, lead a life of ease, lead a comfortable and carefree life; to be
delighted (‫ ب‬by), be happy, be glad (‫ ب‬about, at), be pleased (‫ ب‬with),
delight, take pleasure (‫ ب‬in); to enjoy, savor, taste, experience (‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫ﻻب‬ (na‘ima bālan) to feel serene and confident about ...; -- na‘ima a
(na‘am) to be green and tender (twig); to be or become fine, powdery; --
na‘uma u (‫ ﻧﻌﻮﻣـﺔ‬nu‘ūma) to be soft, tender, smooth II to smooth, soften (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to pulverize, powder (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to accustom to luxury (‫ ه‬s.o.); to

pamper, coddle, effeminate, provide with a life of ease (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to make
good, nice, comfortable, pleasant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.); to give (‫ ب ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. s.th.),
bestow, confer (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ب‬upon s.o. s.th.); to bestow favors (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.), be
graciously disposed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward s.o.); to apply o.s., devote o.s. (‫ ﰲ‬to s.th.),
take great pains (‫ ﰲ‬with s.th.) | ‫( اﻧﻌﻢ ﷲ ﺻﺒﺎﺣﻚ‬ṣabāḥaka) good morning! ‫اﻧﻌﻢ‬
‫( اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ ﰲ‬naẓara) to look closely at, scrutinize s.th., regard s.th. attentively,
pore over s.th., become engrossed in, ponder s.th. V to live in luxury, lead a
life of ease and comfort; to enjoy (‫ ب‬s.th.)
1588
‫ ﻧﻌﻢ‬ni‘ma with foll. indeclinable noun with article and nominative ending:
what a perfect ..., wonderful ...! truly, an excellent ... | ‫زﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﻧﻌﻢ اﻟﺮﺟﻞ‬n. r-rajulu
zaidun what an excellent man Zaid is! ‫ ﻧﻌــﻢ اﻟﺸــﺒﺎب ﺷــﺒﺎ ﻢ‬n. š-šabābu
šabābuhum what a wonderful youth they have! ‫ اﻧـﻪ ﻧﻌـﻢ اﳋﻠﻴـﻞ‬innahū n. al-
kalīlu he is a wonderful friend indeed! ‫ ﻓﺒﻬـﺎ وﻧﻌﻤـﺖ‬fa-bihā wa-ni‘mat in that
case it’s all right; ‫ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‬ ‫( ﻧﻌﻢ ﻣﺎ‬fa‘alta) well done!
‫ ﻧﻌــﻢ‬na‘am yes! yes indeed! certainly! surely! (introducing a verbal
clause:) to be sure ... ; na’am’ (colloq.) I beg your pardon? what did you
say?
‫ ﻧﻌﻢ‬na‘am pl. ‫ اﻧﻌﺎم‬an‘ām grazing livestock (sheep, camels, cattle, goats)
‫ ﻧﻌﻤــﺔ‬na’ma life of ease, good living; amenity, comfort; prosperity;
happiness; enjoyment, pleasure, delight
‫ ﻧﻌﻤــﺔ‬ni‘ma pl. ‫ ﻧﻌــﻢ‬ni‘am, ‫ اﻧﻌـﻢ‬an‘um, ‫ ﻧﻌﻤــﺎت‬ni‘māt, ni‘imāt benefit,
blessing, boon, benefaction, favor, grace, kindness | ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ ﺑﻨﻌﻤـﺔ‬by the grace of
God; ‫ واﺳﻊ اﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ‬very well off, wealthy, rich; ‫ اﻟﻨﻌﻢ اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬the Three Graces; ‫وﱄ‬
Confidential
‫ )ﻧﻌﻤﺘﻪ )ﻧﻌﻤﻪ‬walīy ni‘matihī (ni‘amihī) his benefactor
‫ ﻧﻌﻤﻰ‬nu‘mā happiness
‫ ﻧﻌﻤـﺎء‬na‘mā’ favor, good will, grace | ‫( ﰲ اﻟﻨﻌﻤـﺎء واﻟﺒﺄﺳـﺎء‬wa-l-ba’sā’) in
good and bad days
‫ ﻧﻌﻤﺎن‬nu‘mān blood |‫ ﺷﻘﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎن‬anemone (bot.)
‫ ﻧﻌﺎم‬na‘ām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻧﻌﺎﺋﻢ‬na‘ā’im2 ostrich (zool.)
‫ ﻧﻌـﻴﻢ‬na‘īm amenity, comfort, ease, happiness, felicity; gentle, tranquil,
peaceful | ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ‬the grace of God, the blessings of God
‫ اﻟﻨﻌﺎﺋﻢ‬an-na‘ā’im name of several stars in Sagitta (astron.)
‫ ﻧﻌﻮﻣـﺔ‬nu‘ūma softness, smoothness, tenderness, delicacy, fineness, finely
ground state, powdery consistency | ‫ﻣـﻦ )ﻣﻨـﺬ( ﻧﻌﻮﻣـﺔ اﻇﻔـﺎرﻩ‬ from his earliest
youth, since his tender age
‫ اﻧﻌﻢ‬an‘am2 sorter
‫ ﻣﻨﻌﺎم‬min‘ām munificent benefactor
‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﻋﻢ‬manā‘im2 favors, blessings, boons; amenities, comforts, pleasures,
delights
1589
‫ ﺗﻨﻌﻴﻢ‬tan‘īm pampering, coddling, effemination

‫ اﻧﻌـﺎم‬in‘ām act of kindness, favor, benefaction; gift, donation, grant,
distinction, bestowal, award | ‫اﻧﻌـﺎم اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬ i. an-naẓar careful examination,
serious consideration
‫ ﻋـﻢ‬nā‘im soft; smooth; tender; fine, powdery | ‫ ﻋـﻢ اﻟﻈﻔـﺮ‬n. aẓ-ẓufr
young, youthful, tender; ‫ﻋﻢ‬ ‫( ﺳﻜﺮ‬sukkar) powdered sugar
‫ ﻣﻨﻌﻢ‬mun‘im donor, benefactor
‫ ﻧﻌﻨﻊ‬na‘na‘ and ‫ ﻧﻌﻨﺎع‬na‘nā‘ mint (bot.); peppermint
‫ ﻧﻌﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬na‘nā‘ī peppermint (adj.)
‫ ﻧﻌـﻰ‬na‘ā a (na‘y, na‘īy, ‫ ﻧﻌﻴـﺎن‬na‘yān) to announce the death (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.o., ‫اﱃ‬
to s.o.);
to hold s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬against s.o. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, reproach, blame (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. for); --
na‘ā i to lament, wail; to deplore (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻌﻲ‬naīy one who announces s.o.’s death; blame, reproach
‫ ﻧﻌﻴﺔ‬na‘ya pl. na‘ayāt news of s.o.’s death, death notice
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﻌﻰ‬man‘an and ‫ ﻣﻨﻌﺎة‬man‘āh pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎع‬manā‘in news of s.o.’s death
‫ ﻧﻐﺒﺔ‬nagba, nugba swallow, gulp, draught
‫ ﻧﻐﺒﺸﺔ‬nagbaša noise
‫ ﻧﻐﺰ‬nagaza a (nagz) to tickle (‫ ه‬s.o.); to prick (‫ ه‬s.o., with a needle, or the
like); to sow dissension, stir up enmity (‫ ﺑﲔ‬between)
‫ ﻧﻐـﺶ‬nagaša a (nagš, ‫ ﻧﻐﺸـﺎن‬nagašān) to be agitated, be shaken III to play
(‫ ه‬with s.o.), tease (‫ ه‬s.o.), dally, flirt (‫ ه‬with s.o.) V = I
‫ ﻧﻐﺸﺔ‬nagša pl. nagašāt motion; shaking
‫ ﻧﻐﺎش‬nugāš and ‫ ﻧﻐﺎﺷﻲ‬nugāšī very small; midget, dwarf
‫ ﻧﻐﺎﺷﺔ‬nagāša banter, raillery, teasing, playfulness; elegance
‫ ﻧﻐـﺺ‬II and IV to disturb, ruffle, spoil (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.’s ‫ ﻫ ـ‬pleasure, joy, life, or
the like), make loathsome (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.) V to be disturbed, be ruffled,
be spoiled, become loathsome
‫ ﻣﻨﻐﺺ‬munaggiṣ exciting
1590
‫ ﻧﻐﻞ‬nagila a (nagal) to fester, suppurate (wound) | ‫( ﻧﻐﻞ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬qalbuhū) to

harbor resentment against, hold a grudge against
‫ ﻧﻐﻞ‬nagl, nagil illegitimate child; bastard
‫ ﻧﻐﻴﻞ‬nagīl illegitimate child; bastard
‫ ﻧﻐﻮﻟﺔ‬nugūla illegitimacy, bastardy
‫ ﻧﻐـﻢ‬nagama u i and nagima a (nagm, nagam) to hum a tune; to ling II and
V do.
‫ ﻧﻐـﻢ‬nagm and nagam pl. ‫ اﻧﻐـﺎم‬angām tune, air, melody; voice, part (mus.,
of a contrapuntal composition); timbre, tone color; sound, tone
‫ ﻧﻐﻤـﺔ‬nagima, nagama pl. nagamāt tone; sound; musical note, tone (of the
gamut; mus.); inflection, intonation, melody; song, chant
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﻏﻢ‬tanāgum symphonia, concord (of sounds)
‫ ﻣﻨﻐﻮم‬mangūm melodious (voice)
‫ )ﻧﻐـﺎ )ﻧﻐـﻮ‬nagā u (nagw) and ‫ ﻧﻐـﻰ‬nagā i (nagy) to speak (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.) III to
whisper (‫ ه‬in s.o.’s ear); to talk gently, kindly, tenderly (‫ ه‬to s.o., esp., to a
child); to flatter, court (‫ ه‬s.o.); to twitter (bird); (eg.) to babble (child)
Confidential
‫ ﻧﻒ‬naffa i to blow one’s nose; to snuff’
‫ ﻧﻔﺔ‬naffa (tun.) pinch of snuff; snuff
‫ ﻧﻔﺎف‬naffāf snuffer
‫ ﻧﻔﺚ‬nafata u i (naft) to spit, spit out, expectorate, discharge, cough out (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to squirt out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬its venom; of a snake); to exhale, puff out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
smoke; of a smoker); to utter, voice (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to exude and inspire (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬with
s.th. s.o.), transfuse (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.th. into s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻔـﺚ‬naft expectoration; saliva, spittle | ‫ ﻧﻔـﺚ اﻟﺸـﻴﻄﺎن‬n. aš-šaiṭān erotic
poetry
‫ ﻧﻔﺜـﺔ‬nafta pl. nafatāt expectoration; saliva, spittle; pl. expectorated or
ejected matter, expectorations, discharge, outpourings, emissions, effusions;
invectives, accusations | ‫اﻷﻗﻼم‬ ‫ ﻧﻔﺜﺎت‬literary productions
‫ ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ‬nufāta saliva, spittle
‫ )ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ )ﻃﺎﺋﺮة‬naffāta jet plane
‫ ﻧﻔﺎﺛﻲ‬naffātī jet- (in compounds) | ‫ ﺗﺴﻴﲑ ﻧﻔﺎﺛﻲ‬jet propulsion
1591
‫ ﻧﻔﺎﺛـﺔ‬naffāta pl. -āt woman who spits on the knots (in exercising a form of
Arabian witchcraft in which women tie knots in a cord and spit upon them
with an imprecation; Kor. 113,4); sorceress
‫ ﻧﻔـﺞ‬nafaja u (nafj, ‫ ﻧﻔﺠـﺎن‬nafajān, ‫ ﻧﻔـﻮج‬nufūj) to spring up and take to
flight (game); to jump, leap, bound; to vaunt, brag, boast V to brag, boast
VIII = I
‫ ﻧﻔﺞ‬nafj bragging, boasting
‫ ﻧﻔﺎج‬nafāj braggart, show-off; snob
‫ ﻓﺠﺔ‬nllftia pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﻓﺞ‬nawāfij2 musk bag; container for musk
‫ ﻧﻔـﺢ‬nafaḥa a (nafḥ, ‫ ﻧﻔﺤـﺎن‬nafaḥān, ‫ ﻧﻔـﺎح‬nufāḥ) to spread, be diffused
(fragrance), exhale a pleasant smell, be fragrant; to blow (wind); to make
s.o. (‫ )ه‬a present of (‫)ب‬, present (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with); to treat (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. to s.th.)
III to protect, defend (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻔﺤـﺔ‬nafḥa pl. nafaḥāt breeze, gust; breath; diffusing odor; fragrance,
perfume scent; gift, present
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺤﺔ‬manfaḥa rennet
Confidential
‫ ﻧﻔـﺦ‬nafaka u (nafk) to blow, puff; to breathe; to blow up, inflate, fill with
air (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﰲ‬s.th.); O to pump up, fill (a tire); O to fill with gas (balloon); to
blow (‫ ﻫ ـ‬tunes, ‫ ﰲ‬on an instrument); to breathe s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬into s.o. (‫)ﰲ‬. inspire
(‫ﰲ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. with); to inflate, puff up, elate, flush with success, fill with pride
(‫ ه‬s.o.) | ‫( ﻧﻔـﺦ ﰲ اﻟﺒـﻮق‬būq) to blow the trumpet; ‫( ﻧﻔـﺦ ﰲ روﺣـﻪ‬rūḥihī) to
animate, inspirit s.o.; ‫( ﻧﻔـﺦ ﰲ ﺻـﻮرﺗﻪ‬ṣūratihī) to bring s.th. into being, give
birth to s.th.; ‫( ﻧﻔﺦ ﰲ زﻣﺎرة روﺣـﻪ‬zammārati rūḥihī) to rouse s.o.’s temper; ‫ﻧﻔـﺦ‬
‫اﻟﺸـﻤﻌﺔ‬ (šam‘a) to blowout a candle; ‫ﻧﻔـﺦ ﺷـﺪﻗﻴﻪ‬ (šidqaihi) to be puffed up,
become inflated VIII to be blown up, inflated, filled with air; to swell; to
puff up, become inflated | ‫اﻧــﺘﻔﺦ ﺳــﺤﺮﻩ‬ (saḥrahū) and ‫اﻧﺘﻔﺨــﺖ ﻣﺴــﺎﺣﺮﻩ‬
(masāḥiruhū) his lungs became inflated (out of fear or pride)
‫ ﻧﻔﺦ‬nafk blowing, blowing up, inflation, pumping up, filling with air
‫ ﻧﻔﺨــﺔ‬nafka (n. vic.) blow, puff; breath; gust; distention, inflation,
swelling; conceit, overweeningness, haughtiness | ‫)ﻧﻔﺨــﺔ ﻛﺬاﺑــﺔ )ﻛﺎذﺑــﺔ‬
(kaddāba) self-conceit, vainglory, bumptiousness
‫ ﻧﻔﺎخ‬naffāk flatulent
1592
‫ ﻧﻔﺎﻧﺦ‬nuffāk swelling
‫ ﻧﻔﺎﺧﺔ‬naffāka bladder; bubble
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺦ‬minfak pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺦ‬manāfik2 bellows
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺎخ‬minfāk pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻴﺦ‬manāfīk 2 bellows; air pump, tire pump; blowpipe
‫ ﺗﻨﻔﺦ‬tanaffuk inflatedness, inflation; bumptiousness, bumptious behavior
‫ اﻧﺘﻔـﺎخ‬intifāk process of being inflated; distention, inflation, swelling,
protuberance; flatulence, meteorism (med.) | ‫اﻟﺮﺋـﺔ‬ ‫ اﻧﺘﻔـﺎخ‬int. ar-ri’a pulmonic
emphysema
‫ ﻓـﺦ‬nāfik blowing; blower; flatulent | ‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻟـﺪار ﻓـﺦ ﺿـﺮﻣﺔ‬n. ḍarmatin)
there is not a soul in the house
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﻮخ‬manfūk blown up, puffed up, inflated; swollen; pumped up, inflated;
paunchy, obese, fat; conceited, self-conceited, overweening, snobbish
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﺦ‬muntafik blown up, puffed up, inflated; swollen
‫ ﻧﻔـﺪ‬nafida a (nafad, ‫ ﻧﻔـﺎد‬nafād) to be exhausted, depleted, used up; to run
out, come to an end, dwindle away; to be out of print | ‫ﻧﻔـﺪ ﻟﺪﻳـﻪ ﻣﻌـﲔ اﻟﺼـﱪ‬
Confidential
(ma‘īn aṣ-ṣabr) to be at the end of one’s patience IV and X to use up,
consume, spend, exhaust, drain, deplete (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to taste thoroughly, enjoy
to the full (‫ﻫـ‬

s.th.) | ‫اﺳـﺘﻨﻔﺪ ﻛـﻞ وﺳـﻊ‬ (kulla wus‘in) to exhaust, or avail o.s. of, every
possibility
‫ ﻧﻔﺪة‬nafda pl. nafadāt entry (in an account book), booked item
‫ ﻧﻔـﺎد‬nafād exhaustion, consumption, depletion (of stores), dwindling,
wastage, waste
‫ اﻟﻨﻔﻮد‬an-nafūd Nafud (desert in N Nejd)
‫ ﻓﺪ‬nāfid: ‫ ﻓﺪ اﻟﺼﱪ‬n. aṣ-ṣabr impatient
‫ ﻓﺪة‬nāfida void, vacuum
‫ ﻧﻔـﺬ‬nafada u (‫ ﻧﻔـﺎذ‬nafād, ‫ ﻧﻔـﻮذ‬nufūd) to pierce, bore (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬through
s.th.), penetrate (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), go or pass (‫ ب‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬through s.th.); to penetrate
(‫ اﱃ‬into), get through, pass through (‫ اﱃ‬to); O (mil.) to break through, fight
one’s way through the enemy (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ;)ﰲ‬to get (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), arrive (‫ اﱃ‬at s.o.’s
place), reach (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to lead (‫ اﱃ‬to), give, open (‫ اﱃ‬on; of a door or
1593
window); to communicate, be connected (‫ اﱃ‬with; of a building, lot,

premises), join; to be carried out, be executed, be legally valid, be effective,
be operative, be enforceable, be executable, be executory; to do well or
skillfully (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.) II and IV to cause (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to pierce or penetrate; to carry
out, execute, accomplish, effect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also, an idea), do, perform, fulfill,
discharge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a duty); to realize, implement, carry into effect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a plan, a
project, ideas); to enforce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a resolution); to carry through (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a program);
to execute, carry out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a sentence; ‫ﰲ‬ against s.o.); to transmit, convey,
send, dispatch, forward (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to s.o.) V to be executed, be carried out
‫ ﻧﻔـﺬ‬nafad pl. ‫ اﻧﻔـﺎذ‬anfād opening, aperture, orifice, hole, vent, outlet,
escape, way out
‫ ﻧﻔ ــﺎذ‬nafād penetration, permeation; implementation, realization,
effectuation; effectiveness; execution | ‫ﻧﻔــﺎذ اﻟﺒﺼــﲑة‬ perspicacity, acute
discernment, penetration
‫ ﻧﻔﺎذ‬nafād piercing, penetrating; effective, effectual; permeable, pervious
Confidential
‫ ﻧﻔــﻮذ‬nufūd penetration, permeation; effectiveness, effect, action;
influence, prestige, authority | ‫( ﻧﻔـﻮذ ﻣﻄﻠـﻖ‬muṭlaq) full powers, free hand,
unlimited authority; ‫ ذو ﻧﻔﻮذ‬influential; ‫ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻨﻔﻮذ‬sphere of influence
‫ ﻣﻨﻔـﺬ‬manfad, manfid pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻓـﺬ‬manāfid2 opening in a wall, air hole,
window; passage, passageway, exit; outlet; way out, escape; entrance,
access; gateway, gate; loophole, dodge; O electrode (el.) | O ‫اﳌﻴـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﻔـﺬ‬m. al-
miyāh flood gate, lock gate, sluice gate; ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮي‬ ‫( اﳌﻨﻔﺬ‬baḥrī) access to the sea
‫ ﺗﻨﻔﻴــﺬ‬tanfīd carrying out, implementation, effectuation. realization;
discharge, accomplishment, fulfillment, performance, execution; distraint,
legal execution (jur.) | ‫( دﺧـﻞ ﰲ ﻃـﻮر )دور( اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬ṭauri, dauri t-t.) to become
effective, come into force; ‫‘ ﻋـﻮن اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬aun at-t. minor executory officer,
bailiff (tun.); ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ ﻗﺴﻢ‬qism at-t. executive division (of a court); ‫اﺣﻜـﺎم ﻗﺎﺑﻠـﺔ‬
‫ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬executory decisions, precepts, executions, writs of fieri facias (jur.)
‫ ﺗﻨﻔﻴــﺬي‬tanfīdī executory, executive | ‫( ﳉﻨــﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳــﺔ‬tanfīdīya) executive
committee
1594
‫ اﻧﻔﺎذ‬infād sending, dispatch, conveyance, delivery, transmission; carrying

out, execution, discharge, performance
‫ ﻓـﺬ‬nāfid piercing, penetrating; effective, operative, effectual; legally
valid | ‫ﻓـﺬا‬ ‫( اﺻـﺒﺢ‬aṣbaḥa) to become operative, become effective, come into
force (law); ‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫( اﳊﻜـﻢ ﻓـﺬ‬ḥukmu) the sentence will be carried out, has legal
force; ‫ ﻓــﺬ اﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺔ‬n. al-kalima influential, powerful; ‫ ﻓــﺬ اﳌﻔﻌــﻮل‬valid,
effective, in force; ‫( اﻣﺮ ﻓﺬ‬amr) strict order
‫ ﻓـﺬة‬nāfida pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﻓـﺬ‬nawāfid2 opening in a wall, air hole; window; O
wicket | O ‫اﻹﻃﻼق‬ ‫ﻓﺬة‬ n. al-iṭlāq loophole, embrasure
‫ ﻣﻨﻔـﺬ‬munaffid executant, executer, executioner | ‫ ﻣﻨﻔـﺬ اﻟﻮﺻـﻴﺔ‬m. al-waṣīya
executor (jur.); ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺬ‬ ‫‘( ﻋﻮن‬aun) minor executory officer, bailiff (tun.)
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﻔﺬ‬mutanaffid influential
‫ ﻧﻔـﺮ‬nafara u i (‫ ﻧﻔـﻮر‬nufūr, ‫ ﻧﻔـﺎر‬nifār) to shy, bolt, stampede (animal); --
(nafar) to flee, run away; to have an aversion (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to), have a distaste (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
Confidential
for); to avoid, shun, eschew (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or
away, flee (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.), keep clear (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), turn
‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to hurry, rush, hasten (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to); -- i (‫ﻧﻔـﻮر‬
nufūr) to swell, bulge out, protrude, jut out, stick out II to startle, frighten,
scare away, chase away, drive away (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to fill (‫ ه‬s.o.) with an aversion
(‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to), arouse a distaste (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬in s.o. for), make loathsome (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬to s.o.
s.th.), alienate, estrange, deter (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. from), spoil s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬pleasure (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
in), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) dissatisfied (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬with) III to avoid (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), keep
away (‫ ه‬from s.o.), have an aversion (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to contradict (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be

incompatible (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with) VI to avoid each other; to conflict, clash; to disagree,
he incongruous, incompatible, mutually repellent X to he frightened away;
to call upon s.o. (‫ )ه‬to fight (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against), call out (‫ ه‬s.o.) to go to war (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
against)
‫ ﻧﻔــﺮ‬nafar pl. ‫ اﻧﻔــﺎر‬anfār band, party, group, troop; troops; person,
individual; (mil.) soldier, private; man (as a numerative)
‫ ﻧﻔﺮة‬nafra aversion, distaste, dislike, antipathy
‫ ﻧﻔـﻮر‬nufūr shying, flight; bolting, stampede (of an animal); aversion,
distaste, dislike, displeasure, alienation, estrangement
1595
‫ ﻧﻔـﻮر‬nufūr shy, easily frightened, scary, fearful, timid; reticent, diffident,

bashful, coy, reserved
‫ ﻧﻔﲑ‬nafīr pl. ‫ اﻧﻔﺎر‬anfār, ‫ اﻧﻔﺮة‬anfira band, party, group, troop; departure into
battle; trumpet | ‫ﻋـﺎم‬ ‫‘( ﻧﻔـﲑ‬āmm) general call to arms, levy en masse; general
alarm
‫ ﻓﻮرة‬nāfūra pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﻓﲑ‬nawāfīr2 fountain
‫ ﻧﻮﻓﺮة‬naufara pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﻓﺮ‬nawāfir2 fountain
‫ ﺗﻨﻔﲑ‬tanfīr estrangement, alienation, repulsion, deterrence
‫ ﺗﻨــﺎﻓﺮ‬tanāfur mutual aversion or repulsion, disagreement, disunion,
dissension, conflict, strife, incongruity, discord
‫ ﻓﺮ‬nāfir pl. ‫ ﻧﻔﺮ‬nafr, nuffar fleeing, fugitive, shy, fearful, timid; having an
aversion (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬to) or a distaste (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬for); swelling, protuberant, bulging,
protruding, projecting, jutting out; relief-like, in relief; three-dimensional, 3-
D (film)
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺮ‬munaffir, munfir repulsive, repellent
‫ ﻧﻔـﺲ‬nafusa u (nafas, ‫ ﻧﻔـﺎس‬nifās, ‫ ﻧﻔﺎﺳـﺔ‬nafāsa) to be precious, valuable,
Confidential
priceless; -- nafisa a (nafas) to be sparing, niggardly
(‫ ﻧﻔﺎﺳـﺔ‬nafāsa) to envy, begrudge (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ه‬

(‫ ب‬with s.th.); --
s.o. s.th.); -- nafisa a and pass.
nufisa (‫ ﻧﻔـﺎس‬nifās) to he in childbed II to cheer up, comfort, appease,

reassure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to relieve (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o., of s.th., esp., of sorrow, cares), dispel,
banish (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o.’s ‫ ﻫ ـ‬worries, anxieties); to air (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬one’s secret feelings), give
vent (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to one’s emotions), uncover, reveal, voice, get off one’s chest, get
out of one’s system, abreact (‫ ﻋﻦ‬one’s suppressed desires, frustrations, fears,

etc.); to desist (‫ ﻋﻦ‬from), cease (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬doing s.th.); pass. nuffisa to get lost (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
to s.o.); to let out air, leak; to be in childbed III to compete, vie (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with
s.o. in); to compete, fight, struggle (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for), seek. try to obtain, desire (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
s.th.), strive, be out (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for), aspire (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to) V to breathe, inhale and exhale;
to take breath, pause for breath. have a breather, have a break, take a rest |
‫( ﺗــﻨﻔﺲ اﳊﺴـﺮات اﳌﺆﳌــﺔ‬al-ḥasarāti l-mu’lima) to heave painful sighs; ‫ﺗــﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫( اﻟﺼـﻌﺪاء‬ṣu‘adā’a) to sigh deeply; to breathe a sigh of relief, breathe again;
‫( ﺗـﻨﻔﺲ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ اﻷﺧـﲑ‬nafasa) to be at one’s last gasp, be dying; ‫ﺗـﻨﻔﺲ ﻋـﻦ اﳊﻴـﺎة‬
1596
(ḥayāh) to breathe one’s last, die VI to rival, compete, vie, contend (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for,
‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻔـﺲ‬nafs f., pl. ‫ ﻧﻔـﻮس‬nufūs, ‫ اﻧﻔـﺲ‬anfus soul; psyche; spirit, mind; life;
animate being, living creature, human being, person, individual (in this
sense, masc.); essence, nature; inclination, liking, appetite, desire; personal
identity, self (used to paraphrase the reflexive pronoun; see examples
below) | ‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬he himself; personally, in person; ‫ ﳓﻦ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻮﺳﻨﺎ‬we ourselves; ‫ﰲ‬
‫( ﻧﻔـﺲ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬n. il-amr) in reality, actually, in fact; ‫ ﰲ ﻧﻔـﺲ اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ‬do.; ‫ﻋﻨـﺪ اﻧﻔﺴـﻬﻢ‬
in their own opinion; ‫ )ﺟـﺄءﱐ ﻫـﻮ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ )ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ‬he himself came to me, he came
personally to see me; ‫ ﺟﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ‬he came of his own accord; ‫ﻣﺎ وﻋﺪت ﺑﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﲏ وﺑﲔ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‬what I had promised myself; ‫ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬n. al-amr the essence of
the matter, the nature of the affair; ‫ ﻧﻔـﺲ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬the thing itself; the same
thing, the very thing; ‫ اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬and ‫( اﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬tiqa) self-confidence,
self-reliance; ‫اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬‫ ﺑﺸـﻖ‬bi-šiqqi n-n. or ‫( ﺑﺸـﻖ اﻷﻧﻔـﺲ‬following ‫ ﻻ‬... ‫ )ﻻ‬with

(the greatest) difficulty, barely; ‫ ﺻﻐﲑ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬base-minded, low-minded; ‫ﻋﻔﻴﻒ‬
Confidential
‫ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬unselfish, selfless, altruistic; ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬ilm an-n. psychology; ‫ﻛﺒـﲑ‬
‫ اﻟــﻨﻔﺲ‬high-minded, proud; ‫ ﳏﺒــﺔ اﻟــﻨﻔﺲ‬maḥabbat an-n. amour propre,
selfishness; ‫ ﺑـﺬل اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ واﻟﻨﻔـﻴﺲ‬to make every conceivable sacrifice, sacrifice
all, give up all one’s possessions
‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﻲ‬nafsī spiritual, mental, psychic(al); (pl. -ūn) psychologist | ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬psychoanalysis; ‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬state of mind, mood
‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﻴﺔ‬nafsīya mental life, inner life, psyche; frame of mind; mentality,
mental attitude, disposition; psychology
‫ ﻧﻔﺲ‬nafas pl. ‫ اﻧﻔﺎس‬anfās breath; whiff; puff (from a smoking pipe, from a
cigarette); swallow, gulp, draught; style of an author; freedom, liberty,
convenience, discretion | ‫اﻷﺧـﲑ‬ ‫ ﺣـﱴ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬to the last breath; ‫ ذو ﻧﻔـﺲ‬enough
to slake the thirst; refreshing (drink); ‫ ﺿـﻴﻖ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬ḍīq an-n. labored breathing,
asthma; ‫ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻣـﻮرﻩ‬he acts according to his own desires; ‫اﻧـﺖ ﰲ ﻧﻔـﺲ‬
‫( ﻣـﻦ اﻣـﺮك‬amrika) you can do as you please! ‫( اﻣﺴـﻚ ﻧﻔﺎﺳـﻪ‬anfāsahū) to hold
one’s breath; ‫اﻧﻔﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫( ﻓﺎﺿﺖ‬anfāsuhū) to give up the ghost
1597
‫ ﻧﻔﺴﺔ‬nufsa respite, delay

‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﺎء‬nafsā’2 pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاﻓﺲ‬nawāfis2 confined, in childbed; a woman in
childbed
‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﺎﱐ‬nafsānī psychic(al), mental | ‫( ﻃـﺐ ﻧﻔﺴـﺎﱐ‬ṭibb) psychiatry; ‫ﻃﺒﻴـﺐ‬
‫ ﻧﻔﺴﺎﱐ‬psychiatrist; ‫ ﻋﺎﱂ ﻧﻔﺴﺎﱐ‬psychologist
O ‫ ﻧﻔﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬nafsānīya psychology
‫ ﻧﻔـﺎس‬nifās parturition; delivery, childbirth, confinement, accouchement;
childbed, puerperium; see also below | ‫اﻟﻨﻔـﺎس‬ ‫ ﲪـﻰ‬ḥummā n-n. or ‫ﲪـﻰ ﻧﻔﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬
puerperal fever, childbed fever
‫ ﻧﻔﺎﺳﺔ‬naffāsa preciousness, costliness
‫ ﻧﻔﻴﺲ‬nafīs precious, costly, valuable, priceless
‫ ﻧﻔﻴﺴﺔ‬nafīsa pl.. ‫ ﻧﻔﺎﺋﺲ‬nafā’is2 gem, object of value, precious thing
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺲ‬manfas pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺲ‬manāfis2 breathing hole, air hole, valve
‫ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺲ‬tanfīs airing, ventilation
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴــﺔ‬munāfasa pl. -āt emulation; competition (also com.); rivalry;
Confidential
athletic event, contest, match
‫ ﻧﻔـﺎس‬nifās emulation; competition (also com.); rivalry; athletic event,
contest, match
‫ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬tanaffus respiration
‫ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬tanaffusī: ‫( ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬jahāz) respiratory system
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺲ‬tanāfus mutual competition, rivalry; fight, struggle (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for) | ‫ﺗﻨـﺎﻓﺲ‬
‫( ﺣﻴﻮي‬ḥayawī) struggle for existence
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺲ‬munāfis competitor; rival
‫ ﻣﺘـﻨﻔﺲ‬mutanaffas place to breathe freely; breathing space, free scope (for
s.th.), free atmosphere; relief, escape, way out
‫ ﻧﻔـﺶ‬nafaša u (nafš) to tease (‫ ﻫ ـ‬wool); to swell out, puff up; to swell,
become swollen; to ruffle its feathers (bird) II to comb or card (‫ ﻫ ـ‬cotton) V
to puff up, become inflated; to ruffle the feathers, bristle the hair VIII do.
‫ ﻧﻔﺶ‬nafaš wool
‫ ﻧﻔﺎش‬naffāš a variety of large lemon
‫ ﻣﻨﻔـﻮش‬manfūš puffed up, inflated; ruffled, bristling; disheveled (hair);
fluffy (hair, wool)
1598
‫ ﻧﻔـﺾ‬nafaḍa u (nafḍ) to shake (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), shake off (‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from), shake
out, dust, dust off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to knock the ashes from a cigarette (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to make
(‫ ه‬s.o.) shiver (fever); -- u (‫ ﻧﻔـﻮض‬nufūḍ) to recover, recuperate (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) |
‫( ﻧﻔﺾ ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻜﺴﻞ‬kasala) or ‫( ﻧﻔﺾ ﻏﺒﺎر ﻛﺴﻠﻪ‬gubāra kasalihī) to shake off one’s
laziness; ‫( ﻧﻔـﺾ ﻏﺒـﺎرﻩ‬gubārahū) lit.: to shake off its dust, i.e., to have reached
the end of, be finished with; ‫( ﻧﻔـﺾ ﻋﻨــﻪ اﳍـﻢ‬hamma) to shake off one’s
sorrows, shed one’s anxiety; ‫( ﻧﻔـﺾ ﰲ ﻟﻌـﺐ اﻷوراق‬la‘ibi l-aurāq) to gamble
away at cards; ‫اﻷﻣـﺮ‬ ‫( ﻧﻔﺾ ﻳـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻦ‬yadahū, amr) to chuck s.th., shake off s.th.,
rid o.s. of, refuse to have anything to do with; ‫ ﻧﻔـﺾ ﻳـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻦ ﻳـﺪ ﻓـﻼن‬to break
with s.o. dissociate o.s. from, go back on s.o. II to shake violently, shake
out, dust off (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV to use up completely, exhaust (‫ ﻫـ‬provisions, stores);
to be devoid of all means, be reduced to poverty, be impoverished, be
depleted; to shake off (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. from); to remove, dismiss (‫ ﻋـﻦ ه‬s.o. from)
VIII to be shaken off, be dusted off; to shake; to shudder, shiver, tremble
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬with) | ‫واﻗﻔﺎ‬ ‫( اﻧﺘﻔﺾ‬wāqifan) to jump up, jump to one’s feet
Confidential
‫ ﻧﻔﺾ‬nafaḍ that which is shaken off or falls off
‫ ﻧﻔﻀﻲ‬nafḍī: O ‫ ﻏﺎﺑﺔ ﻧﻔﻀﻴﺔ‬deciduous forest, leafy forest
‫ ﻧﻔﻀﺔ‬nafaḍa scouting party, reconnaissance patrol
‫ ﻧﻔﻀﺔ‬nufaḍa ague fit, feverish shiver
‫ ﻧﻔﺎض‬nufāḍ ague fit, feverish shiver
‫ ﻧﻔﺎﺿﺔ‬nufāḍa that which is shaken off or falls off
‫ ﻧﻔﻴﻀﺔ‬nafīḍa pl. ‫ ﻧﻔﺎﺋﺾ‬nafā’iḍ2 scouting party, reconnaissance patrol
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺾ‬minfaḍ sieve; winnow
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﻀـﺔ‬minfaḍa pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﻓﺾ‬manāfiḍ2 ashtray; feather duster; O vacuum
cleaner
‫ اﻧﺘﻔﺎض‬intifāḍ shaking, shiver, shudder, tremor
‫ اﻧﺘﻔﺎﺿﺔ‬intifāḍa (n. vic.) shiver, shudder, tremor
‫ ﻧﻔﻂ‬nafṭ naphtha, petroleum
‫ ﻧﻔﻄﻲ‬nafṭī of naphtha, soaked in naphtha; oil-, petroleum- (in compounds)
I ‫ﻧﻔﻄﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﺼﺒﺎح‬miṣbāḥ) oil lamp
1599
‫ ﻧﻔﻄﺔ‬nafṭa blister
‫ ﻧﻔﻄﺔ‬nufaṭa irritable, touchy, thin-skinned; hot-tempered
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﻂ‬munaffiṭ blistering, vesicatory
‫ ﻧﻔـﻊ‬nafa‘a a (naf‘) to be useful, beneficial, advantageous, be of use (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), avail, help (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be usable, to do, serve (‫ ل‬for) | ‫ﻳﻨﻔـﻊ‬ ‫ ﻻ‬of no use
II to utilize, turn to use, put to use (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to use (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make use (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of)
VIII to turn to advantage, turn to good account, put to use, utilize, use (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or
‫ ب‬s.th.), take advantage, avail o.s., make use (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬of); to profit, gain,
benefit (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬by s.th.); to enjoy (‫ ﻣﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.) X=II
‫ ﻧﻔﻊ‬naf‘ use, avail, benefit, advantage, profit, gain; good, welfare
‫ ﻧﻔﻊ‬naf‘ out for one’s own advantage, self-interested, selfish; profiteer
‫ ﻧﻔﺎع‬naffā‘ very useful, of good use
‫ ﻧﻔﻮع‬nafū‘ pl. ‫ ﻧﻔﻊ‬nufu‘ very us‫ﻧﻔﻊ‬eful, of good use
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﻌـﺔ‬manfa‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﻓﻊ‬manāfi‘2 use, avail, benefit; beneficial use, useful
Confidential
service; advantage, profit, gain; (Isl. Law) yield of a utilizable thing or of a
right, produce; interest; public establishment, public-service facility |
‫‘( )ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ )ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬āmma, ‘umūmīya) public-service facilities, specif., property
set aside, or available, for public use; ‫( ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ‬ṣiḥḥīya) sanitary facilities
‫ﻣﻨـﺎﻓﻊ‬
‫ اﻧﺘﻔـﺎع‬intifā‘ use, employment, utilization, exploitation, usufruct; benefit,

advantage, profit, gain
‫ ﻓﻊ‬nāfi’ useful, beneficial, advantageous, profitable, usable, serviceable;
wholesome, salutary
‫ ﻓﻌﺔ‬nāfi’a public works | ‫ وزﻳﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ‬minister of public works
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﻊ‬muntafi’ beneficiary, usufructuary
‫ ﻧﻔـﻖ‬nafaqa u (‫ ﻧﻔـﺎق‬nafāq) to sell well, find a ready market (merchandise);
to be brisk, active (market); -- nafaqa and nafiqa a (nafaq) to be used up, he
spent, run out (stores, provisions, money), be exhausted; -- nafaqa u (‫ﻧﻔـﻮق‬
nufūq) to die, perish (esp., of an animal) II to sell III to dissemble,
dissimulate, play the hypocrite | ‫ﺿـﻤﲑﻩ‬ ‫ﻓـﻖ‬ (ḍamīrahū) to act contrary to the
dictates of one’s conscience IV to spend, expend, layout, disburse (‫ه‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
money for); to use up, consume, spend, exhaust, waste, squander, dissipate
1600
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to spend, pass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬time); to provide (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o., esp., for s.o.’s
means of support), support (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.o.), bear the cost of s.o.’s (‫)ﻋﻠــﻰ‬
maintenance V ‫ﺗﻨﻔـﻖ ﺑﻜﺬﺑـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ (bi-kidbatin) to tell s.o. a fib X to spend,
waste (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬money for)
‫ ﻧﻔﻖ‬nafaq pl. ‫ ﻧﻔﺎق‬anfāq tunnel, underground passageway
‫ ﻧﻔﻘــﺔ‬nafaqa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻧﻔــﺎق‬nifāq expense; cost; outlay, expenditure,
disbursement; cost of living, maintenance, support; (Isl. Law) adequate
support, esp., of the wife; charitable gift, handout (to the poor) | ‫ﻧﻔﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at
s.o.’s expense; ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎت‬ ‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬inexpensive, cheap
‫ ﻧﻔﺎق‬nafāq brisk trade, good business; salability (of a commodity)
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﺎق‬minfāq squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift, profligate
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻘﺔ‬munāfaqa hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblance
‫ ﻧﻔﺎق‬nifāq hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblance
‫ اﻧﻔﺎق‬infāq spending, expenses, outlay, expenditure, disbursement
Confidential
‫ ﻓﻖ‬nāfiq selling well, easily marketable, in demand (commodity)
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻖ‬munāfiq hypocrite, dissembler
‫ ﻧﻔـﻞ‬V and VIII to do more than is required by duty or obligation, to
supererogate (specif., prayers, charity, or the like)
‫ ﻧﻔﻞ‬nafl supererogatory performance, specif., a work of supererogation
‫ ﻧﻔﻞ‬nafal pl. ‫ اﻧﻔﺎل‬anfāl, ‫ ﻧﻔﻮل‬nufūl, ‫ ﻧﻔﺎل‬nifāl booty, loot, spoil; present
‫ ﻧﻔﻞ‬nafal clover
‫ ﻓﻠــﺔ‬nāfila pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﻓــﻞ‬nawāfil2 supererogatory performance; work of
supererogation; gift, present; booty, loot, spoil | ‫ان‬ ‫( ﻣﻦ ﻓﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮل‬n. il-qaul) it
goes without saying that ...
‫ ﻧﻔﻨـﻒ‬nafnaf pl. ‫ ﻧﻔـﺎﻧﻒ‬nafānif2 air, atmosphere; steep hillside, precipitous
cliff
‫ ﻧﻔﻨﻮف‬nafnūf (ir.) a woman’s dress
‫ )ﻧﻔـﻮ‬and ‫ ﻧﻔـﺎ )ﻧﻔـﻲ‬nafā u (nafw) and ‫ ﻧﻔـﻰ‬nafā i (nafy) to expel, eject, oust,
ostracize, exclude (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬ s.o. from), remove, evict, banish, exile,
expatriate (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deport (‫ ه‬s.o.); to refute, disprove, rebut, controvert,
1601
repudiate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to deny (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to reject, dismiss, discard, disclaim,

disavow, decline, refuse, disallow (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to exclude, preclude (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
negate (gram.) III to hunt, chase, pursue, track down (‫ ه‬s.o.); to exclude,
preclude (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to contradict (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be contrary (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to be
incompatible, be inconsistent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with) VI to be mutually exclusive or
contradicting, cancel each other out, be incompatible VIII to be banished, be
exiled, be expelled; to be refuted, be disproved, be controverted, be
contradicted, be denied; to fall off, fall away, be dropped, be omitted, be
absent, be nonexistent X to reject as worthless, useless, unacceptable (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻔـﻲ‬nafy expulsion; banishment, exile, expatriation; ejection, ousting,
eviction, ostracism; deportation; denial, disclaimer, disavowal, repudiation,
disproof, refutation, rebuttal, refusal, rejection, disallowance, prohibition,
ban; negation
(gram.) | ‫ﺣـﺮف اﻟﻨﻔـﻲ‬ ḥarf an-n. particle of negation (gram.); ‫ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﻔـﻲ‬
witness for the defense (as opposed to ‫اﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬š. itbāt)
Confidential
‫ ﻧﻔﻴﻲ‬nafyī negative
‫ ﻧﻔﻲ‬nafīy denied; rejected, discarded
‫ ﻧﻔـﺎء‬nafā’, ‫ ﻧﻔـﺎة‬nafāh and ‫ ﻧﻔـﺎوة‬nafāwa s.th. discarded as worthless or
useless; dross, refuse, waste, scrap, offal, sweepings, garbage
‫ ﻧﻔﺎﻳــﺔ‬nufāya pl. -āt s.th. discarded as worthless or useless; remnant,
remains; discard, castoff; reject, throwout; dross, refuse, waste, scrap, offal,
sweepings, garbage; O ‫ت‬ ‫ ﻧﻔﺎ‬excretions (biol.)
‫ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬manfan pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎف‬manāfin place of exile; banishment, exile
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺎة‬munāfāh contradiction, incompatibility, inconsistency
‫ ﺗﻨﺎف‬tanāfin mutual incompatibility
‫ اﻧﺘﻔﺎء‬intifā’ absence, lack
‫ ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ‬manfīy turned down, denied, rejected, discarded; negated, negative;
banished, exiled, expatriated; deported
‫ ﻣﻨﺎف‬munāfin incompatible
‫ ﻧﻖ‬naqqa i (‫ ﻧﻘﻴﻖ‬naqīq) to croak (frog); to cackle, cluck (hen)
‫ ﻧﻘﺎق‬naqqāq surly person, gruff man, grumbler; griper, carper, faultfinder
‫ ﻧﻘﺎﻗﺔ‬naqqāqa frog
1602
‫ ﻧﻘﻴﻖ‬naqīq croaking, croak; cackling, cackle

1‫ ﻧﻘـﺐ‬naqaba u (naqb) to bore, pierce, perforate, breach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make a
hole or breach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in), punch or drill a hole (‫ ﻫ ـ‬through); to dig, dig up, dig
out, excavate, hollow out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to traverse (‫ ﰲ‬a country), pass, travel (‫ﰲ‬
through); to inquire, ask, look, search (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬for), examine thoroughly,
investigate, explore, search into, delve into; -- naqiba a (naqab) to be
perforated, be full of holes II to drill (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for, e.g., for oil); to examine
thoroughly, study, investigate (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), penetrate, delve, s8&roh (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬into),
look, s8&roh (‫ ﻋﻦ‬for); to travel (‫ ﰲ‬through) III to vie in virtues (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
V to examine, study, investigate (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), look, search (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for); to veil her

face (woman); to be perforated, he full of holes VIII to put on a veil, veil
one’s face
‫ ﻧﻘـﺐ‬naqb digging, excavation; piercing, perforation; -- (pl. ‫ اﻧﻘـﺎب‬anqāb,
‫ ﻧﻘﺎب‬niqāb) hole, opening, breach; boring, bore; tunnel
‫ ﻧﻘﺎب‬naqqāb punch
Confidential
‫ ﻧﻘـﺎب‬niqāb pl. ‫ ﻧﻘـﺐ‬nuqub, ‫ اﻧﻘﺒـﺔ‬anqiba veil | ‫ ﻛﺸـﻒ اﻟﻨﻘـﺎب ﻋـﻦ‬to uncover,
reveal, disclose s.th.
‫ ﻧﻘﺎﺑــﺔ‬niqāba pl. -āt cooperative society; union, association, guild;
corporation; syndicate; trade union, labor union | ‫ ﻧﻘﺎﺑـﺔ اﻟﻌﻤـﺎل‬n. al-‘ummāl
trade-union, labor union
‫ ﻧﻘﺎﰊ‬niqābī cooperative; syndicalistic; syndicalist; trade-unionist
‫ ﻧﻘﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬niqābīya syndicalism; trade-unionism
‫ ﻧﻘﻴـﺐ‬naqīb pl. ‫ ﻧﻘﺒـﺎء‬nuqabā’2 leader, head, headman; director, principal,
chief; chairman of a guild; president; syndic, corporation lawyer; (mil.)
captain (army), lieutenant (navy) (Eg. 1939 and U.A.R.); tongue of a
balance | ‫ﻧﻘﻴـﺐ اﻷﺷـﺮاف‬ head of the Alids, head of the descendants of the
Prophet
‫ ﻧﻘﻴﺒــﺔ‬naqība pl. ‫ ﻧﻘﺎﺋــﺐ‬naqā’ib2 soul, spirit, mind, intellect; natural
disposition, nature, temper, character
‫ ﻣﻨﻘـﺐ‬manqib, minqab and ‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺒـﺔ‬manqaba pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗـﺐ‬manāqib2 mountain
trail, defile, pass
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺐ‬minqab and ‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺔ‬minqaba punch, perforator, drill; lancet
1603
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺐ‬manāqib2 virtues, outstanding traits; glorious deeds, facts, exploits

‫ ﺗﻨﻘﻴــﺐ‬tanqīb pl. -āt drilling (esp., for oil); digging, excavation;
investigation, examination, inquiry, search, exploration, research
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺐ‬munaqqib investigator, researcher, scholar, explorer
2 ‫ اﻟﻨﻘﺐ‬an-naqab Negev (desert region in S Israel)
‫ ﻧﻘـﺢ‬naqaḥa a (naqḥ) to prune, lop (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a tree), trim, clip (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II do.; to
review, revile, read over carefully, correct (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a writing), improve, polish,
refine (the style) IV to check, go over, re-examine, revise, correct (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺢ‬tanqīḥ checking, (re-)examination; revision; correction
‫ ﻧﻘـﺪ‬naqada u (naqd) to pay in cash (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.); to peck (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at); to
examine critically (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to criticize (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. for) III to call to account
(‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to pay (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.) VIII to criticize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), find fault (‫ﻫ ـ‬
with), take exception (‫ ﻫـ‬to), disapprove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to show up the shortcomings
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.o.), criticize (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.); to receive payment in cash
Confidential
‫ ﻧﻘﺪ‬naqd criticism; -- (pl. ‫ ﻧﻘﻮد‬nuqūd) cash, ready money; pl. specie, coins,
change; ‫ ﻧﻘﺪا‬in cash; for cash, cash down | ‫ ﻟﻨﻘﺪ‬in cash; for cash, cash down;
‫ ورق اﻟﻨﻘﺪ‬waraq an-n. banknotes, paper money; ‫ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻮد‬change purse
‫ ﻧﻘـﺪي‬naqdī monetary, pecuniary; numismatic, of coin; cash (adj.) | ‫ﺗﻀـﺨﻢ‬
‫( ﻧﻘﺪي‬taḍakkum) inflation; ‫( ﺟﺰاء ﻧﻘﺪي‬jazā’) a monetary fine
‫ ﻧﻘﺪﻳﺔ‬naqdīya ready money, cash
‫ ﻧﻘﺎد‬naqqād critic; reviewer
‫ ﻧﻘﺎدة‬naqqāda captious critic, caviler, carper
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺪ‬manqad (eg.) brazier
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺎد‬minqād pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ‬manāqīd2 beak, bill (of a bird)
‫ اﻧﺘﻘـﺎد‬intiqād pl. -āt objection, exception; criticism, censure, reproof,
disapproval; review, critique
‫ ﻗﺪ‬nāqid pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻧﻘﺎد‬nuqqād, ‫ ﻧﻘﺪة‬naqada critic
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﺪ‬muntaqid critic
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﺪ‬muntaqad blameworthy, reprehensible, objectionable, exceptionable
1604
‫ ﻧﻘـﺬ‬naqada u (naqd) to deliver, save, rescue (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. from); -- naqida a

(naqad) to be saved, be rescued, save o.s., escape IV to deliver, save, rescue
(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.o. from); to salvage, recover (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) X = IV
‫ اﻧﻘـﺎذ‬inqād deliverance, salvation, saving, rescue; salvaging, recovery;
relief
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﻘﺎذ‬istinqād deliverance, salvation, saving, rescue; salvaging, recovery;
relief
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺬ‬munqid rescuer, savior, deliverer
‫ ﻧﻘـﺮ‬naqara u (naqr) to dig; to pierce, bore, hollow out, excavate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
make a cavity or hole (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in); to cut, carve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp., atone or wood); to
engrave, inscribe (‫ ﰲ‬in); to peck up (‫ ﻫـ‬a grain; of a bird); to peck (‫ ه‬at s.o.);
to strike, bang, knock, rap (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at, on); to drum (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on s.th.); to snap one’s
fingers; to offend, annoy, vex, hurt, insult, revile, malign, defame (‫ ه‬s.o.),
cast a slur (‫ ه‬on s.o.), make insinuations (‫ ه‬against s.o.); to investigate,
examine (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); -- naqira a (naqar) to be offended, annoyed, miffed (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Confidential
at) II to peck, peck up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to investigate, examine (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) III to have
an argument, to quarrel, wrangle, bicker (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻘــﺮ‬naqr excavation, hollowing out, carving out, engraving; hollow,
cavity, hole; snap(ping) of the fingers
‫ ﻧﻘﺮ‬naqir annoyed, offended, hurt, miffed
‫ ﻧﻘـﺮة‬naqra pl. naqarāt blow, knock, bang, rap; drumbeat; pluck(ing) (of
strings)
‫ ﻧﻘـﺮة‬nuqra pl. ‫ ﻧﻘـﺮ‬nuqar, ‫ ﻧﻘـﺎر‬niqār pit, hollow, cavity, hole; depression;
orbit, eye socket; neck furrow, nape
‫ ﻧﻘﺮة‬niqra bickering, wrangle, argument, quarrel
‫ ﻧﻘﺎر‬naqqār carver, engraver | ‫ ﻧﻘﺎر اﳋﺸﺐ‬n. al-kašab woodpecker (zool.)
‫ ﻧﻘﺎرﻳــﺔ‬nuqqārīya pl. -āt (eg.) a percussion instrument resembling a
kettledrum
‫ ﻧﻘﲑ‬naqīr tiny spot on a date pit; an utterly worthless thing | ‫ﻻ ﳚﺪي ﺷﺮوى‬
‫ﻧﻘـﲑ‬ lā yujdī šarwā n. it won’t help the least bit, it won’t get you anywhere
at all; ‫ﻧﻘـﲑ‬ ‫ ﻻ ﳝﻠـﻚ ﺷـﺮوى‬he has absolutely nothing, he hasn’t got a red cent to
his
1605
name; ...}’ ":I~ J,:i ":I nothing at an, not

the l....t little bit
;~ naqlra pl. ;W naq<!",.a corvette
;~W naqqara sman drum having a
hemispheric body of copper or wood
~,,;~ niiqUr pl. .;:il; naWliqlr’ (Koranic)
a wind instrument
;~~ naqilra (eg.) prattle, idle talk,
rigmarole
~LA:.. m,nqar pl. .;:il:.. manclqlr’ beak.
bill (of a bird); pickax
;.)L:... mutuiqara bickering, wrangle,
argument, quarrel
;;~ tuiq,ra pl. ;s.,; naWliq,r’ bickering,
wrangle, argument, quarrel; misfortune,
calamity
‫ ﻧﻘﺮزان‬naqrazān (eg.) small drum; drummer
‫ ﻧﻘﺮس‬niqris gout; skilled and experienced (physician)
‫ ﻧﻘﺮﻳﺲ‬niqrīs skilled and experienced (physician)
‫ ﻧﻘـﺰ‬naqaza u i (naqz, ‫ ﻧﻘـﺎز‬niqāz, ‫ ﻧﻘـﺰان‬naqazān) to bound, leap, skip, hop II
Confidential
to rock, dandle (‫ ه‬a child)
‫ ﻧﻘﺰة‬naqza jump, leap, start
‫ ﻗـﻮس‬nāqūs pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاﻗﻴﺲ‬nawāqīs2 (church)bell; gong; hand bell (used, e.g.,
in Coptic liturgy); bell jar, globe
‫ ﻧﻘـﺶ‬naqaša u (naqš) to variegate, dapple, make many-colored, daub with
various colors, bedaub (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to paint; to chisel, sculpture, carve out; to
engrave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on, in) II to paint; to engrave; to sculpture III to argue,
dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to discuss (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to debate (‫ ﻫـ‬a question); to criticize
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), object, raise an objection (‫ ﻫـ‬to), raise a protest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬against); to bear,
examine, interrogate (‫ ه‬s.o.; jur.) VI to carry on a dispute, to debate (‫ﰲ‬
about) VIII to extract, pull out (‫ ﻫـ‬a prick or thorn)
‫ ﻧﻘــﺶ‬naqš pl. ‫ ﻧﻘــﻮش‬nuqūš painting, picture, drawing; engraving;
inscription; sculpture, figure
‫ ﻧﻘﺎش‬naqqāš painter; house painter; artist; sculptor
‫ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﺔ‬niqāša (art of) painting or sculpture
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺶ‬minqaš pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺶ‬manāqiš2 chisel
1606
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﺎش‬minqāš pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﻴﺶ‬manāqīš2 chisel

‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬munāqaša argument, controversy,
dispute, debate, discussion; contestation, opposition, objection, protest
‫ ﻧﻘﺎش‬niqāš argument, controversy, dispute, debate, discussion
‫ ﻣﻨﻘ ــﻮش‬manqūš colored, dappled, variegated; painted; engraved;
sculptured; inscribed
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺶ‬munāqiš opponent in a dispute; disputant
‫ ﻧﻘﺺ‬naqaṣa u (naqṣ, ‫ ﻧﻘﺼﺎن‬nuqṣān) to decrease, become less, diminish, be
diminished, be reduced (‫ ﻫ ـ‬by an amount; of a number); to decrease,
diminish, lessen, reduce, impair (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), prejudice (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ s.o., s.th.), be
prejudicial (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬to), detract (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬from); to lower, peg down (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to be
deficient, lacking, incomplete, insufficient, inadequate, defective, faulty,
imperfect; ‫اﻟﺸﻲء‬ ‫( ﻧﻘﺼﻪ‬šai’u) he lacked, needed the thing, was in want of the
thing; to fan short (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), be less, be lower (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬than) | 13 ‫ﻋﺎﻣـﺎ ﺗـﻨﻘﺺ ﺷـﻬﺮا‬
‫واﺣـﺪا‬ (‘āman, šahran) 13 years minus one month II and IV to decrease,
Confidential
diminish, lessen (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to reduce, lower, peg down (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to curtail, cut
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to invite bids (‫ ﻫـ‬for a project, etc., so as to determine the lowest
bidder) VI to decrease gradually, diminish slowly, grow less or smaller by
degrees VIII to decrease, diminish, become less; to wane; to impair,
diminish, lessen (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) |
‫( اﻧـﺘﻘﺺ ﻣـﻦ ﻗـﺪرﻩ‬qadrihī) to disparage s.o., detract
from s.o., degrade s.o. X to ask for a reduction (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to find (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
decreased, deficient, short, defective, imperfect, inferior; to discover the
absence (‫ ﻫـ‬of), miss (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻘـﺺ‬naqṣ decrease, diminution; deficit, loss, damage; wantage, lack,
want, shortage (‫ ﰲ‬of); gap, blank, omission; defect, shortcoming, failing,
fault, blemish; deficiency, imperfection, inferiority | ‫اﳌﻮاﻟﻴـﺪ‬ ‫ ﻧﻘـﺺ‬falling birth

rate; ‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬murakkab n. inferiority complex
‫ ﻧﻘﺼﺎن‬nuqṣān = ‫ ﻧﻘﺺ‬naqṣ
‫ ﻧﻘﻴﺼﺔ‬naqīṣa pl. ‫ ﻧﻘﺎﺋﺺ‬naqā’iṣ2 shortcoming, failing, fault, defect
‫ ﺗﻨﻘﻴﺺ‬tanqīṣ diminution, lessening, decrease, reduction, lowering
1607
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬munāqaṣa pl. -āt competition to determine the lowest bidder, public

invitation to submit bide (for public works), notice to bidders; award of
contract to the lowest bidder
‫ اﻧﻘــﺎص‬inqāṣ diminution, lessening, decrease, reduction, lowering,
curtailment
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬tanāquṣ decrease, diminution, decrement
‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎص‬intiqāṣ impairment, lessening
‫ ﻗﺺ‬nāqiṣ pl. ‫ ﻧﻘـﺺ‬nuqqaṣ decreasing, diminishing; diminished, lowered,
decreased, reduced; faulty, defective; deficient, lacking, imperfect,
incomplete; short of supply, scarce; less (‫ ﻋــﻦ‬than); growing lighter;
defective (gram.)
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻮص‬manqūṣ deficient, incomplete; insufficient, inadequate
‫ ﻧﻘـﺾ‬naqaḍa u (naqḍ) to destroy, demolish, tear down, wreak, raze (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to tear apart, take apart, undo (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to break, violate, infringe (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th., esp., a contract or similar legal obligation); to cancel, abolish, repeal,
abrogate, revoke, nullify, declare void, annul (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to invalidate, refute
Confidential
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a suspicion); to quash, rescind, reverse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a sentence) | ‫اﻟـﻮﻻء‬
to renounce allegiance, to revolt; ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺾ‬
‫( ﻧﻘـﺾ‬walā’)
‫ ﻻ‬yunqaḍu irrefutable; incontestable,
irrevocable III to be in disagreement (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), be contradictory, contrary,
opposite (‫ ﻫـ‬to), contradict (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), be incompatible, inconsistent (‫ ﻫـ‬with) V
to be destroyed, be demolished, be tom down, be wrecked, be razed; to be
broken, be violated; to be undone; to disintegrate, decay, fall down, break
down, collapse; to disappear, wear off, fade away, die away VI to contradict
each other; to be mutually exclusive VIII = V; to rise, mutiny, rebel, revolt
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against); to attack (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.), take the field, go to war (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬against s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻘــﺾ‬naqḍ destruction, demolition; breach, violation, infringement;
infraction, offense; refutation, invalidation; veto (pol.); contradiction,
logical incompatibility | ‫اﳊﻜـﻢ‬ ‫ ﻧﻘـﺾ‬n. al-ḥukm reversal of a sentence; ‫ﻧﻘـﺾ‬
‫ اﻟﺴـﻼم‬n. as-salām breach of the peace; ‫ ﳏﻜﻤـﺔ اﻟـﻨﻘﺾ واﻹﺑـﺮام‬maḥkamat an-n.
wa-l-ibrām Court of Cassation (Eg.); ‫( ﻻ ﳚـﻮز ﻧﻘﻀـﻪ‬yajūzu) (it is) no longer
open to an appeal, incapable of revision, irrevisable, legally valid, final
(sentence); ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺾ‬ ‫ ﺣﻖ‬ḥaqq an-n. right of veto
‫ اﻧﻘﺎض‬anqāḍ (pl. of ‫ ﻧﻘﺾ‬nuqḍ) debris; rubble
1608
‫ ﻧﻘــﻴﺾ‬naqīḍ opposed, opposite, contrary, antithetical, contradictory;

antithesis, opposition, contrast, opposite | ‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻧﻘــﻴﺾ‬contrary to, in
opposition to, in contradistinction to, unlike; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻨﻘـﻴﺾ‬on the contrary;
‫( اﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻴﺾ اﱃ ﻧﻘﻴﻀﻪ‬intaqala) to go from one extreme to the other, move
in extremes
‫ ﻧﻘﻴﻀﺔ‬naqīḍa pl. ‫ ﻧﻘﺎﺋﺾ‬naqā’iḍ2 polemic poem; contrast
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ‬munāqaḍa sharp contrast, contradiction; opposition; contestation of
a right
‫ ﺗﻨــﺎﻗﺾ‬tanāquḍ mutual contradiction, incompatibility; inconsistency,
contrariety
‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎض‬intiqāḍ collapse, breakdown; uprising, revolt, rebellion
‫ ﻣﻨﻘــﻮض‬manqūḍ destroyed, demolished, wrecked; broken, violated;
undone, repealed, abrogated, annulled; refutable, disprovable
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬munāqiḍ contradictory, contrary, incompatible, inconsistent | ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺾ‬
‫( ذاﺗﻪ‬dātahū) self-contradictory
‫ ﻣﻨــﺎﻗﺾ‬mutanāqiḍ mutually contradicting, contradictory, conflicting,
Confidential
mutually incompatible; pl.
oppositions
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀـﺎت‬contrasts, contrarieties, contradictions,
‫ ﻧﻘـﻂ‬naqaṭa u (naqṭ) to point, provide with diacritical points (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a letter) II

do.; to spot, dot, dab, stain, speckle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fall in drops, drip; to cause
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) to drip, let (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) fall in drops, drop (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to distribute (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.) as a present (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.o.); to give a wedding present (la to the bride)
‫ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ‬nuqṭa pl. ‫ ﻧﻘـﻂ‬nuqaṭ, ‫ ﻧﻘـﺎط‬niqāṭ point, dot; diacritical point; period,

full stop; drop; jot, title, speck; trifle, tiny piece; part (esp., of motors, of
machines); matter, affair, subject, point; detail, particular; item; spot,
location, site; place, village, hamlet, market town
(geogr.); branch, post (adm.); base, position, outpost (mil.); (eg.)
wedding present; ‫ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘـﺎن‬colon (typ.) | ‫ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻻﺗﺼـﺎل‬n. al-ittiṣāl junction (of
traffic lanes); O ‫ ﻧﻘـﻂ اﻻرﺗﻜـﺎز‬fortified position, pocket of resistance (mil.); O
‫( ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬asāsīya) key position; ‫ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻻﺳـﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬interrogation mark; ‫ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ‬

‫ اﻻﻃﻔﺎء‬n. al-iṭfā’ or ‫ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﳌﻄـﺎﻓﺊ‬fire station; ‫ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻟﺒـﻮﻟﻴﺲ‬police station, station
house; ‫ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻟﺘﺤـﻮل‬n. at-taḥawwul turning point, turn of events, turn of the
1609
tide; ‫اﻟﺘﺸﺤﻴﻢ‬‫ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬grease nipples (of motors); ‫( ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ‬gumrukīya) customs

station, customhouse; O ‫( ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴـﺔ‬kārijīya) outpost; ‫ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻟـﺬﻧﺐ‬n. ad-
danab aphelion (astron.); ‫ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻟـﺮأس‬n. ar-ra’s perihelion (astron.); ‫ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻟﻌﻨـﱪ‬
n. al-‘anbar mole; beauty spot; ‫ ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻟﻌـﲔ‬n. al-‘ain leucoma (med.); O ‫ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬combat area, zone of action; ‫ داء اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬epilepsy; ‫( ﻓﻮز ﻟـﻨﻘﻂ‬fauz) victory
on points (in sports)
‫ ﻧﻘﻮط‬nuqūṭ (syr., eg.) wedding present to the bride
‫ ﻧﻘﻴﻄﺔ‬nuqaiṭa droplet
‫ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﺔ‬naqqāṭa dropping tube, dropper, pipette
‫ ﻣﻨﻘـﻮط‬manqūṭ having one (diacritical) point; pointed, having (diacritical)
points; spotted, dotted, speckled | ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ‬ ‫( ﻓﺼﻠﺔ‬faṣla) semicolon
‫ ﻣــﻨﻘﻂ‬munaqqaṭ pointed, having (diacritical) points; spotted, dotted,
speckled
‫ ﻧﻘـﻊ‬naqa‘a a (naq‘) to soak, steep (‫ ﰱ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in); to infuse, brew (‫ ﻫ ـ‬tea,
etc.); to slake, quench (‫ ﻫ ـ‬thirst); to stagnate, be stagnant, gather in a pool
Confidential
(water) IV to soak, macerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in a liquid); to slake, quench (‫ ﻫ ـ‬thirst)
X to stagnate, be stagnant; to become impure and foul by stagnation (water);
to be swampy (ground)
‫ ﻧﻘـﻊ‬naq‘ maceration, soaking, steeping; infusion; (pl. ‫ اﻧﻘـﻊ‬anqu‘) stagnant
water, quagmire, swamp, bog; (pl. ‫ ﻧﻘﺎع‬niqā‘, ‫ ﻧﻘﻮع‬nuqū‘) dust
‫ ﻧﻘﻊ‬nuqā‘a infusion
O ‫ ﻧﻘﺎﻋﻴﺎت‬nuqā‘īyāt infusoria
‫ ﻧﻘﻴـﻊ‬naqī‘ infusion; that with which s.th. is soaked or permeated; (eg.)
juice obtained from dried fruits soaked in water
‫ ﻧﻘﻮع‬naqū‘ dried fruit, dried apricots
‫ ﻣﻨﻘـﻊ‬manqa‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﻗﻊ‬manāqi‘2 quagmire, swamp, bog;, sump, place
where water gathers | ‫اﻟﺪم‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻊ‬m. ad-dam place of execution
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻮع‬manqū‘ macerated, soaked; infusion
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﻘﻊ‬mustanqa‘ pl. -āt quagmire, swamp, bog; moor, morass, marsh, fen
| ‫اﳌﺴﺘﻨﻘﻌﺎت‬ ‫ ﲪﻰ‬ḥummā l-m. swamp fever, malaria
‫ ﻧﻘﻒ‬naqf, niqf chick
1610
‫ ﻧﻘﻞ‬naqala u (naql) to move from its place, move away, displace (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to remove, take away, carry away, carry, transport (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to); to transfer,
transplant, shift, translocate, relocate (‫ ه‬,‫ اﱃ‬... ‫ ﻫ ـ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o., s.th. from ... to);
to transmit, convey, communicate, bring, deliver, make overt pass on, hand
over (‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to s.o.); to remove, dismiss (‫ ه‬s.o.); to move, remove (‫اﱃ‬
to); to copy (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from); to translate (‫ اﱃ‬... ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from one language into the
other); to hand down, pass on, report, relate (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o., ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from, or
baaed. on, s.o. or a source); to quote (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬an author or a literary work); to
render (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a text); to enter, post (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an item; in bookkeeping); to
communicate, spread (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫اﱃ‬ a disease to s.o.), infect (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.o. with); to
transfer, assign, convey, cede (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th., esp. a right, to s.o.) II to move,
move away, displace, move on, move forward, advance, transport, move
about, let wander, let roam (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp., a great deal of s.th. or a great
number of things, s.th. successively, one thing after the other) | ‫ﻧﻘـﻞ ﺧﻄـﺎﻩ‬
Confidential
(kuṭāhu) to stride along, move along III to exchange (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o. words);
to cast, shoot (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬at s.o. glances); to report (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o., s.th.), inform (‫ﻫ ـ ه‬
s.o. of); to hand, pass (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.) V to be carried, be carried away, be
removed, be transported; to be transferred, be conveyed, be assigned; O to
be transmitted (by radio); to shift, change its locality; to change one’s
residence, remove, go elsewhere; to change position (mil.); to move about;
to walk about; to rove, roam, migrate, wander, travel about | ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗـﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻨـﺎزل‬
‫( اﻟﺒﻼﻏـﺔ‬m. al-balāga) to be versed in rhetoric VI to carry, transport (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to report to one another, relate or tell each other (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to exchange (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to spread, report, relate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a story, etc.), pass on, hand down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to spread by word of mouth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﻠﺘـﻪ اﻷﻟﺴـﻦ‬ (alsun) to pass from
mouth to mouth, be on everybody’s lips, be the talk of the town; ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﻠﺘﻪ اﻷﻳﺪي‬
(aidī) to pass from hand to hand, change hands; ‫( ﺗﻨﺎﻗﻠـﺖ اﳉﺮاﺋـﺪ اﳋـﱪ‬kabara)
the report was taken up by the entire press; ‫( ﺗﻨﺎﻗـﻞ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬kalama) to talk with
one another, have a talk VIII to be carried, be carried away, be removed, be
transported; to be transferred, be conveyed, be assigned; O to be transmitted
(by radio); to shift, change its locality; to change one’s residence, remove,
1611
go elsewhere; to change position (mil.); to walk about; to rove, roam,

migrate, wander, travel about; to be transferred (official); to be turned over,
be delivered, be transferred (ship); to be communicated (disease), spread (‫اﱃ‬
to); to be spread, circulate, make the rounds (rumor); to be transplanted (‫اﱃ‬
into or to); to move, move along, travel; to betake o.s., proceed, go, take
the road (‫ اﱃ‬to). head (‫ اﱃ‬for), turn (‫ اﱃ‬to); to apply o.s., turn (‫ اﱃ‬to a field of
interest); to turn, make a turn (‫ اﱃ‬into another street; of an automobile); to
pass (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from one owner ‫اﱃ‬ to the other); O to be propagated, spread
(waves, etc.; ‫ اﱃ‬to, ‫ ;)ﰲ‬O to jump across (el. spark); to
occasionally also
shift (from attack to defense); to go away, depart (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬and ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), leave a
place (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬and ‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to go around (‫ ﰲ‬in or among), make the round (‫ ﰲ‬of),
visit (one after the other) | ‫ اﻧﺘﻘـﻞ ﺑـﻪ اﱃ‬to shift, translocate, relocate s.th. to;
‫( اﻧﺘﻘﻞ اﱃ رﲪﺔ ﷲ‬raḥmati llāh) lit.: to pass away into God’s mercy, i.e., to die;
‫( اﻧﺘﻘـﻞ اﱃ ﺟـﻮار رﺑـﻪ‬j. rabbihī) lit.: to be transferred into the presence of the
Confidential
Lord, i.e., to die, pass away
‫ ﻧﻘــﻞ‬naql carrying, carriage; conveyance, transportation, transport;
removal; translocation, relocation, transplantation; transfer (also, e.g., of an
official); change of residence, move, remove; transmission (also by radio);
translation; transcription, transcript, copy; tradition; report, account; entry,
posting (in an account book); conveyance, transfer, assignment, cession |
‫ﻧﻘـﻼ ﻋـﻦ‬ based on, according to; ‫ ﻧﻘـﻞ اﻟـﺪم‬n. ad-dam and ‫ ﻧﻘـﻞ اﻟـﺪﻣﺎء‬blood
transfusion; O ‫ ﻧﻘ ــﻞ اﻟﺼ ــﻮر ﻟﻼﺳ ــﻠﻜﻲ‬n. aṣ-ṣuwar bi-l-lā-silkī radio-
photography; ‫ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬motor transport (of passengers and cargoes); ‫اﺟـﺮة‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻘـﻞ‬ujrat an-n. cartage, carriage, freight; ‫ ﺳـﻴﺎرة اﻟﻨﻘـﻞ‬sayyārat an-n. truck,
lorry; ‫ﻣﻌــﺎﱂ اﻟﻨﻘــﻞ‬ transfer fees, assignment fees; ‫وﺳــﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﻘــﻞ‬ means of
transportation, conveyances
‫ ﻧﻘﻠـﻲ‬naqlī traditionary, traditional; of or pertaining to transportation,
transport- (in compounds) | ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﺳﻴﺎرة‬sayyāra) truck, lorry
‫ ﻧﻘﻠﻴـﺎت‬naqlīyāt transport services, transportation system, transportation;
transports
| ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫‘( ﻧﻘﻠﻴﺎت‬askarīya) troop transports
‫ ﻧﻘـﻞ‬naql, nuql pl. ‫ ﻧﻘـﻮل‬nuqūl candied almonds or nuts, candy, sweets,
dried fruits, etc., as a dessert
1612
‫ ﻧﻘﻞ‬naqal rubble, debris

‫ ﻧﻘﻠﺔ‬nuqla migration
‫ ﻧﻘﻠﺔ‬nuqla pl. ‫ ﻧﻘﻞ‬nuqal gossip; pattern, model
‫ ﻧﻘﺎل‬naqqāl portable, transportable
‫ ﻧﻘﺎﻟـﺔ‬naqqāla pl. -āt stretcher; ambulance; transport, transport vessel;
truck, lorry
‫ ﻧﻘﻴﻞ‬naqīl (yem.) mountain trail, defile, pass
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻞ‬manqal and ‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻞ‬manqala pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬manāqil2 brazier
‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻠﺔ‬manqala a day’s march; way station, stopping place; O protractor
‫ ﺗﻨﻘـﻞ‬tanaqqul change of locality; change of residence; (mil.) change of
position, station or garrison; traveling, roving, roaming, wandering,
migration; conveyance, transportation, transport; transmission (radio);
transfer; reshuffle, shake-up, reorganization, change of personnel;
regrouping, shifting, rearrangement
‫ اﻧﺘﻘـﺎل‬intiqāl change of locality; locomotion; change of residence, move,
remove, removal; translocation, relocation; transfer; conveyance,
transportation, transport; transition (‫اﱃ‬ – ‫ﻣــﻦ‬
Confidential
from -- to); transmission;
communication, infection; transit, passage (of the sun through the zodiac);
demise, death | ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘـﺎل‬ ‫ ﻃـﻮر‬ṭaur al-int. transition period; ‫ ﻓـﱰة اﻻﻧﺘﻘـﺎل‬fatrat al-
int. interim period, interim stage, stage of transition; ‫‘ ﻋﻴـﺪ اﻧﺘﻘـﺎل اﻟﻌـﺬراء‬īd int.
al-‘adrā’ Day of the Assumption of the Virgin (Chr.)
‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﱄ‬intiqālī: ‫‘( ﻋﻬﺪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﱄ‬ahd) transition period
‫ ﻗــﻞ‬nāqil pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻧﻘﻠــﺔ‬naqala, ‫ ﻧﻘــﺎل‬nuqqāl carrying; carrier; bearer;
translator; copyist; -- conductor (el.) | ‫اﻟﺴـﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗـﻞ‬ n. as-sur‘a gear-shift lever
(of an automobile)
‫ ﻗﻠـﺔ‬nāqila pl. -āt transport, transport vessel | ‫ ﻗﻠـﺔ اﻟﺒـﱰول‬n. al-betrōl and
‫ﻗﻠـﺔ اﻟﺰﻳــﺖ‬ n. az-zait tanker; ‫ﻗﻠــﺔ اﳉﻨــﻮد‬ troop-ship, transport; ‫ﻗﻠــﺔ اﻟﻄــﺎﺋﺮات‬
aircraft carrier
‫ ﻗﻠﻴﺔ‬nāqilīya conductivity (el.)
‫ ﻣﻨﻘـﻮل‬manqūl carried, conveyed, transported; transferred; transmitted;
translated; copied, transcribed; movable, mobile, portable; handed down,
traditional; traditional stock; (pl. -āt) a movable thing | ‫ﻣﻨﻘـﻮﻻت‬ or ‫اﻣـﻮال‬
1613
‫ )اﻣــﻼك( ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻟــﺔ‬movable property, movables, effects, personal property;

‫ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻻت اﳌﻨﺰل‬m. al-manzil household furniture, household effects
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﻘـﻞ‬mutanaqqil movable, mobile; portable; ambulant, itinerant, migrant,
roving, roaming; nomad; inconstant, changing | ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸـﻔﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﻘـﻞ‬ (mustašfā)
temporary field hospital, ambulance
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻘــﻞ‬muntaqil ambulatory; movable, mobile; contagious, infectious,
communicable | ‫اﳌﻨﺘﻘﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ اﻷﻋﻴـﺎد‬the movable feasts; ‫‘( ﻋﻠـﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻠـﺔ‬illa) contagious
disease
‫ ﻧﻘـﻢ‬naqama i (naqm) and naqima a (naqam) to revenge o.s., avenge o.s.,
take revenge (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬on s.o.), take vengeance; to be hostile (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), be full of
rancor or vindictiveness, have a spite, be resentful (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.), be

mad, angry (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬for, because 00; to hate, loathe, detest (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.);
to hold s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬against s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬VIII to revenge o.s., avenge o.s. take
revenge (‫ ﻣﻦ‬on); to take vengeance (‫ ل‬for)
Confidential
‫ ﻧﻘﻤــﺔ‬naqma revenge, vengeance; rancor, spite, grudge, resentment;
misfortune, adversity, punishment, trial, affliction, heavy blow; retribution
‫ ﻧﻘﻤـﺔ‬niqma, naqima pl. ‫ ﻧﻘـﻢ‬niqam, ‫ ﻧﻘﻤـﺎت‬niqamāt revenge, vengeance;
rancor, spite, grudge, resentment; misfortune, adversity, punishment, trial,
affliction, heavy blow
‫ اﻧﺘﻘﺎم‬intiqām revenge, vengeance
‫ ﻗﻢ‬nāqim avenger; hostile (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to); indignant, angry (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at or about)
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻢ‬muntaqim avenger; vindictive, revengeful
1‫ ﻧﻘﻨﻖ‬naqnaqa to croak (frog); to cackle, cluck (hen); to gnaw, nibble
2‫ ﻧﻘﺎﻧﻖ‬naqāniq2 small mutton sausages (syr.)
‫ ﻧﻘـﻪ‬naqaha a (‫ ﻧﻘـﻮﻩ‬nuqūh) and naqiha a (naqah) to be on the road to

recovery, to convalesce; to recover, recuperate (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from) VIII do.
‫ ﻧﻘﻪ‬naqah and ‫ ﻧﻘﻬﺔ‬naqha recovery, convalescence
‫ ﻧﻘﻪ‬naqih recovering, convalescent
‫ ﻧﻘﺎﻫـﺔ‬naqāha recovery, convalescence | ‫ دار اﻟﻨﻘﺎﻫـﺔ‬rest center, convalescent
home
‫ ﻗﻪ‬nāqih a convalescent
1614
(‫ ﻧﻘﻮ‬and ‫ﻧﻘـﻲ‬(‫ ﻧﻘﻲ‬naqiya a (‫ ﻧﻘـﺎء‬naqā’, ‫ ﻧﻘـﺎوة‬naqāwa, nuqāwa) to be pure II

to purify, cleean, cleanse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rid of extraneous matter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
&elect, pick out, cull, sift, sort (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hand-pick (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to purify,
clean, cleanse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII to pick out, select (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻘﺎء‬naqā’ purity
‫ ﻧﻘـﺎوة‬naqāwa, nuqāwa purity; O fineness (of a precious metal); selection,
culling; elite; pick, best
‫ ﻧﻘﺎﻳﺔ‬nuqāya selection, elite, pick
J naqly pl. .W "iqd', .\,.ill aRqiyil"
pure, clean, imm&CWate, unstained i clear,
limpid, free of dirt or .xtraneous matter
~ taRqiya cleaning, cle&lllling, purifl.
cation; sifting, BOrting
pun, play on wards; the point of a joke I
0:::.11 ~l.- quick.witted, quick at repartee
.;,15::; Rakkdt witty; humoroua, piquant;
mocker, scoffer
.Li:ll ifIJiqij' eel.ction I 0 .Li::l)ll Jo 'Jol'
Confidential
(q'Ild,a) eel.ctivity (radic)
.;::... m"fIJaqa" eel.cted; eelect
ts:.; Ral:a'a a (s.!ll Rak') to scrape the scab
(. off a wound)
..,.s:.; Ral:aba " (Ra.l:l>, Ral:ab) to make un·
happy, miserabl., aftlict, distress (. s.a.;
of fate); to drop (. s.th.); to put (. s.a.)
out of favor; - (y~ ""k/lb) to blow
sid.ways; to veer, shift (wind); - (Ra.l:l>,
""k/lb) to d.viate, sw.rv. (.:r from, esp.,
from a path, road, route, courae) II to
avert, divert, deBect, tum away, remove
(. s.th.) V to d.viate, swerve (. or .:r
from); to avoid, shun, eschew (A or .:r
s.th.); to refrain (.:r from), steer clear
(.:r of); to take upon one's should....
ta shoulder, take upon o.8., assume (A
s.th.) l.:r "'! ..,.s:::; to make s.o. d.viate or
swerve from
..,.s:.; Ral:b pl. y ~ "dub and ~
Rakba pl. Ral:aMt misfortune, calamity; disaster, catastrophe
‫ ﻣﻨﻜﺐ‬mankib pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﺐ‬manākib2 shoulder; side, flank; highland, upland |
‫( دﻓﻊ ﲟﻨﻜﺒﻴﻪ اﳍﻮاء‬mankibaihi, hawā’) approx.: to race along, dash along
1615
‫ ﻣﻨﻜ ــﻮب‬mankūb fate-stricken, afflicted with disaster; unhappy,

unfortunate, ill-fated, miserable; victim (of a catastrophe)
‫ ﻧﻜـﺖ‬nakata u (nakt) to scratch up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the ground) II to crack jokes (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
about s.o.), poke fun (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at), ridicule (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻜﺘـﺔ‬nukta pl. ‫ ﻧﻜـﺖ‬nukat, ‫ ﻧﻜـﺎت‬nikāt jot, title, speck, spot; witty remark,
witticism, wisecrack, joke; anecdote; pun, play on words; the point of joke |
‫ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻟﻨﻜﺘﺔ‬quick-witted, quick at repartee
‫ ﻧﻜﺎت‬nakkāt witty; humorous, piquant; mocker, scoffer
‫ ﺗﻨﻜﻴــﺖ‬tankīt chaffing, legpulling; teasing, banter, raillery, mockery;
joking, jesting, fun-making
‫ ﻣﻨﻜﺖ‬munakkit mocker, scoffer
‫ ﻧﻜـﺚ‬nakata u i (nakt) to break, violate, infringe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a contract or similar
legal obligation) VIII to be broken, be violated
‫ ﻧﻜﺚ‬nakt breach, violation (of a contract, etc.)
‫ ﻛﺚ‬nākit perfidious, faithless, false, disloyal
‫ ﻧﻜـﺢ‬nakaḥa u i a (‫ ﻧﻜـﺎح‬nikāḥ) to marry (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a woman), get married (‫ﻫـﺎ‬
Confidential
with) III to become related by marriage (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV to give in marriage ( ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. a girl)

‫ ﻧﻜﺎح‬nikāḥ marriage; marriage contract; matrimony, wedlock
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﺢ‬manākiḥ2 (pl.) women
‫ ﻧﻜــﺪ‬nakida a (nakad) to be hard, harsh, difficult; to be unhappy,
miserable; -- nakada u (nakd) to give little (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to torment, pester,
molest (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to make life hard, difficult, miserable (‫ ه‬for s.o.), embitter
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬life III to torment, harass, pester, molest (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be made
miserable, be embittered (life)
‫ ﻧﻜـﺪ‬nakd pl. ‫ اﻧﻜـﺎد‬ankād misfortune; hardship, adversity; molestation,
trouble, nuisance; worry, concern | ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻟﻊ‬ ‫ ﻧﻜﺪ‬misfortune
‫ ﻧﻜـﺪ‬nakid pl. ‫ اﻧﻜـﺎد‬ankād, ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﻴـﺪ‬manākīd2 hard, troublesome, laborious;
unhappy; peevish, cross, bad-tempered
‫ اﻧﻜﺪ‬ankad2 troublesome, painful, excruciating
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﺪة‬munākada pl. -āt inconvenience, discomfort, trouble, burden
1616
‫ ﻣﻨﻜـﻮد‬mankūd unhappy, unfortunate; ill-fated | ‫ ﻣﻨﻜـﻮد اﳊـﻆ‬m. al-ḥaẓẓ pl.

‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﻴﺪ اﳊﻆ‬manākīd al-ḥ. ill-starred, unlucky, unfortunate
‫ ﻧﻜـﺮ‬nakira u (nakar, nukr, ‫ ﻧﻜـﻮر‬nukūr, ‫ ﻧﻜـﲑ‬nakīr) not to know (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.), have no knowledge, be ignorant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to deny, disown,
disavow, renege (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to disguise, mask (‫ ه‬s.o.); to use in its indefinite
form (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a noun; gram.) III to disapprove (‫ ه‬of s.o.), reject (‫ه ه‬s.o.) IV to
pretend not to know (‫ ه‬s.o.), refuse to have anything to do (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o.,
with s.th.); to refuse to acknowledge, disown, disavow, disclaim, deny (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to renounce, renege (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to refuse, deny (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th. to s.o.),
dispute, contest (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th. of s.o.); to reject (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ s.th. with regard to
s.o.), disapprove (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ of s.th. with regard to s.o.); to censure, blame,
rebuke (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. for), criticize (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in s.o.); to hold s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬against
s.o. (‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬, reproach (‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. for) | ‫( اﻧﻜﺮ ذاﺗﻪ‬dātahū) to deny o.s. ; ‫اﻧﻜﺮ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
Confidential
(nafsahū) to harbor self-doubts; ‫ اﻧﻜـﺮت اﱐ اراﻩ‬I pretended not to see him V to
be in disguise, be disguised, disguise o.s.; to change for the worse, change
beyond recognition; to become estranged, be alienated (‫ ل‬from s.th.); to
.nub (‫ ل‬s.o.), treat (‫ ل‬s.o.) with hostility, deal ungraciously (‫ ل‬with s.o.); to
deny o.s. (‫ل‬, e.g., a feeling), shut out from one’s heart (‫ ل‬s.th.) VI to have no
knowledge, be ignorant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to pretend not to know (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), feign

ignorance, make as if one doesn’t know; to refuse to have anything to do (‫ه‬
with), snub, cut, ignore, pretend not to know (‫ ه‬s.o.) X not to know (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.), have no knowledge, be ignorant (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to disapprove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of
s.th.), reject (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th,); to detect, loathe (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻜﺮ‬nukr denial, disavowal
‫ ﻧﻜﺮ‬nakir unknown, little known
‫ ﻧﻜﺮة‬nakira indefinite noun (gram.); unknown person
‫ ﻧﻜـﺮان‬nukrān denial | ‫ ﻻ ﻧﻜـﺮان‬lā nukrāna it is incontestable; ‫ﻧﻜـﺮان اﳉﻤﻴـﻞ‬
ingratitude; ‫اﻟﺬات‬ ‫ ﻧﻜﺮان‬self-denial
1617
‫ ﻧﻜ ــﲑ‬nakīr denial, disavowal; disapproval, rejection; negation;

reprehensible, repugnant, disgusting, vile, revolting, loathsome, abominable,
atrocious; one of the Angels of Death (see ‫( ﻣﻨﻜـﺮ( | ﺷـﺪ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﻨﻜـﲑ‬šadda) to
reproach s.o. severely
‫ اﻧﻜـﺮ‬ankar2, f. ‫ ﻧﻜـﺮاء‬nakrā’ reprehensible, abominable, disgusting, vile,
revolting, loathsome | ‫ﻧﻜﺮاء‬ ‫ اﺑﺘﺴﺎﻣﺔ‬vicious smile
‫ اﻧﻜـﺎر‬inkār denial, disavowal, negation, contestation; refusal, rejection,
non-acceptance | ‫اﻧﻜـﺎر اﻟـﺬات‬ self-denial, selflessness, unselfishness; ‫اﻧﻜـﺎر‬
‫( ﳉﻤﻴﻠﻪ‬li-jamīlihī) ingratitude toward s.o.
‫ اﻧﻜﺎري‬inkārī denying, disaffirmative; negative
‫ ﺗﻨﻜـﺮ‬tanakkur disguise, masquerade | ‫ ﳏﻔـﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻜـﺮ‬maḥfil at-t. fancy-dress
party, costume ball
‫ ﺗﻨﻜﺮي‬tanakkurī: ‫( ﺣﻔﻞ ﺗﻨﻜﺮي‬ḥafl) masked ball, costume ball
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﻜﺎر‬istinkār disapproval; horror, aversion, loathing
‫ ﻛـﺮ‬nākir denying, disavowing; unfriendly, hostile, forbidding | ‫ﻛـﺮ‬
Confidential
‫ اﳉﻤﻴﻞ‬ungrateful
‫ ﻣﻨﻜﺮ‬munakkar indeterminate; indefinite (gram.)
‫ ﻣﻨﻜــﺮ‬munkar denied; not recognized, unacknowledged, disowned,
disavowed, disclaimed; disagreeable, shocking, detestable, abominable;
abomination, atrocity; pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﻜ ـﺮات‬objectionable, forbidden, or
reprehensible, actions | ‫ ﻣﻨﻜـﺮ وﻧﻜـﲑ‬the two angels who examine the dead in
their graves as to their faith
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﻜـﺮ‬mutanakkir disguised, in disguise; incognito | ‫( رﻗــﺺ ﻣﺘﻨﻜـﺮ‬raqṣ)
masked ball, costume ball
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﻜﺮ‬mustankar objectionable, reprehensible; odd, strange
‫ ﻧﻜﺰ‬nakaza u (nakz) to prick; to goad, egg on (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻜﺲ‬nakasa u (naks) to turn around, turn over, invert, reverse, turn upside
down
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to lower, withdraw, retract,
pull in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bow, bend, tilt (‫ رأﺳـﻪ‬ra’sahū or ‫ ﺑﺮأﺳـﻪ‬one’s head); to
cause a relapse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of an illness); pass. nukisa, to suffer a relapse II = I; to
1618
hang at half-mast (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a flag) VIII to be turned over, be inverted, be reversed;

to sink, drop forward (head); to relapse, suffer a relapse
‫ ﻧﻜﺲ‬nuks and ‫ ﻧﻜﺴﺔ‬naksa relapse; degeneration, degeneracy; decadence
‫ ﺗﻨﻜﺲ‬tanakkus degeneration (biol.)
‫ اﻧﺘﻜﺎس‬intikās relapse
‫ ﻣﻨﻜﻮس‬mankūs inverted, reversed; relapsing, suffering a relapse
‫ ﻣـﻨﻜﺲ‬munakkas inverted, reversed | ‫ ﻣـﻨﻜﺲ اﻟـﺮأس‬m. ar-ra’s with bowed
head
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻜﺲ‬muntakis relapsing, suffering a relapse
‫ ﻧﻜـﺶ‬nakaša i a (nakš) to clear out, dredge, clean (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp., a well); to
stir up, rout up, turn up, hoe up, rake up, dig up, break (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the ground); to
rummage, ransack, search (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to disorder, ruffle, tousle, dishevel (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to shake (‫ ﻫـ‬trees)

‫ ﻣﻨﻜﺶ‬minkaš pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻛﺶ‬manākiš hoe, mattock; rake
‫ ﻣﻨﻜـﺎش‬minkāš pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﻛﻴﺶ‬manākīš2 O dredger; poker, fire iron; (eg.)
Confidential
pickax
‫ ﻧﻜـﺺ‬nakaṣa i u (nakṣ, ‫ ﻧﻜـﻮص‬nukūṣ, ‫ ﻣـﻨﻜﺺ‬mankaṣ) to withdraw, turn
away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to recoil, shrink (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) |
‫‘( ﻧﻜـﺺ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﻴـﻪ‬aqibaihi) to
retreat, climb down, give up one’s intention II to cause (‫ ه‬s.o.) to retreat
VIII to fall back, recoil, retreat
‫ ﻧﻜـﻒ‬nakafa u (nakf) to stop, arrest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to disdain, scorn, spurn (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.th.); to
reject (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻳﻨﻜـﻒ‬
‫( ﻻ‬yunkafu) irresistible, resistles8; immeasurable,
unfathomable III to vex, annoy, trouble, pester, harass, torment (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ﻫ ـ‬
with) X to be proud, haughty; to disdain, scorn, spurn, reject (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.),
look down upon (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫)ﻣـﻦ‬, have an aversion (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to), loathe, detest
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th., also ‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to refrain (‫ ان‬from doing s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻜﻔﺔ‬nakafa parotid gland
‫ ﻧﻜﻔﻲ‬nakafī parotid (adj.) | ‫( اﻟﺘﻬـﺎب اﻟﻐـﺪة اﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴـﺔ‬gudda) inflammation of the
parotid gland, parotitis, mumps (med.)
‫ ﻧﻜﺎف‬nukāf O parotitis, mumps (med.)
1619
1‫ ﻧﻜـﻞ‬nakala i u (‫ ﻧﻜـﻮل‬nukūl) and nakila a (nakal) to recoil, shrink (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or
‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), flinch, shirk (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), desist, refrain, abstain, draw back,
withdraw (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); -- nakala (‫ ﻧﻜﻠـﺔ‬nakla) and II to make an example
(‫ ب‬of s.o.), punish severely (‫ ب‬s.o.), teach s.o. (‫ )ب‬a lesson; to maltreat,
torture (‫ ب‬s.o.) II and IV to repel, force back, drive back, hold off, deter ( ‫ﻋﻦ‬
‫ ه‬s.o. from)
‫ ﻧﻜﻞ‬nikl pl. ‫ اﻧﻜﺎل‬ankāl, ‫ ﻧﻜﻮل‬nukūl fetter, shackle, chain; bit (of a bridle)
‫ ﻧﻜﺎل‬nakāl exemplary punishment, warning example, warning
‫ ﻧﻜﻮل‬nukūl refusal to testify in court (Isl. Law)
‫ ﺗﻨﻜﻴــﻞ‬tankīl exemplary punishment; forcing back, driving back.
containment; maltreatment, torture
2‫ ﻧﻜﻞ‬nikl nickel
‫ ﻧﻜﻪ‬nakaha i u (nakh) to blow, breathe (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ل‬in s.o.’s face)

‫ ﻧﻜﻬﺔ‬nakha smell of the breath; fragrance, smell, scent, aroma
Confidential
‫ ﻧﻜﻰ‬nakā i (‫ ﻧﻜﺎﻳﺔ‬nihāya) to cause damage, to harm; to hurt, injure (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ه‬
s.o.); to vex, annoy, offend (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻜﺎﻳــﺔ‬nikāya wrong, harm, damage, prejudice; vexation, annoyance,
grievance, offense, outrage, chicanery | ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ ﻧﻜﺎﻳﺔ‬nikāyatan fīhi in defiance of
him, to spite him; ‫( اﻏﻠـﻆ ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻟﻨﻜﺎﻳـﺔ‬aglaẓa, nikāya) to beset s.o. grievously,
ride roughshod over s.o.
‫ اﻧﻜــﻰ‬ankā worse; causing more damage, more harmful, hurting or
offending more grievously
1‫ ﱎ‬namma u i (namm) to betray, reveal, disclose, bespeak, indicate, show
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to give evidence (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.th.); to report in a libelous

manner (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th. about s.o.), sow dissension (‫ ﺑﲔ‬among or between)
‫ ﱎ‬namm slander, calumniation, calumny; (pl. -ūn, ‫ اﳕــﺎء‬animmā’2)
talebearer, scandalmonger, slanderer, calumniator
‫ ﳕﺔ‬nimma louse
‫ ﳕﺎم‬nammām (eg.) a variety of mint (Mentha sativa L.; bot.)
‫ ﳕﺎم‬nammām slanderer, calumniator
1620
‫ ﳕﻴﻤﺔ‬namīma pl. ‫ ﳕﺎﺋﻢ‬namā’im2 slander, defamation, calumny

‫ ﻣﺔ‬nāmma stir, bustle, life
2‫ ﳕﻲ‬nummī pl. -āt coin | ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻴﺎت‬ ‫‘ ﻋﻠﻢ‬ilm an-n. numismatics
‫ ﳕﻮذج‬look up alphabetically
1‫ ﳕـﺮ‬V to become angry, furious (‫ ل‬with s.o.), turn into a tiger; to bluster,
swagger
‫ ﳕﺮ‬namir pl. ‫ ﳕﺮ‬numur, ‫ اﳕﺎر‬anmār leopard; tiger
‫ ﳕﺮ‬namir clean, pure, healthy, wholesome (esp., water)
‫ ﳕﺮة‬namira leopardess; tigress
‫ ﳕﺮة‬numra pl. ‫ ﳕﺮ‬numar speck, spot
‫ اﳕﺮ‬anmar2, f. ‫ ﳕﺮاء‬namrā’2, pl. ‫ ﳕﺮ‬numr spotted, striped, brindled
‫ ﻣﻨﻤﺮ‬munammar spotted, striped, brindled
2 ‫ ﳕﺮ‬II to mark with numbers, to number, provide with a number (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﳕـﺮة‬numra, nimra pl. ‫ ﳕـﺮ‬numar, nimar number, numero; figure | ‫ﳕـﺮة واﺣـﺪ‬
Confidential
nimrat w. first-class, first-rate, A-1, excellent
‫ ﳕﺎرة‬nammāra pl. -āt numberer, numbering machine, date stamp
‫ ﺗﻨﻤﲑ‬tanmīr numbering, numeration, count
‫ ﻣﻨﻤﺮ‬munammar numbered, counted
‫ ﳕﺮﺳﻲ‬numrusī pl. ‫ ﳕﺎرﺳﺔ‬namārisa (eg.) chinaware dealer
‫ ﳕـﺮق‬numruq and ‫ ﳕﺮﻗـﺔ‬numruqa pl. ‫ ﳕـﺎرق‬namāriq2 cushion, pad; pillow;
panel, saddle pad
‫ ﳕـﺲ‬namasa i (nams) to keep secret, hide, conceal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to confide a
secret (‫ ه‬to s.o.), confide in s.o. (‫)ه‬, let (‫ ه‬s.o.) in on a secret, make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
one’s confidant III to confide a secret (‫ ه‬to s.o.)

‫ ﳕـﺲ‬nims (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﳕـﻮس‬numūs ichneumon, mongoose; ferret,
marten, weasel
‫ ﻣـﻮس‬nāmūs pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاﻣﻴﺲ‬nawāmīs2 sly, cunning, wily; confidant; (coll.; n.
un. ‫ )ة‬mosquito(es); see also alphabetically | ‫اﻟﻨـﺎﻣﻮس اﻷﻛـﱪ‬ the Archangel
Gabriel
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﺔ‬nāmūsīya mosquito net
‫ ﳕﺴﺎ‬nimsā, ‫ اﻟﻨﻤﺴﺎ‬an-nimsā Austria
1621
‫ ﳕﺴﺎوي‬nimsāwī Austrian (adj. and n.)

‫ ﳕﺶ‬namiša a (namaš) to be freckled, have freckles
‫ ﳕﺶ‬namaš (cols.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬freckles; discolored spots on the skin
‫ ﳕﺶ‬namiš freckled
‫ اﳕﺶ‬anmaš2, f. ‫ ﳕﺸﺎء‬namšā’2, pl. ‫ ﳕﺶ‬numš freckled
‫ ﳕـﻂ‬namaṭ pl. ‫ ﳕـﺎط‬nimāṭ, ‫ اﳕـﺎط‬anmāṭ way, manner, mode, fashion; form,
shape; sort, kind | ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳕﻂ‬in the manner of; ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻂ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا‬in this manner, this
way, after this fashion; ‫ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟـﻨﻤﻂ‬new-fashioned, modem; ‫ ﻋﺘﻴـﻖ اﻟـﻨﻤﻂ‬old-
fashioned, outmoded; ‫ ﻫـﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﳕـﻂ واﺣـﺪ‬they are of the same stamp, they are
all alike
‫ ﳕﻄﻲ‬namaṭ formal, rigid, stiff
‫ ﳕـﻖ‬II to embellish, decorate, ornament, adorn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to write in an
elegant, lofty style (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to compose (‫ ﻫـ‬a text)
‫ ﺗﻨﻤﻴـﻖ‬tanmīq ornamentation, embellishment; glorification, exaltation, ago
Confidential
grandizement; elaborate embellishment (with figures of speech);
composition (of a text, in elegant style)
‫ ﻣﻨﻤـﻖ‬munammaq adorned, embellished; elegant, in good style, ornate,
flowery (text, language)
‫ ﳕﻞ‬namila a (namal) to tingle, prickle, be numb, be benumbed (a limb)
‫ ﳕﻞ‬naml (cols.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﳕﺎل‬nimāl ant
‫ ﳕﻞ‬namlī antlike; ant- (in compounds); formic
‫ ﳕﻠﻴﺔ‬namlīya meat safe, food safe
‫ ﳕﻞ‬namal itching, tickling sensation; tingle, prickle, pricking sensation
‫ ﳕﻞ‬namil creeping, crawling; teeming with ants; nimble, deft
‫ ﳕﻞ‬anmula pl. ‫ ا ﻣﻞ‬anāmil2 fingertip
‫ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﻞ‬tanmīl itching, tickling sensation; tingle, prickle, pricking sensation
‫ ﻣﻨﻤﻮل‬manmūl teeming with ants
‫ ﳕـﻨﻢ‬namnama to stripe, streak (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to adorn, embellish, ornament (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.)
‫ ﳕﻨﻢ‬nimnim streaks or ripples in the sand (caused by the wind)
‫ ﳕﻨﻤﺔ‬namnama, nimnima wren (zoo.)
1622
O ‫ ﻣﻨﻤﻨﻤﺔ‬munamnama miniature
‫ ) )ﳕﻮ(ﳕﺎ‬namā u (‫ ﳕﻮ‬numuw) to grow; to increase; to rise

‫ ﳕﻮ‬numuw growth; progress
‫ ﳕـﻮذج‬namūdaj, numūdaj pl. -āt and ‫ ﳕـﺎذج‬namādij2 model; type; pattern;
sample, specimen; exemplar, example; blank, form
‫ ﳕﻮذﺟﻲ‬namūdajī exemplary, model
‫ ﳕـﻰ‬namā i (namy, ‫ ﳕـﺎء‬namā, ‫ ﳕﻴـﺔ‬namīya) to grow; to increase, augment,
multiply; to rise; to progress, make progress, advance; to thrive, prosper,
flourish; to be ascribed, be attributed (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to ascribe, attribute (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫اﱃ‬
s.th. to s.o.); to be told, be reported (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.; of an event), reach (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.;
news), come to s.o.’s knowledge II and IV to make grow, increase,
augment, promote, further, advance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th,)VIII to trace one’s origin (‫ اﱃ‬to
s.o.), descend, be descended (‫ اﱃ‬from), be related (‫ اﱃ‬to); to be affiliated, be
associated, have connections (‫ اﱃ‬with); to depend, be dependent (‫ اﱃ‬on); to
belong (‫ اﱃ‬to, esp., to an organization), be a member (‫ اﱃ‬of an organization)
Confidential
‫ ﳕــﺎء‬namā’ growth, expansion, increase, augmentation, increment,
accretion
‫ ﳕــﻲ‬namīy growth, expansion, increase, augmentation, increment,
accretion
‫ ﳕﺎة‬namāh pl. ‫ ﳕﻰ‬small louse
‫ ﺗﻨﻤﻴـﺔ‬tanmiya expansion, promotion, furtherance, advancement; increase,
augmentation; raising, stepping up, intensification, boost
‫ اﳕـﺎء‬inmā’ expansion, promotion, furtherance, advancement, increase,
augmentation; raising, stepping up, intensification, boost; cultivation,
breeding (of plants)
‫ اﻧﺘﻤﺎء‬intimā’ membership
‫ ﻣﻴـﺔ‬nāmiya pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮام‬nawāmin growth; morbid growth, morbid formation,
excrescence, tumor (med.) | ‫اﻟﻨ ـﻮاﻣﻲ اﻟﺴــﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ (saraṭānīya) cancerous
formations (med.)
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻢ‬muntamin belonging, pertaining
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻤﻰ‬muntaman descent, origin, relationship, affiliation. membership
1623
‫ ـﺐ‬nahaba a u and nahiba a (nahb) to plunder, rifle, take by force (‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.th.) | ‫ ـﺐ‬nahaba l-arḍa and ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬ ‫ـﺐ‬ (ṭarīqa) to cover the distance (‫ اﱃ‬to)
quickly or at tremendous speed IV to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) rifle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to leave,
surrender as booty (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. s.th.) VI to grip, seize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the soul, the heart) |
‫( ﺗﻨﺎﻫـﺐ اﻷرض ﻋـﺪوا‬arḍa ‘adwan) to race along at a tearing pace VIII to grip,
seize (‫ ﻫـ‬the soul, the heart); to rifle, snatch away (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to take in eagerly,
devour (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; said of the eyes) | ‫( اﻧﺘﻬـﺐ اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬ṭarīqa) to cover the distance
(‫ اﱃ‬to) quickly or at tremendous speed
‫ ـﺐ‬nahb robbery, plundering, pillage, looting, spoliation; gallop; (pl.
‫ﺎب‬ nihāb) plunder, spoils, booty, loot; ‫ ﺒﺎ‬nahban by robbery
‫ ﺒﺔ‬nuhba booty, plunder, spoils, loot
‫ ﱮ‬nuhbā booty, plunder, spoils, loot
‫ ﺎب‬nahhāb robber; plunderer, marauder, looter
‫ ﱪة‬nahbura abyss; hell
Confidential
‫ ـﺞ‬nahaja a (nahj) to proceed, act; to enter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬upon a road), take (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
route or course), follow, pursue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a way, a road); to make clear, clarify (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to be open, plain, distinct; -- nahaja i and nahija a (nahaj) to be out of
breath, gasp for breath, pant | ‫ﺧﻄـﺔ‬ ‫ـﺞ‬ (kiṭṭatan) to pursue a plan; to assume
an attitude; ‫( ﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻮاﻟﻪ‬minwālihī) to follow s.o.’s example II to put out of
breath, make breathless, cause to pant (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV do.; to be clear (matter,

affair); to make clear, clarify, explain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VIII to enter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬upon a road),
take (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a route or course), follow, pursue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a way, a road) | ‫ا ـﺞ ﺳـﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬
(sabīlahū) and X ‫اﺳــﺘﻨﻬﺞ ﺳــﺒﻴﻠﻪ‬ to follow s.o.’s example, follow s.o.’s
footsteps, imitate s.o.
‫ ـﺞ‬nahj pl. ‫ ـﻮج‬nuhūj open way; road; method, procedure, manner | ‫ـﺞ‬
‫ﺠـﻪ‬ (nahjahū) to follow s.o.’s method; ‫اﻟﻘـﻮﱘ‬ ‫ اﻟـﻨﻬﺞ‬the straight path, the right
way, the proper manner
‫ ﺞ‬nahaj quick breathing, panting; breathlessness
‫ ﻴﺞ‬nahīj quick breathing, panting; breathlessness
‫ ﻫﺞ‬nāhij open, plain road
1624
‫ ﻣـﻨﻬﺞ‬manhaj, minhaj pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﻫﺞ‬manāhij2 open, plain, easy road; manner,

procedure, method; program; course | ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ‬curriculum; ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ اﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬m.
al-baht methodology of research, research methods
‫ ﻣﻨﻬﺎج‬minhāj pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﻴﺞ‬manāhīj way, road; method; program
‫ ـﺪ‬nahada a u (‫ ـﻮد‬nuhūd) to become round and full, swell (breasts); to
be buxom, have round, swelling breasts V to sigh VI to share the expenses;
to distribute among each other in equal shares (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺪ‬nahd pl. ‫ ﻮد‬nuhūd female breast, bosom; elevation, rise, hump, bump
‫ ﺗﻨﻬﺪ‬tanahhud pl. -āt sigh
‫ ﻫﺪ‬nāhid full, round, swelling (breast); in the bloom of youth; buxom
‫ ـﺮ‬nahara a (nahr) to flow copiously, stream forth, gush forth; to chide,
scold, reproach (‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn away with angry words, brush off, rebuff,
reject, repulse, drive away, chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to chide, scold (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to drive away, chase away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
Confidential
‫ ﺮ‬nahr pl. ‫ ا ﺮ‬anhur, ‫ ا ﺎر‬anhār, ‫ ﻮر‬nuhūr, stream, river; -- (pl. anhur and
anhār) column (of a newspaper) | ‫( ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻨﻬﺮﻳﻦ‬nahrain) Mesopotamia; ‫ﻣﺎ وراء‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻬـﺮ‬Transoxiana; ‫ ـﺮ اردن‬Eridanus (astron.); n. urdunn the Jordan river; ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﺴﻼم‬n. as-salām the Tigris; ‫ﺮ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ the Jordan river
‫ ﺮي‬nahrī river- (in compounds), riverine, fluvial, fluviatile
‫ ـﺎر‬nahār pl. ‫ ا ـﺮ‬anhur, ‫ ـﺮ‬nuhur daytime, day (from dawn to dusk, as
distinguished from ‫ ﻳـﻮم‬yaum = day of 24 hours) | ‫وﻟـﻴﻼ‬ ‫ـﺎرا‬ nahāran wa-lailan
by day and by night; ‫ ﻟﻴـﻞ ـﺎر‬laila nahāra day and night; ‫ـﺎر ا ـﺮ‬ (anhar) a
wonderful day
‫ ـﺎري‬nahārī relating to day or daytime, diurnal; ‫ ـﺎر ت‬news of the day,
miscellany (heading of a newspaper column)
‫ ا ﺮ‬anhar2 see nahr
‫ ﲑ‬nahīr copious, ample, abundant, plentiful, much
‫ ﲑ‬nuhair pl. -āt little river, creek, brook; a tributary, an affluent
‫ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎر‬intihār rebuke, scolding, reprimand, reproof; rejection, rebuff,
repulse, repulsion
1625
‫ ـﺰ‬nahaza a (nahz) to push, thrust, shove (‫ ه‬s.o.); to drive, urge on (‫ه‬

s.o.); to repulse, hold off, ward off (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to be near s.th. (‫ﻫ ـ‬, esp., fig.),
approach, attain, reach (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to seize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫اﻟﺒﻠﻮغ‬ ‫ﻫﺰ‬ to attain (the age
of) majority; ‫اﳋﻤﺴﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﺰ‬ he was close to fifty, he was pushing fifty VIII ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺰ‬
‫( اﻟﻔﺮﺻـﺔ‬al-furṣata) to seize or take the opportunity, take advantage or avail
o.s. of the opportunity; ‫( اﻧﺘﻬﺰ ﻫـ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ل‬furṣatan) to use s.th. as an opportunity
for
‫ ﺰة‬nuhza opportunity, occasion
‫ ــﺎز‬nahhāz: ‫ ــﺎز اﻟﻔــﺮص‬n. al-furaṣ quick to seize an opportunity, an
opportunist
‫ اﻧﺘﻬــﺎز‬intihāz: ‫ اﻧﺘﻬــﺎز اﻟﻔــﺮص‬int. al-furaṣ exploitation of opportunities,
opportunism
‫ اﻧﺘﻬﺎز‬intihāzī timeserver, opportunist
‫ اﻧﺘﻬﺎزﻳﺔ‬intihāzīya opportunism
‫ ـﺶ‬nahaša i (nahš) to bite, snap, grab with the teeth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tear to
Confidential
pieces, mangle (.s.o.)
‫ ﺎش‬nahhāš snappish, biting, mordacious, sharp
‫ ـﺾ‬nahaḍa a (nahḍ, ‫ ـﻮض‬nuhūḍ) to rise, get up (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from a seat, from
bed); to take off, start (airplane); to pounce (‫ اﱃ‬on s.o., on s.th.); to raise, lift,
hoist, heave, carry (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.); to carry on, practice, pursue, attack
resolutely, tackle. handle, take in one’s hands, further, promote, encourage
(‫ ب‬s.th.), give a boost, give impetus (‫ ب‬to s.th.), bring new life (‫ ب‬into
s.th.), bring about an upswing (‫ ب‬of s.th.); to stand up (‫ ب‬for), take up the
cause of (‫)ب‬, espouse, support, endorse, champion (‫ ب‬s.th.); to rise, revolt,
rebel (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.); to get ready, prepare (‫ ل‬for a piece of work, a task,
or the like), begin, start, undertake (‫ ل‬s.th.), enter, embark (‫ ل‬upon); to be

apposite, pertinent, apropos (argument) | ‫ـﺾ ﻗﺎﺋﻤـﺎ‬ (qā’iman) he got on his
feet, he got up; ‫ـﺾ ﻷﻣـﺮ‬ (bi-l-amr) to assume power, take the command;
‫ﻀــﺖ اﳊﺠــﺔ ب‬ (ḥujja) proof bee been established for …; ‫ــﺾ ﳋﺴــﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫( واﻟﻀـﺤﺎ‬ḍaḥāyā) to take losses and sacrifices readily upon o.s. III to offer
1626
resistance (‫ ه‬to), resist, oppose, defy (s.o.); to argue, dispute (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
IV to tell (‫ ه‬s.o.) to rise, lift up, raise, help up (‫ ه‬s.o.), awaken, (a)rouse, stir
up, animate, inspire, stimulate, excite, incite (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to get up, stand up,
rise, draw o.s. up VIII do. X to awaken, (a)rouse, stimulate, animate,
encourage, incite, instigate, egg on (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ــﺾ‬nahḍ awakening, rise, growth, boom, upswing, advancement,
progress
‫ ﻀـﺔ‬nahḍa pl. -āt getting up, rising; awakening (esp., national), rise,
growth, boom, upswing, advancement, progress; resurgence, revival,
rebirth, renaissance; (spiritual) movement; ability, capability, power | ‫ﻋﻴـﺪ‬
‫‘ اﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬īd an-n. Day of National Awakening (of Iraq, celebrated on the 9th of
Shaban)
‫ــﻮض‬ nuhūḍ raising, boosting, revival, restoration, promotion,
advancement, furtherance, encouragement, activation (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﻀﺔ‬munāhaḍa resistance, opposition
Confidential
‫ ا ـﺎض‬inhāḍ awakening, arousing, stimulation, animation; promotion,.
advancement, encouragement, initiation of an upswing, of a boom
‫ اﺳﺘﻨﻨﻬﺎض‬istinhāḍ awakening, arousing, stimulation, animation; promotion,
advancement, encouragement, initiation of an upswing, of a boom
‫ ﻫـﺾ‬nāhiḍ rising, getting up; active, diligent, energetic | ‫دﻟﻴـﻞ ﻫــﺾ‬
conclusive proof, cogent evidence
‫ ﻖ‬nahaqa, nahiqa a (nahq, ‫ ﺎق‬nuhāq, ‫ ﻴﻖ‬nahīq) to bray (donkey)
‫ ـﻚ‬nahaka a (‫ ﺎﻛـﺔ‬nahāka) to wear off, wear out, use up, consume (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to grind down, crush (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- (nahk) and nahika a (nahk, ‫ﻜـﺔ‬
nahka) to exhaust, weaken, enfeeble, debilitate, sap the strength of, wear
out, wear down, enervate, unnerve, waste, emaciate (‫ ه‬s.o.); nahika and
pass. nuhika to be worn off, worn out, run down, used up, spent, exhausted,
enervated, gaunt, emaciated | ‫ﻋﺮﺿـﻪ‬ ‫‘( ـﻚ‬irḍahū) to injure s.o.’s honor IV to
exhaust, wear out, enervate, ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII to waste, emaciate, enervate,
exhaust (‫ ه‬s.o.); to violate, abuse, defile, profane, desecrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
infringe, violate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a law), offend against (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to rape, ravish (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a woman);
1627
to insult, defame, malign, slander, abuse, brutalize (‫ ه‬a man) | ‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻬـﻚ‬

yuntahaku inviolable, sacrosanct, sacred, consecrated
‫ ــﻚ‬nallk weakening, exhaustion, enervation, attrition; consumption,
depletion, exhaustion; abuse, misuse; infraction, violation; profanation,
desecration; sacrilege
‫ ﻜﺔ‬nahka exhaustion; emaciation, wasting away
‫ ا ﺎك‬inhāk exhaustion
‫ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎك‬intihāk weakening, exhaustion, enervation, attrition; consumption,
depletion, exhaustion; abuse, misuse; infraction, violation; profanation,
desecration; sacrilege; rape | ‫ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎك اﳊﺮﻣـﺔ‬int. al-ḥurma sacrilege: ‫اﻧﺘﻬـﺎك اﻟﻌـﻮرة‬
int. al-‘aura offense involving moral turpitude
‫ ﻣﻨﻬﻚ‬munhik grueling, exhausting
‫ ﻞ‬nahila a (nahal, ‫ ﻣﻨﻬﻞ‬manhal) to drink
‫ ﻠﺔ‬nahla pl. nahalāt drink, draught, gulp, swallow
‫ ﻣﻨﻬﻞ‬manhal pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﻬﻞ‬manāhil watering place, spring, pool
‫ ـﻢ‬nahima a (naham, ‫ ﺎﻣـﺔ‬nahāma) to have a ravenous appetite, be
Confidential
insatiable; to be greedy, covetous (‫ ﰲ‬of)
‫ ﻢ‬naham, ravenous appetite, voracity; greed, greediness, avidity
‫ ﻤﺔ‬nahma burning desire, craving, greed, avidity
‫ ﻴﻢ‬nahim greedy, avid; insatiable, voracious; glutton, gourmand
‫ ﻴﻢ‬nahīm greedy, avid; insatiable, voracious; glutton, gourmand
‫ ﻣﻨﻬﻮم‬manhūm greedy, avid; insatiable; covetous, desirous (‫ ب‬of s.th.)
‫ ﻨﻪ‬nahnaha to restrain, hold back, keep, prevent (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o. from); to sob
‫ ) ـﻮ‬and ‫ ـﺎ ) ـﻲ‬nahā u (nahw) and ‫ ـﻰ‬nahā a (nahy) to forbid (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.
s.th., to do s.th.), prohibit, ban (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o. from doing s.th.), interdict, proscribe
(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻦ‬to s.o. s.th.); to restrain, hold back, keep, prevent (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.o. from); pass.
‫ ـﻲ‬nuhiya to come, get (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.; of news), reach (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.), come to s.o.’s
knowledge IV to get (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.), make s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬reach s.o. (‫ ;)اﱃ‬to
communicate, transmit, make known (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to s.o.), bring (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) to

s.o.’s (‫ )اﱃ‬knowledge, inform, apprise (‫ ﻫ ـ اﱃ‬s.o. of s.th.); to bring to an end,
terminate, finish, end, wind up, conclude, complete (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to put an end to
1628
s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬, settle, decide (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) VI to come to an end, run out, expire (period
of time); to attain a high degree; to come, get (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), reach (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to
desist, refrain, abstain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), give up, renounce, forgo, abandon (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.th.), cease, stop (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬doing s.th.) | ‫اﲰـﺎﻋﻬﻢ‬ ‫( ﺗﻨـﺎﻫﻰ اﱃ‬asmā‘ihim) to come to
s.o.’s hearing, to s.o.‘s knowledge VIII to be concluded, terminated,
finished, done with, settled, decided, be over; to run out, expire, come to an
end (appointed time); to end, end up, wind up (‫ ب‬by, in or with); to finish,
terminate, conclude, wind up (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), be or become finished, done, be
through (‫ ب‬with s.th.); to wind up, land eventually (‫ اﱃ‬at), get ultimately (‫اﱃ‬
to); (with ‫)اﱃ ان‬ to come or lead to the point where ..., end at the point
where, get eventually so that ..., result in; to come to s.o.’s (‫ )اﱃ‬knowledge;
to lead, lead up, bring (‫ب‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to); to desist, refrain, abstain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from
s.th.), give up, renounce, forgo, abandon (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), cease, stop (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬doing
s.th.) | ‫ان‬
‫ اﻧﺘﻬـﻰ اﻷﻣـﺮ اﱃ‬the upshot was that, the long and short of it was that
Confidential
…; ‫ اﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺑﻪ اﻷﻣﺮ اﱃ ان‬he got to the point where ...
‫ ـﻲ‬nahy prohibition, ban, interdiction, proscription | ‫( اﻟﻨﻬـﻲ واﻷﻣـﺮ‬amr)
unlimited, absolute authority, dictatorial power, command
‫ ﻴﻲ‬nahyī prohibitory, prohibitive, prohibitionary
‫ ﻰ‬nuhan intelligence, understanding, reason, mind, intellect
‫ ﻴﺔ‬nuhya mind, intellect
‫ ﺎء‬nihā’ utmost degree, limit
‫ ﺎﻳـﺔ‬nihāya pl. -āt end; termination, conclusion; outcome, result, upshot;
the utmost; limit, utmost degree, extreme, extremity; nihāyatan in the end, at
last, finally, ultimately, eventually | ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺔ‬in the end, at last, finally,
ultimately, eventually; ‫ اﱃ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺔ‬to the end; ‫( ﺑـﻼ ﺎﻳـﺔ‬bi-lā) unending(ly); ‫اﱃ‬
‫ ﻏﲑ ﺎﻳﺔ‬or 1) ‫اﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺎﻳـﺔ ﻟـﻪ‬ā nihāyata) unendingly, to infinity, ad infinitum;
‫ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬to the greatest extent, extremely; ‫ ﺎﻳﺔ اﻷرب‬n. al-arab the ultimate goal;
‫( اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳــﺔ اﻟﺼــﻐﺮى‬ṣugrā) minimum; ‫( )اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳ ـﺔ اﻟﻜــﱪى )اﻟﻌﻈﻤــﻰ‬kubrā, ‘uẓmā)
maximum; ‫‘( اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬ulyā) the best grade, the highest rating (in a system
of school marks); ‫( اﻋﻠــﻰ درﺟــﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳــﺔ اﻟﻜــﱪى‬a‘lā darajatin) absolute
1629
maximum (of temperature); ‫اﻋﻠـﻰ درﺟـﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺔ اﺻـﻐﺮى‬ (aqṣā d.) absolute
minimum; ‫ﺣـﺪ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳـﺔ‬ ḥadd an-n. utmost limit, last step; ‫ﻛـﺎن ﺎﻳـﺔ ﰲ اﳊـﺬق‬
(nihāyatan, ḥidq) to be the ne plus ultra of skill, be extremely skillful
‫ ـﺎﺋﻲ‬nihā’ī extreme, utmost, last, final; ultimate, eventual; final, decisive,
conclusive, definitive; ‫ ﺎﺋﻴـﺎ‬at last, finally | ‫( اﻧـﺬار ـﺎﺋﻲ‬indār) or ‫ﺑـﻼغ ـﺎﺋﻲ‬
(balāg) ultimatum; ‫( ﺣﻜـﻢ ـﺎﺋﻲ‬ḥukm) final decision, final judgment (jur.);
‫ﻋـﻼج ـﺎﺋﻲ‬ extreme remedy, last resource; ‫ﻓـﻮز ي‬ (fauz) ultimate triumph,
eventual success; ‫ﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ ﻣﺒﺎران‬a final match, final (in sports)
‫ ﻻ ﺎﺋﻲ‬lā-nihā’ī infinite, unending
‫ ﻻ ﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬lā-nihā’īya infinity
‫ ا ــﺎء‬inhā’ finishing, termination, completion, conclusion; settlement;
suspension, stop
‫ ﺗﻨﺎﻩ‬tanāhin finity, finitude, limitedness; expiration (of a period of time)
‫ اﻧﺘﻬـﺎء‬intihā’ end, termination, completion, conclusion, close; expiration |
‫ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﻷﺟﻞ‬int. al-ajal end of life, death
Confidential
‫ ﻩ‬nāhin interdictory, prohibitory, prohibitive | ‫ﻫــﺬا رﺟـﻞ ﻫﻴــﻚ ﻣـﻦ رﺟــﻞ‬
(rajulun nāhīka) here is a man to fill any man’s shoes; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ )ب‬how excellent is! how remarkable is …! suffice it to …! let it be enough

‫ﻫﻴـﻚ‬ (also ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or
to …! to say nothing of ..., not to mention …, let alone ...; above all, in the
first place, primarily; take, for instance, ...! ‫ب‬ ‫ﻫﻴـﻚ‬ it is enough to mention
…; ‫ن‬ ‫ﻫﻴـﻚ‬ (bi-an) let it be enough to …; let it suffice you to know that ...;
not to mention the fact that ...; to say nothing of the fact that ...; aside from
the fact that ...
‫ ﻫﻴﺔ‬nāhiya pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﻩ‬nawāhin ban, prohibition, proscription
‫ ﻣﻨﻬﻲ‬manhīy forbidden, prohibited, interdicted, illicit
‫ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎﻩ‬matanāhin finished, terminated, expired; limited, bounded, finite;
utmost, extreme; excessive, exaggerated | ‫ﻏـﲑ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎﻩ‬ unlimited, boundless,
infinite, unending, endless; ‫ﻣﺘﻨــﺎﻩ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻗــﺔ‬ (diqqa) extremely thin, of the
greatest fineness; ‫اﻟﺼﻐﺮ‬ ‫( ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ‬ṣigari) extremely tiny, minute
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻪ‬muntahin ceasing, running out; finished, done; expired (validity)
1630
‫ ﻣﻨﺘﻬـﻰ‬muntahan finished, terminated; end; the utmost, extreme; highest

degree, utmost limit | ‫اﻟﺸـﺪة‬‫ ﲟﻨﺘﻬـﻰ‬bi-m. š-šidda with extreme force; ‫ﰲ ﻣﻨﺘﻬـﻰ‬
‫( اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬m. d-diqqa) extremely thin; ‫ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎﻩ‬to reach its highest degree
‫ ) ء )ﻧـﻮء‬nā’a u (nau’) to fall down, sink down, break down, collapse,
succumb (‫ ب‬under a burden); to weigh heavily (‫ ب‬upon s.o.) | ‫ء ﳊﻤـﻞ‬
(ḥaml) to bear a burden with difficulty; to be weighed down by a burden; ‫ء‬
‫( ﺑﻜﻠﻜﻠﻪ‬bi-kalkalihī) to oppress s.o. grievously, weigh heavily upon s.o. III to
offer resistance (‫ ه‬to s.o.), resist, oppose, withstand, defy (‫ ه‬s.o.); to vie,
compete (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to fight, struggle, contend (‫ ه‬with s.o.) | ‫وأﻩ اﻟﻌـﺪاء‬
(‘adā’a) to be hostile to s.o., treat s.o. with hostility IV to weigh down, crush
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻮء‬nau’ pl. ‫ اﻧﻮاء‬anwā’, ‫ ﻧﻮآن‬nau’ān, tempest, storm; gale, hurricane
‫ ﻣﻨــﺎوأة‬munāwa’a resistance, opposition, recalcitrance, insubordination;
struggle, contention, strife
Confidential
2‫)ﻧـﻮب‬ ‫ ) ب‬nāba u (naub, ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎب‬manāb, ‫ ﻧﻴﺎﺑـﺔ‬niyāba) to represent (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.),
act as representative (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.o.), deputize, substitute (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬for s.o.), act as
deputy, substitute, or proxy (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of s.o.), take s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋـﻦ‬place, replace (‫ﻋـﻦ‬
s.o.), perform s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻦ‬office, act in s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻦ‬behalf; to return from time
to time (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), visit periodically (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.), frequent (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.’s place); --
(naub, ‫ ﻧﻮﺑﺔ‬nauba) to afflict, hit, strike, befall (‫ ه‬s.o.; of misfortune), happen,

occur (‫ ه‬to s.o.), fall to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬lot or share, descend (‫ ه‬upon s.o.) II to
appoint (‫ ه‬s.o.) as deputy or agent (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬of), commission, depute, or delegate
(‫ ه‬s.o.) to act in behalf of (‫ )ﻋـﻦ‬III to take turns, alternate (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to
depute, deputize (‫ ه‬s.o.), commission or delegate (‫ ه‬s.o.) to act in behalf of
(‫)ﻋـﻦ‬, in s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋـﻦ‬place; to empower, authorize (‫ ه‬s.o.) to act in behalf of
(‫ ;)ﻋـﻦ‬to come from time to time (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), visit frequently (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.),
frequent (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.’s place) | ‫ ا ب اﱃ‬to turn repentantly to God VI to take
turns, alternate (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in, also ‫ ﻫـ‬in some activity), do s.th. (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬, also
‫ )ﻫ ـ‬by turns; to visit, befall or afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.) successively or alternately |
1631
‫ ﺗﻨﺎوﺑﺘـﻪ اﳋﻄـﻮب‬he has suffered one misfortune after the other VIII to befall,
beset, afflict (‫ ه‬s.o.), happen, occur (‫ ه‬to s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻮﺑـﺔ‬nauba pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮب‬nuwab change, alternation, shift, rotation; (one’s) turn;
time, instance (= ‫ ﻣـﺮة‬marra); case, instance, occasion; -- (pl. -āt) fit, attack,
paroxysm (path.); crisis; change (or relief) of the guard, guard duty, guard;
bugle call; (syr.) troupe of musicians, small orchestra of native instruments |
‫ﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ‬ alternately, in rotation, by turns, successively, one by one, one alter the
other; ‫ﻋﺼـﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‘( ﻧﻮﺑـﺔ‬aṣabīya) nervous crisis; ‫ ﻧـﻮ ت ﻏﻀـﺒﻪ‬n. gaḍabihī his fits of
rage; ‫( ﻧﻮﺑـﺔ ﻗﻠﺒﻴـﺔ‬qalbīya) heart attack; ‫ ﻧـﻮ ت اﳌﻄـﺮ‬n. al-maṭar rainy spells,
periods of rain; ‫ﻧﻮﺑﺘﻪ‬ ‫ ﺟﺎءت‬it was his turn
‫ ﻧﻮﺑﺘﺠﻲ‬naubatjī on duty; commander of the guard, officer on duty
‫ ﻧﻮﺑـﺔ‬nauba pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮب‬nuwab misfortune, calamity, mishap, misadventure,
accident, reverse, heavy blow
‫ ﻧﻴﺎﺑـﺔ‬niyāba representation, replacement, substitution, proxy, deputyship;
branch office, branch, agency; delegation; prosecution, office of the district
Confidential
attorney | ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺑـﺔ ﻋـﻦ‬
acting, deputy, by proxy;
niyābatan ‘an in place of, instead of, in lieu of;
‫( ﻣـﺪﻳﺮ اﳌﺼـﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑـﺔ‬mudīr al-maṣlaḥa) the deputy
director of the department; ‫ ﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑـﺔ ﻋـﻦ‬in the name of, in behalf of; ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺑـﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑـﺔ‬
(‘umūmīya) prosecution, office of the district attorney; ‫رﺋـﻴﺲ اﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑـﺔ‬ chief

prosecutor; ‫ وﻛﻴــﻞ اﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑــﺔ‬representative of the prosecution, prosecuting
attorney; ‫( اﻟﻨﻴﺎ ت اﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬mālīya) the financial delegations (in Algeria)
‫ ﻧﻴـﺎﰊ‬niyābī vicarious, deputed, delegated; representative; parliamentary |
‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣـﺔ ﻧﻴﺎﺑﻴـﺔ‬ representative (parliamentary) government; ‫ﳎﻠـﺲ ﻧﻴـﺎﰊ‬ (majlis)
parliament
‫ ﻣﻨــﺎب‬manāb replacement, substitution, proxy, deputyship; substitute;
office performed by proxy, place taken as deputy; share, portion, allotment |
‫ب ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻪ‬ to represent s.o., substitute for s.o., act in s.o.’s behalf
‫ ﻣﻨﺎوﺑــﺔ‬munāwaba alternation, rotation; munāwabatan alternately, in
rotation, by turns, successively, one by one, one after the other | ‫ ﳌﻨﺎوﺑـﺔ‬do.;
‫ﻣﻨﺎوﺑــﺔ اﻟــﺮي‬ m. ar-rīy (Eg.) periodic rotation in irrigation ‫ا ﺑــﺔ‬ ināba
authorization; deputation, delegation, appointment as authorized agent or
1632
deputy | ‫( ا ت ﻗﻀـﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬qaḍā’īya) requests for legal assistance (from court to

court)
‫ ﺗﻨـﺎوب‬tanāwub alternation, rotation, periodic change; O alternation (el.) |
‫ﻟﺘﻨﺎوب‬ successively, one after the other, one by one, by turns, alternately, in
rotation
‫ ﺋــﺐ‬nā’ib pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاب‬nuwwāb representative, agent, proxy, substitute,
alternate; delegate; deputy; (with foll. genit.) vice-; authorized agent;
sergeant (formerly, Syr.; mil.); authorized representative of a cadi, assistant
magistrate (Isl. Law), also ‫ﺋـﺐ ﺷـﺮﻋﻲ‬ (šar‘ī) | ‫ﺋـﺐ اﻟـﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬ vice-president;
vice-chairman; ‫ﻋـﺎم‬ ‫ﺋـﺐ‬ (‘āmm) or ‫ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺋـﺐ‬ (‘umūmī) public prosecutor;
‫ﺋـﺐ اﻟﻌﺮﻳـﻒ‬ corporal (Ir.); ‫اﻟﻘﻨﺼـﻞ‬ ‫ﺋـﺐ‬ n. al-qunṣul vice-consul; ‫ﺋـﺐ اﳌﻠـﻚ‬ n.
al-malik viceroy; ‫ﺋــﺐ ﻣــﺎﱄ‬ (mālī) financial delegate (Alg.); ‫ﳎﻠــﺲ اﻟﻨـﻮاب‬
majlis an-n. house of representatives, parliament
‫ ﺋـﺐ‬nā’ib share, portion; allotment; contingent, quota; distributive share
in estate, statutory portion
‫ ﺋﺒـﺔ‬nā’iba pl. -āt, ‫ ﻧﻮاﺋـﺐ‬nawā’ib2 vicissitudes, ups and downs (of luck, of
Confidential
a battle, etc.); heavy blow, disaster, calamity, misfortune
‫ ﻣﻨﻮب‬munawwib mandator (jur.); constituent, voter
‫ ﻣﻨﻮب‬munawwab: ‫ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﻣﻨﻮب‬officer on duty, commander of the guard
‫ ﻣﻨﺎوب‬munāwib on duty (esp. officer)
‫ ﻣﻨﻴﺐ‬munīb repentant
‫ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎوب‬mutanāwib alternating, alternate, rotating, successive | ‫ﺗﻴـﺎر ﻣﺘﻨـﺎوب‬
(ṭayyār) alternating current (el.)
2‫اﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑﻼد‬bilād an-nūba Nubia
‫ ﻧﻮﰊ‬nūbī Nubian (adj. and n.)
1‫( ) )ﻧﻮت( ت‬naut) to away, real, totter, stagger
2‫ ﻧﻮت‬nōt and ‫ ﻧﻮﺗﺔ‬nōta notes (mus.), also ‫اﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ‬ ‫ ﻧﻮت‬n. al-mūsīqā

‫ ﻧﻮﺗﺔ‬nōta note, remark
3 ‫ ﻧـﻮﰐ‬nūtī pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮاﰐ‬nawātīy, ‫ ﻧﻮﺗﻴـﺔ‬nūtīya seaman, mariner, sailor; skipper |
‫ ﻧﻮﰐ اول‬seaman apprentice, ‫( ﻧﻮﰐ ﳑﺘﺎز‬mumtāz) seaman (mil.; Eg. 1939); ‫ﻧﻮاﰐ‬
‫ اﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬ship’s crew
1‫ ﻧﻮح‬nūḥ Noah
1633
2‫)ﻧـﻮح‬ ‫ ) ح‬nāḥa u (nauḥ, ‫ ﻧـﻮاح‬nuwāḥ, ‫ ﻧﻴـﺎح‬niyāḥ, ‫ ﻧﻴﺎﺣـﺔ‬niyāḥa, ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎح‬manāḥ)

to wail, weep, lament; to mourn, bemoan, bewail (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.); to coo (pigeon)
ill to be opposite s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬, lie face to face (‫ ﻫـ‬with), face (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V to awing;
to pendulate, dangle; to sway VI to howl, whine (wind)
‫ ﻧﻮح‬nauḥ and ‫ ﻧـﻮاح‬nuwāḥ loud loud weeping, wailing, lamentation (for the
dead)
‫ ﻧﻮاح‬nawwāḥ mourner
‫ ﻧﻮاﺣﺔ‬nawwāḥa hired female mourner
‫ ﺋﺤﺔ‬nā’iḥa pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﺋﺢ‬nawā’iḥ2, ‫ ﺋﺤﺎت‬nā’iḥa hired female mourner
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺣﺔ‬manāḥa lamentation, wailing, mourning
‫ ﻧﻮخ‬II to halt for a rest; to take up residence IV to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a camel) kneel
down; to stay, remain (‫ ب‬at a place) | ‫ا خ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ اﻟﺒـﺆس ﺑﻜﻠﻜﻠـﻪ‬ (bu’su bi-
kalkalihī) to be in great distress, be in a gray, plight X to kneel down
‫ ﻣﻨـﺎخ‬manāk pl. -āt halting place, way station; residence, abode; -- munāk,
manāk climate
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻲ‬munākī, manākī climatic
‫ ) )ﻧـﻮد( د‬nāda u (naud, ‫ ﻧـﻮاد‬nuwād, ‫ ﻧـﻮدان‬nawadān) and V to away; to
awing back and forth; to pendulate
1‫ ﻧﻮر‬II to flower, blossom, be in bloom; to put forth or bear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬blossoms);
to light, illuminate, fill with light, furnish with lights (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.th.); to shed
light (‫ ل‬or‫ ه‬on s.th.); to enlighten (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.); to light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a lamp) IV ‫ا ر‬
anāra to light, illuminate, fill with light, furnish with lights (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
throw light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on a problem), elucidate, explain, clarify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a problem); ‫اﻧـﻮر‬
anwara to come to light, show, appear, be uncovered, be disclosed, be
revealed V to be lighted, be lit, be illuminated; to receive enlightenment, be
enlightened X to seek enlightenment, insight, or an explanation; to receive
light, be lighted, be lit, be illuminated; to obtain enlightenment, gain insight,
get an explanation, receive information
‫ ر‬nār f., pl. ‫ ﻧـﲑان‬nīrān fire; rifle fire, gunfire; conflagration; ‫ اﻟﻨـﺎر‬Hell |
‫ ﺟﺒﻞ اﻟﻨـﺎر‬jabal an-n. volcano; ‫ ﺷـﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻨـﺎر‬slow match, fuse; ‫ ﺷـﻴﺦ اﻟﻨـﺎر‬šaik an-n.
the Devil; ‫‘( اﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ‬alam) very famous; ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ ر‬to be on pins
and needles; ‫( ﻧﲑان ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ḥāmiya) heavy fire, drumfire (mil.)
1634
‫ ري‬nārī fiery, igneous, fire- (in compounds); burning, blazing, red-hot |

‫آﻟــﺔ رﻳــﺔ‬ (in popular usage) motor, any motor-driven device; ‫دراﺟــﺔ رﻳــﺔ‬
(darrāja) motorcycle; ‫ ﺳـﻼح ري‬firearm; ‫( ﺷـﻬﻢ ري‬sahm) rocket; ‫ﻃﻠـﻖ ري‬
(ṭalaq) shot (from a firesrm), rifleshot, gunshot; ‫ اﻟﻌﺎب رﻳﺔ‬fireworks; ‫ﻣﻘﺬوف‬
‫ ري‬projectile (of a firearm), bullet, shell
‫ ﻧﻮر‬naur (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ااﻧﻮار‬anwār blossom(s), flower(s)
‫ ﻧـﻮر‬nūr pl. ‫ اﻧـﻮار‬anwār light; ray of light, light beam; brightness, gleam,
glow; illumination; light, lamp; O head-light (of an automobile); lantern | O
‫( ﻧـﻮر ﺑـﺮاق‬barrāq) blinker, flashing light; O ‫ ﻧـﻮر ﺑـﺖ‬steady light; ‫ ﻧـﻮر اﻟﺪﻻﻟـﺔ‬ad-
dalāla leading light (naut.); ‫( ﻧﻮر ﻛﺸﺎف‬kaššāf) or ‫ ﻧﻮر ﻛﺎﺷﻒ‬searchlight (mil.);
O ‫( اﻧـﻮار ﺧﻔﻴـﺔ‬kafīya) indirect lighting; ‫ ام اﻟﻨـﻮر‬umm an-n. the Virgin Mary;
‫ ﺳـﺒﺖ اﻟﻨـﻮر‬sabt an-n. Easter Saturday (Chr.); ‫ ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ ﻧـﻮر‬bravo! excellent! well
done! ‫ رأى اﻟﻨﻮر‬to come into being, come into the world, be born
‫ ﻧـﻮري‬nūrī luminary, luminous, like light; light-, lighting- (in compounds);
Confidential
bright, shining, brilliant, radiant
‫ ﻧﻮراﱐ‬nūrānī luminous
‫ ﻧﻮراﻧﻴﺔ‬nurānīya luminosity, brilliance
‫ ﻧﻮر‬nawar (coll.) gypsies; vagabonds, tramps
‫ ﻧﻮري‬nawarī gypsy; vagabond, tramp
‫ ﻧﻮرة‬nūra lime; depilatory agent
‫ ﻧـﲑ‬nayyir luminous; shining, brilliant; lighted, illuminated, brightly lit,
full of light; clear, plain, distinct; ‫ اﻟﻨﲑان‬sun and moon
‫ ﻧﻮار‬nuwwār (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاوﻳﺮ‬nawāwīr2 blossom(s), flower(s)
‫ ﻣﻨـﺎر‬manār and ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎرة‬manāra pl. ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎور‬manāwir2, ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎﺋﺮ‬manā’ir2 lighthouse;
minaret
‫ ﻣﻨﻮر‬manwar pl. ‫ ﻣﻨﺎور‬manāwir2 light hole (in a wall); skylight
‫ ﺗﻨ ـﻮﻳﺮ‬tanwīr flowering, blossoming, bloom, efflorescence; lighting,
illumination; enlightenment; ‫ اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ‬and ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻮل‬ ‫ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﺮ‬the Enlightenment
‫ ﻣﻨﺎورة‬see below
‫ ا رة‬ināra lighting. illumination; enlightenment
1635
‫ ﺋﺮة‬nā’ira hatred, flame of war

‫ ﻣﻨﻮر‬munawwar lighted, illuminated; enlightened; shining, brilliant; bright
| ‫ اﳌﻨﻮرة‬epithet of Medina
‫ ﻣﻨﲑ‬munīr luminous, radiant, brilliant, shining; enlightening, illuminative |
‫( ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﻨﲑ‬jism) luminous body, luminary, illuminant
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﻮر‬mutanawwir lighted, illuminated
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻨﲑ‬mustanīr lighted, illuminated; enlightened; educated; an educated
person
2‫ ﻣﻨـﺎورة‬munāwara maneuver; trick; shunting (railroad); ‫ﻣﻨـﺎورات‬ military
maneuvers | ‫ﺟﻮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻨـﺎورات‬jawwīya) air maneuvers; ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎورة دﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬diplomatic
maneuver; ‫ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﳌﻨﺎورة‬shunter
‫ ﻧﻮرج‬nauraj pl. ‫ ﻧﻮارج‬nawārij2 threshing machine, thresher
‫ ﻧﻮرز‬nauraz (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬sea gull(s) (zool.)
‫ ﻧﻮرﺳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬nūrastāniyā neurasthenia
Confidential
bob
‫ ﻧﻮروز‬naurūz Persian New Year’s Day
1‫)ﻧﻮص‬ ‫ ) س‬nāsa u (naus, ‫ ﻧﻮﺳﺎن‬nawasān) to dangle, swing back and forth,
‫ ﻧﻮاس‬nawwās dangling, bobbing, swinging; O pendulum (Syr.)

2‫ ووس‬nāwūs, ‫ ءوس‬na’ūs pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاوﻳﺲ‬nawāwīs2 sarcophagus
3‫ س‬nās people, see ‫اﻧﺲ‬
‫ ﻧﻮﺳﺮ‬nausara to form a fistula (‫) ﺳﻮر‬

‫ ﻧﻮش‬III to skirmish, engage in a skirmish (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to brush (‫ ﻫـ‬against
s.th.), play (‫ ﻫـ‬around or about s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻮﺷﺔ‬nauša (eg.) typhoid fever
‫ ﻣﻨﺎوﺷـﺔ‬munāwaša skirmish, engagement, encounter | ‫( ﻣﻨﺎوﺷـﺔ ﺣﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬ḥarbīya)
engagement, armed clash; pl. hostilities
‫ ﻣﻨﺎوﻳﺶ‬munāwīš and ‫ ﻣﻨﺎوﻳﺸﻲ‬manāwīšī (eg.) bluish purple
‫ ﻧﻮﺷﺎدر‬nūšādir ammonia
1636
‫ )ﻧﻮص( ص‬nāṣa u (nauṣ, ‫ ﻣﻨﺎص‬manāṣ, ‫ ﻣﻨﻴﺺ‬manīṣ) to avoid, shirk, evade,

dodge (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), flee, draw hack (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from) VIII to grow dim, die down
(light, lamp)
‫ ﻧﻮص‬nauṣ wild ass, onager
‫ ﻣﻨـﺎص‬manāṣ and ‫ ﻣﻨـﻴﺺ‬manīṣ avoidance, shirking, evasion; escape, way
out | ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﻣﻨﺎص‬manāṣa) inevitable, unavoidable
‫ ) ط )ﻧـﻮط‬nāṭa u (nauṭ, ‫ ﻧﻴـﺎط‬niyāṭ) to hang, suspend (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. on); to
entrust (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬s.o. with), commission (‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬s.o. to do s.th.),
charge (‫ ﻫ ـ ب‬s.o. with); to make dependent, conditional (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.th.
on); pass. ‫ ﻧﻴﻂ‬nīṭa to depend, be dependent, be conditional (‫ ب‬on), he linked

(‫ ب‬to), be connected (‫ ب‬with), belong (‫ ب‬to); to be entrusted (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to
hang, be suspended (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) II and IV = I | ‫( ا ﻃـﻪ ﺑﺸـﺮط‬bi-šarṭin) to make
s.th. dependent on (or subject to) a condition, make s.th. conditional; ‫ا ﻃـﻪ‬
‫( ﺑﻌﻬﺪﺗـﻪ‬bi-‘uhdatihī) to entrust s.o. with the responsibility for s.th., make s.o.
Confidential
responsible for s.th.
‫ ﻧـﻮط‬nauṭ pl. ‫ اﻧـﻮاط‬anwāṭ, ‫ ﻧﻴـﺎط‬niyāṭ s.th. suspended, hanging, or attached;
decoration, medal, order, badge of honor |
merit
‫ ﻧـﻮط اﳉـﺪارة‬n. al-jadāra order of
‫ ﻧﻴﻂ‬naiṭ pl. ‫ ﻧﻴﺎط‬niyāṭ sorta | ‫( ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻳﺸـﻖ ﻟـﻪ ﻧﻴـﺎط اﻟﻘﻠـﻮب‬manẓarun yušaqqu) a
heart-rending light; ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻮب‬ ‫ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻴﺎط‬to break the heart
‫ ﻣﻨﺎط‬manāṭ place where s.th. is suspended; object, butt (e.g., of mockery);
anchor (of hope) | ‫ﻣﻨـﺎوط اﻟﺜـﺮ‬ m. at-turayyā or ‫ﻣﻨـﺎط اﳉـﻮزاء‬ m. al-jauzā’ the
highest heavens, as high, or as far, as the Pleiades (or Gemini, respectively)
‫ ﺗﻨﻮط‬tanawwuṭ, tunawwiṭ weaverbird
‫ ﻣﻨﻮط‬manūṭ dependent, conditional (‫ ب‬on)
‫ ﻣﻨﻮط‬munawwaṭ entrusted, commissioned (‫ ب‬with), in charge of (‫)ب‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺎط‬munāṭ entrusted, commissioned (‫ ب‬with), in charge of (‫)ب‬
‫ ﻧـﻮع‬II to divide into various kinds, classify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make different,
diversify, vary, variegate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give variety (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to change, alter, vary,
modify, alter in its outward appearance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), change the appearance (‫ﻫ ـ‬
1637
of) V to be of various kinds or forms; to be manifold, diverse, varying,

variegated, multiform, complex
‫ ﻧـﻮع‬nau’ pl. ‫ اﻧـﻮاع‬anwā’ kind, sort, type, species; variety; way, manner,
mode, fashion; form; nature, character, quality, grade; ‫ﻧﻮﻋــﺎ‬ nau’an
somewhat, a little; to a certain extent, in some measure, in a certain way, so
to speak, as it were | ‫ ﻧﻮﻋـﺎ ﻣـﺎ‬somehow or other, in a way, after a fashion,
somewhat; ‫( ﻧﻮﻋـﺎ وﻛﻤﻴـﺔ‬wa-kammīyatan) in nature and quantity, qualitatively
and quantitatively; ‫( ﺑﻨﻮع ﺧﺎص‬kāṣṣ) in particular, especially; ‫ اﻷول ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻪ‬the
first of his (its) kind; ‫ ﻇـﺎﳌﻮن ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻧـﻮاﻋﻬﻢ‬oppressors of all kinds, all sorts of
oppressors; ‫ ﻧﻮع اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‬or ‫ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻹﻧﺴﺎﱐ‬the human race
‫ ﻧـﻮﻋﻲ‬nau’ī relative to the nature or type; characteristic, peculiar, proper;
essential; specific | ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻲ‬ (‫( ﺛﻘﻞ )وزن‬tiql, wazn) specific gravity
‫ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻊ‬tanwī’ change, alteration, modification
‫ ﺗﻨــﻮع‬tanawwu’ diversity, variety, multiplicity; change, change-over,
readjustment
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻨــﻮع‬munawwa’ different, diverse, various, miscellaneous, sundry,
manifold, multifarious, complex
‫ ﻣﺘﻨــﻮع‬mutanawwi’ different, diverse, various, miscellaneous, sundry,
manifold, multifarious, complex; ‫ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋــﺎت‬ miscellany (heading of a
newspaper column)
1‫ )ﻧـﻮف‬and ‫ف )ﻧﻴـﻒ‬ nāfa u (nauf) to be high, lofty, exalted, sublime; to
exceed (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th., esp., a number), be above (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, be more than
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬, go beyond (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫اﳊﻤﺴـﲔ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ( | ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻨـﻮف ﻋﻠـﻰ‬more than fifty II
‫ ﻧﻴـﻒ‬nayyafa and IV to go beyond (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, be more than (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬,
exceed (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻴـﻒ ﻋـﻦ ﺛـﻼث ﺳـﻨﻮات‬talāt sanawātin) more than
three years, over three years
‫ ف‬nāf yoke
‫ ﻧﻮف‬nauf pl. ‫ اﻧﻮاف‬anwāf that which exceeds a number or measure, excess,
overplus, surplus
‫ ﻧﻴـﻒ‬nayyif excess, overplus, surplus | ‫ ﻧﻴـﻒ و‬or ‫ وﻧﻴـﻒ‬together with round
figures: some ..., ... and some, ... odd, e.g., ‫وﻋﺸـﺮون‬ ‫ ﻧﻴﻒ‬some twenty, twenty
and some, twenty odd
1638
‫ ﻧﻴﺎﻓــﺔ‬niyāfa Excellency, Eminence (Copt.-Chr.; title of cardinals and

bishops)
‫ ﻣﻨﻴﻒ‬munīf high, tall, lofty; exalted, sublime; outstanding, excellent
2‫ ﻣﻨﻮﰲ‬manūfī a brand of Egyptian cotton
‫ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ‬nūfimbir, novembir November
‫ ﻧـﻮق‬V ‫ ﺗﻨـﻮق‬tanawwaqa and ‫ ﺗﻨﻴـﻖ‬tanayyaqa to be squeamish, fastidious,
finical, dainty, choosy (‫ ﰲ‬in) X ‫ اﺳـﺘﻨﻮق‬istanwaqa: ‫( اﺳـﺘﻨﻮق اﳉﻤـﻞ‬jamala) he
mistook the he-camel for a she-camel (proverbially of a mistake)
‫ ﻗـﺔ‬nāqa pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮق‬nūq, ‫ ﻧﻴـﺎق‬niyāq, ‫ ﻗـﺎت‬nāqāt she-camel | ‫ﻻ ﻗـﺔ ﱄ ﰲ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬
‫( وﻻ ﲨـﻞ‬nāqata, jamala) I have no hand in this matter, I have nothing to do
with it
‫ ﻧﻴﻖ‬nayyiq squeamish, finical, fastidious, choosy, dainty, overnice
‫ اﻧﻮاك‬anwāk2 foolish, silly, stupid
‫ ) ل )ﻧـﻮل‬nāla u (naul) to give, donate, present, offer, hold out, grant,
award (‫ ل ب‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o. s.th.), confer, bestow (‫ ب ل‬or ‫ ه‬upon s.o. s.th.) II to
Confidential
let (‫ ه‬s.o.) obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), give, afford, bring, yield (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) III to
give, hand, pass, present, offer, extend, serve, hand over, deliver (‫ل‬
to s.o. s.th.) | ‫( وﻟـﻪ اﻟﻘـﺮ ن‬qurbāna) to administer the Communion to s.o.
‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ه‬
(Chr.) VI to reach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.), take (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to accept (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; to receive,

get, obtain (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to take, eat (‫ ﻫـ‬food), have (‫ ﻫـ‬a meal, tea, coffee, etc.); to
take s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬out of (‫)ﻣـﻦ‬, derive, draw, obtain (‫ﻫ ـ‬

‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. from); to take in,
grasp, comprehend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the meaning of s.th.); to take up, treat, discuss (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
subject), deal with (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to extend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), include, encompass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
reach (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a glance); to partake of the Communion, communicate
(Chr.)
‫ ﻧــﻮل‬naul pl. ‫ اﻧـﻮال‬anwāl gift; way, manner, mode, fashion; loom;
freightage, freight
‫ ﻧـﻮال‬nawāl gift, s.th. received; favor, benefit; that which is proper, right,
incumbent, a duty | ‫ ﻧﻮاﻟـﻚ ان ﺗﻔﻌـﻞ ﻛـﺬا‬you must do this; ‫ ﻟـﻴﺲ ذﻟـﻚ ﺑﻨـﻮال‬that’s
improper, that isn’t right
‫ ﻣﻨﻮل‬minwal and ‫ ﻣﻨﻮال‬minwāl loom
1639
‫ ﻣﻨﻮال‬minwāl way, manner, mode, fashion; method, procedure; form | ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ ﻫـﺬا اﳌﻨـﻮال‬in this manner, this way; ‫ ﻫـﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﻨـﻮال واﺣـﺪ‬they are of one stamp,
they are all alike; ‫ ﻣﻨﻮاﻟﻚ ان ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﻛﺬا‬you must do it this way
‫ ﻣﻨﺎوﻟ ــﺔ‬munāwala presentation, offering, handing over, delivery;
Communion (Chr.)
‫ ﺗﻨـﺎول‬tanāwul taking of food, eating, drinking; comprehension, grasp,
receptivity; Communion (Chr.)
‫ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎول‬mutanāwil reaching out, taking, seizing, grabbing; partaking of the
Lord’s Supper, communicating; communicant
‫ ﻣﺘﻨــﺎول‬mutanāwal attainable, available, within reach; attainableness,
availability; reach, range | ‫ﻣﺘﻨـﺎوﻻ‬ ‫ اﻋﺴـﺮ‬difficult to reach, hard to get at; ‫ﲢـﺖ‬
‫( )ﰲ( ﻣﺘﻨـﺎول ﻳـﺪﻩ‬m. yadihī) available, at s.o.’s disposal, within reach, handy,
on hand; ‫ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎوﻟﻪ‬attainable to s.o., within s.o.’s reach; ‫ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول اﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬within
everybody’s means; ‫اﻷﻓﻬـﺎم‬ ‫ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول ﻛـﻞ‬comprehensible to all, understood by

all; ‫ ﺟﻌـﻞ ﻫ ـ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎول‬to bring s.th. within s.o.’s reach, make s.th. attainable,
Confidential
available to s.o.
‫ ﻧﻮﻟﻮن‬naulūn and ‫ وﻟﻮن‬nāwulūn pl. ‫ ﻧﻮاﻟﲔ‬nawālīn2 freightage, freight
‫م )ﻧـﻮم‬ ) nāma (1st pers. perf. nimtu) a (naum, ‫ﻧﻴـﺎم‬ niyām) to sleep,
slumber; to go to bed; to go to sleep; to abate, subside, let up, calm down, be
calm (wind, sea, etc.); to be inactive, dull, listless (market); to be benumbed,
be numb (limb); to neglect, omit, overlook (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.), forget (‫ ﻋﻦ‬about s.th.),
fail to think of (‫ ;)ﻋﻦ‬to be reassured (‫ اﱃ‬by s.th.), accept (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), assent (‫اﱃ‬
to), acquiesce (‫ اﱃ‬in); to place confidence (‫ اﱃ‬in s.o.), trust (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻳﻨـﺎم‬
‫( ﻣـﻞء ﺟﻔﻨـﻪ‬mil’a jafnihī) he sleeps the sleep of the just II to lull (‫ ه‬s.o.) to
sleep, make (‫ ه‬s.o.) sleep, put to bed (‫ه‬, esp., a child); to anesthetize,
narcotize, put to sleep (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV = II; VI to pretend to be asleep; to place
confidence, put trust (‫ اﱃ‬in s.o.) X to let o.s. be lulled to sleep or narcotized
(‫ ل‬by s.th.); to accede (‫ ل‬to s.th.), comply (‫ ل‬with); to trust (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.), have
confidence (‫ اﱃ‬in s.o.), rely, depend (‫ اﱃ‬on s.o.); to entrust (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th. to
s.o.); to be reassured (‫ اﱃ‬by s.th.), accept tacitly (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), acquiesce (‫ اﱃ‬in
s.th.), content o.s. be content (‫ اﱃ‬with)
1640
‫ ﻧﻮم‬naum sleep, slumber | ‫ ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ اﻟﻨـﻮم‬gurfat an-n. bedroom; ‫ ﻗﻤـﻴﺺ اﻟﻨـﻮم‬night,

gown, nightshirt
‫ ﻧﻮﻣﻲ‬naumī of or pertaining to sleep, somn(i)-, sleeping- (in compounds)
‫ ﻧﻮﻣﺔ‬nauma sleep, nap
‫ ﻧﻮﻣﺔ‬nuwama one who sleeps much, sleeper
‫ ﻧﻮام‬nawwām one given to sleep, sleeper
‫ ﻧﺆوم‬na’ūm sound asleep; one given to sleep, sleeper; late riser, slugabed
‫ ﻣﻨﺎم‬manām sleep; (pl. -āt) dream
‫ ﻣﻨﺎم‬manām place to sleep; bedroom, dormitory
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻣـﺔ‬manāma place to sleep; bedroom, dormitory; nightwear, nightgown,
night-shirt; -- ‫ اﳌﻨﺎﻣﺔ‬Manama (capital of Bahrein Islands)
‫ ﺗﻨـﻮﱘ‬tanwīm lulling to sleep; narcotization, anesthetization; hypnotism,
hypnosis
‫ ﺋـﻢ‬nā’im pl. ‫ ﻧﻴـﺎم‬niyām, ‫ ﻧـﻮم‬nuwwam, ‫ ﻧـﻴﻢ‬nuyyam, ‫ ﻧـﻮام‬nuwwām, ‫ﻧﻴـﺎم‬
nuyyām sleeping; asleep; numb, benumbed (limb); calm, tranquil, peaceful
Confidential
(night)
‫ ﻣﻨ ــﻮم‬munawwim sleep-inducing, somniferous, soporific; narcotic;
hypnotist; (pl. -āt) a soporific, somnifacient | ‫( ﺟﺮﻋـﺔ ﻣﻨـﻮم‬jur‘a) soporific
potion, sleeping draught, nightcap; ‫( دواء ﻣﻨ ــﻮم‬dawā’) a soporific,
somnifacient
‫ ﻧـﻮن‬II to add a final nūn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a noun), provide with the nunnation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
noun; gram.)
‫ ﻧـﻮن‬nūn pl. -āt name of the letter ‫ ;ن‬-- (pl. ‫ ﻧﻴﻨـﺎن‬nīnān, ‫ اﻧـﻮان‬anwān) large
fish, whale | ‫اﻟﻨﻮن‬
‫ ذو‬the Prophet Jonah
‫ ﻧﻮﱐ‬nūnī shaped like a ‫ن‬, crescent-shaped
‫ ﻧﻮﻧﺔ‬nūna dimple in the chin
‫ ﺗﻨـﻮﻳﻦ‬tanwīn nunnation (gram.) | ‫( ﳘـﺎ ﻛـﺎﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ واﻹﺿـﺎﻓﺔ‬iḍāfa) they are like
day and light, they are diametrically opposed, they are as unlike as they
could be
‫ ﻧـﻮﻩ‬II to raise, elevate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to praise, laud, extol, acclaim (‫ ب‬s.o.),
speak highly (‫ ب‬of); to commend, cite (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.); to .trees, emphasize
(‫ ب‬s.th.); to make mention, speak (‫ ب‬of s.o. or s.th.), refer (‫ ب‬to, also ‫ ﻋﻦ‬to
1641
s.th.), name, mention (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.); to hint (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ اﱃ‬at). allude (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ب‬
or ‫ اﱃ‬to), intimate, imply (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧـﻮﻩ‬tanwīh encomium, tribute, praise; mentioning, mention; reference;
hint, allusion
‫ ﻧﻮى‬nawā i (‫ ﻧﻴـﺔ‬nīya, ‫ ﻧـﻮاة‬nawāh) to intend, propose, purpose, plan, have in
mind, make up one’s mind (‫ ﻫـ‬to do s.th.), resolve, determine (‫ ﻫـ‬on s.th. or to
do s.th.); -- i (‫ ﻧـﻮى‬nawan) to absent o.s., go away (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ from) II to
miaow (cat) III to make an enemy of s.o. (‫)ه‬, fall out with s.o. (‫)ه‬, be
hostile, antagonistic (‫ ه‬to), declare o.s. the enemy (‫ ه‬of) VIII to propose,
purpose, intend (‫ ﻫـ‬to do s.th.)

‫ ﻧﻮى‬nawan remoteness, distance; destination
‫ ﻧﻮى‬nawan (coll.) date pits; fruit kernels, atones
‫ ﻧـﻮاة‬nawāh (n. un.) pl. ‫ ﻧـﻮ ت‬nawayāt date pit; fruit kernel, stone; core;
center; atomic nucleus; nucleus (fig., from which s.th. will grow), central
Confidential
point, starting point | ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ ﻧﻮة‬n. ad-darra atomic nucleus
‫ ﻧـﻮوي‬nawawī nuclear, nucleal, nuclei-, nuclea- (in compounds); of or
pertaining to nuclear physics, nuclear, atomic | ‫( اﺳـﻠﺤﺔ ﻧﻮوﻳـﺔ‬asliḥa) nuclear
weapons
‫ ﱐ‬nayy fat; see also under ‫ﻧﺊ‬
‫ ﻧﻴـﺔ‬nīya pl. -āt, ‫ ﻧـﻮا‬nawāyā intention, intent, design, purpose, plan,
scheme; determination, will, volition, direction of will; tendency,
inclination, desire | ‫ﻧﻴـﺔ‬‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with the intention to ...; ‫ ﰲ ﻧﻴـﺔ ان‬it is intended to
...; ‫ ﺣﺴـﻦ اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ‬ḥusn an-n. good intention, good will, sincerity, honesty; ‫ﺳـﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ‬salāmat an-n. guilelessness, innocence, sincerity; bona fides, good faith
(jur.); ‫ﺳــﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻴــﺔ‬ undesigning, guileless, artless, sincere; simplehearted,
ingenuous, simple-minded; ‫اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺳـﻮء‬sū’ an-n. evil intent, insincerity, malice,
cunning, deceit; (jur.) bad faith, mala fides, dolus malus; ‫ ﺑﺴـﻮء اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ‬against
one’s better judgment; (jur.) in bad faith, mala fide; ‫ ﺻـﺎﰲ اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ‬ṣāfī an-n.
sincere, candid, frank, openhearted; ‫( اﺧﻠــﺺ ﻟــﻪ اﻟﻨﻴــﺔ‬nīyata) to be loyally
attached to s.o. or s.th.; ‫ اﺧﻠـﺺ ﻟـﻪ اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ ل‬or ‫ ﺣﺴـﻨﺖ ﻧﻴﺘـﻪ ﰲ‬ḥasunat nīyatuhū li
1642
do.; to have good intentions, be well-intentioned toward ...; ‫اﺻــﻠﺢ ﻧﻴﺘــﻪ‬

(nīyatahū) to evoke the right intention in one’s heart (ethical and religious);
‫ ﻋﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to determine on s.th., resolve to do s.th., direct one’s intention
to
‫ ﻣﻨﺎو‬munāwin hostile, unfriendly
‫ ) )ﱐء( ء‬nā’a i (‫ ﱐء‬nay’, ‫ ﻧﻴـﻮء‬nuyū’, ‫ ﻧﻴـﻮءة‬nuyū’a) to be raw, uncooked
(esp., meat)
‫ ﱐء‬nī’, ‫ ﱐ‬nīy raw; unripe; gross (weight); see also under ‫ﻧﻮى‬
‫ ب‬nāb pl. ‫ اﻧﻴﺎب‬anyāb, ‫ ﻧﻴﻮب‬nuyūb, ‫ ا ﻳﻴﺐ‬anāyīb2 canine tooth, eyetooth;
tusk; fang | ‫اﻧﻴﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫( ﻛﺸﺮ ﻋﻦ‬kaššara) to bare one’s teeth
‫ ب‬nāb pl. ‫ اﻧﻴﺎب‬anyāb, ‫ ﻧﻴﻮب‬nuyūb, ‫ ﻧﻴﺐ‬nīb old she-camel
‫ ﻧﻴﱰوﺟﲔ‬nitrōžé nitrogen
‫ ﻣﺘﻨﻴﺢ‬mutanayyaḥ late lamented, deceased (Chr.; eg.)
1 ‫ ﻧﲑ‬nayyir see ‫ﻧﻮر‬
2 ‫ﻧﲑ‬nīr pl. ‫ اﻧﻴﺎر‬anyār, ‫ ﻧﲑان‬nīrān yoke
Confidential
‫ ﻧﲑة‬nīra gums (of the teeth)
‫ ﻧﲑوز‬nairūz New Year’s Day (Chr.-Copt.)
‫ ﻧﻴﺰك‬naizak pl. ‫ ﻧﻴﺎزك‬nayāzik2 short lance; shooting star, meteor
‫ ﻧﻴﺲ‬nīs Nice (seaport in S France)
‫ ﻧﻴﺴﺎن‬nīsān 2 April (Syr., leb., Jord., Ir.)
‫ ﻧﻴﺸﺎن‬nīšān see ‫)ﻧﺸﺎن )ﻧﺸﻦ‬
‫ ﻧﻴﺺ‬nīṣ porcupine
‫ ﻧﻴﺎط‬,‫ ﻧﻴﻂ‬see ‫ﻧﻮط‬
‫ ﻧﻴﻒ‬see ‫ﻧﻮف‬
‫ ﻧﻴﻖ‬see ‫ﻧﻮق‬
‫ ﻧﻴﻘﻮﺳﻴﺎ‬nīqōsiyā Nicosia (capital of Cyprus)
‫ ) )ﻧﻴﻚ( ك‬nāka i to have sexual intercourse (‫ ﻫﺎ‬with a woman)
‫ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ‬nikl nickel
1‫ ) )ﻧﻴـﻞ( ل‬nāla (1st pers. perf. niltu) a (nail, ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎل‬manāl) to obtain, attain,
achieve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), get hold, get possession (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to win, gain, acquire, earn
1643
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to get, obtain, procure (‫ﻫـ‬

‫ ل‬s.th. for s.o.); to accomplish (‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
with s.o.), succeed (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬in s.th. with s.o.), get s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬from s.o. (‫ ;)ﻣـﻦ‬to
affect, influence (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o., s.th.), bear upon s.th. (‫ ;)ﻣـﻦ‬to cause damage, do
harm (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to s.o., to s.th.), prejudice, impair, harm (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫ل ﻣـﻦ ﻋﺮﺿـﻪ‬
(‘irḍihī) to decry, depreciate, discredit, defame, malign, slander s.o.; ‫ل ﻣﻨـﻪ‬
‫( اوﻓــﺮ ﻣﻨــﺎل‬aufara manālin) to do s.o. untold damage, harm s.o. most
grievously; ‫( ﻟـﻪ ﺑﺴـﻮء‬bi-sū’in) to harm s.o. or s.th.; ‫( ﻟـﻪ ﺑﻀـﺮ‬bi-ḍurrin) do.;
‫ل ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ اﺑﻠـﻎ ﻣﻨـﺎل‬ see ‫ ﻣﻨـﺎل‬below IV to make or let (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o.) obtain (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), procure, get (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.th. for s.o.)
‫ ﻧﻴﻞ‬nail obtainment, attainment, acquisition; a favor received
‫ ﻣﻨـﺎل‬manāl obtainment, attainment, achievement, acquisition |‫ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اﳌﻨـﺎل‬
unattainable; intangible, impalpable, far from reality; ‫ ﺻـﻌﺐ اﳌﻨـﺎل‬ṣa‘b al-m.
‫( ﻗﺮﻳــﺐ )ﺳــﻬﻞ( ﻣﻨــﺎل‬sahl) easy to get, attainable; ‫ﳑﻜــﻦ اﳌﻨــﺎل‬
unattainable;
Confidential
mukmin al-m. attainable; ‫( ل ﻣـﻦ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ اﺑﻠـﻎ ﻣﻨـﺎل‬ablaga manālin) it made the
deepest impression on him
‫ ﺋـﻞ‬nā’il acquirer, earner, obtainer, gainer, winner; a favor received, a
boon, benefit, gain
2‫ ﻧﻴﻞ‬II to dye with indigo (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻧﻴﻞ‬nīl, ‫ ﻧﻴﻠﺔ‬nīla indigo plant, indigo

‫ ﻣﻨﻴﻞ‬munayyal dyed with indigo
3 ‫ ﻧﻴـﻞ‬II (eg.) to channel Nile water onto the fields for the purpose of
alluviating the soil
‫ اﻟﻨﻴـﻞ‬an-nīl the Nile | ‫ زﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨﻴـﻞ‬zaman an-nīl time of the Nile inundation;
‫ ﻋﺮاﺋﺲ اﻟﻨﻴﻞ‬flowers of the European white water lily (nenuphar)
‫ ﻧﻴﻠﻲ‬nīlī of the Nile, Nile (adj.), Nilotic
‫ ﻣﻨﻴﻞ‬manyal Nilometer
‫ ﺗﻨﻴﻴﻞ‬tanyīl (eg.) allviation of the soil by irrigation or inundation
‫ ﻧﻴﻠﺞ‬nīlaj indigo
‫ ﻧﻴﻠﻮﻓﺮ‬nīlūfar European white water lily, nenuphar
‫ ﻧﻴﻠﻮن‬nailōn, nīlōn nylon
1644
‫ ﻧﻴﻨﺔ‬nīna mother
‫ ﻧﻴﺔ‬see ‫ﻧﻮى‬
‫ ﻧﻴﻮراﳉﻴﺎ‬niyūraljiyā neuralgia
‫ ﻧﻴﺰﻳﻼﻧﺪا‬niyūzīlandā New Zealand
‫ ﺿﻮء ﻧﻴﻮﱐ‬ḍau’ niyūnī neon light
Confidential
1645
‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ﻫﺎ‬hā ha! look! there! ‫ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻮ‬hā huwa look, there he is! ‫ ﻫﺎ اﻧﺘﻢ‬hā antum you
there! as a prefix (mostly written defectively): ‫ ﻫـﺬا‬hādā, f. ‫ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬hādihī, ‫ﻫـﺬي‬
hādī, pl. ‫ ﻫـﺆﻻء‬hā’ulā’i, dual m. ‫ ﻫـﺬان‬hādānī, f. ‫ن‬ ‫ ﻫـﺎ‬hātāni this one, this; see
also alphabetically; -- ‫ ﻫـﺬاك‬hādāka, f. ‫ ﻫﺎﺗﻴـﻚ‬hātīka pl. ‫ ﻫﺆﻻﺋـﻚ‬hā’ulā’ika that
one, that; -- ‫ ﻫﻜـﺬا‬hākadā so, thus; ‫ وﻫﻜـﺬا‬wa-hākadā and so forth; -- ‫ﻫﺎﻫﻨـﺎ‬
hāhunā here; -- ‫ ﻫﺄﻧﺬا‬,‫ ﻫﺎء ذا‬hā’anādā, ‫ ﻫﺄﻧﺘﺬا‬,‫ ﻫﺎ اﻧﺖ ذا‬hā’antadā, ‫ ﻫﺎ‬,‫ﻫﺎ ﻫﻮ ذا‬
‫ ﳓـﻦ اوﻻء‬I (emphatic form); you there; this one, that one, that; we here, etc.;
here I am! there you are! etc.; -- with suffix: ‫ ﻫـﺎك‬hāka pl. ‫ ﻫـﺎﻛﻢ‬hākum, here,
take it! there you are! there you have ...! following (below) is (are) ...; ‫ﻫﺎﻛـﻪ‬
hākahū there he is
‫ ﻫﺎء‬hā’ pl. -āt name of the letter ‫ﻫـ‬
‫ ﻫﺎﺑﻴﻞ‬hābīl2 Abel
‫ ﻫـﺎت‬hāti pl. ‫ ﻫـﺎﺗﻮا‬hātū give me (us) ...! bring me (us) ...! let me (us) have
Confidential
...!
‫ ﻫﺎ ن‬see under ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻫﺎﺗﻮر‬hātōr Hator, the third month of the Coptic calendar
‫( ﻫﺎرب‬Engl.) harb harp (musical instrument)
‫ ﻫﺎﴰﻲ‬see ‫ﻫﺸﻢ‬
‫ اﳍﺎﻓﺮ‬al-hāvir le Havre (seaport in N France)
‫ ﻫﺎﻛﻢ‬,‫ ﻫﺎك‬and ‫ ﻫﺎﻛﻪ‬see ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻫﺆﻻء‬see ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻫﺄﻣﺘﺬا‬,‫ ﻫﺄﻧﺬا‬see ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻫﺎﱎ‬hānum pl. ‫ ﻫﻮاﱎ‬hawānim2 lady, woman
‫ ﻫﻮاﳕﻲ‬hawānimī ladylike, womenlike, feminine
‫ ﻫﺄﻫﺄ‬ha’ha’a to burst into laughter
‫ ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ‬see ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﻫﺎواي‬hāwāy Hawaii
1646
‫ ﻫﺎون‬hāwun, ‫ ﻫﺎوون‬hāwūn pl. ‫ ﻫﻮاوﻳﻦ‬hawāwīn2, ‫ اﻫﻮان‬ahwān mortar (vessel)

| ‫اﳍﺎون‬ ‫ ﻣﺪﻓﻊ‬midfa’ al-hā. mortar (mil.)
‫ ﻫﺎﻳﱵ‬haitī Haiti
1‫ ﻫﺐ‬hab imperative of ‫وﻫﺐ‬
2‫ ﻫـﺐ‬habba u (habb) to get in motion, start moving; to approach, attack,
tackle (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل‬ s.th.), embark (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل‬ upon), begin (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل‬ with), start
doing s.th. (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫( ;)ل‬with foll. imperf.) to proceed abruptly to do s.th., set
out to do s.th.; to rush, fly (‫ اﱃ‬at s.o.); to wake up; to rise, get up (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from,
esp., from sleep); to revolt, rebel, rise (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against s.o.); -- (habb, ‫ﻫﺒـﻮب‬
hubūb, ‫ ﻫﺒﻴـﺐ‬habīb) to blow (wind); to rage (storm); to break out (fire); to
waft, drift (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in s.o.’s direction; of a scent), meet (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.; of a pleasant
smell) | ‫ﻫــﺐ ﻟﻠﺤـﺮب‬ (ḥarb) to take up arms, enter the war;‫ﻫــﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎوﻣــﺔ‬
(muqāwama) to take up arm, in opposition, rise in arms; ‫( ﻫـﺐ واﻗﻔـﺎ‬wāqifan)
‫ﻫﺒـﺖ رﳛـﻪ‬
Confidential
to plant o.s., station o.s, stand; (rīḥuhū) he is in clover, he is in
luck'. way, he has a lucky hand with everything; ‫ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻜﻠﺐ‬ ‫( ﻫﺐ‬kalb) the dog
attacked him, fell upon him;‫( ﻛـﻞ ﻣـﻦ وﻫـﺐ ودب‬man, dabba) everybody and
his brother, every Tom, Dick and Harry II to tear, rend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to blacken
with soot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to besmut (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to botch, bungle, do in slipshod

manner (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV to wake up, awaken, rouse (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.o. from sleep) V to
be torn
‫ ﻫﺒﺔ‬habba gust, squall
‫ ﻫﺒﺔ‬hiba see ‫وﻫﺐ‬
‫ ﻫﺒﺎب‬habāb fine dust
‫ ﻫﺒﺎب‬hibāb soot, smut
‫ ﻫﺒﻮب‬habūb strong wind, gale
‫ ﻫﺒﻮب‬hubūb blowing (of the wind)
‫ ﻣﻬـﺐ‬mahabb pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﺎب‬mahābb2 place where or from which the wind
blows; windy side, weather side, direction of the wind; blowing of the wind;
draft | ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺢ‬ ‫ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺐ‬storm-swept, exposed to storms, threatened by storms
1647
‫ ﻫﺒـﺖ‬habata i (habt) to knock out, fell, throw to the ground (‫ ه‬s.o.); pass.
hubiṭa to be despondent, faint-hearted; to be dim-witted
‫ ﻫﺒﻴﺖ‬habīt despondent, faint-hearted, cowardly; dim-witted
‫ ﻫـﱪ‬habara u (habr) to mangle (with the teeth; ‫ ه‬s.o.); to carve into large
pieces (‫ ﻫـ‬meat)
‫ ﻫﱪ‬habr boned meat
‫ ﻫﱪة‬habra piece or slice of meat
‫ ﻫﺒﲑة‬hubaira hyena | ‫ اﺑﻮ ﻫﺒﲑة‬abū h. frog
‫ ﻫـﺒﺶ‬habaša i (habš) to gather up, gather, collect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to seize, grab,
clutch (‫ ب‬with the hand or with the claws)
‫ ﻫـﺒﻂ‬habaṭa u i (‫ ﻫﺒـﻮط‬hubūṭ) to descend, go down, come down; to fall
down, drop; to settle down; to sink; to dip, slope down; to fall to the ground;
to fall in, come down, collapse (roof); to set down, land, alight (airplane,
travelers, ‫ﻫـ‬ in a country); to lose weight, become lean (body); to abate,
subside, let up, stop, die down (wind, fire, etc.); to fall, drop, slump (prices);
Confidential
to go, come (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a place); -- u (habṭ) and IV to cause to sink or descend,
lower, let down, bring down, take down, send down, fling down, throw
down (‫ه‬
to a place)
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to lower, out down, reduce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the price); to come (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻫﺒﻂ‬habṭ reduction, lowering; decrease, diminution

‫ ﻫﺒﻄﺔ‬habṭa decent, decline, fall, drop; depression (geogr.)
‫ ﻫﺒـﻮط‬hubūṭ sinking; fall, drop, decline, decent; diminution, lessening,
lowering, reduction (of the price); decrease; weakness, feebleness; slump
(on the stock market); (airborne) landing | ‫ﻫﺒــﻮط اﺿــﻄﺮاري‬ (iḍṭirārī)
emergency landing; ‫ﻫﺒــﻮط اﳋــﻢ‬ h. ar-raḥim prolapse of the uterus,
hysteroptosis
‫ ﻫﺒﻮط‬habūṭ slope, declivity, drop, cliff, bluff
‫ ﻫﺒﻴﻂ‬habīṭ emaciated, skinny, enervated, worn out
O ‫ اﻫﺒﻮﻃﺔ‬uhbūṭa pl. ‫ اﻫﺎﺑﻂ‬ahābiṭ2 parachute
‫ ﻣﻬـﺒﻂ‬mahbiṭ pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﺎﺑﻂ‬mahābiṭ2 place of a fall, of descent; landing place,
airstrip, runway; falling, faU. drop; place of origin, birth place, cradle (fig.);
O cathode (el.) | ‫اﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬ ‫ ﻣﻬﺒﻂ‬m. al-waḥy the cradle of Islam; ‫ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺒﻂ اﻟﻐـﺮوب‬at
(the time of) sunset
1648
‫ ﻫـﺎﺑﻂ‬Ilabil descending, falling, dropping, sinking | O ‫ﻫـﺎﺑﻂ ﳌﻈﻠـﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻴـﺔ‬

(miẓalla, wāqiya) paratrooper
‫ ﻣﻬﺒﻮط‬mahbūṭ emaciated, skinny, enervated, worn out
‫ ﻫﺒـﻞ‬habila a (habal) to be bereaved of her son (mother) V to take a vapor
bath VIII to avail o.s., take advantage (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of an opportunity); to intrigue.
scheme | ‫ﻫﺒﻠـﻚ‬ ‫ اﻫﺘﺒـﻞ‬ihtabil habalaka watch out for your own interests! take
care of your own affairs! mind your own business!
‫ ﻫﺒﻞ‬hiball a tall, husky man
‫ ﻫﺒﻴﻞ‬habīl dolt, fool
‫ اﻫﺒـﻞ‬ahbal2, f. ‫ ﻫـﺒﻼء‬hablā’2, pl. ‫ ﻫﺒـﻞ‬hubl dim-witted, weak-minded,
imbecilic, idiotic
‫ ﻣﻬﺒﻞ‬mahbal, mahbil pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﺎﺑﻞ‬mahābil2 vagina
‫ ﻣﻬﺒﻠﻲ‬mahbalī vaginal
‫ ﻣﻬﺒﻞ‬mihbal nimble
‫ ﻣﻬﺒﻮل‬mahbūl stupid, imbecilic, idiotic; dolt, dunce, fool
Confidential
‫ ﻫﺒﻬﺐ‬habhaba to bark, bay
‫ ﻫﺒﻬﺎب‬habhāab mirage, fata morgana; swift, nimble
‫ )ﻫﺒـﺎ )ﻫﺒـﻮ‬habā u (‫ ﻫﺒـﻮ‬hubuw) to rise in the air (dust, smoke); to run away,
bolt, take to sight
‫ ﻫﺒﻮة‬habwa pl. habawāt swirl of dust
‫ ﻫﺒـﺎء‬habā’ pl. ‫ اﻫﺒـﺎء‬ahbā’ fine dust; dust particles floating in the air | ‫ﻫﺒـﺎء‬
‫ﻣﻨﺜﺼـﻮر‬ atoms scattered in all directions; ‫( ذﻫــﺐ ﻫﺒــﺎء‬habā’an) to vanish.
dissolve into nothing, end in smoke; ‫( ذﻫـﺐ ﻫﺒـﺎء ﻣﻨﺜـﻮرا‬habā’an) or ‫ﺿـﺎع ﻫﺒـﺎء‬
‫( ﻣﻨﺜـﻮرا‬ḍā‘a) to go up in smoke, fall through, come to nought, dissolve into
nothing; ‫ذﻫـﺐ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﺒـﺎء‬ (habā’an) to ruin, thwart s.th.; to scatter s.th. in all
directions
‫ ﻫﺒﺎءة‬hbā’a (n. un.) dust particle; mote
1‫ ﻫﱰ‬hatara i (hatr) to tear to pieces (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to abuse, revile, insult, call
names (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV (also pass. uhtira) to become feeble-minded, childish (old

man) VI to revile each other, fling accusations at each other; to be
contradictory, conflicting (testimonies; Isl. Law) X to be negligent and
careless; to act in a reckless, irresponsible manner; to make light (‫ ب‬of
1649
s.th.), attach little importance (‫ ب‬to), slight, disdain, despise (‫ ب‬s.th.); to

jeer, scoff (y at s.o.), deride, ridicule, mock (‫ ب‬s.o.); pass. ustuhtira to be
infatuated (‫ ب‬with), dote (‫ ب‬on)
‫ ﻫـﱰ‬hitr pl. ‫ اﻫﺘـﺎر‬ahtār drivel, twaddle, childish talk; lie, untruth, falsity,
falsehood
‫ ﻫﱰ‬hutr feeble-mindedness, dotage
‫ ﻣﻬـﺎﺗﺮة‬muhātara abuse, revilement, vituperation, insult; pl. -āt wrangle,
bickering
‫ ﺎﺗﺮ‬tahātur confrontation of similar evidence (Isl. Law)
‫ اﺳــﺘﻬﺘﺎر‬istihtār recklessness, thoughtlessness; wantonness, unrestraint,
licentiousness; disdain, scorn
‫ ﻣﻬﱰ‬muhtar driveling, twaddling, raving; childish old man
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻬﱰ‬mustahtir heedless, careless; reckless, thoughtless, irresponsible;
wanton, unrestrained, uninhibited
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻬﱰ‬mustahtar blindly devoted (‫ ب‬to), infatuated (‫ ب‬with), doting (‫ب‬
on)
Confidential
2‫ ﻫﺎﺗﻮر‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻫﺘـﻒ‬hatafa i (hatf) to coo (pigeons); -- (‫ ﻫﺘـﺎف‬hutāt) to shout; to rejoice,

shout with joy; to acclaim, hail, cheer, applaud (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.); to jeer, boo
(‫ ﺿﺪ‬s.o.); to praise highly, extol (‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫ ﻫﺘﻒ ﺑﻪ‬to call out to s.o.; ‫ﻫﺘﻒ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫( ﻫـﺎﺗﻒ‬hātifun) a voice called out to him, an invisible force told him, made
him (do s.th.); ‫( ﻫﺘﻒ ﲝﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬bi-ḥayātihī) to cheer s.o.; ‫( ﻫﺘﻒ ﺛﻼ‬talātan) to give
(‫ ل‬s.o.) three cheers VI to shout encouragement to one another, encourage
one another (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to do s.th.)
‫ ﻫﺘﻔﺔ‬hatfa shout, cry, call
‫ ﻫﺘــﺎف‬hutāf pl. -āt shout, cry, call; exclamation of joy; hurrah;
acclamation, acclaim, applause; cheer (‫ ل‬to s.o.) | ‫ﻫﺘـﺎف اﳊـﺮب‬ h. al-ḥarb
battle cry, war cry; ‫اﳍﺘﺎف‬ ‫ ﻋﺎﺻﻔﺔ‬storm of applause, thundering applause
‫ ﻫـﺎﺗﻒ‬hātif shouting, calling loudly; (in earlier Sufism) invisible caller,
voice; (pl. ‫ ﻫﻮاﺗﻒ‬hawātif) telephone; O loudspeaker; pl. ‫ ﻫﻮاﺗﻒ‬exclamations,
shouts, cries, calls | ‫اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬ ‫ ﻫﺎﺗﻒ‬h. al-qalb inner voice; ‫ﳍﺎﺗﻒ‬ by telephone
1650
‫ ﻫﺎﺗﻔﻲ‬hātifī telephonic, telephone- (in compounds)

‫ ﻫﺘـﻚ‬hataka i (hatk) to tear apart, rip apart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp., a curtain, a veil);
to unveil, uncover, discover, disclose, reveal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to disgrace, rape,
ravish (‫ ﻫﺎ‬a woman) | ‫ﻋﺮﺿـﻪ‬ ‫‘( ﻫﺘـﻚ‬irḍahū) to disgrace s.o. II to tear to shreds,
rip to pieces, tatter (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to get torn; to be exposed, shown up,
discredited, disgraced, dishonored, ravished, raped; to give o.s. over (‫ ﰲ‬to
s.th. disgraceful); to be disgraceful, dishonorable, shameless, impudent VIII
pass. of hataka
‫ ﻫﺘـﻚ‬hatk tearing, rending, ripping apart; disclosure, exposure, exposé;
dishonoring, disgracing, degradation, debasement, rape, ravishing | ‫ﻫﺘـﻚ‬
‫ اﻷﺳﺮار‬disclosure, uncovering of s.th. hidden
‫ ﻫﺘﻜﺔ‬hutka dishonoring, disgracing, degradation, debasement
‫ ﻫﺘﻴﻜﺔ‬hatīka disgrace, scandal
‫ ﺘﻚ‬tahattuk shamelessness, immorality; impudence, insolence
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﺘﻚ‬mutahattik insolent, impudent; shameless, dishonorable
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺘﻚ‬mustahtik insolent, impudent; shameless, dishonorable
‫ ﻫﺘﺎﻣﺔ‬hutāma s.th. broken off, fragment, breakage
‫ اﻫﺘﻢ‬ahtam2 f. ‫ ﻫﺘﻤﺎء‬hatmā’2, pl. ‫ ﻫﺘﻢ‬hutm having no front tooth; toothless
‫ ﻫﱳ‬hatana i (hatn, ‫ ﻫﺘﻮن‬hutūn) to discharge a pouring rain (sky)
‫ ﻫﺘﻮن‬hatūn rain-fraught, heavy with rain (cloud)
‫ ﻫـﺞ‬hajja u (‫ ﻫﺠـﻴﺞ‬hajīj) to burn, be on fire, be aflame; to flame, blaze, be
ablaze II to set ablaze, stir up, stoke (‫ ﻫـ‬the fire)
‫ ﻫﺠـﺄ‬haja’a a (‫ ﻫـﺞء‬liar, ‫ ﻫﺠـﻮء‬hujū’) to be appeased (hunger) IV ‫أﻫﺠـﺄ ﺟﻮﻋـﻪ‬
(jū‘ahū) to appease s.o.’s hunger
‫ ﻫﺠـﺪ‬hajada u (‫ ﻫﺠـﻮد‬hujūd) and V to stay awake at night, keep a night
vigil; to spend the night in prayer
‫ ﻫﺠـﺮ‬hajara u (hajr, ‫ ﻫﺠـﺮان‬hijrān) to emigrate; to dissociate o.s., separate,
part, secede, keep away (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬from), part company (‫ ه‬with ); to give up,
renounce, forgo, avoid (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to abandon, surrender, leave behind (‫اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. to s.o.), relinquish, leave, give up, vacate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬in favor of s.o.) II
1651
to induce (‫ ه‬s.o.) to emigrate in to emigrate IV to leave, abandon, give up (‫ﻫـ‬

s.th.); to talk nonsense, talk through one’s hat VI to desert one another, part
company, separate, break up
‫ ﻫﺠــﺮ‬hajr abandonment, forsaking, leaving, separation; avoidance,
abstention; separation from the beloved one; hottest time of the day
‫ ﻫﺠﺮ‬hujr obscene language
‫ ﻫﺠـﺮة‬hijra departure, exit; emigration, exodus; immigration (‫ اﱃ‬to); ‫اﳍﺠـﺮة‬
the Hegira, the emigration of the Prophet Mohammed from Mecca to
Medina in 622 A.D. | ‫اﳍﺠﺮة‬ ‫ دار‬Medina
.sA "'in of the Hegira. pertaining
to Mohammed’s emigration | ‫ﺳـﻨﺔ ﻫﺠﺮﻳـﺔ‬ (sana) a year of the Hegira., a
year of the Muslim era (beginning with Mohammed’s emigration)
‫ ﻫﺠﺮة‬hujra, hijra pl. ‫ ﻫﺠﺮ‬hujar, hijar agricultural settlement of the Wababi
Ikhwan in Nejd
‫ ﻫﺠﺮاء‬hajrā’ obscene language‫ﻫﺠﺮ‬
‫ ﻫﺠﲑ‬hajīr midday heat
‫ ﻫﺠﲑة‬hajīra midday heat, midday, noon
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻬﺠـﺮ‬mahjar pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﺎﺟﺮ‬mahājir2 place of emigration, retreat, refuge,
sanctuary; emigration; settlement, colony
‫ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ‬mahājir obscenities
‫ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮة‬multajara emigration
‫ ﻫـﺎﺟﺮة‬hājira pl. ‫ ﻫـﻮاﺟﺮ‬hawājir2 midday heat, midday, noon; -- (pl. -āt,
‫ ﻫﻮاﺟﺮ‬hawājir2) obscene language, obscenity
‫ ﻫﺎﺟﺮي‬hājirī midday (adj.); excellent, outstanding
‫ ﻣﻬﺠﻮر‬mahjūr abandoned, forsaken, deserted; lonely, lonesome; in disuse,
out of use, obsolete, antiquated, archaic
‫ ﻣﻬـﺎﺟﺮ‬muhājir emigrant, émigré; ‫ اﳌﻬـﺎﺟﺮون‬those Meccans who emigrated
to Medina in the early period of Islam
‫ ﻫﺠـﺲ‬hajasa u i (hajs) to occur all of a sudden (‫ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬to s.o.), come to
s.o.’s mind (‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ ;)ﰲ‬to mumble, mutter, talk to o.s.
‫ ﻫﺠﺲ‬hajs idea, thought; foolish talk
‫ ﻫﺠﺴـﺔ‬hajsa pl. hajasāt idea, thought; notion, concept; fear, apprehension,
anxiety, concern, misgiving, scruple; pl. fixed ideas, apprehensions,
misgivings
1652
‫ ﻫﺠﺎس‬hajjās braggart, boaster, show-off

‫ ﻫـﺎﺟﺲ‬hājis pl. ‫ ﻫـﻮاﺟﺲ‬hawājis2 idea, thought; notion, concept; fear,
apprehension, anxiety, concern, misgiving, scruple; pl. fixed ideas,
apprehensions, misgivings
‫( ﻫﺠﺺ‬eg.) hagaṣ mischief, nuisance, horseplay
‫ ﻫﺠـﻊ‬haja‘a a (‫ ﻫﺠـﻮع‬hujū‘) to sleep peacefully; to be or become calm,
quiet, still; to be silenced, calm down, subside (uproar, excitement, and the
like); -- (haj‘) to appease (‫ ﻫـ‬the hunger) IV to allay, appease (‫ ﻫـ‬the hunger)
‫ ﻫﺠﻌﺔ‬haj‘a slumber
‫ ﻫﺠـﻮع‬hujū‘ slumber; lull, calming down; subsidence, abatement, letup,
remission, ebbing (e.g., of a disease)
‫ ﻣﻬﺠـﻊ‬mahja‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﺎﺟﻊ‬mahāji‘2 bed-chamber; quarters, barracks room
(Syr., mil.) | ‫رﺋـﻴﺲ اﳌﻬﺠـﻊ‬ approx.: barracks orderly, barrack sergeant (Syr.,
mil.)
‫ ﻫﺠﻞ‬hajala u (hajl) to cast amorous glances, make sheep’s eyes
‫ ﻫﺠـﻢ‬hajama u (‫ ﻫﺠـﻮم‬hujūm) to make for s.o. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, rush, pounce (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
Confidential
upon s.o.); to attack, assail, charge (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., s.th.); to raid (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to take
by surprise, capture in a surprise attack, storm (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to enter without

permission (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), force one’s way (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬into), intrude, tresspass (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
on), invade (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to keep quiet II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) attack, order s.o. (‫)ه‬
to attack III to attack, assail, charge (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to launch an attack (‫ﻫ ـ‬
on); to make for s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, rush, pounce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬upon); to raid (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to assault
(‫ ه‬s.o.), fall upon s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to intrude, trespass (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on), invade (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) IV =
II; V to fall upon (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬VI to attack one another VII to fall down, collapse
(house); to be in poor health, be frail; to flew down (tears); to shed tears
(eye)
‫ ﻫﺠﻤـﺔ‬hajma pl. hajamāt attack, charge; assault, onset, onslaught, raid,
surprise attack, coup de main; severity (of winter)| O ‫ﻫﺠﻤــﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺴــﺔ‬
(mu‘ākisa) counterattack
‫ ﻫﺠﻤﻲ‬hajmī aggressive, violent, outrageous, brutal
‫ ﻫﺠﻮم‬hajūm violent wind
1653
‫ ﻫﺠـﻮم‬hujūm attack, charge, assault, onset, onslaught, raid; offensive; fit,

attack, paroxysm (of a disease); forward line, forwards (in soccer, and the
like) | ‫ﺟﺎﻧﱯ‬‫( ﻫﺠﻮم‬jānibī) flank attack; ‫( ﻫﺠﻮم ﺟﻮي‬jawwī) air raid; ‫ﻫﺠﻮم ﻣﻀﺎد‬
(muḍādd) or ‫( ﻫﺠــﻮم ﻣﻌــﺎﻛﺲ‬mu‘ākis) counterattack; ‫ ﺧــﻂ اﳍﺠــﻮم‬kaṭṭ al-h.
forward line (in soccer, and the like); ‫ ﻗﻠﺐ اﳍﺠﻮم‬qalb al-h. the center forward
(in soccer, and the like)
‫ ﻫﺠﻮﻣﻲ‬hujūmī aggressive, offensive
‫ ﻣﻬﺎﲨـﺔ‬muhājama attack, charge; assault, onset, onslaught, raid; O police
raid, police roundup
‫ ﺠﻢ‬tahajjum pl. -āt assault, attack, raid
‫ ﻣﻬـﺎﺟﻢ‬muhājim attacker, assailant, aggressor; forward (in soccer, and the
like)
‫ ﻫﺠـﻦ‬hajuna a (‫ ﻫﺠﻨـﺔ‬hujna, ‫ ﻫﺠﺎﻧـﺔ‬hajāna, ‫ ﻫﺠﻮﻧـﺔ‬hujūna) to be incorrect or
faulty II to excoriate, flay, censure scathingly, run down, disparage (‫ ه‬s.o.)
X to consider (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) bad, wrong or improper; to disapprove (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.),
condemn, reject (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ﻫﺠﻨﺔ‬hujna fault, defect, shortcoming; meanness, baseness
‫ ﻫﺠﺎن‬hajjān pl. ‫ ﻫﺠﺎﻧﺔ‬hajjāna camel rider
‫ ﻫﺠــﲔ‬hajīn pl. ‫ ﻫﺠــﻦ‬hujun, ‫ ﻫﺠﻨــﺎء‬hujanā’2, ‫ ﻣﻬــﺎﺟﲔ‬mahājīn2, ‫ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻨــﺔ‬
mahājina low, lowly, base, ignoble, mean; -- (pl. ‫ ﻫﺠـﻦ‬hujun) racing camel,
dromedary
‫ ﻫﺠﻴﻨﺔ‬hajīna pl. ‫ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻦ‬hajā’in2 racing camel, dromedary
‫ اﺳﺘﻬﺠﺎن‬istihjān disapproval, disapprobation
‫ )ﻫﺠـﺎ )ﻫﺠـﻮ‬hajā u (hajw, ‫ ﻫﺠـﺎء‬hijā’) to ridicule, mock, satirize, disparage,
run down (‫ ه‬s.o.); to lampoon (‫ ه‬s.o.) II and V to spell (‫ ه‬s.th.) III to
compose defamatory or satiric poems (‫ ه‬against s.o.), defame, satirize,

lampoon, ridicule, mock (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to ridicule each other in satiric verse
‫ ﻫﺠـﻮ‬hajw ridiculing, scoffing; defamation, disparagement; lampoonery,
mockery, ridicule, irony; satiric poem, satire
‫ ﻫﺠﻮي‬hajwī defamatory, denigrating, disparaging, satiric
1654
‫ ﻫﺠـﺎء‬hijā’ derision, ridiculing, scoffing; satire; defamatory poem; (pl.

‫ اﻫﺠﻴﺔ‬ahjiya) spelling, successive order of letters; alphabet
‫ ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻲ‬hijā’ī alphabetical; satiric
‫ اﻫﺠﻮة‬uhjuwa and ‫ اﻫﺠﻴﺔ‬uhjīya pl. ‫ اﻫﺎﺟﻲ‬ahājīy satiric poem, lampoon
‫ ﺠﻴﺔ‬tahjiya and ‫ ﺞ‬tahajjin spelling
‫ ﻫـﺎج‬hājin spelling; defamatory, denigrating; mocker, scoffer, derider;
satirist
‫ ﻫـﺪ‬hadda u (hadd, ‫ ﻫـﺪود‬hudūd) to break, crush, break off, pull down, tear
down, raze, demolish, wreck, destroy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to undermine, sap, weaken,
ruin (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.o., s.th.); -- i (‫ ﻫﺪﻳـﺪ‬hadīd) to crash down, fall down,
collapse; -- a i (hadd) to be weak and decrepit II to threaten, menace (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬
s.o. with), scare, frighten, terrify, daunt, cow, intimidate, brow-beat (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V do. VII to be or get torn down, demolished, razed, wrecked; to fall down,
collapse, break down; to be broken down, be dilapidated, be in ruins, be a
wreck
Confidential
‫ ﻫﺪ‬hadd razing, pulling down, wrecking; demolition, destruction
‫ ﻫـﺪة‬hadda and ‫ ﻫﺪﻳـﺪ‬hadīd heavy, thudding fall; thud, crash (of s.th.
collapsing)
‫ ﻫﺪاد‬hadād slowness, gentleness; ‫ ﻫﺪادﻳﻚ‬hadādaika gently! slowly! take it
easy!
‫ ﻣﻬﺪة‬mihadda, rock crusher, jawbreaker
‫ ﺪﻳﺪ‬tahdīd pl. -āt threat, menace; intimidation | ‫ ﺪﻳـﺪ ﻟﺘﺸـﻬﲑ‬extortion by
threats of public exposure, blackmail (jur.)
‫ ﺪﻳﺪي‬tahdīdī threatening, menacing
‫ ﺪد‬tahaddud threat, menace; intimidation
‫ ﻣﻬـﺪود‬mahdūd destroyed, demolished, wrecked | ‫ ﻣﻬـﺪود اﻟﻘـﻮى‬m. al-quwā
weakened, debilitated, exhausted
‫ ﻣﻬﺪد‬muhaddid menacing, threatening; threatener, menacer
‫ ﻣﻬﺪد‬muhaddad threatened, menaced
‫ ﻫـﺪأ‬hada’a a (‫ ﻫـﺪء‬had’, ‫ ﻫـﺪوء‬hudū’) to be calm, still, quiet, tranquil; to
become calm, calm down; to subside, abate, let up, die down (storm, etc.);
to stop, halt, linger, rest, remain, stay (‫ ب‬at a place); to stop (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th., doing
1655
s.th.), cease (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬to do s.th.) | ‫روﻋـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻫـﺪأ‬rau‘uhū) to become composed, calm

down II to calm, quiet, pacify, tranquilize, appease, soothe, placate, temper,
assuage, allay (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ه‬s.o.); O to slow down, drive slowly | ‫ﻫـﺪأ‬
‫( اﻋﺼـﺎﺑﻪ‬a‘ṣābahū) to soothe the nerves; ‫( ﻫـﺪأ ﻣـﻦ روﻋـﻪ‬rau‘ihī) to reassure s.o.,
set s.o.’s mind at rest; ‫ ﻫـﺪئ روﻋـﻚ‬haddi’ rau‘aka calm down! take it easy!
don’t worry! don’t be afraid! ‫( ﻫـﺪئ ﻣـﻦ روﻋـﻚ‬rau‘ika) calm down! take it
easy! IV = II; to lull (‫ ﻫـ‬a baby) to sleep
‫ ﻫﺪء‬had’ calm(ness), quiet(ness), peace, tranquility, stillness
‫ ﻫﺪاءة‬hadā’a calm, quiet, peace, tranquility, stillness
‫ ﻫـﺪوء‬hudū’ calm(ness), quiet(ness), peace, tranquility, stillness | ‫ـﺪوء‬
calmly, quietly
‫ ﺪﺋﺔ‬tahdi’a calming, quieting, pacification, tranquilization, appeasement,
reassurance; O slowing down, slow driving
‫ ﻫـﺎدئ‬hādi’ calm, quiet, peaceful, tranquil, still | ‫ ﻫـﺎدئ اﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‬h. al-qalb
calm(ly), confident(ly); ‫ ﻫـﺎدئ اﻟﺒـﺎل‬composed(ly), with one’s mind at ease;
Confidential
‫( اﶈﻴﻂ اﳍﺎدئ‬muḥīṭ) the Pacific Ocean
‫ ﻫـﺪب‬hadaba a (hadab) to have long lashes (eye); to have long, drooping
branches (tree) II to fringe, trim with fringes (‫ ﻫـ‬a garment)
‫ ﻫـﺪب‬hadb, hudub (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﻫـﺪاب‬ahdāb eyelashes; fringes |
‫ﻫـﺪاب‬ trimmed with fringes, fringed; ‫( ﲤﺴـﻚ ﻫﺪاﺑـﻪ‬bi-ahdābihī) to be most
devoted to s.o., be at s.o.’s beck and call, be under s.o.’s thumb; ‫ﲤﺴـﻚ‬
‫ )ﺗﻌﻠﻖ( ﻫﺪاب اﻟﺸﻲء‬to adhere, cling to s.th.; ‫ اﺧﺬ ﻫـﺪاب اﻟﺸـﻲ‬to apply o.s. to,
attend to, engage in, cultivate, practice s.th.
‫ ﻫﺪب‬hadib having long lashes
‫ أﻫﺪب‬ahdab2, f. ‫ ﻫﺪ ء‬hadbā’ having long lashes
‫ ﻫﺪاب‬huddāb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬fringes; edging, border
‫ ﻫﺪج‬hadaja i (hadj, ‫ ﻫﺪﺟﺎن‬hadajān, ‫ ﻫﺪاج‬hudāj) to shamble, shuffle along,
walk with unsteady, tottering or tremulous steps (old man), totter, hobble,
limp II to make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) tremble V to tremble, quaver, shake (voice)
‫ ﻫﻮدج‬haudaj pl. ‫ ﻫﻮادج‬hawādij2 camel litter, howdah; sedan chair, litter
1656
‫ ﻫـﺪر‬hadara i (hadr, ‫ ﻫـﺪﻳﺮ‬hadīr) to peal, rumble, roll (thunder); to surge

(sea); to roar (lion); to bray (donkey, camel); to clamor, raise a din, be
noisy; to storm, rage, rant, shout, bawl, bellow (person); to snarl (in a fury);
to bubble, boil, simmer; (with ‫ )ب‬to blare s.th. out; -- u i (hadr, hadar) to be
in vain, be made to no avail (effort); to be spent uselessly (money); to be
abed in vain or with impunity (blood); -- (hadr) to shed in vain or with
impunity (‫ ﻫـ‬blood); to spend uselessly, squander, waste (‫ ﻫـ‬effort or money);
to ruin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the health) IV to regard as nonexistent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to consider
invalid (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to invalidate, void (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to thwart, foil, ruin (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻫـﺪرا‬hadran uselessly, to no avail; in vain, for nothing, futilely | ‫ذﻫـﺐ ﻫـﺪرا‬
to melt away uselessly, futilely, be spent in vain, be wasted
‫ ﻫﺪر‬hudr fall, tumble
‫ ﻫـﺪار‬haddār swirling, rushing, torrential, roaring, raging; surging (sea);
weir; spillway, millrace
‫ ﻫﺪارة‬haddāra waterfall
‫ ﻫﺪﻳﺮ‬hadīr roaring, roar; surge, raging, storming, uproar
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻬﺪر‬muhdar invalid, void
‫ ﻫـﺪف‬hadafa u (hadf) to approach (‫ اﱃ‬s.o. or s.th.). draw or be near s.o. or
s.th. (‫ ;)اﱃ‬to aim (‫ اﱃ‬at) IV to approach (‫ اﱃ‬s.o. or s.th.), draw or be near s.o.
or s.th. (‫ )اﱃ‬V to strut X to be exposed, be open (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to a danger); to be
susceptible or sensiitive (‫ ل‬to); to make (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) one’s goal or object, aim (‫ﻫـ‬
at), have before one’s eyes, have in mind (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﻫـﺪف‬hadaf pl. ‫ اﻫـﺪاف‬ahdāf target; aim, end, object, objective, purpose,
design, intention; goal (in sports) | ‫ل‬
‫ ﺟﻌﻠـﻪ ﻫـﺪﻓﺎ‬make s.o. the target or object
of …, expose s.o. to s.th.; ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻫﺪﻓﺎ ل‬to be exposed, be open to ...; O ‫أﻫﺪاف‬
‫( ﺣﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ḥarbīya) military targets
‫ ﻫﺪاف‬haddāf sharpshooter, marksman
‫ ﻫﺪﻓﺎن‬hadafān (practice) target
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺪف‬mustahdif exposed, open (‫ ل‬to s.th.)
1657
‫ ﻫﺪل‬hadala i (‫ ﻫﺪﻳﻞ‬hadīl) to coo (pigeon); -- i (hadf) to let down, let hang,

dangle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- hadila a (hadal) and V to hang loosely, dangle; to flow,
be wide and loose (garment)
‫ اﻫﺪل‬ahdal2, f. ‫ ﻫﺪﻻء‬hadlā’2, pl. ‫ ﻫﺪل‬hudl hanging down loosely, flowing
‫ ﻣﻬﺪل‬muhaddal hanging down loosely, flowing
‫ ﻫـﺪم‬hadama i (hadm) to tear down, pull down, rue, wreck, demolish,
destroy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tear up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to tear down, pull down, rue, wreck,
demolish, destroy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to tear up, blast, blow up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be torn
down, be razed, be demolished, be destroyed, be wiped out; to be
dilapidated; to fall down, break down, collapse VII do.
‫ ﻫـﺪم‬hadm razing, pulling down, wrecking (of a building); demolition,
destruction
‫ ﻫـﺪم‬hidm pl. ‫ اﻫـﺪام‬ahdām, ‫ ﻫـﺪم‬hidam old, worn garment; pl. ‫ ﻫـﺪوم‬hudūm
clothes, clothing
‫ ﻫﺪام‬haddām destructive
‫ ﻫﺪام‬hudām seasickness
Confidential
‫ ﺪﱘ‬tahdīm wrecking, demolition, destruction, annihilation
‫ ﺪم‬tahaddum fall, downfall, crash, collapse, breakdown
‫ ﻫـﺎدم‬hādim crushing, devastating, annihilating, destructive; destroyer,
demolisher
‫ ﻣﻬﺪوم‬mahdūm torn down, razed, demolished, wrecked, destroyed
‫ ﻣﻬـﺪم‬muhaddam and ‫ ﻣﺘﻬـﺪم‬mutahaddim torn down, razed, demolished,
wrecked, destroyed; in ruins, dilapidated, ramshackle, tumble-down
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺪم‬mustahdim dilapidated, tumbledown (walls)
‫ ﻫـﺪن‬hadana i (‫ ﻫـﺪون‬hudūn) to be or become quiet; to calm down, quiet
down III to conclude a truce (‫ ه‬with s.o.)
‫ ﻫﺪﻧـﺔ‬hudna pl. -āt calm(ness), quietness, peace, tranquility, stillness;
pause, intermission, cessation; truce, armistice
‫ ﻫﺪن‬hidāna truce, armistice; peace
‫ ﻫﺪون‬hudūn calm(ness), quiet(ness), peace, tranquility, stillness
‫ ﻣﻬﺎدﻧﺔ‬muhādana conclusion of a truce, truce negotiations
‫ ﻫﺪﻫﺪ‬hadhada to rock, dandle (‫ ه‬a child)
1658
‫ ﻫﺪﻫﺪ‬hudhud pl. ‫ ﻫﺪاﻫﺪ‬hadāhid2 hoopoe (zool.)

‫ ﻫـﺪى‬hadā i (hady, ‫ ﻫـﺪى‬hudan, ‫ ﻫﺪاﻳـﺔ‬hidāya) to lead (‫ ه‬s.o.) on the right
way, guide (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫـ‬on a course); to guide, show, direct (‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. to), show
(‫ ه‬s.o.) the way (‫ اﱃ‬to); to lead (‫ ه‬s.o., to the true faith); to supply, bring,
procure (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); -- i (‫ ﻫـﺪاء‬hidā’) to bring, load, conduct (‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬the bride to
the bridegroom) III to exchange presents (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to bring, lead,
conduct (‫ﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬the bride to the bridegroom); to give as a present (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. to s.o.), present (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), make s.o. (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ )ل‬a present of
(‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to dedicate (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.), confer, bestow, award (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., an
order); to send, convey, transmit (‫ ﻫـ ه‬to s.o. s.th.) V to be rightly guided, be
led well; to get (‫ اﱃ‬to), reach (‫ اﱃ‬a place, s.th.) VI to make each other
presents, exchange presents; to exchange among each other (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also
‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻴـﺔ‬at-taḥīya to exchange greetings, greet or salute each other); to guide,
Confidential
load, conduct, take, bring (‫ ه‬s.o.); to sway to and fro, swing rhythmically (in
walking); to walk with a swinging gait; to stride; to move forward. Move
on, advance; to get (‫ اﱃ‬to), reach (‫ اﱃ‬a place); to get as far as (‫)اﱃ‬, penetrate
(‫ اﱃ‬to); to flock (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), rally (‫ اﱃ‬around s.o.) VIII to be rightly guided,
be led on the right way; to be led, be shown, be taken (‫اﱃ‬, J to); to find the
way (‫ اﱃ‬to); to find, detect, discover (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), come upon s.th. (‫ ;)اﱃ‬to hit
upon s.th. (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ل‬, e.g., an idea), be made aware, think (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬of), arrive
(‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ل‬at); to be led back, find one’s way back (‫ اﱃ‬to the true faith, ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
away from evil); to be guided (‫ ب‬by s.o.), take (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) as an
example or model, follow s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬load X to ask to be rightly guided, pray
for divine guidance, seek the right way
‫ ﻫـﺪي‬hady guidance, direction; way, road, course, direction; manner,
mode, fashion
‫ ﻫﺪى‬hudan right guidance (esp., in a religious sense); guiding, leading (of
s.o.); right way. true religion | ‫ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺪى‬ to be on the right way; to
1659
embrace the true religion; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﲑ ﻫـﺪى‬aimlessly, at random; ‫ﺳـﺎر ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ ﻫﺪى‬to wander aimlessly
‫ ﻫﺪﻳـﺔ‬hadya, hidya (line of) conduct, procedure, policy, course, way,
direction; manner, mode, fashion
‫ ﻫﺪﻳﺔ‬hadīya pl. ‫ ﻫﺪا‬hadāyā gift, present, donation; offering, sacrifice
‫ ﻫﺪاﻳـﺔ‬hidāya guidance | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﲑ ﻫﺪاﻳـﺔ‬without divine guidance, aimlessly,
at random
‫ اﻫﺪى‬ahdā better guided; more correct, more proper, better
‫ اﻫ ــﺪاء‬ihdā’ presentation; donation, grant(ing); award, bestowal,
conferment; dedication (of a book)
‫ ﻫﺎد‬hādin pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻫﺪاة‬hudāh leading, guiding; leader, guide
‫ ﻣﻬﺪي‬mahdīy rightly guided; Mahdi
‫ ﻣﻬﺘﺪ‬muhtadin rightly guided
‫ ﻫـﺬا‬hādā (dem. pron.), f. ‫ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬hādihī, ‫ ﻫـﺬي‬hādī, pl. ‫ ﻫـﺆﻻء‬hā’ulā’i, dual m.
‫ ﻫـﺬان‬hādāni, f. ‫ ﻫـﺎ ن‬hātāni this one, this | ‫ـﺬا‬ bi-hādā hereby, herewith; ‫ﳍـﺬا‬
Confidential
li-hādā therefore, for this reason; ‫ﻫﺬا‬
‫ ﻣﻊ‬herewith; in spite of it, nevertheless;
‫( ﻫــﺬا اﱃ ان‬ilā an) besides, moreover, furthermore, what’s more; ‫ﻫــﺬا و‬
besides, moreover, furthermore, what’s more; on the other hand; ‫ﻫـﺬا وﻳﻮﺟـﺪ‬
(yūjadu) besides, there is ...
‫ ﻫـﺬب‬hadaba i (hadb) to prune, trim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to clean. purify, cleanse,
smooth (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), polish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., also fig., e.g., the style) II do.; to improve,
refine (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to rectify, set right, correct (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to check, revise (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to bring up (‫ ه‬a child); to educate, instruct (‫ ه‬s.o.) V pass. of II
‫ ـﺬﻳﺐ‬tadīb expurgation, emendation, correction; rectification; revision;
training; instruction; education, upbringing; culture, refinement
‫ ــﺬﻳﱯ‬tahdībī of or pertaining to education, educational, educative;
instructive, didactic
‫ ﺬب‬tahaddub upbringing, manners, education
‫ ﻣﻬﺬب‬muhaddib teacher, educator
‫ ﻣﻬـﺬب‬muhaddab well-mannered, well-bred, refined, polished, urbane,
cultured, educated, well-behaved, polite, courteous
1660
‫ ﻣﺘﻬـﺬب‬mutahaddib well-mannered, well-bred, refined, polished, urbane,

cultured, educated, well-behaved, polite, courteous
‫ ﻫـﺬر‬hadara u i (hadr) to prattle, babble, prate, talk nonsense; to blurt out,
blab (‫ ب‬s.th.) II to joke, make fun, jest
‫ ﻫﺬر‬hadr prattle, babble, idle talk; raillery, taunting words
‫ ﻫﺬر‬hadar prattle, babble, idle talk; mockery, scoffing
‫ ﻫﺬر‬hadir prattling, garrulous
‫ ﻫﺬرم‬hadrama to babble, jabber, prattle, prate
‫ ﻫﺬﻟﻮل‬hudlūl pl. ‫ ﻫﺬاﻟﻴﻞ‬hadālīl2 elevation, hillock; little river, small stream
‫ ﺧﻂ ﻫﺬﻟﻮﱄ‬kaṭṭ hudlūlī hyperbola (math.)
‫ ﻫﺬى‬hadā i (hady, ‫ ﻫﺬ ن‬hadayān) to talk irrationally, rave, be delirious
‫ ﻫﺬاء‬hudā’ raving, irrational talk, delirium
‫ ﻫـﺬ ن‬hadayān senseless jabber, rigmarole, raving, drivel, delirium; state
of absennt-mindedness; folly; madness, insanity, mania, craze; hallucination
‫ ﻫﺎذ‬hādin delirious, raving
Confidential
‫ ﻫﺮ‬harra i (‫ ﻫﺮﻳﺮ‬harīr) to growl; to whimper, whine
‫ ﻫﺮ‬hirr pl. ‫ ﻫﺮرة‬hirara tomcat; cat
‫ ﻫﺮة‬hirra pl. ‫ ﻫﺮر‬hirar cat
‫ ﻫﺮﻳـﺮ‬harīr growling, growl; yelping, whining, whimper(ing); spitting (of a
cat)
‫ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة‬huraira kitten
‫ ﻫﺮأ‬hara’a a to tear, lacerate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wear out, wear off (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a garment);
to affect strongly, beset grievously, try, wear out, harm, hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
irritate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the skin); to he hitingly cold (wind) II to cook too much, overdo
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬meat) IV = II; V to he overdone (meat); to he tom, lacerated VIII to he

tom, lacerated, mangled, torn to pieces; to be worn out, shabby
‫ ﻫﺮاء‬hurā’ prattle, idle talk
‫ ﻣﻬـﱰئ‬muhtari’ overdone, boiled to shreds; torn, lacerated, mangled; worn
out, shabby
‫ ﻫﺮب‬haraba u (harab, ‫ ﻫﺮوب‬hurūb, ‫ ﻣﻬﺮب‬mahrab, ‫ ﻫﺮ ن‬harabān) to flee (‫اﱃ‬
to); to escape (‫ ﻣﻦ‬a danger); to desert; to run away, elope (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with) II to help
1661
(‫ ه‬s.o.) to escape; to force to flee, put to flight (‫ ه‬s.o.); to liberate, free (‫ ه‬a
prisoner) ; to rescue (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a distrained or impounded thing; jur.); to engage in
illicit trade, to traffic; to smuggle V to escape, elude (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to shirk,
dodge, evade (‫ ﻣﻦ‬a duty, or the like)
‫ ﻫﺮب‬harab flight, escape, getaway; desertion; elopement
‫ ﻫﺮوب‬hurūb flight
‫ ﻫـﺮ ن‬harbān fugitive, runaway, on the run; a runaway, a fugitive, a
refugee
‫ ﻫﺮاب‬harrāb coward
‫ ﻣﻬـﺮب‬mahrab pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﺎرب‬mahārib2 (place of) refuge, retreat, sanctuary;
flight, escape, getaway | ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫( ﻻ ﻣﻬﺮب‬mahraba) inescapable, unavoidable
‫ ﺮﻳﺐ‬tahrīb illicit trade, trafficking; smuggling, smuggle, contrabandism
‫ ﻫﺎرب‬hārib fugitive, runaway, on the run; a runaway, a fugitive, a refugee;
deserter; see also alphabetically
‫ ﻣﻬﺮب‬muharrib illicit dealer, trafficker; smuggler
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻬﺮب‬muharrab pl. -āt smuggled goods, contraband
‫ ﻫـﺮج‬haraja i (harj) to he excited, agitated, in commotion II to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) drunk, befuddle, cloud, fog, blur (‫ ه‬s.o.’s mind or perceptions); to joke,
make fun, jest (‫ ﰲ‬in conversation)

‫ ﻫـﺮج‬harj excitement, agitation, commotion; disorder, muddle, confusion |
‫( ﻫﺮج وﻣﺮج‬wa-marj) turmoil, confusion, chaos
‫ ﻣﻬﺮج‬muharrij jester, clown, buffoon
‫ ﻫﺮﺟﻠﺔ‬harjala chaos, muddle, confusion
‫ ﻫﺮدﺑﺸﺖ‬hardabašt buncombe, nonsense; trash, rubbish, junk
‫ ﻫـﺮس‬harasa u (hars) to crush, mash, squash, bruise, pound (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
tenderize by beating, pound until tender (‫ ﻫـ‬meat)
‫ ﻫـﺮس‬harīsa a dish of meat and bulgur; (eg.) a sweet pastry made of flour,
melted butter and sugar
‫ ﻫﺮاس‬harrās pl. -āt steamroller
O ‫ﻫﺮاﺳﺔ‬ ‫ آﻟﺔ‬āla harrāsa steamroller
1662
‫ ﻣﻬﺮاس‬mihrās pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﺎرﻳﺲ‬mahārīs2 mortar

‫ ﻫـﺮش‬II to sow dissension (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between, among) III to quarrel, wrangle (‫ه‬
with); to dally, joke, banter (‫ ه‬with)
‫ ﻫـﺮش‬harš scratching; wear and tear, attrition, depreciation (of tools,
machinery, etc.)
‫ ﻫﺮاش‬hirāš quarrel, wrangle
‫ ﻣﻬﺮوش‬mahrūš worn out, battered
‫ ﻫﺮﻃﻖ‬harṭaqa to become a heretic
‫ ﻫﺮﻃﻘﺔ‬haṭaqa heresy
‫ ﻫﺮﻃﻮﻗﻲ‬harṭūqī pl. ‫ ﻫﺮاﻃﻘﺔ‬harāṭiqa heretic (Chr.)
‫ ﻫﺮاﻃﻘﻲ‬harāṭiqī heretic (Chr.)
‫ ﻫﺮﻃﻤﺎن‬harṭamān a brand of oats
‫ ﻫـﺮع‬hara‘a a (hara‘) and pass. huri‘a to hurry, hasten, rush (‫ اﱃ‬to) II pass.
hurri‘a and IV ahra‘a do.
‫ ﻫﺮع‬hara‘ hurry, haste, rush
Confidential
‫ ﻫﺮاع‬hurā‘ hurry, haste, rush
‫ ﻫـﺮف‬harafa i (harf) to praise excessively, shower with extravagant praise
(‫ ب‬s.th.
or s.o.)
‫ ﻫﺮق‬haraqa a (harq) to shed, spill (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) IV do.; to sacrifice (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻬﺮاق‬muhrāq poured out, spilled
‫ ﻣﻬﺮﻗﺎن‬mahraqān, muhraqān, muhruqān shore, coast; ocean
‫ اﻫﺮاق‬ihrāq shedding, spilling | ‫ اﻫﺮاق اﻟﺪﻣﺎء‬i. ad-dimā’ bloodshed
‫ ﻣﻬـﺮق‬muhraq spilled, shed; -- (pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﺎرق‬mahāriq2) parchment; O wax
paper
‫ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ‬hiraql2, hirqil2 Heraclius (Byzantine emperor); Hercules
‫ ﻫـﺮم‬harima a (haram, ‫ ﻣﻬـﺮم‬mahram, ‫ ﻣﻬﺮﻣـﺔ‬mahrama) to become senile and
decrepit II to mince, chop (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻫﺮم‬haram decrepitude, senility; old age
‫ ﻫﺮم‬haram pl. ‫ اﻫﺮام‬ahrām, ‫ اﻫﺮاﻣﺎت‬ahrāmāt pyramid | O ‫ ﻫﺮم ﻗﺺ‬frustum of
pyramid, truncated pyramid (math.)
1663
‫ ﻫﺮﻣﻲ‬haramī pyramidlike, pyramidical, pyramidal

‫ اﻫﺮاﻣﻲ‬ahrāmī pyramidlike, pyramidical, pyramidal
‫ ﻫﺮم‬harim decrepit, senile; advanced in years, aged, old; old man
‫ ﻫﺮﻣﺲ‬harmasa to he grave, stern, gloomy (face)
‫ ﻫﺮﻣﻮن‬hormōn pl. -āt hormone
‫ ﻫﺮﻫﺮ‬harhara to move, shake (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to attack (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
1‫)ﻫﺮو‬ ‫ )ﻫﺮا‬harā u (harw) to cane, thrash, wallop (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻫﺮاوة‬harāwa pl. ‫ ﻫﺮاوى‬harāwa stick, cane; cudgel, truncheon, club
2‫ ﻫﺮاة‬harāh Herat (city in NW Afghanistan)
‫ ﻫﺮوي‬harawī of Herat
‫ ﻫﺮول‬harwala to walk fast; to burry, hasten, rush (‫ اﱃ‬to)
‫ ﻫﺮوﻟﺔ‬harwala quick pace, haste, hurry
‫ ﻣﻬﺮول‬muharwal hurrying, speeding; in a hurry
‫ ﻫﺮي‬hury pl. ‫ اﻫﺮاء‬ahrā’ granary
Confidential
‫ ﻫﺎر‬hārin reeling, tottering, unsteady
‫ ﻫـﺰ‬hazza u (hazz) to shake (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to swing, brandish, wave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
lance or sword); to jolt to and fro, jog, rook (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
tremble; to convulse, shake, rock, upset, sway (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻫﺰ ﻛﺘﻔﻴﻪ‬katifaihi) to
shrug (one’s shoulders); ‫( ﻫـﺰ رأﺳـﻪ‬ra’sahū) to nod, shake one’s head; ‫ﻫـﺰ ذﻳﻠـﻪ‬
(dailahū) to wag its tail II to shake, swing, brandish, wave (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be
moved, agitated, shaken, jolted, upset, convulsed, receive a shock; to move,
stir, shake, sway, swing, vibrate, oscillate VIII do.; to tremble, quake,
quiver; to be moved, touched, deeply affected (‫ ل‬by ); to rock (rider on a
camel) | ‫ﻻ ﺘـﺰ ﻟـﻪ ﻛﺜـﲑا‬ this won’t affect us greatly, this is not likely to
disconcert us, this will hardly cause us any headache; ‫( اﻫﺘـﺰ ﻓﺮﺣـﺎ‬faraḥan) to
tremble with joy; ‫ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫( اﻫﺘﺰ اﻟﻴﻪ‬qalbuhū) to be elated by s.th.
‫ ﻫـﺰة‬hazza (n. vic.) pl. -āt motion, movement, stir, commotion, agitation;
convulsion; jolt, jog, push; O (electric) shook; vibration, oscillation; tremor,
shake | ‫ارﺿـﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﻫـﺰة‬arḍīya) seismic shock, earthquake; ‫ اﻟﻔـﺮح‬،‫)ﻫـﺰة اﻟﺴـﺮور )اﻟﻄـﺮب‬
(ṭarab, faraḥ) joyous excitement, delight, rapture
‫ ﻫﺰة‬hizza liveliness, vivacity, high spirits
1664
‫ ﻫ ـﺰاز‬hazzāz shaking, jolting; rocking; rolling, swinging; shaker (in

concrete construction, for coal, and the like)
‫ ﻫﺰﻳﺰ‬hazīz bluster(ing), sough (of the wind); rumbling, roll (of thunder)
‫ ﻣﻬﺰة‬mahazza excitement, agitation
‫ ﺰﻳﺰ‬tahzīz movement, agitation, shaking
‫ اﻫﺘـﺰاز‬ihtizāz convulsion, shock; trembling, shaking, tremor; swinging,
oscillation, vibration; excitement, agitation, commotion, emotion
‫ اﻫﺘﺰازة‬ihtizāza (n. vic.) tremor, vibration
‫ ﻣﻬﺘﺰ‬muhtazz trembling, tremulous, shaking, quivering
‫ ﻫـﺰأ‬haza’a, ‫ ﻫـﺰئ‬hazi’a a (‫ ﻫـﺰء‬haz’, huz’, ‫ ﻫـﺰؤ‬huzu’, ‫ ﻫـﺰوء‬huzū’, ‫ﻣﻬـﺰأة‬
mahza’a) to scoff, jeer, sneer, laugh (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or‫ ب‬at), make fun (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬of),
deride, ridicule, mock (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or s.o.) V and X to deride, mock (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬s.o.,
s.th., also ‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﻫﺰء‬haz’, huz’ and ‫ ﻫﺰؤ‬huzu’ derision, scorn, disdain, contempt; mockery

‫ ﻫﺰﺋﻲ‬huz’ī mocking, derisive
Confidential
‫ ﻫﺰأة‬haz’a object of ridicule, butt of derision, laughingstock
‫ ﻫﺰأة‬huza’a mocker, sarcast; scorner, disdainer, despiser
‫ ﻣﻬـﺰأة‬mahza’a derision, loom, disdain, contempt; mockery; scornful
laughter, sneer
‫ اﺳـﺘﻬﺰاء‬istihzā’ mockery, ridicule, derision, scorn | ‫ ﺳـﺘﻬﺰاء‬mockingly,
derisively
‫ ﻫﺎزئ‬hāzi’ mocker, scoffer
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺰئ‬mustahzi’ mocker, scoffer
‫ ﻫﺰﺑﺮ‬hizabr, hizbar pl. ‫ ﻫﺰاﺑﺮ‬hazābir2 lion
‫ ﻫﺰج‬hazija a to sing
‫ ﻫﺰج‬hazaj name of a poetic meter
‫ اﻫﺰوﺟﺔ‬uhzūja pl. ‫ اﻫﺎزﻳﺞ‬ahāzīj2 song
1‫ ﻫﺰر‬hazara i (hazr) to laugh II (eg.) to joke, make fun, jest
‫ ﻫﺰار‬hizār (eg.) joking, jesting, fun-making
2‫ ﻫﺰار‬hazār pl. -āt nightingale
‫ ﻫﺰع‬haza’a a (haz’), to hurry, be quick V do.
1665
‫ ﻫﺰع‬hazī’ part of the night

‫ ﻫﺰل‬hazala i (hazl, huzl), hazila a (hazal) and pass. huzila to be emaciated,
lean, skinny; to loss weight, become lean, skinny, emaciated; -- hazala i
(hazl) to joke, talk lightly, jokingly; to cause to lose weight, make lean,
emaciate, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to emaciate, waste away, enervate (‫ ه‬s.o.) III
to joke, make fun, jest (‫ ه‬with s.o.) IV to emaciate, waste away, enervate (‫ه‬
s.o.) VII to be or become lean
‫ ﻫﺰل‬had joking, jesting, fun
‫ ﻫﺰﱄ‬hazlī jocular, funny, amusing, droll, humorous; humoristic; comical
‫ ﻫﺰﻟﻴﺔ‬hazlīya or ‫ رواﻳﺔ ﻫﺰﻟﻴﺔ‬comedy (theat.)
‫ ﻫﺰل‬hazil joker, jester, funnyman, wag, wit
‫ ﻫﺰال‬huzāl emaciation; leanness, skinniness
‫ ﻫﺰال‬hazzāl joker, jester, funnyman, wag, wit
‫ ﻫﺰﻳﻞ‬hazīl pl. ‫ ﻫﺰﱃ‬hazlā lean, skinny, emaciated
‫ ﻣﻬﺰﻟﺔ‬mahzala pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻬﺎزل‬mahāzil2 comedy
Confidential
‫ ﻫـﺎزل‬hāzil joking, jocose, jocular, funny, humorous, amusing; joker, wag,
wit | ‫ﻫﺎزﻟﺔ‬
‫( ﺻﺤﻒ‬ṣuḥuf) funnies, comics
‫ ﻣﻬـﺰول‬mahzūl pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﺎزﻳـﻞ‬mahāzīl2 emaciated,
weak, feeble
wasted, haggard, gaunt;
‫ ﻫﺰم‬hazama i (hazm) to put to flight, rout, vanquish, defeat (‫ ه‬the enemy);

to put out of action, neutralize (‫ ه‬an opponent) VII to be defeated, be
routed, be put to flight
‫ ﻫﺰم‬hazm vanquishing, routing; defeat
‫ ﻫـﺰﱘ‬hazīma roll of thunder, rumbling, rumble, thunder; fleeing, fugitive,
in flight, on the run
‫ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ‬hazīma pl. ‫ ﻫﺰاﺋﻢ‬hazā’im2 defeat, rout | O ‫ روح اﳍﺰﳝﺔ‬rūḥ al-h. defeatism
‫ ا ﺰام‬inhizām (suffering of) defeat, frustration; rout, (disorganized) flight
‫ ا ﺰاﻣﻲ‬inhizāmī pl. -ūn defeatist
‫ ا ﺰاﻣﻴﺔ‬inhizāmīya defeatism
‫ ﻫﺰﻫـﺰ‬hazhaza to move, agitate, shake, jolt, shock, convulse, upset (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.) II tahazhaza to be moved, agitated, shaken, convulsed, upset,
receive a shock
1666
‫ ﻫﺰﻫـﺰة‬hazhaza pl. ‫ ﻫﺰاﻫـﺰ‬hazāhiz2 movement, agitation, shock, convulsion,

commotion, disturbance
‫ ﻫﺲ‬hass i (hass) to whisper
‫ ﻫﺲ‬hass whisper, whispering; soliloquy
‫ ﻫﺲ‬huss hush! quiet! silence!
‫ ﻫﺴﻴﺲ‬hasīs whisper, whispering sound
‫ ﻫﺴﺘﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬histōlōjiyā histology
‫ ﻫﺴﺘﲑ‬and ‫ ﻫﻴﺴﺘﲑ‬histēriyā hysteria
‫ ﻫﻴﺴﺘﲑي‬histērī hysteric(al)
1‫ ﻫﺶ‬hašša i (‫ ﻫﺸﻮﺷﺔ‬hušūša) to be crisp (bread) -- u i (‫ ﻫﺸﺎش‬hašāš, ‫ﻫﺸﺎﺷـﺔ‬
hašāša) to be in good spirits, display a cheerful mien, wear a smile; to smile
(‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬at s.o.), meet s.o. (‫ ل‬or ‫ )ب‬in a courteous, amiable manner, receive
s.o. kindly; to cheer up (‫ ل‬over or because of), be delighted (‫ ل‬by); -- u to

drive away, chase away (‫ ﻫ ـ‬flies, and the like); -- u i (hašš) to chop off ( ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ ﻫـ‬leaves for the cattle) II to cheer up, enliven (‫ ه‬s.o.), raise s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬spirits
Confidential
‫ ﻫـﺶ‬hašš delicate, fragile; crisp, brittle, crumbly, friable; fresh and soft;
gay, cheerful, happy, lively, brisk
‫ ﻫﺸﺎش‬haššāš soft, crumbly, friable
‫ ﻫﺸﻴﺶ‬hašīš soft
‫ ﻫﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬hašāša gaiety, cheerfulness, happiness
‫ ﻫـﺎش‬hāšš crisp, blithe, cheerful, bright-faced | ‫( ﻫـﺎش ش‬bāšš) gay and
happy
2‫ ﻫﺶ‬hušš hush! quiet! silence!
‫ ﻫﺸـﻢ‬hašama i (hašm) and II to destroy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to smash (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to

crush (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V and VII to be or get smashed, destroyed
‫ ﻫﺸﻴﻢ‬hašīm frail, fragile; dry stalks, straw, chaff
‫ ﻫﺎﴰﻲ‬hāšimī Hashemite
‫ ﻣﻬﺸﻢ‬muhaššam destroyed (city); crushed
‫ ﻫﺼﺮ‬haṣara i (haṣr) to pull toward o.s., bend down (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., a branch);
to produce a crack or break (‫ ﻫـ‬in), crack, break (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻫﺼﻮر‬haṣūr epithet of the lion
1667
‫ ﻫﺾ‬haḍḍa u (haḍḍ) to walk fast, move briskly, advance, progress, get on

‫ ﻫﻀﺐ‬haḍaba i (haḍb) to be long-winded, verbose
‫ ﻫﻀﺒﺔ‬haḍba pl. ‫ ﻫﻀﺎب‬hiḍāb hill, elevation, mountain
‫ ﻫﻀـﻢ‬haḍama i (haḍm) to digest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the food; of the stomach); to oppress,
terrorize, outrage, wrong, treat with injustice (‫ ه‬s.o.); to stand, bear, endure
(‫ ه‬s.o.); to stomach (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), put up with s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬VII to be digested VIII to
oppress, wrong (‫ ه‬s.o.), do (‫ ه‬s.o.) an injustice
‫ ﻫﻀـﻢ‬haḍm digestion; patience, long-suffering | ‫ ﻫﻀـﻢ اﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬forbearance,
compliance, indulgence; ‫اﳍﻀﻢ‬ ‫ ﺳﻬﻞ‬sahl al-h. easily digestible, light
‫ ﻫﻀﻤﻲ‬haḍmī digestive, alimentary
‫ ﻫﻀﻮم‬haḍūm digestible, agreeing, wholesome
‫ ﻫﻀـﻴﻢ‬haḍīm digested; digestible; oppressed, terrorized, outraged; slender,
slim
‫ ﻫﻀ ــﻴﻤﺔ‬ha4ima encroachment, inroad, injustice, wrong, outrage,
Confidential
oppression
‫ ا ﻀﺎم‬inhiḍām digestion; digestibility
‫ ﻣﻬﻀﻮم‬mahḍūm digested; digestible; oppressed, terrorized, outraged
‫ ﻫﻄﻊ‬IV to protrude the neck (in walking) | ‫‘( اﻫﻄﻊ ﰲ اﻟﻌﺪو‬adw) to run fast
‫ ﻫﻄـﻞ‬haṭala i (haṭl, ‫ ﻫﻄـﻼن‬haṭalān, ‫ ﻄـﺎل‬tahṭāl) to flow in torrents, fall
heavily, pour down (rain) VI do.
‫ ﻫﻄﻞ‬hiṭl wolf
‫ ﻫﻄﻮل‬huṭūl: ‫ ﻫﻄﻮل اﻷﻣﻄﺎر‬h. al-amṭār downpour, heavy rain
‫ ﻫﻴﻄﻞ‬haiṭal pl. ‫ ﻫﻴﺎﻃﻠﺔ‬hayāṭila, ‫ ﻫﻴﺎﻃﻞ‬hayāṭil2 fox
‫ ﻫـﻒ‬haffa i (‫ ﻫﻔﻴـﻒ‬hafīf) to pass swiftly, flit put; to flash; to brush, touch
lightly; -- i (haff, hafīf) to blow, whiffle, sough (wind); to spread, waft
(fragrance) | ‫ﻫﻔــﺖ ﻧﻔﺴــﻪ اﱃ‬ (nafsuhū) he yearned for …; ‫ﻫــﻒ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻟــﻪ‬ it
occurred to him all of a sudden, it flashed across his mind
‫ ﻫﻒ‬hiff empty; light, light-headed, thoughtless, frivolous
‫ ﻫﻔـﺎف‬haffāf flashing, sparkling, shining; blowing (wind); light, fleeting;
thin and transparent, diaphanous
‫ اﳍﻔﻮف‬al-hufūf Hofuf (chief town of al-Hasa district in E Saudi Arabia)
1668
‫ ﻣﻬﻔﺔ‬mahaffa fan; feather duster

‫ ﻣﻬﻔﻮف‬mahfūf light-headed, irresponsible, reckless, unscrupulous
‫ ﻫﻔـﺖ‬hafata i (haft, ‫ ﻫﻔـﺎت‬hufāt) to fall down, collapse; to be nonsensical,
absurd; to talk nonsense VI to pounce, rush, fall, plunge (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on or into); to
crowd in (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), throng, flock (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), tumble one over the other, fall all
over themselves; to suffer a breakdown; to cave in, collapse, break down; to
be broken, wrecked,
ruined (nerves)
‫ ﻫﻔﺘﺎن‬haftān (eg.) weak, exhausted, spent, weakened
‫ ﺎﻓﺖ‬tahāfut collapse, breakdown | ‫ ﺎﻓﺖ اﻷﻋﺼﺎب‬nervous breakdown
‫ ﻫﺎﻓﺖ‬hāfit wrong, erroneous (opinion)
‫ ﻣﻬﻔﻮت‬mahfūt baffled, startled, perplexed
‫ اﳍﺎﻓﺮ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻫﻔﻬـﻒ‬hafhafa to be slender, slim; to float in the air II tahafhafa to be
slender, slim
‫ ﻫﻔﻬﻔﺔ‬hafhafa sough, whispering of the wind
Confidential
‫ ﻫﻔﻬﺎف‬hafhāf slender, slim, svelte; slight, frail, delicate; thin, sparse (e.g.,
beard); diaphanous, transparent, gossamery; light, weightless, defying
gravity; flowing, waving, fluttering
‫ ﻣﻬﻔﻬﻒ‬muhafhif slender, slim, svelte; thin
‫ ) )ﻫﻔـﻮ(ﻫﻔـﺎ‬hafā u (hafw, ‫ ﻫﻔـﻮة‬hafwa, ‫ ﻫﻔـﻮان‬hafawan) to slip, commit a
lapse, make a mistake; to err; to be weak with hunger, famished, starved; to
hurry, rush (‫ اﱃ‬to); to reach quickly (‫ اﱃ‬for s.th.), snatch (‫ اﱃ‬at s.th.); with
‫ب‬: to induce s.o. (‫ اﱃ‬to), tempt s.o. to do s.th. (‫ اﱃ(; )ﻫﻔـﻮ‬hafw, hufuw) to
flutter, fly, float in the air; to throb violently, beat feverishly, flutter, be
passionately excited, be impassioned (heart; esp., with love); to feel a desire,
yearn (‫ اﱃ‬for)
‫ ﻫﻔﻮة‬hafwa pl. hafawāt slip, lapse, error, mistake, fault, offense, sin
‫ ﻫﺎف‬hāfin famished, starved
‫ ﻫﻜﺘﺎر‬hiktār pl. -āt hectare
‫ ﻫﻜﺬا‬hākadā so, thus, this way, in this manner
‫ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ‬look up alphabetically
1669
‫ ﻫﻜــﻢ‬V to be dilapidated, ramshackle, tumble-down, to fall down,

collapse; to mock, scoff; to make fun (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ه‬of s.o.), ridicule,
deride, jeer (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬,‫ ب‬s.o.); to be annoyed (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬by), regret (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ اﻫﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬uhkūma derision, mockery, taunt, gibe
‫ ﻜﻢ‬tahakkum mockery, derision, scorn, irony; sarcasm
‫ ﻜﻤﻲ‬tahakkumī mocking, derisive, sarcastic, scornful
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﻜﻢ‬mutahakkim mocking, ironical
1‫ ﻫـﻞ‬hal interrogative particle introducing direct and indirect question;
also preceding the first part of an alternative question: ‫ أم‬-- ‫ ﻫـﻞ‬hal -- am

whether -- or
‫ ﻫﻼ‬hallā = ‫ ﻫﻞ ﻻ‬is (or does) not ...? why not?
2‫ ﻫـﻞ‬halla i (hall) to appear, come up, show (new moon); to begin, let in
(month) II to say the words lā ilāha illā llāh; to shout with joy, rejoice, exult,
jubilate; to applaud, acclaim, cheer (‫ ل‬s.o.) IV to appear (new moon); to
cheer, exult; to offer up (‫ب‬ ‫ ل‬an animal to a deity) V to shine, gleam, glow,
Confidential
be radiant; to beam with joy (face); to be delighted, jubilant; to cheer.
rejoice, exult, jubilate VII to fall heavily, pour down (rain); to begin (‫ﰲ‬
with), take up, undertake, tackle, attack (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.), embark (‫ ﰲ‬upon) X to
begin, set in (new month); to raise one’s voice; to intone, strike up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
tune); to begin, start (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a task); to open, begin, introduce, initiate (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ب‬s.th.
with or by)
‫ ﻫـﻼل‬hilāl pl. ‫ اﻫﻠـﺔ‬ahilla, ‫ اﻫﺎﻟﻴـﻞ‬ahālīl2 new moon; half-moon, crescent;
parenthesis; any crescent-shaped object
‫ ﻫﻼﱄ‬hilālī lunar; crescent-shaped, lunate, sickle-shaped
‫ ﻫﻠﻞ‬halal fright, terror, dismay
‫ ﻠﻴـﻞ‬tahlīl pl. ‫ ﺎﻟﻴـﻞ‬tahālīl2 utterance of the formula lā ilāha illā llāh;
rejoicing, exultation, jubilation; applause, acclamation, acclaim, cheering,
cheers
‫ ﻠﻞ‬tahallul joy, jubilation, exultation
‫ اﺳﺘﻬﻼل‬istihlāl beginning, opening, introduction, initiation
‫ اﺳﺘﻬﻼﱄ‬istihlālī incipient, initial, starting, opening, introductory, initiative
‫ ﻣﻬﻠﻞ‬muhallal crescent-shaped, lunate
1670
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﻠﻞ‬mutahallil jubilant, rejoicing, exultant; radiant, beaming

‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻞ‬mustahall beginning, start, outset
‫ ﻫﻠﺐ‬haliba a (halab) to be hairy, covered with hair
‫ ﻫﻠﺐ‬halib hairy, covered with hair; shaggy, hirsute
‫ ﻫﻠﺐ‬hulb (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬hair, bristles
‫ ﻫﻠﺐ‬hilb pl. ‫ اﻫﻼب‬ahlāb anchor, grapnel, grappling iron, boat hook
‫ اﻫﻠﺐ‬ahlab2, f. ‫ ﻫﻠﺒﺎء‬halbā’2, pl. ‫ ﻫﻠﺐ‬hulb hairy, hirsute, shaggy
‫ ﻫﻼﺑﺔ‬hulāba lochia (med.)
‫ ﻣﻬﻠﺒﻴـﺔ‬muhallabīya a dessert resembling blancmange, made of rice flour,
milk and sugar
‫ ﻫﻠـﻴﻠﺞ‬halīlaj and ‫ اﻫﻠـﻴﻠﺞ‬ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic (fruit of Phyllanthus
emblica L.; bot.); ellipse (geom.)
‫ اﻫﻠﻴﻠﺠﻲ‬ihlīlajī elliptic(al)
1‫ ﻫﻠـﺲ‬halasa i (hals) to emaciate, consume, waste away (‫ ه‬s.o.; of a
disease); pass. hulisa to be consumptive, suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis
Confidential
II to waste away, become lean, emaciated, haggard; to talk nonsense IV to
smile
‫ ﻫﻠ ــﺲ‬hals emaciation, wasting away; pulmonary tuberculosis,
consumption, phthisis; nonsense, bosh, silly talk
2 ‫ﻫﻠﻮﺳﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻫﻠﺴﻨﻜﻲ‬helsinkī Helsinki (capital of Finland)
‫ ﻫﻠﻊ‬hali‘a a (hala‘) to be impatient or restless, be anxious, be in despair
‫ ﻫﻠـﻊ‬hala‘ impatience, restlessness, uneasiness; fear, burning anxiety;
alarm, dismay
‫ ﻫﻠﻊ‬hal‘ impatient, restless, uneasy, anxious; dismayed, appalled
‫ ﻫﻠﻮع‬halū‘ impatient, restless, uneasy, anxious; dismayed, appalled
‫ ﻫﻠﻮف‬hillauf bearded; bristly
‫ ﻫﻠﻘﻢ‬halqama to gulp down, devour (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻫﻠﻚ‬halaka i (halk, hulk, ‫ ﻫـﻼك‬halāk, ‫ ﻠﻜـﺔ‬tahluka) to perish; to die; to be
annihilated, wiped out, destroyed II and IV to ruin, destroy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫اﻫﻠـﻚ‬
‫( اﳊـﺮث واﻟﻨﺴـﻞ‬hart, nasl) to destroy lock, stock and barrel VI to exert o.s., do
one’s utmost (‫ ﰲ‬in); to pounce, fall, throw o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬upon); to fight
1671
desperately (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for); to covet, crave (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.); to feel enthusiasm (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for),

devote o.s. eagerly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), go all out (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); to become languid, tired,
weak; to drop in utter exhaustion (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to break down, collapse VII and
VIII to risk danger, imperil o.s., act desperately X to exert o.s., do one’s
utmost (‫ ﰲ‬in); to waste, squander, spend, exhaust, use up, consume (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);
to discharge, pay off, amortize (‫ ﻫـ‬a debt); pass. ustuhlika to perish, die
‫ ﻫﻠﻚ‬hulk death; destruction, ruin
‫ ﻫﻠﻜﺔ‬halka, halaka total loss, ruin, destruction; disaster; jeopardy, perilous
situation, danger
‫ ﻫﻼك‬halāk total loss, ruin, destruction; perdition, eternal damnation
‫ ﻣﻬﻠﻜـﺔ‬mahlaka. mahluka. mahlika pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﺎﻟـﻚ‬mahālik2 dangerous place,
danger spot; dangerous situation; danger, peril
‫ ﻠﻜﺔ‬tahluka ruin; jeopardy, perilous situation, danger
‫ ﺎﻟـﻚ‬tahāluk enthusiasm, zeal, ardor (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for), (vivid) interest (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in);
weakness, fatigue, languor
Confidential
‫ اﺳــﺘﻬﻼك‬istihlāk consumption; attrition, wear and tear; discharge,
amortization
‫ اﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻲ‬istihlākī consumer- (in compounds; e.g., goods, prices, etc.)
‫ ﻫﺎﻟــﻚ‬hālik pl. ‫ ﻫﻠﻜــﻰ‬halkā, ‫ ﻫﻠــﻚ‬hullak, ‫ ﻫــﻼك‬hullāk, ‫ ﻫﻮاﻟـﻚ‬hawālik
perishing, dying; dead; mortal, destructible, perishable; doomed to
perdition, damned; irretrievably lost, irredeemable
‫ ﻣﻬﻠـﻚ‬muhlik destructive, devastating, annihilating, scathing, withering;
pernicious, ruinous, dangerous, perilous, deadly, lethal; medium of
destruction or extermination
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﺎﻟﻚ‬mutahālik broken down, down-and-out; exhausted
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‬mustahlik consumer
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‬mustahlak consumption
‫ ﻫﻠﻠﻮ‬hallilūyā hallelujah
1‫ ﻫﻠـﻢ‬halumma up! get up! come! now then! come on! onward! forward!
(with acc.) out with ...! bring ...! give me (us) ...! | ‫اﻟﻴـﻪ‬
‫( ﻫﻠﻤـﻲ‬halummī) now
then, go (f.) quickly to him! ‫( ﻫﻠﻢ ﺑﻨﺎ‬bi-nā) come on! let’s go! ‫( وﻫﻠﻢ ﺟﺮا‬jarran)
and so on, etc.
2‫ ﻫﻠﻢ‬hillam languid, listless, slack, limp
1672
‫ ﻫﻼم‬hulām jelly, gelatin

‫ ﻫﻼﻣﻰ‬hulāmī jellylike, gelatinous
‫ ﻠﲔ‬tahlīn Hellenization
‫ ﻫﻠﻬﻞ‬halhala to weave finely (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., also a
poem), weave flimsily (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to wear out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a garment), let it become
shabby, threadbare, thin
‫ ﻫﻠﻬﻞ‬halhal fine; thin, flimsy; delicate
‫ ﻫﻼﻫﻞ‬halāhil fine; thin, flimsy; delicate
‫ ﻫﻠﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬halhūla pl. ‫ ﻫﻼﻫﻴﻞ‬halāhil2 (eg.) worn dress, old rag, tatters
‫ ﻣﻬﻠﻬـﻞ‬muhalhal thin, flimsy, gauzelike, diaphanous; finely woven (also,
of a poem); worn, shabby, threadbare, tattered, ragged
‫ ﻫﻠﻮﺳﺔ‬halwasa hallucination; vision
‫ ﻫﻠﻴﻜﻮﺑﱰ‬helikoptar helicopter
‫ ﻫﻠـﻴﻠﺞ‬halīlaj and ‫ اﻫﻠـﻴﻠﺞ‬ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic (fruit of Phyllanthus
emblica L.; bot.); ellipse (geom.)
Confidential
‫ اﻫﻠﻴﻠﺠﻲ‬ihlīajī elliptic(al)
‫ ﻫﻠﻴﻮن‬hilyaun asparagus
1‫ ﻫﻢ‬hum they (3rd pers. m. pl. of the pers. pron.)
2‫ ﻫﻢ‬hamma u (hamm, ‫ ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ‬mahamma) to disquiet, make uneasy. fill with
anxiety, distress, grieve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to preoccupy, interest, regard, concern,

affect (‫ ه‬s.o.), be of interest (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to be on s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind, be s.o.’s
(‫ )ه‬concern; to worry, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be important, be of importance or
consequence (‫ ه‬to s.o.); -- (hamm) to worry, be concerned (‫ ب‬about); to
have in mind, intend, plan (‫ ب‬s.th., to do s.th.); to consider (‫ ﻫ ـ‬doing s.th.),
think of doing s.th. (‫ ;)ه‬to be about, be going (‫ب‬ ,‫ن‬ to do s.th.), be on the
point of doing s.th. (‫ب‬ ,‫ن‬ ), begin to, start doing s.th. (‫ب‬
,‫ ;) ن‬to rise, get
up IV to grieve, distress, concern, preoccupy, affect, regard (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be on
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬mind, be s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬concern; to worry, trouble (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be of
interest (‫ ه‬to s.o.), interest (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be important, be of consequence, to
matter VIII to be distressed, grieved, worried (‫ ب‬by); to worry, be
1673
concerned (‫ ب‬about); to concern o.s. (‫ب‬, occasionally also ‫ل‬, with); to feel
concern (‫ ب‬for), take an interest (‫ ب‬in); to attach importance ( to); to be
interested (‫ ب‬in); to look (‫ ب‬after); to pay attention (‫ ب‬to). take notice (‫ب‬
of), bear in mind (‫ ب‬s.th.); to go to trouble, go to great lengths (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬on
behalf of or for s.o. about s.th.); to take care (‫ ب‬of s.o.), take s.o. (‫ )ب‬under
one’s wing, help, assist (‫ ب‬s.o.); to provide (‫ ب‬for); to be anxious or
solicitous (‫ ل‬about)
‫ ﻫــﻢ‬hamm pl. ‫ ﳘــﻮم‬humūm anxiety, concern, solicitude; worry, care;
sorrow, grief, affliction, distress; interest; intention, design, plan; important
matter; weight, moment, importance, significance, consequence
‫ ﻫـﻢ‬himm pl. ‫ اﳘـﺎم‬ahmām, f. ‫ ﳘـﺔ‬himma, pl. -āt, ‫ ﳘـﺎﺋﻢ‬hamā’im2 decrepit,
senile; old man
‫ ﳘــﺔ‬himma pl. ‫ ﳘــﻢ‬himam endeavor, ambition, intention, design;
resolution, determination; zeal, ardor, eagerness; high-mindedness, high-
aiming ambition | ‫ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪ اﳍﻤـﺔ‬and ‫ ﻋـﺎﱄ اﳍﻤـﺔ‬high-aspiring, having far-reaching
Confidential
aims; high-minded
‫ ﳘــﺎم‬hammām careworn, worried; anxious, solicitous; eager, active,
energetic
‫ ﳘﺎم‬humām pl. ‫ ﳘـﺎم‬himām high-minded; generous, magnanimous; heroic,
gallant
‫ اﻫﻢ‬ahamm2 more important, of greater importance
‫ اﳘﻴـﺔ‬ahammīya importance, significance, consequence; interest | ‫ﻋـﺪﱘ‬
‫ اﻷﳘﻴـﺔ‬unimportant; ‫‘( ﻋﻠـﻖ اﳘﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬allaqa) to attach importance to; ‫ﻛـﺎن ﻣـﻦ‬
‫( اﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﲟﻜﺎن ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬makānin) to be of the greatest importance
‫ ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ‬mahamma pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﺎم‬mahāmm2 important matter; task, function, duty;
commission, assignment, mission | ‫اﻷﻣـﻮر‬ ‫ ﻣﻬـﺎم‬important matters; ‫ﻣﻬـﺎم اﳌﻨﺼـﺐ‬
m. al-manṣib official duties, official functions
‫ ﻤﻴﻢ‬tahmīm lulling a baby to sleep by singing
‫ ﻤﻴﻤﺔ‬tahmīma lullaby
‫ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم‬ihtimām pl. -at concern, interest; anxiety; solicitude; care; attention;
endeavor, ambition
1674
‫ ﻫـﺎم‬hāmm important, significant, momentous, weighty, ponderous, grave,

serious; interesting
‫ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬hāmma pl. ‫ ﻫﻮام‬hawāmm2 vermin; past; reptile; see also under ‫ﳘﻮم‬
‫ ﻣﻬﻤــﻮم‬mahmūm concerned, worried, anxious, distressed, grieved,
sorrowful; preoccupied; interested
‫ ﻣﻬـﻢ‬muhimm important, significant, momentous, weighty, ponderous,
grave, serious; interesting
‫ ﻣﻬﻤـﺔ‬muhimma pl. -āt important matter; pl. requirements, exigencies;
equipment, material(s); stores, supplies, provisions | ‫( ﻣﻬﻤـﺎت ﺣﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬ḥarbīya)
war material; O ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻬﻤﺎت‬mutaḥarrika) rolling stock
‫ ﻣﻬــﺘﻢ‬muhtamm interested (‫ ب‬in); concerned, anxious, solicitous (‫ب‬
about); attentive (‫ ب‬to), mindful (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﻣﻬﺘﻤﺎت‬muhtammāt tasks, functions, duties
‫ ﳘﺎ‬humā both of them (3rd pers. dual of the pers. pron.); see also ‫ﳘﻮ‬
‫ ﳘﺎﻳﻮن‬humāyūnī imperial
Confidential
‫ ﳘﺞ‬hamija a (hamaj) to he hungry
‫ ﳘﺞ‬hamai (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اﳘﺎج‬ahmāj small flies, gnats; riffraff, rabble,
ragtag; savages, barbarians
‫ ﳘﺞ‬hamaj hunger | ‫ ﳘﺞ ﻫﺎﻣﺞ‬ravenous hunger, voracious appetite
‫ ﳘﺠـﻲ‬hamajī uncivilized, savage; rude; barbaric, barbarous; a savage,
barbarian
‫ ﳘﺠﻴﺔ‬hamajīya savageness, savagery; rudeness; barbarism
‫ ﳘﺪ‬hamada u (‫ ﳘﻮد‬humūd) to abate, subside, let up, calm down, die away,
fade away, die down, cool off; to become smaller, shrink II and IV to quiet,
calm, still, appease, placate, soothe, mitigate, alleviate, allay, stifle, quell,
suppress, put out, extinguish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﳘـﻮد‬humūd extinction; cooling off (of a passion, and the like); lull;
fatigue, exhaustion, tiredness; motionlessness, torpor; stiffness, rigidity,
rigor; death
‫ ﻫﺎﻣﺪ‬hāmid calm, quiet, still, extinct; lifeless; rigid, stiff (corpse)
‫ ﳘـﺮ‬hamara u i (hamr) to pour out, shed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., water, tears) VII to be
poured out, be shed; to pour down (rain), flow (tears)
‫ ﳘﺮة‬hamra shower of rain; growl(ing), snarl(ing)
1675
‫ ﳘـﺰ‬hamaza u i (hamz) to prick; to drive, urge on, prod, goad on (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.o., s.th.); to spur (‫ ﻫ ـ‬one’s horse); (gram.) to provide with hamza (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a letter
or word)
‫ ﳘـﺰ‬hamz spurring, goading, prodding, urging, pressing; beating, striking,
kicking; backbiting, slander | ‫ﳘــﺰ ﳌــﺰ‬ (lamz) innuendoes, defamatory
insinuations; taunts, gibes, sneers
‫ ﳘﺰ‬hamz glottal stop before or after a vowel (phon.)
‫ ﳘﺰة‬hamza pl. hamazāt hamza, the character designating the glottal stop: ‫ء‬
(gram.) | ‫اﻟﻘﻄـﻊ‬ ‫ ﳘـﺰة‬h. al-qaṭ‘ disjunctive hamza (gram.); ‫ ﳘـﺰة اﻟﻮﺻـﻞ‬h. al-waṣl
conjunctive hamza (gram.); ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ ﳘﺰة اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬the (connecting) link between ...
‫ ﳘﺎز‬hammāz slanderer, backbiter
‫ ﻣﻬﻤﺰ‬mihmaz pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﺰ‬mahāmiz2 spur; goad
‫ ﻣﻬﻤﺎز‬mihmāz pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻴﺰ‬mahāmīz2 spur; goad
‫ ﳘـﺲ‬hamasa i (hams) to mumble, mutter; to whisper (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.) |
Confidential
‫ﳘـﺲ ﰲ اذﻧـﻪ‬ (fī wajhihī) to whisper in s.o.’s ear VI to whisper together,
exchange whispered remarks
‫ ﳘﺲ‬hams mutter(ing), mumble; whisper(ing)
‫ ﳘﺴــﺔ‬hamsa pianissimo of a singer; whisper; pl. ‫ ﳘﺴــﺎت‬hamasāt
whispering, whispers
‫ ﻫﻮاﻣﺲ‬hawāmis2 mumbled or whispered words
‫ ﳘﺶ‬hamaša u (hamš) to bite (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻫـﺎﻣﺶ‬hāmiš margin (of a bock, page, etc.) | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺎﻣﺶ‬... on the periphery
of ..., on the side lines of ..., aside from, in connection with ..., on the
occasion of ..., apropos of | ‫اﻷﺧﺒﺎر‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺎﻣﺶ‬sidenotes of the news (title of a
BBC news commentary)
‫ ﻫﺎﻣﺸﻲ‬hāmišī marginal
‫ ﳘﻊ‬hama‘a a u to shed tears (eye); to stream, flow, well
‫ ﳘـﻚ‬hamaka u (hamk) to urge, press (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.o. to do s.th.) VII to be
engrossed, be completely engaged (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.), be dedicated (‫ ﰲ‬to), give o.s.
up, abandon o.s. wholeheartedly (‫ ﰲ‬to, also ‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬, be loot, become absorbed
(‫ ﰲ‬in), be completely taken up, be preoccupied (‫ ﰲ‬with)
1676
‫ ا ﻤﺎك‬inhimāk wholehearted dedication, abandon, engrossment, exclusive

occupation, absorption; preoccupation
‫ ﻣﻨﻬﻤـﻚ‬munhamik engrossed, absorbed, loot (‫ ﰲ‬in), taken up, preoccupied
(‫ ﰲ‬with); given, addicted (‫ ﰲ‬to); dedicated (‫ ﰲ‬to)
‫ ﳘـﻞ‬hamala u i (haml, ‫ ﳘـﻼن‬hamalān, ‫ ﳘـﻮل‬humūl) to be bathed in tears,
shed tears (eye) IV to neglect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to omit, leave out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
disregard, fail to consider or notice, overlook, forget (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to cease to
use, disuse (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to leave unpointed, provide with no diacritical points (‫ﻫـ‬
a consonant; gram.) VI to be careless, negligent, remiss, lazy VII to be
bathed in tears, shed tears (eye); to pour down (rain)
‫ ﳘـﻞ‬hamal left to o.s., to one’s own devices, left alone; left untended
(cattle); neglected, disregarded
‫ اﳘــﺎل‬ihmāl negligence; neglect; dereliction of duty; carelessness,
heedlessness, inattention; nonobservance, disregard, nonconsideration
‫ ﻫﺎﻣﻞ‬hāmil pl. ‫ ﳘﻞ‬hummal roving, roaming; vagabond, tramp
‫ ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬muhmil negligent, neglectful, remiss; careless, heedless, inattentive,
Confidential
slovenly
‫ ﻣﻬﻤـﻞ‬muhmal neglected; omitted; disregarded, not taken into account;
obsolete, antiquated; lacking, devoid of, not provided with; without
diacritical points, unpointed (gram.); ‫ اﳌﻬﻤﻼت‬deadletter office | ‫اﻹﻣﻀـﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬
without signature, unsigned; ‫ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﺔ‬dead (i.e., undeliverable) letter; ‫ﺳـﻠﺔ‬
‫ اﳌﻬﻤﻼت‬sallat al-m. wastebasket; ‫( ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﻠﺔ‬kammīya) negligible quantity
‫ ﳘﻠﺞ‬hamlaja to amble (horse)
‫ ﳘﻼج‬himlāj pl. ‫ ﳘﺎﻟﻴﺞ‬hamālīj2 ambler, ambling horse
‫ ﳘﻬـﻢ‬hamhama to say “hmm”; to mumble, mutter; to grumble; to growl,
snarl; to hum, buzz, drone
‫ ﳘﻬﻤـﺔ‬hamhama pl. -āt, ‫ ﳘـﺎﻫﻢ‬hamāhim2 an inarticulate utterance (“hmm,
hmm”),e.g., to express astonishment, and the like; mumble, mutter(ing)j
hum, buzz, drone (also. e.g., of an airplane); growl, snarl
‫ )ﳘﺎ )ﳘﻮ‬hamā u (hamw) to flow; to pour forth; see also alphabetically
1‫ ﻫﻦ‬hanna , to weep, sigh; to long, yearn (‫ اﱃ‬for)
2‫ ﻫﻦ‬hunna they (3rd pers. f. pl. of the pers. pron.)
1‫ ﻫﻨﺔ‬hana see under ‫ﻫﻨﻮ‬
1677
‫ ﻫﻨـﺎ‬hunā and ‫ ﻫﻬﻨـﺎ‬hāhunā here, over here, in this place; hūnā (with foll.
verb) there, then, now, by now, at this point | ‫ﻫﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﳍﻨـﺎ‬here, over here, to
this place; up to here, so far, up to this point, up to this amount; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫﻨـﺎ‬from
here; of this, hereof, from this, hence; for this reason, therefore; by this,
hereby; ‫وﻫﻨﺎك‬ ‫ ﻫﻨﺎ‬here and there
‫ ﻫﻨـﺎك‬hunāka and ‫ ﻫﻨﺎﻟـﻚ‬hunālika there, over there, in that place; there is
(are) | ‫( ﻫﻨـﺎك ﻗـﻮل ﻣـﺄﺛﻮر‬qaul) there is a proverb; ‫ اﱃ ﻫﻨـﺎك‬there, over there, to
that place; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫﻨـﺎك‬from there, from that place; ‫ ﻣـﺎذا ﻫﻨﺎﻟـﻚ‬what’s up? what’s
the matter?
2‫ ﻫﻨـﺄ‬hana’a u a i (‫ ﻫـﻦء‬han’, hin’,
‫ ﻫﻨـﺎء‬hanā’) to be beneficial, wholesome,
healthful, salutary, salubrious (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬to s.o.), do s.o. (‫ ل‬or ‫ )ه‬good; -- ‫ﻫﻨـﺊ‬
hani’a a (‫ ﻫﻨﺄ‬hana’) to he delighted (‫ ب‬with), take pleasure (‫ ب‬in), enjoy (‫ب‬
s.th.) II to congratulate, felicitate (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ه‬

‫ ب‬s.o. on or on the occasion of);
to make happy, gladden, delight (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to enjoy, savor (‫ ب‬s.th.), take
Confidential
pleasure (‫ ب‬in)
‫ ﻫﻨـﺎء‬hanā’ and ‫ ﻫﻨـﺎءة‬hanā’a happiness, bliss; good health, well-being;
congratulation, felicitation
‫ ﻫﻨﺎء‬hinā’ tar
‫ ﻫﲏء‬hanī’ healthful, salutary, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial; pleasant,
agreeable; easy, smooth, comfortable | ‫ﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ ﻫﻨﻴﺌـﺎ‬or ‫ ﻫﻨﻴﺌـﺎ ﻣﺮﻳﺌـﺎ‬hanī’an marī’an
approx.: may it do you much good! I hope you will enjoy it (i.e., food)!
‫ ﻨﺌﺔ‬tahni’a pl. ‫ ﺎﻧﺊ‬tahāni’2 congratulation, felicitation
‫ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ‬hāni’ happy, delighted, glad; servant; ‫ ﻫﺎﻧﺌﺔ‬hāni’a servant girl, maid
‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺊ‬muhanni’ congratulator, well-wisher
‫ اﳍﻨـﺪ‬al-hind India; the (East) Indians | ‫ اﳍﻨـﺪ اﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬British India; ‫اﳍﻨـﺪ‬
‫( اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ṣīnīya)
Indochina; ‫( اﳍﻨـﺪ اﻟﺸـﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬šarqīya) East India; ‫ ﺟـﺰر اﳍﻨـﺪ اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬juzur al-h. al-
garbīya the Caribbean Islands, the West Indies
‫ ﻫﻨـﺪي‬hindī Indian; (pl. ‫ ﻫﻨـﻮد‬hunūd) an Indian | ‫( اﶈـﻴﻂ اﳍﻨـﺪي‬muḥīṭ) the
Indian Ocean; ‫اﳊﻤﺮ‬ ‫( اﳍﻨﻮد‬ḥumr) the American Indians
1678
‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪ‬muhannad sword made of Indian steel

‫ ﻫﻨﺪب‬hindab, ‫ ﻫﻨﺪ ء‬hindibā’ wild chicory, endive (bot.)
‫ ﻫﻨﺪاز‬hindāz measure
‫ ﻫﻨﺪازة‬hindāza cubit (Eg., = 65.6 cm)
‫ ﻫﻨﺪﺳــﺔ‬handasa engineering; mechanical engineering; architecture,
architectural engineering; army engineering; geometry; geodesy, surveying |
‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳍﻨﺪﺳـﺔ‬ilm al-h. geometry; ‫ ﻫﻨﺪﺳـﺔ اﻟـﺮي‬h. ar-riyy irrigation engineering;
‫( اﳍﻨﺪﺳـﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﻴـﺔ‬zirā‘īya) agronomy; ‫( اﳍﻨﺪﺳـﺔ اﻟﺴـﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬saṭḥīya) plane geometry,
planimetry; ‫( اﳍﻨﺪﺳـﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻴـﺔ‬farāgīya) solid geometry, stereometry; ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳـﺔ اﳌـﺪن‬
h. al-mudun town planning; ‫( اﳍﻨﺪﺳـﺔ اﳌﻌﻤﺎرﻳـﺔ‬mi‘mārīya) architecture; ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳـﺔ‬
‫ اﳌﻴــﺪان‬h. al-maidān combat engineering; ‫( اﳍﻨﺪﺳــﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮ ﺋﻴــﺔ‬kahrabā’īya)
electrotechnics, electrical engineering; ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳـﺔ اﻟﻼﺳـﻠﻜﻲ‬ h. al-lā-silkī radio
engineering; ‫اﳍﻨﺪﺳــﺔ اﳌﺪﻧﻴــﺔ‬ (madanīya) civil engineering; ‫اﳍﻨﺪﺳــﺔ اﳌﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴــﺔ‬
mechanical engineering
‫ ﻫﻨﺪﺳـﻲ‬handasī technical, technological; geometrical; of or relative to
Confidential
mechanical engineering; engineering, industrial | ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳـﻴﺔ‬
engineers; ‫اﳍﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫( ﻓﺮﻗـﺔ‬firqa) corps of
‫( اﻟﻘﻮات‬qūwāt) corps of engineers; the engineers (mil.)
‫ ﻫﻨﺪاﺳﺔ‬hindāsa = ‫ﻫﻨﺪازة‬, see above
‫ ﻣﻬﻨـﺪس‬muhandis architect; engineer; technician | ‫( ﻣﻬﻨــﺪس زراﻋـﻲ‬zirā‘ī)
agricultural engineer; ‫‘( ﻣﻬﻨـﺪس ﻋﺴـﻜﺮي‬askarī) army engineer; ‫ﻣﻬﻨـﺪس ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ‬
(kahrabā’ī) electrotechnician, electrical engineer; ‫ﻣﻬﻨـﺪس ﻣﻌﻤـﺎري‬ (mi‘mārī)
architect
‫ ﻫﻨﺪم‬handama to order, array, adjust (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to make smart, neat, trim; to
dress up, spruce up (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻫﻨﺪﻣﺔ‬handama harmony; orderliness, tidiness, neatness, trimness
‫ ﻫﻨـﺪام‬hindām harmony; orderliness, tidiness, neatness, trimness; attire,
dress, garb | ‫ﻫﻨﺪاﻣﻪ‬ ‫ اﺻﻠﺢ‬to adjust one’s clothes; to dress, dress up
‫ ﻣﻬﻨـﺪم‬muhandam well-ordered, well-arrayed; orderly, tidy, neat; trim,
smart; well-dressed; made to measure, tailor-made (suit)
‫ ﻫﻨﺸﲑ‬hanšīr pl. ‫ ﻫﻨﺎﺷﲑ‬hanāšīr2 (tun.) country estate
1679
‫ ﻫﻨﻐﺎري‬hungārī Hungarian (adj. and n.)

‫ ﻫﻨﻒ‬II to hurry, hasten, rush III and VI to laugh contemptuously, sneer; to
sob, whimper
‫ ﻫﻨﺎك‬and ‫ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬see 1‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
1‫ ﻫﻨﻢ‬hanam dried dates
2‫ ﻫﺎﱎ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻫﻨﻴﻬﺔ‬hunaiha a little while; hunaihatan for a little while
‫ ﻫﻨﻬﻦ‬hanhana to lull to sleep with a song (‫ ل‬a baby)
‫ ﻫﻨﻬﻮﻧﺔ‬hanhūna lullaby
‫ ﻫﻨـﺔ‬hana pl. -āt, ‫ ﻫﻨـﻮات‬hanawāt thing; s.th. unimportant, trifle, bagatelle;
blemish, defect, fault, flaw
‫ ﻫﻨﻮ‬hinw time
‫ ﻫﲏ‬hanīy (= ‫ )ﻫﲏء‬wholesome, delicious
‫ ﻫﻪ‬hih (interj.) oh! alas! woe! (also derogatorily) oh, come now!
‫ ﻫﻬﻨﺎ‬see 1‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
Confidential
1‫ ﻫﻮ‬huwa he; it (3rd pers. m. sing. of the pers. pron.); God; ‫ ﻫﻮذا‬see ‫ذا‬
‫ ﻫﻮﻳـﺔ‬huwīya essence, nature; coessentiality, consubstantiality; identity;

identity card (= ‫اﳍﻮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗـﺬﻛﺮة اﳍﻮﻳـﺔ( | اوراق‬,‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﳍﻮﻳـﺔ‬aurāq al-h. identification
papers, credentials; ‫اﳍﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﺬﻛﺮة‬tadkirat al-h. (ir., syr.) identity card; ‫ﻋﺮف ﻫﻮﻳﺘـﻪ‬
(‘urifa) to be identified
2 ‫ ﻫﻮة‬hūwa see ‫ﻫﻮى‬
‫ ﻫﻮﺗﺔ‬hauta, hūta pl. ‫ ﻫﻮت‬huwat depression in the ground; chasm, abyss
‫ ﻫﻮج‬hawaj folly, light-headedness, rashness, thoughtlessness
‫ اﻫـﻮج‬ahwaj2, f. ‫ ﻫﻮﺟـﺎء‬haujā’2, pl. ‫ ﻫـﻮج‬hūj reckless; impatient, rash,
thoughtless, harebrained, precipitate, hasty, foolhardy; violent, vehement,
frantic
‫ ﻫﻮﺟﺎء‬haujā’ pl. ‫ ﻫﻮج‬hūj hurricane, tornado, cyclone
‫ ) )ﻫـﻮد(ﻫـﺎد‬hāda u (haud) to be a Jew II to proceed Ilowly; to intoxicate,
inebriate (‫ ه‬s.o.; of wine); to make Jewish (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to be indulgent,
forbearing, conciliatory, considerate, complaisant, obliging (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to
avoid, shun (‫ ه‬s.o.), stay out of s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬way V to become a Jew or Jewish
1680
‫ اﳍﻮد‬al-hūd the Jews, the Jewry

‫ ﻫ ـﻮادة‬hawāda forbearance, indulgence, consideration, complaisance,
obligingness; clemency, leniency, gentle-heartedness; relaxation, mitigation
(of laws)
‫ ﻮﻳﺪ‬tahwīd Judaization
‫ ﻣﻬـﺎودة‬muhāwada complaisance, obligingness, indulgence, consideration |
‫ ﻣﻬﺎودة اﻷﺳﻌﺎر‬low pricing
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﻮد‬mutahawwid Judaized, under Jewish influence or control
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﺎود‬mutahāwid moderate (price)
‫ ﻫﻮدج‬see ‫ﻫﺪج‬
‫ ﻫﻮذا‬see ‫ذا‬
‫ )ﻫﺎر )ﻫﻮر‬hāra u (haur, ‫ ﻫﺆور‬hu’ūr) to be destroyed, crash down, fall down,
collapse; -- (haur) to pull down, topple, wreck, demolish, destroy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,
esp., a building); to bring down, throw to the ground (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to endanger,
imperil, jeopardize, expose to danger (‫ ه‬s.o.); to bring down, throw to the
Confidential
ground (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be destroyed, crash down, fall down, collapse; to rush
headlong into danger; to be light-headed, careless, irresponsible; to elapse,
pass, go by (time) VII to be demolished or torn down; to crash down, fall
down, collapse; to fall apart (line of argument)
‫ ﻫﻮر‬haur pl. ‫ اﻫﻮار‬ahwār lake
‫ ﻫﻮرة‬haura pl. -āt danger, peril
‫ ﻫـﻮاري‬hawārī pl. ‫ ﻫـﻮارة‬hawwāra volunteer; O short-term soldier, irregular;
‫ اﳍﻮارة‬irregular troops
‫ ﻫﲑ‬hayyir rash, precipitate, thoughtless, ill-considered, imprudent
‫ ـﻮر‬tahawwur light-headedness, carelessness, irresponsibility; hastiness,
rashness, precipitance
‫ ا ﻴﺎر‬inhiyār crash, fall, downfall; collapse, breakdown
‫ ﻣﺘﻬــﻮر‬mutahawwir rash, hasty, precipitate; frivolous, thoughtless;
lightheaded, careless, irresponsible, reckless; foolhardy, daredevil
‫ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‬hormōn hormone
1‫ ﻫـﻮس‬hawisa a (hawas) to be baffled, startled, perplexed; to be utterly
confused, be at a complete 1088, be at one’s wit’s end II to baffle, startle,
1681
perplex, confuse, bewilder, confound (‫ ه‬s.o.); to delude, beguile, befool,

infatuate, dazzle, blind (‫ ه‬s.o.); to craze, drive crazy, render insane (‫ ه‬s.o.)
V to be beguiled, befooled, infatuated, dazzled, lose one’s head; to abandon
o.s. completely; to be a fantast, a visionary VII to be beguiled, befooled,
infatuated, dazzled
‫ ﻫـﻮس‬hawas foolishness, folly, craze, madness; dreaminess, visionariness,
rapture, ecstasy; wild fancy, fantasy; raving madness, frenzy; infatuation,
blindness, delusion
‫ ﻫﻮس‬hawīs thought, idea, concept, notion
‫ ﻫﻮﻳﺲ‬hawīs and ‫ ﻫﺎوﻳﺲ‬hāwīs pl. ‫ اﻫﻮﺳﺔ‬ahwisa (eg.) look, canal lock
‫ اﻫﻮس‬ahwas2 foolish, crazy, mad; dazzled, blind, infatuated
‫ ﻣﻬﻮوس‬mahwūs (religious) visionary
‫ ﻣﻬﻮس‬muhawwas foolish, crazy, mad; dazzled, blind, infatuated
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﻮس‬mutahawwis pl. -ūn fantast, visionary
2‫ ﻫﻮﺳﺔ‬hausa clamor, shouting, uproar
‫ ﻫـﻮش‬hawiša a (hawaš) and ‫ ﻫـﺎش‬hāša u (hauš) to be excited, be in a state
Confidential
of commotion II to excite, agitate, unsettle (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to rouse, incite,
stir up, inflame (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the mob); to sick (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬a dog on), set, incite (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o.
against); to exert a disturbing influence (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) III to annoy by its barking
(‫ ه‬s.o.; of a dog) V to get tumultuous, get excited, run riot
‫ ﻫﻮﺷــﺔ‬hauša excitement, agitation, commotion, riot, uproar, ruckus,
rumpus, row, fracas; turmoil, tumult
‫ ﻮﻳﺶ‬tahwīš excitation, agitation; incitement, instigation
‫ ﻣﻬﻮش‬muhawwaš exciting; troublemaker, agitator, rabble rouser
‫ ) )ﻫـﻮع(ﻫـﺎع‬hā‘a u a (hau‘) to vomit, throw up; to retch II to make (‫ ه‬s.o.)
vomit V= I
1‫ ﻫﺎك‬hāka see ‫ﻫﺎ‬
2‫ ﻫﻮﻛﻲ‬hokī hookey | ‫اﻻﻧﺰﻻق‬ ‫ ﻫﻮﻛﻲ‬ice hockey

‫ )ﻫـﺎل )ﻫـﻮل‬hāla u (haul) to frighten, scare, terrify, appall, horrify, strike
with terror (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to alarm, dismay, frighten, terrify, horrify, fill with
horror (‫ ه‬s.o.); to threaten, menace, scare (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ب‬ s.o. with); to wield
menacingly (‫ ب‬a stick); to picture (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) as a terrible thing, mike (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
1682
appear terrible; to exaggerate, overemphasize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻨﻌﻦ‬s.th.), make much

ado, make a great fuss (‫ ﻣﻦ‬about) X to deem significant (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to consider
terrific, appalling, tremendous (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be horrified (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at), be appalled,
be staggered (‫ ﻫـ‬by)
‫ ﻫـﻮل‬haul pl. ‫ اﻫـﻮال‬ahwāl, ‫ ﻫـﺆول‬hu’ūl terror, fright, alarm, shook, horror,
dismay; power | ‫ اﺑـﻮ اﳍـﻮل‬abū l-h. the Sphinx; ‫ﻟﻠﻬـﻮل‬ yā la-l-haul oh, how
terrible!
‫ ﻫﻮﻟﺔ‬haula a terrifying thing, a fright; object of rear or terror
‫ ﻫﺎل‬hāl mirage, fata morgana; cardamom (spice)
‫ ﻫﺎﻟـﺔ‬hāla pl. -āt halo (around moon or sun, also, e.g., of a saint); ring
around the eye; nimbus, aureole, glory
‫ﻮﻳــﻞ‬ tahwīl pl. -āt, ‫ﺎوﻳــﻞ‬ tahāwīl2 frightening, soaring, alarming,
intimidation, cowing, browbeating; exaggeration; nightmare, phantom,
bugbear, bogey, bugaboo; pl. ‫ﺎوﻳـﻞ‬ embellishments, ornamental flourishes;
pleasant visions
Confidential
‫ ﻫﺎﺋـﻞ‬hā’il dreadful, frightful, terrible, horrible, appalling, ghastly, awful;
huge, vast, formidable, gigantic, prodigious, tremendous, stupendous;
extraordinary, enormous, fabulous, amazing, astonishing, surprising; grim,
hard, fierce (battle, fight)
‫ ﻣﻬﻮل‬muhawwil terrible, dreadful
‫ ﻫﻮﻻﻧﺪا‬holandā or ‫ ﻫﻮﻻﻧﺪﻩ‬holanda Holland
‫ ﻫﻮﻻﻧﺪي‬holandī Dutch, Hollandish; (pl. -ūn) Dutchman, Hollander
‫ ﻫﻮﻟﻴﻮود‬Hollywood
‫ ﻫﻮم‬II to nod drowsily (head of s.o. falling asleep); to doze off, fall asleep;
to doze, nap V to doze off, fall asleep; to doze, nap
‫ ﻫﺎﻣـﺔ‬hāma pl. -āt, ‫ ﻫـﺎم‬hām head; crown, vertex; top, summit; see also
under ‫ﻫﻢ‬
ّ
1‫ ) )ﻫـﻮن(ﻫـﺎن‬hāna u (haun) to be or become easy (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for s.o.), be of little
importance (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); ‫ ﻫـﺎن ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ان‬to attach no importance to the fact that ...,
care little that ...; -- (hūn, ‫ ﻫـﻮان‬hawān, ‫ ﻣﻬﺎﻧـﺔ‬mahāna) to be or become
despicable, contemptible II to make easy, ease, facilitate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. for
s.o.); to represent or picture (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.) as easy or as of little
1683
importance; to make light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), belittle, minimize, deride, flout,

disparage (‫ ﻫـ‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﻫـﻮن ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ‬hawwin) take it easy! don’t get excited!
never mind! IV to despise (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to humble, humiliate, abase,
demean, scorn, disdain, slight, treat with contempt or disdain (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
insult (‫ ه‬s.o.) VI to consider easy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to think little. make little (‫ب‬
of), attach little importance (‫ ب‬to), disdain, despise (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be
negligent, remiss, lax, careless, (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬in s.th.), neglect (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th.);
(with negation) not to fail (‫ ﰲ‬to do s.th.), not to tire (‫ ﰲ‬of doing s.th.) X
‫ اﺳـﺘﻬﺎن‬istahāna and ‫ اﺳـﺘﻬﻮن‬istahwana to consider easy (‫ ب‬s.th.); to make
little (‫ ب‬of), esteem lightly, disesteem, underrate, undervalue (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
disdain, despise (‫ ب‬s.th.); to misunderstand, misjudge (‫ ب‬s.th.) | ‫ﻻ ﻳﺴـﺘﻬﺎن‬

(yustahānu) not to be sneezed at, not to be overlooked
‫ ﻫـﻮن‬haun ease, leisure, convenience, comfort; easiness, facility; ‫ﻫــﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﻮن‬
Confidential
haunan slowly, gently, leisurely, imperceptibly | slowly, gently,
leisurely, imperceptibly; ‫ﻫﻮﻧﻚ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬at your convenience
‫ ﻫﻮن‬hūn disgrace, shame, degradation, abasement
‫ ﻫـﻮان‬hawān despicableness, lowly, contemptible position; insignificance,
negligibleness; degradation. abasement; disgrace, shame, ignominy
‫ ﻫـﲔ‬hayyin, hain pl. -ūn, ‫ اﻫـﻮ ء‬ahwinā’ easy; insignificant, negligible, of
little value; inconsiderable; unimportant; plain, simple, homely, modest | ‫ﻫﲔ‬
‫ ﻟﲔ‬hain lain simple and nice
‫ ﻫﻴﻨﺔ‬hīna easiness, facility; convenience, comfort, ease; leisure
‫ ﻫﻮﻳﻨـﺎ‬huwainā gentleness, mildness, kindliness; slowness, leisureliness,
leisure, ease; ‫ اﳍﻮﻳﻨﺎ‬slowly, gently, leisurely, unhurriedly
‫ اﻫــﻮن‬ahwan2 f. ‫ ﻫــﻮ ء‬haunā’2 easy; comfortable; -- (elative) easier;
smaller, less, lesser; of less value, more worthless | ‫اﻫﻮﻧـﻪ‬ ‫( ﻣـﺎ‬ahwanahū) how
small, how worthless it is! ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ اﻫﻮن‬a. aš-šarrain the lesser evil
‫ ﻣﻬﺎﻧ ــﺔ‬mahāna contempt, despicableness; degradation, abasement,
humiliation, disgrace, shame
1684
‫ اﻫﺎﻧﺔ‬ahāna insult; affront, contumely, abuse

‫ ﺎون‬tahāwun disesteem, disdain, scorn, neglect; indifference (‫ ب‬to s.th.)
‫ اﺳﺘﻬﺎﻧﺔ‬istihāna disesteem, disdain, scorn, neglect; contempt
‫ ﻣﻬــﲔ‬muhīn insulting, abusive, offending; contemptuous, humiliating,
disgraceful, ignominious, outrageous
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﺎون‬mutahāwin negligent, remiss, lax, indifferent
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﲔ‬mustahīn disdainer, scorner, despiser
2‫ ﻫﺎون‬look up alphabetically
1‫ ﻫﻮى‬hawā i (huwīy) to drop, fall, tumble, fall down, come down, sink; to
topple, tumble down, be upset; to swoop down (predatory bird); to pounce,
fall (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon); to blow (wind); to overthrow (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.) | ‫رﻗﺒﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ‬
(raqabatihā) he fell in her arms, he embraced her;‫( ﻫـﻮى ﲟﻘﺎﻣـﻪ‬maqāmihī) to
degrade s.o.; -- hawiya a (‫ ﻫـﻮى‬hawan) to love (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to become
fond (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬of); to like (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.); to go in (‫ ﻫـ‬for a hobby), take up as a
hobby (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) II to air, ventilate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a room), expose to the wind or to fresh
Confidential
air (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fan the air III to show o.s. complaisant (‫ ه‬to s.o.), humor (‫ه‬
s.o.); to flatter (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to fall down, drop; to drop (‫ ب‬s.th.); to pounce,
fall (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬upon s.o., ‫ ب‬with); to lean, bend (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬over); to reach (‫ اﱃ‬for), grab,
grasp (‫ اﱃ‬at). make for s.th. (‫ ;)اﱃ‬to strive (‫ اﱃ‬for), aspire (‫ اﱃ‬to), desire (‫اﱃ‬
s.th.) | ‫اﱃ‬ ‫( اﻫـﻮى ﺑﻴـﺪﻩ‬bi-yadihī) to stretch out one’s hand for, reach out for V
to be aired, be ventilated VI to break down, collapse; to plunge down, throw
o.s. down VII to fall down, drop; to be thrust down X to attract (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
seduce, tempt (‫ ه‬s.o.); to entice, lure (‫ ه‬s.o.); to charm, enchant, fascinate,
enrapture, delight, entrance, carry away (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻫــﻮى‬hawan pl. ‫ اﻫـﻮاء‬ahwā’, ‫ﻫـﻮا‬ hawāyā love; affection; passion;
inclination, liking, bent, wish; desire, longing, craving; fancy, whim,
caprice, pleasure; ‫ اﻫـﻮاء‬sects, heretic tendencies | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﻮاء‬be convenient to
s.o., please s.o.; ‫ ﰲ اﳍﻮى‬in love; ‫ اﺻﺤﺎب اﻷﻫﻮاء‬sectarians, dissenters
‫ ﻫـﻮة‬hūwa pl. -āt, ‫ ﻫـﻮى‬huwan abyss, chasm; cave, cavern; pit, hole, ditch,
trench; (fig.) gulf
1685
‫ ﻫـﻮاء‬hawā’ pl. ‫ اﻫﻮﻳـﺔ‬ahwiya, ‫ اﻫـﻮاء‬ahwā’ air; atmosphere; wind, draft;

weather, climate | ‫( اﳍـﻮاء اﻷﺻـﻔﺮ‬aṣfar) the plague; ‫ﻫـﻮاء ﻃﻠـﻖ‬ (ṭalq) open air;
fresh air; ‫ ﰲ اﳍـﻮاء اﻟﻄﻠــﻖ‬outdoors, in the open, in fresh air; ‫ﻫـﻮاء ﻣﻀــﻐﻮط‬
compressed air; ‫ﺳـﻠﻚ اﳍـﻮاء‬ silk al-h. aviation; ‫ﻃﻠﻤﺒـﺔ اﳍـﻮاء‬ ṭulumbat al-h. air
pump
‫ ﻫـﻮاﺋﻲ‬hawā’ī airy, breezy; aerial, air- (in compounds), atmospheric(al);
pneumatic; O inside (diameter, width); antenna, aerial, ‫( ﺳـﻠﻚ ﻫـﻮاﺋﻲ‬silk);
flighty, whimsical, capricious; ethereal; fantastic | ‫ دوﻻب ﻫـﻮاﺋﻲ‬wind wheel;
O ‫( ﻫـﻮاﺋﻲ اﻃـﺎري‬iṭārī) frame antenna; O ‫( ﻫـﻮاﺋﻲ ﻃـﻮﻗﻲ‬ṭauqī) loop antenna; O
‫( ﻫـﻮاﺋﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔـﻊ‬murtafi‘) elevated antenna; O ‫( ﻫـﻮاﺋﻲ ﻣﺮﺳـﻞ‬murtafi‘) transmitting

antenna; O ‫( ﻫ ـﻮاﺋﻲ ﻣــﺰدوج‬muzdawij) two-wire antenna; O ‫ﻫ ـﻮاﺋﻲ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻞ‬
(mustaqbil) receiving antenna; O ‫( ﻫﻮاﺋﻲ ﻣﻔﺮد‬mufrad) single-wire antenna
‫ ﻫﻮاء‬hawwā’ amateur
‫ ﻫﻮاﻳــﺔ‬hawāya pl. -āt hobby, sport or art cultivated as an amateur;
Confidential
amateurism, amateurship
‫ ﻫﻮاﻳﺔ‬hawwāya fan; ventilator
‫ اﻫﻮى‬ahwā more desirable, preferable
‫ اﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬uhwiya abyss, chasm, deep, depth
‫ ﻣﻬﻮى‬mahwan, ‫ ﻣﻬـﻮاة‬mahwāh pl. ‫ ﻣﻬـﺎو‬mahāwin2 abyss, chasm, gulf; place
of one’s longing, object of desire; atmosphere
‫ ﻣﻬﻮاة‬mihwāh ventilator
‫ ﻮﻳﺔ‬tahwiya airing, ventilation
‫ اﺳــﺘﻬﻮاء‬istihwā’ fascination, captivation; enchantment; seducement,
enticement, temptation; suggestion
‫ ﻫﺎو‬hāwin pl. ‫ ﻫـﻮاة‬huwāh falling, dropping, sinking; loving, in love; lover;
fancier, fan, amateur; dabbler, dilettante
‫ ﻫﺎوﻳﺔ‬hāwiya chasm, gulf, abyss, infernal depth, bottomless pit, hell
2‫ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬huwīya see 1‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ ﻫﻲ‬hiya she (3rd pers. sing. f. of the pers. pron.)
‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬hayyā (interj.) up! come on! let’s go! now then!
1686
‫ )ﻫﺎء( ﻫـﻲء‬hā’a i a and ‫ ﻫﻴـﺆ‬hayu’a u (‫ ﻫﻴـﺄة‬ḥai’a, ‫ ﻫﻴـﺎءة‬hayā’a) to be shapely,

well-formed, beautiful to look at, present a handsome appearance; -- a (‫ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ‬
hī’a) to desire, crave (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.) II to make ready, get ready, put in readiness
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to prepare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to fix up, fit up, set up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to pave the
way (‫ ل‬for s.o., for s.th.); to arm, mobilize, get in fighting condition (mil.);
to put in order, to order, array, arrange (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to incline, dispose, make
inclined (‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ s.o. to), influence (‫ه‬ ‫ل‬ s.o. in favor of) | ‫ﻫﻴـﺄ اﻷﺳــﺒﺎب ل‬
(asbāba) to pave the way for ...; ‫( ﻫﻴـﺄ ذاﺗـﻪ ل‬dātahū) to prepare o.s. (at heart)
for ...; ‫( ﻫﻴـﺄ ﻓﺮﺻـﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤـﺔ ل‬furṣatan mulā’imatan) to offer a good opportunity
for ... III to agree, come to an agreement (‫ ﰲ ه‬with s.o. about); to concur ( ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ه‬with s.o. in); to adapt o.s., adjust o.s. (‫ ه‬to s.o.) V to be prepared, be in
readiness, be ready, stand ready (‫ ل‬for); to be armed, be prepared for war, be
in fighting condition (mil.); to prepare o.s., get ready (‫ ل‬for); to be possible
Confidential
(‫ ل‬to s.o.); to be well-dressed | ‫ ﻴـﺄ‬tahayya’ make ready! (mil. command) VI
to adapt themselves to one another, make mutual adjustment; to be in
agreement, be agreed
‫ ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ‬hai’a pl. -āt form, shape; exterior, appearance, guise, aspect, bearing;
air, mien, physiognomy; attitude, position; situation, condition, state; group,
(social) class; society, association; body, corporation; organization; board,
commission, committee; corps; cadre, skeleton organization | ‫ﻫﻴﺌــﺔ اﻷﻣــﻢ‬
‫ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‬h. al-umam al-muttaḥida and ‫( اﳍﻴﺌﺔ اﻷﳑﻴﺔ‬umamīya) the United Nations
Organization; ‫( اﳍﻴﺌـﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬ijtimā‘īya) human society; ‫ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ اﻹذاﻋـﺔ اﻟﻼﺳـﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
h. al-idā‘a al-lā-silkīya broadcasting corporation; ‫ ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ ارﻛـﺎن اﳊـﺮب‬h. arkān al-
ḥarb general staff; ‫( ﻫﻴﺌــﺔ ارﻛــﺎن ﺣــﺮب اﻷﺳــﻄﻮل‬usṭūl) naval staff; ‫ﻫﻴﺌــﺔ ﺑﺮﳌﺎﻧﻴــﺔ‬
(barlamānīya) parliamentary group; ‫ ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ اﻟـﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬board of arbitration; jury,
committee of judges, committee of umpires (in sports), the referees (in
military maneuvers); ‫اﻟﺘـﺪرﻳﺲ‬‫ ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ‬teaching staff; faculty, professoriate (of an
academic institution); ‫( )ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺔ )ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ḥukūmīya) governmental agency,
authority; ‫ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ دﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬ ‫( اﳍﻴﺌـﺔ اﻟﺴـﻌﺪﻳﺔ‬sa‘dīya) the Sa’dist

diplomatic corps;
Union (formerly, a political group in Egypt); ‫( ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ ﻃﺒﻴـﺔ‬ṭibbīya) ambulance
1687
corps; ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺑﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ‬niyābīya) representative body, parliamentary body; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ اﳍﻴﺌـﺔ‬

‘ilm al-h. astronomy
‫ ﻫﻲء‬hayyi’, ‫ ﻫﻴﺊ‬hayī’ good-looking, handsome; shapely
‫ ﻴﺌﺔ‬tahyi’a preparation; training; adaptation, adjustment, accommodation
‫ ﻣﻬﺎ ة‬muhāya’a joint usufruct, use or profit sharing (Isl. Law)
O ‫ ﻴﺆ‬tahayyu’ military preparations
‫ ﻴﺆ‬tahayyu’ (mutual) adaptation, (mutual) adjustment
‫ ﻣﻬﻴﺄ‬muhayya’ prepared; ready
‫ )ﻫﻴـﺐ( ﻫـﺎب‬hāba (1st pen. perf. hibtu) a (‫ ﻫﻴﺒـﺔ‬haiba, ‫ ﻣﻬﺎﺑـﺔ‬mahāba) to fear,
dread (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), be afraid (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to stand in awe (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), be awed
(‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬by); to honor, respect, revere, venerate (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) be
dreaded (‫ اﱃ‬by s.o.), make it dreadful to s.o., inspire s.o. (‫ )اﱃ‬with awe (‫ﻫ ـ‬
of); to make s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬appear dreadful or awesome (‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to threaten,
frighten, intimidate, cow, daunt (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.) IV to call out, shout (‫ ب‬to s.o.);
Confidential
to call upon s.o. (‫)ب‬, appeal (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to drive, urge, rouse, egg on,
encourage (‫ب‬
=I
‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to) V = I; to awe, frighten, scare, threaten (‫ ه‬s.o.) VIII
‫ ﻫﻴﺒـﺔ‬haiba fear, dread, awe; reverence, veneration, esteem, respect; awe-

inspiring appearance, venerableness, gravity, dignity; standing, prestige
‫ ﻫﻴﺎب‬hayyāb timid, timorous, shy, diffident; respectful
‫ ﻫﻴـﻮب‬hayūb timid, timorous, shy, diffident; respectful; awful, fearful,
dreadful; awe-inspiring, awesome, venerable
‫ ﻣﻬﺎب‬mahāb object of reverence and respect
‫ ﻣﻬﺎﺑﺔ‬mahāba dignity
‫ ﻴﺐ‬tahayyub fear, dread; awe
‫ ﻣﻬﻮب‬mahūb and ‫ ﻣﻬﻴﺐ‬mahīb dreaded, dreadful, awful
‫ ﻣﻬﻴﺐ‬muhīb awe-inspiring, awesome, venerable; grave, solemn, dignified
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﻴﺐ‬mutahayyib respectful, reverential
‫ ﻫﻴﺖ‬II to call (‫ ب‬s.o.)
‫ ﻫﻴﺖ‬haita, ‫( ﻫﻴﺖ ﻟﻚ‬laka) come here!
1688
‫ ) )ﻫـﻴﺞ(ﻫـﺎج‬hāja i (haij, ‫ ﻫﻴﺠـﺎن‬hayajān, ‫ ﻫﻴـﺎج‬hiyāj) to be astir or stirred up,

be or get excited, agitated; to rise; to awaken, be awakened, spring up
(desire); to be in great excitement, be very upset, be furious, indignant (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
about, at); to run high, be rough, stormy (sea); -- ‫ ﻫـﺎج‬and II to move, stir,
agitate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to stir up, excite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to disturb, trouble, perturb,
disquiet (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to provoke, incite, stimulate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to kindle, ignite,
inflame, incense (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the blood) boil; to awaken, arouse,
evoke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a desire); to bring to light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to irritate, inflame (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an
organ); to drive, urge on, spur on (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th., ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to rouse, start,
scare up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a bird) IV = II; V and VIII to be astir, be restive, be in a state of
commotion, be disturbed, be excited, be agitated; to be awakened, be
(a)roused, be scared up
‫ ﻫـﻴﺞ‬excitement; agitation; commotion, disturbance, turmoil; dissension,
strife; combat, battle
‫ﻫﻴﺠﺎ‬haijā and ‫ ﻫﻴﺠﺎء‬haijā’ fight, combat, battle, war
Confidential
‫ ﻫﻴﺠـﺎن‬hayajān excitement; agitation; commotion, disturbance, turmoil,
tumult; outburst of rage, fury, irritation, indignation, bitterness
‫ ﻫﻴﺎج‬hiyāj excitement; agitation; commotion, disturbance, turmoil, tumult;
outburst of rage, fury, irritation, indignation, bitterness; raging, uproar (of
the elements)
‫ ﻴـﻴﺞ‬tahyīj excitation, agitation, stimulation; provocation, incitement;
instigation; stirring up, fanning; incensement, inflammation; O induction
(el.)
‫ ـﻴﺞ‬tahayyuj disturbance, commotion, turmoil; excitement, agitation;
emotional disturbance; affect (jur.)
‫ ﻫـﺎﺋﺞ‬hā’ij stirring, astir, agitated, in commotion; rough, heaving (sea,
waves); excited, impassioned; angry, furious, enraged | ‫ﻫﺎﺋﺠﻪ‬ ‫ ﻫﺎج‬he became
angry, he flew into a rage
‫ ﻣﻬــﻴﺞ‬muhayyaj exciting, stirring, rousing, stimulating; provocative,
inciting; incendiary, inflammatory; agitator, troublemaker, incendiary,
seditionary, rabble rouser; (pl. -āt) a stimulant, an excitant
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﻴﺞ‬mutahayyij and ‫ ﻣﻬﺘﺎج‬muhtāj agitated, upset, excited, impassioned
‫ ﻫﻴﺪروﺟﲔ‬hīdrōžēn hydrogen
‫ ﻫﲑ‬II to hurl down, topple, tear down, destroy, demolish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1689
‫ ﻫﲑ‬hayyir see ‫ﻫﻮر‬

‫ ﻫﲑاﻃﻴﻘﻲ‬hīrāṭīqī hieratic (writing)
‫ ﻫﲑوﻏﻠﻴﻔﻲ‬hīroglīfī hieroglyphic
‫ ﻫﲑوﻳﻦ‬hīruwīn heroin (chem.)
‫ ) )ﻫﻴﺶ(ﻫﺎش‬hāša i (haiš) to be agitated, excited
‫ ﻫﻴﺶ‬hīš thicket, brush, scrub
‫ ﻫﻴﺸﺔ‬haiša excitement; commotion, turmoil, tumult, riot
‫)ﻫـﺎض )ﻫـﻴﺾ‬ hāḍa i: ‫ﻫـﻴﺾ ﺟﻨﺎﺣـﻪ‬ hīḍa janāḥhū his wing was broken, he
wass powerless
‫ ﻫﻴﻀﺔ‬haiḍa summer cholera, cholera morbus; Asiatic cholera
‫ ﻣﻬـﻴﺾ‬mahīd broken, shattered | ‫ ﻣﻬـﻴﺾ اﳉﻨـﺎح‬m. al-janāḥ broken-winged,
helpless, feeble, sapless
‫ ) )ﻫﻴﻂ(ﻫﺎط‬hāṭa i (haiṭ) to shout, clamor, raise a din, be tumultuous
‫ ﻫﻴﻂ‬haiṭ shouting, clamor, din, uproar, ruckus
‫ ﻫﻴﺎط‬hiyāṭ shouting, clamor | ‫( ﻫﻴﺎط ﻣﻴﺎط‬miyāṭ) tumultuous uproar, ruckus,
Confidential
wild shouting, tumult
‫ ﻫﻴﻄﻞ‬see ‫ﻫﻄﻞ‬
‫ ﻣﻬﻴﻊ‬mahya‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻬﺎﻳﻊ‬mahāyi‘2 broad, paved road
‫ ) )ﻫﻴـﻒ(ﻫـﺎف‬hāfa i (haif) to be parched, thirsty; -- a (haif) to run away
(slave); -- ‫ ﻫﻴﻒ‬hayifa and hāfa a (haif, hayaf) to be slim, slender, slight, frail
‫ ﻫﻴﻒ‬haif parching wind
‫ ﻫﻴﻒ‬hayaf slenderness, slimness
‫ ﻫﻴﻮف‬hayūf burned up with thirst
‫ ﻫﻴﻔﺎن‬haifān2 parched; thirsty
‫ اﻫﻴﻒ‬ahyaf2, f. ‫ ﻫﻴﻔﺎء‬haifā’2, pl. ‫ ﻫﻴﻒ‬hīf slender, slim; slight, frail, wispy
‫ ﻫﻴﻜـﻞ‬haikal pl. ‫ ﻫﻴﺎﻛـﻞ‬hayākil2 temple; large building, edifice; altar;
skeleton; framework (of a structure), frame; chassis (of an automobile);
colossal, gigantic, huge
‫ ﻫﻴﻜﻠـﻲ‬haikalī: ‫( ﻣﻨـﺎورة ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬munāwara) cadre maneuver, skeleton exercise
(mil.)
1690
1‫ ) )ﻫﻴـﻞ( ﻫـﺎل‬hāla i (hail) to pour, strew, sprinkle (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. on) II and IV
do.; to pile up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬sand, earth; said of the wind) VII to be heaped up, be
poured in a heap, fall in a heap; to rain down (bombs); to shower (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ب‬
s.o. with), assail (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., ‫ ب ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. with; instead of ‫ ب‬also accusative of a
verbal noun) | ‫وﺷـﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫( ا ـﺎل ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺿـﺮ‬ḍarban wa-šatman) he fell upon her with
blows and abusive language
‫ ﻫﻴــﻞ‬hail piled-up sand | ‫( اﳍﻴــﻞ واﳍﻴﻠﻤــﺎن‬hailamān) heaps of money,
enormous sums
‫ ﻫﻴﻼن‬hayalān sand heap
‫ ا ﻴﺎل‬inhiyāl, ‫ ا ﻴﺎل اﻷرض‬inh. al-arḍ landslide
2‫ ﻫﻴﻮل‬hayūl mote, atom
3‫ ﻫﻴﻮﱃ‬hayūlā, hayyūlā primordial matter; matter; substance
‫ ﻫﻴﻮﱄ‬hayūlī material (adj.)
‫ ﻫﻴﻮﻻﱐ‬hayulānī material (adj.)
‫ ) )ﻫـﻴﻢ(ﻫـﺎم‬hāma i (haim, ‫ ﻫﻴﻤـﺎن‬hayamān) to fall in love (‫ ب‬with); to be in
Confidential
love (‫ ب‬with); to be enthusiastic, ecstatic, frantic, beside o.s.; to be in
raptures, be crazy (‫ ب‬about), be gone on (‫ ;)ب‬to roam, rove, wander |
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻬﻪ‬wajhihī) to wander aimlessly about; ‫( ﻫﺎم ﰲ ود ن‬widyān) approx.:

‫ﻫـﺎم‬
he was no longer himself, he was floating in higher regions, he was beside

himself, he was out of his senses; ‫ﻧﻈﺎرﻩ‬ ‫ ﻫﺎم‬to let one’s eyes wander; -- (‫ﻫﻴﺎم‬
huyām, hiyām) to thirst (‫ ب‬for) II to confuse, bewilder, puzzle, mystify,
mislead (‫ ه‬s.o.); to infatuate, enchant, captivate, carry away, rob of his
senses (‫ ه‬s.o.; of love) X pass. ‫ اﺳـﺘﻬﻴﻢ‬ustuhīma to be infatuated, enchanted,

captivated, carried away; to be passionately in love
‫ ﻫﻴﺎم‬huyām, hiyām passionate love; burning thirst
‫ ﻫﻴﻮم‬hayūm confused, puzzled, baffled, mystified, perplexed
‫ ﻫﻴﻤﺎن‬haimān2, f. ‫ ﻫﻴﻤﻰ‬haimā, pl. ‫ ﻫﻴﺎم‬hiyām, madly in love; very thirsty
‫ ﻫـﺎﺋﻢ‬hā’im pl. ‫ ﻫـﻴﻢ‬huyyam, ‫ ﻫﻴـﺎم‬huyyām perplexed, mystified, baffled,
puzzled, confused; out of one’s senses, beside o.s.; in love, mad with love
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﺎم‬mustahām in love, mad with love
1691
‫ ﻫـﻴﻤﻦ‬haimana to say “amen”; to guard (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), watch (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬over s.o.),

watch narrowly (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.), keep an eye on (‫ ;)ﻋﻠﻰ‬to control (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻫﻴﻤﻨــﺔ‬haimana supervision, superintendence, surveillance; control;
suzerainty, supremacy, ascendancy, hegemony
‫ ﻣﻬــﻴﻤﻦ‬muhaimin supervising, superintending, controlling; guardian;
protector; master (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬of s.th., also, e.g., of a situation)
‫ ﻫﲔ‬and ‫ ﻫﻴﻨﺔ‬see 1‫ﻫﻮن‬
‫ ﻫﻴﻨﻢ‬hainama to murmur softly
‫ ﻫﻴﻪ‬hīh (interj.) hey! Let’s go! step lively! look alive!
‫ ﻫﻴﻬـﺎت‬haihātu, haihāt, haihāti but oh! far from the mark! wrong! what an
idea! how preposterous! | ‫ ﻫﻴﻬﺎت ان‬it is absolutely out of the question that ...;
‫ ﻫﻴﻬـﺎت ان ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ ﻛـﺬا‬how far he is from doing so! ‫ ﻫﻴﻬـﺎت ﺑـﲔ ﻫـﺬا وذاك‬what a
difference between them! how different they are! ‫ وﻫﻴﻬـﺎت ﻟـﻚ ذﻟـﻚ‬and how
impossible is this to you!
Confidential
1692
‫و‬
‫ و‬wa 1. and; and also, and ... too | ‫ وﻻ واﺣـﺪ‬not one, not a single one; -- 2.
(with foll. acc.) with | ‫ وا ﻩ‬wa-iyyāhu with him; ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻔـﻖ وﻣﺒـﺎدﺋﻬﻢ‬ (yattafiqu,
mabādi’ahum) it is not in agreement with their principles; -- 3. introducing
circumstantial (ḥāl) clauses: while, as, when, whereas | ‫وﻫﻢ ﻳﺒﺘﺴﻢ‬ ‫( ﻗﺎل‬he said
while he smiled) he said with a smile; ‫ﻃﺎﻟﻌـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺟـﺎء واﻟﺸـﻤﺲ‬šamsu) he arrived
at sunrise; -- 4. (with foll. genit.) by (in oaths) | ‫ وﷲ‬by God! – 5. (with foll.
genit.) many a, how many | ‫ﺷـﺮﺑﺖ‬ ‫( وﻛـﺄس‬ka’sin) many a cup have I emptied!
how many cups I have drunk! -- ‫ أو‬a-wa ‫أ‬
‫ واﻻ‬wa-illā (and if not), otherwise, else
‫ وإن‬wa-in even if, even though, although
‫ وﻟﻮ‬wa-lau even if, even though, even in case that
‫ وﻟﻜـﻦ‬wa-lākin, wa-lākinna (the latter with foll. acc. or pers. suffix) but,
however, yet
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‫ وا‬toll (with the foll. noun ending in -āh) oh | ‫ وا اﺳـﻔﺎﻩ‬wā-asafāh! oh grief!
alas!
‫( واﺑـﻮر‬Fr. vapeur; colloq.) wābūr pl. -āt steam engine; steamer, steamship;
locomotive, railroad, train; factory, mill; machine, engine, apparatus; hot
plate, heater, stove | ‫ واﺑـﻮر اﻛﺴـﱪﻳﺲ‬express train; ‫ واﺑـﻮر اﻟﺒﻀـﺎﻋﺔ‬freight train,
goods train; ‫ واﺑــﻮر اﻟﺮﻛـﺎب‬w. ar-rukkāb passenger train; ‫ واﺑـﻮر‬w. ar.ri""
irrigation pump; ‫ واﺑـﻮر اﻟـﺰﻟﻂ‬w. az-zalaṭ (eg.) steamroller; ‫ واﺑـﻮر ﻃـﺎرة‬w. ṭāra
paddle steamer; ‫ واﺑـﻮر اﻟﻌـﺎدة‬w. al-‘āda local train, accommodation train, way
train
‫ وات‬wāt watt (el.)
‫ واﺣﺔ‬wāḥa pl. -āt oasis
‫ وأد‬wa’ada ‫ ﻳﺌـﺪ‬ya’idu to bury alive (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a newborn girl) V and VIII ‫ا د‬
itta’ada to be slow, act or proceed deliberately, tarry, hesitate, temporize (‫ل‬
in s.th.) | ‫ﻣﺸﻴﺘﺔ‬ ‫( ا د ﰲ‬mišyatihī) to walk slowly, unhurriedly, saunter
‫ وﺋﻴــﺪ‬wa’ād deliberate, unhurried, slow; deliberateness; ‫ وﺋﻴــﺪا‬wa’īdan
slowly; gradually
1693
‫ ﺗــﺆدة‬tu’ada deliberateness, slowness | ‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺗــﺆدة‬slowly, deliberately,

unhurriedly
‫ ﻣﺘﺌﺪ‬mutta’id slow
‫ وأر‬wa’ara ‫ ﻳﺌـﺮ‬ya’iru (wa’r) to frighten (‫ ه‬s.o.) X to be frightened, be
struck with terror
‫ وارﺳﻮ‬warsō Warsaw (capital of Poland)
‫ واﺷﻨﻄﻮن‬wāšinṭōn Washington
‫ واط‬wāṭ watt (el.)
‫واق واق‬ wāqwāq in the description, of Arab geographers, name of two
different groups of island (one east of China, the other located in the Indian
Ocean)
‫ ﻣﻮﺋﻞ‬mau’il refuge, asylum
‫ وأم‬III to agree, be in agreement (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬with); to suit (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), be
suited (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬to), harmonize (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬with) VI to agree, tally, humanize
‫ و م‬wi’ām agreement; unity, concord, harmony
‫ ﻣﻮاءﻣﺔ‬muwā’ama agreement; unity, concord, harmony
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‫ واﻩ‬wāha, ‫ واﻫـﺎ‬wāhā (interj.) with ‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬to express admiration: how
wonderful is (are) …! with ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to express regret: alas …! too bad for ...!
‫ واو‬wāw name of the letter ‫و‬
‫ وﺋﻴﺔ‬wa’īya kettle
‫ وﺑـﺊ‬wabi’a ‫ ﻳـﻮ‬yawba’u ( ‫ و‬waba’), ‫ وﺑــﺆ‬wabu’a u (‫ و ء‬wabā’, ‫و ءة‬
wabā’a) and pass. ‫وﺑــﺊ‬ wubi’a to be plague-stricken, infected, infested,
poisoned, contaminated
‫ و‬waba’ pl. ‫ او ء‬aubā’ infectious disease; epidemic
‫ و ء‬wabā’ pl. ‫ اوﺑﺌﺔ‬aubi’a infectious disease; epidemic
‫ و ﺋﻲ‬wabā’ī infectious, contagious; epidemic(al); pestilential
‫ وﺑـﺊ‬wabi’ and ‫ وﰊء‬wabī’ infected, poisoned, contaminated, infested;
plague-stricken, plague-ridden, plague-infected
‫ ﻣﻮﺑـﻮء‬maubū’ poisoned, contaminated, infested; infected, stricken (‫ ب‬by),
affected (‫ ب‬with)
‫ وﺑﺦ‬II to reprimand, rebuke, censure, reprove, scold, chide (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ه‬s.o. for)
1694
‫ ﺗﻮﺑﻴﺦ‬taubīk reproach, reproof, censure; reprimand, rebuke

‫ وﺑﺮ‬wabira ‫ ﻳﻮﺑﺮ‬yaubaru (wabar) to have abundant hair or wool, be covered
with thick hair, be hirsute, hairy
‫ وﺑـﺮ‬wabr pl. ‫ وﺑـﻮر‬wubūr, ‫ و ر‬wibār, ‫ و رة‬wibāra daman (Hyrax syriaca:
zool.)
‫ وﺑـﺮ‬wabar pl. ‫ او ر‬aubār hair, fur of camels and goats (furnishing the
material for tents) ‫ اﻫﻞ اﻟﻮﺑﺮ‬ahl al-w. the Bedouins (as distinguished from ‫اﻫﻞ‬
‫)اﳌﺪر‬
‫ وﺑﺮ‬wabir covered with hair, hairy, hirsute
‫ اوﺑﺮ‬aubar2 f. ‫ وﺑﺮاء‬wabrā’ covered with hair, hairy, hirsute
‫ ﻣﻮﺑﺮ‬muwabbar hairy, woolly
‫ وﺑﺶ‬wabaš trash, rubbish, bosh; pl. ‫ او ش‬awbāš rabble, riffraff
‫ وﺑﻖ‬wabaqa ‫ ﻳﺒﻖ‬yabiqu and wabiqa ‫ ﻳﻮﺑﻖ‬yaubaqu (wabaq, ‫ وﺑﻮق‬wubūq, ‫ﻣﻮﺑﻖ‬
maubiq) to perish, go to ruin, be destroyed IV to ruin (‫ ه‬s.o.); to debase,
Confidential
humiliate, mortify (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻮﺑﻖ‬maubiq place of destruction, of perdition; prison, jail
‫ ﻣﻮﺑﻘﺔ‬mūbiqa pl. -āt grave offence; act of violence, crime; mortal sin
‫ وﺑـﻞ‬wabala ‫ ﻳﺒـﻞ‬yabilu (wabl) to shed heavy rain (sky); -- wabula ‫ﻳﻮﺑـﻞ‬
yaubulu (wabal, ‫ول‬ wabāl, ‫و ﻟـﺔ‬ wabāla, ‫وﺑـﻮل‬ wubūl) to be unhealthy,
unwholesome, noxious (climate, air)
‫ وﺑﻞ‬wabl downpour
‫ و ل‬wabāl unhealthiness of the air or climate; evil consequences of a
deed; harm, evil, curse
‫ وﺑﻴﻞ‬wabīl unhealthy, unwholesome (climate, food); of evil consequences,
hurtful, noxious, calamitous, disastrous, pernicious
‫ واﺑـﻞ‬wābil heavy downpour; (fig.) hail, shower | ‫اﻣﻄـﺮﻩ واﺑـﻼ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺮﺻـﺎص‬
(raṣāṣ) to shower s.o. with a hail of bullets; ‫( اﻣﻄـﺮ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ واﺑـﻼ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺸـﺘﻢ‬šatm) to
shower s.o. with a flood of abuse
‫ وﺑـﻪ‬wabaha, wabiha ‫ ﻳﻮﺑـﻪ‬yaubahu (wabh) and IV to heed, mind (‫ ل‬or ‫ب‬
s.o.), pay attention (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬to), take notice (‫ ل‬or ‫ ب‬of)
1695
‫ وﺗـﺪ‬II to drive or ram in firmly (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a peg or stake); to fix, fasten, secure (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) | ‫ﺑﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫( وﺗﺪ ﰲ‬baitihī) to stay at home
‫ وﺗﺪ‬watad, watid pl. ‫ او د‬autād peg, pin; tent pin, tent peg; stake, pole
‫ وﺗـﺮ‬watara ‫ ﻳـﱰ‬yatiru (watr) to string, provide with a string (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the bow); to
wrong, harm (‫ ه‬s.o.), cheat, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬out of, with regard to) II to
stretch, strain, draw tight, tighten, pull taut (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a rope, a musical string, and
the like) III to do or perform (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) at intervals, intermittently, with
interruptions IV to string, provide with a string (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the bow) V to be or
become strained, stretched, tight, taut | ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫‘( ﺗﻮﺗﺮت‬alāqāt) relations were
strained VI to follow in uninterrupted succession; to repeat itself, recur
‫ وﺗﺮ‬witr uneven, odd (number); ‫ وﺗﺮا‬singly, one by one, separately
‫ وﺗﺮي‬watrī, witrī uneven, odd (number)
‫ وﺗـﺮ‬watar pl. ‫ او ر‬autār string (of a bow, of a musical instrument); sinew,
tendon (anat.); chord (geom.); hypotenuse (geom.) | ‫ﺿـﺮب ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﻮﺗﺮ اﳊﺴـﺎس‬
Confidential
(ḥassās) to touch on a sensitive spot, get to the heart of a matter; ‫وﺗـﺮ ﺻـﻮﰐ‬
(ṣautī) vocal cord
‫ وﺗﺮى‬watarī stringed, string- (in compounds)
‫ وﺗـﲑة‬watīra pl. ‫ و ﺋـﺮ‬watā’ir2 manner, way; mode, fashion; procedure,
method; style; tone ‫اﻟـﻮﺗﲑة‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬in this manner, this way; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺗـﲑة واﺣـﺪة‬in
the same manner; uniformly, in unison; ‫اﻟـﻮﺗﲑة‬ ‫ اﺳـﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬he continued in
this tone
‫ ﺗﱰى‬tatrā one after the other, one by one, in succession, successively
‫ ﺗﻮﺗﺮ‬tawattur tension (also el. = voltage); strain | ‫ ﺗﻮﺗﺮ اﻷﻋﺼﺎب‬nervousness,
nervous tension; ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫( ﺗﻮﺗﺮ‬siyāsī) political tension
‫ ﺗـﻮاﺗﺮ‬tawātur succession; repetition, recurrence; frequency, constancy,
incessancy, continuance; persistence; frequency (el.) | ‫ﺗـﻮاﺗﺮ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬successively,
one after the other, in succession
‫ ﻣﻮﺗـﻮر‬mautūr one who has been wronged by the murder of a relative, hut
to whom blood revenge is still denied
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬mutawattir stretched, strained, taut, tense, rigid, firm, tight
1696
‫ ﻣﺘﻮاﺗﺮ‬mutawātir successive
‫ وﺗﲔ‬watīn pl. ‫ وﺗﻦ‬wutun ‫ اوﺗﻨﺔ‬autina aorta
‫ وﺗـﻰ‬III to come (‫ ه‬to, upon; of s.th. pleasant), befall (‫ ه‬s.o.; s.th.
pleasant); to be complaisant, obliging (‫ ه‬toward s.o.), oblige (‫ ه‬s.o.); to be
favorable, propitious (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to be convenient (‫ ه‬to s.o.), suit (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
turn out successful, be a success (‫ ه‬for s.o.); to be suited, suitable (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
become, befit (‫ ه‬s.o.), go well with (‫ ;)ه‬to agree (‫ ه‬with; of food)
‫ ﻣ ـﻮات‬muwātin pleasant, agreeable, pleasing, appealing, engaging,
winning, becoming: favorable, propitious
‫ و‬wata’a ‫ ﻳﺜـﺄ‬yata’u (‫ وثء‬wat’ to bruise, contuse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a limb); to wrench,
sprain (‫ ﻫـ‬a limb); -- ‫ وﺛـﺊ‬wati’a ‫ ﻳﺜـﺄ‬yata’u ( ‫ و‬wata’, ‫ وﺛـﻮء‬wutū’) and pass. ‫وﺛـﺊ‬
wuti’a to get bruised, be wrenched, be sprained IV = I wata’a
‫ وثء‬wat’ contusion, bruise; sprain, wrench
‫ و ءة‬watā’a contusion, bruise; sprain, wrench
‫ وﺛـﺐ‬wataba ‫ ﻳﺜـﺐ‬yatibu (watb, ‫ وﺛـﻮب‬wutūb, ‫ وﺛﻴـﺐ‬watīb, ‫ وﺛﺒـﺎن‬watabān) to
Confidential
jump, leap, spring, bound; to skip, hop, caper; to jump up, start; to jump up
and run (‫ اﱃ‬to); to rush (‫ اﱃ‬to), make a rush (‫ اﱃ‬for); to jump, dash (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at
s.o.), pounce, fall (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬upon s.o.) 11 and IV to make (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) jump,
bounce (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) III to pounce, fall (‫ ﻫـ‬upon s.th.) V to jump up, start; to rush,
dash (‫ اﱃ‬to, at); to hop, skip, bound, leap, jump; to approach eagerly, with
enthusiasm, tackle energetically (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.); to pounce (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ,‫ﰲ‬ upon); to

awaken, recover, rise VI to jump, leap, spring, hound, make a jump; to be
fast, abort, come pantingly (breathing)
‫ وﺛﺐ‬wajb jump(ing), leap(ing) | ‫( وﺛﺐ ﻟﺰاﻧﺔ‬zāna) pole vault(ing); ‫وﺛﺐ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
broad jump; ‫ﻋﺎل‬ ‫‘( وﺛﺐ‬ālin) high jump; ‫ ﲣﻄﻰ وﺛﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮق‬to hurdle over ...
‫ وﺛﺒــﺔ‬watba (n. vic.) pl. watabāt jump, leap, bound; attack; daring
enterprise, bold undertaking; riae; awakening | ‫وﺛﺒــﺔ اﺣﺴﺎﺳــﻴﺔ‬ (iḥsāsīya)
impulsive motion
‫ و ب‬wattāb given to jumping, bouncy, full of bounce; fiery, hotheaded,
impetuous; dashing, daring, enterprising
‫ ﻣﻮاﺛﺒـﺔ‬muwātaba prompt assertion of a claim in the presence of witnesses
(Isl. Law)
1697
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺛﺐ‬mutawattib awakening, rising; vigorous, energetic

‫ وﺛـﺮ‬watura ‫ ﻳـﻮﺛﺮ‬yauturu (‫ و رة‬watāra) to be soft (bed); -- watara ‫ ﻳﺜـﺮ‬yatiru
(watr) to make soft, make smooth (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., esp., the bed)
‫ وﺛﺮ‬watir son, snug, cozy, comfortable (bed, seat); smooth (cloth)
‫ وﺛﲑ‬watīr soft, snug, cozy, comfortable (bed, seat); smooth (cloth)
‫ و ر‬witār soft bed
‫ ﻣﻴﺜﺮة‬mītara pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺛﺮ‬mawātir2, ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﺛﺮ‬mayātir2 saddlecloth, blanket, drape
‫ وﺛـﻖ‬watiqa ‫ ﻳﺜـﻖ‬yatiqu (‫ ﺛﻘـﺔ‬tiqa, ‫ وﺛـﻮق‬wutūq) to place one’s confidence, put
faith (‫ ب‬in)) rely, depend (‫ ب‬on), trust (‫ ب‬in; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ان‬that), be confident (‫ب‬
of; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ان‬that) | ‫( ﻳﻮﺛـﻖ ﺑـﻪ‬yūtaqu) trustworthy, reliable; ‫ وﺛـﻖ ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﻨﻔﺲ‬to have
self-confidence; -- watuqa ‫ ﻳﻮﺛﻖ‬yautuqu (‫ﻗـﺔ‬ ‫ و‬watāqa) to be firm, solid; to be

sure, be certain (‫ ﻣــﻦ‬of) II to make firm or solid, strengthen, cement,
consolidate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to document, authenticate, confirm, certify (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
attest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), notarize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), draw up a notarial deed (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over); to link
Confidential
firmly, hind closely (‫ﺑـﲔ‬ -- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬s.o. to) III to enter into an agreement, make
a treaty (‫ ه‬with s.o.) | ‫( واﺛـﻖ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬nafsahū) to make a firm resolution on,
intend firmly to (do s.th.) IV to tie, fasten (‫ ب ه‬s.th. to); to hind, tie up,
fetter (‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ s.o. with) V to he firm, consolidated, firmly established; to

proceed with confidence, act trustfully (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.) X to make sure, make
certain (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of), check, verify (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to have confidence (‫ ه‬in s.o.), trust
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﺛﻘـﺔ‬tiqa trust, confidence, faith, reliance | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺛﻘـﺔ‬trusting (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬in), relying
(‫ ﻣﻦ‬on), confident, certain, sure (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of); ‫اﻧﻪ‬ ‫ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬he is certain that he
...; ‫ﺛﻘــﺔ ﻟﻨﺼــﺮ‬ (naṣr) confidence in victory; ‫ﺛﻘــﺔ ﻟــﻨﻔﺲ‬ or ‫ﺛﻘــﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺴــﻪ‬ self-
confidence, self-reliance; ‫ اﺧـﻮ ﺛﻘـﺔ‬trustworthy; ‫‘ ﻋـﺪم اﻟﺜﻘـﺔ‬adam at-t. distrust,
mistrust; ‫اﻟﺜﻘـﺔ‬ ‫( ﻃﻠﺐ ﻋـﺪم‬ṭalab) motion of “no confidence” (parl.); -- tiqa pl. -
āt trustworthy, reliable; trustworthy person, trusted agent, informant,
reliable authority or source; pl. authorities | O ‫‘( ﺛﻘـﺔ ﻋﺴـﻜﺮي‬askarī) military
expert
1698
‫ و ق‬watāq, witāq pl. ‫ وﺛﻖ‬wutuq tie, bond, fetter, shackle, chain (also fig.) |
‫( ﺷﺪ و ﻗﻪ‬šadda) to tie s.o. up. fetter, shackle s.o.
‫ و ﻗﺔ‬watāqa firmness solidity, strength
‫ وﺛﻴـﻖ‬watīq pl. ‫ و ق‬witāq firm, strong, solid; safe, secure, dependable,
reliable
‫ وﺛﻴﻘـﺔ‬watīqa pl. ‫ و ﺋـﻖ‬watā’iq2 document, deed, writ, instruments, paper,
record, voucher, certificate, receipt, policy; diplomatic note | ‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘـﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤـﻰ‬
(‘uẓmā) the Magna Charta; ‫اﻟﺘﻔﻮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ وﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬warrant of attorney (jur.)
‫ اوﺛﻖ‬autaq2, ‫ وﺛﻘﻲ‬wutqā firmer, stronger
‫ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ‬mautiq pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺛﻖ‬mawātiq2 covenant, agreement, contract, treaty, pact
‫ ﻣﻴﺜﺎق‬mātāq pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺛﻖ‬mawātiq2 covenant, agreement, contract, treaty, pact,
alliance; charter | ‫ ﻣﻴﺜـﺎق ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ اﻷﻣـﻢ اﳌﺘﺤـﺪة‬m. hai’at al-umam al-muttaḥida the
Charter of the United Nations; ‫ ﻣﻴﺜــﺎق ﻋــﺪم اﻻﻋﺘــﺪاء‬m. ‘adam al-i‘tidā’
nonaggression pact
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‫ ﺗﻮﺛﻴــﻖ‬tautīq consolidation, strengthening, cementation; documentation,
authentication, attestation, notarization; functions of a notary public,
notariate | ‫اﻟﺪﻳﻮن‬ ‫ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ‬consolidation of debts, specif., consolidation of several
government loans into an overall public debt
‫ ﺗﻮﺛﻘﺔ‬tautiqa security, surety, guaranty
‫ و ق‬witāq see watāq above
‫ واﺛﻖ‬wātiq trusting, confident, certain, sure
‫ ﻣﻮﺛﻮق‬mautūq: ‫ ﻣﻮﺛﻮق ﺑﻪ‬trustworthy, reliable, dependable; ‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﻮﺛﻮق ﺑﻪ‬
(maṣdar) from a reliable source
‫ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ‬muwattiq pl. -ūn notary public
‫ وﺛﻞ‬watal palm-fiber rope, manila rope, hemp rope
‫ وﺛﻴﻞ‬watīl palm-fiber rope, manila rope, hemp rope
‫ وﺛﻦ‬watan pl. ‫ وﺛﻦ‬wutun, ‫ او ن‬autān graven image, idol
‫ وﺛﲏ‬watanī idolater, pagan, heathen; pagan, idolatrous
‫ وﺛﻨﻴﺔ‬watanīya paganism
‫ وﺟــﺐ‬wajaba ‫ ﳚــﺐ‬yajibu (‫ وﺟــﻮب‬wujūb) to be necessary, requisite,
obligatory, indispensable; to be incumbent, imposed, enjoined (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), be
1699
s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻠﻰ‬duty | ‫ وﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ان‬it is his duty to ..., he is in duty hound to ..., he
has to …, he must ...; ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ‬as it should be, as it must be, comme il faut;
-- (wajb, ‫ وﺟﻴـﺐ‬wajīb, ‫ وﺟﺒـﺎن‬wajabān) to throb, beat, palpitate (heart) II to
make s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬duty, make s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬incumbent (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.o.),
impose, enjoin (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.th. on s.o.), obligate (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. to) IV to make s.th.
(‫ )ﻫـ‬s.o.’s (‫ )ﻋﻠﻰ‬duty, make s.th. (‫ )ﻫـ‬incumbent (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on), impose, enjoin ( ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. on s.o.), make necessary, obligatory, binding (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. for s.o.),
obligate (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o., ‫ﻫـ‬ to); to decide positively (‫ل‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th. in favor of s.o.),
adjudge, adjudicate, award, grant (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ل‬s.th. to s.o.) X to deserve, merit (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), be worthy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to be entitled, have a title (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), have a claim (‫ﻫ ـ‬
on); to deem necessary or obligatory (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) | ‫اﻟﺸـﻜﺮ‬ ‫( ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬šukra) an

act deserving of thanks, a meritorious undertaking
‫ وﺟﺒـﺔ‬wajba pl. wajabāt meal, repast; menu (syr.) | ‫ وﺟﺒـﺔ اﻟﻄﻌـﺎم‬w. aṭ-ṭa’ām
‫وﺟﺒـﺔ ﺷـﻔﺔ‬
Confidential
meal, repast; dry rations, emergency ration (approx.: D ration;
mil.)
‫ اﳚـﺎب‬ījāb obligation, liability, commitment; affirmation; confirmation,
assertion; consent, assent; positive reaction, compliance; offer of contract,
offer (jur.) | ‫ل‬ ‫ اﳚـﺎ‬in conformity with, in accordance with, according to, in
pursuance of;‫ ﳏـﻞ اﻹﳚـﺎب‬maḥall al-i. competent authority; ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟـﻊ اﻹﳚـﺎب‬the
competent authorities; ‫ رد )اﺟـﺎب( ﻹﳚـﺎب‬to answer in the affirmative, say
yes
‫ اﳚﺎﰊ‬ījābī positive; affirmative; active (defense)
‫ اﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ījābīya positivism
‫ واﺟــﺐ‬wājib necessary, requisite, essential, indispensable, inevitable,
unavoidable, inescapable; incumbent, imperative, binding, obligatory;
proper, adequate, fair; -- (pl. -āt, ‫وﺟﺎﺋــﺐ‬ wajā’ib2) duty, obligation;
incumbency; requirement, exigency, necessity; task, assignment | ‫واﺟـﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴــﻚ‬ it is your duty; ‫ﻳــﺮى ﻣــﻦ واﺟﺒــﻪ‬ he considers it his duty; ‫ﻟﻮاﺟــﺐ‬
obligatorily; dutifully, duly; deservedly; ‫ واﺟـﺐ اﻟﻌـﺮض‬w. al-‘arḍ suitable for
presentation (petition, application); ‫ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫( واﺟﺒﺎت‬manzilīya) homework (of a
student)
1700
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮب‬maujūb moral obligation, dictate, injunction

‫ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ‬mūjib obligating, necessitating, requiring, inducing, motivating,
causing; (pl. -āt) cause, reason, motive; need, exigency, requirement,
necessity; matter of decorum, formality | ‫ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬according to, in
accordance with; on the basis of, on account of; by virtue of, on the strength
of; ‫ل‬ ‫( ﻻ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬mujiba) there is no reason for ..., one need not ...
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺒـﺔ‬mūjiba cause, reason, motive, deed entailing certain inevitable
consequences
‫ ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ‬mūjab necessary, requisite, obligatory, made binding; effect,
consequence; affirmative (gram.); positive (also, e.g., el.)
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬mujaba affirmative sentence
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬mustaujib deserving, worthy
‫ وﺟـﺪ‬wajada ‫ ﳚـﺪ‬yajidu (‫ وﺟـﻮد‬wujūd) to find (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to hit upon s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬,
come across s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, meet with s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to get, obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to invent,
make up (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th. as); to find (good, bad) (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); pass. wujida (‫وﺟـﻮد‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ‬
Confidential
wujūd): to be found, be there, exist; to be; yūjadu there is (are); --
(wajd) to experience, feel, sense (‫ ﻫ ـ‬affections, afflictions); to suffer, be in a
state of painful agitation; to love (‫ ب‬s.o.), be impassioned (‫ ب‬by), long

ardently, languish (‫ ب‬for); -- i u (wajd) to be angry (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with), have a
grudge (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬against) IV to produce, evoke, provoke. engender, bring into
being, originate, cause, bring about (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to create, make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
achieve, accomplish, effect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to invent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to let (‫ ه‬s.o.) find
or obtain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), get, procure (‫ه‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.o., s.th.), furnish, supply (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to
s.o. s.th.); to force, compel (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. to) V to be passionately in love (‫ب‬
with); to grieve (g or ‫ب‬ for) VI to show up, turn up, come; to exist, be
existent, be there, be available; to affect passion
‫ وﺟﺪ‬wajd strong emotion, emotional upset; passion, ardor; ecstasy of love
‫ وﺟـﺪان‬wijdān passionate excitement; ecstasy; emotional life, psychic
forces; feeling, sentiment
‫ وﺟﺪاﱐ‬wijdānī emotional; psychic, mental; sentimental
‫ وﺟـﻮد‬wujūd finding, discovery; being; existence; presence; whereabouts;
stay, visit
1701
‫ وﺟــﻮدي‬wujūdī existential; existentialist | ‫( اﻟﻔﻠﺴــﻔﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻮدﻳــﺔ‬falsafa)

existentialism
‫ ﻣﻮﺟــﺪة‬maujida feeling, emotion, passion, excitement; anger, grudge,
resentment, ill will
‫ اﳚــﺎد‬ījād creation, procreation, production, origination; procuring,
procurement, furnishing, supply; calculation, computation, evaluation
‫ واﺟـﺪ‬wājid finding; finder; agitated, excited, upset, worried (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about);
in love (‫ ب‬with)
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬maujūd found; available, on hand, existing, existent; present; living
being, creature; stock, store, supply; pl. -āt everything in existence, the
creation; (com.) assets, stocks
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺪ‬mūjid originator, author, creator
‫ وﺟﺮ‬wajr pl. ‫ اوﺟﺎر‬aujār cave, cavern, grotto; den, lair, habitation
‫ وﺟﺮة‬wajra, wajara pitfall
‫ وﺟﺎر‬wijār pl. ‫ اوﺟﺮة‬aujira cave (of wild animals), den, lair, burrow
‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎر‬mījār pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺟﲑ‬mawājīr2 bat; racket; earthen kneading trough
Confidential
‫ وﺟـﺰ‬wajaza ‫ ﳚـﺰ‬yajizu and wajuza ‫ ﻳـﻮﺟﺰ‬yaujuzu (wajz, ‫ وﺟـﺎزة‬wajāza, ‫وﺟـﻮز‬
wajūz) to be brief, succinct, terse, concise, summary IV to be concise, terse;
to be brief, succinct (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬in); to abridge, summarize, epitomize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
make it short
‫ وﺟﺰ‬wajz short, brief, succinct; terse, concise, summary, compendious
‫ وﺟﻴـﺰ‬wajīz short, brief, succinct; terse, concise, summary, compendious |
‫ﺑـﻮﺟﻴﺰ اﻟﻌﺒـﺎرة‬ briefly stated, in a few words, reduced to its essentials, in a
nutshell
‫ اﳚــﺎز‬ījāz shortness, brevity, succinctness; conciseness, terseness;
abridgment | ‫اﳚــﺎزا‬ or ‫ﻹﳚــﺎز‬ in short, briefly, concisely; ‫واﻟﻴﻜﻬــﺎ ﻹﳚــﺎز‬
(ilaikahā) the matter is, briefly, as follows
‫ ﻣـﻮﺟﺰ‬mūjaz summarized; concise, terse; abstract, epitome; outline, brief
sketch; summary, résumé
‫ وﺟـﺲ‬wajasa ‫ ﳚـﺲ‬yajisu (wajs, ‫ وﺟﺴـﺎن‬wajasān) to be apprehensive, be
afraid, be worried, be seized with fear IV to have presentiments,
forebodings, apprehensions; to have a presentiment (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), fear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be
afraid, apprehensive, in dread (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to feel, sense, realize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be
1702
aware (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of) | ‫ﺧﻴﻔـﺔ‬ ‫( اوﺟـﺲ‬kīfatan) to have a sensation of`fear; ‫اوﺟـﺲ ﻓﻴـﻪ اﳌﻠـﻞ‬
(malala) to feel that s.o. is bored, sense s.o.’s boredom V = IV; to listen
anxiously, apprehensively (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to taste, nibble, sip (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) | ‫ﺗـﻮﺟﺲ ﺷـﺮا‬
‫( ﻣﻦ‬šarran) to regard s.th. as an evil omen
‫ وﺟﺲ‬wajs fear, apprehension, anxiety, concern, uneasiness
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﺲ‬tawajjus timorousness, timidity, apprehensiveness
‫ واﺟﺲ‬wājis disquieting thought, foreboding, evil premonition
‫ وﺟـﻊ‬waji‘a ‫ ﻳﻮﺟـﻊ‬yauja‘u (waja‘) to feel pain, be in pain; to hurt, pain (‫ه‬
s.o.) IV to
cause pain (‫ ه‬to s.o.); to pain. hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to suffer pain, be in pain; to
voice one’s pain, give vent to one’s pain, to lament; to feel grid, sorrow or
pity, feel sorry, feel compassion (‫ ل‬for s.o.), commiserate (‫ ل‬with), pity (‫ل‬
s.o.)
‫ وﺟـﻊ‬waja‘ pl. ‫ اوﺟـﺎع‬aujā‘, ‫ وﺟـﺎع‬wijā‘ pain, ache; ailment | ‫ وﺟـﻊ اﻟﺴـﻦ‬w. as-
sinn toothache; ‫اﻟﻮﺟـﻊ ﺑﻜﺒـﺪك‬ (bi-kabidika) an imprecation (lit.: may pain
Confidential
strike your liver!)
‫ وﺟﻴﻊ‬painful; grievous, sad
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻊ‬tawajju‘ pain, ache; lament
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻮع‬maujū‘ feeling pain, in pain, aching; ailing; suffering
‫ وﺟـﻒ‬wajafa ‫ ﳚـﻒ‬yajifu (wajf, ‫ وﺟـﻮف‬wujūf, ‫ وﺟﻴـﻒ‬to be agitated, excited,
troubled, in commotion; -- (wajīf) to throb, beat (heart) IV to agitate, excite,
trouble, disturb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) tremble X to set (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the heart)
aflutter
‫ واﺟــﻒ‬wājif beating, throbbing (heart) | ‫( ﰲ ﺻــﻮت واﺟــﻒ‬ṣaut) in a
tremulous voice
‫ وﺟﻖ‬wujaq (tun.) the “Oudjak” (Tunisian gendarmery)
‫ وﺟﺎق‬wujāq, ‫ اوﺟﺎق‬ūjāq pl. ‫ وﺟﻘـﺎت‬wujaqāt range, cooking stove; (heating)
stove; kitchen, galley; caboose; Janizary corps
‫ وﺟـﻞ‬wajila ‫ ﻳﻮوﺟـﻞ‬yaujalu (wajal, ‫ ﻣﻮﺟـﻞ‬maujal) to be afraid, be scared; to
be a coward, be craven IV to fill with fear, frighten (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ وﺟﻞ‬wajal pl. ‫ اوﺟﺎل‬awjāl fear, dread
‫ وﺟـﻞ‬wajil pl. -ūn, ‫ وﺟـﺎل‬wijāl fearful, apprehensive, timorous; cowardly,
craven
1703
‫ وﺟﻢ‬wajama ‫ ﳚﻢ‬yajimu (wajm, ‫ وﺟﻮم‬wujūm) to be silent; to be speechless,

dumfounded (with fear, rags, and the like); to be shy; to be despondent,
dejected, depressed
‫ وﺟــﻢ‬wajim silent, speechless, dumfounded; despondent, dejected,
depressed
‫ وﺟـﻮم‬wujūm silence; anxious, apprehensive silence; speechlessness from
indignation, speechless, indignation; despondency; shyness; anxiety,
concern, sorrow
‫ واﺟــﻢ‬wājim silent, speechless, dumfounded; despondent, dejected,
depressed
‫ وﺟﻨﺔ‬wajna pl. wajanāt cheek
‫ وﺟﻪ‬wajuha ‫ ﻳﻮﺟﻪ‬yaujuhu (‫ وﺟﺎﻫﺔ‬wajāha) to be a man of distinction, belong
to the notables II to raise to eminence, distinguish, honor (‫ ه‬s.o.); to turn
one’s face, turn, go (‫ اﱃ‬to), head (‫ اﱃ‬for); to send, dispatch (‫ه‬‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to); to
aim, level (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ ه‬s.th. at), direct, steer, guide, channel (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ ه‬s.th.
to); to turn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., one’s face, one’s attention, etc., ‫ل‬ or ‫اﱃ‬ to); to
Confidential
address (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬a request, a question, a letter, etc., to) | ‫( وﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺔ‬tuhmatan)
to rail, an accusation, bring a charge against s.o.; ‫( وﺟـﻪ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ اﱃ‬naẓara) to
turn one’s eyes to III to be opposite s.th. (‫)ﻫـ‬, be in front (‫ ﻫـ‬of); to face, front
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a locality or toward); to meet face to face, encounter (‫ ه‬s.o.); to see

personally (‫ ه‬s.o.), speak personally (‫ ه‬to s.o.), have an interview or
audience (‫ ه‬with); to face (‫ ﻫ ـ‬e.g., a problem), be faced (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), find o.s. in
the face of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to meet, counter, obviate, withstand, defy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a danger); to
stand up (‫ ه‬to s.o.), oppose (‫ ه‬s.o.); to hold one’s own (‫ ﻫ ـ‬against s.th.); to
envisage, have in mind, consider (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to declare openly, say frankly ( ‫ن‬
‫ ه‬to s.o. that); to bring face to face. confront (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with s.o., else or
with s.th.) IV to distinguish, honor (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to betake o.s., repair, go,
wend one’s way (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to), head (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬for), bend one’s steps (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬or
‫ اﱃ‬toward); to turn one’s face, turn (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.), face (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬s.o.); to
turn, apply (‫ ﳓـﻮ اﱃ‬to s.o. for) VI to face each other, meet face to face VIII
‫ اﲡـﻪ‬ittajaha to tend, be directed, be oriented (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to. toward), be aimed,
1704
aim (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬at); to head, make (‫ اﱃ‬for), face, turn one’s face (‫ اﱃ‬toward);
to turn, be turned (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o., to s.th.); to lead, go (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to, toward;
of a road); to point (‫ ﳓـﻮ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to; of a signpost); to come to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬mind.
occur (‫ ل‬to s.o.; of an idea)
‫ ﺟﻬﺔ‬jiha pl. -āt side; direction; region, part, section, area; district, precinct,
city quarter; agency, authority; administrative agency; (tun.) administrative
district; ‫ اﳉﻬـﺎت‬the outskirts, the outlying districts, the provinces | ‫ﺟﻬـﺔ‬ ‫ اﱃ‬in
the direction of, toward; ‫ﺟﻬـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from the direction of, from, on the part of,
concerning, regarding, as to, with respect or regard to; ‫ﻣــﻦ ﺟﻬــﺔ اﻟﺸــﻤﺎل‬
(šamāl) from the north; ‫ﻧﻴـﺔ‬

) ‫ وﻣـﻦ ﺟﻬـﺔ اﺧـﺮى‬... ‫( )ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ‬ukrā, tāniya) on the
one hand ... on the other hand; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ ﺟﻬـﺔ‬from all sides, on all sides; ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ ﺟﻬـﱵ‬for my part, as for me, I for one; ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﳉﻬـﺔ‬seen from this angle,
under this aspect, from this viewpoint; ‫ ﺟﻬــﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼــﺎص‬or ‫اﳉﻬــﺔ اﳌﺨﺘﺼــﺔ‬
(muktaṣṣa) the competent authority; ‫ ﺟﻬـﺔ اﻟﻴﺴـﺎر‬jihata l-yasār at left, to the
Confidential
left, on the left side
‫ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺟﻬﻮي‬Majlis jihawī council of an administrative district (Tun.)
‫ وﺟـﻪ‬wajh pl. ‫ وﺟـﻮﻩ‬wujūh face, countenance; front, face, façade; outside;
surface; right side of a fabric; dial (of a clock or watch); face, obverse (of a
coin); prominent personality; exterior, look(s), appearance, guise,
semblance; side; direction; intention, intent, design, purpose, aim, goal,
objective, end; course, policy, guiding principle. precept; way, manner,
mode, procedure, method; lesson, cause; sense, meaning, signification,
purport; beginning, start, outset, first part of a given period of time; -- (pl.
‫وﺟـﻮﻩ‬ wujūh and ‫اوﺟـﻪ‬ aujuh) aspect; approach, point of view; viewpoint,
standpoint; -- (pl. ‫ اوﺟـﻪ‬aujuh) phase (of the moon; also el.) | 1. Adverbial
phrases: ‫ وﺟﻬﺎ‬apparently; ‫)ﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ )وﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻪ‬face to face, in private, personally,
directly; ‫( وﺟﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻮﺟـﻮﻩ‬with preceding negation) in no way (whatsoever);
‫ ﺑﻮﺟـﻪ اﻹﲨـﺎل‬bi-w. il-ijmāl on the whole, by and large, in general; ‫ﺑﻮﺟـﻪ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ وﺟـﻪ( اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳــﺐ‬approximately, roughly, nearly; ‫ ﺑﻮﺟــﻪ ﺧــﺎص‬or ‫ﻋﻠــﻰ وﺟــﻪ ﺧــﺎص‬
(kāṣṣ) especially, in particular; ‫ﺑﻮﺟــﻪ )ﻋﻠــﻰ وﺟــﻪ( ﻋــﺎم‬ (‘āmm) generally, in
general; ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ ﺑﻮﺟـﻪ‬some way or other, somehow; in a certain way, to a certain
1705
extent; ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫( ﺑﺪون وﺟﻪ‬w. ḥaqqin) without any legitimate claim, without being
in the least entitled, in an entirely unlawful manner; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺟـﻪ‬in the manner
of, in the form of, in the shape of; with regard to, concerning. about; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬in his own way; in the right manner, correctly, properly, as it should
be; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏـﲑ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬improperly, incorrectly, wrongly; ‫ ذﻫـﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬and ‫ﻣﻀـﻰ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬to go one’s own way, go one’s way; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺬا اﻟﻮﺟـﻪ‬in this manner,
this way, thus; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺟـﻪ اﻹﲨـﺎل‬w. al-ijmāl) on the whole, by and large, in
general; altogether, in the aggregate; ‫اﻟﺘـﺎﱄ‬‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬in the following manner,
as follows; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺟـﻪ اﻟﺘﻔﺼـﻴﻞ‬at great length, in detail, elaborately; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺟـﻪ‬
‫( اﳊﺼـﺮ‬w. il-haṣr) in a condensed form, briefly stated, in a nutshell; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺟـﻪ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻮم‬in general, generally; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟـﻪ اﻟﻴﻘـﲔ‬with certainty; ‫ ﰲ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬before him,
in his presence; counter to him; before his (very) eyes; ‫ ﻟﻮﺟـﻪ ﷲ‬for the sake
of God, regardless of any reward in this life; for nothing, gratis; ‫ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ وﺟـﻪ‬
Confidential
in every respect, from every point of view, on all grounds; ‫ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮﻩ ﻛﺜﲑة‬from
many points of view, in many respects; ‫اﻟﻮﺟـﻮﻩ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‬in some ways; ‫ﻣـﻦ ﻛـﻞ‬
‫ اﻟﻮﺟـﻮﻩ‬in every respect, in every way, all the way through, completely; -- 2.
Verbal phrases: ‫ اﺑﻴﺾ وﺟﻬﻪ‬ibyaḍḍa wajhuhū to enjoy an excellent reputation,
stand in good repute; ‫ اﺳـﻮد وﺟﻬـﻪ‬iswadda wajhuhū to fall into discredit. be

discredited, be in disgrace; ‫ اﺧـﺬ وﺟﻬـﺎ‬to win respect, gain prestige; ‫اﺧـﺬ وﺟـﻪ‬
‫( اﻟﻌﺮوﺳﺔ‬wajha l-‘arūsa) to consummate marriage; ‫ اﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ وﺟﻬﻪ‬to insult s.o. to
his face; ‫ ﺑـﻴﺾ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬bayyaḍḍa wajhahū to make s.o. appear blameless, in a
favorable light, to whitewash, exculpate, vindicate, justify s.o., play s.o. up,
make much of s.o.; to honor s.o., show honor to s.o.; ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬‫( ﺧـﻼ ﻟـﻪ وﺟـﻪ‬kalā,
wajhu ṭ-ṭ.) his way was unobstructed, he had clear sailing; ‫ ﺳـﻔﻪ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬saffaha
wajhahū or ‫( ﺳﻮد وﺟﻬـﻪ‬sawwada) to expose s.o., show s.o. up, make a fool of
s.o., bring s.o. into discredit, disgrace s.o., dishonor s.o.; ‫ﺷـﻮﻩ وﺟـﻪ اﳊﻘﻴﻘـﺔ‬
šawwaha wajh l-h. to distort the truth; ‫ﺷـﻮﻩ وﺟـﻪ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔـﺔ‬ to disgrace one’s
profession or office; ‫( ﺿـﺮب وﺟـﻪ اﻷﻣـﺮ وﻋﻴﻨـﻪ‬wajha l-amr wa-‘ainahū) to touch
1706
on the very essence of a matter, hit the mark; ‫ ﻗـﺎم ﰲ وﺟـﻪ ﻓـﻼن‬to stand up to
s.o., take a stand against s.o.; ‫ ﻫـﺮب ﻣـﻦ وﺟـﻪ ﻓـﻼن‬to flee from s.o.; -- 3.
Nominal phrases: ‫( اﻟﻮﺟـﻪ اﻟﺒﺤـﺮي‬baḥrī) Lower Egypt; ‫( اﻟﻮﺟـﻪ اﻟﻘﻠـﻲ‬qiblī) Upper
Egypt; ‫اﳊـﺎل‬ ‫ وﺟـﻪ‬the circumstances, the state of affairs, the factual situation;
‫ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺸﺒﻪ‬w. aš-šibh point of resemblance; ‫ وﺟﻪ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬wajah n-nahār during the
daytime; ‫( ﻛﻼم ذو وﺟﻬﲔ‬kalām) equivocal statement, ambiguous words; ‫اوﺟﻪ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﻤـﺮ‬a. al-qamar the lunar phases; ‫ وﺟـﻮﻩ اﻟﻨـﺎس‬prominent people, Leading
personalities; -- 4. ‫ل‬ ‫( ﻻ وﺟﻪ‬wajha) there is no reason for; ‫ﻻ وﺟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﺼـﺤﺔ‬
(ṣiḥḥa) it has no validity at all
‫ وﺟﻬﻲ‬wajhī facial, of the face
‫ وﺟﻬـﺔ‬wijha, wujha pl. -āt direction, trend, drift; course (of a ship);
intention, design, aim, goal, objective; respect, regard; (= ‫ وﺟﻬـﺔ اﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬w. an-
naẓar) angle, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint | ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﺟﻬـﺔ‬in this
respect; from this point of view; ‫( ﻣـﻦ وﺟﻬـﺔ اﺧـﺮى‬ukrā) from a different
Confidential
standpoint, from another point of view; ‫ وﺟﻬﺘﻪ رﻳﺲ‬he is on his way to Paris
‫ وﺟﺎﻫـﺔ‬wajāha esteem, credit, repute, prestige, influence, standing, rank,
distinction, notability; acceptability; well-foundedness, soundness, solidity,
validity | ‫ ذو وﺟﺎﻫﺔ‬person of rank; notable, noted, eminent, distinguished; ‫اﻫﻞ‬
‫ اﻟﻮﺟﺎﻫﺔ‬ahl al-w. the notables
‫ وﺟﺎﻫﻲ‬wijāhī contradiotory (jur.)
‫ وﺟﻴـﻪ‬wajīh pl. ‫ وﺟﻬـﺎء‬wujahā’ 2 notable, noted, eminent, distinguished;
eminent man, person of note, notable; leader; excellent, outstanding;
acceptable, well-founded, sound; ‫اﻟﻮﺟﻬـﺎء‬ the notables | ‫ﺳـﺒﺐ وﺟﻴـﻪ‬ (sabab)
sound reason
‫ وﺟﻴﻬﺔ‬wajīha pl. -āt lady of high social standing; lady of society, socialite
‫ ﲡﺎﻩ‬tujāha (prep.) in front of, facing, opposite
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻴـﻪ‬taujīh aiming, leveling, directing; orientation; guidance, direction;
controlling, steering, channeling, leading, guiding; (methodical) instruction;
(pl. -āt) directive, instruction; allocation; transfer, conveyance, assignment |
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﻩ‬t. kuṭāhu directive, that one receives
1707
‫ ﺗـﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ‬taujīhī: ‫( اﻟﺴـﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴـﺔ‬sana) fifth grade of a secondary school, the

completion of which is prerequisite before admittance to a university (Eg.);
‫ ﺷـﻬﺎدة ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴـﺔ‬diploma conferred after the successful completion of the fifth
grade of a secondary school, entitling the holder to admittance to a
university (Eg.); ‫اﻟﺘـﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ‬ ‫ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ‬ṭalabat at-t. fifth graders of a secondary school
(Eg.)
‫ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬــﺔ‬muwājaha opposite position, opposition; meeting; facing,
anticipation, countering, obviation; encounter; confrontation; talk from
person to person, personal talk; audience; interview; muwājahatan face to
face, (from) person to person | ‫ ﲟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬in his presence
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬tawajjuh attention; favoritism, patronage
‫ اﲡــﺎﻩ‬ittijāh pl. -āt direction; inclination, bent, trend, drift; tendency;
orientation; course (e.g., of a ship) | ‫ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ذو اﲡـﺎﻩ واﺣـﺪ‬one-way street; ‫اﲡـﺎﻩ‬
‫ واﺣﺪ‬One Way Only (traffic sign)
‫ واﺟﻬﺔ‬wājiha pl. -āt face, front; outside; facade; show window | ‫واﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬
front line, fighting front
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‬muwajjih mate (naval rank; Eg. 1939)
‫ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ‬muwajjah remote-controlled, guided
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ‬muttajih directed, tending, aiming (‫ ﰲ‬in a direction)
‫ ﻣﺘﺠﻪ‬muttajah direction | ‫ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺘﺠـﻪ‬in all directions; in all fields, in every
respect
‫ وﺣـﺪ‬waḥada ‫ ﳛـﺪ‬yaḥidu (‫ وﺣـﺪة‬waḥda, ‫ ﺣـﺪة‬ḥida) and waḥuda to be alone,
unique, singular, unmatched, without equal, incomparable II to make into
one, unite, unify, standardize, regularize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to connect, join, link,
unite, bring together, fit together, combine, consolidate, amalgamate, merge
(‫ ﺑﻴـﻨﻬﻢ‬different parts) | ‫ﷲ‬
‫ وﺣـﺪ‬to declare God to he one; to profess belief in
the unity of God, he a monotheist; ‫ وﺣﺪ اﻟﺪﻳﻮن‬to consolidate, or fund, debts V
to be one, alone, by o.s., the only one, singular, unique; to be lonely,
solitary, live in solitude, lead a secluded life; to do alone, perform or carry
out by o.s. (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be reduced to one; to be united, be combined, be
unified, be standardized, be concerted, be consolidated; to become one, form
a unity | ‫ﺑﺮأﻳـﻪ‬ ‫( ﺗﻮﺣـﺪ‬bi-ra’yihī) to stand alone with one’s opinion; ‫ﺗﻮﺣـﺪﻩ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﻳﺘـﻪ‬
(bi-‘ināyatihī) to single s.o. out for one’s special care, give s.o. particular
attention VIII ‫اﲢــﺪ‬ ittaḥada to he one, form a unity; to be united, be
1708
combined, be consolidated, be amalgamated, merge, form, or join in, a

union; to unite, combine (‫ ب‬with); to he agreed, be unanimous; to agree,
concur; to act jointly
‫ ﺣـﺪة‬ḥida solitude, solitariness | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣـﺪة‬alone, by o.s., apart from others,
detached, isolated. secluded; separate(ly); ‫ﺣـﺪة‬ ‫ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬everyone by himself.
each by himself (itself), each separately, each individually
‫ وﺣـﺪﻩ‬waḥdahū, f. ‫ وﺣـﺪﻫﺎ‬waḥdahā or ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺣـﺪﻩ‬alā waḥdihī etc., he alone,
he by himself | ‫وﺣﺪﻩ‬ ‫ ﺟﺎء‬he came alone; ‫ وﺣﺪﻩ ﺑﻞ‬... ‫ ﻻ‬not only ... but
‫ وﺣـﺪة‬waḥda oneness, singleness, unity; solitariness, isolation, seclusion,
privacy, solitude, loneliness; self-containment, independence; union; -- (pl. -
āt) military unit; crew; single group, grouping; plant unit, installation;
(subsidiary) unit (of an industrial plant); branch office, sub-office (of an
administrative agency) | O ‫ وﺣـﺪات اﻹﺷـﺎرة‬w. al-išāra communications units
(mil.); ‫ وﺣـﺪة اﻟـﺰﻣﻦ‬w. az-zaman time unit; ‫ وﺣـﺪة ﻃﺎﺋﻔﻴـﺔ‬denominational group,
religious minority; ‫‘( اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬arabīya) Arab unity, the Arab Union
‫ وﺣﺪاﱐ‬waḥdānī single, solitary, separate, individual; sole, only, exclusive;
Confidential
singular, unique; matchless, unequaled, incomparable; single, unmarried
‫ وﺣﺪاﻧﻴـﺔ‬waḥdānīya soleness, solitariness; isolation, seclusion, privacy;
solitude, loneliness; oneness, singleness, unity (esp. of God); singularity,
uniqueness, incomparableness
‫ وﺣﻴـﺪ‬waḥīd alone; solitary, lonely; single, separate, individual, sporadic,
isolated; sale, only, exclusive; singular, unique; matchless, unequaled,
incomparable | ‫اﺑﻮﻳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ وﺣﻴﺪة‬w. abawaihā her parents’ only daughter
‫ اوﺣﺪ‬auḥad singular, unique
‫ ﺗﻮﺣﻴــﺪ‬tauḥīd unification, union, combination, fusion; standardization,
regularization; consolidation, amalgamation, merger; belief in the unity of
God; profession of the unity of God; monotheism; (myst.) mergence in the
unity of the universe | ‫ ﺗﻮﺣﻴـﺪ اﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬consolidation of debts; ‫ ﺗﻮﺣﻴـﺪ اﻟﺰوﺟـﺔ‬t. az-
zauja monogamy; ‫ ﺗﻮﺣﻴـﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ‬t. al-kalima unification, union, joining of
forces, unanimity; ‫اﳌﻨﺘﻮﺟـﺎت‬ ‫ ﺗﻮﺣﻴـﺪ‬standardization of industrial products; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬
‫‘ اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬ilm at-t. (Islamic) theology
‫ ﺗﻮﺣــﺪ‬tawaḥḥud soleness, singleness, solitariness; isolation, seclusion,
privacy; solitude, loneliness
1709
‫ اﲢـﺎد‬ittiḥād oneness, singleness, unity; concord, accord, unison, harmony,

unanimity, agreement; combination; consolidation, amalgamation, merger,
fusion; alliance, confederacy; association; federation; union; O chemical
compound | ‫ﲢـﺎد‬ in unison, with combined efforts, together, jointly; ‫اﲢـﺎد‬
‫اﻵراء‬ unanimity; ‫ ﲢـﺎد اﻵراء‬unanimously; ‫‘( اﲢـﺎد اﻟﱪﻳـﺪ اﻟﻌـﺎم‬āmm) Universal
Postal Union; ‫ اﲢـﺎد ﺟﻨـﻮب اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴـﺔ‬itt. janūb ifrīqiya the Union of South Africa;
‫ اﲢـﺎد اﻟـﺪول اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬itt. Ad-duwal al-’arabīya the United Arab States (i.e., the
United Arab Republic and Yemen); ‫ اﲢـﺎد اﻟﺴـﻮﻓﻴﺖ‬or ‫)اﻻﲢـﺎد اﻟﺴـﻮﻓﻴﱵ )اﻟﺴـﻮﻓﻴﻴﱵ‬
the Soviet Union
‫ اﲢــﺎدي‬ittiḥādī unionist; unionistic; federal | ‫ ﺣﻜﻮﻣــﺔ اﲢﺎدﻳــﺔ‬federal
government
‫ واﺣـﺪ‬wāḥid one (numeral); someone, somebody, a certain person, a
certain ...; sole, only; (pl. ‫ وﺣــﺪان‬wuḥdān) single, solitary, separate,
individual, sporadic, isolated ‫ واﺣـﺪا واﺣـﺪا‬or ‫ ﻓﻮاﺣـﺪا واﺣـﺪا‬or ‫ واﺣـﺪ ﺑﻌـﺪ واﺣـﺪﻩ‬or
‫ واﺣـﺪا ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻵﺧـﺮ‬one by one, single, separately, one after the other, one at a
Confidential
time, successively; ‫ اﻟﻮاﺣـﺪ‬the One (attribute of God); ‫ اﻟﻮاﺣـﺪ ﻣـﻨﻬﻢ‬each of
them, every one of them; ‫ واﺣـﺪ ﻛﻬـﺬا‬such a one, such a man, (any)one like
that; ‫ ﻛـﻞ واﺣـﺪ‬kullu wāḥidin everyone, everybody; ‫( ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ واﺣـﺪ‬mauḍi’in)
in one and the same place; ‫ وﻻ واﺣـﺪ‬not a single one, not one; ‫زراﻓـﺎت ووﺣـﺪا‬
zarāfātin wa-wuḥdānan in groups and alone
‫ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ‬muwaḥḥid professor of the unity of God; ‫ اﳌﻮﺣﺪون‬the Almohades
‫ ﻣﻮﺣـﺪ‬muwaḥḥad combined, consolidated, amalgamated; united; unified;
standardized, regularized; O unipolar (el.); having one diacritical point
(letter)
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺣﺪ‬mutawaḥḥid solitary, rare, sporadic, isolated; recluse, hermit
‫ ﻣﺘﺤـﺪ‬muttaḥid united, combined, consolidated, amalgamated; uniform,
standardized; harmonious, united, unanimous, in agreement, concordant |
‫اﻟـﻮﻻ ت اﳌﺘﺤـﺪة‬ (wilāyāt) the United States; ‫اﻷﻣـﻢ اﳌﺘﺤـﺪة‬ (umam) the United
Nations
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺣﺪ‬mustauḥid solitary, lonely, isolated
‫ وﺣـﺶ‬IV to be deserted, desolate (region); to oppress, make uneasy, fill
with anxiety (‫ ه‬s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) feel lonely, make lonesome (‫ ه‬s.o.);
1710
to grieve by one’s absence (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be desolate, deserted, waste; to be

or become wild, savage, brutal; to brutalize, become brutish X to be
desolate, deserted, waste; to feel lonely; to be distressed, saddened by the
separation (‫ ل‬from s.o.), miss badly (‫ ل‬s.o.); to have an aversion (‫ ﻣﻦ‬to), feel
a distaste (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬for), feel repelled (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by), to be unable to warm or reconcile
o.s. (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬to), feel no particular liking (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬for), to be alienated, become
estranged; to be afraid
‫ وﺣــﺶ‬waḥš waste. deserted, lonely, dreary, desolate, wild, untamed
(animal), -- (pl. ‫ وﺣﻮش‬wuḥūš, ‫ وﺣﺸﺎن‬wuḥšān) wild animal, wild beast; game,
monster | ‫اﻟﻀﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫( اﻟﻮﺣﻮش‬ḍāriya) the predatory animals, the beasts of prey
‫ وﺣﺸـﺔ‬loneliness, forlornness, desolation, cheerlessness, dreariness; (fig.)
chilliness, frontiness, frigidity, coldness (e.g., of relations), gloom,
melancholy, weird feeling; strangeness, estrangement, alienation
‫ وﺣﺸــﻲ‬waḥšī untamed, wild, brutish, savage, uncivilized, barbarous;
brutal; cruel; ugly, repulsive, disgusting, directed outward, outer, external
(esp., of anatomical parts) | ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺸﻲ‬ ‫( اﻟﻜﻌﺐ‬ka‘b) outer anklebone
Confidential
‫ وﺣﺸــﻴﺔ‬waḥšīya wildness, savageness, ferocity, brutality, savagery,
barbarity, barbarism
‫ اﳛﺎش‬īḥāš loneliness, forlornness
‫ ﺗـﻮﺣﺶ‬tawaḥḥuš return to a wild or savage state, wildness, savageness,
barbarity, brutalization; brutality
‫ اﺳــﺘﻴﺤﺎش‬istīḥāš strangeness, estrangement, alienation, unsociability;
weirdness, uncanniness, eeriness
‫ ﻣـﻮﺣﺶ‬mūḥiš desolate, dreary, deserted, forlorn, lonely, waste; oppressed,
uneasy, anxious; weird, eerie, uncanny
‫ ﻣﺘـﻮﺣﺶ‬mutawakkiš wild (animal), savage; barbarous, barbaric; brutal,
cruel; a savage; a barbarian
‫ ﻣﺴ ــﺘﻮﺣﺶ‬mustauḥiš wild, savage; a savage; lonesome, lonely;
melancholia, gloomy, sad, unhappy
‫ وﺣﻒ‬waḥf luxuriant and black (hair)
‫ وﺣـﻞ‬waḥila ‫ ﻳﻮﺣـﻞ‬yauḥalu to sink in mire, get stuck in the mud; to be
stuck, be stranded, come to a deadlock, be in a fix II to soil with mud,
muddy (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), to become slimy, muddy or mucky (the ground) IV to mire
(‫ ه‬s.o.), make (‫ ه‬s.o.) stick flit in the mud, get s.o. into a quagmire, throw
s.o. in the mud V to be or become dirty, muddy, miry X = V
1711
‫ وﺣﻞ‬waḥl, waḥal pl. ‫ وﺣﻮل‬wuḥūl, ‫ اوﺣﺎل‬auḥāl mud, mire, slough, morass

‫ وﺣﻞ‬waḥil muddy, dirty, miry
‫ ﻣﻮﺣﻞ‬mauḥil muddy ground, slough; fix, predicament
‫ ﻣﻮﺣﻞ‬muwaḥḥal muddy, miry, mud-covered, mud-spattered, dirty
‫ وﺣـﻢ‬waḥima ‫ ﳛـﻢ‬yauḥimu, ‫ ﻳـﻮﺣﻢ‬yauḥamu (waḥam) to feel appetite, have a
longing, a craving (‫ ﻫـ‬for), desire (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ وﺣــﻢ‬waḥam a craving for certain food during pregnancy; appetite,
craving, longing, ardent desire
‫ وﺣﺎم‬waḥām, wiḥām a craving for certain food during pregnancy, appetite,
craving, longing, ardent desire
‫ وﲪـﻰ‬waḥmā pl. ‫ وﺣـﺎم‬wiḥām, ‫ وﺣـﺎﻣﻰ‬waḥāmā craving for certain food
(pregnant woman)
‫ وﺣﻮح‬waḥwaḥa to tremble, shiver, shudder (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from, with)
‫ وﺣـﻰ‬waḥā ‫ ﳛـﻲ‬yaḥī (waḥy) to inspire (‫ ب اﱃ‬s.o. with); to reveal (‫ ب اﱃ‬to
s.o. s.th.) IV to inspire (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with), to reveal (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.; of
Confidential
God); to give an idea, give an impression (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬of); to suggest, give rise to the
idea (‫ ان‬that), create the impression (‫ ان‬that, as if); pass. ‫ اوﺣﻲ اﱄ‬ūḥiya ilayya
it occurred to me, the idea suggested itself, I came to think, I was inspired X
to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬advice, seek s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬counsel, consult (‫ ه‬s.o.); to let o.s. be
inspired (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ه‬with s.th. by s.o.), seek inspiration (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬in s.th. from s.o.); to
derive, deduce (‫ ﻣـﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from) | ‫( اﺳـﺘﻮﺣﻰ اﻟﻔﻜـﺮة‬fikrata) to let o.s. be guided
by the thought; ‫( اﺳﺘﻮﺣﻰ ﻣﻮﻋﻈﺔ ﻣﻦ‬mau‘iẓatan) to draw a lesson from
‫ وﺣﻲ‬waḥy inspiration; revelation (theol.)
‫ اﳛﺎء‬īḥā’ suggestion | ‫( اﳛﺎء ذاﰐ‬dātī) autosuggestion
O ‫ واح‬wāḥin radio transmitter; O ‫ اﻟﻮاﺣﻰ‬radio
‫ ﻣﻮح‬mūḥin inspiring; revealing; dispenser of revelations

‫ ﻣﻮﺣﻰ‬mūḥan pl. ‫ ﻣﻮﺣﻴﺎت‬mūḥayāt inspiration, revelation
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮﺣﻰ‬mustauḥan influenced, advised, guided, inspired (‫ ب‬by); derived,
deduced (‫ ﻣﻦ‬from)
1712
‫ وﺧـﺰ‬wakaza ‫ ﳜـﺰ‬yakizu (wakz) to sting, prick, twinge (‫ ه‬s.o.); to pierce,

transfix, stab to death (‫ ه‬s.o.); to vex, pester, harass, beset, irritate, torment
(‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ وﺧــﺰ‬wakz stinging, pricking; sharp, local pain, twinges | ‫وﺧــﺰ اﻟﻀــﻤﲑ‬
compunctions, pangs of remorse
‫ وﺧﺰة‬wakza (n. vic.) sting, prick, twinge
‫ وﺧﺰان‬wakzān needling, nagging
‫ وﺧـﺎز‬wakkāz stinging, pricking; biting, sharp, pungent, smarting, fierce,
violent
‫ واﺧـﺰ‬wākiz stinging, pricking; biting, sharp, pungent, smarting, fierce,
violent
‫ وﺧـﻂ‬wakaṭa ‫ ﳜـﻂ‬yakiṭu (wakṭ) to turn gray, make gray-haired (‫ ه‬s.o.; of
age)
‫( وﺧﻢ‬see also 1‫ )ﲣﻢ‬wakuma ‫ ﻳﻮﺧﻢ‬yaukumu (‫ وﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬wakāma) to be unhealthy
(e.g., air, climate); to be unwholesome, heavy, indigestible; -- wakima ‫ﻳـﻮﺧﻢ‬
Confidential
yaukamu (wukm)to suffer from indigestion VIII ‫ اﲣـﻢ‬ittakama to suffer from
indigestion
‫ ﲣﻤﺔ‬tukma pl. -āt, ‫ ﲣﻢ‬tukam surfeit; indigestion; upset stomach
‫ وﺧﻢ‬wakam unhealthy air; dirt, filth, squalor
‫ وﺧـﻢ‬wakim unhealthy; unwholesome, heavy, indigestible; dirty, filthy,
squalid
‫ وﺧﻴﻢ‬wakīm unhealthy; indigestible; bad, evil, dangerous, fatal, disastrous
| ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ وﺧﻴﻢ‬of evil consequences
‫ وﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬wakāma unhealthiness, unwholesomeness; evil nature
‫ اوﺧﻢ‬aukam2 unhealthier; worse
‫ ﻣﺴــﺘﻮﺧﻢ‬mustaukam indigestible; unwholesome | ‫( ﳎــﺎز ﻣﺴــﺘﻮﺧﻢ‬majāz)
tasteless metaphor (rhet.)
‫ وﺧﻰ‬wakā ‫ ﳜـﻲ‬yakī (waky) to intend, purpose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., to do s.th.), have in
mind, have in view (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), aim (‫ ﻫـ‬at), aspire (‫ ﻫـ‬to), be out for (‫ )ﻫـ‬II do.; to
lead, guide (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to intend, purpose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., to do s.th.), have in mind,
have in view (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), aim (‫ ﻫ ـ‬at), aspire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), strive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), be out for (‫)ﻫ ـ‬,
1713
put one’s mind (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), set one’s mind, be intent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on) | ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗـﻮﺧﻰ‬to follow
a method, proceed methodically, systematically; ‫ﺗـﻮﺧﻰ ﻏﺎﻳـﺔ‬ to pursue an
object, have an aim in mind
‫ وﺧﻲ‬waky pl. ‫ وﺧﻲ‬wukīy, wikīy intention, aim, plan
‫ ﺗﻮخ‬tawakkin design, intent
‫ ود‬wadda (1st pers. perf. wadidtu) a (wadd, wudd, widd, ‫ وداد‬wadād,
wudād, ‫ ﻣـﻮدة‬mawadda) to love, like (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.), be fond (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to
want, wish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ان‬or ‫ ﻟـﻮ‬or ‫ ﻟـﻮ ان‬that s.th. be) | ‫ اود ان ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ ذﻟـﻚ‬I should
like him to do this, ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮد‬as he likes; ‫( وددت ﻟﻮ ﻛـﺎن ﻏﻨﻴـﺎ‬lau, ganīyan) I wish
he were rich; ‫( ود ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪا ﻋـﻦ‬nafsahū) to wish o.s. far away from III to
make friends, become friends (‫ ه‬with s.o.) to show love or affection (‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ‬
to s.o.); to try to gain favor (‫ اﱃ‬with), seek s.o.’s (‫ ))اﱃ‬friendship; to curry
favor, ingratiate o.s. (‫ اﱃ‬with), flatter one’s way (‫ اﱃ‬into); to attract,
captivate (‫ )ه‬win s.o. (‫ )ه‬love or friendship VI to love each other, be on
Confidential
friendly terms, be friends
‫ ود‬wadd, widd, wudd love, affection, amity, friendship; wish, desire | ‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫( ﺑﻮد ﻟﻮ‬bi-waddinā) we should be pleased if
‫ ود‬wadd, widd, wudd pl. ‫ اوداد‬audād, ‫ اود‬awudd, awidd loving;
affectionate, tender; fond, attached, devoted; lover
‫ ودي‬waddī, widdī, wuddī friendly, amicable
‫ وداد‬wadād, widād, wudād love, friendship
‫ ودادي‬wadādī amicable, friendly, of a friend
‫ ودود‬wadūd favorably disposed, attached, devoted, fond, friendly
‫ ودﻳﺪ‬wadīd favorably disposed, attached, devoted, fond, friendly
‫ ﻣﻮدة‬mawaadda love; friendship
‫ ﺗﻮاد‬tawādd friendly relations, good terms
‫ ودج‬wadaj pl. ‫ اوداج‬audāj jugular vein | ‫ اﻧﺘﻔﺨـﺖ اوداﺟـﻪ‬his jugular veins
swelled, i.e., he flew into a rage, he became furious; (also used in the sense
of:) to become inflated with pride, swagger, bluster
‫ وداج‬widāj jugular vein
‫ ودر‬to endanger, imperil (‫ ه‬s.o.); to waste (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
1714
‫ ودع‬wada’a ‫ ﻳـﺪع‬yada’u (wad’) to put down, lodge, deposit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);

(usually only in imperf. and imp.) to let, leave; to leave off, stop, cease; to
give up, omit, skip (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. ‫ اﱃ‬in order to turn to s.th. else) | ‫ دع ﻋﻨﻚ‬da’ ‘anka
desist! stop! ‫ دع ﻋﻨـﻚ‬or ‫ دﻋـﻚ ﻣـﻦ‬da’ka min not to speak of ..., let alone …;
‫( دﻋـﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬا‬da’ka) stop that! cut it out! ‫( دﻋﻨـﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬا‬da’nā) let’s not talk
about it! enough of that! ‫ دﻋﻨـﺎ ﻧـﺬﻫﺐ‬let us go! ‫ ﻳـﺪع ﳏـﻼ‬to leave room; --
wadu’a ‫ ﻳـﻮدع‬yaudu’u (‫ وداﻋـﺔ‬wadā’a) to be gentle, mild-tempered, meek,
peaceable II to see off, bid farewell (‫ ه‬s.o.); to take leave (‫ ه‬of), say
farewell (‫ ه‬to s.o.) IV to put down, lay down (‫ﻫـ ﻫ ـ‬, s.o., s.th. in a place, also
fig., s.th. in a book), lodge, deposit (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in a place); to entrust (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬to
s.o. s.th.); to leave (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬with s.o. s.th.), give (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) for safekeeping,
give s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬in charge of s.o. (‫)ه‬, consign (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.) | ‫اودﻋـﻪ اﻟﺴـﺠﻦ‬
(sijna) to throw s.o. in prison X to lay down, put down, place, lodge, deposit
(‫ ﻫـ ﻫـ‬s.th. in a place); to entrust, consign, commit (‫ه‬‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. s.th.), leave ( ‫ﻫـ‬
Confidential
‫ ه‬s.th. with s.o.), give (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) for safekeeping, give s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬in
charge of s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to put on half pay, transfer to provisional retirement (‫ ه‬an
official); to store, warehouse (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﷲ‬ ‫( اﺳـﺘﻮدﻋﻪ‬llāha) to commend s.o. to

God’s protection; ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ اﺳﺘﻮدﻋﻚ‬farewell! God with you! good-by! adieu!
‫ دﻋـﺔ‬da’a mild-temperedness, meekness, gentleness, gentle-heartedness;
calm, composure, equanimity
‫ ودع‬wad‘ lodging, depositing, deposition
‫ ودع‬wad‘, wadā’ (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬seashells
‫ وداع‬wadā‘ farewell, leave-taking, adieu, valediction; ‫ اﻟــﻮداع‬and ‫وداﻋــﺎ‬
farewell! adieu! God with you! Good-by!
‫ وداﻋ ــﺔ‬wadā‘a gentle-heartedness, gentleness, mild-temperedness,
meekness, peaceableness
‫ ودﻳﻊ‬wadī‘ calm, peaceable, gentle-hearted, mild-tempered, meek
‫ ودﻳﻌـﺔ‬wadī‘a pl. ‫ وداﺋـﻊ‬wadā’i‘ s.th. entrusted to s.o.’s custody, trust,
charge; deposited amount; deposit
‫ ﻣﻴﺪﻋﺔ‬mīda‘a apron; (doctor’s) smock
‫ ﺗﻮدﻳﻊ‬taudī‘ farewell, adieu, leave-taking; valediction
1715
‫ اﻳـﺪاع‬īdā‘ lodging, consigning, depositing, deposition | ‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻗـﺔ اﻹﻳـﺪاع‬deposit

slip, certificate of deposit; warrant of arrest; ‫اﻹﻳﺪاع‬ ‫ ﳏﻀﺮ‬maḥḍar al-i. official
record of deposit (jur.)
‫ اﺳــﺘﻴﺪاع‬istīdā‘ lodging, consigning, depositing, deposition; reserve;
transfer to provisional retirement (of an official); putting on half pay (mil.) |
‫ ﰲ اﻻﺳﺘﻴﺪاع‬in provisional retirement; unattached, on half pay; O ‫ﳐﺰن اﻻﺳﺘﻴﺪاع‬
makzan al-ist. depot
‫ وادع‬wādi‘ consignor, depositor, deponent, lodger; gentle, mild, meek;
peaceable, composed, calm; moderate; low, deep
‫ ﻣـﻮدع‬mūdi‘ consignor, lodger, depositor; gentle, mild, meek; moderate;
low, deep
‫ ﻣـﻮدع‬mūda‘ lodged, consigned; deposited; deposit; ‫( اﳌـﻮدع ﻟﺪﻳـﻪ‬ladaihi)
keeper, consignee, depository
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮدع‬mustaudi‘ depositor
‫ ﻣﺴـﺘﻮدع‬mustauda‘ lodged, consigned; deposited; stored; in provisional
retirement; unattached, on half pay, in reserve; -- (pl. -āt) depository,
repository; store-house; warehouse, depot; O hangar; O container, reservoir,
Confidential
(storage) tank | O ‫اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮدع‬training center (mil.)
‫ ودﻳﻘﺔ‬wadīqa pl. ‫ وداﺋﻖ‬wadā’iq2 lawn, meadow
‫ ودك‬wadak fat
‫ ودك‬wadik, ‫ ودك‬wadūk, ‫ ودﻳﻚ‬wadīk and ‫ وادك‬wādik fat (adj.)
‫ ودى‬wadā ‫ ﻳـﺪي‬yadī to pay blood money (‫ ه‬for s.o. killed) IV to perish,
die; to out off (‫ ب‬s.o.; of death); to kill, destroy (‫ ب‬s.o., s.th.) | ‫اودى ﲝﻴﺎﺗـﻪ‬
(bi-ḥayātihī) to destroy s.o.’s life; ‫اودى ﺑﺼـﺤﺘﻪ‬ (bi-ṣiḥḥatihī) to ruin s.o.’s
health, sap s.o.’s strength
‫ دﻳﺔ‬diya pl. -āt blood money, wergild; indemnity for bodily injury
‫ واد‬wādin pl. ‫ اودﻳـﺔ‬audiya, ‫ ود ن‬widyān valley; river valley, river bed,
ravine, gorge, wadi; river; (newspaper) column | ‫اﳊـﱪ‬ ‫( اﺳـﺎل اودﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬ḥibr) to
pour forth floods of ink; ‫ ﳓـﻦ ﰲ واد واﻧـﺘﻢ ﰲ واد‬we belong to different camps;
there is a deep gulf between us, we stand worlds apart; ‫ﺣـﻮم ﺑـﻪ اﻟﻔﻜـﺮ ﰲ اودﻳـﺔ‬
‫( ﺷﱴ‬ḥawwama, fikru šattā) approx.: his thoughts trailed off, he was thinking
of s.th. else, he was absent-minded; ‫ذﻫــﺐ ﺻـﻴﺤﺔ ﰲ واد‬ (ṣaiḥatan) to die
1716
unheard (call); ‫ﻫــﺎم ﰲ ود ن‬ approx.: he was no longer himself, he was

floating in higher realms, he was beside himself, he was out of his senses; ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﻛـﻞ واد‬everywhere, on all sides; ‫ وادى ﺣﻠﻔـﺎ‬w. ḥalfa Wadi Halfa (town in N
Sudan, on Egyptian border)
(‫ )وذر‬only imperf. ‫ ﻳـﺬر‬yadaru and imp. ‫ ذر‬dar to let, leave; to let alone,
leave alone; to let be, stop, cease; to leave behind
‫ ورب‬II to equivocate, express o.s. in equivocal terms (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬about) III to
doublecross, dupe, outfox, outsmart (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ورب‬warb pl. ‫ اوراب‬aurāb obliqueness, obliquity, slantingness; oblique
direction, inclination, slope, slant, diagonal | ‫ﻟـﻮرب‬ obliquely, slantingly,
aslant; diagonally, transversely
‫ وراب‬wirāb obliqueness, obliquity
‫ ﻣﻮارﺑــﺔ‬muwāraba equivocation, ambiguity | ‫ ﺑــﺪون ﻣﻮارﺑــﺔ‬or ‫ﰲ ﻏــﲑ ﻣﻮارﺑــﺔ‬
unequivocally, in no uncertain terms
‫ ﻣـﻮروب‬maurūb oblique, inclined, slanting, sloping; diagonal, transverse;
Confidential
partly open, ajar (door)
‫ ﻣﻮارب‬muwārab ajar (door)
‫ ورث‬warita ‫ ﻳﺮث‬yaritu (wirt, ‫ ارث‬irt, ‫ ارﺛﺔ‬irta, ‫ وراﺛﺔ‬warāta, ‫ رﺛﺔ‬rita, ‫ ﺗـﺮاث‬turāt)
to be heir (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬heir; to inherit (‫ ه‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th. from
s.o.) II to appoint as heir (‫ ه‬s.o.); to transfer by will, leave, bequeath, make
over (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫـ‬to s.o. s.th.) IV = II; to draw down, bring down (‫ ﻫـ ه‬on s.o. s.th.),
cause (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. s.th.) VI to have inherited (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to possess as an
inheritance (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ارث‬irt heritage, inheritance, legacy; estate (of inheritance)
‫ ورث‬wirt inheritance, legacy
‫ وراﺛـﺔ‬wirāta inheritance, legacy; hereditariness, hereditary transmission,
heredity
‫ وراﺛﻲ‬wirātī hereditary | ‫ اﻣﺮاض وراﺛﻴﺔ‬hereditary diseases
‫ ورﻳﺚ‬warīt pl. ‫ ور ء‬wuratā’2 beir, inheritor
‫ ﺗﺮاث‬turāt inheritance, legacy
‫ ﻣﲑاث‬mīrāt pl. ‫ ﻣﻮارﻳﺚ‬mawārīt2 heritage, inheritance, legacy, estate
1717
‫ ﺗﻮارث‬tawārut transmission by inheritance; heredity

‫ وارث‬wārit pl. ‫ ورﺛﺔ‬warata, ‫ وراث‬wurrāt inheriting; heir, inheritor
‫ ﻣﻮروث‬maurūt inherited; handed down, transmitted, traditional; hereditary
‫ ﻣﻮرث‬muwarrit and mūrit testator, legator
‫ ﻣﺘﻮارث‬mutawārat inherited
1 ‫ ورد‬warada ‫ ﻳـﺮد‬yaridu (‫ ورود‬wurūd) to come, arrive; to appear, show up;
to be found, be met with, be said (‫ ﰲ‬in a book, letter, etc.), be mentioned (‫ﰲ‬
in); to reach (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬a place), arrive (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬at), come to, get to, travel to; to
be received (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬by s.o.; letter, money, or the like), come to s.o.’s (‫)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
hands; to accrue, come (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to s.o.; revenue, proceeds, etc.) II to make (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) reach (‫ ب‬s.th. else or s.o.), get s.th. (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬to (‫ ;)ب‬to bring in, import (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to supply, furnish, feed (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ب‬s.th. to); to deposit (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in), pay
(‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into) IV to make or have (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) come (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to),
bring, take (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o., s.th. to); to transfer, convey, transport, move
Confidential
(‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to a place); to import (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to deposit, pay in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an amount);
to produce, present (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to supply, furnish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to mention, state,
set forth, bring up, allege, adduce, cite, quota (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), interpose, introduce,
mention casually, drop in passing, throw in (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., .,. in one’s speech) VI to

arrive successively, come one after the other; to succeed one another, be
successive, consecutive; to arrive, come in, come to hand (news,
dispatches); to coincide, happen to be identical (ideas, thoughts) X to have
(‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) supplied or furnished (‫ ﻣﻦ‬by or from), buy, draw, get, procure (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
s.th. from); to import (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬s.th. from)
‫ ورد‬wird watering place; animals coming to the water; -- (pl. ‫ اوراد‬aurād)
specified time of day or night devoted to private worship (in addition to the
five prescribed prayers); a section of the Koran recited on this occasion | ‫اﻟﻮرد‬
‫اﻟـﺬي ﻃﺎﳌـﺎ اﻟﺘﺴـﺒﻴﺢ ﺑـﻪ‬ (ṭālamā) and ‫اﻟـﻮرد اﻟـﺬي ﻳﺘﻠـﻰ ﰲ اﻟﻐـﺪو واﻵﺻـﺎل‬ (yutlā fī l-
gudūw wa-l-āṣāl) approx.: always the lame old story
‫ ﺑﻨﺖ وردان‬bint wardāna pl. ‫ ﺑﻨﺎت وردان‬banāt w. cockroach
1718
‫ ورﻳـﺪ‬warīd pl. ‫ اوردة‬aurida, ‫ ورد‬wurud, ‫ ورود‬wurūd vein; jugular vein | ‫ﺣﺒـﻞ‬

‫ اﻟﻮرﻳﺪ‬ḥabl al-warīd jugular vein
‫ ورود‬wurūd coming, arrival, advent; receipt; appearance
‫ ﻣـﻮرد‬maurid pl. ‫ ﻣـﻮارد‬mawārid2 place of arrival, (place of) destination;
access to the water, to a watering place; watering place; spring, well;
resource, resort, expedient; place of origin, of provenience; source of
income; income, revenue; supply; importation | ‫ﻣـﻮارد اﻟﺪوﻟــﺔ‬ m. ad-daula
government revenues; ‫ﻣـﻮارد اﻟﺰﻳـﺖ‬ m. az-zait oil wells; ‫ﻣـﻮارد اﳌﻌﻴﺸـﺔ‬ m. al-
ma‘īša food supply lines
‫ ﻣﻮردة‬maurida watering place; landing place, quay, wharf
‫ ﺗﻮرﻳـﺪ‬taurīd pl. -āt furnishing, provision, purveyance; importation, import;
supply; feed | ‫اﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ ﺗﻮرﻳﺪ‬supply of goods
‫ اﻳ ـﺮاد‬īrād adduction, allegation, bringing up, mention(ing), citation,
quotation; pl. -āt importation, import; supply; revenue, income; returns,
proceeds, takings, receipts; yield, gain, profit
‫ ﺗﻮارد‬tawārud successive arrival; accidental identity of ideas
Confidential
‫ اﺳﺘﲑاد‬istīrād importation, import(s)
‫ وارد‬wārid pl. ‫ وراد‬wurrād arriving; found, mentioned; newcomer, arrival;
pl. -āt imports; receipts, incomings, returns, proceeds, takings | ‫واردات‬
‫ وﺻﺎدرات‬imports and exports
‫ ﻣﻮرد‬muwarrid supplier, furnisher, purveyor, contractor
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮرد‬mustaurid importer
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮردات‬mustauradāt imported goods, imports
2‫ ورد‬II to blossom, be in bloom (tree); to apply rouge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), rouge, make
up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to dye or color red (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be or become red; to take on a

rosy color, glow, be aglow, be flushed (cheek) VI = V
‫ ورد‬ward (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ورود‬wurūd rose(s); blossoms, flowers, bloom
‫ وردة‬warda (n. un.) rose; rosette; cockade; rosebush; (eg.) washer; (eg.)
packing ring (of a piston)
‫ وردي‬wardī roseate, rose-colored, rosy; pink
‫ وردﻳﺔ‬wardīya rosary
‫ وردة‬wurda reddish color
1719
‫ ﺗﻮرد‬tawarrud a reddening, red coloration

‫ ﻣﻮرد‬muwarrad rosy, ruddy, red
‫ ﻣﺘﻮرد‬mutawarrid rosy
‫ ﺟﺒﺎل اﻵوراس‬jibāl al-aurās the Aurès Mountains (in E Algeria)
1‫ ورش‬waraša ‫ ﻳـﺮش‬yarišu (warš) to interfere with s.o.’s (jo) p1&ns, thrust
o.s. on s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠﻰ‬II to disturb the peace, make trouble

‫ ورش‬wariš lively, brisk; restless, restive
‫ وارش‬wāriš obtrusive; intruder, parasite
2‫ ورﺷـﺔ‬warša pl. -āt,‫ ورش‬wiraš workshop | ‫ ورﺷـﺔ اﻹﺻـﻼح‬w. al-iṣlāḥ repair
shop, service station; ‫ ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ‬laundry
‫ وروط‬II and IV to entangle, embroil, involve (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.o. in difficulties), put
s.o. (‫ )ه‬in an unpleasant situation, get s.o. in a bad fix V to let o.s. in for
difficulties, get o.s. into trouble; to be entangled, be embroiled, become
involved (‫ ﰲ‬in) X to be entangled, be embroiled, become involved (‫ ﰲ‬in)
Confidential
‫ ورﻃـﺔ‬warṭa pl. waraṭāt, ‫ وراط‬wirāṭ difficult or critical situation, difficulty,
trouble, plight, predicament, awkward position, dilemma, fix, ja.m;
embroilment, bad entanglement
‫ ﺗﻮرط‬lawarruṭ entanglement, involvement (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ ﻣﻮروط‬maurūṭ in a plight, in a bad fix, in a dilemma
‫ ﻣﻮرط‬muwarraṭ in a plight, in a bad fix, in a dilemma
‫ ورع‬warifa ‫ ﻳـﺮع‬yari‘u (wara‘) and waru‘a (‫ وراﻋـﺔ‬warā‘a) to be pious and
god-fearing V to pause (‫ ﻋﻦ‬before), be cautious, hesitate (‫ ﻋﻦ‬about), refrain,
abstain (‫ﻣﻦ‬ ,‫ ﻋﻦ‬from)
‫ ورع‬wara‘ piety, piousness, godliness, godfearingness; caution,
cautiousness, carefulness; timorousness, timidity, shyness, reserve
‫ ورع‬wari‘ pl. ‫ اوراع‬aurā‘ pious, godly, god-fearing; cautious, careful;
reticent, reserved
‫ ورف‬warafa ‫ ﻳـﺮف‬yarifu (warf, ‫ ورﻳـﻒ‬warīf, ‫ وروف‬wurūf) to stretch, extend,
become long (shadow); to sprout, be green, verdant, in bloom (plant) II and
IV to stretch, extend, become long (shadow)
‫ وارف‬wārif extending, stretching (shadow); green, verdant, blooming;
luxuriant
1720
‫ ورق‬II to leaf, burst into leaf, put forth leaves, sprout; to leaf, thumb (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
book); to paper (‫ ﻫـ‬a wall) IV to leaf, burst into leaf, put forth leaves, sprout
‫ ورق‬waraq (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ اوراق‬aurāq foliage, leafage, leaves; paper;
paper money, banknotes; thin sheet metal, laminated metal | ‫ورق ﲤﻐـﺔ‬ w.
tamga stamped paper; ‫ورق اﻟﺮﺳـﻢ‬ w. ar-rasm drawing paper; ‫ورق ﻣـﺰرﻛﺶ‬ w.
muzarkas wallpaper, paper hangings; ‫ ورق اﻟﺴـﻨﻔﺮة‬w. as-sanfara emery paper,
glass paper, sandpaper; ‫( ورق ﺷـﻔﺎف‬šaffāf) tracing paper; ‫ ورق اﻟﺸـﺎﻫﺪة‬carbon
paper; ‫ورق ﻣﻄﺒــﻮع‬ (tun.) stamped paper; ‫ ورق ﻋــﺎدم‬wastepaper; ‫ورق ﻣﻘــﻮى‬
(muqawwan) cardboard, pasteboard; ‫ ورق اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑـﺔ‬writing paper; ‫ ورق اﻟﻠﻌـﺐ‬w.
al-la‘b playing cards; ‫ ورق اﻟﻠـﻒ‬w. al-laff wrapping paper; ‫)ورق ﻧﺸـﺎف )ﻧﺸـﺎش‬
(naššāf, naššāš) blotting paper; ‫ ورق ﻧﻘـﺪي‬paper money; ‫ ورق اﻟﻴﺎﻧﺼـﻴﺐ‬w. al-
yā-naṣīb lottery tickets; ‫ اوراق اﻷﺷـﻐﺎل‬business papers, commercial papers;
‫ اوراق اﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎد‬credentials; ‫ اوراق اﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ‬government bonds; ‫ اوراق اﻟﻘﻀـﻴﺔ‬a. al-
Confidential
qaḍīya court records; ‫ اوراق ﻣﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬securities, bonds; banknotes, paper money;
‫ اوراق اﳌﻮﺳـﻴﻘﻰ‬a. al-mūsīqā sheet music; ‫( اوراق ﻧﻘﺪﻳـﺔ‬naqdīya), ‫ ورق اﻟﻨﻘـﺪ‬w. an-
naqd banknotes, paper money; ‫( ﺣـﱪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ورق‬ḥibr) mere ink on paper, of no
effect (e.g., treaty, agreement); ‫ ﻃـﺮح اﻷوراق ﻋﻠـﻰ اﳌﺎﺋـﺪة‬to lay the cards on the
table; to show one’s hand
‫ ورﻗـﺔ‬waraqa (n. un.) leaf; petal; sheet of paper; piece of paper, slip; note;
card, ticket; document, record, paper; thin metal plate, leaf of sheet metal |
‫ ورﻗﺔ اﻟﱪﻳﺪ‬postcard; ‫ ورﻗﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ‬banknote; ‫( ورﻗﺔ ﻣﺪﻣﻮﻏﺔ‬madmūga) stamped sheet;
‫ ورﻗﺔ ﻟﻌﺐ‬w. la‘b playing card; ‫ ورﻗﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬banknote; bond, security; ‫ ورﻗﺔ اﻻ ﺎم‬w.
al-ittihām bill of indictment
‫ ورﻗﻲ‬waraqī: ‫ ﻧﻘﻮد ورﻗﻴﺔ‬paper money
‫ ورق‬wariq leafy, green, verdant
‫ وراق‬warrāq pl. -ūn paper manufacturer, papermaker; stationer;
wastepaper dealer; copyist (of manuscripts)
‫ وراﻗــﺔ‬wirāqa papermaking, paper manufacture; stationery business,
stationer’s trade
‫ وارق‬wāriq leafy, green, verdant
1721
‫ ﻣﻮرق‬muwarriq stationer
‫ ﻣﻮرق‬mūriq leafy
‫ ورك‬wark, wirk, warik f., pl. ‫ اوراك‬aurāk hip, haunch; thigh
‫ ورل‬waral pl. ‫ ورﻻن‬wirlān, ‫ اورال‬aurāl varan, monitor lizard (zool.)
‫ ورم‬warima ‫ ﻳﺮم‬yarimu (waram) to be swollen; to swell, become swollen II
to cause to swell, inflate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫اﻧﻔـﻪ‬ ‫( ورم‬anfahū) to annoy, vex, irritate,
infuriate s.o.; ‫ﻧﻔﻪ‬ ‫( ورم‬bi-anfihī) to be puffed up, conceited, stuck-up V = I
‫ ورم‬waram pl. ‫ اورام‬aurām swelling, intumescence, tumor | ‫ﰲ اﻧﻔــﻪ ورم‬
(anfihī) he is stuck-up
‫ ﺗﻮرم‬tawarrum swelling, rising, intumescence
‫ وارم‬wārim swollen
‫ ﻣﻮرم‬muwarram swollen
‫ ورن‬waran varan, monitor lizard (zool.)
‫ ورﻧﺶ‬warnaša to varnish, lacquer, japan (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
Confidential
‫ ورﻧـﻴﺶ‬warnīš varnish, lacquer, japan; shoe polish | ‫ ورﻧـﻴﺶ اﻷرﺿـﻴﺔ‬w. al-
ardīya floor wax
‫ اورﻩ‬aurah2, f. ‫ ورﻫﺎء‬warhā’ stupid, dumb; cheeky, brazenfaced, impudent
‫ وروار‬warwar bee eater (Meropl; zool.)
1‫ ورى‬warā ‫ ﻳﺮي‬yarī (wary) to kindle, fire, take fire (lighter) II do.; to strike
fire; to hide, conceal, keep secret, secrete (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to allude (‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ ب‬to s.th.
with); to pretend, feign, affect, simulate (‫ ب‬s.th.) III to try to keep secret (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to hide, conceal (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. in); to disguise, mask (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫واراﻩ اﻟـﱰاب‬
(turāba) to inhume, bury s.o. IV = I; to strike fire V to hide, conceal o.s. (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
or ‫ ﻋﻦ‬from) VI do.; to disappear from the sight (‫ ﻋﻦ‬of s.o. also ‫)ﻋﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﺎر‬
‫ اﻟـﻮرى‬al-warā the mortals, mankind | ‫ ﺧـﲑ اﻟـﻮرى‬kair al-w. the best of all
men, the Prophet Mohammed
‫ وراء‬warā’a (prep.) behind, in the rear of, at the back of; after; beyond,
past; over and above, beside, in addition to; (adv.) warā’u behind, in the
rear, at the back | ‫ اﱃ اﻟـﻮراء‬to the rear; backward; ‫ ﻛـﺎن وراءﻩ‬to be favorably
disposed to s.o., stand behind s.o., support, back s.o.; ‫( ﻣـﺎ وراء اﻷردن‬urdun)
1722
Transjordan; ‫اﻷﻛﻤﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﺎ وراء‬akama) what is at the bottom of it, what is behind

it; ‫ وراء اﻷﻛﻤـﺔ ﻣـﺎ وراءﻫـﺎ‬there is more in it than meets the eye, there is s.th.
wrong; ‫( ﻣــﺎ وراء اﻟﺒﺤــﺮ‬baḥr) overseas; ‫ ﻣــﺎ وراء اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌــﺔ‬the supernatural, the
transcendental; metaphysics; ‫ﻣــﺎ وراء اﻟﻨﻬــﺮ‬ (nahr) Transoxiana; ‫ﻣــﻦ وراء‬ min
warā’i (with foll. genit.) behind, from behind; beyond, past; over and above;
by means of, through, by; ‫( اﻟﺘﻜﺴــﺐ ﻣــﻦ وراء اﻟ ـﺪﻋﺎرة‬takassub, di‘āra)
professional prostitution; ‫( ﻛـﺎﳕﻦ وراء ﻣﻘـﺪرة اﻟﻌﻘـﻞ اﻟﺒﺸـﺮي‬madurati al-‘aqli al-
bašarī) to be beyond the power of human comprehension
‫ وراﺋﻲ‬warā’ī hind, rear, back, located at the back, directed backward
‫ اورى‬aurā (elative) better concealing (‫ ل‬s.th.)
‫ ﺗﻮرﻳﺔ‬tauriya hiding, concealment; dissemblance, dissimulation, hypocrisy;
equivocation, ambiguity, double-entendre, allusion
2‫ ﺗﻮراة‬look up alphabetically
1‫ وز‬wazza u (wazz) to incite, set (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o. against)

2‫اوز‬ = ‫ وز‬iwazz (see up alphabetically)
Confidential
‫ وزب‬wazaba ‫ ﻳﺰب‬yazibu (‫ وزوب‬wuzūb) to flow (water)
‫ ﻣﻴـﺰاب‬mīzāb pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺎزﻳـﺐ‬mayāzīb2 drain pipe, drain; gutter, sewer; roof
gutter | ‫اﻟﺴـﻤﺎء‬ ‫ اﻧﻔﺘﺤـﺖ ﻣﻴﺎزﻳـﺖ‬infataḥat m. us-samā’ the heavens opened their
gates
‫ وزر‬wazara ‫ ﻳﺰر‬yaziru (wizr) to take upon o.s., carry (‫ ﻫـ‬a burden); -- wazira
yaziru and wazira ‫ ﻳـﻮزر‬yauzaru (wizr, wazr, ‫ زرة‬zira) to commit a sin III to
help, assist, aid, support (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. in) IV to support, back up (‫ ه‬s.o.),
strengthen s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬arm VI to help each other VIII ‫ اﺗـﺰر‬ittazara to wear a
loincloth; to put on (‫ ﻫـ‬a garment); to commit a sin
‫ وزر‬wizr pl. ‫ اوزار‬auzār heavy load, burden, encumbrance; sin, crime;
responsibleness, responsibility | ‫وزرﻩ‬ ‫( ﲪﻠـﻪ‬ḥammalahū) to make s.o. bear the
responsibility for s.th., make s.o. answerable for s.th.; ‫وﺿـﻌﺖ اﳊـﺮب اوزارﻫـﺎ‬
waḍa‘at il-ḥarbu auzārahū the war has come to an end
‫ وزرة‬wizra pl. wizarāt loincloth
‫ وزرة‬wazara pl. -āt skirt, skirting (arch.)
1723
2‫ وزر‬V to become a (cabinet) minister X to appoint a (cabinet) minister (‫ه‬

s.o.); to be appointed as (cabinet) minister
‫ وزﻳﺮ‬wazīr pl. ‫ وزراء‬wuzarā’ (cabinet) minister; vizier; queen (in chess) | ‫وزﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺑـﻼ وزارة‬ (bi-lā) minister without portfolio; ‫وزﻳـﺮ ﻣﻔـﻮض‬ (mufawwaḍ) minister
plenipotentiary (dipl.); ‫وزﻳﺮ‬ ‫( ﻣﻘﻴﻢ‬muqīm) minister resident (Tun.); ‫اﻟﻮزﻳﺮ اﻷﻛـﱪ‬
the Prime Minister (Tun.); ‫ ﳎﻠــﺲ اﻟــﻮزراء‬majlis al-w. cabinet, council of
ministers; for the various departments see under ‫وزارة‬
‫ وزارة‬wizāra pl. -āt ministry; (rarer, also) cabinet, government | ‫وزارة اﻹرﺷﺎد‬
‫ اﻟﻘــﻮﻣﻲ‬w. al-iršād al-qaumī Ministry of National Guidance (Eg.); ‫وزارة‬
‫ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬ministry of information; ‫‘( وزارة اﻷﺷﻐﺎل اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬umūmīya) ministry
of public works; ‫ وزارة اﻷوﻗــﺎف‬ministry of religious endowments, wakf
ministry; ‫ وزارة اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳـﺔ‬w. al-baḥrīya naval department, ministry of the navy;

‫ وزارة اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬ministry of commerce; ‫( وزارة اﻟﱰﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴﻢ‬w. at-tarbiya) ministry of
education; ‫ وزارة اﳊﺮﺑﻴـﺔ‬w. at-tarbiya war ministry; ‫ وزارة اﳊﻘﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬w. al-ḥaqqānīya
Confidential
ministry of justice; ‫ وزارة اﳋﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬w. al-kārijīya foreign ministry; ‫ وزارة اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬w.
ad-dākilīya ministry of the interior;

‫ اﻟﺸـﺆون اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬w. aš-šu’ūn
‫ وزارة اﻟﺰراﻋـﺔ‬ministry of agriculture; ‫وزارة‬
al-ijtimā‘īya ministry of social affairs; ‫وزارة‬
‫( اﻟﺸـﺆون اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳـﺔ واﻟﻘﺮوﻳـﺔ‬baladīya, qarawīya) Ministry of Municipal and Rural
Affairs (Eg.); ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ وزارة اﻟﺼـﺤﺔ‬w. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa al-‘umūmīya ministry of public

health; ‫ وزارة اﻟﻄـﲑان‬w. aṭ-tayarān air ministry; ‫ )وزارة ﻫﻠﻌـﺪل )اﻟﻌﺪﻟﻴـﺔ‬w. at-‘adl
(al-‘adlīya) ministry of justice; ‫اﳌﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ وزارة‬w. al-mālīya finance ministry; ‫وزارة‬
‫اﳌﻌـﺎرف‬ ministry of education; ‫ وزارة اﳌﻮاﺻـﻼت‬w. al-muwāṣalāt ministry of
communications
‫ وزاري‬wizārī ministerial
‫ وزع‬waza‘a ‫ ﻳﺰع‬yaza‘u (waz‘) to curb, restrain (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to distribute ( ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﻫـ‬s.th. among or to, ‫ ﺑﲔ ﻫـ‬s.th. among), allot, apportion, deal out ( ‫ اﱃ‬,‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to deliver (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the mail); pass. wuzi‘a to be distributed, be
divided (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬among) V to be distributed; to be divided; to divide among
1724
themselves, (successively, alternately) beset and torment (‫ ه‬s.o.; e.g.,

anxieties, sorrows, thoughts)
‫ اوزاع‬auzā‘ groups or crowds of people
‫ وزﻳﻌﺔ‬wazī‘a pl. ‫ وزاﺋﻊ‬wazā’i‘ share, portion, allotment
‫ ﺗﻮزﻳـﻊ‬tauzī‘ distribution (also, e.g., in motion-picture industry); division,
apportionment, allotment; delivery; sale, market | ‫ﺗﻮزﻳــﻊ اﻟﺜــﺮوة‬ t. at-tarwa
distribution
of (public) wealth; ‫ﺗﻮزﻳـﻊ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬ t. al-‘mal division of labor; ‫ﺗﻮزﻳـﻊ اﳉـﻮاﺋﺰ‬
distribution of prizes, award of prizes; ‫ح‬ ‫ ﺗﻮزﻳـﻊ اﻷر‬distribution (or payment)
of dividends; ‫ﺗﻮزﻳــﻊ ﻣﺴـﺘﻌﺠﻞ‬ (musta‘jil) special delivery, express delivery
(mail)
‫ وازع‬wāzi‘ obstruction, obstacle, impediment
‫ ﻣﻮزع‬muwazzi‘ distributing; distributor | ‫ ﻣﻮزع اﻟﱪﻳﺪ‬postman, mailman
‫ ﻣﻮزع‬muwazza‘ distributed; scattered, dispersed | ‫ ﻣﻮزع اﳋﻮاﻃﺮ‬and ‫ﻣﻮزع اﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬
m. al-fikr absent-minded; unconcentrated, distraught, scatterbrained
Confidential
‫ وزال‬wazzāl genista, broom (bot.)
‫ وزن‬wazana ‫ ﻳـﺰن‬yazinu (wazn, ‫ زﻧـﺔ‬zina) to weigh (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to balance,
equilibrate, equalize, even up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to weigh out, sell by weight (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. to s.o.) III to equal in weight (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be of the same weight as (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, be
‫ل‬
balanced (‫ ﻫـ‬with), equilibrate, counterbalance (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to outweigh (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.),

compensate, make up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to balance, equilibrate, poise (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬two things);
to compare (‫و‬ – ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬s.th. with), weigh one thing against the other; to make a
comparison, draw a parallel (‫ وﺑــﲔ‬-- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between -- and); to distribute
equally (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to be balanced, be in equilibrium, be counterpoised, be
in equipoise
‫ زﻧﺔ‬zina weighing; weight
‫ وزن‬wazn pl. ‫ اوزان‬auzān weight; (poetic) measure, meter; noun or verb
pattern, form (gram.); tonnage of a vessel); weight, weight class (in boxing,
etc.) | ‫ﻻ وزن ﻟــﻪ‬ (wazna) or‫ ﻋــﺪﱘ اﻟــﻮزن‬imponderable; insignificant, of no
consequence, negligible; ‫ اﻗـﺎم وز ﻛﺒـﲑا ل‬to attach great importance to, set
great store by; ‫ ﻣﺼــﻠﺤﺔ اﻟــﻮزن واﻟﻜﻴــﻞ‬maṣlaḥat al-w. wa-l-kail bureau of
1725
standards; ‫وزن اﻟــﺪﻳﻚ‬ w. ad-dīk bantamweight (boxing); ‫اﻟــﻮزن اﻟﻔــﺎرغ‬ dead

weight
‫ وزﻧـﺔ‬wazna pl. wazanāt weight; gold or silver talent; (Ir.) weight of about
100 kg (varying; officially 10s.835 kg) | ‫وزﻧــﺔ اﺿــﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ (idāfīya) additional
weight, overweight
‫ وزﱐ‬waznī weight- (in compounds), of weight; ponderable, appreciable;
weighty, ponderous, grave
‫ وزان‬wizāna (prep.) commensurate with, corresponding to, in conformity
with, in analogy to, following the model or pattern of
‫ وزﻳﻦ‬wazīn weighty, ponderous | ‫ وزﻳﻦ اﻟﺮأي‬of sound judgment, judicious
‫ ﻣﻴـﺰان‬mīzān pl. ‫ ﻣـﻮازﻳﻦ‬mawāzīn2 balance, scales; weight; measure; poetic
measure, meter; rule, method; justice, equity, fairness, impartiality; ‫اﳌﻴـﺰان‬
Libra, Balance (astron.) | ‫ ﻣﻴـﺰان اﳊـﺮارة‬m. al-ḥarāra thermometer; ‫ﻣﻴـﺰان راﺻـﺪ‬
self-registering scales; ‫( ﻣﻴـﺰان ﻃﺒﻠـﻲ‬ṭablī) weighing machine, platform scale;
weighbridge; ‫ ﻣﻴﺰان اﳌﺎء‬spirit level, level
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻴﺰاﻧﻴـﺔ‬mīzānīya balance, equilibrium, equipoise; balance (com.); budget |
‫( ﻣﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺔ‬mulḥaqa) supplementary budget
‫ ﻣﻮازﻧــﺔ‬muwāzana equality of weight, balance, equilibrium, equipoise;
outweighing; counterbalance, counterpoise, counterweight, compensation;
stabilizing effect; comparing, weighing; comparison, parallel (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between);
budget; (tun.) timetable, schedule
‫ ﺗـﻮازن‬tawāzun balance, equilibrium, equipoise; poise, balance; balancing,
poising | ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲ‬ ‫( ﺗـﻮازن‬siyāsī) political balance; ‫ ﺗـﻮازن اﻟﻘـﻮى‬t. al-quwā balance
of power; ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ اﻋﺎد اﻟﺘﻮازن‬to restore the balance between
‫ اﺗـﺰان‬ittizān balance, equilibrium, equipoise; mental health; harmony;
impartiality
‫ وازن‬wāzin weighing; of full weight; drunk, tight
‫ ﻣـﻮزون‬mauzūn weighed; of full weight; balanced, in equilibrium, evenly
poised; well-considered, well-advised, deliberate; well-balanced, well-
proportioned, well-measured; rhythmically balanced; of sound judgment,
judicious
‫ ﻣﻮازن‬muwāzin outweighing, counterbalancing, equal, equivalent
‫ ﻣﺘﻮازن‬mutawāzin balanced, in equilibrium
1726
‫ ﻣﺘﺰن‬muttazin balanced, measured, regular; well-balanced, harmonious (in

color, and the like)
‫ وزى‬III to be parallel (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to be opposite s.th. (‫)ﻫ ـ‬, be the
counterpart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to correspond, amount, be equal or equivalent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to),
equal (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to be parallel, run side by side; to be mutually
corresponding, be equivalent
‫ ﻣﻮازاة‬muwāzāh equal distance; parallelism; equivalence
‫ ﺗـﻮاز‬tawāzin equal distance; parallelism; equivalence | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘـﻮازي‬side by
side, parallel
‫ ﻣﻮاز‬muwāzin parallel; equivalent
‫ ﻣﺘﻮاز‬mutawāzin parallel; similar | O ‫ ﻣﺘﻮازي اﻷﺿﻼع‬parallelogram; O ‫ﻣﺘﻮازي‬
‫ اﻟﺴﻄﻮح‬parallelepiped
‫ وﺳـﺦ‬wasaka ‫ ﻳﻮﺳـﺦ‬yausaku (wasak) to be or become dirty II and IV to
dirty, soil, sully, stain, foul (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V and VIII ‫ اﺗﺴﺦ‬ittasaka = I
‫ وﺳﺦ‬pl. ‫ اوﺳﺎخ‬ausāk dirt; filth, squalor
Confidential
‫ وﺳﺦ‬wasik dirty, filthy, soiled, sullied, unclean
‫ وﺳﺎﺧﺔ‬wasāka dirtiness, filthiness, uncleanness, dirt, filth, squalor
‫ وﺳـﺪ‬II to put under s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬head (‫ ﻫ ـ‬pillow), rest, lay (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o.’s head
on), bed (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. on) | ‫( وﺳـﺪﻩ اﻟـﱰاب‬turāba) to lay s.o. or s.th. to rest in the
ground; ‫( وﺳـﺪﻩ ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬ṣadrahū) to take s.o. to one’s breast, hug s.o. V to lay
one’s head on a pillow (‫ ;)ﻫـ‬to rest or recline on a pillow or cushion (‫)ﻫـ‬
‫ وﺳﺎد‬wasād, wusād, wisād pl. ‫ وﺳﺪ‬wusūd pillow, cushion | ‫ ﻟﺰم اﻟﻮﺳﺎد‬lazima
l-wasāda to be confined to bed
‫ وﺳﺎدة‬wisāda pl. -āt, ‫ وﺳﺎﺋﺪ‬wasā’id2 pillow, cushion
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺪ‬muwassad easy, smooth, paved (way)
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺮ‬see ‫ﻳﺴﺮ‬
‫ وﺳـﻂ‬II to place, put, or set in the middle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to choose or appoint as
mediator (‫ه‬ ‫ ﺑﲔ‬s.o. between) V to be in the middle or center (iJ of); to stand
in the middle, keep to the middle, hold the middle between two extremes,
1727
steer a middle course; to mediate (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬for s.o. s.th.; ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between), act as
mediator or go-between (‫ ﰲ‬in)
‫ وﺳـﻂ‬wasaṭ, ‫ وﺳـﻂ‬pl. ‫ اوﺳـﺎط‬ausāṭ middle; center, heart; waist; milieu,
environment, surroundings, sphere; means, instrument, agent, medium;
mediocrity, medium quality, average; pl. circles, quarters, classes, strata (of
the population; -- wasaṭ pl. ‫ اوﺳـﺎط‬ausāṭ median, medial, middle, central; in
the middle, middle-of-the-road, moderate; intermediate (between two
extremes); middling, mediocre, coverage, mean, medium; -- wasṭa (prep.) in
the middle, heart, or center of, in the midst of, amid, among | ‫ﰲ وﺳـﻂ ﻣـﻦ‬
(wasaṭin) in the middle or midst of, within; ‫ﰲ اﻟﻮﺳـﻂ‬ in the very center;
midway; of medium quality; ‫ ﰲ وﺳـﻄﻨﺎ‬in our midst, among us; ‫وﺳـﻂ اﻟﺼـﻴﻒ‬
midsummer; ‫وﺳﻂ‬ ‫( ﺣﺠﻢ‬ḥajm) medium size; ‫( ﺣﻞ وﺳﻂ‬ḥall) middle solution,
middle course, compromise; ‫( اﻟﺴـﲑة اﻟﻮﺳـﻂ‬sīra) medium pace; a moderate,
neutral attitude; ‫ اﻷوﺳـﺎط اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‬diplomatic circles; ‫‘( اﻷوﺳـﺎط اﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬āmma)
the general public, the public at large; ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ اوﺳﺎط‬the middle classes
Confidential
‫ وﺳﻄﻲ‬wasaṭī of or relative to the milieu or environment
‫ وﺳـﻄﺎﱐ‬wasṭānī middle, central, medial, median; intermediate; middling,
medium, mediocre
‫ وﺳﻄﻴﺔ‬wasṭīya pl. -āt patio, inner courtyard
‫ وﺳــﺎﻃﺔ‬wisāṭa mediation, intervention; good offices, recommendation,
intercession |‫ ﺑﻮﺳـﺎﻃﺔ‬by means of, through, by, per; ‫ ﻋـﻦ وﺳـﺎﻃﺔ ﻓـﻼن‬through
the good offices of s.o. ‫ ﻗﺪم وﺳﺎﻃﺘﻪ‬to offer one’s good offices for
‫ وﺳـﻴﻂ‬wasīṭ pl. ‫ وﺳـﻄﺎء‬middle, intermediary, intermediate, medial, median;
mediator, intercessor; intermediary; agent, go-between, broker, middleman;
medium (occultism) ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫‘( اﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬aṣr) the Middle Ages
‫ وﺳﻴﻄﺔ‬wasīṭa pl. ‫ وﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬wasā’iṭ2 means, medium | ‫ وﺳﺎﺋﻂ اﳌﻮاﺻـﻼت واﻟﻨﻘـﻞ‬w.
al-muwāṣalāt wa-n-naql means of communication and transportation
‫ اوﺳـﻂ‬ausaṭ2 pl. ‫ اواﺳـﻂ‬awāsīṭ2, f. ‫ وﺳـﻄﻰ‬wusṭā pl. ‫ وﺳـﻂ‬wusaṭ middle,
central; ‫ اﻟﻮﺳـﻄﻰ‬the middle finger | ‫اﻷﺳـﺒﻮع‬
‫( ﰲ اواﺳـﻂ ﻫـﺬا‬usbū‘) in the middle
of this week; ‫ اواﺳـﻂ اﻟﺸـﻬﺮ‬a. aš-šahr the middle of the month; ‫اواﺳـﻂ اﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴـﺔ‬
Central Africa; ‫( اورو اﻟﻮﺳـﻄﻰ‬urubbā)) Central Europe; ‫( اﻟﺸـﺮق اﻷوﺳـﻂ‬šarq)
1728
the Middle East; ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬‫( اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎت‬ṭabaqāt) the middle classes; (‫اﻟﻘـﺮون )اﻟﻌﺼـﻮر‬
‫ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬the Middle Ages; ‫ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ وﺳﻄﻰ‬mean result, average
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬tawassuṭ mediation, intervention; situation or position in the middle,
intermediateness, intermediacy; mediocrity
‫ واﺳــﻄﺔ‬wāsiṭa pl. ‫ وﺳــﺎﺋﻂ‬mediator, mediatress, intermediary; mediacy,
agency, instrumentality, agent, device, means, medium; expedient | ‫ﺑﻮاﺳـﻄﺔ‬
by means of, through, by, per; on the part of, by; ‫ ﻟﻮﺳــﺎﻃﺔ‬indirectly,
mediately; ‫ ﺬﻩ اﻟﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬by this means or device, by that; ‫ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ذﻟﻚ‬by means
of that, by that; ‫ واﺳﻄﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬w. al-ittiṣāl link
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺳــﻂ‬mutawassiṭ middle, medium; medial, median, intermediate;
centrally located, central; mediating, intermediary; mediator, go between;
mean, average | ‫اﳊﺎل‬ ‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬those of average means; ‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﳊﺠﻢ‬m. al-ḥajm
middle-sized, of medium size; ‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ اﻟﻌﻤـﺮ‬m. al-‘umr middle-aged; ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ اﻟﻘﺎﻣـﺔ‬of medium height, middle-sized; ‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ اﻟﻨـﻮع‬m. an-nau‘ middling, of
Confidential
medium quality; ‫( اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ اﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬baḥr, abyaḍ) the Mediterranean; ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺎت‬
‫( ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬maujāt) medium waves (radio); ‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﳍﺠﻮم‬center forward (soccer)
‫ وﺳـﻊ‬wasu‘a ‫ ﻳﻮﺳـﻊ‬yausu‘u (‫ وﺳـﺎﻋﺔ‬wasā‘a) to be wide, roomy, spacious,
vast, extensive; -- wasi‘a ‫ ﻳﺴﻊ‬yasa‘u (‫ ﺳـﻌﺔ‬sa‘a) to be wide, roomy, spacious;
to be well-to-do, be well off; to hold, accommodate, house, seat, etc. (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.), have room, have capacity (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬ for); to contain, comprise,
comprehend, encompass, include (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be large enough, suffice, be
sufficient, adequate, enough (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); wasi‘a yasa‘u (‫ وﺳـﻊ‬wus‘, ‫ ﺳـﻌﺔ‬sa‘a)
esp. with negation: to be possible (‫ ه‬for s.o.), be permitted, be allowed (‫ ه‬to
s.o.), be in s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬power, be up to s.o. (‫ ;)ه‬to be able (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to do s.th.), be

capable (‫ ﻫـ‬of); to be allowed (‫ ﻫـ‬to do s.th.) | ‫اﻗـﻮل‬
‫ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻌﲏ ان‬I cannot say; ‫ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ اﺳﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬I can’t do that II to make wider, roomier, more spacious (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to
extend expand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to widen, enlarge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.th.); to broaden (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to be generous, liberal, openhanded (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward s.o., ‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬toward s.o.
with s.th.); to make rich. enrich (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.) | ‫ﺧﻄـﺎﻩ‬ ‫( وﺳـﻊ‬kuṭāhu) to take longer
1729
strides, stride out, quicken one’s pace; ‫ل‬ ‫( وﺳـﻊ اﳌﻜـﺎن‬makāna) to make room
for IV = II; to be or become rich | ‫( اوﺳـﻌﻪ ﺑـﺮا‬birran) to treat s.o. with the
greatest reverence, bestow ample favors upon s.o.: ‫( اوﺳـﻌﻪ ﺷـﺘﻤﺎ‬šatman) to
heap abuse on s.o.; ‫( اوﺳﻌﻪ ﺿﺮ‬ḍarban) to give s.o. a sound beating, wall s.o.;
‫( اوﺳﻊ اﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ‬nafaqata) to incur great expenses V to be extended, be expanded,
be widened; to spread (out), expand, widen, expand; to have enough room,
sit comfortably; to make o.s. comfortable, make o.s. at home (‫ ﰲ‬in); to
enlarge, expatiate (‫ ﰲ‬on), talk or write at great length (‫ ﰲ‬about); to proceed
(‫ ﰲ‬in); to continue (‫ ﰲ‬s.th., in s.th.) | ‫( ﺗﻮﺳـﻊ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻔﻘـﺔ‬nafaqa) to incur great
expenses VIII ‫اﺗﺴـﻊ‬ ittasa‘a to be extended, be expanded, be widened, be
enlarged; to expand, widen, grow, increase; to stretch far and wide, be vast;
to extend, range; to become rich; to be large or wide enough, suffice, be
sufficient, adequate, enough (‫ ل‬for); to hold, accommodate, house, seat, etc.
(‫ ل‬s.o., s.th.), have room (‫ ل‬for); to be at s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬disposal; to be

susceptible (‫ ل‬of); to be able (~ to do s.th.). be capable (‫ ﻫـ‬of) | ‫ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﻟﻪ‬
Confidential
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌـﲎ‬ (kalimatu, ma‘nan) in the widest sense of the word X to
widen, expand, become wider; to become larger, increase in size; to find
wide or large (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﺳـﻌﺔ‬sa‘a wideness, roominess, spaciousness; extent, range, compass;
volume, holding capacity, capacity; capability, faculty, power, ability;
comfortableness, comfort; plenty, abundance, profusion; luxury, affluence,
wealth | ‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ ذو‬well-to-do, wealthy; ‫ ﺑﺴﻌﺔ‬or ‫ ﻋﻦ ﺳـﻌﺔ‬amply, abundantly; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( اﻟﺮﺣـﺐ واﻟﺴـﻌﺔ‬ruḥb) welcome! ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗـﺪر ﺳـﻌﱵ‬qadri sa‘atī) to the best of my
abilities; ‫( ﻛﺎن ﰲ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ رزﻗـﻪ‬rizqihī) to be wealthy, live in luxury; ‫ﺳـﻌﺔ اﻟﺼـﺪر‬
s. ṣadr patience, long-suffering; ‫( ﺳـﻌﺔ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋﻴـﺔ‬kahrabā’īya) electric capacity;
O ‫اﳌﻮﺟﺔ‬ ‫ ﺳﻌﺔ‬s. al-mauja amplitude (el.)

‫ وﺳـﻊ‬wus‘ ability, capability, faculty; capacity; power, strength; holding
capacity | ‫ وﺳﻌﻪ‬wus‘uhū what he can do. what is in his power; ‫ان‬ ‫ ﰲ وﺳﻌﻪ‬it is
in his power to ..., he can …; ‫ ﰲ وﺳـﻌﻲ ان اﻗـﻮل‬I can, or I may, say; ‫ﻟـﻴﺲ ﰲ‬
‫( وﺳﻌﻪ اﻻ‬illā) ha has no other possibility but ..., he cannot but ...; ‫ ﺑـﺬل وﺳـﻌﻪ‬to
go to great pains, do one’s best or utmost
1730
‫ وﺳﻊ‬wasa‘ vastness, vast space

‫ وﺳـﻌﺔ‬wus‘a wideness, roominess, spaciousness; extent, range, compass;
plenty, abundance, profusion (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
‫ وﺳﻴﻊ‬wasī‘ pl. ‫ وﺳﺎع‬wisā‘ wide, vast; roomy, spacious, large; capacious
‫ اوﺳـﻊ‬ausa‘2 wider, larger, roomier, more spacious | ‫( اوﺳـﻊ ﺻـﺪرا‬ṣadran)
more patient; ‫ﻣﺪى‬ ‫( اوﺳﻊ‬madan) broader, wider
‫ ﺗﻮﺳـﻴﻊ‬tausī‘ widening, expansion; broadening, extension; enlargement,
increase
‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ‬tausi‘a: ‫ اﺟﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬ajal at-t. reprieve, reprieve (jur.)
‫ ﺗﻮﺳـﻊ‬tawassu‘ extending, extension, widening, increase, enlargement;
expansion | ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬in a wider sense, by extension; ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫( ﺗﻮﺳﻊ‬isti‘mārī)
imperialistic expansion; O ‫اﳊـﺮب‬ ‫ ﺗﻮﺳـﻊ‬t. al-ḥarb extension of the (theater of)
war; ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ‬ ‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬siyāsat at-t. policy of expansion
‫ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻲ‬tawassu‘ī expansionist (adj.) | ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﺔ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻴﺔ‬ (siyāsa) policy of
Confidential
expansion, expansionist policy
‫ اﺗﺴـﺎع‬ittisā‘ extending, extension, extensiveness, wideness, spaciousness,
vastness, expanse, range, scope, compass, extent; O amplitude (el.); O
gauge (of railroad tracks); sufficiency, adequacy | ‫اﺗﺴـﺎع ﰲ اﻟﻜـﻼم‬ (kalām)
vagueness of expression; ‫ﻋ ــﺪم اﻻﺗﺴ ـﺎع ل‬ ‘adam al-itt, insufficiency,

inadequacy for
‫ واﺳــﻊ‬wāsi‘ wide; broad; large, roomy, spacious, vast, sweeping,
extensive; far-reaching | ‫اﻻﻧﺘﺸـﺎر‬
‫ واﺳـﻊ‬widespread; ‫( )واﺳـﻊ اﻟﺮﲪـﺔ )اﻟﻌـﺪل‬al-‘adl)
abounding in mercy (in justice); ‫ واﺳـﻊ اﻟﺼـﺪر‬w. aṣ-ṣadr patient; forbearing,
indulgent, generous, magnanimous; ‫ واﺳــﻊ اﻟﻨﻄــﺎق‬far-reaching, extensive;
comprehensive; large-scale; ‫رﺟــﻞ واﺳــﻊ اﳊﻴﻠــﺔ‬ (rajul, ḥila) a resourceful,
ingenious man; ‫واﺳـﻊ‬ ‫( ﺛﻮب‬taub) wide or loose garment; ‫( ﺳـﻬﻞ واﺳـﻊ‬sahl) vast
(sweeping) plain; ‫ ﺷﺎرع واﺳﻊ‬broad street
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ‬mausū‘a pl. -āt comprehensive work; encyclopedia; thesaurus
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﻲ‬mausū‘ī encyclopedic
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻊ‬mūsī‘ rich, wealthy
1731
‫ ﻣﺘﺴــﻊ‬mutasi‘ wide, extensive, vast, spacious, roomy, large; ample,

abundant, sufficient
‫ ﻣﺘﺴﻊ‬muttasa‘ space; room | ‫( ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ل‬yajid, waqt) or ‫ﱂ ﻳﻜـﻦ‬
‫( ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ﻣﺘﺴـﻊ ل‬yakun) not to have enough time for; O ‫( ﻣﺘﺴـﻊ ﺣﻴـﻮي‬ḥayawī)
lebensraum
‫ وﺳـﻖ‬wasaqa ‫ ﻳﺴـﻖ‬yasiqu (wasq) to load, freight (‫ ﻫ ـ ﻫ ـ‬a ship with) IV do.
VIII ‫ اﺗﺴـﻖ‬ittasaqa to be in good order, be well-ordered; to harmonize, be in
keeping (‫ ﻣﻊ‬with) X to be or become possible (‫ ل‬for s.o.)
‫ وﺳﻖ‬wasq pl. ‫ وﺳﻖ‬wusūq, ‫ اوﺳﺎق‬ausāq load, freight, cargo
‫ اﺗﺴﺎق‬ittisāq harmony
‫ ﻣﺘﺴﻖ‬muttasiq in good order, well-ordered; balanced, harmonious
‫ وﺳﻜﻲ‬wiskī whiskey
‫ وﺳـﻞ‬V to ingratiate o.s. curry favor (‫ اﱃ‬with), seek to gain access (‫ اﱃ‬to),
seek or solicit s.o.’s (‫ )اﱃ‬favor; to implore, beseech, entreat (‫ اﱃ‬s.o.), plead
(‫ اﱃ‬with s.o.); to ask s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬help, turn with a request (‫ ب‬to s.o.); to use
Confidential
as a means (‫ ب‬s.th.), make use (‫ ب‬of a means)
‫ وﺳــﻴﻠﺔ‬wasīla pl. ‫ وﺳــﺎﺋﻞ‬wasā’il2 means, medium; device, expedient,
instrument, tool, agent; measure, step | ‫وﺳــﺎﺋﻞ اﻻﺣﺘﻴــﺎط‬ precautionary
measures, precautions; ‫ وﺳـﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴﻢ‬educational aids, training aids, material
of instruction; ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻴـﻒ‬ ‫ وﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬air-conditioning installation; ‫ وﺳـﺎﺋﻞ اﳌﻮاﺻـﻼت‬w.
al-muwāṣalāt means of communication; ‫ وﺳـﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﻘـﻞ‬w. an-naql means of
transportation; ‫ اﺑﺘﻐـﻰ اﻟﻮﺳـﻴﻠﺔ‬to try to ingratiate o.s. (‫ ب اﱃ‬with s.o. by s.th.);
‫( اﲣﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ittakada) to regard s.th. as an expedient for ...
‫ ﺗﻮﺳـﻞ‬tawassul request, entreaty, fervent plea; petition, application | ‫ﺗﻮﺳـﻼ‬
‫ اﱃ‬tawassulan ilā so as to succeed by this means in ..., in order to get to the
point where ...
‫وﺳــﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﻘــﻞ‬ w. an-naql means of transportation; ‫اﺑﺘﻐــﻰ اﻟﻮﺳــﻴﻠﺔ‬ to try to
ingratiate s.o. (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ ب‬with s.o. by s.th); ‫( اﲣـﺬ ﻣﻨـﻪ اﻟﻮﺳـﻴﻠﺔ ل‬ittakada) to regard
s.th. as an expedient for ...
1732
‫ ﺗﻮﺳـﻞ‬tawassul request, entreaty, fervent plea; petition, application | ‫ﺗﻮﺳـﻼ‬

‫ اﱃ‬tawassulan ilā so as to succeed by this means in ..., in order to get to the
point where ...
‫ وﺳـﻢ‬wasama ‫ ﻳﺴـﻢ‬yasimu (wasm, ‫ ﲰـﺔ‬sima) to brand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬cattle); to stamp,
mark, brand (‫ه‬ ,‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th. as) | ‫ وﲰــﻪ ﻟﻌــﺎر‬to brand as infamous,
stigmatize s.o. ‫( وﺳـﻢ ﺟﺒﻴﻨـﻪ ب‬wusima jabīnuhū) to be written in s.o.’s face II
to distinguish (‫ ه‬s.o.) confer distinction (‫ ه‬upon s.o.), award a decoration or
order (‫ ه‬to) V to scrutinize, regard attentively, watch closely (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
examine carefully (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to regard (‫ ه‬s.o.) look at (‫ ;)ه‬to be marked,
characterized (‫ ب‬by) | ‫( ﺗﻮﺳـﻢ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺧـﲑا‬kairan) to see promising signs in s.o.,
expect a lot of good of s o., set great hopes on s.o. VIII ‫ اﺗﺴـﻢ‬ittasama to be
branded; to be marked, characterized (‫ ب‬by), to bear the stamp of (‫)ب‬

‫ ﲰﺔ‬sima pl. –āt, sign, mark, characteristic; outward characteristic, feature,
trait; stamp, impress, character (of s.th.); visa (Saudi Ar.); pl. -āt also:
Confidential
features, facial expression, mien, bearing
‫ وﺳـﻢ‬wasm pl. ‫ وﺳـﻮم‬wusūm brand; tribal mark, tribal brand, characteristic,
mark; coat or arms
‫ وﺳـﺎم‬wisām pl. ‫ اوﲰـﺔ‬ausima badge; decoration, medal; order; badge or
honor | ‫اﻻﺳـﺘﺤﻘﺎق‬ ‫ وﺳـﺎم‬order or merit; ‫ وﺳـﺎم رﺑﻄـﺔ اﻟﺴـﺎق‬w. rabṭat as-sāq Order
or the Garter; ‫ )وﺳـﺎم اﻟﺸـﺮف )ﺟﻮﻗـﺔ اﻟﺸـﺮف‬w. aš-šaraf (jauqat aš-š.) Legion of
Honor; ‫‘( اﻟﻮﺳﺎم اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬alawī) the Moroccan “ouissam alaouite”
‫ وﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬wasāma grace, gracefulness, charm, beauty
‫ وﺳـﻴﻢ‬wasīm pl. ‫ وﲰـﺎء‬wusamā’2, ‫ وﺳـﺎم‬wisām graceful, comely, pretty,
good-looking; beautiful (face)
‫ ﻣﻮﺳـﻢ‬mawāsim pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺳـﻢ‬mawāsim2 time or the year, season; festive
season; specif., the Muslim hadj festival); festival, feast day, holiday; fair;
bed date, deadline; harvest | ‫اﳌﻮاﺳـﻢ واﻷﻋﻴـﺎد‬ the feasts and holidays; ‫ﻣﻮﺳـﻢ‬
‫ اﻻﺻـﻄﻴﺎف‬summer season (of a health resort); ‫( ﻣﻮﺳـﻢ ﲤﺜﻴﻠـﻲ‬tamtīlī) or ‫ﻣﻮﺳـﻢ‬
‫( ﻣﺴــﺮﺣﻲ‬masraḥī) theater season; ‫ ﻣﻮﺳــﻢ اﳊــﺞ‬m. al-ḥajj season or the
Pilgrimage; ‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﻦ‬m. al-quṭn cotton harvest, cotton season
1733
‫ ﻣﻮﲰﻲ‬mausimī: ‫( اﻟﺮﻳﺢ اﳌﻮﲰﻴﺔ‬rīḥ) the monsoon

‫ ﻣﻴﺴـﻢ‬mīsam pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺳـﻢ‬mawāsim2, ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﺳـﻢ‬mayāsim2 branding iron; brand;
stigma
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻮم‬mausūm branded; stigmatized; marked, characterized (‫ ب‬with)
‫ وﺳﻦ‬wasina ‫ ﻳﻮﺳﻦ‬yausanu (wasan, ‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬sina) to sleep, slumber
‫ وﺳﻦ‬wasan slumber, doze
‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬sina slumber, doze | ‫( ﺳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮم‬naum) a short nap
‫ وﺳﻦ‬wasin sleepy, drowsy, somnolent
‫ وﺳﻨﺎن‬wasnān2, f. ‫ وﺳﲎ‬wasnā sleepy, drowsy, somnolent
‫ وﺳـﻮس‬waswasa to speak under one’s breath, whisper (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.); to
inatill evil
(‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ‬ in s.o.; passion, devil), prompt or tempt s.o. (‫ ل‬or ‫)اﱃ‬ with
wicked suggestion; to awaken doubts, arouse scruples (‫ ل‬or ‫اﱃ‬ in s.o.’s

mind; conscience) II tawaswasa to reel uneasy, have scruples, be anxious,
worried, full of apprehensions; to be in doubt, have misgivings, be
Confidential
suspicious
‫ وﺳـﻮاس‬waswās pl. ‫ وﺳــﺎوس‬wasāwis2 devilish insinuation, temptation;
disturbance; scruple; misgiving, suspicion; rustling, rustle, whisper (or
leaves, and the like)
‫ وﺳـﻮاس‬waswās pl. ‫ وﺳــﺎوس‬wasāwis2 devilish insinuation, temptation;
wicked thoughts; doubt, misgiving, suspicion; delusion, fixed idea;
uneasiness, anxiety, concern; melancholy; ‫اﻟﻮﺳـﻮاس‬ the Tempter, Satan |
‫ وﺳﻮاس اﻟﻘﻄﻦ‬w. al-quṭn cotton buds

‫ ﻣﻮﺳﻮس‬muwaswas obsessed with delusions
1‫ وﺳﻰ‬IV to shave (‫ ﻫـ‬the head)
‫ ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ‬mūsā f., pl. ‫ ﻣـﻮاس‬mawāsin, ‫ اﻣـﻮاس‬amwās straight razor; see also

alphabetically
2‫ وﺳﻰ‬III (variant or ‫ اﺳﻰ‬III) and ‫ ﻣﻮاﺳﺎة‬see ‫اﺳﻰ‬
‫ وﺷﺐ‬wišb pl. ‫ اوﺷﺎب‬awšāb horde, mob, crowd

‫ وﺷﻴﺞ‬wašīj: ‫ وﺷﻴﺞ اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬w. al-ittiṣāl closely connected
‫ وﺷﻴﺠﺔ‬wašīja pl. ‫ وﺷﺎﺋﺞ‬wašā’ij close tie
‫ ﻣﺘﻮاﺷﺞ‬mutwāsij connected, interrelated
1734
‫ وﺷـﺢ‬III to adorn or dress (‫ ه‬s.o., with the wišāḥ, q.v.) V and VIII ‫اﺗﺸـﺎح‬
ittašḥa to put on, don (‫ ب‬a belt, sash, and the like),; to throw on loosely (‫ب‬
a cloak or similar garment); to garb o.s. (‫ ب‬with); to assume (‫ ب‬a name),
go by a name (‫)ب‬
‫ وﺷــﺎح‬wišāḥ, wušāḥ pl. ‫ وﺷــﺢ‬wušuḥ, ‫ اوﺷــﺤﺔ‬aušiḥa, ‫ وﺷــﺎﺋﺢ‬wašā’iḥ2
ornamented belt worn by women (in older times, a double band worn
sashlike over the shoulder); sash, scarf, cummerbund; band (esp., of an
order); tie, bond (fig.); swordbelt; military sash
‫ وﺷﺎﺣﺔ‬wišāḥa sword
‫ ﺗﻮﺷـﻴﺢ‬taušīḥ pl. ‫ ﺗﻮاﺷـﻴﺢ‬tawāšīḥ composition (mus.); postclassical form of
Arab poetry, arranged in stanzas
‫ ﻣﻮﺷـﺢ‬muwaššah, ‫ ﻣﻮﺷـﺤﺔ‬muwaššaḥa pl. -āt postclassical form of Arab
poetry, arranged in stanzas
‫ ﻣﺘﺸﺢ‬muttašiḥ clad, garbed, attired (‫ ب‬in)
‫ وﺷﺮ‬wašara ‫ ﻳﺸﺮ‬yaširu (wašr) to saw, saw apart (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻮﺷﻮر‬maušūr pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺷﲑ‬mawāšīr2 prism
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻮﺷﻮري‬maušūrī prismatic(al)
‫ وﺷﻊ‬II to reel, spool (‫ ﻫـ‬cotton)
‫ وﺷﻴﻊ‬wašī‘ hedge
‫ وﺷــﻴﻌﺔ‬wašī‘a pl. ‫ وﺷــﺎﺋﻊ‬wašā’i‘2 reel, spool, bobbin | ‫وﺷــﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺤـﺮﻳﺾ‬
induction coil (el.)
‫ وﺷﻖ‬wašaq lynx (zool.)
‫ وﺷـﻚ‬wašuka ‫ ﻳﻮﺷـﻚ‬yaušuku (wašk, ‫ وﺷـﺎﻛﺔ‬wašāka) and II to be quick,
hurry IV to be on the point or verge (‫ ان‬of doing s.th.), be about to do s.th.
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫)أن‬, be close (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to) | ‫أن‬
‫ ﻳﻮﺷﻚ‬he almost ..., he all but ...
‫ وﺷـﻚ‬wašak, wušk speed, swiftness, hurry | ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺷـﻚ أن‬on the point or
verge of (doing s.th.), about to (do s.th.), ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﺷـﻚ اﳋـﺮوج‬about to go out,
just going out
‫ وﺷﻜﺎن‬waškān, wuškān speed, swiftness
1735
‫ وﺷـﻴﻚ‬wašīk imminent, impending, near, forthcoming | ‫ وﺷـﻴﻚ اﻟـﺰوال‬w. az-

zawāl doomed to early ruin; ‫اﳊـﻞ‬ ‫ وﺷـﻴﻚ‬w. al-ḥall close to a solution, almost
solved (problem)
‫ وﺷﻞ‬wašal pl. ‫ اوﺷﺎل‬aušāl dripping water, tears
‫ وﺷﻢ‬wašama ‫ ﻳﺸﻢ‬yašinu (wašm) and II to tattoo (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ وﺷﻢ‬wašm pl. ‫ وﺷﺎم‬wišām, ‫ وﺷﻮم‬wušūm tattoo, tattoo mark
‫ وﺷﻴﻤﺔ‬wašīma enmity, hostility, malice
‫ وﺷﻨﺔ‬wašna, wišna (eg.) morello, mahaleb cherry
‫ وﺷﻮش‬wašwaša to whisper in s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬ear II tawašwaša to whisper
‫ وﺷﻮﺷﺔ‬wašwaša whispering, whisper
‫ وﺷـﻰ‬wašā ‫ ﻳﺸـﻲ‬yašī (wašy) to embellish, ornament with many colors,
embroider (‫ ﻫـ‬a fabric); -- (wašy, ‫ وﺷـﺎﻳﺔ‬wišāya) to slander, defame (‫ب‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o.
with); to inform (‫ ب‬against), denounce, betray (‫ ب‬s.o.) II to embellish,
ornament with many colors, embroider (‫ ﻫـ‬a fabric)
Confidential
‫ ﺷﻴﺔ‬šiya pl. -āt blotch, spot; blemish, flaw, fault, defect; mark, sign
‫ وﺷﻲ‬wašy pl. ‫ وﺷﺎء‬wišā’ many-colored
ornamentation, embroidery; embroidered or painted fabrics
‫ وﺷﺎء‬waššā’ vendor of embroidered or painted fabrics
‫ وﺷﺎﻳﺔ‬wišāya defamation, slander
‫ ﺗﻮﺷﻴﺔ‬taušiya embellishment, ornamentation; embroidery
‫ واش‬wāšin pl. ‫ واﺷـﻮن‬wāšūn, ‫ وﺷـﺎة‬wušāh traitor; slanderer, calumniator;
informer, denunciator
‫ وﺿﺐ‬waṣaba ‫ ﻳﺼﺐ‬yaṣibu (‫ وﺻﻮب‬wuṣub) to last; -- waṣiba ‫ ﻳﻮﺻﺐ‬yauṣabu
(waṣab) and V to be (chronically) ill
‫ وﺻﺐ‬waṣab pl. ‫اوﺻﺎب‬ auṣāb illness; discomfort, hardship, suffering
‫ واﺻﺐ‬wāṣib lasting, permanent
‫ وﺻﺪ‬waṣada ‫ ﻳﺼـﺪ‬yaṣidu (waṣad) to be firm, stand firmly IV to close, shut
(‫ ﻫـ‬a door) | ‫وﺟﻬﻪ‬
‫( اوﺻﺪ اﻟﺒﺎب ﰲ‬wajhihī) to block s.o.’s way, deny s.o. access
‫ وﺻﻴﺪ‬waṣīd pl. ‫ وﺻﺪ‬wuṣud threshold, doorstep
1736
‫ وﺻﻒ‬waṣafa ‫ ﻳﺼـﻒ‬yaṣfu (waṣf) to describe, depict, portray, picture (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬

s.o., s.th.); to characterize (‫ه‬
,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to praise, laud, extol (‫ ه‬s.o.); to
attribute, ascribe (‫ ب ه‬to s.o., quality), credit (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with), praise (‫ب ه‬
s.o. for), say s.th. (‫ )ب‬to s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬credit; to prescribe (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ل‬a medicine to
s.o.) | ‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺻـﻒ‬ (yūṣafu) indescribable; nondescript VI to describe to one
another, tell one another (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫اﺗﺼـﻒ‬ ittaṣafa to be described; to
possess as a characteristic (‫ ب‬a quality or peculiarity); to be distinguished,
known, characterized, marked (‫ ب‬by a quality, property, peculiarity) X to
consult (‫ ه‬a doctor)
‫ ﺻـﻔﺔ‬ṣifa pl. -āt quality, property; attribute; characteristic, distinguishing
mark, peculiarity; adjective (gram.); asyndetio relative clause (without
relative pronoun; gram.); way, manner | ‫ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬as, in the capacity of; ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻪ وزﻳﺮا‬
in his capacity of minister, as a minister; ‫( ﺑﺼـﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬kāṣṣa) in particular,
especially, specifically; ‫رﲰﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻏﲑ‬gair rasmīyatin) unofficially
Confidential
‫ وﺻــﻒ‬waṣf description, depiction, portrayal, characterization; -- (pl.
‫اوﺻــﺎف‬ auṣāf) quality, property; characteristic, distinguishing mark,
peculiarity; adjective (gram.); pl. ‫ اوﺻـﺎف‬description of a person | ‫ﺷـﻲء ﻳﻔـﻮق‬
‫( اﻟﻮﺻـﻒ‬yafūqu l-waṣfa) a thing beyond description, an indescribable thing;
‫ اﺧﺬ اوﺻﺎﻓﻪ‬to take down s.o.’s personal description
‫ وﺻﻔﺔ‬waṣfa description, depiction, portrayal; medical prescription
‫ وﺻﻔﻲ‬waṣfī descriptive, depictive
‫ وﺻﺎف‬waṣṣāf describer, depicter
‫ وﺻﻴﻒ‬waṣīf pl. ‫ وﺻﻔﺎء‬wuṣafā’2 servant; page
‫ وﺻﻴﻔﺔ‬waṣīfa pl. ‫ وﺻﺎﺋﻒ‬waṣā’if2 maid, servant girl; maid of honor, lady in
waiting
‫ ﻣﻮاﺻــﻔﺔ‬muwāṣafa detailed description; explanation, interpretation;
specification; pl. -āt specifications | ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺔ‬directions for treatment
1737
‫ ﻣﻮﺻﻮف‬mauṣūf described, depicted, portrayed, pictured; characterized (‫ب‬

by), having II attribute (‫ ب‬s.th.); noun followed by attribute or asyndetic
relative clause (gram.); prescribed
‫ ﻣﺘﺼـﻒ‬muttaṣif characterized (‫ ب‬by), possessing II a property or an
attribute (‫ ب‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺻﻒ‬mustauṣaf pl. -āt clinic
‫ وﺻـﻞ‬waṣala ‫ ﻳﺼـﻞ‬yaṣilu (waṣl, ‫ ﺻـﻠﺔ‬ṣila) to connect, join, unite, combine,
link, interlock (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ب‬ s.th. with), attach (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ب‬s.th. to); to establish (‫ﺻـﻠﺔ‬
ṣilatan a contact, a connection; a relation ‫ ﺑـﲔ – و‬between -- and); to bring
into relation (‫و‬ – ‫ﺑـﲔ‬ s.th. with s.th. else); to give (‫ ب‬s.o. s.th.), bestow,
confer (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬upon s.o. s.th.), award (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.); -- (‫ وﺻـﻮل‬wuṣūl) to
arrive (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬at a place); to come to s.o.’s (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ )ه‬hands; to reach (‫ اﱃ‬or
‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to come, get (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to reach (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬an amount),
amount to (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to enter (‫ اﱃ‬a phase); to get (‫ب‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to or to the point
Confidential
where) | ‫ﺧﻄـﺎب‬
the news; ‫ﺣـﺪ ﻛـﺬا‬

‫ وﺻـﻠﲏ‬I have received a letter; ‫( وﺻـﻠﻪ اﳋـﱪ‬kabar)he received
‫( ﻳﺼﻞ ﻫـﺬا اﱃ‬ḥaddi k.) this gets to the point where ...; ‫وﺻـﻞ‬
‫( اﱃ اﻟﺼـﻔﺤﺔ اﳊﺎﺻـﻤﺔ‬ṣafḥa) to enter the decisive phase II to connect, join,
unite, combine (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th. with); to make (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.) get (‫ اﱃ‬to), see
that s.o. or s.th. (‫ ه‬,‫ )ﻫ ـ‬gets to (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to get, take, bring, move, lead, show,
conduct, convey, channel (‫ ه‬,‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th. to); to give (‫ ه‬s.o.) a ride, a lift;
to carry, transport, transfer, convey (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ,‫اﱃ‬ s.th. to); to deliver, transmit,
communicate (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ اﱃ‬s.th. to); to conduct, act as a conductor (el.); to
accompany, escort (‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. to); to connect (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to an electric circuit,
‫ ب ﻫـ‬one apparatus with another, an electric device with the main line), plug
in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to turn on, switch on (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; el.) III to continue (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.),
proceed (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬in or with); to persist, persevere (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬in); to be connected
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), bear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on), belong, pertain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to be close friends, maintain
close relations (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to have sexual intercourse (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a woman) |
1738
‫( واﺻـﻞ اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ ﻟﻨﻬـﺎر‬laila, nahāri) to work day and night; ‫واﺻـﻞ ﺟﻬـﺪﻩ )ﺳـﻌﻴﻪ( ﰲ‬
(jahdahū, sa‘yahū) to make untiring efforts for IV = II; O to put through (a
long-distance call) | ‫ﲝﻘـﻪ‬
‫( اوﺻﻞ ﻛﻞ ذي ﺣـﻖ‬kulla dī ḥaqqin bi-ḥaqqihī) to give
everyone his due V to obtain access (‫ اﱃ‬to); to gain access by certain means
(‫ اﱃ‬to), get (‫ اﱃ‬into) in come way or other; to attain (‫ اﱃ‬to), arrive (‫ اﱃ‬at),
reach (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.), come by s.th. (‫ )اﱃ‬VI to be interconnected; to form an
uninterrupted sequence VIII ‫ اﺗﺼـﻞ‬ittaṣala to be joined (‫ ب‬to), be connected
(‫ ب‬with); to combine, unite (‫ ب‬with); to get in touch (‫ ب‬with s.o., also, e.g.,
by telephone); to contact (‫ ب‬s.o.); to have relation (‫ ب‬to), bear (‫ ب‬on), be
connected, have to do (‫ ب‬with); to join (‫ ب‬s.o. or s.th.); to be attached (‫ب‬
to); to be near s.o. or a place (‫)ب‬, be adjacent, continuous (‫ ب‬to), adjoin (‫ب‬
s.th.), border, abut (‫ ب‬on), belong (‫ ب‬to); to come to s.o.’s (‫ )ب‬knowledge;

to be continued, continue, go on; to be continuous, form a continuous chain;
to be related (‫ اﱃ‬to); to trace one’s descent (‫ اﱃ‬to); to come, get (‫ اﱃ‬to),
Confidential
arrive (‫ اﱃ‬at), reach (‫ اﱃ‬s.th.) |
that ...; ‫اﺗﺼـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﻮﻧﻴـﺎ‬
connected with; ‫اﻟﻨﺎر‬
‫ ﻗـﺪ اﺗﺼـﻞ ﺑﻨـﺎ ان‬it has come to our knowledge
to get in touch with s.o. by telephone, have o.s.
‫ اﺗﺼﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ‬to catch fire

‫ ﺻـﻠﺔ‬ṣila pl. -āt junction, juncture; relation; connection; link, tie, bond;
relationship, kinship; present, gift, grant; syndetic relative clause (gram.); O
leadin, lead-in wire (radio) | ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬ ‫ ﺻﻠﺔ‬ṣ. al-waṣl connecting link
‫ وﺻـﻞ‬waṣl junction, juncture, connection; union, combination; linkage,
nexus; synopsis, summary; reunion of lovers; (pl. ‫ اوﺻﺎل‬auṣāl) relation, link,
tie, connection; contact (el.); (pl. ‫ وﺻـﻮﻻت‬wuṣūlāt) voucher, receipt | ‫وﺻـﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺋـﺖ‬ synopsis of the previous chapters of a newspaper serial; ‫ﻟﻴﻠـﺔ اﻟﻮﺻـﻞ‬
lailat al-w. last night of a lunar month
‫ وﺻــﻞ‬wuṣl, wiṣl pl. ‫ اوﺻــﺎل‬auṣāl limb, member (of the body); pl.
articulations, joints | ‫( ﺣـﻞ اوﺻـﺎﻟﻪ‬ḥalla) or ‫ ﻗﻄـﻊ اوﺻـﺎﻟﻪ‬to dismember, dissect
s.th.
‫ وﺻﻠﺔ‬waṣla a character (◌ٓ ) over silent alif (gram.)
1739
‫ وﺻﻠﺔ‬wuṣla pl. -āt, ‫ وﺻﻞ‬wuṣal junction, juncture; connection; contact (el.);

attachment, fastening, fixture; tie, link; joint (also arch.); hinge; connecting
piece, coupling; inset, insertion; overlap (arch.); line of communication;
hyphen | ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ ‫ وﺻﻠﺔ‬w. at-tamaddud expansion joint (arch.)
‫ وﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬waṣlīya connecting road, side road; feeder road
‫ وﺻـﻮل‬wuṣūl arrival; attainment, obtainment, achievement; receipt; (pl. -
āt) receipt, voucher
‫ وﺻﻮﱄ‬wuṣūlī upstart, parvenu
‫ وﺻﻴﻞ‬waṣīl inseparable friend, intimate, chum
‫ اﳌﻮﺻﻞ‬al-mauṣil Mosul (city in N Iraq)
‫ ﺗﻮﺻــﻴﻞ‬tauṣīl uniting, joining, connecting; supply, feed; connection,
junction; electric contact, feed wire, feeder; electric circuit, connection
layout, connection; conductivity (el.); communication, transmission,
transfer, conveyance;
delivery; execution, dispatch, discharge; (pl. ‫ﺗﻮاﺻــﻴﻞ‬ tawāṣīl) receipt,
voucher | O ‫ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻞ اﱃ اﻷرض‬ (arḍ) ground connection, ground (radio); O
Confidential
‫( ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘﻀـﺎﻋﻒ‬taḍā‘uf) multiple connection, series parallel (el.); O
‫( ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘـﻮازي‬tawāzī) parallel connection (el.); O ‫ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘـﻮاﱄ‬series
connection (el.); ‫ ﺟﻴــﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺻــﻴﻞ‬jayyid at-t. or good conductivity, good
conductor (el.); O ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ ﺳﺪاد‬saddād at-t. (male) plug (el.)

‫ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻠﺔ‬tausīla connection, contact (el.) | ‫ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻠﺔ اﻷرض‬t. al-arḍ ground
connection (radio)
‫ وﺻﺎل‬wiṣāl reunion, being together (of lovers); communion (in love)
‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻠﺔ‬muwāṣala connection; continuation, continuance; continuity; pl. -āt
lines of communication, communications | ‫ﻣﻮاﺻــﻠﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻳــﺔ‬ (ḥadīdīya) rail
communication; ‫ﻣﻮاﺻـﻠﺔ ﺳـﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ (silkīya) wire communication; ‫اﺳـﺒﺎب اﳌﻮاﺻـﻠﺔ‬
means of communication, communications; ‫اﳌﻮاﺻـﻼت‬ ‫ ﻃﺮق‬ṭuruq al-m. traffic
routes; ‫اﳌﻮاﺻﻼت‬ ‫ وزارة‬ministry of communications
‫ اﻳﺼﺎل‬īṣāl pl. -āt joining, connecting, junction; uniting, union; connection;
communication; conveyance; transport, transportation; passage;
transmission; putting through (of a long-distance call); receipt, voucher
‫ ﺗﻮﺻـﻞ‬tawaṣṣul attainment (‫ اﱃ‬of an objective), achievement (‫ اﱃ‬of a
purpose); arrival; reunion
1740
‫ ﺗﻮاﺻﻞ‬tawāṣul continuance; continuity | ‫ ﺑﺘﻮاﺻﻞ‬continually, persistently

‫ اﺗﺼﺎل‬ittiṣāl connectedness, unitedness, union; juncture, conjunction, link;
connection; contact; liaison; establishment of contacts; tuning in (of a
radio); contacting (‫ ب‬of), getting in touch (‫ ب‬with); junction, intersection
(of two roads); continuance, continuation; continuity | ‫ب‬‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﺗﺼـﺎل‬in touch
with; ‫( اﺳـﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ اﺗﺼـﺎﻟﻪ ب‬istamarra) to keep in touch with s.o.; ‫ﻧﻘﻄـﺔ اﻻﺗﺼـﺎل‬
nuqṭat al-itt. points of contact; ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻮﱐ‬
‫ اﺗﺼﺎل‬telephone connection
‫ ﻣﻮﺻـﻮل‬mauṣūl bound, tied; glued, riveted (‫ ب‬to), fixed (‫ ب‬on; of the
eyes); relative pronoun (gram.) | ‫( ا ﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ‬ayyāman) for several (or many)
consecutive days, for some time
‫ ﻣﻮﺻـﻞ‬muwaṣṣil pl. -āt conductor (el.) | O ‫( ﻣﻮﺻـﻞ ارﺿـﻲ‬arḍī) ground wire
(radio); O ‫ﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﻮﺻﻞ‬silkī) wire, wiring (el.)
‫ ﻣﺘﻮاﺻـﻞ‬mutawāṣil persistent, continued, continuous, continual, unceasing,
incessant, uninterrupted
‫ ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ‬muttaṣil persistent, continued, continuous, continual, unceasing,
Confidential
incessant, uninterrupted; adjoining, adjacent, contiguous |
pronominal suffix (gram.);
closely connected
‫ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ اﳊﻠﻘـﺎت‬
‫ﺿــﻤﲑ ﻣﺘﺼــﻞ‬
m. al-ḥalaqāt closely interlinked,
‫ وﺻﻢ‬waṣama to disgrace, tarnish, blemish (‫ ﻫ ـ‬name, honor); to afflict with

the blemish (‫ ب‬of s.th.; ‫ ه‬s.o.), put the blame for s.th. (‫ )ب‬on s.o. (‫ )ه‬V to
be tarnished, sullied (honor)
‫ وﺻﻢ‬waṣm disgrace
‫ وﺻـﻤﺔ‬waṣma disgrace; mark of disgrace, stain, blot, blemish; fault, flaw,
shortcoming, defeat; ailing condition, malaise
‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻢ‬tauṣīm sailing condition, malaise
‫ وﺻﻮص‬waṣwaṣa to peep through a hole or crack; (also = ‫ )وﺳﻮس‬to whisper
‫ وﺻﻮص‬waṣwaṣ and ‫ وﺻﻮاص‬waṣwāṣ pl. ‫ وﺻﺎوص‬waṣāwiṣ peephole
‫ وﺻﻮﺻﺔ‬waṣwaṣa furtive glance, peep, peek
‫ وﺻـﻮ‬II and IV to entrust, commend, commit (‫ ب ه‬to s.o.’s charge or care
s.o.); to direct, bid, advice, counsel (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. to do s.th.), recommend (‫ب ه‬
to s.o. s.th.), impress (‫ ب ه‬on s.o. s.th.); to order (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ب‬to do s.th.),
1741
charge, commission (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with), enjoin (‫ ب ه‬on s.o. s.th.), make s.th.
(‫ )ب‬incumbent (‫ ه‬on s.o.); to order (‫ ب ه‬from s.o. s.th.), give s.o. (‫ )ه‬an
order for (‫)ب‬, place an order (‫ ب ه‬with s.o. for); to decree (‫ ب‬s.th.); to
make one’s will; to will, determine or decree by will (‫ ان‬that); to bequeath,
make over, transfer by will (‫ل‬ ‫ ب‬to s.o. s.th.); to appoint as executor (‫اﱃ‬
s.o.) | ‫( اوﺻـﺎﻩ ﺧـﲑا ب‬kairan) he urged him to take care of X ‫اﺳﺘﻮﺻـﻰ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﲑا‬
(kairan) to make s.th. one’s concern (or one’s business), make a point of
s.th. (in deference to another’s recommendation); to mean well, have the
best intentions with; ‫ﺧـﲑا‬ ‫( اﺳﺘﻮﺻـﻰ ﻷﺟـﺮ‬bi-l-ajri kairan) to fix a moderate or
low price
‫ وﺻــﻲ‬wasīy pl. ‫ اوﺻـﻴﺎء‬auṣiyā’ plenipotentiary, mandatory, authorized
agent, commissioner; executor; legal guardian, curator, tutor; administrator,
caretaker, trustee; regent; testator; client, principal, mandator | ‫وﺻـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‘( اﻟﻌﺮش‬arš) regent, prince regent
‫ وﺻـﻴﺔ‬waṣīya pl. ‫ وﺻـﺎ‬waṣāyā direction, directive, instruction, injunction,
Confidential
order, command, commandment; recommendation advice, counsel,
admonition, exhortation; will, testament, testamentary disposition; bequest,
legacy | ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮ‬ ‫‘( اﻟﻮﺻﺎ‬ašr) the Ten Commandments
‫ وﺻـﺎة‬waṣāh and ‫ وﺻـﺎﻳﺔ‬prescription; order, ordinance, regulation, decree;
instruction, direction, advice, counsel
‫ وﺻﺎﻳﺔ‬wiṣāya guardianship, curatorship, tutorship; executorships; tutelage;
mandate (pol.); trusteeship | ‫اﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﳎﻠﺲ‬majlis al-w. regency council
‫ ﺗﻮﺻــﻴﺔ‬tauṣiya pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗ ـﻮاص‬tawāṣin recommendation; admonition,
exhortation, advice, counsel; proposal, suggestion; order, instruction,
direction, commission, mandate; (commercial) order, commission | ‫ﻟﺘﻮﺻـﻴﺔ‬
to order, on commission; ‫ ﺧﻄـﺎب ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﺔ‬letter of recommendation; ‫ﺷـﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﺔ‬
širkat t. limited partnership
‫ اﻳﺼﺎء‬īṣā’ = ‫ ;ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺔ‬appointment of an executor (Isl. Law)
‫ ﻣـﻮص‬muwaṣṣin and mūṣin client, principal; mandator, testator | ‫ﺷـﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ ﻣﻮص‬silent partner
1742
‫ ﻣﻮﺻـﻰ ﺑـﻪ‬mūṣan bihī that which has been disposed of; bequeathed, willed;
bequest, legacy; decreed, ordered; recommended; ‫ ﻣﻮﺻــﻰ ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ‬registered
(letter); ‫ اﳌﻮﺻﻰ ﻟﻪ‬legatee; heir; ‫ اﳌﻮﺻﻰ اﻟﻴﻪ‬executor
‫ وﺿـﺆ‬waḍu’a ‫ ﻳﻮﺿـﺆ‬yauḍu’u (‫ وﺿـﻮء‬wuḍū’, ‫ وﺿـﺎءة‬waḍā’a) to be pure, clean
V to perform the ritual ablution before prayer
‫ وﺿﺎء‬brilliant, radiant, bright
‫ وﺿﺎءة‬wuḍā’a purity, cleanness, cleanliness
‫ وﺿﻮء‬wuḍū’ purity, cleanness, cleanliness; ritual ablution before prayer
‫ وﺿﻮء‬waḍū’ water for the ritual ablution
‫ وﺿﻲء‬waḍī’ pl. ‫ وﺿﺎء‬wiḍā’ pure, clean
‫ ﺗﻮﺿﺆ‬tawaḍḍu’ ritual ablution
‫ ﻣﻴﻀﺄة‬mīḍa’a and ‫ ﻣﻴﻀﺎءة‬mīḍā’a fountain or basin for the ritual ablution
‫ ﺗﻮﺿــﻴﺐ‬taḍīb arrangement; preparation; dressing, processing (mining
industry)
‫ وﺿـﺢ‬waḍaḥa ‫ ﻳﻀـﺢ‬yaḍiḥu (‫ وﺿـﻮح‬wuḍūḥ) to be or become clear, plain,
Confidential
patent, manifest, evident; to appear, show, come out, come to light, become
visible II and IV to make clear, make plain (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to explain, explicate,
clear up, clarify, expound, elucidate, illustrate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set forth,
propound (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to make visible, make manifest, show (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
indicate, designate, denote, express (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V = I; to be made clear, be
clarified, be cleared up; to be shown, be indicated; to be obvious VIII ‫اﺗﻀـﺢ‬

ittaḍaḥa = I and V; to follow clearly (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from), be explained (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬by) X to
ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) for an explanation, for clarification (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to examine,
investigate, explore
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬or
‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.), inquire, search (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬into); to try to see clear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in),
seek to understand clearly (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ وﺿـﺢ‬waḍaḥ pl. ‫ اوﺿـﺎح‬auḍāḥ light, brilliance, luminosity, brightness | ‫ﰲ‬
‫( وﺿﺢ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬w. in-nahār) in broad daylight
‫ وﺿﺎح‬waḍḍāḥ) bright, clear, brilliant, shining, luminous
1743
‫ وﺿــﻮح‬wuḍūḥ clarity, clearness, plainness, distinctness; visibleness;

obviousness; appearance | ‫ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح‬clearly, plainly, distinctly
‫ اوﺿﺢ‬auḍaḥ2 clearer
‫ ﺗﻮﺿـ ــﻴﺢ‬tauḍīḥ elucidation; showing, visualization; explanation;
clarification; explication, illustration
‫ اﻳﻀــﺎح‬īḍāḥ pl. -āt elucidation; showing, visualization; explanation;
clarification; explication, illustration
‫ اﻳﻀﺎﺣﻲ‬īḍāḥī clarifying, explanatory, explicatory, illustrative, elucidative
‫ اﺗﻀــﺎح‬ittiḍāḥ clarity, clearness; plainness, distinctness; visibleness,
manifestness
‫ اﺳﺘﻴﻀـﺎح‬istīḍāḥ pl. -āt request for clarification, inquiry, formal question,
interpellation
‫ واﺿﺢ‬wāḍiḥ clear, lucid; plain, distinct; obvious, patent, manifest; visible,
conspicuous; evident, apparent, ostensible | ‫وﺿــﺢ ﺑﺬاﺗــﻪ‬ (bi-dātihī) self-
evident; self-explanatory; ‫ان‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ‬it is obvious that ...; ‫اﻷﻣﺮ واﺿـﺢ وﺿـﻮح‬
‫اﻟﺸـﻤﺲ ﰲ راﺑﻌـﻪ‬ (wuḍūḥa š-šamsi fī rābi‘ati n-nahār) the matter is clear as
Confidential
daylight
‫ ﻣﺘﻀﺢ‬muttaḍiḥ plain, distinct; clear; obvious, patent, manifest
‫ وﺿﺮ‬waḍar pl. ‫ اوﺿﺎر‬auḍār dirt, filth
‫ وﺿﻊ‬waḍa‘a ‫ ﻳﻀﻊ‬yaḍa‘u (waḍ‘) to lay, lay off, lay on, lay down, put down
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to place (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to set up, erect (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
fix, attach, affix (‫ﻫ ـ‬‫ ﰲ‬s.th. to. on, in); to lay, put (‫ ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into); to impose
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬s.th. on s.o.); to take (‫ ﻋﻦ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. from s.o.), rid of a burden, unburden
(‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o.), unsaddle (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬a horse); to bear (‫ ه‬a child), give birth to (‫ ;)ه‬to
invent, contrive, devise, originate, produce (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to found, establish, set
up, start (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to write down, put down in writing, set down, lay down (‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.); to write, compile, compose (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a book or similar work of the mind),
create (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to coin (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a new word, a new term, or the like); to humble,
humiliate, disparage (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ه‬ s.o.), derogate, detract (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or ‫ه‬ from); --
(waḍ‘, ‫ وﺿـﻮع‬wuḍū‘, ‫ ﺿـﻌﺔ‬ḍa‘a, di‘a) with ‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsahu: to abase o.s. humble
o.s.; -- waḍu‘a ‫ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬yauḍu‘u (‫ وﺿﺎﻋﺔ‬waḍā‘a) to be low, lowly, humble | ‫وﺿﻊ‬
1744
‫( اﺳﺎﺳـﺎ‬asāsan) to lay a foundation, lay a cornerstone; ‫( وﺿـﻊ ﺛﻘﺘـﻪ ﰲ‬tiqatahu)

to place one’s confidence in; ‫( )وﺿـﻊ ﺟﺎﻧﺒـﺎ )ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‬jāniban) to lay, or put,
s.th. aside; ‫( وﺿـﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺒـﻪ‬jaibihī) to put s.th. in one’s pocket; ‫وﺿـﻊ ﺣـﺪا ل‬
(ḥaddan) to put an end to s.th.; ‫( وﺿـﻊ ﺧﺘﻤـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬katman) to please a seal on;
‫وﺿـﻊ اﻟﺴـﻼح‬ to lay down arms; ‫ وﺿـﻊ اﻟﺴﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻘـﻪ‬wuḍi‘at is-silsilatu fī
‘unuqihī approx.: to have a millstone about one’s neck, he seriously
handicapped; ‫ وﺿـﻊ ﻣﺸـﺮوﻋﺎ‬to make or form a plan; ‫( وﺿـﻊ ﻣـﻦ ﻗـﺪرﻩ‬qadrihī) to
depreciate s.th., lower the value of s.th.; ‫ وﺿـﻊ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮا‬to write or make a report;
‫ وﺿـﻊ اﻗﱰاﺣـﺎت‬to draw up proposals, make suggestions; ‫وﺿـﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣـﺔ اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣـﻪ‬
(muqaddamati htimāmihī) to devote particular attention to s.th., make s.th.
one’s foremost concern, give priority to s.th.; ‫( وﺿـﻊ ﻟﻔﻈـﺎ ل‬lafẓan) to coin a
word for; ‫وﺿـﻊ ﻟﻠﻔـﻆ ﻣﻌـﲎ ﺧﺎﺻـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬ (li-l-lafẓi ma‘nan kāṣṣan bihī) to give a
special meaning to an expression, place a particular construction on an
expression; ‫( وﺿﻌﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‬nuṣba ‘ainaihi) to point out, demonstrate s.th. to
‫وﺿـﻊ ﻧﻈﺎرﺗـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﻴـﻪ‬ ‫وﺿـﻊ ﻧﻈﻤـﺎ‬
Confidential
s.o.; (naẓẓāratahū) to put on one’s glasses;
(nuẓuman) to lay down rules, ‫ﺣـﺪة‬ ‫( وﺿﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ḥidatin) to set s.th. apart, single
out s.th.; ‫( وﺿـﻊ ﻣﻮﺿـﻌﻪ‬mauḍi‘ahū) to put s.th. in the place of s.th. else; ‫وﺿـﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬ (mauḍi‘ahū) to put s.th. into force, make s.th. effective or
operative; to implement s.th.; ‫( وﺿـﻊ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ اﻟﺸـﻚ‬mauḍi‘a š-šakk) to doubt

s.th., question s.th.; ‫( وﺿـﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬mauḍi‘a l-‘amal) to put s.th. into
action, translate s.th. into deeds; ‫( وﺿـﻊ اﻟﻔﻜـﺮة ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ اﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬fikrata mauḍi‘a l-
fi‘l) to translate the idea into action; ‫ وﺿـﻊ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ ﻓـﻼن‬to put o.s. in s.o.’s
position; ‫ وﺿﻊ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‬to mislay, misplace s.th.; ‫( وﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬yadahū) to
take possession of, lay hold of; ‫ وﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻒ اﺳﲑ‬to take 1,000 prisoners;
‫ وﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻤﲑﻩ‬to lay one’s hand over one’s heart; ‫( وﺿـﻊ ﻣـﻦ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬yadihī) to
lay s.th. aside, toss s.th. aside; ‫ وﺿﻌﻪ ﲢﺖ ﻳﺪﻩ‬to put s.th. in s.o.’s power IV to
hurry; to take an active part, participate actively (‫ ﰲ‬in); pass. ūḍi‘a to suffer
losses (‫ ﰲ‬in) VI to behave humbly and modestly, to abase o.s., humble o.s.;
1745
to agree, come to an agreement (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) VIII ‫ اﺗﻀـﻊ‬ittaḍa‘a to humble o.s.,

abase o.s.
‫ ﺿـﻌﺔ‬ḍa‘a, ḍi‘a lowness, lowliness, humbleness; scantiness, poorness,
inferiority
‫ وﺿـﻊ‬waḍ‘ pl. ‫ اوﺿـﺎع‬auḍā‘ laying down; putting down; laying on; fixing,
attaching; setting up; placing; writing down, record(ing)j drawing up,
execution (of a document, deed, etc.); composition (of a printed work);
writing, compilation (of a book); creation; invention; coining (of a word);
coinage; conclusion (of a treaty); parturition, delivery, childbirth; regulation,
rule; sketch, draft; attitude, bearing, carriage; posture, pose (of the body,
e.g., in dancing, before a camera); position, location; situation; statement
(math.); foundation, establishment; -- humiliation; -- pl. ‫اوﺿ ــﺎع‬
circumstances, conditions; statutes; rules, principles; manner; mores,
practices, usages, customs; conventions, conventional rules | ‫وﺿــﻌﺎ وﻗــﻮﻻ‬
wad‘an wa-qaulan in words and deeds; ‫ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﳊﺎﱄ‬the present situation; ‫وﺿﻊ‬
‫ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬w. al-yad laying on of the hand; occupation, occupancy, seizure; ‫آﻻم‬
‫ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬labor pains
Confidential
‫ وﺿﻌﺔ‬waḍ‘a, wiḍ‘a situation; position
‫ وﺿــﻌﻲ‬waḍ‘ī relating to situation or position, situational, positional;
positive; positivistic; positivist (philos.); man-made; based on convention,
conventional | ‫ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮن وﺿـﻌﻲ‬positive law (jur.); ‫( اﻟﻘـﻴﻢ اﻟﻮﺿـﻌﻴﺔ‬qiyam) decimals
(math.)
‫ وﺿﻌﻴﺔ‬waḍī‘ya situation; positivism (philos.)
‫ وﺿﺎﻋﺔ‬waḍā‘a lowness, lowliness, humbleness
‫ وﺿـﻴﻊ‬waḍī‘ pl. ‫ وﺿـﻌﺎء‬wuḍa‘ā’2 lowly, humble, base, vulgar, common;
plebeian; low; inferior | ‫( اﻟﻄﺒﻘـﺔ اﻟﻮﺿـﻌﻴﺔ‬ṭabaqa) the lowest class; ‫اﻟﻮﺿـﻴﻊ اﻟﺮﻓﻴـﻊ‬
low and high, the lowly and the great
‫ وﺿـﻴﻌﺔ‬waḍī‘a pl. ‫ وﺿـﺎﺋﻊ‬waḍā’i‘2 s.th. put down, laid down or deposited;
s.th. entrusted to s.o.’s custody, trust, charge, deposit; (īsl. Law) resale with
a loss; price reduction, rebate
‫ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ‬mauḍi‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﺿـﻊ‬mawāḍi‘2 place, spot, site, locality; passage (in a
book); object (of s.th.); position, situation, location; rank; occasion | ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺿـﻌﻪ‬in the right place, at the right time, timely, convenient, opportune; ‫ﰲ‬
‫ ﻏـﲑ ﻣﻮﺿـﻌﻪ‬in the wrong place, out of place; ‫ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ اﳊـﺎل‬in the present case;
1746
‫( ﻛــﺎن ﻣﻮﺿــﻊ ﺣﻔــﺎوة‬mauḍi‘a ḥafāwatin) he was the object of a (festive)

reception; ‫ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ اﻻﻋﺠـﺎب‬m. al-i‘jāb object of admiration; ‫ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ اﳊﻨـﺎن‬m. al-
ḥanān object of sympathy; see also waḍa‘a I; ‫ ﻣﻮﺿـﻊ ﻗـﺪم‬m. qadamin a foot
(of ground)
‫ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ‬mauḍi‘ī local
‫ ﺗﻮاﺿﻊ‬tawāḍu‘ humility, modesty; lowness, lowliness, humbleness
‫ اﺗﻀﺎع‬ittiḍā‘ humility, modesty; lowness, lowliness, humbleness
‫ واﺿــﻊ‬wāḍi‘ writer, author; creator; inventor; originator; in childbed;
unveiled (woman) | ‫واﺿـﻊ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬ al-yad occupier, occupant; holder of actual
possession, possessor (jur.)
‫ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮع‬mauḍū‘ pl. -āt, ‫ ﻣﻮاﺿـﻴﻊ‬mawāḍī‘2 object; theme, subject, topic;
question, problem, issue; subject matter, matter; treatise, essay, article,
paper; axiom; postulate (math.) | ‫ﻓﻬــﺮس اﳌﻮﺿــﻮﻋﺎت‬ fihris al-m. table of
contents, index; ‫ادرك اﳌﻮﺿـﻮع‬ adraka l-mauḍū‘a he got the point; ‫ﻏـﲑ ذي‬
‫ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬not topical, not timely
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻋﻲ‬mauḍū‘ī objective; concerning the subject matter, the subject
itself (not the form)
‫ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬mauḍū‘īya objectivism (philos.)
‫ ﻣﻮاﺿﻌﺎت‬muwāḍa‘āt analogous (word) coinings
‫ ﻣﺘﻮاﺿـﻊ‬mutawāḍi‘ humble; modest, unpretentious, unassuming, simple;
small, little, insignificant
‫ وﺿﻢ‬waḍam pl. ‫ اوﺿﺎم‬auḍām meat counter, meat block, butcher’s block
‫ وﻃـﺊ‬waṭI’a ‫ ﻳﻄـﺄ‬yaṭa’u (‫ وطء‬waṭ’) to tread underfoot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), tread, step,
walk (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to set foot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to walk (‫ ﻫ ـ‬over); to mount (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a horse); to
trample down, trample underfoot (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to have sexual intercourse (to
with a woman) II to pave, level, make smooth or even (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp., the
way); to make smooth and soft, prepare, fix up, make comfortable (‫ ﻫـ‬a seat,
the bed, or the like, ‫ ل‬for s.o.); to make ready, prepare (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to reduce,
slash (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to force down, press down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to lower (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫وﻃـﺄ‬
‫( ﺻـﻮﺗﻪ‬ṣautahū) to lower the voice III to agree, be in agreement (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬with

s.o. on) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) step or tread (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) trample
1747
down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VI to agree, be in agreement, cooperate, work hand in hand,

act in concert, play into each other’s hands, act in collusion (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in s.th., in
order to carry out s.th.)
‫ وطء‬waṭ’ and ‫ وﻃﺎء‬waṭā’ low ground, depression
‫ وﻃـﺄة‬waṭ’a pressure; oppression, coercion, compulsion, force; gravity;
violence, vehemence | ‫اﻟﻮﻃـﺄة‬ ‫ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ‬cruel (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), having a deadly effect (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
on), of fatal consequences (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬for); ‫( اﺷــﺘﺪت وﻃــﺄة اﻟﺸــﻲء‬ištaddat) to
aggravate, become grave, trying, grueling (distress); ‫ ﻻﺷـﺘﺪاد وﻃـﺄة اﳌـﺮض‬li-št.
w. il-maraḍ) because of the violence with which the disease struck
‫ وﻃﺊ‬waṭI’ low; flat, level
‫ اوﻃﺄ‬auṭa’2 lower
‫ ﻣﻮﻃﺄ‬mauṭa’ and ‫ ﻣﻮﻃﺊ‬mauṭi’ pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻃﺊ‬mawāṭi’2 place where the fact is set
down, footing, foothold; footprint, footstep, track; footstool | ‫اﻷﻗـﺪام‬ ‫ ﻣـﻮﻃﺊ‬m.
al-aqdām a foot (of ground); ‫اﻷﻗﺪام‬ ‫ ﻣﻮاﻃﺊ‬the ground
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻮﻃﺌـﺔ‬tauṭi’a introduction, initiation; preparation; reduction, lowering |
‫ﻟﺘﻮﻃﺌـﺔ‬ in preparation of ..., for the purpose of ...; ‫ﺗﻮﻃﺌـﺔ اﻟﺼـﻮت‬ t. aṣ-ṣaut
lowering of the voice
‫ ﻣﻮاﻃﺄة‬muwāṭa’a agreement; secret understanding, connivance, collusion
‫ ﺗﻮاﻃﺆ‬tawūṭu’ agreement; secret understanding, connivance, collusion
‫ واﻃــﺊ‬wāṭi’ low; muffled, subdued, soft (voice) | ‫ اﻷراﺿــﻲ اﻟﻮﻃﺌــﺔ‬the
Netherlands
‫ وﻃـﺐ‬waṭb pl. ‫ وﻃـﺎب‬wiṭāb, ‫ اوﻃـﺎب‬auṭāb, ‫ اواﻃـﺐ‬awāṭib2 milkskin | ‫ﳑﻠـﻮء‬
‫ اﻟﻮﻃﺎب ب‬amply provided with; ‫ ﺧﺎﱄ اﻟﻮﻃﺎب‬empty-handed
‫ وﻃـﺪ‬waṭada ‫ ﻳﻄـﺪ‬yaṭidu (waṭd) and II to make firm, strong or stable,
strengthen, brace, reinforce, cement, consolidate, stabilize (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to stamp

down, ram, tamp (‫ ﻫـ‬earth, etc.); to pave (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ل‬the way for s.o.), prepare (‫ل ﻫ ـ‬
the ground for) | ‫( وﻃـﺪ ﺛﻘﺘـﻪ ﰲ‬tiqatahū) to rely firmly on, put one’s faith in;
‫‘( وﻃـﺪ اﻟﻌـﺰم ان‬azma) to resolve firmly to ..., come to the firm decision to ...;
‫‘( وﻃـﺪ ﻋـﺮى اﶈﺒـﺔ‬urā l-maḥabba) to strengthen the bands of friendship; ‫وﻃـﺪ‬
‫( اﻗﺪاﻣﻪ ﰲ‬aqdāmahū) to gain a footing in
1748
‫ وﻃﻴـﺪ‬waṭīd firm; strong; solid, sturdy; unshakable | ‫( وﻃﻴـﺪ اﻷﻣـﻞ ب‬w. al-
amal) having strong hopes of, confident of
‫ اوﻃﺎد‬auṭād mountains
‫ ﻣﻴﻄﺪة‬mīṭada rammer, tamper
‫ ﺗﻮﻃﻴ ــﺪ‬tauṭīd strengthening, bracing, reinforcement, cementation;
consolidation, stabilization | ‫ﺗﻮﻃﻴــﺪ اﻟﺴــﻠﻢ‬ t. as-silm safeguarding, or
maintenance, of peace; ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻧﻚ‬‫ ﺗﻮﻃﻴﺪ ﺳﻌﺮ‬t. si‘r al-f. stabilization of the franc
‫ ﻣﻮﻃﺪ‬muwaṭṭad firm, strong; solid, sturdy | ‫ ﻣﻮﻃـﺪ اﻷرﻛـﺎن‬firmly established,
resting on firm foundations
‫ وﻃﺮ‬waṭar pl. ‫ اوﻃﺎر‬auṭār wish, desire; aim, end, object, purposed
‫ وﻃﻴﺲ‬waṭīs furnace | ‫( ﲪﻲ اﻟﻮﻃﻴﺲ‬ḥamiya) there was fierce fighting; ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﻮﻃﻴﺲ‬fierce, grim, bitter (fighting)
‫ وﻃﺶ‬waṭaša ‫ ﻳﻄﺶ‬yaṭišu (waṭš) to strike, hit, slap (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ وﻃﻒ‬waṭifa ‫ ﻳﻮﻃﻒ‬yauṭafu (waṭaf) to have bushy eyebrows
Confidential
‫ اوﻃـﻒ‬auṭaf2, f. ‫ وﻃﻔـﺎء‬waṭfā’2 bushy-browed; ‫ وﻃﻔـﺎء‬rain-heavy and low-
hanging (cloud)
‫ وﻃـﻦ‬waṭana ‫ ﻳﻄـﻦ‬yaṭinu (waṭn) to dwell, live, reside, stay (‫ ب‬in a place) II
to choose for residence (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a place), settle down, get settled, take up one’s
residence (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in a place) | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫( وﻃـﻦ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsahū) to get used to, adjust o.s.
to, reconcile o.s. to, put up with; to prepare o.s. mentally for; to make up
one’s mind to (do s.th.) V to settle down (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ ب‬in a place) | ‫ﺗﻮﻃﻨـﺖ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ‬nfsuhū) = ‫( وﻃـﻦ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬see above) X to choose for residence (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
place); to settle (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a country); to settle down, get settled, take up one’s
residence (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in); to live permanently (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in a place); to take root, become
naturalized, acclimated (‫ ﻫـ‬in)
‫ وﻃـﻦ‬waṭan pl. ‫ اوﻃـﺎن‬auṭān homeland, home country, fatherland; home |
‫( اﻟﻮﻃﻦ اﻟﻘﺒﻠـﻲ‬qiblī) Cape Bon (tun.); ‫( اﻟـﻮﻃﻦ اﻟﻘـﻮﻣﻲ اﻻﺳـﺮاﺋﻴﻠﻲ‬qaumī, isrā’īlī) the
Jewish National Home; ‫ اﻫـﻞ وﻃﻨـﻪ‬ahl w. his countrymen, his compatriots;
‫ ﺣﺐ اﻟﻮﻃﻦ‬ḥubb al-w. patriotism; O ‫ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ اﻟﻮﻃﻦ‬cosmopolitan
1749
‫ وﻃــﲏ‬waṭanī home; native; indigenous, domestic; patriotic; national;

nationalistic; (pl. -ūn) nationalist, patriot | ‫وﻃﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺼـﻨﻮﻋﺎت‬domestic products,
products of the country
‫ وﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬waṭanīya nationalism; national sentiment, patriotism
‫ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ‬mauṭin pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻃﻦ‬mawāṭin2 residence, domicile; habitat; native place,
home town, home; native country, home country. fatherland; place, locality,
area, region, section, district, zone; point, spot; right place; right time | ‫ﻣﻮﻃﻦ‬
‫ اﻟﻀﻌﻒ‬m. aḍ-ḍu‘f soft or sore spot; weak spot, weakness; ‫وﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ‬
‫( اﻟﻌﻠـﺔ‬yadahū, m. il-‘illa) to lay one’s finger on an open sore, touch a sore
spot; ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻴﻊ‬ ‫ اﳌﻮﻃﻦ‬the lowest point, the low mark, the bottom
‫ اﺳ ــﺘﻴﻄﺎن‬istīṭān immigration; settling down; settling, settlement,
colonization; “istitan”, a special impost in Tunisia
‫ ﻣ ـﻮاﻃﻦ‬muwāṭin countryman, compatriot, fellow citizen | ‫ﻣـﻮاﻃﻦ ﻋــﺎﳌﻲ‬
(‘ālamī) world citizen
‫ ﻣﺘـﻮﻃﻦ‬mutawaṭṭin native, indigenous, domestic; resident; deep-rooted;
Confidential
endemic (med.)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻃﻦ‬mustauṭin native, indigenous, domestic; resident; deep-rooted
‫ وﻃﻮاط‬waṭwāṭ pl. ‫ وﻃﺎوط‬waṭāwiṭ2, ‫ وﻃﺎوﻳﻂ‬waṭāwīṭ2 bat (zool.)
‫ وﻃﻰ‬II for ‫ وﻃﺄ‬II
‫ واط‬wāṭin low; soft; see alphabetically
‫ وﻇـﺐ‬waẓba ‫ ﻳﻈـﺐ‬yaẓibu (‫ وﻇـﻮب‬wuẓūb) to do persistently, regularly, keep
doing, practice constantly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), continue to do s.th. III do.; to
persevere, persist (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in), take pains (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬with), devote o.s. assiduously,

apply o.s. with perseverance or steadily (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻮاﻇﺒﺔ‬muwāẓaba diligence, assiduity, perseverance, persistence
‫ ﻣﻮاﻇﺐ‬muwāẓib diligent, assiduous, persevering, persistent
‫ وﻇﻒ‬II to assign (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ه‬s.th. to s.o.); to impose (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ه‬s.th., esp. a tax, on
s.o.), burden, encumber (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬with s.th. s.o.); to assign an office (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
appoint to an office, employ, hire (‫ ه‬s.o.); to invest (‫ ﻫ ـ‬money) V to be
appointed to an office, obtain a position. get a job; to hold an office, work in
1750
a position, have a job | ‫ﺗﻮﻇـﻒ ﰲ اﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ‬ to work as an official with the

government
‫ وﻇﻴﻔـﺔ‬waẓīfa pl. ‫ وﻇـﺎﺋﻒ‬waẓā’if2 daily ration; pay; office, position, post,
job; officialship, officialdom; duty, task, assignment; (school) assignment,
lesson, homework; employ, service; work; function | ‫وﻇﻴﻔـﺔ‬ ‫( ادى‬addā) to fill
a post, attend to an office, exercise a function; ‫( وﻇــﺎﺋﻒ ﺧﺎﻟﻴــﺔ‬kāliya)
vacancies; want ads (in a newspaper); ‫‘ ﻋﻠـﻢ اﻟﻮﻇـﺎﺋﻒ‬ilm al-w. or ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ وﻇـﺎﺋﻒ‬
‫‘ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬i. w. al-a‘ḍā’ physiology
‫ وﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬waẓīfī functional
‫ ﺗﻮﻇﻴــﻒ‬tauẓīf employment, appointment (to an office) | ‫ﺗﻮﻇﻴــﻒ اﳌــﺎل‬
investment
‫ ﻣﻮﻇــﻒ‬muwaẓẓaf fixed (salary); employed, appointed; -- (pl. -ūn)
employee; official, officer, civil servant; functionary | ‫ﻣﻮﻇــﻒ اﳊﻜﻮﻣــﺔ‬
government official; ‫‘( ﻣﻮﻇـﻒ ﻋﻤـﻮﻣﻲ‬umūmī) public functionary; ‫اﻛـﱪ اﳌـﻮﻇﻔﲔ‬
senior official
Confidential
‫ وﻋـﺐ‬wa‘aba ‫ ﻳﻌـﺐ‬ya‘ibu (wa‘b) to take the whole, all (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.) IV do.;
to insert (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to
‫ ﰲ‬s.th. in) X = I; to uproot, root out, extirpate, exterminate (‫ﻫ ـ‬
embrace, enclose, encircle (‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﺑـﲔ ذراﻋﻴـﻪ‬with the arms); to
contain, hold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to be able to take in (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), nave room (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to

comprehend, understand, grasp, take in (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ اﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب‬istī‘āb capacity; study; full comprehension, grasp
‫ وﻋﺚ‬wa‘t, wa‘it difficult, hard, troublesome, tiresome, laborious, arduous
‫ وﻋﺜﺎء‬wa‘tā’ difficulty, trouble, hardship, inconvenience, discomfort
‫ وﻋـﺪ‬wa‘ada ‫ ﻳﻌـﺪ‬ya‘idu (wa‘d) to make a promise; to give one’s word; to
promise (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. s.th.); to threaten (‫ ب ه‬s.o. with) | ‫ وﻋـﺪ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ن‬to
promise o.s. to ..., intend firmly to ...; ‫( وﻋﺪ ﺑﺸﺮﻓﻪ‬bi-šarafihī) to pledge o.s. on
one’s honor, give one’s word of honor III to make an arrangement; to
arrange for a meeting or rendezvous, make an appointment (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o.
for a given time or at a certain place) IV = I; V to threaten; to menace (‫ه‬
1751
s.o.) VI to make an appointment VIII ‫اﺗﻌــﺪ‬ itta‘ada to come to an

understanding, agree among each other, make arrangements (‫ ان‬that)
‫‘ ﻋﺪة‬ida promise
‫ وﻋﺪ‬wa‘d pl. ‫ وﻋﻮد‬wu‘ūd promise
‫ وﻋﻴﺪ‬wa‘īd threats; promises
‫ وﻋﻴﺪي‬wa‘īdī threatening, menacing, minatory
‫ ﻣﻮﻋــﺪ‬mau‘id, ‫ ﻣﻮﻋــﺪة‬mau‘da pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻋــﺪ‬mawā‘id2 promise; pledge,
engagement, commitment; rendezvous, date, appointment; time and place of
an appointment; appointed time; time, date, deadline; anniversary | ‫ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ )ﻣﻮﻋﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ )ﻣﻨﻪ‬to have an appointment with s.o.
‫ ﻣﻴﻌـﺎد‬mī‘ād pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻋﻴـﺪ‬mawā‘īd2 promise; appointment, date, rendezvous;
appointed time; time agreed on, time fixed by appointment; deadline, date
(esp. also due date for repaying a debt); consulting hour, office hour(s) (of a
doctor, etc.); visiting hours (in museums, etc.); (time of) departure (of trains,
buses, etc.) | ‫اﳌﻴﻌـﺎد‬
‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﰲ ﻣﻴﻌـﺎدﻩ‬on time, punctually; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﲑ ﻣﻴﻌـﺎد‬gairi m.)
Confidential
untimely, unpunctually; ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻴﻌﺎد‬min gairi m. quite unexpectedly, all of a
sudden, suddenly; ‫ﻣـﻊ‬ ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﻴﻌـﺎد‬to have an appointment with; ‫ﺑﻴـﺎن اﳌﻮاﻋﻴـﺪ‬
bayān al-m. railroad timetable; ‫ ﻣﻴﻌـﺎد اﻷﻛـﻞ‬m. al-akl mealtime, eating time;
‫ ﻣﻴﻌـﺎد اﻟﺘﺴـﻠﻴﻢ‬date of delivery; ‫ ﻣﻴﻌــﺎد اﳌـﺮأة‬m. al-mar'a menses; ‫ﻣﻮاﻋﻴـﺪ ﻋﺮﻗﻮﺑﻴــﺔ‬
(‘urqūbīya) deceptive promises; ‫اﳌﻴﻌﺎد‬ ‫ ارض‬arḍ al-m. the Land of Promise
‫ ﻣﻮاﻋﺪة‬muwā‘ada arrangement, agreement; appointment, rendezvous, date
‫ اﻳﻌﺎد‬ī‘ād threat
‫ ﺗﻮﻋﺪ‬tawa‘‘ud threat
‫ ﺗﻮﻋﺪي‬tawa‘‘udī threatening, menacing, minatory
‫ ﻣﻮﻋـﻮد‬mau‘ūd promised; fixed, appointed, stipulated (time); ‫ ﻣﻮﻋـﻮد‬and
‫ ﻣﻮﻋﻮدة‬mau‘āda pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻋﻴﺪ‬mawā‘īd2 promise
‫ وﻋـﺮ‬wa‘ara ‫ ﻳﻌـﺮ‬ya‘iru (wa‘r and ‫ وﻋـﻮر‬wu‘ūr) and wa‘ira ‫ ﻳـﻮﻋﺮ‬yau‘aru
(wa‘ar), wa‘ūra yau‘uru (‫ وﻋـﺎرة‬wa‘āra, ‫وﻋـﻮرة‬ wu‘ūra) to be rough, rugged,
difficult (terrain) V = I
‫ وﻋﺮ‬wa‘r rock debris; rugged, roadless terrain
1752
‫ وﻋـﺮ‬wa‘r pl. ‫ وﻋـﻮر‬wu‘ūr, ‫ اوﻋـﺎر‬au‘ār covered with rock debris; cleft, riven,
rugged, wild; rough, uneven; roadless, pathless; hard, difficult
‫ وﻋـﲑ‬wa‘īr covered with rock debris; cleft, riven, cragged, rugged, wild;
rough, uneven; roadless, pathless; hard, difficult
‫ وﻋـﻮرة‬wu‘ūra unevenness, roughness; difficulty | ‫ وﻋـﻮرة اﻷرض‬w. al-arḍ
difficult terrain
‫ اوﻋﺮ‬au‘ar2 rougher, more rugged, harder
‫ وﻋﺰ‬IV to give to understand, intimate, insinuate (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o.),
point out by a sign or motion (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ب اﱃ‬to s.o. s.th.); to suggest (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ب اﱃ‬
to s.o. s.th.); to inspire (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ب اﱃ‬ s.o. with, s.o. to do s.th.); to advise,
counsel, recommend (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ اﱃ اﱃ‬to s.o. s.th.); to induce (‫ ب اﱃ‬s.o. to); to

instruct, direct, order (‫ اﱃ‬s.o., ‫ ب‬to do s.th.)
‫ اﻳﻌﺎز‬ī‘āz advice, counsel, recommendation; suggestion, intimation, hint
‫ اﻳﻌﺎزي‬ī‘āzī advisory, recommendatory, inspiring, inspiratory
‫ ﻣﻮﻋﺰ ﺑﻪ‬mū‘az bihī inspired, suggested by a higher authority
Confidential
‫ وﻋـﺲ‬wa‘asa ‫ ﻳﻌـﺲ‬ya‘isu (wa‘s) to make experienced, make wise (‫ ه‬s.o.;
of fate)
‫ وﻋﺲ‬wa‘s pl. ‫ اوﻋﺎس‬au‘ās quicksand
‫ ﻣﻴﻌﺎس‬mī‘ās quicksand
‫ وﻋـﻆ‬wa‘aẓa ‫ ﻳﻌـﻆ‬ya‘iẓu (wa‘ẓ, ‫‘ ﻋﻈـﺔ‬iẓa) to preach (‫ ه‬to s.o.), appeal to
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬conscience; to admonish, exhort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to warn (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. of),
caution (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.o. against) VIII ‫ اﺗﻌـﻆ‬itta‘aẓa to let o.s. be admonished or
warned; to accede to an admonition, take advice; to learn a lesson, take a
warning (‫ ب‬from), let s.th. (‫ )ب‬be a warning
‫‘ ﻋﻈﺔ‬iẓa pl. -āt sermon; lesson, moral; warning; admonition
‫ وﻋﻆ‬wa‘ẓ and ‫ وﻋﻈﺔ‬wa‘ẓa admonition; warning; sermon; parsenesis
‫ ﻣﻮﻋﻈﺔ‬mau‘iẓa pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻋﻆ‬mawā‘iẓ2 religious exhortation, spiritual counsel;
exhortatory talk, exhortation; stem lecture, severe reprimand
‫ واﻋﻆ‬wā‘iẓ pl. ‫ وﻋﺎظ‬wu‘‘āẓ preacher
‫ وﻋـﻖ‬wa‘q, wa‘iq surly, grumpy, cross; ill-tempered, irritable, peevish,
cantankerous, petulant
1753
‫ وﻋﻚ‬V to be indisposed, unwell

‫ وﻋﻚ‬wa‘ik indisposed, unwell
‫ وﻋﻜﺔ‬wa‘ka indisposition, illness; sultriness
‫ ﺗﻮﻋﻚ‬tawa‘‘uk indisposition
‫ ﻣﻮﻋﻮك‬mau‘ūk indisposed, unwell; ill
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﻋﻚ‬mutawa‘‘ik indisposed, unwell; ill
‫ وﻋﻞ‬wa‘l, wa‘il pl. ‫ اوﻋﺎل‬au‘āl, wu‘ūl mountain goat
‫ وﻋﻮع‬wa‘wa‘ to howl, yelp, bark, bay
‫ وﻋﻰ‬wa‘ā ‫ ﻳﻌﻲ‬ya‘ī (wa‘y) to hold (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to comprise (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to contain
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to retain in one’s memory, remember, know by heart, know (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to pay attention (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), heed, bear in mind (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
perceive, hear (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to become aware (‫ اﱃ‬of) | ‫ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
‫( وﻋـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬nafsihī) to
dawn on s.o., become clear to s.o.; ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻌﻲ‬he is) unconscious; ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎد ﻳﻌﻲ‬he
is) almost unconscious; ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻌـﻲ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻟـﻪ‬he doesn’t know what he is saying II
Confidential
to warn, caution (‫ ﻣـﻦ ه‬s.o. against) IV to put (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. into a vessel or
container) V to act with caution, with prudence; to be on one’s guard (‫ﻣـﻦ‬

against), beware (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
‫ وﻋــﻲ‬attention, attentiveness, heedfulness, carefulness, advertence;
consciousness; awareness; feeling, sentiment, sense; wakefulness, alertness |
‫ﰲ ﻏـﲑ وﻋـﻲ‬ unnoticed, without being noticed; ‫وﻋـﻲ ﻗــﻮﻣﻲ‬ (qaumī) national
consciousness, nationalism; ‫ﻣـﺎ وراء اﻟـﻮﻋﻲ‬ the subconscious; ‫اﺳـﱰﺟﻊ وﻋﻴـﻪ‬ and
‫ ﻋـﺎد اﱃ وﻋﻴـﻪ‬to regain consciousness, come to; ‫ ﻓﻘـﺪ وﻋﻴـﻪ‬to lose consciousness,
faint, pass out; ‫ دون وﻋﻲ‬unconscious(ly)
‫ وﻋـﺎء‬wi‘ā’ pl. ‫ اوﻋﻴـﺔ‬au‘iya, ‫ اواع‬awā‘in vessel (also anat.), container,
receptacle | ‫دﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫( اوﻋﻴﺔ‬damawīya) blood vessels
‫ واع‬wā‘in attentive, heedful, careful; conscious, in one’s senses, wide
awake
‫ وﻏﺪ‬wagd pl. ‫ اوﻏﺎد‬augād, ‫ وﻏﺪان‬wagdān miserable, wretched; scoundrel
1754
‫ وﻏـﺮ‬wagara ‫ ﻳﻐـﺮ‬yagiru, wagira ‫ ﻳـﻮﻏﺮ‬yaugaru (wagr, wagar) to be hot, be

angry | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫( وﻏﺮ ﺻـﺪرﻩ‬ṣadruhū) to boil with anger against s.o., harbor malice
against s.o., feel hatred for s.o. IV ‫( اوﻏـﺮ ﺻـﺪرﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ṣadrahū) to arouse s.o.’s
anger against, stir up s.o. against, arouse bitter feelings in s.o. against V to
be furious, burn with rage
‫ وﻏﺮ‬wagr, wagar anger, wrath, ire, rancor, spite, malice, hatred
‫ وﻏﻞ‬wagala ‫ ﻳﻐﻞ‬yagilu (‫ وﻏﻮل‬wugūl) to penetrate deeply (‫ ﰲ‬into); -- (wagl,
wugūl, ‫ وﻏـﻼن‬wagalān) to intrude (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on s.o.), come uninvited (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to) IV
to penetrate deeply (‫ ﰲ‬into); to apply o.s. intensively (‫ ﰲ‬to an activity); to
push, press (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.o. into); to burry | ‫( اوﻏـﻞ ﰲ اﻟﺴـﲑ‬sair) to walk briskly,
advance quickly; ‫اﻟﻜـﻼم‬ ‫( اوﻏـﻞ ﰲ‬kalām) to exaggerate, draw a longbow V to

penetrate deeply (‫ ﰲ‬into); to advance further and further
‫ وﻏﻞ‬wagl intruder, parasite
‫ ﺗﻮﻏﻞ‬tawaggul penetration, absorption, preoccupation
Confidential
‫ واﻏـﻞ‬wāgil intruder, parasite; extraneous, irrelevant; deep, deep-rooted,
deep-seated, inveterate (feeling)
‫ ﻣﻮﻏﻞ‬mūgil deep-reaching, deep-rooted
‫ وﻏﻲ‬wagy, wagan din, clamor, tumult, uproar
‫ وﻓـﺪ‬wafada ‫ ﻳﻔـﺪ‬yafidu (wafd, ‫ وﻓـﻮد‬wufūd, ‫ وﻓـﺎدة‬wifāda) to come, travel
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬to s.o., esp. as an envoy); to arrive (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ‬before s.o., in s.o.’s
presence); to visit, come to see (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o.), call on s.o. (‫ )ﻋﻠـﻰ‬II and IV to

send, dispatch (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ه‬ ‫ اﱃ‬s.o. to, also ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a delegation); to delegate, depute
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ اﱃ ه‬s.o. to. also ‫ ﻫ ـ‬a group) III to come or arrive together (‫ ه‬with
s.o.) VI to arrive together; to throng, flock (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬to)
‫ وﻓـﺪ‬wafd arrival, coming; -- (pl. ‫ وﻓـﻮد‬wufūd, ‫ اوﻓـﺎد‬aufād) a delegation, a
deputation; ‫( اﻟﻮﻓﺪ‬formerly, Eg.) the Wafd party
‫ وﻓـﺪي‬wafdī of or relative to the Wafd; Wafdist, a member or adherent of
the Wafd
‫ وﻓــﺎدة‬wifāda arrival | ‫( اﻛــﺮم )اﺣﺴــﻦ( وﻓﺎدﺗــﻪ‬wifādatahū) to receive s.o.
hospitably, receive s.o. with kindness, treat s.o. with deference
‫ وﻓﻮد‬wufūd arrival
1755
‫ اﻳﻔﺎد‬īfād delegation, deputation, dispatch

‫ واﻓـﺪ‬wāfid pl. ‫ وﻓـﻮد‬wufūd, ‫ اوﻓـﺎد‬aufād, ‫ وﻓـﺎد‬wuffād arriving; (new)comer,
arrival; envoy; epidemic(al) (disease); pouring in, coming (ideas, memories)
‫ واﻓﺪة‬wāfida an epidemic
‫ ﻣﻮﻓـﺪ‬mūfad appointed or nominated for a special assignment; delegate |
‫ اﳌﻮﻓﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺑﻮي‬apostolic delegate
‫ وﻓـﺮ‬wafara ‫ ﻳﻘـﺮ‬rafiru (wafr, ‫ وﻓـﻮر‬wufūr) and wafura ‫ ﻳـﻮﻓﺮ‬yaufuru (‫وﻓـﺎرة‬
wafāra) to abound, be ample, abundant, numerous, plentiful; to increase,
augment, grow, become more II to increase, augment, make abundant (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.); to give abundantly (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ل‬of s.th. to s.o.); to furnish (‫ ﻫـ‬evidence, proof);
to save (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be sparing, be economical, hold back, economize (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with);
to lay by, put by (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp., money); to save (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. s.th.) | ‫وﻓـﺮ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﺼﺎرﻳﻒ ﻛﺜﲑة‬to save s.o. a lot of expenses IV to increase, augment (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.) V
to abound, be ample, abundant, plentiful; to suffice, be sufficient, be
enough; to be fulfilled (condition); to be of full value, sterling, up to
Confidential
standard, unexceptionable. valid; to prosper, thrive, be successful; to spare
no trouble, go to any length (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in an undertaking or activity), give all
one’s attention, devote o.s. intensively, dedicate o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to be saved |

‫ﺗـﻮﻓﺮت ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻟﺼـﻔﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣـﺔ‬ he has the necessary qualities; ‫ﺗـﻮﻓﺮت ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻟﺸـﺮوط‬ he
fulfills the conditions VI to be numerous; to abound, be ample, abundant,
plentiful; to increase, multiply, grow in number; to be fulfilled (conditions);
to fall amply to s.o.’s (‫ )ل‬share (e.g., qualities) | ‫ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻴـﻪ اﻟﺸـﺒﺎب واﳉﻤــﺎل‬
(šabāb, jamāl) he is richly endowed with youth and good looks
‫ وﻓﺮ‬wafr abundance, wealth; profusion, superabundance; (pl. ‫ وﻓﻮر‬wufūr, -
āt) excess, surplus, overplus; economy; saving
‫ وﻓﺮة‬wafra plenty, abundance, profusion
‫ وﻓﲑ‬wafīr abundant, ample
‫ اوﻓـﺮ‬aufar2 more abounding (‫ ﻫ ـ‬in); more amply provided or endowed (‫ﻫ ـ‬
with); thriftier, more economical | ‫ﺣﻈﺎ‬ ‫( اوﻓﺮ‬ḥaẓẓan) luckier, more fortunate
‫ ﺗــﻮﻓﲑ‬taufīr increase, augmentation; raising, raise, rise; economizing,
economy; saving | ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ‬ ‫ ﺻﻨﺪوق‬ṣundūq at-t. savings bank
1756
‫ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ‬tawaffur abundance, profusion, wealth; superabundance; increase,

rise, augmentation, spread, expansion; fulfillment | ‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺗـﻮﻓﺮ‬as soon as the
conditions are fulfilled
‫ واﻓـﺮ‬wāfir ample, abundant, plentiful; numerous, profuse, superabundant;
(with foll. genit.) abounding in; overlong (year); ‫ اﻟﻮاﻓﺮ‬name of a poetic meter
‫ ﻣﻮﻓــﻮر‬maufūr ample, abundant, plentiful; loaded, swamped; wealthy,
moneyed, rich; complete, perfectly intact | ‫اﳌﻄﺎﻟـﺐ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮﻓﻮر‬m. al-maṭālib having
many wishes
‫ ﻣﺘـﻮﻓﺮ‬mutawaffir ample, abundant; thrifty, economical; savings yield or
interest
‫ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﺮ‬mutawāfir ample, abundant, plentiful, profuse
‫ وﻓـﺰ‬V to be roused, be alerted X to lie in wait; to be in suspense; to be
prepared, be in a state of alertness
‫ وﻓـﺰ‬wafz, wafaz pl. ‫ اوﻓـﺎز‬aufāz hurry, haste | ‫ ﻛـﺎن ﻋﻠـﻰ اوﻓـﺎز‬to be on one’s
toes, be on the alert
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻓﺰ‬mustaufiz alert, quick, vivid, lively (e.g., mind); excited
Confidential
‫ وﻓﺾ‬wafaḍa ‫ ﻳﻔﺾ‬yafiḍu (wafḍ) to run; to hurry, rush
‫ وﻓـﺾ‬wafḍa pl. ‫ وﻓـﺎض‬wifāḍ leather bag, traveling bag | ‫ ﺧﻠـﻲ اﻟﻮﻓـﺎض‬empty,
vacant, free; empty-handed
‫ وﻓﻴﻌﺔ‬wafī‘a penwiper
‫ وﻓـﻖ‬wafiqa ‫ ﻳﻔـﻖ‬yafiqu (wafq) to be right, proper, suitable, fit, appropriate
II to make fit, make suitable, adapt, fit, adjust, accommodate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
make consistent, bring to agreement, reconcile (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬different things; --‫ﺑـﲔ‬
‫وﺑـﲔ‬ s.th. with); to reconcile (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬two parties), make peace, re-establish
normal relations (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬between); to give s.o. (‫ )ه‬success (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬in achieving
s.th.; of God); pass. wuffiqa to have success, be successful (‫ ل‬or ‫ اﱃ‬in or
with), have the good fortune, be lucky enough (‫ اﱃ‬to), succeed (‫ اﱃ‬in) | ‫وﻓـﻖ‬
‫ﻛــﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴــﻖ اﱃ‬ (wuffiqa kulla t-t.) to succeed completely in, have every
success in or with III to befit, become (‫ ه‬s.o.); to suit (‫ ه‬s.o.), be suitable,
acceptable, agreeable, favorable, convenient (‫ ه‬to s.o.), be consistent with
s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬wishes or interests; to fit, suit (‫ ه‬s.o.; garment); to agree (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with
1757
s.th.,‫ ه‬with s.o., ‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in s.th.); to be agreed, unanimous, of the same
opinion, concur (‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬with s.o. in s.th.); to fit (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be consistent,
be in keeping, be in line (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.th.); to correspond, be analogous (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to
s.th.); to be in agreement, be in accordance, be in conformity, be in
harmony, go, harmonize (‫ ﻫـ‬with); to fall in, tally, coincide (‫ ﻫـ‬with); to agree
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬with; of food, climate, etc.), be wholesome, beneficial (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to be
conducive (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to agree, consent, assent, subscribe (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬to), grant,
confirm, approve, sanction, license, authorize, ratify (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to adapt, fit
(‫ ﺑﲔ‬one thing to the other), make consistent, compatible, bring to agreement,
reconcile, balance, equilibrate (‫ ﺑـﲔ‬two things) V to be aided, assisted,
favored (by God); to have success, be successful, prosper, succeed VIII ‫اﺗﻔـﻖ‬
ittafaq to agree, come to an agreement, reach an agreement; to agree, be in
agreement, in accordance, in conformity, in keeping, in line, in harmony, be
consistent, be compatible, coincide, tally, square, fall in line (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬or ‫ و‬with
Confidential
acc.: with): to be agreed, be unanimous; to make a contract, conclude an
agreement, a treaty, agree on an arrangement; to agree (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on s.th.), arrange
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), come to terms (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about s.th.,

‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o.); to chance, happen
accidentally, come to pass, occur, happen (‫ ل‬to s.o., e.g., an oversight); to
fan unexpectedly (‫ ل‬to s.o.), turn out successfully (‫ ل‬for s.o.) contrary to his
expectation; to be given, be destined (‫ ل‬to s.o.) | ‫اﺗﻔـﻖ‬ ‫( ﻛﻤـﺎ‬ka-mā) as chance
would have it, at random, haphazardly, carelessly; ‫( ﻛﻴﻔﻤـﺎ اﺗﻔـﻖ‬kaifa-mā)
however it may turn out, whatever may come; no matter how, anyway; at
any rate, in any case
‫ وﻓــﻖ‬wafq sufficient amount; sufficiency; agreement, accordance,
conformity; harmony, concord; wafq or ‫ل‬ ‫ وﻓﻘﺎ‬or ‫ ﻣـﻦ وﻓـﻖ‬in accordance with,
in conformity with, conformable to, according to, commensurate with; in
pursuance of, pursuant to, on the strength of, on the basis of | ‫ وﻓﻖ‬wafqa l-aṣl
true, accurate, exact (copy)
‫ وﻓﻘــﺔ‬wafqa: ‫ اﺟــﺮ ﻟﻮﻓﻘــﺔ‬ajr bi-l-w. piece wage, task wage, wage for
piecework
‫ اوﻓﻖ‬aufaq2 more suitable, fitter, more appropriate
1758
‫ ﺗﻮﻓﻴــﻖ‬taufīq conformation, adaptation, accommodation; balancing,

adjustment, settlement; reconciliation, mediation, arbitration, peacemaking,
re-establishment of normal relations; success (granted by God), happy
outcome, good fortune, good luck, prosperity, successfulness, succeeding |
‫ ﳉﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬lajnat at-t. board of arbitration
‫ وﻓــﺎق‬wifāq accordance, conformity, conformance; unity; concord,
harmony; consent, assent; agreement, covenant; ‫ وﻓﺎﻗـﺎ ل‬in accordance with.
in conformity with, conformable to, according to, commensurate with; in
pursuance of, pursuant to, on the strength of, on the basic of
‫ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘــﺔ‬muwāfaqa agreement, conformity, conformance; accordance;
correspondence, analogy; suitability, fitness; approval, consent, assent,
authorization, sanction
‫ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ‬tawāfuq coincidence, congruence, congruity; agreement, conformity,
conformance
‫ اﺗﻔـﺎق‬ittifāq coincidence, congruence, congruity; agreement, conformity,
conformance; accident, chance; (pl. -āt) covenant, compact, convention,
contract; understanding, arrangement, entente; agreement, treaty, pact | ‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗـﺎ‬
‫ﻻﺗﻔـﺎق‬
Confidential
accidentally, by chance, by coincidence; by (mutual) agreement, by
appointment; ‫اﺗﻔــﺎق اﻵراء‬ unanimity; ‫ﺗﻔــﺎق اﻵراء‬ unanimously; ‫اﺗﻔــﺎق ﲝــﺮي‬
(baḥrī) naval agreement; ‫( اﺗﻔـﺎق ﲡـﺎري‬tijārī) commercial agreement, trade
agreement; ‫ اﺗﻔـﺎق ﻋـﺪم اﻻﻋﺘـﺪاء‬itt. ‘adam al-i‘tidā‘ nonaggression pact; ‫دول‬
‫ اﻻﺗﻔﺎق اﻟﺼﻐﲑ‬duwal at-itt. the countries of the Little Entente
‫ اﺗﻔــﺎﻗﻲ‬ittifāqī accidental, fortuitous, chance; hued on convention,
conventional
‫ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ittifāqīya pl. -āt agreement, treaty; convention, concordat
‫ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬muwaffaq successful, prospering, fortunate, lucky
‫ ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ‬muwāfiq accordant, comfortable, congruous, consistent, concordant,
corresponding, analogous; suitable, fit, appropriate; agreeable, acceptable,
convenient, favorable, propitious, wholesome, beneficial, conducive
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﻖ‬mutawaffiq successful, proopering, fortunate, lucky
‫ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬muttafaq ‘alaihi agreed upon
‫ وﰱ‬wafā ‫ ﻳﻔـﻲ‬yafī to be perfect, integral, complete, unabridged; -- (‫وﻓـﺎء‬
wafā’) to live up (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to a promise, an agreement, a vow, or the like),
redeem, fulfill, carry out, keep (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to satisfy, gratify (‫ ب‬a wish, a
1759
desire), supply (‫ ب‬a need); to serve (‫ ب‬a purpose); to meet, fulfill,

discharge (‫ ب‬an obligation, an engagement); to pay (a debt); to redeem (a
pledge); to cover (costs, expenses); to be sufficient, be enough, suffice (‫ب‬
for), be adequate (‫ ب‬to); to make up, compensate fully (‫ ب‬for),
counterbalance (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be equivalent (‫ ب‬to s.th.), fulfill the function
(‫ ب‬of s.th.), substitute (‫ ب‬for); to realize or carry out (fully, completely; ‫ب‬
s.th.) II to bring up to standard, complete, round out (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to give (‫ه‬ ‫ﻫـ‬
s.o. s.th.) to the full extent, let s.o. (‫ )ه‬have his full share of s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to
present, lit forth, or treat exhaustively (a topic) III to come (‫ ه‬to s.o.),
appear, show up (‫ ه‬before s.o., in s.o.’s presence); to bring, lake, deliver (‫ب‬
to s.o. s.th.), supply, provide, furnish (‫ ب‬s.o. with); to fulfill (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.’s wish),
comply (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with s.o.’s request) | ‫اﺟﻠـﻪ‬ ‫( واﻓـﺎﻩ‬ajaluhū) his fate overtook him IV
to give to the full; to fulfill, keep (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), live up (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬to); to come
Confidential
or draw near s.th. (‫)ﻋﻠـﻲ‬, approach (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬s.th.); to exceed, transcend (‫ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
s.th.), go beyond (‫اﻻﻧﺘﻬـﺎء‬‫ ﻋﻠﻲ( | اوﰱ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬to draw to a close; ‫ﻋﻤـﺮﻩ اﻵن ﻗـﺪ اوﰱ‬
‫‘( ﻋﻠـﻲ اﻟﺘﺎﺳـﻌﺔ‬umruhū) he is already past nine years of age V to exact fully (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), take one’s full share (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), receive in full (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); ‫ ﺗﻮﻓـﺎﻩ ﷲ‬God hal
taken him unto Him; pass. tuwuffiya to die VI to be complete; to decide
unanimously (‫ ﻋﻠﻲ‬for, in favor of) X to receive in full, exact (fully) (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.);
to give (fully) (‫ل‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.o s.th.), let s.o. have his full share of; to complete,
bring to a finish (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), go through with s.th. (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to lit out, hear to the end
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬a program); to bring to its full value (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to treat exhaustively (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a
topic); to exhaust (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to present in detail. at great length (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
fulfill (‫ ﻫـ‬the condition); to receive full compensation or indemnity
‫ وﻓـﺎء‬wafā’ keeping, fulfillment, redemption (e.g., of a promise); meeting,
discharge (of an obligation); payment (of a debt); counterbalance, setoff,
compensation; faithfulness fidelity; good faith; loyalty, allegiance;
fulfillment, accomplishment, realization, completion | ‫ وﻓـﺎء ل‬wafā’an li in
fulfillment of, in discharge of; as an offset to; as a compensation for; ‫ﻳﻮم وﻓﺎء‬
1760
‫ اﻟﻨﻴـﻞ‬yaum w. an-nīl the Day of the Nile Inundation (popular holiday; Eg.);
‫ اﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﻟﻮﻓﺎء ل‬to remain loyal to s.o.
‫ وﻓﺎة‬wafāh pl. ‫ وﻓﻴﺎت‬wafayāt decease, demise; death; death certificate | ‫ﻛﺜﺮة‬
‫ اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت‬katrat al-w. high mortality, high death rate
‫ وﰲ‬wafīy pl. ‫ اوﻓﻴـﺎء‬aufiyā’2 true to one’s word; faithful (lover); reliable,
trustworthy; entire, whole, total, full, complete, integral, perfect
‫ اوﰱ‬aufā more faithful, more loyal; more complete, of greater perfection;
serving better (‫ ب‬a purpose), fulfilling better (‫ ب‬wish, etc.)
‫ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬taufiya satisfaction; fulfillment, discharge
‫ ﻣﻮاﻓﺎة‬muwāfā arrival; communication (‫ ب‬of a message)
‫ اﻳﻔﺎء‬īfā’ fulfillment, discharge; payment | ‫ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﻳﻔﺎء‬solvent
‫ اﺳـﺘﻴﻔﺎء‬istīfā’ acceptance by the creditor of the performance or payment
due (Isl. Law); fulfillment; exhaustive treatment; performance, discharge,
accomplishment, execution, consummation, completion; payment
‫ واف‬wāfin faithful, loyal; full, complete, perfect; quite sufficient, enough;
Confidential
ample, abundant; adequate
‫ ﻣـﻮف‬muwaffin completing, rounding out (a number) | ‫ﰲ اﳌـﻮﰲ ﻋﺸـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫( )ﺛﻼﺛﲔ( ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻬﺮ‬šahr) on the 20th (30th) day of the month
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﰱ‬mutawaffan deceased, dead
‫ وﻗﺔ‬wuqqa, wiqqa pl. -āt, ‫ وﻗﻖ‬wiqaq oka, a weight, see ‫اﻗﺔ‬
‫ وﻗـﺐ‬waqaba ‫ ﻳﻘـﺐ‬yaqibu (waqb) to he sunken, hollow (eye); to become
dark, gloomy
‫ وﻗﺐ‬waqb pl. ‫ اوﻗﺎب‬auqāb cavity; hollow, hole; eye socket, orbit
‫ وﻗﺒﺔ‬waqba cavity
‫ وﻗـﺖ‬II to appoint, fix, or set a time (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for), schedule (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) for a given
time; to time (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to set a time limit (‫ ﻫـ‬for)
‫ وﻗﺖ‬waqt pl. ‫ اوﻗﺎت‬auqāt time; period of time, time span; moment, instant
| ‫وﻗﺘــﺎ‬ waqtan once, at one time, one day; ‫ﺑﻮﻗﺘــﻪ‬ at once, right away,
immediately; ‫ ﰲ وﻗﺘـﻪ‬on time; at the right time, in good time, timely; ‫ﰲ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ وﻗـﺖ‬at the wrong time, untimely; ‫ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬or ‫ ﰲ ﻧﻔـﺲ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‬at the same
1761
time, simultaneously; ‫ ﰲ اول وﻗـﺖ‬fī awwali waqtin one of these days, at the
first opportunity; ‫ ﻟﻠﻮﻗـﺖ‬or ‫ ﻟﻮﻗﺘـﻪ‬at once, right away, immediately; ‫ﳍـﺬا اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‬
this time; ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻮﻗـﺖ‬in (due) time, in the course of time, by and by, gradually;
‫( ﻣـﻦ وﻗـﺖ ﻵﺧـﺮ‬li-ākara) from time to time; ‫ اوﻗـﺎ اوﻗـﺎ‬do.; ‫ ﰲ ﺑﻌـﺾ اﻷوﻗـﺎت‬at
times, sometimes; ‫ ﰲ ﻛﺜـﲑ ﻣـﻦ اﻷوﻗـﺎت‬often, frequently; ‫ وﻗـﺖ اﻟﻔـﺮاغ‬w. al-farāg
leisure, sparetime, free time; ‫( اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﳌﺪﱐ‬madanī) civil time; ‫وﻗﺖ اور اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬
w. ūrubbā l-wusṭā Central European time; ‫ اﺷﺎرة اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬išārat al-w. time signal
(radio)
‫ وﻗﺘﺌﺬ‬waqta’idin then, at that time, by then
‫ وﻗﺘﺬاك‬waqtadāka then, at that time, by then
‫ وﻗﺘﻤﺎ‬waqtamā (conj.) while, as
‫ وﻗـﱵ‬waqtī temporal, of time; time- (in compounds); temporary; passing,
transient, transitory; provisional, interim; momentary; ‫ وﻗﺘﻴﺎ‬for some time, for
a short time | ‫وﻗﱵ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬time exposure (phot.)
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ‬mauqit pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻗﺖ‬mawāqit appointed time; appointment, date
‫ ﻣﻴﻘـﺎت‬mīqāt pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻗﻴـﺖ‬mawāqīt appointed time; date, deadline; time;
season, time of the year; meeting point, rendezvous; pl. times of departure
and arrival, timetable | ‫ ﻣﻮاﻗﻴـﺖ اﻷﻓـﻼم‬business hours; ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻴـﺖ اﳊـﺞ‬ m. al-hajj
rendezvous points and times of the Mecca pilgrims
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ‬tauqīt timing; reckoning of time | ‫( ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺻـﻴﻔﻲ‬ṣaifī) daylight-saving
time; ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻴــﺖ ﳏﻠــﻲ‬ (maḥallī) local time; ‫ﰲ اﻟﺴــﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺷــﺮة ﺣﺴــﺐ ﺗﻮﻗﻴــﺖ ﺟـﺮﻳﻨﺶ‬
(ḥasaba t. g.) at 10.00 hours Greenwich mean time
‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻮت‬mauqūt appointed, bed, set
(time); temporary; limited in time, scheduled for a given time; provided
with a time fuse (bomb)
‫ ﻣﻮﻗـﺖ‬muwaqqit timing, determining the time; timekeeper, timetaker;
controller
‫ ﻣﻮﻗـﺖ‬muwaqqat and ‫ ﻣﺆﻗـﺖ‬mu’aqqat scheduled for a given time or hour;
appointed, fixed, lilt (time); effective for a certain time, for a time only,
temporal, temporary, passing, transient, transitory, provisional, interim I
l:i.... temporarily, provisionally, for the time being; ‫ﻣﻮﻗﺘـﺔ‬ ‫( ﺑﺼـﻮرة‬bi-ṣūra) do.;
‫ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﺘﺔ‬provisional government
1762
‫ وﻗـﺢ‬waqaḥa ‫ ﻳﻘـﺢ‬yaqiḥu (‫ ﻗﺤـﺔ‬qiḥa, qaḥa), waquḥa ‫ ﻳـﻮﻗﺢ‬yauquḥu (‫وﻗﺎﺣـﺔ‬

waqāḥa, ‫وﻗﻮﺣـﺔ‬ wuqūḥa) and waqiḥa yauqaḥu (waqaḥ) to be shameless,
impudent, insolent V do.; to behave impudently (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬toward s.o.), display
insolent manners VI to display impudence, behave in an insolent manner
‫ ﻗﺤﺔ‬qiḥa impudence, shamelessness, insolence, impertinence, sauciness
‫ وﻗـﺢ‬waqiḥ impudent, shameless, insolent, impertinent, saucy, cheeky,
forward
‫ وﻗـﺎح‬waqāḥ (m. and f.) pl. ‫ وﻗـﺢ‬wuquḥ impudent, shameless, insolent,
impertinent, saucy, cheeky, forward
‫ وﻗـﻴﺢ‬waqāḥa impudent, shameless, insolent, impertinent, saucy, cheeky,
forward
‫ وﻗﺎﺣــﺔ‬waqāḥa impudence, insolence, impertinence, sauciness, cheek,
nerve
‫ وﻗﻮﺣــﺔ‬wuqūḥa impudence, insolence, impertinence, sauciness, cheek,
nerve
‫ وﻗـﺪ‬waqada ‫ ﻳﻘـﺪ‬yaqidu (waqd, waqad, ‫ وﻗـﻮد‬wuqūd) to take fire, ignite,
Confidential
burn II and IV to kindle, ignite, light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫اﻟﻨـﺎر‬
‫( اوﻗـﺪ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬nāra) to set s.th.
on fire V = I; to kindle, light, ignite (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) VIII ‫ اﺗﻘـﺪ‬ittaqada = I; to break
forth (anger), be aroused (zeal) | ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

(‫( اﺗﻘـﺪ ﻏـﲑة )ﲪﺎﺳـﺎ‬gairatan, ḥamāsan) to
burn with zeal (enthusiasm) for X to kindle, light, ignite (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ وﻗﺪ‬waqd, waqad burning, combustion; fire; fuel
‫ وﻗﺪة‬waqda fire; blaze
‫ وﻗﺎد‬wiqād fuel
‫ وﻗـﺎد‬waqqād burning, fiery; lively, heated; bright, brilliant, radiant (star);
(pl. -ūn) stoker
‫ وﻗـﻮد‬waqūd fuel (also for motors) | ‫ ﳐـﺰن اﻟﻮﻗـﻮد‬makzan al-w. coal cellar,
coal storeroom
‫ وﻗﻴﺪ‬waqīd fuel
‫ ﻣﻮﻗـﺪ‬mauqid pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻗـﺪ‬mawāqid2 fireplace; hearth; stove; O boiler of a
locomotive | ‫اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﺪ‬kerosene stove
‫ ﻟﻴﻘﺎد‬īqād kindling, lighting, setting on fire, ignition
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﺪ‬tawaqqud burning, combustion
1763
‫ اﺗﻘﺎد‬ittiqād burning, combustion

‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻮد‬mauqūd kindled, lit, ignited, burning
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﺪ‬mutawaqqid burning, flaming, blazing | ‫ ﻣﺘﻮﻗـﺪ اﻟـﺬﻫﻦ‬m. ad-dihn fiery,
impulsive, having a lively mind
‫ ﻣﺘﻘﺪ‬muttaqid aflame, burning
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻗﺪ‬mustauqad hearth, fireplace; O hath heater, geyser
‫ وﻗـﺬ‬waqada ‫ ﻳﻘـﺬ‬yaqidu (waqd) to hit fatally, hit hard, throw down, fell (‫ه‬
s.o.)
‫ وﻗﻴﺬ‬waqīd and ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻮذ‬mauqūd fatally ill
‫ وﻗـﺮ‬waqara ‫ ﻳﻘـﺮ‬yaqiru (waqr) to break, fracture, crack (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., esp. a
bone); to be settled, certain, an established fact; to stay, remain | ‫وﻗﺮ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
‫ ان‬to him it was an established fact that ...; ‫( وﻗـﺮ ﰲ ﺧﻠـﺪﻩ‬kaladihī) do.; ‫وﻗـﺮت‬
‫( اﻟﺼـﻮرة ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬ṣūratu) the picture stood vividly before his mental eye;
waqura ‫ ﻳـﻮﻗﺮ‬yauquru (‫ وﻗـﺎر‬waqār, ‫ وﻗـﺎرة‬waqāra) to be dignified, sedate, staid,
grave II to respect, honor, revere, reverence (‫ ه‬s.o.); to render grave or
Confidential
sedate (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to load, burden, overload (‫ ﻫـ‬a beast of burden); to oppress
(‫ ه‬s.o.), weigh heavily (‫ ه‬upon); to be overladen with fruit (tree)
‫ وﻗﺮ‬waqr pl. ‫ وﻗﻮر‬wuqūr cavity, hollow
‫ وﻗﺮة‬waqra cavity, hollow
‫ وﻗﺮ‬wiqr pl. ‫ اوﻗﺎر‬auqār heavy load, burden
‫ وﻗـﺎر‬waqār gravity, sobriety, dignity, deportment commanding respect;
sedateness, dignified bearing
‫ وﻗﻮر‬waqūr grave, sedate; dignified; venerable, reverend
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﺮ‬tawaqqur dignified bearing
‫ ﻣﻮﻗﺮ‬muwaqqar respected, held in respect; venerable, reverend
‫ وﻗﺺ‬waqaṣa ‫ ﻳﻘﺺ‬yaqiṣu to break s.o.’s neck (‫)ﻫـ‬
‫ وﻗﻆ‬waqaẓa ‫ ﻳﻘﻆ‬yaqiẓu (waqẓ) to beat brutally (‫ ه‬s.o.) II to arouse, incite,
inflame, whip up (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th., e.g., passions)
‫ وﻗـﻊ‬waqa‘a ‫ ﻳﻘـﻊ‬yaqa‘u (‫ وﻗـﻮع‬wuqū‘) to fall; to fall down, drop; to tumble;
to come to pass, take place, occur; to happen (‫ ل‬to s.o.), befall (‫ ل‬s.o.); to
1764
get (‫ ﰲ‬in a situation, also, e.g., in a fix); to get (‫ اﱃ‬to), arrive (‫ اﱃ‬at); to
come, run (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬across), meet (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬with); to fall (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬to s.o., to s.o.’s lot or
share); to slight, settle down (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬on: bird); to have sexual intercourse (‫ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
with a woman); to be divided (‫ ﰲ‬into), consist (‫ ﰲ‬of); to be located, be
situated, lie (geog.,); -- (‫ وﻗﻴﻌﺔ‬waqī‘a) to slander, backbite, defame, disparage
(‫ ﻣـﻦ‬or‫ ب‬s.o.): -- (waq‘) to rush, pounce, fall (‫ ب‬upon s.o.) | ‫وﻗﻌـﻮا ﰲ ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﻢ‬
they fell to quarreling, they fell out with one another; ‫( وﻗﻊ ﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ‬bi-aidīhim)
‫( وﻗـﻊ ﲢـﺖ ﺣﻮاﺳـﻪ‬ḥawāssihī) to enter s.o.’s range of
he fell into their hands;
perception, become palpable, tangible for s.o.; ‫( وﻗﻌﺖ ﰲ ﺣﺒﻪ‬ḥubbihī) she fell
in love with him; ‫( وﻗﻌـﺖ ﺣـﺮب‬ḥarb) war broke out; ‫( وﻗـﻊ اﳊـﻖ‬ḥaqq) the law
has been determined; ‫ وﻗـﻊ اﳊـﻖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬he was found guilty; ‫( وﻗـﻊ ﰲ اﻟﻔـﺦ‬fakk) to
walk into the trap, get caught in the snare; ‫( وﻗـﻊ ﻓﺮﻳﺴـﺘﻪ‬farīsatahū) to fall
victim to s.o., become a prey of s.o.; ‫( وﻗـﻊ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻜـﺎن‬min qalbihī fī
Confidential
makānin) to take s.th. to heart; to make s.th. one’s business, attend to s.th.;
‫( وﻗﻊ اﻟﻘﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬qaul) he was called upon to speak, he was given the floor; ‫وﻗﻊ‬
‫ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ان‬it came to his mind, it occurred to him to ...; ‫( وﻗـﻊ اﻟﻜـﻼم ﰲ‬kalām)
the words impressed him, went to his heart, touched him; ‫وﻗﻌـﺖ ﰲ )ﻣـﻦ( ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
she has made an impression on him, she has bewitched him; ‫وﻗـﻊ ﰲ ﻫﻮاﻫـﺎ‬
(hawāhā) he fell in love with her; ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌـﻪ‬ ‫( وﻗـﻊ‬mauqi‘ahū) to stand in place of,
stand for; ‫( وﻗـﻊ ﰲ ﻏـﲑ ﻣﻮﻗﻌـﻪ‬fī gairi mauqi‘ihī) to be misplaced, stand in the
wrong place, be used in the wrong context (word); ‫وﻗــﻊ اﻟﻜــﻼم ﻣﻨــﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌــﺎ‬
(kalāmu, mauqi‘an) the words moved or impressed him; ‫وﻗـﻊ اﻷﻣـﺮ ﻣﻨـﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺴـﻨﺎ‬ (mauqi‘an ḥasanan) the matter pleased him very much, was most
welcome to him; ‫اﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬ ‫( وﻗﻊ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬mauqi‘a r-riḍā) it met his approval; ‫وﻗـﻊ‬
‫ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻔﻮس ﻣﻮﻗﻌﺎ ﺟﻠـﻴﻼ‬to leave a strong, splendid impression; ‫وﻗـﻊ ووﻗـﻊ اﻻﺳـﺘﻐﺮاب‬
to cause raised eyebrows, cause astonishment II to let fall, drop (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o.,
s.th.); to cause to fall, bring down, throw down, overthrow (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to perform, carry out, execute (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to enter, record, register (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬or ‫ﰲ ﻫ ـ‬
1765
s.th. in or on); to sign (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to inflict (‫ﻫ ـ‬

‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬a punishment on s.o.); to
play (‫ ﻋﻠﻲ‬on a musical instrument); to sow dissension (‫ ﺑﲔ‬between, among) |
‫( وﻗـﻊ ﺣﺠـﺰا ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ḥajzan) to seize, confiscate, impound or distrain s.th.; ‫وﻗﻌـﻪ‬
‫( ﻷﺣـﺮف اﻷوﱃ‬bi-l-aḥrufi l-ūlā) to initial s.th.; ‫( وﻗـﻊ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsahū) to give o.s.
up; ‫( وﻗـﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﻮﺗﺮ اﳊﺴـﺎس‬al-watar al-ḥassās) to touch the sensitive spot III to
attack (‫ ه‬s.o.), fight (‫ ه‬with); to have sexual intercourse (‫ ﻫـﺎ‬with a woman)
IV to let fall, drop (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to cause to fall, bring down, throw
down, overthrow (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to plunge (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.o. into s.th., esp. fig.),
get, land (‫ ﰲ ه‬s.o. in a situation); to fall (‫ ب‬upon s.o.), attack, assault (‫ب‬
s.o.); to score a hit (‫ ب‬on); to sow the seeds of discord, drive wedge ( -- ‫ﺑﲔ‬
‫وﺑـﲔ‬ between -- and); to project (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( اوﻗـﻊ اﻟﺮﻋـﺐ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒـﻪ‬ar-ru‘ba fī

qalbihī) to strike terror to s.o.’s heart, frighten or scare s.o.; ‫ اوﻗـﻊ ﻋﻘﻮﺑـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬to
inflict a punishment on; ‫ اوﻗﻌـﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻤـﲔ‬to let s.o. walk into an ambush V to
Confidential
expect, anticipate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to prepare o.s., wait (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for); to dread (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to
be inflicted (‫ ﻋﻠﻲ‬on s.o.; punishment), be passed (‫ ﻋﻠﻲ‬against s.o.; judgment)

X to expect, anticipate, dread (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), feel uneasy, be concerned (‫ ﻫ ـ‬about),
look forward with apprehension (‫ ﻫـ‬to)
‫ وﻗـﻊ‬waq‘ falling, dropping, tumbling; fall, drop, tumble; thump, thud,
blow; happening, occurrence, incidence; impression (s.th. makes), effect;
impact | ‫ وﻗـﻊ اﻷﻗـﺪام‬footfall, footsteps; ‫ وﻗـﻊ اﻗـﺪام ﺛﻘﻠﻴـﺔ‬heavy footfall; ‫ﻛـﺎن ﻟـﻪ‬
‫( اﺣﺴﻦ وﻗﻊ ﰲ اﻟﻨﻔﻮس‬aḥsanu waq‘in) to make the best impression on everyone
‫ وﻗﻌـﺔ‬waq‘a pl. waqa‘āt fall, drop, tumble; thump, thud, blow; shock, jolt;
incident, occurrence; encounter, combat, battle; meal, repast
‫ وﻗﺎع‬waqqā‘ and ‫ وﻗﺎﻋﺔ‬waqqā‘a talebearer, scandalmonger, slanderer
‫ وﻗـﻮع‬wuqū‘ falling, fall, tumble; letting in, incidence (of an event),
occurence, happening
‫ وﻗﻴﻌـﺔ‬waqī‘a pl. ‫ وﻗـﺎﺋﻊ‬waqā’i‘ incident, event, occurrence, happening;
encounter, battle; -- pl. ‫ وﻗـﺎﺋﻊ‬happenings, goings on, developments; factual
findings, factual evidence, facts (of a legal case); proceedings (of an
1766
assembly); facts | ‫اﻟﻮﻗـﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ دﻓـﱰ‬daftar al-w. minute book; ‫( اﻟﻮﻗـﺎﺋﻊ اﳌﺼـﺮﻳﺔ‬miṣrīya)

the Egyptian Official Gazette (the oldest Arab newspaper)
‫ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ‬mauqi‘ pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻗـﻊ‬mawāqi‘2 place where s.th. drops or fells down;
place, site, locality, spot; position (of a ship and mil.); scene, situation,
location, position; impression; time or date on which s.th. falls | ‫اﻷﻃـﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬
(sites of) ruins; ‫ ﻣﻮاﻗـﻊ اﻷﻧﻈـﺎر‬m. ‫ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ ﻣﺘﻘـﺪم‬
anẓār field (or range) of vision;
(mutaqaddim) advanced position (mil.); ‫ ﻣﻮاﻗـﻊ اﻟﻨﺠـﻮم‬the orbits of the stars; ‫ﱂ‬
‫( ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻌﺮف ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ وﻗﺘـﻪ ذاك ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬mauqi‘a waqtihī) he did not know what time
of the night it was at that moment; see also waqa‘a (at end of illustrative
phrases)
‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬mauqi‘a pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬mawāqi‘2 battlefield; fighting, combat, battle
‫ ﻣﻴﻘﻌﺔ‬mīqa‘a device for sharpening or honing; grindstone, whetstone
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻴـﻊ‬tauqī‘ dropping; performance, consummation, execution; discharge,
undertaking (of an act or action); infliction (of a punishment); entering,
recording, registration; (pl. -āt) signature | ‫ ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴـﻊ )ﲢـﺖ ﺗﻮﻗﻴـﻊ( ﻓـﻼن‬signed by,
from the pen of; ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ‬ ‫( ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬muhmal) without signature, unsigned
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻌﻲ‬tauqī‘ī rhythmic(al)
‫ وﻗﺎع‬wiqā‘ coition, sexual intercourse
‫ اﻳﻘﺎع‬īqā‘ pl. -āt rhythm; projection
‫ اﻳﻘﺎﻋﻲ‬īqā‘ī rhythmic(al)
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬tawaqqu‘ expectation; anticipation
‫ واﻗـﻊ‬wāqi‘ falling, dropping, tumbling; occurring, happening; actual, real,
factual; material, corporeal, tangible; event, fact, matter of fact; factual
findings, factual evidence, facto; located, situated (geogr.); transitive
(gram.); ‫ اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ‬reality, the real, material world | ‫ واﻗﻌـﺎ‬wāqi‘an or ‫اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ‬
‫ ﰲ‬or ‫ﰲ‬
‫ واﻗﻊ اﻷﻣﺮ‬in effect, indeed, as a matter of fact, actually, really, in reality; ‫ﺑﻮاﻗـﻊ‬
bi-wāqi‘i to the .mount of (with foll. figure); ‫ ﻏــﲑ واﻗــﻊ‬untrue, unreal;
intransitive (gram.);
‫اﻷﻣــﺮ اﻟﻮاﻗــﻊ‬ the accomplished fact; ‫واﻗــﻊ اﳊــﺎل‬ factual findings, factual
evidence, facts; ‫( اﻟﻮاﻗـﻊ ان‬anna) it is a fact that ..., as a matter of fact ...,
actually ...; ‫( دون اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﺑﻜﺜﲑ‬dūna, bi-katīrin) far from being true; ‫ﻣـﻦ واﻗـﻊ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫( اﻟﺴﺠﻼت‬sijillāt) according to the data contained in these registers
1767
‫ واﻗﻌـﺔ‬wāqi‘a incident, occurrence, event; happening, development; fact;

accident, mishap; fighting, combat, battle
‫ واﻗﻌﻲ‬wāqi‘ī actual, real; de facto; realistic; positive; positlvistic (philos.)
‫ واﻗﻌﻴﺔ‬wāqi‘īya reality
‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬muwaqqi‘ signing; signer, signatory
‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬muwaqqa‘ entered, recorded, registered; signed
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬mutawaqqa‘ expected, anticipated; supposed, presumable, probable,
likely | ‫اﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ ﻣﻦ‬it is expected that ...
‫ وﻗﻒ‬waqafa ‫ ﻳﻘﻒ‬yaqifu (waqf, ‫ وﻗﻮف‬wuqūf) to come to a standstill, come
to a stop; to stand still; to place o.s. post o.s., station o.s., take one’s stand,
step (‫ ﻓﻮق‬on s.th.), stand (‫ ﻓـﻮق‬on, ‫ دون‬in the way of s.th.); to stop (‫ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬or ‫ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
at; ‫ اﱃ‬at, short of, = to reach, extend to, go as far as); to halt; to pause; to
hesitate, waver, have doubts or scruples (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.); to use the pausal form,
pronounce a word without i‘rāb ending (gram.); to rise, get up, stand up, get
on one’s feet; to plant o.s., station o.s., stand erect, hold o.s. erect; to stand;
to stand on end (hair); to withstand, resist, oppose; to take up position (‫ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
Confidential
.t); to stand (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬by s.o.), stick (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬to s.o.), side (‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with s.o.), support, back
(‫ ﻣـﻊ‬s.o.); with foll. participle; to continue to do s.th., keep doing s.th.; --

(wuqūf) to occupy o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬with), attend (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬to), go in for (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻲ‬to read
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬s.th.); to apply o.s., devote o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠــﻲ‬to); to take an interest, be
interested (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬in); to inquire, seek information, inform o.s. (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬about); to
learn, be informed (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬of); to understand, comprehend, grasp, learn (‫ﻋﻠـﻲ‬

s.th.); to come to know (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬s.th.). become acquainted (Jo with); to know
(‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬s.th.); (waqf) to bring to a standstill, to a stop, arrest, halt, stop (‫ه‬ ,‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.o., s.th.), put an end (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.); to hinder, prevent, hold back (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ب‬
s.o., s.th., ‫ دون‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to make dependent, conditional (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. on),
pass. wuqifa to depend, be conditional (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on); to apprise, inform, notify
(‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. of), acquaint (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o. with), let s.o. (‫ )ه‬know (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬about); to
tell, advise, instruct (‫ﻫ ـ‬
‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.o. about), call s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬attention (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to); to
donate, grant, create, institute (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ه‬s.th. for a pious or charitable purpose),
1768
bequeath as a religious endowment or wakf (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th. to); to make over,

bequeath, transfer (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); to dedicate, consecrate, devote (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. to a purpose); to assign, appoint (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., ‫ ل‬to, to a purpose), designate,
set apart (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.,‫ ل‬for s.th., for a purpose); to apply, devote (‫ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬nafsahū
o.s., ‫ ل‬to s.th., to a task) | ‫ ﻗـﻒ‬qif halt! (command); stop! (e.g., on a traffic
sign); ‫( وﻗـﻒ اﻣﺎﻣـﻪ‬amāmahū) to resist, oppose, stop s.th., put an end to s.th.;
‫ وﻗﻒ اﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ‬to be on s.o.’s side; ‫( وﻗﻒ اﱃ ﻳﺴﺎرﻩ‬yasārihī) to stand at his left;
‫( وﻗـﻒ ﺳـﺪا دون‬saddan) to rise as an obstacle in the way to s.th., stand in the
way to s.th.; ‫ ﻻ ﻳﻘـﻒ دون ﺷـﻲء‬nothing will stand in his (or its) way, nothing
can stop him (or it); ‫ وﻗﻒ ﺣﺎﺋﺮا‬to be in a quandary, at a loss what to do; ‫وﻗﻒ‬
‫( ﻋﻠـﻲ اﳊﻴـﺎد‬ḥiyād) to remain neutral, observe strict neutrality; ‫وﻗـﻒ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﺳـﺎق‬
‫( اﳉـﺪ ل‬sāqi l-jidd) to throw o.s. into s.th., identify o.s. with s.th., go to great
lengths, make every effort in order to ...; ‫( وﻗـﻒ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﺷـﻔﲑ اﳍـﻼك‬šafīri l-halāk)
Confidential
to be on the brink of ruin, be about to perish; ‫ وﻗـﻒ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺣـﺪ‬... (ḥaddi) to stop
at or short of …, go as far as ...;‫ وﻗـﻒ ﰲ وﺟـﻪ ﻓـﻼن‬... (wajhi s.) to offer s.o.
resistance, stand up against s.o.;‫( وﻗـﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻔـﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬mauqifan) to assume an
attitude, take a stand toward or with regard to; ‫( وﻗﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﺎ ﻣﻠﺆﻩ اﳊﺰم‬mil’uhū l-
ḥazm) to assume an attitude of utmost determination; ‫( وﻗـﻒ وﻗﻔـﺎ‬waqfan) to

assume a posture; ‫( وﻗـﻒ وﻗﻔـﺔ‬waqfatan) to stand still; to assume an attitude;
‫‘( وﻗﻔـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬amal) to suspend s.o. from duty II to bring to a standstill, to
a stop, arrest, halt, stop, hold up, check, stunt, obstruct, trammel, hamper,
slow down (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.); to park (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an automobile); to raise, erect, set
up, set upright, place in an upright position (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to arrest, seize (‫ ه‬s.o.);
to hold back, restrain, keep, prevent (‫ ﻋﻦ ه‬s.o. from); to acquaint (‫ ﻋﻠﻲ ه‬s.o.
with); to institute a religious endowment or wakf (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬for the benefit of, in
favor of) | ‫ﺣـﺪﻩ‬ ‫( وﻗﻔـﻪ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬ḥaddihī) to put s.o. in his proper place IV to make
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) stand, set up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bring to a standstill, to a stop, arrest, halt,
stop, hold up, check, stunt, obstruct, trammel, hamper, slow down (‫ ه‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬
1769
s.o., s.th.); to stop, suspend, stay, discontinue, interrupt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to break

off, sever (‫ ﻫ ـ‬relations); to postpone, put off, delay, defer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an activity); to
arrest, seize, apprehend, capture (‫ ه‬s.o.); to suppress, ban (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a newspaper);
to acquaint (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬s.o. with), inform, notify, apprise (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ ه‬s.o. of), let s.o.
(‫ )ه‬know (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬about); to tell, advise, instruct (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ ه‬s.o. about), call s.o.’s
(‫ )ه‬attention (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬to); to donate, grant, create, institute (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ ه‬s.th. for a
pious or charitable purpose), bequeath as a religious endowment or wakf
(‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬s.th. to); to bequeath, make over, transfer (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to); to assign,
appoint (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻲ‬s.th. to), designate, set apart (‫ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫـ‬s.th. for); to devote ( ‫ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to a purpose); to spend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬efforts, ‫ ﻋﻠــﻲ‬for) | ‫اوﻗــﻒ اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣــﻪ ﻋﻠــﻲ‬
(htimāmahū) to concentrate on; ‫( اوﻗـﻒ ﺗﻨﻔﻴـﺬ اﳊﻜـﻢ‬tanfīd l-ḥukm) to stay the
execution of a sentence, grant a reprieve; to stay the execution (of a
judgment in a civil case), arrest a judgment (jur.); ‫( اوﻗﻒ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﳌﺮور‬ḥarakata l-
murūr) to obstruct traffic; ‫‘( اوﻗﻔـﻪ ﻋـﻦ اﳌـﺮور‬amal) to relieve s.o. of his post,
Confidential
remove s.o. from office V to stop, halt, come to a stop, put in a stop, stop
over; to come to a standstill; to stand still; to reach a deadlock (fig., of
negotiations, and the like); to pause (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬in an activity), suspend, interrupt
(‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); to stop, quit (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th., doing s.th.), discontinue (‫ ﻋﻦ‬s.th.); to desist,
refrain, abstain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to waver, be undecided, hesitate (‫ ﰲ‬in s.th.); to

depend, be dependent, conditional (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬on); to rest, be based (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬on), be
due (‫ ﻋﻠﻲ‬to); to consist (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬in) VI to fight each other; to meet in battle X to
ask (‫ ه‬s.o.) to stop; to bring to a stop, to stop, halt, hold up, detain, check,
impede, obstruct, trammel, hamper, slow down (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫـ‬s.o., s.th.), stunt, arrest
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to give s.o. (‫ )ه‬pause; to call on a vessel (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬to stop; to try to hold
or retain; to hold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; fig.) | ‫( اﺳـﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻧﻈـﺮﻩ‬naẓarahū) to catch s.o.’s eye,
arouse s.o.’s attention; ‫اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ‬ ‫ اﺳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬to arrest the attention
‫ وﻗﻒ‬waqf stopping, stop; halting, halt; discontinuation, suspensions, stay,
standstill; pausing, resting; stagnation, dullness, listlessness (of the market);
pause (gram.); checking, restraining, prevention; interruption, hitch,
impediment, obstacle, obstruction; suspension from duty, removal from
office, discharge, dismissal; blocking (of all account), stoppage (of salaries);
1770
-- (pl. ‫اوﻗــﺎف‬ auqāf) religious endowment, wakf, “habeus” (Isl. Law);

endowment (in general), endowment fund; unalienable property | ‫ﻛـﺎن وﻗﻔـﺎ‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻲ‬waqfan) to be completely dependent on; ‫ وﻗﻔﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‬restricted to; ‫وﻗﻒ اﻫﻠﻲ‬
(ahlī), ‫وﻗـﻒ ﺧـﺎص‬ (kāṣṣ) or (ir.) ‫وﻗـﻒ ذرﻳـﺔ‬ w. durrīya family endowment,
private will, estate in mortmain entailed in such a manner that its proceeds
will accrue to the members of the donor’s family, and, after the death of its
last descendent, go to a charitable purpose; ‫ﺧـﲑي‬ ‫( وﻗـﻒ‬kairī), (tun.) ‫وﻗـﻒ ﻋـﺎم‬
(‘āmm) public endowment, endowment, set apart for a charitable or
religious purpose, public wakf; ‫ ﻇـﺮ اﻟﻮﻗـﻒ‬nāẓir al-w. administrator of all
endowment, trustee, curator; ‫ اﻷوﻗـﺎف‬the wakf system, estates in mortmain;
‫ وزارة اﻷوﻗـﺎف‬the ministry entrusted with government supervision of estates in

mortmain, will ministry; ‫ وﻗـﻒ اﻃـﻼق اﻟﻨـﺎر‬w. iṭlāq an-nār cease-fire (mil.);
‫ وﻗـﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴــﺬ‬stay of execution (jur.); ‫( اﻛــﻞ ﺧﺒـﺰ اﻟﻮﻗــﻒ‬kubza l-w.) to have
independent means of subsistence, have a sinecure
‫ وﻗﻔـﻲ‬waqfī of or pertaining to endowments or the wakf system, wakf- (in
Confidential
compounds)
‫ وﻗﻔﻴــﺔ‬waqfīya wakf system, endowment system; list of religious
endowments, of the estates in mortmain; original charter of a wakf
‫ وﻗﻔـﺔ‬waqfa (n. vic.) pl. -āt standing, stand, stance; position, posture; halt,
stop; pause; 0 period, full stop (punctuation mark); station, way station,
specif. that on Mount ‘Arafāt during the Pilgrimage; attitude, stand, policy;
eve of a religious festival, also ‫اﻟﺼـﻐﲑ‬ ‫ ﻳـﻮم اﻟﻮﻗﻔـﺔ | وﻗﻔـﺔ اﻟﻌﻴـﺪ‬w. al-‘īd aṣ-ṣagīr
the day preceding ‘īd al-fiṭr, the Feast of Breaking the Ramadan Fast on the
last day of Shawwal; ‫اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫( وﻗﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﺪ‬kabīr) the day preceding ‘īd al-aḍḥā the
Feast of Immolation on the 10th day of Zu’lhijja
‫ وﻗﺎف‬waqqāf overseer, supervisor, warden, keeper
‫ وﻗـﻮف‬wuqūf stopping, stop; halting, halt; standing; stand, stance; (with
‫ﻋﻠـﻲ‬:) study, pursuit, occupation (with), search, inquiry (into), investigation,
cognizance, knowledge, understanding, comprehension; (Isl. Law) abeyance
of rights; pl. of ‫ واﻗﻒ‬wāqif standing
‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬mauqif pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻗﻒ‬mawāqif2 stopping place; station; (cab, etc.) stand;
(bus, train, etc.) stop; parking lot, parking place; stopover, stop; place, site;
scene, scenery; position, posture; situation; attitude; stand, position, opinion
| ‫ﻣﻮﻗــﻒ ﺣــﺮﰊ‬ (ḥarbī) strategic situation; ‫ﻣﻮﻗــﻒ ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﻲ‬ (siyāsī) political
1771
situation;‫‘( ﻣﻮﻗـﻒ ﻋـﺪاﺋﻲ‬adā’ī) hostile attitude; ‫ ﻣﻬـﻴﻤﻦ اﳌﻮﻗـﻒ‬muhaimin al-m.

master of the situation; ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ‬his attitude toward, his stand with regard to
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ‬tauqīf raising, setting up, erection; apprehension, detention, seizure,
arrest; parking
‫ اﻳﻘـﺎف‬īqāf raising, setting up, erection; apprehension, detention, seizure,
arrest; stopping, halting, checking, arresting, stunting, trammeling,
hampering, impeding, obstruction; stoppage, suspension (e.g., of work);
interruption, discontinuation; postponement, deferment, delay, stay, arrest;
removal from office, suspension from duty; notice, notification | ‫اﻳﻘـﺎف‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬stay of execution (jur.); ‫ اﻳﻘﺎف اﳊﻜﻢ‬i. al-ḥukm arrest of judgment
(jur.); ‫ اﻳﻘـﺎف اﻟـﺪﻋﻮى‬ī. ad-da‘wā stay of proceedings (jur.); ‫ اﻳﻘـﺎف اﻟـﺪﻓﻊ‬ī.
ad-daf‘ delay of payment, respite, moratorium; ‫اﻳﻘــﺎف اﻟﻌﻤــﻞ‬ ī. al-‘amal

suspension of work
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬tawaqquf halt, cessation, standstill; pause; stopover, stop (also. of an
airplane); hesitation, wavering; dependence (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on) | ‫اﻟـﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻗـﻒ ﻋـﻦ‬ (daf‘)
suspension of payment (jur.)
Confidential
‫ واﻗـﻒ‬wāqif stopping, baiting, coming to a stop; standing still, motionless,
at rest; standing; upright, erect; acquainted, familiar (‫ ﻋﻠــﻲ‬with s.th.);
bystander, spectator, onlooker (during a street scene); wakif, donor of a
wakf | ‫اﻟﻮاﻗـﻒ‬ ‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬instantly, on the spot, right away, at once; ‫ ﻫـﺐ واﻗﻔـﺎ‬habba
wāqifan to get on one’s feet, get up, stand up, rise
‫ ﻣﻮﻗـﻮف‬mauqūf arrested, stopped; suspended; interrupted, discontinued;
delayed, postponed, deferred; apprehended, detained, arrested; person under
arrest, prisoner; suspended from duty, removed from office; entailed
through an endowment, established as a wakf; unalienable, in mortmain;
donated, granted, instituted; dedicated. devoted; designated, set apart,
reserved (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬for); dependent, conditional (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬on); based, resting (‫ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬on);
abeyant, in abeyance (rights; Isl. Law) | ‫اﳌﻮﻗــﻮف ﻋﻠﻴــﻪ‬ beneficiary or
usufructuary of a wakf; ‫اﳌﻮﻗﻮﻓـﺔ‬ ‫( اﻷراﺿـﻲ‬arāḍī) the estates in mortmain; ‫ﻻﻋـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗـﻮف‬ disqualified player (athlet.); ‫( ﻣﻮﻗـﻮف ﻗﻴـﺪ اﶈﺎﻛﻤـﺔ‬qaida l-muḥākama)
detained pending investigation. committed for trial
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬mutawaqqif dependent, conditional (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on)
‫ وﻗﻞ‬V to climb, mount
1772
1‫ وﻗ ـﻮاق‬waqwāq and ‫واﻗ ـﻮاق‬ wāqwāq in the descriptions of Arab

geographers, name of two different groups of islands (one east of China, the
other located in the Indian Ocean)
2‫ وﻗﻮق‬waqwaq cuckoo
1‫ وﻗـﻰ‬waqā ‫ ﻳﻘـﻲ‬yaqī (waqy, ‫ وﻗﺎﻳـﺔ‬wiqāya) to guard, preserve (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), take

good care (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to safeguard, shield, shelter, preserve, protect, keep (‫ﻫ ـ ه‬
s.o. from), guard (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o. against); to protect, offer or afford protection (‫ﻫ ـ‬
against); to prevent, obviate (‫ ﻫـ‬a danger) V and VIII
‫ اﺗﻘـﻰ‬ittaqā to beware, be wary (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), guard, be on one’s guard, protect
o.s. make suer (‫ ﻫ ـ‬against) | ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ اﺗﻘـﻰ‬to fear God; ‫( اﺗﻘـﻰ ﷲ ﰲ ﺣـﻖ اﻟﺸـﻲء‬ḥaqqi)
(lit.: to fear God with regard to s.th., i.e.) to spare s.th. or deal mercifully
with s.th. for fear of God, show regard for s.th. for God’s sake, make s.th. a
matter of conscience
‫ وﻗﻲ‬waqī protection; safeguard
‫ وﻗﺎء‬waqā’, wiqā‘ protection; prevention
‫ وﻗﺎﻳــﺔ‬wiqāya protection; prevention; precaution; obviation, averting;
Confidential
defense (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬against); prophylaxis (mat.) |
anti-aircraft defense; ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻐـﺎرات اﳉﻮﻳـﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻌﺪات‬mu‘addāt al-w. safety device
‫ وﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬waqqāya protective covering
(jawwīya)
‫ وﻗــﺎﺋﻲ‬wiqā’ī preventive | ‫( اﻟﻄــﺐ اﻟﻮﻗــﺎﺋﻲ‬ṭibb) preventive medicine,

prophylaxis
‫ وﻗﻲ‬waqīy protecting; protector, preserver, guardian
‫ ﺗﻘﻮى‬taqwā godliness, devoutness, piety
‫ ﺗﻘﻰ‬tuqan godliness, devoutness, piety
‫ ﺗﻘﻲ‬taqīy pl. ‫ اﺗﻘﻴﺎء‬atqiyā’ godfearing, godly, devout, pious
‫ ﺗﻘﻴـﺔ‬taqīya fear, caution, prudence; (in Shiitic Islam) dissimulation of
one’s religion (under duress or in the face of threatening damage)
‫ واق‬wāqin preserving, guarding, protecting; preventive, preservative,
prophylactic; protective; guardian, protector | ‫واق ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﺮﻳﺢ‬ (rīḥ) protecting
from the wind; ‫درع واق‬ (dir‘) protective armor; ‫ﺻـﻔﺤﺔ واﻗﻴـﺔ‬ (ṣafḥa) flyleaf;
dust cover, jacket, wrapper; ‫واﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫( ﻣﻈﻠﺔ‬miẓalla) parachute; ‫( ﻣﻌﻄﻒ واق‬mi‘ṭaf)
raincoat; ‫واق‬ ‫ ﻗﻨﺎع‬gas mask
1773
‫ واﻗﻴﺔ‬wāqiya protection, shelter, shield; a preventive, a preservative

‫ ﻣﺘﻖ‬muttaqin godfearing, godly, devout, pious
2 ‫ وﻗﻴـﺔ‬wiqīya (eg.), wuqīye (Syr.) a weight, in Eg. = 1/12 raṭl = 37 g; in
Aleppo = 320 g, in Beirut = 213.39 g, in Jerusalem = 240g
‫ وﻛـﺄ‬V and VIII ‫ اﺗﻜـﺄ‬ittaka’a to support one’s weight (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬on), lean (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
against, on); to recline (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in a chair, and the like)
‫ ﺗﻜــﺄة‬tuka’a staff; support, prop, stay; back (of a chair, etc.); idler,
lazybones
‫ ﺗﻮﻛﺆ‬tawakku’ resting, leaning, reclining
‫ اﺗﻜﺎء‬ittikā’ resting, leaning, reclining
‫ ﻣﺘﻜﺄ‬muttaka’ pl. -āt support, prop, stay; cushion, pad; sofa; couch
‫ وﻛـﺐ‬wakaba ‫ ﻳﻜـﺐ‬yakibu (wakb, ‫ وﻛـﻮب‬wukūb, ‫ وﻛﺒـﺎن‬wakabān) to walk
slowly, proceed or advance slowly III to accompany (‫ ه‬s.o.), escort (‫ ه‬s.o.,
‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to convoy, accompany as military escort (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻣﻮﻛـﺐ‬maukib pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻛـﺐ‬mawākib 2 parade, pageant; procession; mounted
Confidential
escort, retinue, cortege; triumph | ‫اﳌﺸـﺎﻋﻴﻞ‬
‫ اﳉﻨﺎزة‬m. al-janāza funeral procession
‫ ﻣﻮﻛـﺐ‬torchlight procession; ‫ﻣﻮﻛـﺐ‬
‫ ﻣﻮاﻛﺒﺔ‬muwākaba military escort, convoying, convoy duty

‫ وﻛـﺪ‬II to make fast, fasten (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to corroborate, substantiate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.);
to confirm, affirm (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to give assurance (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), assert (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) V to be
corroborated, substantiated, asserted, affirmed, confirmed; to ascertain (‫ ﻣﻦ‬a

fact), make sure, convince o.s. (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of)
‫ وﻛــﺪ‬wakd wish, desire, intention, aim, goal, end, purpose, object,
aspiration, endeavor, effort, attempt
‫ وﻛﻴﺪ‬wakīd corroborated, substantiated, confirmed; sure, certain; positive
‫ ﺗﻮﻛﻴـﺪ‬taukīd pl. -āt, ‫ ﺗﻮاﻛﻴـﺪ‬tawākīd2 confirmation; affirmation, assurance;
assertion; emphasis, stress; (gram.) intensifying apposition; pleonasm
‫ ﻣﻮﻛﺪ‬muwakkad sure, certain, definite
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﻛﺪ‬mutawakkid sure, certain, positive, convinced
1774
‫ وﻛـﺮ‬wakr pl. ‫ اوﻛـﺎر‬aukār, ‫ وﻛـﻮر‬wukūr nest, bird’s nest; aerie; habitation,

abode, retreat; O aircraft hangar | ‫اﻟﻠﺼﻮص‬ ‫ وﻛﺮ‬den of robbers
‫ وﻛﺮة‬wakra pl. ‫ وﻛﺮ‬wukar bird’s nest
‫ وﻛـﺰ‬wakaza ‫ ﻳﻜـﺰ‬yakizu (wakz) to strike with the fist (‫ ه‬s.o.); to thrust,
push, hit; to spur (‫ ﻫـ‬a horse); to pierce, transfix (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. with)
‫ وﻛـﺲ‬wakaaa ‫ ﻳﻜــﺲ‬yakisu (waks) to decline in value, depreciate; to
decrease, diminish, reduce, lower (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the value or price of); pass. wukisa to
suffer losses (in business) II to decrease, diminish, reduce, lower (‫ ﻫ ـ‬the
value of)
‫ وﻛﺲ‬waks decline, drop (of value or price); depreciation; loss | ‫غ ﻟﻮﻛﻮس‬
to sell at a loss
‫ وﻛﻊ‬waku‘a ‫ ﻳﻮﻛﻊ‬yauku‘u (‫ وﻛﺎﻋﺔ‬wakā‘a) to be hard, strong, sturdy
‫ ﻣﻴﻜﻌﺔ‬mīka‘a plowshare
‫ وﻛـﻒ‬wakafa ‫ ﻳﻜـﻒ‬yakifu (wakf, ‫ وﻛﻔـﺎن‬wakafān) to drip, trickle; to be
Confidential
defective and
leak
‫ وﻛﻒ‬wakf leaking, leak (of a ship)
‫ وﻛﻞ‬wakala ‫ ﻳﻜﻞ‬yakilu (wakl and ‫ وﻛﻮل‬wukūl) to entrust (‫ اﱃ ﻫـ‬s.th. to s.o.,
with s.th. s.o.), assign (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫اﱃ‬ s.th. to s.o.), commission, charge (‫اﱃ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.o.
with), put s.o. (‫ )اﱃ‬in charge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of) II to authorize, empower, appoint as
representative or agent (‫ ه‬s.o.); to put s.o. (‫ )ه‬in charge (‫ ب‬of) engage as
legal counsel (‫ ه‬an attorney, ‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ب‬in a matter in dispute); to invest s.o.
(‫ )ه‬with full power, give s.o. power of attorney (‫ ﰲ‬in); to entrust (‫ ب ه‬to
s.o. s.th.) III to be on a confidential basis (‫ ه‬with s.o.), be in a position of
mutual trust (‫ ه‬with s.o.); to trust (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to entrust, assign (‫ اﱃ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., a
task, to s.o.) V to be appointed as representative or agent, take over or act as
(legal) representative; to act as commissioner, as agent, or by proxy (‫ ﰲ‬in
s.th.); to take upon o.s. assume (‫ ب‬s.th.); to be responsible, answerable,
answer, vouch (‫ ب‬for), guarantee, warrant (‫ ب‬s.th.); to rely, depend (‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
on), place one’s confidence (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in), trust (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬in) | ‫ ﺗﻮﻛـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﷲ‬to trust in
1775
God, put o.s. in God’s hands VI to trust each other; to react with
indifference, be noncommital, indifferent VIII ‫ اﺗﻜـﻞ‬ittakala to rely, depend
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬on), trust (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬in)
‫ وﻛﻴـﻞ‬wakīl pl. ‫ وﻛـﻼء‬wukalā’2 authorized representative, attorney in fact,
proxy; (business) manager; head clerk; deputy, vice-; agent; trustee;
mandatary, defense counsel; attorney, lawyer; (Syr., mil.) approx.: technical
sergeant | ‫ وﻛﻴﻞ اﻷﺣﺒﺎس‬in Tunis, commissioner for estates in mortmain; ‫اﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ‬
‫( اﻟﺒـﺎﺑﻮي‬bābawī) papal legate; ‫ وﻛﻴـﻞ ﺑﻠـﻮك اﻣـﲔ‬w. bulūk amīn (1939 ‫)وﻛﻴـﻞ اﻣـﲔ‬
approx.: quartermaster corporal (mil.; Eg.); ‫ وﻛﻴﻞ اوﻧﺒﺎﺷﻲ‬w. onbāšī (1939 ‫وﻛﻴﻞ‬
‫ ﳏـﺎرب‬w. muḥārib) private first class (Eg.); ‫ وﻛﻴـﻞ ﺷـﺠﺎوﻳﺶ‬staff sergeant
(Eg.); ‫ﳎﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ وﻛﻴﻞ‬1939) ‫ وﻛﻴﻞ ﺷﺎوﻳﺶ‬,‫ وﻛﻴﻞ ﺟﺎوﻳﺶ‬w. mujāhid) sergeant; ‫وﻛﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺿـﺎﺑﻂ‬ noncommissioned officer (Tun.); company sergeant-major, master
sergeant (Syr., mil.); ‫وﻛﻴــﻞ اﳊــﻖ اﻟﻌــﺎم‬ w. al-ḥaqq al-‘āmm government
commissioner at Tunisian courts (Tun.); ‫ وﻛﻴـﻞ ﻗﻨﺼـﻞ‬w. qunṣul vice-consul;

‫ وﻛﻴﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ‬w. mudīr deputy director; ‫ وﻛﻴﻞ اﻟﻮزارة‬under-secretary of state
Confidential
‫ ﺗﻜﻠـﺔ‬tukala one who relies on others, who is incapable of attending to his
own affairs
‫ وﻛﺎﻟـﺔ‬wakāla pl. -āt representation, deputyship, proxy; full power, power
of attorney; management; agency; (Eg.) inn, caravansary, resthouse, khan |
‫وﻛﺎﻟـﺔ اﻷﻧﺒـﺎء‬ w. al-anbā’ news agency, wire service; ‫وﻛﺎﻟـﺔ اﻹﺷـﻬﺎر‬ w. al-išhār
advertising agency
‫ ﻧﻮﻛﻴــﻞ‬taukīl appointment as representative, agent, deputy, or proxy,
delegation of authority; authorization; power of attorney, full power;
warrant of attorney
‫ ﺗﻮﻛـﻞ‬tawakkul trust, confidence; trust in God; passivity of living (of the
early ascetics and mystics)
‫ ﺗﻮاﻛﻞ‬tawākul mutual confidence or trust; indifference
‫ اﺗﻜﺎل‬ittikāl trust, confidence, reliance
‫ ﻣﻮﻛﻞ‬muwakkil constituent, principle, mandator
‫ ﻣﻮﻛـﻞ‬muwakkal commissioned, charged (‫ ب‬with), in charge (‫ ب‬of),
responsible, answerable (‫ ب‬for)
‫ ﻣﺘــﻮﻛﻠﻲ‬mutawakkilī: ‫( اﳌﻤﻠﻜــﺔ اﳌﺘﻮﻛﻠﻴــﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴــﺔ‬mamlaka, yamanīya) the

Yemenite Kingdom (official designation)
1776
‫ ﻣﻮﻛﻢ‬mūkim offensive, hurting (word)

‫ وﻛـﻦ‬wacana ‫ ﻳﻜـﻦ‬yakinu (wakn, ‫ وﻛـﻮن‬wukūn) to brood, Bit on its eggs
(bird); to hatch, incubate (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬eggs)
‫ وﻛﻦ‬wakn pl. ‫ وﻛﻮن‬wukūn bird’s nest, aerie
‫ وﻛﻨﺔ‬wakna, wukna pl. wukunāt nest
‫ وﻛﻰ‬wakā ‫ ﻳﻜﻲ‬yakī to tie up (‫ ﻫـ‬a waterskin, or the like)
‫ وﻛﺎء‬wikā’ pl. ‫ اوﻛﻴﺔ‬aukiya thong or string for tying up a waterskin or bag
‫ وﰿ‬walaja ‫ ﻳﻠـﺞ‬yaliju (‫ ﳉـﺔ‬lija, ‫ وﻟـﻮج‬wulūj) to enter (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., into s.th.),
penetrate (‫ اﱃ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬into) | ‫ وﰿ اﻟﺒـﺎب‬to go in by the door IV to make (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.)
enter (‫ ﰲ‬s.th. else); to introduce, insert, interpose, intromit, interpolate,
thrust (‫ﻫـ‬ ‫ ﰲ‬s.th. into) V = I; to engage (‫ ﻫـ‬in), take upon o.s. (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ وﻟﻮج‬wulūj penetration, entering, entry
‫ وﻟﻴﺠﺔ‬walija intimate friend, confidant; secret depth (of the heart)
‫ اﻳﻼج‬ilei; insertion, intromission, interposition, interpolation, intercalation
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻮﰿ‬maulij pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﰿ‬mawālij2 entrance
‫ ﻣﻮاﱀ‬see ‫ﻣﻠﺢ‬
‫ وﻟـﺪ‬walada ‫ ﻳﻠـﺪ‬yalidu (‫ وﻻدة‬wilāda, ‫ ﻟـﺪة‬lida, ‫ ﻣﻮﻟـﺪ‬maulid) to bear (‫ ه‬a
child), give birth (‫ ه‬to); to beget, generate, procreate; to bring forth, produce
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫ﻣﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ وﻟـﺪت‬to have a child by s.o. (woman) II to assist in childbirth

(‫ ﻫـﺎ‬a woman; of a midwife); to generate, produce (‫ه‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ s.th. from); to
engender, breed, cause, occasion, (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to bring up, raise (‫ ه‬a child) IV
to make (‫ ﻫﺎ‬a woman) bear children | ‫ﻃﻔﻼ‬ ‫( اوﻟﺪﻫﺎ‬ṭiflan) he got her with child
V to be born; to be descended (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from s.o.); to be generated, produced (‫ﻣـﻦ‬
from), be brought forth, be engendered, bred, caused, occasioned (‫ ﻣﻦ‬by); to
originate, grow, develop, arise, proceed, follow, result (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬from) VI to
propagate, reproduce, multiply by generation X to want children; to want
the generation (‫ﻫـ‬‫ ﻣﻦ‬of s.th. from), want to produce (‫ ﻣﻦ ﻫـ‬s.th. from)
‫ وﻟﺪ‬walad pl. ‫ اوﻻد‬aulād, ‫ وﻟﺪ‬wuld descendant, offspring, scion; child; son;
boy; young animal, young one; (coll.) progeny, offspring, children | ‫وﻟـﺪ اﻟـﺰ‬
1777
w. az-zinā illegitimate child, bastard; ‫اﳌﻼﻋﻨـﺔ‬ ‫ وﻟـﺪ‬w. al-mulā‘ana child whose

paternity is contested by ‫ ﻟﻌﺎن‬li‘ān (q.v.) (Isl. Law)
‫ وﻟـﺪة‬walda childbirth, birth | ‫ وﻟـﺪت اﺛﻨـﲔ ﰲ وﻟـﺪة‬she gave birth to two at a
time
‫ ﻟـﺪة‬lida childbirth, birth; (pl. ‫ ﻟـﺪون‬lidūn, ‫ ﻟـﺪات‬lidāt) person of the same
age, contemporary; coetaneous
‫ وﻻدة‬wilāda parturition, childbearing, childbirth, birth, confinement,
delivery | ‫ﻣﻌﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫( وﻻدة‬mu‘ajjala) premature birth; ‫ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ اﻟـﻮﻻدة‬newborn; ‫ﻋﻠـﻢ‬
‫‘ اﻟﻮﻻدة‬ilm al-w. obstetrics (med.)
‫ وﻻدة‬wallāda frequently producing offspring, bearing many children;
fertile, prolific, fruitful
‫ وﻟﻮد‬walūd frequently producing offspring, bearing many children; fertile,
prolific, fruitful; littering, having young
‫ وﻟﻮدﻳﺔ‬wulūdīya childishness, puerility
‫ وﻟﻴـﺪ‬walīd pl. ‫ وﻟـﺪان‬wildān newborn child, baby; boy, son; young, new;
Confidential
(with foll. genit.) the product of, the result of, occasioned by, engendered
by, sprung from | ‫ﺳـﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬ ‫ وﻟﻴـﺪ‬w. sā‘atihi conceived on the spur of the moment
(idea, plan, etc.)
‫ وﻟﻴﺪة‬walīda pl. ‫ وﻻﺋﺪ‬walā’id2 newborn girl; girl; product
‫ وﻟﻴﺪ‬wulaid little child
‫ ﻣﻮﻟـﺪ‬maulid pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻟـﺪ‬mawālid2 birthplace; birthday; anniversary, birthday
of a saint (also Chr.) | ‫( اﳌﻮﻟــﺪ اﻟﻨﺒــﻮي‬nabawī), ‫ ﻣﻮﻟــﺪ اﻟﻨــﱯ‬m. an-nabīy the
prophet’s birthday; ‫ ﻟﻐﺔ اﳌﻮﻟﺪ‬lugat al-m. mother tongue, native language
‫ ﻣـﻴﻼد‬milād pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻟﻴـﺪ‬mawālīd2 birth; time of birth. nativity; birthday; pl.
‫ ﻣﻮاﻟﻴــﺪ‬age classes, age groups (recruitment, etc.) | ‫‘ ﻋﻴــﺪ اﳌــﻴﻼد‬īd al-m.
Christmas (Chr.); ‫( ﻗﺒــﻞ ﻣــﻴﻼد اﻟﺴــﻴﺪ اﳌﺴــﻴﺢ‬sayyid) or only ‫ﻗﺒــﻞ اﳌــﻴﻼد‬ before
Christ, B.C.; ‫ ﻧﻘﺼﺎن اﳌﻮاﻟﻴﺪ‬nuqṣān al-m. falling birth rate
‫ ﻣـﻴﻼدي‬mīlādī birthday- (in compounds); relating to the birth of Christ;
after Christ, A.D. | ‫ﻣﻴﻼدﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﺳﻨﺔ‬sana) year of the Christian era
‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻴــﺪ‬taulīd procreation, begetting; generation, producing, production;
midwifery, assistance at childbirth, delivery | ‫دار اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬ and ‫ﻣﺼـﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻟﻴــﺪ‬
1778
(maṣaḥḥa) maternity home; ‫ ﻓـﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬fann at-t. obstetrics, midwifery; ‫ﻣﻌﻤـﻞ‬

‫ )ﳏﻄﺔ( ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻜﻬﺮ ﺋﻴﺔ‬ma‘mal (maḥaṭṭaṭ) t. al-quwā al-kahrabā’īya electric
power station; ‫“ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﳍﻼل‬generation of the crescent”, the first appearance of
the new moon on the first day of the month
‫ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬tawallud generation, production
‫ اﺳﺘﻴﻼد‬istilād generation, production
‫ واﻟـﺪ‬wālid procreator, progenitor; father, parent; ‫ اﻟﻮاﻟـﺪان‬the parents, father
and mother
‫ واﻟﺪة‬wālida pl. -āt mother; parturient woman, woman in childbed
‫ واﻟﺪي‬wālidī paternal
‫ ﻣﻮﻟـﻮد‬maulūd produced, born, come into the world; birth; birthday; -- (pl.
‫ﻣﻮاﻟﻴــﺪ‬ mawālīd2) newborn baby, infant; child, son; pl. ‫ﻣﻮاﻟﻴــﺪ‬ creations,
novelties, nouveautés | ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ اﳌﻮاﻟﻴﺪ‬the three kingdoms of nature
‫ ﻣﻮﻟـﺪ‬muwallid generating, producing, procreative, generative; procreator,
‫ﻣﻮﻟـﺪ‬
Confidential
progenitor; obstetrician, accoucheur; -- (pl. -āt) generator (tech.) | O
‫ اﻟﺘﻴـﺎر‬m. at-tayyār or ‫( ﻣﻮﻟـﺪ ﻛﻬﺮ ﺋـﻲ‬kahrabā’ī) generator, dynamo; O ‫ﻣﻮﻟـﺪ اﻟﺘﻴـﺎر‬

‫ اﳌﺘﻨـﺎوب‬m. at-t. al-mutanāwib alternating, current generator, alternator; ‫ﻣﻮﻟـﺪ‬
‫ اﳊﻤﻮﺿﺔ‬oxygen; ‫ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ اﳌﺎء‬hydrogen; ‫( ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ذري‬darrī) atomic reactor
‫ ﻣﻮﻟﺪة‬muwallida pl. -āt midwife
‫ ﻣﻮﻟـﺪ‬muwallad born, begotten, produced, generated; brought up, raised;
born and raised among Arabs (but not of pure Arab blood); not truly old
Arabic, introduced later into the language, post-classical (esp. of words);
half-breed, half-caste, half-blood; (pl. -āt) product; pl. ‫اﳌﻮﻟــﺪون‬ the
postclassical (also, recent) Arab authors
‫ وﻟﺪﻧﺔ‬waldana childhood; childish trick, puerility
‫ وﻟـﺲ‬walasa ‫ ﻳﻠـﺲ‬yalisu (wals) to deceive, cheat, dupe (‫ ه‬s.o.) III to play
the hypocrite; to double-cross (‫ ه‬s.o.); to misrepresent, distort (‫ ب‬s.th.) IV
to misrepresent, distort (‫ ب‬s.th.)

‫ وﻟــﺲ‬wals fraud, deceit, deception; cunning, craft, double-dealing,
duplicity
‫ ﻣﻮاﻟﺴـﺔ‬muwālasa fraud, deceit, deception; cunning, craft, double-dealing,
duplicity
1779
‫ وﻟﻂ‬wall volt (el.)

‫ وﻟـﻊ‬wali‘a ‫ ﻳﻮﻟـﻊ‬yaula‘u (wala‘, ‫ وﻟـﻮع‬walū‘) to catch fire, burn; to be dead
set (‫ ب‬on), be mad (‫ ب‬after), be crazy (‫ ب‬about), be passionately fond (‫ب‬
of), be madly in love (‫ ب‬with); to glow with enthusiasm (‫ ب‬for), be
enthusiastic (‫ ب‬about) II to kindle, light (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), set fire (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to make (‫ه‬
s.o.) crave (‫ ب‬s.th.), inflame s.o.’s (‫ )ه‬desire (‫ ب‬for), enamor (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. of)
IV = II; pass. ūli‘a to be fond, enamored (‫ ب‬of s.th.), be very devoted, be
given (‫ ب‬to); to be dead set, be hell-bent (‫ ب‬on); to be in love (‫ ب‬with) V =
I
‫ وﻟﻊ‬wala‘ passionate love; ardent desire, craving; passion
‫ وﻟﻊ‬wali‘ madly in love
‫ وﻟﻮع‬walū‘ greed, craving, eager desire; love
‫ وﻻﻋﺔ‬wallā‘a (cigarette) lighter
‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻊ‬tawallu‘ passionate love; ardent desire, craving; passion
Confidential
‫ ﻣﻮﻟـﻊ‬mūla‘ in love (‫ ب‬with); dead set, hell-bent (‫ ب‬on), mad (‫ ب‬after),
crazy (‫ ب‬about); passionately fond, enamored (‫ ب‬of s.th.); enthusiastic (‫ب‬
about), full of enthusiasm (‫ ب‬for)
‫ وﻟـﻎ‬walaga ‫ ﻳﻠـﻎ‬yalagu (walg, ‫ وﻟـﻮغ‬wulūg) to lick, lap (esp., of a dog); to
defile (‫ ﰲ‬s.o.’s honor) | ‫اﻟﺪم‬ ‫( وﻟﻎ ﰲ‬dam) to taste blood, become bloodthirsty
‫ وﻟﻜـﻦ‬wa-lākin, wa-lākinna (the latter with foil. acc. or pers. suffix) but,
however, yet
‫ وﱂ‬IV to give a banquet
‫ وﱂ‬walm, walam saddle girth, cinch
‫ وﻟﻴﻤﺔ‬walīma pl. ‫ وﻻﺋﻢ‬walā’im2 banquet
‫ وﻟـﻪ‬walaha, ‫ ﻳﻠـﻪ‬yalihu, waliha ‫ ﻳﻮﻟـﻪ‬yaulahu (walah) to lose one’s head,
become mad (with love, grief, or the like), be thrown off one’s balance, go
off the deep end II and IV to make crazy, throw into utter confusion (‫ ه‬s.o.),
drive (‫ ه‬s.o.) out of his wits V = I; to be infatuated (‫ ب‬with)
‫ وﻟﻪ‬walah distraction, utter confusion, giddiness, hare-brainedness; painful
agitation; passionate love, amorous rapture
1780
‫ وﳍـﺎن‬walhān2 distracted, confused, bewildered, out of one's wits, giddy,

harebrained; passionately in love
‫ ﺗﻮﻟـﻪ‬tawalluh distraction, utter confusion, giddiness, hare-brainedness;
infatuation
‫ واﻟـﻪ‬wālih distracted, confused, bewildered, out of one’s wits, giddy,
harebrained; grief-stricken, deeply afflicted
‫ ﻣﺘﻮﻟــﻪ‬mutawallih distracted, confused, bewildered, out of one's wits,
giddy, hare-brained
‫ وﻟﻮ‬see ‫و‬
‫ وﻟﻮل‬walwala to cry “woo”; to lament, wail, howl, break into loud wails
‫ وﻟﻮﻟﺔ‬walwala pl. ‫ وﻻول‬walāwil2 wailing, wails
‫ وﱄ‬waliya ‫ ﻳﻠـﻲ‬yalī to be near s.o. or s.th. (‫ ﻫ ـ‬,‫)ه‬, be close (‫ ه‬,‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), lie
next (‫ ﻫـ‬to); to adjoin (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), be adjacent (‫ ﻫـ‬to); to follow (‫ه‬ ,‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o., s.th.);
to border (‫ ﻫ ـ‬on); -- (‫ وﻻء‬walā’, ‫ وﻻﻳـﺔ‬walāya) to be a friend (‫ ه‬of s.o.), be
friends (‫ ه‬with); -- (‫ وﻻﻳـﺔ‬walāya, wilāya) to be in charge (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.),
manage, run, administer, govern, rule (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.), have power, authority,
Confidential
or the command (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬over) | ‫ﻳﻠـﻲ‬
as follows, like this; ‫ﻳﻠـﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﺎ‬the following, what follows; ‫ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻳﻠـﻲ‬
‫ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ‬in what follows, in the following, in the sequel;
‫( ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻠـﻲ اﻟﺒـﺪن ﻣـﻦ اﳌﻼﺑـﺲ‬badana) the underwear, the underclothes; ‫ﻏﺮﻓـﺔ ﺗﻠـﻲ‬
‫( اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬gurfa, saqf) a chamber under the roof; ‫( وﱃ اﳊﻜـﻢ‬ḥukma) to take over
the government, come into power II to turn (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬to or toward s.o. s.th., e.g.,
the back, the face of s.th.); to turn away (‫ ﻋﻦ‬or ‫ ه‬from s.th.), avoid, shun (‫ﻋﻦ‬
or ‫ ه‬s.th.); to turn around, turn back, wheel around; to flee (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬from
s.th.); to pass, go by, glide away (days, years); to appoint as manager,
director, administrator, governor, or ruler (‫ ه‬s.o.); to put (‫ ه‬s.o.) in cbarge
(‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), make s.o. (‫ )ه‬the head of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to entrust (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.o. with, to s.o. s.th.),
commission, charge (‫ه‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.o. with), assign (‫ ه ﻫ ـ‬to s.o. s.th.) | ‫وﻻﻩ دﺑـﺮﻩ‬
(duburahū) or ‫ﻇﻬـﺮﻩ‬‫( وﻻﻩ‬ẓahrahū) to turn one’s back on s.o. or s.th.; ‫وﻟـﻮا ﻋﻨـﻪ‬
‫ اﻷد ر‬they turned their backs on him, they turned away from him; ‫وﱃ ﻫـﺎر‬
(hāriban) to wake to flight, run away; ‫( وﱃ وﺟﻬـﻪ‬wajhahū) to turn, face (‫ﻫ ـ‬
toward) III to be a friend. a helper, a supporter, a patron, a protector; to help,
1781
aid, assist (‫ ه‬s.o.); to do constantly, incessantly (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.); to continue without

interruption (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., to do s.th.). go about s.th. (‫ )ﻫـ ـ‬successively,
systematically; to pursue, practice, cultivate (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th., e.g., arts); to follow
immediately (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.; time), be subsequent (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to) IV to bring close (‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬to
s.o. a.th.); to turn (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬toward s.o. one’s back. or the like); to commit (‫ﻫ ـ ه‬
to s.o. the care or responsibility for), entrust, commission, charge (‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬s.o.
with); to do, render (‫ ﻫـ ه‬s.o. a favor); to do (‫ ﻫـ ه‬to s.o. s.th. harmful), bring
(‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ه‬ upon s.o. s.th.); to display, evince (‫ه‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ toward. s.o. s.th., e.g.,
indifference) | ‫ﺛﻘﺘـﻪ‬
‫( اوﻻﻩ‬tiqatahū) to have confidence in s.o.; ‫ اوﻻﻩ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓـﺎ‬to do
s.o. a favor V to occupy, fill, hold (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an office), be entrusted (‫ ﻫ ـ‬with), be in
charge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to take possession, take charge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of), take over, take upon
o.s., undertake, take in hand (‫ ﻫ ـ‬an affair), attend (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to take care (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of),
see (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to s.th.), arrange (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for s.th.); to assume the responsibility (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for),
Confidential
seize control (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to take over the government, come into power; to turn
away, desist, refrain (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from), forgo (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬s.th.) | ‫اﳊﻜـﻢ‬

power, hold supreme power; to seize power; ‫اﻟﻴـﺄس‬
‫( ﺗـﻮاﱃ‬ḥukma) to be in
‫( ﺗﻮﻻﻩ‬ya’su) he was seized
(or overcome) by despair VI to follow in succession, without interruption; to
come continually (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to), arrive constantly (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬at); to progress, continue
(e.g., an advance, a march) X to possess o.s., take possession (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬of), seize

(‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.), make 0.s. muter or (‫ ;)ﻋﻠـﻰ‬to receive as one’s own, take over,
capture, confiscate, requisition, occupy (‫ ﻋﻠــﻰ‬s.th.); to overpower,
overwhelm, overcome (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.); to take prisoner, capture (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬s.o.)
‫ وﱃ‬walīy near, nearby; neighboring, adjacent; close; -- (pl. ‫ اوﻟﻴـﺎء‬auliyā’2)
helper, supporter, benefactor, sponsor; friend, close associate; relative;
patron, protector; legal guardian. curator, tutor; a man close to God, holy
man, saint (in the popular religion of Islam); master; proprietor, possessor,
owner | ‫ وﱄ ﷲ‬the friend of God; ‫ وﱄ اﻷﻣـﺮ‬w. al-a. the responsible manager,
the man in charge; ruler; tutor, legal guardian; ‫ وﱄ‬w. ad-dam avenger of
blood, executor of a blood feud; ‫اﻟﺴﺠﺎدة‬ ‫ وﱄ‬w. as-sajāda title of the leader of
1782
a Sufi order in his capacity of inheritor of the founder’s prayer rug; ‫اﻟﻌﻬـﺪ‬ ‫وﱄ‬
w. al-‘ahd successor to the throne, heir apparent, crown prince; ‫ وﱄ اﻟﻨﻌﻤـﺔ‬w.
an-ni‘ma benefactor
‫ وﻟﻴﺔ‬walīya holy woman, saint; woman, lady
‫ وﻻء‬walā’ friendship, amity; benevolence, good will; fidelity, fealty,
allegiance; devotion, loyalty; clientage (Isl. Law) | ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻫـﺪة اﻟـﻮﻻء‬mu‘āhadat
w. treaty of friendship
‫ وﻻﺋﻲ‬walā’ī friendly, amicable, of friendship
‫ وﻻﻳـﺔ‬wilāya sovereign power, sovereignty; rule, government; -- (pl. -āt)
administrative district headed by a vali, vilayet (formerly, under the
Ottoman Empire), province; state | ‫اﻟـﻮﻻ ت اﳌﺘﺤـﺪة‬ (muttaḥida) the United
States; ‫ وﻻﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻬﺪ‬w. al-‘ahd succession to the throne; -- walāya guardianship,
curatorship; legal power; friendship | ‫واﺣـﺪة‬ ‫ ﻫـﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ وﻻﻳـﺔ‬they stick together,
they assist each other
‫ اوﱃ‬aulā more entitled (‫ ب‬to); worthier, more deserving; more
Confidential
appropriate, better suited (‫ ب‬for), more suitable, more adequate (‫ ب‬to); see
also under ‫اول | ﻷوﱃ‬
reason, the more so; ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬
or ‫ﻣـﻦ ب اﻷوﱃ‬ with greater reason, all the more
‫ ﻫﻲ أوﱃ ﺑﻪ‬it is more natural for her than for him, it is

for her rather than for him, she is more entitled to it than he is
‫ أوﻟﻮﻳﺔ‬aulawīya priority; precedence
‫ ﻣـﻮﱃ‬maulan pl. ‫ ﻣـﻮال‬mawālin master, lord; protector, patron; client;
charge; mend, companion, associate; ‫ اﳌﻮﱃ‬the Lord, God; ‫ ﻣﻮﻻى‬maulāya and
‫ ﻣﻮﻻ‬maulānā form of address to a sovereign
‫ ﻣﻮﻻة‬maulāh mistress, lady
‫ ﻣﻮﻟﻮى‬maulawī pl. īya a dervish of the order of Maula Jalāl-ud-din Rumi
‫ ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﺎ‬mawāliyā see 2‫ ﻣﻮال‬mawwāl
‫ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺔ‬tauliya appointment (as vali, to an executive position, as successor);
resale at cost price (Isl. Law)
‫ وﻻء‬wilā’ succession, sequence, series, continuation; ‫ وﻻء‬wilā’an or ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ وﻻء‬successively, uninterruptedly
‫ ﻣـﻮاﻻة‬muwālāh friendship; contract of clientage (Isl. Law); constancy,
incessancy, continuance (of an action)
1783
‫ اﻳـﻼء‬īlā’ annulment of a marriage after the husband’s sworn testimony to

have refrained from marital intercourse for a period of at least four months
(Isl. Law)
‫ ﺗـﻮل‬tawallin entrance office, taking over of an office to management,
direction, administration, government
‫ ﺗﻮال‬tawālin continuous succession, uninterrupted sequence, continuation |
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘـﻮاﱄ‬ continuously, without interruption; successively, consecutively,
one after the other, one by one; ‫( ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺗـﻮاﱄ اﻷ م‬t. l-ayyām) in the course of
time; ‫اﻟﺴﻨﲔ‬ ‫ ﺑﺘﻮﱄ‬bi-t. s-sinīn with the years, in time, as time goes on
‫ اﺳﺘﻴﻼء‬istīlā’ appropriation; seizure, taking possession; capture, conquest
‫ وال‬wālin pl. ‫ وﻻة‬wulāh leading, managing, executive, administrative;
ruler; governor, vali; prefect (administrative officer, Mor.) | ‫وﻻة اﻷﻣـﻮر‬ the
leading personalities, the leaders
‫ ﻣـﻮال‬muwālin mend, helper, supporter; client, feudal tenant, vassal,
dependent, partisan, follower, adherent
‫ ﻣﻮاﻟﻴﺔ‬muwāliya clientage, clientele, following, adherence
Confidential
‫ ﻣﺘـﻮال‬mutawālin entrusted, commissioned, in charge | ‫( ﻣﺘـﻮﱄ اﻷﻋﻤـﺎل‬ir.)
chargé d’affaires
‫ ﻣﺘـﻮال‬mutawālin successive, consecutive, uninterrupted, incessant; -- (pl.
‫ ﻣﺘﺎوﻟﺔ‬matāwila) member of the Shiite sect of Metualis in Syria
‫ وﻣـﺄ‬IV to motion, signal, beckon, make a sign; to point out, indicate (‫اﱃ‬
s.th.), point (‫ اﱃ‬to); to make a gesture
‫ اﳝــﺎء‬īmā’ mimic action, gestures, gesticulations | ‫ ﻓــﻦ اﻹﳝــﺎء‬fann al-ī.
pantomime, dumb show (as an art); ‫اﱃ‬ ‫ إﳝﺎء‬īmā’an ilā with reference to
‫ إﳝﺎءة‬imā’a pl. -āt gesture; nod
‫ ﻣﻮﻣﺄ‬mūma’: ‫ اﳌﻮﻣﺄ اﻟﻴﻪ‬the one referred to, the above-mentioned
‫ وﻣﺪ‬wamid sultry, muggy
‫ وﻣـﺲ‬wamasa ‫ ﳝـﺲ‬yamisu (wams) to rub off; to smooth, polish (‫ ب ﻫ ـ‬s.th.
with)
‫ ﻣﻮﻣﺲ‬mūmis and ‫ ﻣﻮﻣﺴﺔ‬mūmisa pl. –āt prostitute
1784
‫ وﻣﺾ‬wamaḍa ‫ ﳝﺾ‬yamiḍu (wamḍ, ‫ وﻣﻴﺾ‬wamīḍ, ‫ وﻣﻀﺎن‬wamaḍān) to flash

IV to glance furtively; to wink (‫ ه‬at s.o.)
‫ وﻣﻀـﺔ‬wamḍa (n. vic.) pl. -āt blink, blinking; gleam of light; reflection of
light
‫ وﻣﻴﺾ‬wamīḍ blinking, sparkle, twinkle
‫ وﻣﻖ‬wamiqa ‫ ﳝﻖ‬yamiqu (wamq) to love tenderly (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻣﻮﻣﺎة‬maumāh, ‫ ﻣﻮﻣﺎء‬maumā’ pl. ‫ ﻣﻮام‬mawāmin desert
‫ ون‬wanna i (wann) to buzz, hum (bee)
‫ اﻟﻮﻧﺪل‬al-wandal the Vandals
‫( وﻧـﺶ‬Engl. winch) winš pl. -āt, ‫ أو ش‬aunāš winch; crane, derrick | ‫وﻧـﺶ‬
‫( دوار‬dawwār) derrick crane; ‫ وﻧـﺶ ﻋـﺎﺋﻢ‬floating crane; ‫( وﻧـﺶ ﻟﻴـﺪ‬yad) hand
winch
‫ وﱏ‬wanā ‫ ﻳـﲏ‬yanī, waniya ‫ ﻳـﻮﱏ‬yaunā (‫ وﱏ‬wany, wanan, wanīy, ‫ و ء‬winā’)
to be or become faint, weak, tired, dispirited, despondent, sapless, effete,
lose vigor, flag, languish | ‫ﻻ ﻳـﲏ‬ (with foll. imperf.) not to tire (of doing
Confidential
s.th.); ‫ﻻ ﺗﲏ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬ bi-himmatin lā tani with unflagging zeal II to be slow, slack,
lax, negligent, remiss (‫ ﰲ‬in some work) VI to flag, languish, relax, slacken;
to be or become slack, limp, flabby; to hesitate, waver, temporize (‫ ﰲ‬in),
wait (‫ ﰲ‬with)
‫ وﱏ‬wanan slackening, relaxation; slackness; weakness, languor, lassitude
‫ و ء‬wanā’ slackening, relaxation; slackness; weakness, languor, lassitude
‫ ﺗـﻮان‬tawānin tiring, flagging; slowness; flabbiness, limpness; negligence,
indifference
‫ وان‬wānin weak, feeble, spent, exhausted | ‫ ﻏـﲑ وان‬unremitting, untiring,
unflagging
‫ ﻣﺘـﻮان‬mutawānin weak, languid, slack, limp, flabby; negligent, remiss,
slow, tardy
‫ وﻫﺐ‬wahaba ‫ ﻳﻬﺐ‬yahabu (wahb) to give, donate (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه ﻫـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to
grant, accord (‫ ل‬or ‫ه‬ ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to s.o.); to present (‫ ل‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ ه‬with s.th. s.o.); to
endow (‫ ل‬or ‫ ه‬s.o., ‫ ﻫ ـ‬with) | ‫ وﻫﺒﺘــﻪ ﻣــﻦ ذات ﻧﻔﺴــﻬﺎ‬she gave herself
unreservedly to him; ‫ ﻫـﺐ‬hab suppose that ..., assuming that ...; ‫ﻫﺒـﲏ ﻓﻌﻠـﺖ‬
1785
habnī fa’altu suppose I had done it; ‫( ﻫﺒـﲏ – ﻫﺒـﲏ‬with foll. acc.) suppose I
were -- or I were; ‫( وﻟﻨﻬﺐ‬wal-nahab) let us suppose that ...
‫ ﻫﺒـﺔ‬hiba pl. -āt gift, present, donation, grant | ‫‘ ﻋﻘـﺪ اﳍﺒـﺔ‬aqd al-h. deed of
gift
‫ وﻫﺒﺔ‬wahba tip, gratuity
‫ وﻫﺎﰊ‬wahhābī Wahabite; Wahabi
‫ اﻟﻮﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬al-wahhābīya Wahabiism
‫ ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺔ‬mauhiba pl. ‫ ﻣﻮاﻫﺐ‬mawtāhib2 gift; talent
‫ اﻳﻬﺎب‬īhāb donation, grant(ing)
‫ واﻫﺐ‬wāhib giver, donor
‫ ﻣﻮﻫﻮب‬mauhūb given, granted; gifted; talented; ‫ ﻣﻮﻫﻮب ﻟﻪ‬recipient of a gift
or grant, donée
‫ وﻫﺞ‬wahaja ‫ ﻳﻬﺞ‬yahiju (wahj, ‫ وﻫﺠﺎن‬wahajān) to glow, burn, blaze, flame;
to be incandescent; to gleam, glitter, glisten IV to light, kindle (‫ ﻫـ‬the fire) V
to glow, burn, blaze, flame; to be incandescent; to gleam, glitter, glisten; to
Confidential
flicker (eyes)
‫ وﻫﺞ‬wahaj blaze, fire; white heat, incandescence; glare of the sun
‫ وﻫــﺎج‬wahhāj glowing; white-hot, incandescent; blazing; sparkling,
flashing; brilliant, radiant | ‫( ﻧـﻮر وﻫـﺎج‬nūr) glaring light; ‫( ذﻫـﺐ وﻫـﺎج‬dahab)
glittering gold
‫ وﻫﻴﺞ‬wahīj blaze, fire; white heat, incandescence; glare of the sun
‫ وﻫﺠﺎن‬wahajān fire, blaze; glow
‫ وﻫﺪ‬II to level, even, prepare (‫ ﻫـ ل‬s.th. for)
‫ وﻫﺪ‬wahd lowland, low ground, depression
‫ وﻫــﺪة‬wahda pl. ‫ وﻫــﺎد‬wihād, ‫ وﻫــﺪ‬wuhad depression, lowland; abyss,
precipice, chasm, deep pit, gorge, ravine; lowness, low level (of morals)
‫ اوﻫﺪ‬auhad2 low, depressed, low-lying (land)
‫ وﻫﺮ‬wahara ‫ ﻳﻬﺮ‬yahiru (wahr) to involve in difficulties (‫ ه‬s.o.); to frighten,
scare (‫ ه‬s.o.) II do.; to put out, disconcert, confuse (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ وﻫﺮة‬wahra terror, fright, fear, alarm, dismay, consternation
‫ وﻫﺮان‬wahrān2 Oran (seaport in NW Algeria)
1786
‫ وﻫﻖ‬wahq, wahaq pl. ‫ اوﻫﺎق‬awhāq lasso

‫ وﻫـﻞ‬wahila ‫ ﻳﻮﻫـﻞ‬yauhalu (wahal) to be frightened, appalled, dismayed; to
take alarm II to frighten, scare, intimidate, cow (‫ ه‬s.o.), strike terror to s.o.’s
heart (‫)ه‬
‫ وﻫﻞ‬wahal terror, fright, fear, alarm, dismay, consternation
‫ وﻫﻠـﺔ‬wahla fright, terror; moment, instant | ‫ ﻷول وﻫﻠـﺔ‬li-awwali wahlatin at
first sight; right away, at once; ‫اﻷوﱃ‬ ‫( ﰲ اﻟﻮﻫﻠﺔ‬ūlā) at first, first off
‫ وﻫــﻢ‬wahama ‫ ﻳﻬــﻢ‬yahimu (wahm) to imagine, fancy, think, believe,
suppose, presume, guess, surmise; to misconstrue, misinterpret (‫ ﰲ‬s.th.),
have a wrong idea or notion (‫ ﰲ‬of); -- wahima ‫ ﻳـﻮﻫﻢ‬yauhamu (waham) to
make a mistake, be mistaken (‫ ﰲ‬in, about) II and IV to instill a delusion, a
prejudice, a groundless fear (‫ ه‬in s.o.); to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) believe (‫ ان‬that),
make as if V to have a presentiment (‫ ﻫـ‬of), suspect, presume, imagine (‫ ه‬the
Confidential
existence of), be under the delusion (‫ ﻫ ـ‬of); to think, believe (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th. else), regard (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th. as), take (‫ﻫ ـ‬ ‫ﻫـ‬ s.th. for) VIII
suspect (‫ ه‬s.o.); to question, doubt (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a fact), have doubts (‫ ﻫ ـ‬about); to

charge (‫ه‬
‫ا ـﻢ‬
‫ ب‬s.o. with), impute (‫ ب ه‬to s.o. s.th.), suspect, accuse (‫ ب ه‬s.o.

‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th. to he
ittahama to
of), indict (‫ه‬ ‫ ب‬s.o. for)

‫ ﻤﺔ‬tuhma accusation, charge; suspicion; insinuation
‫ وﻫـﻢ‬wahm pl. ‫ اوﻫـﺎم‬auhām delusive imagination, erroneous impression,
fancy, delusion; belief, guess, surmise, conjecture; imagination; bias,
prejudice; error; self-deception, self-delusion; illusion; suspicion, misgiving,
doubt; foreboding, evil presentiment
‫ وﳘـﻲ‬wahmī thought, believed, imagined, fancied; imaginary; seeming,
apparent; presumed, supposed, hypothetical; delusive | ‫اﻣـﺮاض ﻧﻔﺴــﻴﺔ ووﳘﻴــﺔ‬
(nafsīya, wahmīya) emotional disturbances, psychic disorders
‫ وﳘﻴـﺔ‬wahmiya chimera, phantom, delusion; guess. surmise, conjecture,
supposition, belief; imaginative power, imagination
‫ اﻳﻬــﺎم‬īhām pl. -āt deception, deceit, fraud, imposition; misleading,
delusion; suggestion | ‫اﻹﻳﻬﺎم‬ ‫ رﻓﻊ‬raf‘ al-ī. Rectification, correction
1787
‫ ﺗﻮﻫﻢ‬tawahhum suspicion; imaginative power; imagination

‫ ا ـﺎم‬ittihām suspecting; accusation, charge; indictment | ‫ داﺋـﺮة اﻻ ـﺎم‬the
prosecuting authority, the prosecution; ‫ﻗـﺮارﻻ ا ـﺎم‬ qarār al-itt. information
(jur.); ‫ﺎم‬ ‫ ورﻗﺔ اﻻ‬waraqat al-itt. bill of indictment
‫ ا ﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ittihāmīya (jur.) indictment | ‫ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻻ ﺎﻣﻴـﺔ‬hai’at al-itt. the prosecuting
authority, the prosecution
‫ واﳘﺔ‬wāhima fantasy, imagination, imaginative power
‫ ﻣﻮﻫﻮم‬mauhūm fancied, imagined, imaginary; fantastic
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬muttahim accuser; indictor; prosecutor
‫ ﻣــﺘﻬﻢ‬muttaham suspected, suspicious; accused, charged; indicted;
defendant | ‫اﳌﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﻬﻢ‬m. al-manẓar auspicious-looking
‫ وﻫـﻦ‬wahana, wahina ‫ ﻳﻬـﻦ‬yahinu, wahuna ‫ ﻳـﻮﻫﻦ‬yauhunu (wahn, wahan) to
be weak, feeble, lack the strength (‫ ﰲ‬for), be incapable (‫ ﰲ‬of); to grow
feeble, languish, flag; to loose vigor or courage | ‫ﻳﻬـﻦ‬
‫ ﻻ‬untiring, unflagging,
Confidential
inexhaustible II to weaken, enfeeble (‫ ه‬s.o.), sap the strength (‫ ه‬of so.); to
discourage, dishearten, wear down, unnerve (‫ ه‬s.o.); to deem or declare (‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.) weak IV to weaken (‫ ه‬s.o.); to discourage (‫ ه‬s.o.)

‫ وﻫﻦ‬wahn weak, feeble
‫ وﻫﻦ‬wahn, wahan weakness, feebleness, saplessness
‫ وﻫﲔ‬wahīn foreman, overseer
‫ ﻣﻮﻫﻦ‬mauhin deep of the night
‫ واﻫﻦ‬wāhin pl. ‫ وﻫﻦ‬wuhun weak, feeble; weakened, debilitated; enervated,
unnerved; sapless, effete, spent, dispirited, despondent
1‫ وﻫـﻰ‬wahā ‫ ﻳﻬـﻲ‬yahī (wahy), wahiya (wahan) to be weak, feeble, frail,
fragile IV to weaken, sap (‫ﻣﻦ‬ ,‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ واﻩ‬wāhin pl. ‫ وﻫـﺎة‬wuhāh weak, feeble; thin; frail, fragile, brittle, friable;
flimsy; unsubstantial, inessential, insignificant, trivial; untenable,
unfounded, baseless, groundless (excuse, argument)
2‫واﻫﺎ‬ ,‫ واﻩ‬look up alphabetically
‫ وي‬wai woe! shame!
1788
‫ وﻳﺒﺔ‬waiba pl. -āt whiba, a dry measure (Eg. = 33 l)

1‫ وﻳــﺢ‬waiḥa (with foll. genit. or pers. suffix) alas ...! woe unto ...!
(expressing regret, disapproval); ‫ وﳛـﻚ‬waiḥaka woe unto you! ‫ل‬ ‫ وﳛـﺎ‬waiḥan

li woe to ...!
2‫ واﺣﺔ‬wāḥa pl. -āt oasis
‫( وﻳﺮﻛـﻮ‬Turk. vergi) wērkō tribute formerly paid by Egypt to the Sultan;
excise tax;
(Pal.) real-estate tax
‫ وﻳﺴﻜﻰ‬wiskī whiskey
1‫ وﻳﻚ‬waika (= wailaka) woe unto you!
2‫( وﻳﻜـﺔ‬eg.) wēka = ‫ﻣﻴـﺎ‬ bāmiya okra, gumbo (Abelmoschus esculentus;

bot.)
‫ وﻳـﻞ‬wail affliction, distress, woe; (with ‫ ل‬or ‫ وﻳـﻞ‬waila with pers. suffix)
woe! ‫ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ وﻳﻞ‬wailun laka or ‫ وﻳﻠﻚ‬wailaka woe unto you!
‫ وﻳﻠـﻪ‬waila pl. -āt calamity, disaster, distress, affliction, woe, misfortune,
adversity
Confidential
1789
‫ي‬
yā (vocative and exclamatory particle) O, oh | ‫ﺣﺴـﺮﰐ‬ (ḥasratī) oh, my
misfortune! ‫ﺳــﻼم‬ (salām) good Lord! good heavens! oh dear! ‫ﻃﺎﳌــﺎ‬
(ṭalamā) how often ...; how many times ...! ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻘﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺲ و‬ yā la-t-ta‘si wa-
yā la-š-šaqā’ oh, what a calamity! ‫رﺟـﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ‬ (rajulin) oh, what a man! ‫ﻣـﺎ‬
how much! how many! how often I how many times! ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ... (lillāhi)
what a calamity is ...! how unfortunate is ...! ‫ ﺗﺮى‬see ‫رأى‬
‫ ء‬yā’ name of the letter ‫ي‬
‫ اﻟﻴﺎ ن‬al-yābān Japan
‫ﱐ‬ yābānī Japanese; (pl. -ūn) a Japanese
‫ ردة‬yarda pl. -āt yard (measure of length)
‫ زرﺟﺔ‬yāzirja astrology
‫ زرﺟﻲ‬yāzirjī pl. -īya astrologer
‫ ﻳـﺌﺲ‬ya’isa a i (‫ س‬ya’s, ‫ ﺳـﺔ‬ya’āsa) to renounce, forgo (‫ ﻣـﻦ‬s.th.); to give
Confidential
up all hope (‫ ﻣﻦ‬of) IV to make (‫ ه‬s.o.) renounce or forgo; to deprive of hope
(‫ ه‬s.o.) X = I
‫ س‬ya’s renunciation, resignation; hopelessness, desperation | ‫ﺳـﻦ اﻟﻴـﺄس‬

sinn al-y. the climacteric
‫ ﻳﺆوس‬ya’ūs in despair, despairing; hopeless, desperate
‫ ﻳﺌﺲ‬ya’is hopeless, desperate (person)
‫ ﻣﻴﺆوس‬mai’ūs: ‫ ﻣﻴﺆوس ﻣﻨﻪ‬lost, desperate (cause)
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻴﺌﺲ‬mustai’is hopeless, desperate, (person)
‫ ﲰﲔ‬yāsamīn jasmine (bot.)
‫ ﺳﻨﺖ‬yāsint hyacinth (bot.)
‫ ﻃﺎش‬yāṭāš: ‫ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻴﺎﻃﺎش‬kidma bi-l-y. (tun.) piecework, jobwork
‫ ﻓﺎ‬yāfā Jaffa (seaport in SW Palestine)
‫ ﻓﻄﺔ‬yafṭa, yāfiṭa sign, signboard, plaque, name plate, doorplate
‫ ﻗﺔ‬yāqa pl. -āt collar
1790
‫ ﻗـﻮت‬yāqūt (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. ‫ ﻳﻮاﻗﻴـﺖ‬yawāqīt2 hyacinth (bot.); hyacinth,

sapphire | ‫ﻗـﻮت اﲪـﺮ‬ (aḥmar) ruby; ‫ﻗـﻮت اﺣﻀـﺮ‬ (akdar) green corundum;
‫ﻗﻮت ﲨﺮي‬ (jamrī) carbuncle
‫ ﻣﻴﺶ‬yāmīš dried fruits
‫ ﻧﺴﻮن‬yānisūn anise, aniseed
‫ ور‬yāwir pl. -īya adjutant, aide-de-camp
‫ ى‬yāy pl. -āt spring, spiral spring
‫ ﻳﺒﺎب‬yabāb devastated, waste
‫ ﻳـﺒﺲ‬yabisa a (yabs, yubs) to be or become dry, to dry II and IV to make
dry, to dry (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)
‫ ﻳﺒﺲ‬yabs, yubs, yabas dryness
‫ ﻳـﺒﺲ‬yabs, yabis dried, dried out, desiccated, arid; ‫ اﻟﻴـﺒﺲ‬al-yabs the dry
land, land, terra firma
‫ ﻳﺒﻮﺳﺔ‬yubūsa dryness (also fig., e.g., of writing or speech style)
‫ ﺑـﺲ‬yābis dry, dried out, desiccated, arid; rigid, hard, firm, compact;
Confidential
‫ اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺴﺔ‬al-yābisa land, terra firma
‫ ﻳـﺘﻢ‬yatama i, yatuma u and yatima II to be or become an orphan, be
bereaved of one’s parents IV to orphan, deprive of his parents (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I
‫ ﻳﺘﻢ‬yatm, yutm, yatam orphanhood
‫ ﻳﺘــﻴﻢ‬yatīm pl. ‫ اﻳﺘــﺎم‬aitām, ‫ ﻳﺘــﺎﻣﻰ‬yatāmā orphan; unique of its kind,
unequaled, unmatched, incomparable; -- yatīm f. ‫ ة‬single, sole, one only,
isolated | ‫اﻷﻳﺘﺎم‬ ‫ ﻣﻠﺠﺄ‬malja’ al-a. and ‫ دار اﻷﻳﺘﺎم‬orphanage
‫ ﻣﻴﺘﻢ‬maitam pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﰎ‬mayātim2 orphanage
‫ ﻣﻴﺘﻢ‬muyattam orphaned, parentless; orphan
‫ ﻳﺜﺮب‬yatrib2 original name of Medina
‫ ﳛﺒﻮر‬see ‫ﺣﱪ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﺤﺎر‬mīḥār mace, scepter; crosier; bat, mallet
‫ ﳛﻤﻮر‬yaḥmūr see ‫ﲪﺮ‬
‫ ﳛﲕ‬yaḥyā John
‫ ﳜﺖ‬yakt pl. ‫ ﳜﻮت‬yukūt yacht
1791
‫ ﳜﻀﻮر‬see ‫ﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫ ﳜﻨﺔ‬yakna and ‫ ﳜﲎ‬yaknī a kind of ragout
‫ ﻳـﺪ‬yad f., pl. ‫ اﻳـﺪ‬aidin, ‫ ا د‬ayādin hand; foreleg; handle; power, control,
influenoe, authority; assistance, help, aid; (Isl. Law) (personal) possession,
actual control; benefit; favor | l. With prepositions: ‫ ﻳـﺪا ﺑﻴـﺪ‬yadan bi-yadin
personal(ly), from hand to hand; ‫ ﺑـﲔ ﻳـﺪي‬... (yadai) in front of; ‫ ﺑـﲔ ﻳﺪﻳـﻪ‬in
front of him; in his presence; in his power; ‫ ﻳـﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬bi-aidīnā or ‫ ﺑـﲔ اﻳـﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬at our
disposal; ‫( اﻟﻜﻼم ﺑﲔ اﻳﺪﻳﻜﻢ‬kalāmu) you have the floor, you may speak; ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ اﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬what … are before us or present themselves to us; ‫ ﲢـﺖ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬on hand,
handy, available; ‫ ﲢـﺖ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬under his authority, in his power; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻳـﺪ‬pl. ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫( اﻳـﺪي‬with foll. genit.) at the hand(s) of; ‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬with his help,
through his good offices; ‫اﻟﻨـﺎس‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻳـﺪي‬with the help of other people; at the
hands of other people; ‫ﰲ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬ in hand, on hand, availahle; -- 2. Construct
‫ ﻳـﺪ اﳉـﻮزاء‬y. al-jauzā’ a bright star in Orion; ‫( ﻻ اﻓﻌﻠـﻪ ﻳـﺪ اﻟـﺪﻫﺮ‬yada d-
Confidential
forms:
dahr) I shall never do it; ‫ ﻳـﺪ اﳌﻈﻠـﺔ‬y. al-miẓalla umbrella handle; ‫ﻳـﺪ اﻟﻨﻜـﺎح‬
conjugal authority (Isl. Law);‫ ذو اﻟﻴـﺪ‬powerful, influential; holder of actual

control, possessor (Isl. Law); ‫ ﺳـﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬wrist watch; ‫ ﺳـﺒﻂ اﻟﻴـﺪﻳﻦ‬sabiṭ al-y.
liberal, openhanded, generous; ‫ ﺷـﻨﻄﺔ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬šanṭat al-y. handbag; ‫ ﺷـﻐﻞ اﻟﻴـﺪ‬šugl
al-y. or ‫‘ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻴﺪ‬amal al-y. manual work; handwork; ‫ ﺻﻔﺎد اﻟﻴﺪ‬handcuff; ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻴــﺪﻳﻦ‬ ṣifr al-y. empty-handed; ‫ﻋﺮﺑــﺔ اﻟﻴــﺪ‬ ‘arabat al-y. handcart; ‫ﻗﻨﺒﻠــﺔ اﻟﻴــﺪ‬
qunbulat al-y. hand grenade; -- 3. Other phrases: ‫ﻳــﺪ ﺑﻴﻀـﺎء‬
‫ا د ﺑﻴﻀــﺎء‬ pl.
benefit, favor; skill, competence, capability, qualification, achievement; ‫ﻟﻪ ﻳﺪ‬
‫ ﺑﻴﻀـﺎء ﰲ‬to be skilled, versed, experienced in; to have the upper hand in; ‫ﻳـﺪ‬
‫( ﻣﺒﻄﻠـﺔ‬mubṭila) unrightful possession (Isl. Law); ‫( ﻳـﺪ ﳏﻘـﺔ‬muḥiqqa) rightful
possession (Isl. Law); ‫( ﺑﻘــﻲ ﻣﻜﺘــﻮف اﻷﻳــﺪي اﻣــﺎم‬baqiya) to stand helpless
before ...; ‫دق ﻳــﺪا ﺑﻴــﺪ‬ ‫ذﻫﺒـﻮا اﻳــﺪي )ا دي( ﺳــﺒﺎ‬

(daqqa) to clap one’s bands;
dahabū aidiya (ayādiya) sabā to be scattered in all directions; ‫اﺳـﺪى اﻟﻴـﻪ ﻳـﺪا‬
(asdā) to do s.o. a favor; ‫( ﺳﻘﻂ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ‬suqiṭa) to stand aghast, be embarrassed,
1792
be bewildered; ‫( اﺳـﻘﻂ ﰲ ﻳـﺪﻩ‬usqiṭa) do.; ‫( ﺷـﺪ ﻳـﺪﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬šadda yadahū) to cling

to s.th.; ‫ ﻣﺸـﻐﻮل ﻟﻴـﺪ‬or ‫ ﻣﺼـﻨﻮع ﻟﻴـﺪ‬handmade; ‫( ﻃﻠـﺐ ﻳـﺪ اﳌـﺮأة‬yada l-mar’a) to
propose to a woman, ask her hand in marriage; ‫ اﻋﻄـﺎﻩ ﺷـﻴﺌﺎ ﻋـﻦ ﻇﻬـﺮ ﻳـﺪ‬a‘ṭāhu
‘an ẓahri yadin to give s.o. s.th. for nothing, give s.o. s.th. as a present; ‫اﻟﻴـﺪ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‬labor force, labor; ‫ اﻷﻳـﺪي اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‬man power, labor, workmen, hands;
‫( ﻗﺪﻣـﻪ ﻟﻴـﺪ‬qaddamahū) to band s.th. over personally, deliver s.th. in person;
‫ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪي ﻳﺪ‬I am obliged to him (or a favor; ‫ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺪ ﰲ‬he has a hand in ...; ‫ﻟﻪ اﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫( اﻟﻄﻮﱃ ﰲ‬ṭūlā) to be powerful in, have decisive issuance on; ‫ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻳﺪ‬he
has great influence on other people, he can accomplish a great deal with
other people;‫ﻳـﺪان‬ ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﱄ ﺑـﺬﻟﻚ‬that is not in my power; ‫( ﻣـﺪ ﻳـﺪ اﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪة‬or ‫اﻟﻌـﻮن‬
or ‫)اﳌﻌﻮﻧـﺔ‬ madda yada l-musā‘ada (l-ma‘ūna, l-‘aun) to extend one’s help,
lend a helping hand; ‫ﻋﻠـﻲ‬ ‫‘( ﻫـﻢ ﻳـﺪ واﺣـﺪ‬alayya) they are in league against me;
‫( وﺿـﻊ ﻳـﺪﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬yadahū) to take possession of; ‫ ﻳـﺪﻩ ﻗﺼـﲑة‬he is incapable, his
powers are limited
Confidential
‫ﻳـﺪوي‬
‫ ﻳـﺪوي‬yadawī manual; hand- (in compounds) | ‫( ﺷـﻐﻞ ﻳـﺪوي‬šugl) or ‫ﻋﻤـﻞ‬
(‘amal) manual work; handwork;
hand-operated model (of an apparatus);

workers, labor
‫ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻳﺪوﻳــﺔ‬ handicraft;
‫‘( اﻟﻌﻤﻠـﺔ اﻟﻴـﺪوﻳﻮن‬amala)

‫ﻃـﺮاز ﻳــﺪوي‬
the manual
‫ ﻳﺮﺑﻮع‬yarbū‘ pl. ‫ ﻳﺮاﺑﻴﻊ‬yarābī‘2 jerboa (zool.)

‫ ردة‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻳﺮع‬yari‘a a (yara‘) to be a coward, be chickenhearted
‫ ﻳـﺮاع‬yarā‘ cowardly; -- (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬glowworm, firefly; cane, reed; reed
pen
‫ ﻳﺮﻗـﺎن‬yaraqān a plant disease, mildew; jaundice; (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬larvae
(zool.) | ‫اﻟﻀﻔﺎدع‬ ‫ ﻳﺮﻗﺎن‬tadpoles
‫ ﻣﲑوق‬mairūq affected by mildew, mildewy; jaundiced
‫ اﻟﲑﻣﻮك‬al-yarmūk Yarmuk river (in NW Jordan)
‫ ﻳﺰﻳﺪي‬yazīdī Yazidi, belonging to the Yazidi sect
‫ اﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪﻳــﺔ‬al-yazīdīya the religion of the Yazidis; the Yazidia or Devil
Worshipers (of Kurdistan)
1793
‫ ﻳﺰرﺟﺔ‬yazrija astrology
‫ ﻳﺰﻛﻲ‬yazakī pl. ‫ ﻳﺰك‬yazak guard, sentry
‫ زول‬yāzūl a variety of wild garlic (Allium roseum L., bot.)
‫ ﻳﺴـﺮ‬yasira a (yasar) to be or become easy; -- yasura u (yusr) to be small,
little, insignificant; to be or become easy II to level, smoothen, pave, prepare
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـ‬for s.o., s.th.); to ease, make easy, facilitate (‫ ﻫـ ﻋﻠﻰ‬for s.o. s.th.) | ‫ﻳﺴﺮ‬
‫ اﻟﺴـﺒﻴﻞ اﻣﺎﻣـﻪ ل‬to pave the way for s.o. to ..., enable s.o. to (do s.th.) III to be
lenient, indulgent, obliging, complaisant (‫ ه‬with s.o.), humor (‫ ه‬s.o.) IV to
live in easy circumstances; to be or become rich; to be lucky, fortunate; to
have an easy confinement (woman) V to become easy; to be made easy, be
facilitated; to succeed, turn out successful; to thrive, prosper; to be made
possible, be possible (‫ ل‬for s.o.) X to be easy; to succeed, be successful
‫ ﻳﺴﺮ‬yusr ease, easiness, facility ; easy, pleasant circumstances; prosperity,
affluence, wealth, abundance, luxury
‫ ﻳﺴﺮة‬yasra left aside
‫ ﻳﺴـﺎر‬yasār ease, easiness, facility; comfort; prosperity, affluence, wealth,
Confidential
abundance, luxury; left hand; left side | ‫ ﻳﺴﺎرا‬or ‫اﻟﻴﺴﺎر‬
‫ ﻳﺴﺎري‬yasārī leftist, left-wing (pol.)
‫ ﻋﻦ‬to (at, on) the left
‫ ﻳﺴﺮى‬yusrā pl. ‫ ﻳﺴﺮ ت‬yusrayāt left side; ‫ اﻟﻴﺴﺮى‬the left hand

‫ ﻳﺴﲑ‬yasīr easy (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬for); small, little, slight, insignificant, (of time) short;
plain, homely; simple, uncomplicated
‫ اﻳﺴــﺮ‬aisar2 easier; smaller, lesser, slighter; more insignificant; more
prosperous, wealthier; left; left-handed; left-sided
‫ ﻣﻴﺴـﺮ‬maisir an ancient Arabian game of chance (forbidden by the Koran)
played with arrows without heads and feathering, for stakes of slaughtered
and quartered camels
‫ ﻣﻴﺴﺮة‬maisara pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﺳﺮ‬mayāsir2 left side; left wing (of an army)
‫ ﻣﻴﺴــﺮة‬maisara, maisura, maisira ease, comfort; prosperity, affluence,
wealth, abundance, luxury
‫ ﺗﻴﺴﲑ‬taisīr facilitation
‫ ﻣﻴﺴـﻮر‬maisūr pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﺳـﲑ‬mayāsīr2 easily done, easily accomplished, within
easy reach y to carry out, feasible without difficulty; easy; successful,
fortunate, lucky; prosperous, well-to-do, in easy circumstances
1794
‫ ﻣﻴﺴـﺮ‬muyassar facilitated, made easy, within easy reach; successful,

fortunate, lucky; prosperous, well-to-do, wealthy, rich
‫ ﻣﻮﺳﺮ‬mūsar pl. -ūn, ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﺳﲑ‬mayāsīr2 prosperous, well-to-do, wealthy, rich
‫ ﻣﺘﻴﺴﺮ‬mutayassir facilitated, made easy; easy; within easy reach; on hand,
available; taking a smooth and successful course, going smoothly;
successful, fortunate, prosperous, well-to-do | ‫ﻣﺘﻴﺴــﺮ‬ well off, in easy
circumstances
‫ ﻳﺴﻘﺠﻲ‬yasaqjī kavass, consular guard, armed attendant
‫ ﻳﺴﻤﲔ‬yasmīn jasmine
‫ ﻳﺴﻮع‬yasū’2 Jesus
‫ ﻳﺴﻮﻋﻲ‬yasū’ī Jesuitic(al); (pl. -ūn) Jesuit
‫ ﻳﺸﺐ‬yašb jasper
‫ ﻳﺸﻢ‬yašm jade
‫ ﻳﺸـﻤﻖ‬yašmak and ‫ ﻳﺸــﻤﻚ‬yašmak (Turk. yaşmak) face veil worn by
women
‫ ﻳﺼﺐ‬yaṣb and ‫ ﻳﺼﻒ‬yaṣf jasper
Confidential
‫ ﻃﺎش‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻳﻌﺒﻮب‬ya’būb see ‫ﻋﺐ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﺴﻮب‬ya’sūb see ‫ﻋﺴﺐ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﻘﻮب‬ya’qūb Jacob, James; see also ‫ﻋﻘﺐ‬
‫ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﰊ‬ya’qūbī pl. ‫ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ‬ya’āqiba Jacobite; Jacobitic (Chr.)
‫ ﻓﻮخ‬yāfūk pl. ‫ ﻳﻮاﻓﻴﺦ‬yawāfīk2 vertex, crown of the head
‫ ﻳﻔﻄﺔ‬yafṭa (= ‫ ) ﻓﻄﺔ‬sign, signboard, plaque, name plate, doorplate
‫ ﻳﻔـﻊ‬yafa’a a (yaf’) to reach adolescence; to be at the age of puberty IV
and V do.
‫ ﻳﻔﻊ‬yaf’ adolescence; puberty
‫ ﻳﻔﻊ‬yafa’ hill, range, highland; -- (pl. ‫ اﻳﻔـﺎع‬aifā’) boy at the age of puberty,
adolescent, youth, teen-ager, juvenile
‫ ﻓﻮت‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻳﻘﻄﲔ‬see ‫ﻗﻄﻦ‬
1795
‫ ﻳﻘﻆ‬yaqiẓa a (yaqaẓ) and yaquẓa u (‫ ﻳﻘﺎﻇﺔ‬yaqāẓa) to be awake; to wake; to

be on one’s guard, be wary, watchful, alert, vigilant II and IV to wake up (‫ه‬
s.o.); to awaken, arouse, stir up, provoke (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to warn, alert, put on his
guard (‫ ه‬s.o.) V to be awake; to be vigilant, watchful, alert, on one’s guard
X to wake up, awaken, be awakened, be roused from sleep (‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬by); to have
o.s. awakened, ask to be wakened; to be awake; to be watchful, vigilant,
alert
‫ ﻳﻘـﻆ‬yaquz, yaqiz pl. ‫ اﻳﻘـﺎظ‬aiqāẓ awake; watchful, vigilant, alert, wary,
cautious
‫ ﻳﻘﻈــﺔ‬yaqẓa, yaqaẓa waking, wakefulness; sleeplessness, insomnia;
watchfulness, vigilance; wariness, caution; alertness, keenness of the mind
‫ ﻳﻘﻈـﺎن‬yaqẓān2, f. ‫ ﻳﻘﻈـﻰ‬yaqẓā pl. ‫ ﻳﻘـﺎﻇﻰ‬yaqāzā awake; attentive, alert;
wary,
cautious; watchful. vigilant | ‫اﻟﻴﻘﻈﺎن‬ ‫ اﺑﻮ‬rooster, cook
‫ اﻳﻘﺎظ‬īqāẓ awaking, reveille
‫ ﺗـﻴﻘﻆ‬tayaqquẓ wakefulness; watchfulness, vigilance, alertness, wariness,
Confidential
caution
‫ ﻣﺘــﻴﻘﻆ‬mutayaqqiẓ awake; watchful, vigilant, wary, cautious; alert,
attentive
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ‬mustaiqiẓ awake
‫ ﻳﻘﻦ‬yaqina a (yaqn, yaqan) to be sure, certain; to know for certain (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫـ‬
s.th.), be sure, be certain, be convinced (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬of) IV, V and X to ascertain
(‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), make sure (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫ ـ‬of s.th.); to know for certain (‫ ب‬or ‫ﻫ ـ‬
s.th.), be sure, be certain, be convinced (‫ ب‬or ‫ ﻫـ‬of)
‫ ﻳﻘﻦ‬yaqn, yaqan certainty, certitude
‫ ﻳﻘــﻦ‬yaqan, yaqun, yaqin and ‫ ﻳﻘﻨــﺔ‬yaqana credulous, ingenuous,
unsuspecting
‫ ﻳﻘﲔ‬yaqīn certainty, certitude (‫ ب‬about), conviction (‫ ب‬of) | ‫ ﻳﻘﻴﻨﺎ‬certainly,
surely, positively; ‫ ا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻳﻘـﲔ ﻣـﻦ ان‬or ‫ ا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻳﻘـﲔ ان‬I am convinced, I am
positive, I am certain that ...; ‫ ﻛﻮﻧـﻮا ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻳﻘـﲔ‬you can be sure; ‫ ﺣـﻖ اﻟﻴﻘـﲔ‬ḥaqq
al-y. absolute certainty
1796
‫ ﻳﻘﻴـﲏ‬yaqīnī definitely laid down, positive, absolute, indisputable; ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻨﻴـﺎت‬

yaqīnīyāt established truths, axioms
‫ ﻣﻴﻘﺎن‬mīqān credulous
‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻦ‬mūqin convinced (‫ ب‬of); certain, sure (‫ ب‬of)
‫ ﻣﺘﻴﻘﻦ‬mutayaqqin convinced, positive, sure, certain
‫ اﻟﻴﻜﻮن‬see ‫ﻛﻮن‬
ّ‫ ﱘ‬II to betake o.s., repair, resort, go, turn, wend one’s way (‫ ﻫ ـ‬or ‫ﺻـﻮب‬
ṣauba, ‫ ﳓﻮ‬naḥwa or ‫ ﺷﻄﺮ‬šaṭra to or toward a place), set out, head, be headed
(‫ﺷـﻄﺮ‬ ,‫ ﳓـﻮ‬,‫ ﺻـﻮب‬,‫ﻫ ـ‬ for); to direct, turn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.) | ‫( ﳝـﻢ ﰲ ﻓـﻢ اﻟﱪﻛـﺎن‬fami l-
burkān) to venture into the lion’s den; ‫( ﳝـﻢ وﺟﻬـﻪ ﺷـﻄﺮ‬wajhahū šaṭra) to turn
or face toward V to betake o.s., repair, resort, turn (‫ ﻫ ـ‬to), make, head (‫ﻫ ـ‬
for); to aim (‫ ﻫـ‬at), intend (‫ ﻫـ‬s.th.)

‫ ﱘ‬yamm pl. ‫ ﳝﻮم‬yumūm open sea; (syr.) side | ‫ ﻣـﻦ ﳝـﻲ‬from my side, on my
part
Confidential
‫ ﳝﺎم‬yamām (coll.; n. un. ‫ )ة‬pl. -āt, (‫ ﳝﺎﺋﻢ‬yamā’im2 pigeon, dove
‫ ﳝـﻦ‬yamana u, yamina a, yamuna u (yumn, ‫ ﻣﻴﻤﻨـﺔ‬maimana) to be lucky,
fortunate II to go to the right V to see a good omen (‫ ب‬in) X do.
‫ ﳝﻦ‬yumn good luck, good fortune, prosperity, success
‫ ﳝـﻦ‬yaman and ‫ ﳝﻨـﺔ‬yamna right side or hand; ‫ ﳝﻨـﺎ‬to (at, on) the right; ‫ﳝﻨـﺔ‬
yamnatan do. | ‫ ﺷـﺎﻣﺎ وﳝﻨـﺎ‬to the north and south; ‫( ﳝﻨـﺔ وﻳﺴـﺮة‬yasratan) to the
right and left
‫ اﻟﻴﻤﻦ‬al-yaman Yemen
‫ ﳝﲎ‬yamanī from Yemen, Yemenite
‫ ﳝـﲔ‬yamīn f. pl. ‫ اﳝـﺎن‬aiman right side; right hand | ‫ ﳝﻴﻨـﺎ‬or ‫ ﻋـﻦ اﻟﻴﻤـﲔ‬to (at,
on) the right; ‫وﴰـﺎﻻ‬ ‫ ﳝﻴﻨـﺎ‬to the right and left; ‫ ﻣـﺎ ﻣﻠﻜـﺖ )ﲤﻠـﻚ( ﳝﻴﻨـﻪ‬ma malakat
(tamliku) yamīnuhū his possessions
‫ ﳝﲔ‬yamīn f., pl. ‫ اﳝﻦ‬aimun, ‫ اﳝﺎن‬aimān oath | ‫ ﳝﲔ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬y. al-amāna oath of
allegiance; ‫ ﳝـﲔ اﻟﺼـﱪ‬y. aṣ-ṣabr perjury; ‫( ﳝـﲔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴـﺔ‬qānūnīya) oath of office,
official oath; ‫ ﳝﲔ ﻛﺎذﺑـﺔ‬perjury; ‫ ﳝـﲔ اﻟـﻮﻻء واﻹﺧـﻼص‬y. al-walā’ wa-l-iklāṣ oath
of allegiance; ‫ اﳝﻦ ﷲ‬aimunu llāhi and ‫ اﱘ ﷲ‬aimu llāhi I swear by God!
1797
‫ ﳝﻴـﲏ‬yamīnī of or pertaining to the right side, right-hand, right; O ‫اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻨﻴـﻮن‬

the right-wing parties
‫ ﳝﲎ‬yumnā pl. ‫ ﳝﻨﻴﺎت‬yumnayāt right hand; right side
‫ اﳝﻦ‬I aiman, f. ‫ ﳝﲎ‬yumnā right-hand, right, on the right; lucky
‫ ﻣﻴﻤﻨﺔ‬maimana pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﻣﻦ‬mayāmin2 right side; right wing (of an army)
‫ ﺗﻴﻤﻦ‬tayammun auspiciousness, good augury, good omen
‫ ﻣﻴﻤﻮن‬maimūn pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺎﻣﻦ‬mayāmin fortunate, lucky; blessed; monkey | ‫ﻣﻴﻤﻮن‬
‫ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬favorable, auspicious; ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ اﳌﻴﻤﻮن‬happy journey! Godspeed!
‫ ﻣﻴﻤﻦ‬muyamman lucky, auspicious
‫ ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬yanāyir2, ‫ ﻳﻨﺎﺋﺮ‬yanā’ir2 January
‫ ﻳﻨﺒﻮع‬yanbū‘ see ‫ﻧﺒﻊ‬
‫ ﻳﻨﺴﻮن‬yansūn (= ‫ ) ﻧﺴﻮن‬anise, aniseed
‫ ﻳﻨـﻊ‬yana‘a a i (yan‘, yun‘, ‫ ﻳﻨـﻮع‬yunū‘) to become ripe, ripen, mellow IV
do.
Confidential
‫ ﻳﻨﻴﻊ‬yanī‘ ripe, mellow
‫ اﻳﻨﺎع‬īnā‘ ripening, mellowing
‫ ﻧﻊ‬yāni‘ pl. ‫ ﻳﻨﻊ‬yan‘ ripe, mellow
‫ اﻟﻴﻬﻮد‬al-yahūd the Jews, Jewry
‫ ﻳﻬﻮدي‬yahūdī Jewish; Jew
‫ ﻳﻬﻮدﻳﺔ‬yahūdīya Judaism
‫ ﻳﻮﺑﻴﻞ‬yūlbīl jubilee
‫ ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ‬yūḥannā John | ‫ ﻳﻮﺣﻨﺎ اﻟﺼﺎﺑﻎ‬John the Baptist
‫ ﻳﻮد‬yūd iodine
‫ ور‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻳﻮراﻧﻴﻮم‬yūrāniyum uranium
‫ ﻳﻮز ﺷـﻲ‬yuzbašī pl. -īya captain, battery commander; (as a naval rank)
lieutenant (formerly, Eg.)
‫ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬yūsuf Joseph; (eg., sur.) ‫ ﻳﻮف اﻓﻨﺪي‬y. afandī (coll.) tangerines
‫ ﻳﻮﺳﻔﻲ‬yūsufī (eg.) tangerines
‫( ﻳﻮﻃﻨﺔ‬from Fr. lieutenant; tun.) yūṭana) lieutenant
1798
‫ ﻳﻮﻏﺴﻼﻓﻴﺎ‬yūgōslāviyī Yugoslavia
‫ ﻳﻮﻏﻮﺳﻼﰲ‬yūgōslāvī Yugoslavian
‫ ﻓﺔ‬look up alphabetically
‫ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‬yūliyō and ‫ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻪ‬yūliya July
‫ ﻳﻮم‬III to hire by the day (‫ ه‬s.o.)
‫ ﻳـﻮم‬yaum pl. ‫ ا م‬ayyām day; pl. also: age, era, time | ‫ اﻟﻴـﻮم‬al-yauma today;
‫ﻳـﻮم‬ yauma on the day when ...; ‫ام‬ ayyāma in the days of, during; ‫ا ﻣـﺎ‬
ayyāman for a few days; ‫ﻣـﻪ‬ ‫ ا‬ayyāmahū his lifetime, his life ‫ ﻳﻮﻣﻬـﺎ‬yaumahā
then, at that time, that day; ‫ ﻳﻮﻣـﺎ‬or ‫ ﻳـﻮم ﻣـﺎ‬sometime, some day, one of these
days; ‫ ذات ﻳﻮم‬data yaumin one day, once; ‫ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ‬or ‫ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻮﻣﺎ‬or ‫ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮم‬or
‫ ﻳﻮﻣـﺎ ﻋـﻦ ﻳـﻮم‬day by day, day after day, from day to day; ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟﻴـﻮم‬from today
on, starting today; ‫ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻣﻨــﺎ ﻫــﺬا‬nowadays, these days; ‫( ﰲ ﻳــﻮم وﻟﻴﻠــﺔ‬laila)
overnight, from one day to the other; ‫ﻳـﻮم‬ ‫ ﻛـﻞ‬kulla yaumin daily, every day;
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮم اﱃ ﻳﻮم‬or ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮم ﻟﻴﻮم‬from one day to the other, from day to day; ‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﻪ‬
Confidential
from that time on, henceforth; right away; ‫ ﻣﻨـﺬ اﻟﻴـﻮم‬from now on, as of now,
henceforth; ‫م‬ ‫ ﻣـﻦ ا‬a few days ago; for the put few days; ‫ ﺑﻌـﺪ ذﻟـﻚ م‬a few
days after that; -- ‫ ﻳﻮم اﻷﺣـﺪ‬y. al-aḥad Sunday; ‫ ﻳـﻮم اﻹﺛﻨـﲔ‬y. al-itnain Monday;
‫ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺜﻠﺜـﺎء‬y. at-talātā’ Tuesday; ‫ ﻳـﻮم اﻷرﺑﻌـﺎء‬y. al-arbi‘ā’ Wednesday; ‫ﻳـﻮم اﳋﻤـﻴﺲ‬
y. al-kamīs Thursday; ‫ ﻳﻮم اﳉﻤﻌﺔ‬y. al-jum‘a Friday; ‫ ﻳﻮم اﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬Saturday; -- ‫ﻳﻮم‬
‫اﺳـﻮد‬ black day, unlucky day; ‫ﻳـﻮم اﻻﺷـﺘﻐﺎل‬ ‫( ﻳـﻮم اﻳـﻮم‬aiwam) a bad
workday;
day; ‫ﻳـﻮم اﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬y. Ad-dīn the Day of Judgment; ‫ ﻳـﻮم رأس اﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬y. ra’s as-sana
New Year’s Day; ‫ ﻳﻮم ﻋﻄﻠﺔ‬y. ‘uṭla day off, free day, holiday; ‫ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻴﻮم‬ibn al-y.
man of today, modern man; ‫اﺑــﻦ ﻳﻮﻣــﻪ‬ of one day, short-lived, passing,
ephemeral; ‫ اﺑـﻦ اﻷ م‬a man of the world, a sophisticated man; ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺗـﻮاﱃ اﻷ م‬
(tawālī l-a.) in the course of time, in time
‫ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ‬yauma’idin (on) that day, then, at that time
‫ ﻳﻮﻣﺬاك‬yaumadāka (on) that day, then
‫ ﻳـﻮﻣﻲ‬yaumī daily; by the day; ‫ ﻳـﻮﻣﻲ‬daily, every day; ‫ ﻳﻮﻣﻴـﺎت‬everyday
events; everyday chronicle; daily news | ‫ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺟﺮﻳﺪة‬daily newspaper
1799
‫ ﻳﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬yaumīya daily wages, a day’s wages; daily ration; a day’s work,

daily task; diary, journal; daybook; calendar
‫ ﻣﻴﺎوﻣﺔ‬muyāwama work by the day, day labor; muyāwamatan daily, by the
day, per day, per diem | ‫ﻣﻴﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬day laborer, hired man
‫ اﻟﻴﻮ ن‬al-yūnān the Greeks; Greece
‫ ﻳﻮ ﱐ‬yūnānī Greek; (pl. -ūn) a Greek
‫ ﻳﻮ ﻧﻴﺔ‬yūnānīya Grecism; Greek language
‫ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‬yūnus Jonah
‫ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺴــﻜﻮ‬al-yūnēskō, ‫ ﻫﻴﺌــﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻧﺴــﻜﻮ‬hai’at al-y. UNESCO, the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
‫ ﻳﻮﻧﻮﺳﻔﲑ‬yonosfēr ionosphere (radio)
‫ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ‬yūniyō and ‫ ﻳﻮﻳﺔ‬yūniya June
Confidential
1800
Confidential
1801

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www.alhassanain.

A DICTIONARY OF MODERN WRITTEN ARABIC

Spoken Language Services, Inc.

lthaca, New York J Milton Cowan

Preface to The Pocket-Book Edition

Münster Hans Wehr

3‫ اب‬abba u to long, yearn, ‫وﻃﻨﻪ‬ ‫( إﱃ‬ilā waṯanihi) for one's homeland

‫ آﺑﺪ‬ābid wild, untamed

2‫ﻟﺔ‬ ‫ ا‬ibāla, ibbāla bundle, bale

funeral oration (‫ ه‬in praise of s.o.)

‫ اﰉ‬abā a (‫ ا ء‬ibā’, ‫ ا ءة‬ibā’a) to refuse, decline; to turn down, reject,

sin, a. crime); to mention (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th.); to finish off (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬s.th., also s.o.); to

to originate, stem, derive, spring, arise, result (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬from); to end (‫ ﻋـﻦ‬with),

exclusion of others, monopolize (‫ ب‬s.th.); to appropriate (‫ ب‬s.th.), take

‫ اﺛﺮة‬aṯara selfishness, egoism

‫ اﲨـﺔ‬ajama, coll. ‫ اﺟـﻢ‬ajam pl. -āt, ‫ اﺟـﻢ‬ujum, ‫ آﺟـﺎم‬ājām thicket, jungle,

the like); ‫ﳎـﺮاﻩ‬

an obligation, impose a commitment on s.o.; ‫ أﺧـﺬ ﻋﻠـﻰ )ﺣـﲔ( ﻏـﺮة‬uḳida ‘alā

‫( اﲣـﺬ ﻗـﺮارا‬qarāran) to pass or adopt a resolution; ‫ اﲣـﺬ اﳌﻮاﻗـﻊ اﳉﺪﻳـﺪة‬to take up

‫( أﺧـﺬ وﻋﻄـﺎء‬wa-‘aṯā’) give-and-take; traffic, trade; dealings, relations (esp.

‫ أﺧـﺬ‬ma’ḳūd taken, seized; taken by surprise, caught, trapped; surprised;

to be suspended (from service), be discharged, be dismissed| ‫ﱂ ﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬

opposed to ‫ اﳌﺘﻘـﺪﻣﻮن(; اﳌﺘـﺄﺧﺮات‬arrears, balance of a ‫س‬um remaining due

‫ اﺧـﺖ‬uḳt pl. ‫ اﺧـﻮات‬aḳawāt sister; (gram.) cognate; counterpart| ‫ اﺧﺘﻬـﺎ‬the

be guided (‫ ب‬by)| ‫دﺑﻪ‬ ‫( دب‬bi-adabihi) to follow s.o.’s moral example

‫ ادﲞﺎﻧﺔ‬adabḳāna pl. -āt toilet, water closet

‫ ادﱘ‬adīm skin; surface; tanned skin, leather|‫ادﱘ اﻷرض‬ a. al-arḍ the

government; ‫اداة اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳــﻒ‬ ‫( اداة اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳــﺔ‬tanfīdīya)

execute, discharge (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.); to perform (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a ritual, etc.); to do (‫واﺟﺒــﻪ‬

composition, etc.)|‫( ادى‬salām) to greet, salute V to lead, be conducive,

to arrive (‫ إﱃ‬at), be lead (‫ إﱃ‬to) X to demand, claim (‫ه‬

1 1 ‫اذا‬. (introducing a nominal clause the subject of which may he

prayer (‫ ;) ﻟﺼﻼة‬to crow (rooster) IV to announce, make known (‫ ب‬s.th., ‫ب‬

s.th.) X to ask permission (‫ ﰲ‬to do s.th., rarely ‫;)ب‬ to ask permission to

money order; ‫اﻟﺒﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ اذن‬do.

‫ ﻣـﺄذون‬ma’dūun authorized; slave with limited legal rights (Isl. Law); =

2‫ ارث‬irt inheritance, heritage; estate (of inheritance)

‫ ارﺛﻮذﻛﺴﻲ‬urtūduksī orthodox; ‫ اﻻرﺛﻮذﻛﺴﻴﺔ‬the Orthodox Church

1 ‫ ارز‬arz (n. un. ‫ )ة‬cedar

‫ ﻣﺌـﺰاب‬mi'zāb pl. ‫ ﻣﺂزﻳـﺐ‬ma'āzīb2 and ‫ ﻣﻴـﺰاب‬mīzāb pl. ‫ ﻣﻴﺎزﻳـﺐ‬mayāzīb2

3‫ آس‬II to found, establish, set up (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), lay the foundation (‫ ﻫ ـ‬for) V to

prisoner (‫ ه‬s.o.); to captivate, fascinate, hold spellbound (‫ ه‬s.o.), absorb,

‫ اﺳـﺮ‬asr (leather) strap, thong; capture; captivity|‫ ﺷـﺪة اﻻﺳـﺮ‬šiddat al-a.

‫ اﺳﻄﻮرة‬usṯūra pl. ‫ اﺳﺎﻃﲑ‬asāṯīr legend, fable, tale, myth, saga

‫ اﺳﻘﻔﻴﺔ‬usqufīya episcopate, bishopric

grieved, distressed II to console, comfort (‫ ه‬s.o.); to nurse (‫ ه‬a patient) III

‫ ﺷﲑ‬ta’šīr issuance of an official endorsement; official endorsement; visa

foundation, establish the foundation or origin of (‫ )ﻫ ـ‬V to be or become

‫ اﺻـﻮل اﻟﻔﻘـﻪ‬u. al-fiqh the 4 foundations of Islamic jurisprudence, i.e., Koran,

‫ اﻃﺎري‬iṯārī framelike, hoop-shaped

‫ اﻃﺮﻏﻠﺔ‬uṯrugulla a variety of pigeon

‫ اﻓﺸﲔ‬ifšīn pl. ‫ اﻓﺎﺷﲔ‬afāšīn2 litany (Chr.)

‫ اﻗــﺮ ذﻳﻦ‬aqrabādīn composite medicament| ‫‘ ﻋﻠــﻢ اﻻﻗــﺮ ذﻳﻦ‬ilm al-a.

1 ‫ اﻛﺮ‬akara i (akr) to plow, till, cultivate (‫ ﻫـ‬the land)

opposed to ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫)ﻃﺮح‬

‫ ﻛﻞ‬ta’ākul wear; corrosion; erosion (geol.)

illā (and if not =) otherwise, orelae;‫ اﻻ وﻫـﻮ‬illā wa-huwa (with a preceding

1 ‫ اﻟـﺐ‬alaba u i (alb) to gather, join forces, rally II to incite (‫ ﻋﻠـﻰ ه‬s.o.

(‫ ﻫ ـ‬to); to like (‫ ﻫ ـ‬s.th.), be fond of (‫ ;)ﻫ ـ‬to become tame II to accustom,

different things); to compile, compose, write (‫ ﻫ ـ‬a book) V to be composed,

(‫ ﻣـﻊ‬with); to be well-ordered, neat, tidy X to seek the intimacy, court the

2‫ اﱂ‬alima a (alam) to be in pain, feel pain; to suffer (y from s.th.) II and

IV to cause pain or suffering (‫ ه‬to s.o.), pain, ache, hurt (‫ ه‬s.o.) V = I; to

exclamation of admiration and praise, see ‫در‬