UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA SALESIANA

Nombres: Jonnathan Aguilar, Jefferson Reyes

Materia: Comunicaciones Digitales

Fecha: 29/09/2017

Problemas de señales de energía y potencia.

1.1

a) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑡) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − ∞ < 𝑡 < ∞

Señal de potencia
𝑇𝑜 𝑇𝑜
1 2 1 2 2
𝑃𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (2𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑇𝑜 − 𝑇𝑜 𝑇𝑜 −𝑇𝑜
2 2
𝑇𝑜 𝑇𝑜
𝐴2 2 𝐴2 2 1 + cos(4𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑡)
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (2𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑇𝑜 −𝑇𝑜 𝑇𝑜 −𝑇𝑜 2
2 2

𝐴2 𝑇𝑜 𝑇𝑜 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑇𝑜) sin(−2𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑇𝑜)
= [( + ) + − ]
2𝑇𝑜 2 2 4𝜋𝑓𝑜 4𝜋𝑓𝑜

𝐴2 𝐴2
= (𝑇𝑜) =
2𝑇𝑜 2
𝐴 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑡) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − 𝑇𝑜⁄2 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑇𝑜⁄2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑇𝑜 = 1/𝑓𝑜
b) 𝑥(𝑡) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Señal de energía
𝑇𝑜
∞
2
𝐸𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝐴2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (2𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑇𝑜
−∞ −
2
𝑇𝑜 𝑇𝑜
2
2
2 (2𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝐴2 2
=𝐴 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 = ∫ (1 + cos(4𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑡))𝑑𝑡
−
𝑇𝑜 2 −𝑇𝑜
2 2

𝐴2 𝑇𝑜 𝑇𝑜 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑇𝑜) sin(−2𝜋𝑓𝑜𝑇𝑜)
= [( + ) + − ]
2 2 2 4𝜋𝑓𝑜 4𝜋𝑓𝑜

𝐴2
= (𝑇𝑜)
2
𝐴𝑒𝑥𝑝(−𝑎𝑡), 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 > 0, 𝑎 > 0
c) 𝑥(𝑡) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
Señal de energía
∞ ∞
𝑒 −∞ 𝑒 0
𝐸𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝐴2 𝑒 −2𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐴2 [− + ]
−∞ 0 2𝑎 2𝑎

𝐴2
𝐸𝑥 =
2𝑎
 d) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 5𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − ∞ < 𝑡 < ∞
𝑇𝑜
1 2
𝑃𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑇𝑜 −𝑇𝑜
2

2𝜋𝑓𝑜 = 1
𝑇𝑜 = 2𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
1
= [∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 10 cos(𝑡) cos(2𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 25𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (2𝑡)𝑑𝑡]
2𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋

1 1 𝜋 25 𝜋
= [ ∫ (1 + cos(2𝑡))𝑑𝑡 + ∫ (1 + cos(4𝑡))𝑑𝑡]
2𝜋 2 −𝜋 2 −𝜋

1 1 1 sin(2𝜋) sin(−2𝜋) 25 25 sin(4𝜋) sin(−4𝜋)

= [ (2𝜋) + ( − ) + (2𝜋) + ( − )]
2𝜋 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4
1
= (𝜋 + 25𝜋) = 13
2𝜋
1.2 Determine the energy spectral density of a square pulse 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡(𝑡⁄𝑇), where
𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡(𝑡⁄𝑇) equals 1, for − 𝑇𝑜⁄2 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑇𝑜⁄2 , and equals 0, elsewhere. Calculate the normalized
energy Ex in the pulse.

1, − 𝑇𝑜⁄2 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑇𝑜⁄2
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡(𝑡⁄𝑇) = {
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
∞
𝑥(𝑓) = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞

𝑇 𝑇 𝑇
2
−𝑗2𝜋𝑓𝑡
𝑒 −𝑗2𝜋𝑓 2 + 𝑒 𝑗2𝜋𝑓 2
𝑥(𝑓) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = −
−
𝑇 2𝜋𝑓
2

sin(𝜋𝑓𝑡)
=𝑇
𝜋
𝑥(𝑓) = 𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐(𝑓𝑇)

𝜓𝑥(𝑓) = |𝑥(𝑓)|2 = 𝑇 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐 2 (𝑓𝑇)

Energía
𝑇
∞
2
2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝐸𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 = ∫ (1)𝑑𝑡
𝑇
−∞ −
2

𝑇 𝑇
𝐸𝑥 = +
2 2
𝐸𝑥 = 𝑇
1.3 Find an expression for the average normalized power in a periodic signal in terms of its
complex Fourier coeffficients.
∞

𝐺𝑥(𝑓) = ∑ |𝐶𝑛|2 𝛿(𝑓 − 𝑛𝑓𝑜)

𝑛=−∞

∞ ∞ ∞

𝑃𝑥 = ∫ 𝐺𝑥(𝑓)𝑑𝑓 = ∫ ∑ |𝐶𝑛|2 𝛿(𝑓 − 𝑛𝑓𝑜) 𝑑𝑓

−∞ −∞ 𝑛=−∞

𝑃𝑥 = ∑ |𝐶𝑛|2
𝑛=−∞

1.4 Using time averaging, find the average normalized power in the wave form
𝑥(𝑡) = 10𝑐𝑜𝑠10𝑡 + 20𝑐𝑜𝑠20𝑡
𝑇𝑜
1 2
𝑃𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑇𝑜 −𝑇𝑜
2

2𝜋𝑓𝑜 = 10
𝜋
𝑇𝑜 =
5
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
1 10 10 10
𝑃𝑥 = 𝜋 [∫ 102 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (10𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 200 cos(10𝑡) cos(20𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 400𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (20𝑡)𝑑𝑡]
⁄5 − 𝜋 −
𝜋
−
𝜋
10 10 10

5 100 𝜋 𝜋 400 𝜋 𝜋
𝑃𝑥 = [ ( + )+ ( + )]
𝜋 2 10 10 2 10 10
5 𝜋 𝜋
𝑃𝑥 = [50 ( ) + 200 ( )]
𝜋 5 5
𝑃𝑥 = 250