Chapter 21, Blood Vessels and Circulation

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1. The 2 arteries formed by the division of the brachiocephalic
trunk are:: Common carotid and subclavian
2. The 2 way exchange of substances between blood and body
cells occurs only through: Capillaries
3. Aneurysm: A bulge in the weakened wall of a blood vessel,
generally an artery
4. Arterioles: The blood vessels that play the most important role
in regulating blood pressure and blood flow to a tissue
5. Baroreceptors that function in the regulating of blood
pressure are located in the:: Carotid sinus
6. Blood is transported through venous system by means of::
muscular contractions and the respiratory pump
7. Brachial artery: Muscular artery traveling space in the center of
the vessel
8. Brachiocephalic artery: First major branch of the aortic arch
26. Pulmonary venules: Smallest veins, collect blood from
capillaries as it flows back toward the heart
27. Shock: An acute cardiovascular crisis marked by hypotension
and inadequate peripheral blood flow
28. Stroke or cerebrovascular accident CVA: An interruption of
the vascular supply to a portion of the brain
29. Tunica externa: composed largely of loosely woven collagen
fibers that protect and reinforce the vessel
30. Tunica interna: Contains the endothelium (made of simple
squamous epithelium)
31. Tunica media: Mostly circulatory arranged smooth muscle cells
and sheets of elastin
32. The unpaired arteries supplying blood to the visceral organs
include:: The celiac and superior and inferior mesenteric
arteries

9. Cardiovascular function is regulated by all of the following 33. Varicose veins: Sagging, swollen veins distorted by gravity and
except:: conscious control pooling of blood due to the failure of venous valves

10. Common carotid arteries: Supply most of the blood to the 34. The vein that collects most of the venous blood inferior to
head the diaphragm is the:: Inferior vena cava
11. Coronary arteries: The only branches of the ascending aorta 35. The vein that drains the dural sinuses of the brain is the::
Internal jugular vein
12. Edema: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in peripheral tissues
36. Vessel lumen: Blood containing space in the center of the
13. Hypertension: Abnormally high blood pressure; usually
vessel
defined in adults as blood pressure higher than 140/90
37. Which of the following conditions would have the greatest
14. Hypotension: Blood pressure as low that circulation to vital
effect on peripheral resistance:: Doubling the diameter of a
organs may be impaired
vessel
15. Large molecules such as peptides and proteins move into and
38. Which of the following is greater:: The osmotic pressure of the
out of the bloodstream by way of:: Fenestrated capillaries
interstitial fluid during inflammation
16. Left subclavian artery: Third major branch of the aortic arch
17. The local control of blood flow due to the action of
precapillary sphincter is:: Autoregulation
18. A major difference between the arterial and venous systems
is that:: In the limbs there is dual venous drainage
19. The most important factor in vascular resistance is:: The
diameter of the lumen of blood vessels
20. The paired arteries supplying blood to the body wall and
other structures outside the abdominopelvic cavity include::
Iliac, femoral, and lumbar arteries
21. Pulmonary arterioles: Branches of pulmonary arteries,
structurally like veins and venules, with thin walls and large
lumens
22. Pulmonary artery: First vessel leaving the pulmonary side of
the heart to carry blood to the lungs
23. Pulmonary capillaries: Are of exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide
24. Pulmonary embolism: blockage of a pulmonary artery caused
by an embolus (often a detached thrombus)
25. Pulmonary veins: Two from each lung carry blood into the left
atrium