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Solution to Assignment #1
1. 5 moles of an ideal gas of volume 2.5 m3 and temperature 25 °C are expanded isothermally to 3.4
m3. The change in entropy during the process is calculated as 5.0 J/mol-K. Calculate the change
in internal energy of the system.
Given data:
n = 5 mol
V1 = 2.5 m3 V2 = 3.4 m3
T1 = 25 °C = 298 K T2 = T1 = 298 K
ΔS = 5 J/mol-K
2. One kilogram of air is heated reversibly at constant pressure from an initial state of 300 K and 1
bar until its volume triples. Calculate W, Q, ΔU for the process. Assume air obeys the relation
PV/T = 83.14 bar cm3/mol-K and that CP = 29 J/mol.K.
Given data:
m = 1 kg PV/T = 83.14 bar-cm3/mol-K
T1 = 300 K V2 = 3V1
P1 = 1 bar CP = 29 J/mol-K
Given data:
n = 2 mol Q = +34166 J
P1 = 1 atm W = –1216 J
T1 = 300 K cV = 3R/2
The change in internal energy of an ideal gas can also expressed by the relation
ΔU = ncV ΔT = (3R) (T2–T1)
T2 = T1 + ΔU/3R = 300 K + (32950 J) / 3(8.314 J/mol-K) = 1621.06 K
4. One mole of an ideal gas is compressed isothermally but irreversibly at 130 °C from 2.5 bar to 6.5
bar in a piston-cylinder device. The work required is 30% greater than the work of reversible,
isothermal compression. The heat transferred from the gas during compression flows to a heat
reservoir at 25 °C. Calculate the entropy changes of the gas, the heat reservoir, and DStotal.
Given data:
n = 1 mol
T1 = 130 °C = 403 K
P1 = 2.5 bar
P2 6.5 bar
Since for an isothermal process, ΔU = CV dT = 0 = Q+W, and the heat input into the system
Qsys = –Wirr = –4161.92 J
Now, the heat input into the surroundings (i.e., the heat reservoir) at 25 °C (298 K)
Qres = –Qsys = +4161.92 J
Then, the entropy change for the heat reservoir
ΔSres = Qirr/T1 = (+4161.92 J)/(298 K) = +13.97 J/mol