Clinical manifestations

1. Signs Dominant
a. Increased intravascular volume
Congestive network due to arterial and venous pressure increased due to a decrease
in cardiac output. Manifestations of congestion can be different depending on which
one happens ventricular failure.
2. Left Heart Failure
Pulmonary congestion prominent in left ventricular failure due to left ventricular
unable to pump blood coming from the lungs. Clinical manifestations occur:
a. dispneu
Caused by accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and impairs gas exchange may occur
orthopneu. Some patients may experience orhtopneu at night called Paroksimal
nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
b. Cough
c. tiredness
Occurs because cardiac output less that inhibits tissue from normal circulation and
oxygen and the decrease of the disposal of the results of catabolism, also occur due
to increased energy used for breathing and insomnia that occurs due to respiratory
distress and cough.
d. Restlessness and anxiety
Caused by disruption of tissue oxygenation, stress due to pain in breathing and the
knowledge that the heart is not functioning properly.
3. Right Heart Failure
a. Congestive peripheral tissues and visceral.
b. Lower extremity edema (dependent edema), usually pitting edema, weight gain,
c. Hepatomegaly and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen caused
by enlarged veins in the liver.
d. Anorexia and nausea caused by enlargement of veins and venous static in the
abdominal cavity.
e. nocturia
f. Weakness