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COLOUR IN ARCHITECTURE
AR MEERA PANKAJ SHIROLKAR
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2011

AR MEERA SHIROLKAR
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Colour is the most important element in any visual design. It creates atmosphere, determines
mood, & communicates a message about your attitudes.As in all other aesthetic components of design
colour is related to its physical existence in nature.

Colour – Colour is perceived by our brain because of the different wavelengths of light reflected
from the surface of an object. The object absorbs the rest of the wavelengths of the remaining spectrum.

Lighter and brighter colors reflect more light rays. Darker and deeper colors absorb more light rays.

¡ Perception of different colors

Vermilion absorbs all rays except red and a speck of yellow making it a warm red.

Mixing yellow and blue together and we get a visual reading of green as the rays of yellow and
blue are mixed

¡ ORGANIZATION OF COLOUR

¡ HUE:- The name of the color. This allows us to distinguish one color from another by
name.

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¡ PRIMARY COLOURS-THE
THE THREE COLOURS
COLOURS- YELLOW, RED AND BLUE, WHICH CAN-NOT
CAN BE CREATED
BY MIXING OF ANY OTHER COLOURS ARE THE PRIMARY COLORS

¡ SECONDARY COLOURS-MIXING
MIXING OF TWO PRIMARY COLOURS IN EQUAL PROPORTION MAKE A
SECONDARY COLOUR

¡ TERTIARY COLOURS-MIXING
MIXING OF A PRIMARY COLOUR AND IT’S SECONDARY COLOUR IN EQUAL
PROPORTION MAKE A TERTIARY COLOUR

¡ ORGANIZATION OF COLOUR
OLOUR

Value: The addition of black or white in a colour changes the value of a colour.

The addition of white is called as a Tint of a colour.

The addition of black is called as a Shade of a colour.

The addition of Grey is called as a Tone of a colour.

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¡ VALUE
(Darkness / Lightness)

By adding white & black we get various results in our color value control.

¡ ORGANIZATION OF COLOUR

Intensity (Chroma): The purity or strength of a colour.

A colour is brighter in its pure state than mixed with any other colour or Grey.

We can change the intensity of a colour by mixing (or placing close to each other) with its
complementary colour (colour directly across the colour wheel).

¡ INTENSITY ……………………………………………...

By mixing a color with its complement color , we also can obtain varying degrees of
intensity changes.

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¡ WARM & COOL COLORS

As can be seen from the division of warm and cool colors, the warmness and coolness of a colour
is directly related to the objects they represe
represent in nature. E.g. The colour red – a warm colour is commonly
seen in a fire which is physically warm; at the same time blue – a cool colour is commonly seen in water
which is physically cool.

Colors in Spring are cool and crisp Colors in Summer are Warm

¡ Colors Affect One Another

When colors are placed close to each other, they affect one another. In the examples above, when
two complements are near each other, they fight with one another. In the other examples the value of
colour looks different when the background is changed.

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COLOR SCHEMES

ACHROMATIC SCHEME
A scheme made without using any
colour and using only shades of
black and white.

MONOCHROMATIC SCHEME

The scheme formed by

using various shades, tones and
tints of the same colour.

ANALOGOUS SCHEME

The scheme formed by

using three colors near each other
in a colour wheel. E.g..Red,
Orange and Yellow (of the
reflected sky)

COMPLEMENTARY SCHEME

Combines a color with

the hue on the opposite side of
the color wheel.

E.g. Orange and Blue

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SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY
SCHEME

Consists of a hue & the

two hues on either side of its
complement.

PRIMARY SCHEME

A combination of the
pure hues of red, yellow, &
blue.

SECONDARY SCHEME

A combination of the
secondary hues of green , violet
& orange.

TERTIARY SCHEME

(TRIAD)

A tertiary triad is one of

two combinations: red -orange ,
yellow-green, blue-violet or
blue-green , yellow-orange &
red-violet ; all of which are
equidistant from each other on
the color wheel.

Use of Colour in Creating Moods

Colors have a great impact on the emotional responses of humans. Several examples of this
psychology of response are the soothing colors used in hospital rooms and industrial work areas where
high production is desired. Similarly use of bright colors in fast food joints creates a very attractive

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atmosphere. A general observation is that we show a greater response to bright and warm colors. Notice
the ads on television and one will see that they use warm, cheery and lively colors to lure us to purchase
their products..

A few simple examples of emotional responses to colour are as follows:

Brightly colored decorative details add a splash of

colour to any room.

Primary colours painting , that are young,

daring & individual.

The natural texture of pale wood & beige-

checked curtains make the perfect framework
for a relaxing bed-room atmosphere.

In a brightly colored area , add details in neutral

shedes made from natural materials -

metal, stone & glass are quietly decorative.

Shock tactics :- an exterior wall in hot pink

adds drama to the outside world.

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Primary colors blue, red & yellow add spice to

home accessories like this picnic set.

Bright orange & turquoise blue are a brilliant

combination.

Greens & Reds create a lively, cheerful atmosphere

with a complementary colour scheme.

Boldly patterned black white table napkins

make an impression against a brightly colored
tablecloth.

Create a young , contemporary look with a mix

brights for accents of contrasting colour.

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A very sterile environment .

Golden accessories giving richness.

Ivory white & diffuse light giving specious effect.

Although one is familiar with the saying..

“Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder”, a scientific understanding of the aspects which create beauty is
a must for a designer.

One must understand that these aspects are the building blocks of a design.

Color is one of the most important of these aspects and should be used with care and understanding.

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AR MEERA SHIROLKAR