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Estructuras Metálicas
6241
2014/06/30
Riobamba-Ecuador
Seleccione las secciones más económicas usando Fy=50 ksi a menos que se
indique lo contrario, Las cargas están dadas en cada caso, considerando:
1. Utilice un perfil W
Datos.
𝐸 = 29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐹𝑦 = 50𝑘𝑠𝑖
1,2𝑘𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝐷 = = 0,1𝑘𝑙𝑏/𝑖𝑛
𝑓𝑡
2𝑘𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝐿 = = 0,1667𝑘𝑙𝑏/𝑖𝑛
𝑓𝑡
𝐿 = 40𝑓𝑡 = 480𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑏 = 0
Carga total.
𝑊𝑢 = 1,2𝑊𝐷 + 1,6𝑊𝐿
𝑊𝑢 = 1,2(0,1) + 1,6(0,1667)
𝑊𝑢 = 0,38672 𝑘𝑖𝑝/𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑢 = 928 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑓𝑡
𝑀𝑢 = 11136 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑦 = 2,09 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑡𝑠 = 2,60 𝑖𝑛
ℎ𝑜 = 28,9 𝑖𝑛
𝐽 = 2,84 𝑖𝑛4
𝑆𝑥 = 245 𝑖𝑛3
𝑍𝑥 = 283 𝑖𝑛3
𝑐 = 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑊.
Elementos no arriostrados.
Caso10
𝑏
= 8,52
𝑡
𝐸
𝜆𝑝 = 0,38√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 0,38√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 9,15
𝐸
𝜆𝑟 = 1,0√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 1,0√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 24,089
𝑏
< 𝜆𝑝
𝑡
8,52 < 9,15 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜
Elemento arriostrado
Caso15
ℎ
= 57,5
𝑡𝑤
𝐸
𝜆𝑝 = 3,76√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 3,76√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 90,55
𝐸
𝜆𝑟 = 5,70√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 5,70√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 137,27
ℎ
< 𝜆𝑝
𝑡𝑤
Fluencia
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥
𝑀𝑛 = (50𝑘𝑠𝑖)(283𝑖𝑛3 )
𝑀𝑛 = 14150 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
LRFD
𝑀𝑢 = 11136 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
𝜙𝑀𝑛 > 𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑢 11136
= = 0,874
𝜙𝑀𝑛 12735
ASD
𝑀𝑛 14150 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
=
Ω𝑏 1,67
𝑀𝑛
= 8473,0538 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Ω𝑏
Comprobación en SAP2000
LRFD
ASD
Pandeo lateral
𝐿𝑏 = 0
𝐸
𝐿𝑝 = 1,76 𝑟𝑦 √
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑝 = 1,76 (2,09 𝑖𝑛)√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑝 = 88,857𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑦 = 2,09 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑡𝑠 = 2,60 𝑖𝑛
ℎ𝑜 = 28,9 𝑖𝑛
𝐽 = 2,84 𝑖𝑛4
𝑆𝑥 = 245 𝑖𝑛3
𝑍𝑥 = 283 𝑖𝑛3
2
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖 (2,84𝑖𝑛4 ) ∗ 1 (2,84𝑖𝑛4 ) ∗ 1 0,7 ∗ 50𝑘𝑠𝑖 2
𝐿𝑟 = 1,95(2,60𝑖𝑛) √ + √( ) + 6,76 ( )
0,7(50𝑘𝑠𝑖) 245𝑖𝑛3 ∗ 28,9 𝑖𝑛 245𝑖𝑛3 ∗ 28,9 𝑖𝑛 29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑟 = 250,807 𝑖𝑛
480𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑏 = = 160 𝑖𝑛
3
𝐿𝑝 = 88,857𝑖𝑛 = 7,40 𝑓𝑡
𝐿𝑟 = 250,807 𝑖𝑛 = 20,90 𝑓𝑡
𝐿𝑝 < 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑟
Fluencia
𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥
𝑀𝑝 = (50𝑘𝑠𝑖)(283 𝑖𝑛3 )
𝑀𝑝 = 14150 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Pandeo lateral
Como:
𝐿𝑝 < 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑟
𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0,7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ) ( )] ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
Escogemos 𝑪𝒃
𝐶𝑏 = 1,01
160 − 88,857
𝑀𝑛 = 1,01 [14150 − (14150 − 0,7(50)(245 )) ( )] ≤ 14150 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
271,66 − 88,857
𝑀𝑛 ≤ 𝑀𝑝 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑂𝐾
LRFD
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 10890,117 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 907,509 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑓𝑡
𝑀𝑢 = 11136 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Este perfil no resiste por lo cual pasamos a escoger otro y hacer los cálculos
pertinentes y ver si resiste.
Tipo de sección
𝑟𝑦 = 2,19 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑡𝑠 = 2,70 𝑖𝑛
ℎ𝑜 = 29,2 𝑖𝑛
𝐽 = 6,43 𝑖𝑛4
𝑆𝑥 = 329 𝑖𝑛3
𝑍𝑥 = 378 𝑖𝑛3
𝑐 = 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑊.
Elementos no arriostrados.
Caso10
𝑏
= 6,17
𝑡
𝐸
𝜆𝑝 = 0,38√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 0,38√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 9,15
𝐸
𝜆𝑟 = 1√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 1√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 24,089
𝑏
< 𝜆𝑝
𝑡
6,17 < 9,15 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜
Elemento arriostrado
ℎ
= 47,8
𝑡𝑤
𝐸
𝜆𝑝 = 3,76√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 3,76√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 90,5
𝐸
𝜆𝑟 = 5,70√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 5,70√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 137,27
ℎ
< 𝜆𝑝
𝑡𝑤
Fluencia
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥
𝑀𝑛 = (50𝑘𝑠𝑖)(378𝑖𝑛3 )
𝑀𝑛 = 18900 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
LRFD
𝜙𝑀𝑛 > 𝑀𝑢
11136,96
= 0,6546 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑠 < 1 𝒔𝒊 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆
17010
ASD
𝑀𝑛 18900 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
=
Ω𝑏 1,67
𝑀𝑛
= 11317,365 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Ω𝑏
LRFD
ASD
Pandeo lateral
𝐿𝑏 = 160 𝑖𝑛
𝐸
𝐿𝑝 = 1,76 𝑟𝑦 √
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑝 = 1,76 (2,19𝑖𝑛)√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑝 = 92,82𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑦 = 2,19 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑡𝑠 = 2,70 𝑖𝑛
ℎ𝑜 = 29,2 𝑖𝑛
𝐽 = 6,43 𝑖𝑛4
𝑆𝑥 = 329 𝑖𝑛3
𝑍𝑥 = 378 𝑖𝑛3
2
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖 (6,43𝑖𝑛4 ) ∗ 1 (6,43𝑖𝑛4 ) ∗ 1 0,7 ∗ 50𝑘𝑠𝑖 2
𝐿𝑟 = 1,95(2,70𝑖𝑛) √ + √( ) + 6,76 ( )
0,7(50𝑘𝑠𝑖) 329𝑖𝑛3 ∗ 29,2 𝑖𝑛 329𝑖𝑛3 ∗ 29,2 𝑖𝑛 29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑟 = 271,66𝑖𝑛
480𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑏 = = 160 𝑖𝑛
3
𝐿𝑝 = 92,82𝑖𝑛 = 7,735 𝑓𝑡
𝐿𝑟 = 271,66𝑖𝑛 = 22,63𝑓𝑡
Tenemos
𝐿𝑝 < 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑟
Fluencia
𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥
𝑀𝑝 = (50𝑘𝑠𝑖)(378𝑖𝑛3 )
𝑀𝑝 = 18900 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Pandeo lateral
Como:
𝐿𝑝 < 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑟
𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0,7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ) ( )] ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
𝐶𝑏 = 1,01
160 − 92,82
𝑀𝑛 = 1,01 [18900 − (18900 − 0,7(50)(329)) ( )] ≤ 18900𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
271,66 − 92,82
𝑀𝑛 ≤ 𝑀𝑝 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑂𝐾
LRFD
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 0,9(16287,13𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛)
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 14658,42 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 1221,535 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑓𝑡
ASD
𝑀𝑛 16287,13 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
=
Ω𝑏 1,67
𝑀𝑛
= 9752,77 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Ω𝑏
𝑀𝑛
= 812,73 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑓𝑡
Ω𝑏
Verificación en SAP2000
LRFD
ASD
c) Suponiendo 1 soporte lateral en la mitad de la viga.
480𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑏 = = 240 𝑖𝑛
2
𝐿𝑝 = 92,82𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑟 = 271,66𝑖𝑛
Escogemos 𝑪𝒃
𝐶𝑏 = 1,30
Pandeo lateral
Como:
𝐿𝑝 < 𝐿𝑏 ≤ 𝐿𝑟
𝐿𝑏 − 𝐿𝑝
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐶𝑏 [𝑀𝑝 − (𝑀𝑝 − 0,7𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 ) ( )] ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐿𝑟 − 𝐿𝑝
240 − 92,82
𝑀𝑛 = 1,30 [18900 − (18900 − 0,7(50)(329)) ( )] ≤ 18900𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
271,66 − 92,82
𝑀𝑛 = 16669,074𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛 ≤ 18900𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
𝑀𝑛 ≤ 𝑀𝑝 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑂𝐾
LRFD
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 0,9(16669,074𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛)
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 15002,166 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 1250,18 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑓𝑡
ASD
𝑀𝑛 16669,074𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
=
Ω𝑏 1,67
𝑀𝑛
= 9981,48 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Ω𝑏
LRFD
ASD
𝐿𝑏 = 480𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑝 = 92,82𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑟 = 271,66𝑖𝑛
Escogemos 𝑪𝒃
𝐶𝑏 = 1,14
Pandeo lateral
Como:
𝐿𝑏 > 𝐿𝑟
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝑆𝑥 ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐶𝑏 𝜋 2 𝐸 𝐽 ∗ 𝑐 𝐿𝑏 2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = √1 + 0,078 ( )
𝐿 2 𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜 𝑟𝑡𝑠
(𝑟 𝑏 )
𝑡𝑠
𝑀𝑛 = 16,80𝑘𝑠𝑖(329)
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝑆𝑥 ≤ 𝑀𝑝
LRFD
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 0,9(5527,2𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛)
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 4974,48𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Este perfil no resiste por lo cual pasamos a escoger otro y hacer los cálculos
pertinentes y ver si resiste.
W30X124
W30X132
W30X148
Tipo de sección
Datos del perfil W30X173 (Escogido después de realizar a mano los cálculos de
los perfiles anteriores)
Datos del perfil
𝑟𝑦 = 3,42 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑡𝑠 = 4,03 𝑖𝑛
ℎ𝑜 = 29,4 𝑖𝑛
𝐽 = 15,6 𝑖𝑛4
𝑆𝑥 = 541 𝑖𝑛3
𝑍𝑥 = 607 𝑖𝑛3
𝑐 = 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑊.
𝑀𝑢 = 928 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑓𝑡
𝑀𝑢 = 11136 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Elementos no arriostrados.
Caso10
𝑏
= 7,04
𝑡
𝐸
𝜆𝑝 = 0,38√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 0,38√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 9,15
𝐸
𝜆𝑟 = 1,0√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 1,0√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 24,089
𝑏
< 𝜆𝑝
𝑡
7,04 < 9,15 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜
Elemento arriostrado
Caso15
ℎ
= 40,8
𝑡𝑤
𝐸
𝜆𝑝 = 3,76√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 3,76√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑝 = 90,55
𝐸
𝜆𝑟 = 5,70√
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 5,70√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝜆𝑟 = 137,27
ℎ
< 𝜆𝑝
𝑡𝑤
Fluencia
𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑝 = 𝐹𝑦 𝑍𝑥
𝑀𝑛 = (50𝑘𝑠𝑖)(607𝑖𝑛3 )
𝑀𝑛 = 30350 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
LRFD
𝑀𝑢 = 11136 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
𝜙𝑀𝑛 > 𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑢 11136
= = 0,40768
𝜙𝑀𝑛 27315
ASD
𝑀𝑛 30350 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
=
Ω𝑏 1,67
𝑀𝑛
= 18173,6526 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Ω𝑏
Verificación en SAP2000
LRFD
ASD
Pandeo lateral
𝐿𝑏 = 480 𝑖𝑛
𝐸
𝐿𝑝 = 1,76 𝑟𝑦 √
𝐹𝑦
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑝 = 1,76 (3,42𝑖𝑛)√
50𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑝 = 144,9615 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑦 = 3,42 𝑖𝑛
𝑟𝑡𝑠 = 4,03 𝑖𝑛
ℎ𝑜 = 29,4 𝑖𝑛
𝐽 = 15,6 𝑖𝑛4
𝑆𝑥 = 541 𝑖𝑛3
𝑍𝑥 = 607 𝑖𝑛3
2
29000𝑘𝑠𝑖 (15,6𝑖𝑛4 ) ∗ 1 (15,6𝑖𝑛4 ) ∗ 1 0,7 ∗ 50𝑘𝑠𝑖 2
𝐿𝑟 = 1,95(4,03𝑖𝑛) √ + √( ) + 6,76 ( )
0,7(50𝑘𝑠𝑖) 541𝑖𝑛3 ∗ 29,4 𝑖𝑛 541𝑖𝑛3 ∗ 29,4𝑖𝑛 29000𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐿𝑟 = 425,4065 𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑏 = 480 𝑖𝑛
𝐿𝑝 = 144,9615 𝑖𝑛 = 12,080 𝑓𝑡
𝐿𝑟 = 425,4065 𝑖𝑛 = 35,4505 𝑓𝑡
𝐶𝑏 = 1,14
Pandeo lateral
Como:
𝐿𝑏 > 𝐿𝑟
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝑆𝑥 ≤ 𝑀𝑝
𝐶𝑏 𝜋 2 𝐸 𝐽 ∗ 𝑐 𝐿𝑏 2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = √1 + 0,078 ( )
𝐿𝑏 2 𝑆𝑥 ℎ𝑜 𝑟𝑡𝑠
(𝑟 )
𝑡𝑠
𝑀𝑛 = 𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝑆𝑥 ≤ 𝑀𝑝
LRFD
∅𝑏 𝑀𝑛 = 16171,60 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
ASD
𝑀𝑛 17968,4494 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
=
Ω𝑏 1,67
𝑀𝑛
= 10759,55 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑖𝑛
Ω𝑏
𝑀𝑛
= 896,629 𝑘𝑖𝑝 − 𝑓𝑡
Ω𝑏
Verificamos en SAP2000
LRFD
ASD