10.om Part D PDF

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: AA-2
AUTHORITY APPROVAL Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
Intentionally Blank
OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: DCL-1
DISTRIBUTION CONTROL LIST Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
DISTRIBUTION CONTROL LIST

The following title holders or office shall receive a hard copy of the Operations Manual Part
D (OM Part D) and the subsequent revisions:
No. Document Control No. Holder
1. JC/OM-D/001 JC Master
2. JC/OM-D/002 SSCA - Phnom Penh
3. JC/OM-D/003 Training Manager
4. JC/OM-D/004 Flight Operations Manager
5. JC/OM-D/005 Quality Assurance Director
6. JC/OM-D/006 Company Library
Hard copies shall be printed in A4 or A5 size for manuals used in the offices.

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: DCL-2
DISTRIBUTION CONTROL LIST Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
Intentionally Blank

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: RoR-1
RECORD OF REVISIONS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
RECORD OF REVISIONS
Operations Manual Part D (OM Part D) and its revisions (amendments) are published and
issued by the JC Cambodia International Airlines’ (JC Airlines’) Training Department.
Training Manager is responsible for its content (accuracy and adequacy of the information
provided in the manual), keeping the instructions and information up-to-date, notifying the
Authority (State Secretariat of Civil Aviation (SSCA)) of proposed changes and working
with the SSCA on changes requiring approval.
OM Part D and subsequent revisions (amendments) have to be approved by the SSCA in

advance of the issue date. The purpose of this process is to verify the adequacy of JC
Airlines’ systems and procedures, for keeping instructions and information under review
and for issuing timely revisions as necessary.
OM Part D shall be acceptable to the SSCA and shall be amended or revised as is

necessary to ensure that the information contained therein is kept up to date. All such
amendments or revisions shall be issued to all personnel that are required to use this
manual. OM Part D must be updated by implementing changes made mandatory or
approved by the SSCA.
Information taken from approved documents and any amendment of such approved
documentation must be implemented and reflected correctly in the OM Part D, and the OM
Part D must not contain information that is contrary to any approved documentation.
However, this requirement does not prevent JC Airlines from using more conservative data
and procedures.
Hard copy and the subsequent revisions will be issued to authorized holders (refer to
Distribution Control List), who shall acknowledge the receipt of revisions and sign the
record of revision sheet. A copy of OM Part D will be available to all training personnel and
trainees in electronic format. Revisions will be issued to operations personnel and relevant
approved third-party training providers in the form of a new electronic file containing the
complete manual.
Revisions will be numbered consecutively and shall be entered in the revision record sheet
to ensure that the manual is up-to-date; the compliance is confirmed when signed under
“Signature”. Revisions shall be inserted by all authorized users without delay. A break in
the numbers may indicate that a particular revision has not been received, and the holder
of the manual shall immediately request the missing revision through Training Department.
Each revision will include detailed instructions sheet, which shall be used to check the
completeness of the respective revision. If any page is found to be missing, Training
Department shall be notified immediately.
Training personnel and trainees shall get their copies of any additional training instructions
and information via their emails in electronic form and Company holders of the manual as

hard copies. Regulations and procedures of a temporary or informative nature shall be

published and are to be treated as part of this manual, whereby the responsibility for such
publication finally rests with the Training Manager.
JC Airlines remains responsible for the contents and accuracy of the manual and its
revisions. The authorized holders of this manual remain responsible for insertion of subject
revisions as soon as available.
Hand written revisions (amendments) are not permitted except in situations requiring
immediate amendment or revision in the interest of safety.

Entered by
Revision No Effective Date Revision Date Insertion Date
(Signature)
00 10 FEB 2017 10 JAN 2017
RETAIN THIS SHEET UNTIL REPLACED WITH NEW ISSUE
Revision No Content Summary
00 • New document

Intentionally Blank

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: RoARA-1
RECORD OF AUTHORITY REVISION APPROVALS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
RECORD OF AUTHORITY REVISION APPROVALS
Revision No Revision Date Authority Approval Signature Date
00 10 JAN 2017

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: RoARA-2
RECORD OF AUTHORITY REVISION APPROVALS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: RoTR-1
RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS

Temporary Revisions to this manual will be issued at irregular intervals. Temporary
Revisions will be issued on yellow pages and are to be inserted facing the appropriate
revisions on white pages. Do not remove white pages unless specified to do so.
List of Temporary Revisions

Inserted/Deleted
TR No Page Chapter Rev Date Status
Date By

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: RoTR-2
RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
Intentionally Blank

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: RoATRA-1
RECORD OF AUTHORITY TEMPORARY REVISION APPROVALS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
RECORD OF AUTHORITY TEMPORARY REVISION APPROVALS

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: RoATRA-2
RECORD OF AUTHORITY TEMPORARY REVISION APPROVALS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: RH-1
REVISION HIGHLIGHTS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
REVISION HIGHLIGHTS
Revision 00, 10 January 2017.
Reason for issue: New document.

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: RH-2
REVISION HIGHLIGHTS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
Intentionally Blank

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: LEP-1
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
Page Revision Date

AA-1 00 10 JAN 2017
AA-2 00 10 JAN 2017
DCL-1 00 10 JAN 2017
DCL-2 00 10 JAN 2017
RoR-1 00 10 JAN 2017
RoR-2 00 10 JAN 2017
RoR-3 00 10 JAN 2017
RoR-4 00 10 JAN 2017
RoARA-1 00 10 JAN 2017
RoARA-1 00 10 JAN 2017
RoTR-1 00 10 JAN 2017
RoTR-2 00 10 JAN 2017
RoATRA-1 00 10 JAN 2017
RoATRA-2 00 10 JAN 2017
RH-1 00 10 JAN 2017
RH-2 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-1 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-2 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-3 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-4 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-5 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-6 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-7 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-8 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-9 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-10 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-11 00 10 JAN 2017
LEP-12 00 10 JAN 2017
MI-1 00 10 JAN 2017
MI-2 00 10 JAN 2017
ToC-1 00 10 JAN 2017
ToC-2 00 10 JAN 2017
ToC-3 00 10 JAN 2017
ToC-4 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

ToC-5 00 10 JAN 2017
ToC-6 00 10 JAN 2017
ToC-7 00 10 JAN 2017
ToC-8 00 10 JAN 2017
ToC-9 00 10 JAN 2017
ToC-10 00 10 JAN 2017
0-1 00 10 JAN 2017
0-2 00 10 JAN 2017
0-3 00 10 JAN 2017
0-4 00 10 JAN 2017
0-5 00 10 JAN 2017
0-6 00 10 JAN 2017
0-7 00 10 JAN 2017
0-8 00 10 JAN 2017
0-9 00 10 JAN 2017
0-10 00 10 JAN 2017
0-11 00 10 JAN 2017
0-12 00 10 JAN 2017
0-13 00 10 JAN 2017
0-14 00 10 JAN 2017
0-15 00 10 JAN 2017
0-16 00 10 JAN 2017
1-1 00 10 JAN 2017
1-2 00 10 JAN 2017
1-3 00 10 JAN 2017
1-4 00 10 JAN 2017
1-5 00 10 JAN 2017
1-6 00 10 JAN 2017
1-7 00 10 JAN 2017
1-8 00 10 JAN 2017
1-9 00 10 JAN 2017
1-10 00 10 JAN 2017
1-11 00 10 JAN 2017
1-12 00 10 JAN 2017
1-13 00 10 JAN 2017
1-14 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

1-15 00 10 JAN 2017
1-16 00 10 JAN 2017
1-17 00 10 JAN 2017
1-18 00 10 JAN 2017
1-19 00 10 JAN 2017
1-20 00 10 JAN 2017
1-21 00 10 JAN 2017
1-22 00 10 JAN 2017
1-23 00 10 JAN 2017
1-24 00 10 JAN 2017
1-25 00 10 JAN 2017
1-26 00 10 JAN 2017
1-27 00 10 JAN 2017
1-28 00 10 JAN 2017
1-29 00 10 JAN 2017
1-30 00 10 JAN 2017
1-31 00 10 JAN 2017
1-32 00 10 JAN 2017
1-33 00 10 JAN 2017
1-34 00 10 JAN 2017
1-35 00 10 JAN 2017
1-36 00 10 JAN 2017
1-37 00 10 JAN 2017
1-38 00 10 JAN 2017
1-39 00 10 JAN 2017
1-40 00 10 JAN 2017
2-1 00 10 JAN 2017
2-2 00 10 JAN 2017
2-3 00 10 JAN 2017
2-4 00 10 JAN 2017
2-5 00 10 JAN 2017
2-6 00 10 JAN 2017
2-7 00 10 JAN 2017
2-8 00 10 JAN 2017
2-9 00 10 JAN 2017
2-10 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

2-11 00 10 JAN 2017
2-12 00 10 JAN 2017
2-13 00 10 JAN 2017
2-14 00 10 JAN 2017
2-15 00 10 JAN 2017
2-16 00 10 JAN 2017
2-17 00 10 JAN 2017
2-18 00 10 JAN 2017
2-19 00 10 JAN 2017
2-20 00 10 JAN 2017
2-21 00 10 JAN 2017
2-22 00 10 JAN 2017
2-23 00 10 JAN 2017
2-24 00 10 JAN 2017
2-25 00 10 JAN 2017
2-26 00 10 JAN 2017
2-27 00 10 JAN 2017
2-28 00 10 JAN 2017
2-29 00 10 JAN 2017
2-30 00 10 JAN 2017
2-31 00 10 JAN 2017
2-32 00 10 JAN 2017
2-33 00 10 JAN 2017
2-34 00 10 JAN 2017
2-35 00 10 JAN 2017
2-36 00 10 JAN 2017
2-37 00 10 JAN 2017
2-38 00 10 JAN 2017
2-39 00 10 JAN 2017
2-40 00 10 JAN 2017
2-41 00 10 JAN 2017
2-42 00 10 JAN 2017
2-43 00 10 JAN 2017
2-44 00 10 JAN 2017
2-45 00 10 JAN 2017
2-46 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

2-47 00 10 JAN 2017
2-48 00 10 JAN 2017
2-49 00 10 JAN 2017
2-50 00 10 JAN 2017
2-51 00 10 JAN 2017
2-52 00 10 JAN 2017
2-53 00 10 JAN 2017
2-54 00 10 JAN 2017
2-55 00 10 JAN 2017
2-56 00 10 JAN 2017
2-57 00 10 JAN 2017
2-58 00 10 JAN 2017
2-59 00 10 JAN 2017
2-60 00 10 JAN 2017
2-61 00 10 JAN 2017
2-62 00 10 JAN 2017
2-63 00 10 JAN 2017
2-64 00 10 JAN 2017
2-65 00 10 JAN 2017
2-66 00 10 JAN 2017
2-67 00 10 JAN 2017
2-68 00 10 JAN 2017
2-69 00 10 JAN 2017
2-70 00 10 JAN 2017
2-71 00 10 JAN 2017
2-72 00 10 JAN 2017
3-1 00 10 JAN 2017
3-2 00 10 JAN 2017
3-3 00 10 JAN 2017
3-4 00 10 JAN 2017
3-5 00 10 JAN 2017
3-6 00 10 JAN 2017
3-7 00 10 JAN 2017
3-8 00 10 JAN 2017
3-9 00 10 JAN 2017
3-10 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

3-11 00 10 JAN 2017
3-12 00 10 JAN 2017
3-13 00 10 JAN 2017
3-14 00 10 JAN 2017
3-15 00 10 JAN 2017
3-16 00 10 JAN 2017
3-17 00 10 JAN 2017
3-18 00 10 JAN 2017
3-19 00 10 JAN 2017
3-20 00 10 JAN 2017
4-1 00 10 JAN 2017
4-2 00 10 JAN 2017
4-3 00 10 JAN 2017
4-4 00 10 JAN 2017
4-5 00 10 JAN 2017
4-6 00 10 JAN 2017
5-1 00 10 JAN 2017
5-2 00 10 JAN 2017
5-3 00 10 JAN 2017
5-4 00 10 JAN 2017
5-5 00 10 JAN 2017
5-6 00 10 JAN 2017
5-7 00 10 JAN 2017
5-8 00 10 JAN 2017
5-9 00 10 JAN 2017
5-10 00 10 JAN 2017
5-11 00 10 JAN 2017
5-12 00 10 JAN 2017
5-13 00 10 JAN 2017
5-14 00 10 JAN 2017
5-15 00 10 JAN 2017
5-16 00 10 JAN 2017
5-17 00 10 JAN 2017
5-18 00 10 JAN 2017
5-19 00 10 JAN 2017
5-20 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

5-21 00 10 JAN 2017
5-22 00 10 JAN 2017
5-23 00 10 JAN 2017
5-24 00 10 JAN 2017
5-25 00 10 JAN 2017
5-26 00 10 JAN 2017
5-27 00 10 JAN 2017
5-28 00 10 JAN 2017
5-29 00 10 JAN 2017
5-30 00 10 JAN 2017
5-31 00 10 JAN 2017
5-32 00 10 JAN 2017
5-33 00 10 JAN 2017
5-34 00 10 JAN 2017
5-35 00 10 JAN 2017
5-36 00 10 JAN 2017
5-37 00 10 JAN 2017
5-38 00 10 JAN 2017
5-39 00 10 JAN 2017
5-40 00 10 JAN 2017
5-41 00 10 JAN 2017
5-42 00 10 JAN 2017
5-43 00 10 JAN 2017
5-44 00 10 JAN 2017
5-45 00 10 JAN 2017
5-46 00 10 JAN 2017
5-47 00 10 JAN 2017
5-48 00 10 JAN 2017
5-49 00 10 JAN 2017
5-50 00 10 JAN 2017
5-51 00 10 JAN 2017
5-52 00 10 JAN 2017
5-53 00 10 JAN 2017
5-54 00 10 JAN 2017
5-55 00 10 JAN 2017
5-56 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

5-57 00 10 JAN 2017
5-58 00 10 JAN 2017
5-59 00 10 JAN 2017
5-60 00 10 JAN 2017
5-61 00 10 JAN 2017
5-62 00 10 JAN 2017
5-63 00 10 JAN 2017
5-64 00 10 JAN 2017
5-65 00 10 JAN 2017
5-66 00 10 JAN 2017
5-67 00 10 JAN 2017
5-68 00 10 JAN 2017
5-69 00 10 JAN 2017
5-70 00 10 JAN 2017
5-71 00 10 JAN 2017
5-72 00 10 JAN 2017
5-73 00 10 JAN 2017
5-74 00 10 JAN 2017
5-75 00 10 JAN 2017
5-76 00 10 JAN 2017
5-77 00 10 JAN 2017
5-78 00 10 JAN 2017
5-79 00 10 JAN 2017
5-80 00 10 JAN 2017
5-81 00 10 JAN 2017
5-82 00 10 JAN 2017
5-83 00 10 JAN 2017
5-84 00 10 JAN 2017
5-85 00 10 JAN 2017
5-86 00 10 JAN 2017
5-87 00 10 JAN 2017
5-88 00 10 JAN 2017
5-89 00 10 JAN 2017
5-90 00 10 JAN 2017
5-91 00 10 JAN 2017
5-92 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

5-93 00 10 JAN 2017
5-94 00 10 JAN 2017
5-95 00 10 JAN 2017
5-96 00 10 JAN 2017
5-97 00 10 JAN 2017
5-98 00 10 JAN 2017
5-99 00 10 JAN 2017
5-100 00 10 JAN 2017
5-101 00 10 JAN 2017
5-102 00 10 JAN 2017
5-103 00 10 JAN 2017
5-104 00 10 JAN 2017
5-105 00 10 JAN 2017
5-106 00 10 JAN 2017
5-107 00 10 JAN 2017
5-108 00 10 JAN 2017
5-109 00 10 JAN 2017
5-110 00 10 JAN 2017
5-111 00 10 JAN 2017
5-112 00 10 JAN 2017
5-113 00 10 JAN 2017
5-114 00 10 JAN 2017
5-115 00 10 JAN 2017
5-116 00 10 JAN 2017
5-117 00 10 JAN 2017
5-118 00 10 JAN 2017
5-119 00 10 JAN 2017
5-120 00 10 JAN 2017
5-121 00 10 JAN 2017
5-122 00 10 JAN 2017
5-123 00 10 JAN 2017
5-124 00 10 JAN 2017
5-125 00 10 JAN 2017
5-126 00 10 JAN 2017
5-127 00 10 JAN 2017
5-128 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

5-129 00 10 JAN 2017
5-130 00 10 JAN 2017
5-131 00 10 JAN 2017
5-132 00 10 JAN 2017
5-133 00 10 JAN 2017
5-134 00 10 JAN 2017
5-135 00 10 JAN 2017
5-136 00 10 JAN 2017
5-137 00 10 JAN 2017
5-138 00 10 JAN 2017
5-139 00 10 JAN 2017
5-140 00 10 JAN 2017
5-141 00 10 JAN 2017
5-142 00 10 JAN 2017
5-143 00 10 JAN 2017
5-144 00 10 JAN 2017
5-145 00 10 JAN 2017
5-146 00 10 JAN 2017
5-147 00 10 JAN 2017
5-148 00 10 JAN 2017
5-149 00 10 JAN 2017
5-150 00 10 JAN 2017
5-151 00 10 JAN 2017
5-152 00 10 JAN 2017
5-153 00 10 JAN 2017
5-154 00 10 JAN 2017
5-155 00 10 JAN 2017
5-156 00 10 JAN 2017
5-157 00 10 JAN 2017
5-158 00 10 JAN 2017
5-159 00 10 JAN 2017
5-160 00 10 JAN 2017
5-161 00 10 JAN 2017
5-162 00 10 JAN 2017
5-163 00 10 JAN 2017
5-164 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

5-165 00 10 JAN 2017
5-166 00 10 JAN 2017
5-167 00 10 JAN 2017
5-168 00 10 JAN 2017
5-169 00 10 JAN 2017
5-170 00 10 JAN 2017
5-171 00 10 JAN 2017
5-172 00 10 JAN 2017
5-173 00 10 JAN 2017
5-174 00 10 JAN 2017
5-175 00 10 JAN 2017
5-176 00 10 JAN 2017
5-177 00 10 JAN 2017
5-178 00 10 JAN 2017
6-1 00 10 JAN 2017
6-2 00 10 JAN 2017
6-3 00 10 JAN 2017
6-4 00 10 JAN 2017
6-5 00 10 JAN 2017
6-6 00 10 JAN 2017
6-7 00 10 JAN 2017
6-8 00 10 JAN 2017
6-9 00 10 JAN 2017
6-10 00 10 JAN 2017
6-11 00 10 JAN 2017
6-12 00 10 JAN 2017
6-13 00 10 JAN 2017
6-14 00 10 JAN 2017
6-15 00 10 JAN 2017
6-16 00 10 JAN 2017
6-17 00 10 JAN 2017
6-18 00 10 JAN 2017
6-19 00 10 JAN 2017
6-20 00 10 JAN 2017
6-21 00 10 JAN 2017
6-22 00 10 JAN 2017

Page Revision Date

6-23 00 10 JAN 2017
6-24 00 10 JAN 2017
7-1 00 10 JAN 2017
7-2 00 10 JAN 2017
8-1 00 10 JAN 2017
8-2 00 10 JAN 2017
9-1 00 10 JAN 2017
9-2 00 10 JAN 2017

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: MI-1
MASTER INDEX Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
MASTER INDEX
Reserved.

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: MI-2
MASTER INDEX Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
Intentionally Blank

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: ToC-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHORITY APPROVAL
DISTRIBUTION CONTROL LIST
RECORD OF REVISIONS
RECORD OF AUTHORITY REVISION APPROVALS
RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS
RECORD OF AUTHORITY TEMPORARY REVISION APPROVALS
REVISION HIGHLIGHTS
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
MASTER INDEX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
0 GENERAL INFORMATION .................................................................................................................. 0-1
0.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 0-1
0.2 Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 0-2
0.3 Organization and Identification ....................................................................................................... 0-4
0.3.1 Organization ....................................................................................................................... 0-4
0.3.2 Identification ....................................................................................................................... 0-4
0.4 Terminology .................................................................................................................................... 0-5
0.4.1 Terms ................................................................................................................................. 0-5
0.4.2 Synonyms ........................................................................................................................... 0-6
0.5 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 0-7
0.6 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 0-12
1 TRAINING SYLLABI AND CHECKING PROGRAMMES - GENERAL ............................................... 1-1
1.1 Training and Checking – General Policies ..................................................................................... 1-1
1.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1.2 Training Principles .............................................................................................................. 1-3
1.1.3 Common Language ............................................................................................................ 1-3
1.1.4 Records .............................................................................................................................. 1-4
1.1.5 Progress Reports................................................................................................................ 1-5
1.1.6 Exercises not Completed during Training Detail ................................................................ 1-6
1.1.7 Interruption to Training ....................................................................................................... 1-6
1.1.8 Trend Analysis Program ..................................................................................................... 1-7
1.1.9 Checking and Assessment ................................................................................................. 1-8
1.2 Training and Checking - Organisation .......................................................................................... 1-12
1.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 1-12
1.2.2 Training Manager ............................................................................................................. 1-13
1.2.3 Chief Instructor on Aircraft Type ....................................................................................... 1-14
1.2.4 Chief Cabin Crew Instructor ............................................................................................. 1-14
1.2.5 Chief Ground Instructor .................................................................................................... 1-15
1.2.6 Segregation of Training and Checking ............................................................................. 1-15
1.2.7 Inappropriate Interference ................................................................................................ 1-15
1.3 Training Syllabus .......................................................................................................................... 1-16
1.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 1-16
1.3.2 Standardisation................................................................................................................. 1-16
1.3.3 Briefings and Debriefings ................................................................................................. 1-17

1.3.4 Ground Training and Checking ........................................................................................ 1-19

1.3.5 Simulator Training and Checking ..................................................................................... 1-21
1.3.6 Base (Flight) Training ....................................................................................................... 1-24
1.3.7 Aeroplane Training and Checking .................................................................................... 1-25
1.4 Training Materials and Documents ............................................................................................... 1-26
1.5 Training Facilities and Devices ..................................................................................................... 1-27
1.5.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 1-27
1.5.2 Classrooms....................................................................................................................... 1-27
1.5.3 Computer Based Training (CBT) Devices ........................................................................ 1-28
1.5.4 Synthetic and other Training Devices............................................................................... 1-28
1.5.5 Flight Simulators ............................................................................................................... 1-29
1.5.6 Aeroplanes ....................................................................................................................... 1-31
1.6 Training Courses .......................................................................................................................... 1-32
1.6.1 Flight Crew ....................................................................................................................... 1-32
1.6.2 Cabin Crew ....................................................................................................................... 1-32
1.6.3 Flight Operations Officers / Flight Dispatchers ................................................................. 1-32
1.7 Training and Checking Personnel ................................................................................................ 1-34
1.7.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 1-34
1.7.2 Duties and Responsibilities .............................................................................................. 1-35
1.7.3 Instructors and Examiners - Flight Crew .......................................................................... 1-35
1.7.4 Ground Instructors ............................................................................................................ 1-37
1.7.5 Cabin Crew Instructors ..................................................................................................... 1-38
1.7.6 Flight Dispatcher Instructors ............................................................................................. 1-38
1.8 Duty Period Limitations ................................................................................................................. 1-39
1.8.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 1-39
1.8.2 Ground Training................................................................................................................ 1-39
1.8.3 Simulator Training ............................................................................................................ 1-39
1.8.4 Base (Flight) Training ....................................................................................................... 1-39
1.8.5 Line Training ..................................................................................................................... 1-40
1.8.6 Reporting Times ............................................................................................................... 1-40
1.8.7 Rest Periods (Instructors and Trainees) .......................................................................... 1-40
2 TRAINING SYLLABI AND CHECKING - SPECIFIC ............................................................................ 2-1
2.1 Flight Crew ...................................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 Training, Checking and Qualification Course Procedures ................................................. 2-1
2.1.2 Conversion Course ............................................................................................................. 2-7
2.1.3 Trainings Relevant to JC Airlines’ Specific Authorizations ............................................... 2-21
2.1.4 Differences and Familiarization Training .......................................................................... 2-24
2.1.5 Nomination as Pilot-In-Command (Commander) ............................................................. 2-25
2.1.6 Qualification to operate in the right-hand Seat ................................................................. 2-30
2.1.7 Cruise Relief Captain Training and Checking .................................................................. 2-30
2.1.8 Route and Aerodrome Competence Qualification Training ............................................. 2-30
2.1.9 Line Training Captains Training ....................................................................................... 2-32
2.1.10 Type Rating Instructors (TRI) Training ............................................................................. 2-32
2.1.11 Recurrent (Refresher) Training ........................................................................................ 2-32
2.1.12 Recency ............................................................................................................................ 2-46
2.2 Cabin Crew ................................................................................................................................... 2-47
2.2.1 Initial Cabin Crew Training ............................................................................................... 2-47
2.2.2 Cabin Crew in Charge (CIC) Training .............................................................................. 2-58
2.2.3 Cabin Crew Instructor Training ......................................................................................... 2-60
2.2.4 Recurrent Training and Checking..................................................................................... 2-61
2.2.5 Recency ............................................................................................................................ 2-64
2.2.6 Conversion and Differences Training ............................................................................... 2-65

2.2.7 Additional Training and Checking..................................................................................... 2-66

2.3 Operations Personnel including Crew Members .......................................................................... 2-67
2.3.1 Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air.............................................................................. 2-67
2.3.2 Security Training............................................................................................................... 2-67
2.4 Operations Personnel other than Crew Members ........................................................................ 2-69
2.4.1 Flight Operations Officers (Flight Dispatchers) ................................................................ 2-69
2.4.2 Flight Operations Officer Instructor .................................................................................. 2-71
3 PROCEDURES ..................................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Procedures for Training and Checking ........................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 Flight Crew ......................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.2 Cabin Crew ......................................................................................................................... 3-8
3.1.3 Operations Personnel other than Crew .............................................................................. 3-9
3.2 Procedures to be Applied in the Event that Personnel Do Not Achieve or Maintain Required
Standards ...................................................................................................................................... 3-10
3.2.1 Flight Crew ....................................................................................................................... 3-10
3.2.2 Cabin Crew ....................................................................................................................... 3-14
3.2.3 Flight Operations Officer .................................................................................................. 3-15
3.3 Procedures to ensure that Abnormal or Emergency Situations are not simulated during
Commercial Air Transportation Flights ......................................................................................... 3-17
3.4 Periodic Evaluation of Instructors, Examiners, Line Training Captains ........................................ 3-19
4 TRAINING DOCUMENTATION & STORAGE PERIODS .................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Training Syllabi and Documentation ............................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 Training Records Format .................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.3 Training Documentation Checks ........................................................................................ 4-1
4.2 Access to Training Records ............................................................................................................ 4-2
4.3 Training Documentation Retention ................................................................................................. 4-3
4.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................... 4-3
4.3.2 Flight Crew Records ........................................................................................................... 4-4
4.3.3 Cabin Crew Records .......................................................................................................... 4-4
4.3.4 Records for Other Operations Personnel ........................................................................... 4-5
5 TRAINING PROGRAMMES SYLLABUS ............................................................................................. 5-1
5.1 Introduction to JC Airlines ............................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.2 Guidance Material .............................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.3 Target Group ...................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.4 Training ............................................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.5 Minimum Qualification (Requirements) .............................................................................. 5-1
5.1.6 Syllabus and Content ......................................................................................................... 5-2
5.1.7 Duration .............................................................................................................................. 5-3
5.1.8 Instructors ........................................................................................................................... 5-3
5.1.9 Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 5-3
5.1.10 Validity, Revalidation and Renewal .................................................................................... 5-3
5.1.11 Remarks ............................................................................................................................. 5-3
5.2 Company Operations Procedures Training .................................................................................... 5-5
5.2.1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 5-5
5.2.2 Guidance Material .............................................................................................................. 5-5
5.2.3 Target Group ...................................................................................................................... 5-5
5.2.4 Training ............................................................................................................................... 5-5
5.2.5 Minimum Qualification (Requirements) .............................................................................. 5-5
5.2.6 Syllabus and Content ......................................................................................................... 5-6

5.2.7 Duration .............................................................................................................................. 5-9

5.2.8 Instructors ........................................................................................................................... 5-9
5.2.9 Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 5-9
5.2.10 Validity, Revalidation and Renewal .................................................................................... 5-9
5.2.11 Remarks ............................................................................................................................. 5-9
5.3 Performance / Flight Planning / Weight & Balance....................................................................... 5-11
5.3.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-11
5.3.2 Guidance material ............................................................................................................ 5-11
5.3.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-11
5.3.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-11
5.3.5 Minimum Qualification (Requirements) ............................................................................ 5-11
5.3.6 Syllabus and Content ....................................................................................................... 5-12
5.3.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-18
5.3.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-18
5.3.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-18
5.3.10 Validity, Revalidation and Renewal .................................................................................. 5-18
5.3.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-18
5.4 Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training ............................................................................. 5-19
5.4.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-19
5.4.2 Guidance Material ............................................................................................................ 5-19
5.4.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-19
5.4.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-19
5.4.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-25
5.4.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-25
5.4.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-25
5.4.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-25
5.5 Safety and Emergency Procedures Training ................................................................................ 5-27
5.5.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-27
5.5.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-27
5.5.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-27
5.5.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-34
5.5.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-34
5.5.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-34
5.5.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-34
5.6 First Aid Training ........................................................................................................................... 5-35
5.6.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-35
5.6.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-35
5.6.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-35
5.6.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-39
5.6.8 Instructors/Examiners ....................................................................................................... 5-39
5.6.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-39

5.6.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-39

5.7 Security Training ........................................................................................................................... 5-41
5.7.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-41
5.7.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-41
5.7.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-41
5.7.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-43
5.7.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-43
5.7.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-43
5.8 Dangerous Goods Training........................................................................................................... 5-45
5.8.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-45
5.8.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-45
5.8.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-45
5.8.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-47
5.8.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-48
5.8.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-48
5.9 Route and Aerodrome Competence Qualification Training .......................................................... 5-49
5.9.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-49
5.9.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-49
5.9.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-49
5.9.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-50
5.9.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-50
5.9.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-51
5.9.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-51
5.10 Knowledge Test for Licence Validation ........................................................................................ 5-53
5.10.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-53
5.10.2 Guidance material ............................................................................................................ 5-53
5.10.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-53
5.10.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-53
5.10.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-54
5.10.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-54
5.10.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-54
5.10.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-54
5.11 Cold/Adverse Weather Operations ............................................................................................... 5-55
5.11.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-55

5.11.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-55

5.11.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-55
5.11.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-58
5.11.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-58
5.11.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-58
5.11.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-58
5.12 RVSM Training.............................................................................................................................. 5-59
5.12.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-59
5.12.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-59
5.12.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-59
5.12.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-61
5.12.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-61
5.12.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-61
5.12.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-61
5.13 PBN Training................................................................................................................................. 5-63
5.13.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-63
5.13.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-63
5.13.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-63
5.13.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-65
5.13.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-65
5.13.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-66
5.14 All Weather Operations Training................................................................................................... 5-67
5.15 Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) Training ............................................................... 5-69
5.15.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-69
5.15.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-69
5.15.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-69
5.15.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-72
5.15.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-72
5.15.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-72
5.15.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-73
5.16 EFB Training ................................................................................................................................. 5-75
5.17 Pilot Transit Check (Exterior Walkaround) Training ..................................................................... 5-77
5.17.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-77
5.17.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-77
5.17.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-77


5.17.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-78
5.17.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-78
5.17.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-79
5.17.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-79
5.18 Differences and Familiarization Training ...................................................................................... 5-81
5.18.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-81
5.18.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-81
5.18.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-81
5.18.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-83
5.18.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-83
5.18.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-83
5.18.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-83
5.19 Qualification for Captain to operate in the right-hand Seat .......................................................... 5-85
5.19.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-85
5.19.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-85
5.19.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-85
5.19.7 Duration ............................................................................................................................ 5-86
5.19.8 Instructors ......................................................................................................................... 5-86
5.19.9 Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 5-86
5.19.11 Remarks ........................................................................................................................... 5-87
5.20 Cruise Relief Captain TraininG ..................................................................................................... 5-89
5.21 Command Upgrade Course .......................................................................................................... 5-91
5.21.1 Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5-91
5.21.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................... 5-91
5.21.4 Training ............................................................................................................................. 5-91
5.21.7 Duration .......................................................................................................................... 5-113
5.21.8 Instructors ....................................................................................................................... 5-113
5.21.9 Assessment .................................................................................................................... 5-113
5.21.10 Validity, Revalidation and Renewal ................................................................................ 5-113
5.21.11 Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 5-114
5.22 Line Training Captain Qualification Training ............................................................................... 5-115
5.23 Base (Flight) Training ................................................................................................................. 5-117
5.23.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 5-117
5.23.2 Guidance Material .......................................................................................................... 5-117
5.23.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................. 5-117
5.23.4 Training ........................................................................................................................... 5-117
5.23.5 Minimum Qualification (Requirements) .......................................................................... 5-117
5.23.6 Syllabus and Content ..................................................................................................... 5-118

5.23.7 Duration .......................................................................................................................... 5-119

5.23.8 Instructors ....................................................................................................................... 5-119
5.23.9 Assessment .................................................................................................................... 5-119
5.23.11 Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 5-119
5.24 Familiarisation (Observation) Flights Training ............................................................................ 5-121
5.24.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 5-121
5.24.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................. 5-121
5.24.4 Training ........................................................................................................................... 5-121
5.24.7 Duration .......................................................................................................................... 5-122
5.24.8 Instructors ....................................................................................................................... 5-122
5.24.9 Assessment .................................................................................................................... 5-122
5.24.11 Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 5-123
5.25 Line Flying Under Supervision Training ...................................................................................... 5-125
5.25.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 5-125
5.25.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................. 5-126
5.25.4 Training ........................................................................................................................... 5-126
5.25.7 Duration .......................................................................................................................... 5-136
5.25.8 Instructors ....................................................................................................................... 5-136
5.25.9 Assessment .................................................................................................................... 5-136
5.25.11 Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 5-137
5.26 Cabin Crew Initial Training .......................................................................................................... 5-138
5.26.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 5-138
5.26.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................. 5-138
5.26.4 Training ........................................................................................................................... 5-138
5.26.5 Minimum Qualification Requirements............................................................................. 5-138
5.26.7 Duration .......................................................................................................................... 5-152
5.26.8 Instructors ....................................................................................................................... 5-152
5.26.9 Assessment .................................................................................................................... 5-152
5.26.10 Validity, Revalidation ...................................................................................................... 5-152
5.26.11 Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 5-152
5.27 Cabin Crew in Charge (CIC) Training ......................................................................................... 5-153
5.27.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 5-153
5.27.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................. 5-153
5.27.4 Training ........................................................................................................................... 5-153
5.27.7 Duration .......................................................................................................................... 5-160
5.27.8 Instructors ....................................................................................................................... 5-160
5.27.9 Assessment .................................................................................................................... 5-160

5.27.11 Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 5-161

5.28 Cabin Crew Instructor Training ................................................................................................... 5-163
5.28.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 5-163
5.28.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................. 5-163
5.28.4 Training ........................................................................................................................... 5-163
5.28.7 Duration .......................................................................................................................... 5-166
5.28.8 Instructors ....................................................................................................................... 5-166
5.28.9 Assessment .................................................................................................................... 5-166
5.28.11 Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 5-166
5.29 Cabin Crew Conversion and Differences Training ..................................................................... 5-167
5.29.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 5-167
5.29.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................. 5-167
5.29.4 Training ........................................................................................................................... 5-167
5.29.7 Duration .......................................................................................................................... 5-172
5.29.8 Instructors ....................................................................................................................... 5-172
5.29.9 Assessment .................................................................................................................... 5-172
5.29.11 Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 5-172
5.30 Flight Operations Officer (Flight Dispatcher) Initial Training ....................................................... 5-173
5.30.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 5-173
5.30.3 Target Group .................................................................................................................. 5-173
5.30.4 Training ........................................................................................................................... 5-173
5.30.7 Duration .......................................................................................................................... 5-178
5.30.8 Instructors ....................................................................................................................... 5-178
5.30.9 Assessment .................................................................................................................... 5-178
5.30.11 Remarks ......................................................................................................................... 5-178
6 FORMS .................................................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1 Flight Crew Line Training Form ...................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Progress Evaluation Form (example) ............................................................................................. 6-2
6.3 Pilot Assessment Form ................................................................................................................... 6-3
6.4 Line Check Form ............................................................................................................................ 6-4
6.5 Aerodrome and Route Competence Qualification Form ................................................................ 6-5
6.6 OPC / PPC Certificate Form ........................................................................................................... 6-6
6.7 Training Course Feedback Form .................................................................................................... 6-8
6.8 Training and Checking Feedback Form ....................................................................................... 6-10
6.9 Answer Sheet for Ground Training Examinations ........................................................................ 6-11
6.10 Cabin Crew Line Training and Line Check Form.......................................................................... 6-12
6.11 Cabin Crew Instructor LINE CHECK FORM ................................................................................. 6-16
6.12 CIC Line Check Form ................................................................................................................... 6-18
6.13 Cabin Crew Evaluation Form ........................................................................................................ 6-20
6.14 Planned Emergency Assessment Form ....................................................................................... 6-22

6.15 Unplanned Emergency Assessment Form ................................................................................... 6-24

7 LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING PERSONNEL ................................................................................. 7-1
7.1 Flight Crew Training Personnel ...................................................................................................... 7-1
7.2 Cabin Crew Training Personnel ...................................................................................................... 7-1
7.3 Ground Instructors .......................................................................................................................... 7-1
8 LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING AIRCRAFT ..................................................................................... 8-1
9 LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING DEVICES ........................................................................................ 9-1

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-1
GENERAL INFORMATION Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
0 GENERAL INFORMATION
0.1 INTRODUCTION
JC Airlines Operations Manual Part D (OM Part D) is prepared and structured in

accordance with the AOCR (Cambodia Air Operators Certificates Requirements – Issue 1:
12 May 2008; Issue 6: 19 Sept. 2011) and Cambodia Civil Aviation Regulation (CCAR). It
clearly outlines the policies and procedures governing the principles involved in the
training of the flight crew, cabin crew and flight dispatchers.
JC Airlines OM Part D is issued under the authority of the Training Manager, who is the
post holder responsible for crew training.
The Authority (State Secretariat of Civil Aviation - SSCA) will be notified when the
amendment/revision concerns any part of this manual which must normally be approved
by the SSCA.
The training policies as stated in OM Part D are regarded by the SSCA as the primary
indication of the standards of training and testing to be achieved by JC Airlines, therefore
only documents published and/or authorized by JC Airlines are to be used by the
appointed training personnel for crew training and examination purposes.
In order to control and regulate all training functions necessary to ensure safe, efficient
and legal flight operations, this manual contains specific requirements concerning, but not
limited to, the following:
• Responsibilities of training management and personnel;
• Structure of the Training Department;
• Training syllabi for all the trainings applicable to JC Airlines;
• Qualification criteria for training personnel;
• Training requirements applicable to training personnel.
This manual is approved by the SSCA and describes the organization of training within JC
Airlines, the contents of all training programs, the procedures used to conduct the training,
and the records required to document the completion of training.

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-2
0.2 CONTENTS
Operations Manual Part D, referred to as OM Part D, is for the use and guidance of all
trainees and company personnel assigned to training duties. A copy of OM Part D or its
relevant part(s) will be issued to operations personnel in electronic format. Copies of OM
Part D will also be made available to non-Company personnel who may be authorised to
carry out training on behalf of JC Airlines (e.g. aircraft manufacturers’ personnel or
personnel from other approved training organisations who may be employed to conduct
conversion training to a new aircraft type) to ensure that all JC Airlines training is planned
and executed in accordance with its policies and requirements.
OM Part D should be used both as the reference document and for the practical
implementation of crew training. Instructors and checking personnel are required to have
easy access to the OM Part D which is relevant to their duties.
This manual in conjunction with OM Part A, Chapter 5, and, when applicable, authorized
third party ATO/TRTO Training Manuals, specifies and provides for the requirements,
contents, standards and procedures to be adhered to and used for all JC Airlines training
of flight crew, cabin crew, flight operations officers/flight dispatchers, and other flight
operations personnel, as applicable. It addresses the training, qualification, checking and
certification requirements, and use for those flight operations personnel assigned to
operational duties in connection with the training of flight crew, cabin crew and flight
dispatchers. All instructors shall comply with the OM Part D requirements.
In addition, Chapter 5 of the OM Part A, which interfaces and is cross referenced to the
content of the OM Part D, describes the qualification requirements and requirements for
licensing and ratings training and checking, for JC Airlines flight crew, cabin crew and flight
operations officers/flight dispatchers.
The purpose of this manual is to describe the details of all relevant training programmes,
policies, procedures, requirements and other guidance or information necessary to
administer JC Airlines’ training programmes, in order to fulfil the training and checking of
the above mentioned personnel, in accordance with the SSCA requirements and
applicable licensing regulations.
The following matters are covered in JC Airlines’ OM Part D:

• Requirements in respect of the qualifications, training and experience of training
staff;
• A comprehensive statement of the duties and responsibilities of all training staff,
which should include their names, the type of training and/or testing which they may
conduct, and the types of aircraft used by the operator;
• Minimum standards of experience and of initial and periodical training to be met by
all aircraft crew for each type of aircraft used by the operator;
• Detailed syllabi and specimen record forms for all training and testing;

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-3
• Arrangements for administering and recording the periodical tests of all aircraft crew
(flight and cabin crew);
• Methods of simulating instrument flight conditions;
• Methods of simulating engine failure;
• Procedures for touch-and-go or stop-and-go landings, including flap settings,
minimum runway lengths, brake cooling requirements and handling techniques;
• Limitations on training and testing in the course of flights for the purpose of public
transport;
• Instructions covering retesting and retraining after unsatisfactory performance or
periods off flying due to illness or other causes;
• The use of flight simulators;
• Upset prevention and recovery training;
• The assessment and training of crew in the use of Crew Resource Management
and Human Factors.

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-4
0.3 ORGANIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION

0.3.1 Organization
The manual is divided into chapters. Each chapter is divided into sections. Sections may
be subdivided into one or more subsections and paragraphs, categorized by the subject or
type of information presented. Within each chapter the pages are numbered.
Example: OM part D, 2.1.1.1 Flight Crew Member Selection and Screening
Operations Manual Part Chapter Section Subsection Paragraph Title
Additions, changes or deletions are identified by a vertical line on the left hand side of the
revised page, marking the horizontal where changes or deletions occurred. Purely
redactional changes will not be marked.
0.3.2 Identification
Identification of OM Part D document is done via page headers and footers.
Header:
JC Airlines logo Number of the chapter Page [chapter-page number]
Name of the chapter Number and date of revision
Footer:
Name of the manual Airline company

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-5
0.4 TERMINOLOGY
0.4.1 Terms
When used in the OM Part D, the following terms shall have the following meaning:
• “Shall”, “will”, “must” or an action verb in the imperative sense means that the
application of a rule or procedure or provision is mandatory.
• “Should” means that the application of a procedure or provision is recommended.
• “May” means that the application of a procedure or provision is optional.
• “No person may...” or “a person may not...” mean that no person is required,
authorised, or permitted to do the act concerned.
• “Approved” means the Authority has reviewed the method, procedure or policy in
question and issued an approval.
• “Acceptable” means the Authority or the Company has reviewed the method,
procedure or policy and has neither objected to nor approved its proposed use or
implementation.
• “Prescribed” means the Authority or the Company has issued a written policy or
methodology which imposes either a mandatory requirement, if it states “shall”,
“will”, “must” or an action verb in the imperative sense, are commended requirement
if it states “should” or a discretionary requirement if it states “may”.
• “Note” is used when an operating procedure, technique, etc., is considered
essential to be emphasised.
• “Caution” is used when an operating procedure, technique, etc., may result in
damage to equipment if not carefully followed.
• “Warning” is used when an operating procedure, technique, etc., may result in
personnel injury or loss of life if not carefully followed.
• “He/him” is used as a generic term throughout the manual, but applies equally to
operations personnel of either gender.

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-6
0.4.2 Synonyms
The following list of synonyms may be used to cross-reference the

abbreviations/words/terms used in this manual with the abbreviations/words/terms that
may be encountered in other operational and aviation documents:
• A320 - Airbus 320 - 320
• Aerodrome - Airport - Airfield
• Aircraft - Airplane - Aeroplane
• Baggage - Luggage
• Before - Prior
• Cabin Crew - Cabin Crew Members - Flight Attendants - Cabin Attendants
• Cabin Crew in Charge - Cabin Service Manager - Senior Cabin Crew Member
• Cat I,II,III - Category 1, 2, 3 - Category I, II, III
• Cockpit - Flight Deck
• Commander - Captain - (Pilot-in-Command)
• Country - State
• Datalink - ACARS
• First Officer - Co-pilot
• Hand Baggage - Hand Luggage - Carry-On Baggage
• JC Cambodia International Airlines - JC Airlines
• Life Vest - Life Jacket
• Operator Proficiency Check - Base Check
• Pilot Proficiency Check - License Proficiency Check
• Previous - Preceding
• Quantity - Amount
• Seat Belts - Safety Belts
• Sector - Leg
• Stair - Jet-way - Steps
• Sufficient - Adequate
• To Allow - To Permit
• To Board - To Embark
• To Load - To Stow
• To Off-Load - To Un-Load
• To Stay - To Remain
• Transport - Carriage
• Weight - Mass

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-7
0.5 ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations are used in this manual:
A
AAL Above Aerodrome Level
ACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance System (= TCAS)
AFCS Automatic Flight Control System
AFE Authorised Flight Examiner
AFM Aeroplane Flight Manual
AIC Aeronautical Information Circular
AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance – Flight Crew Licensing
AME Authorised Medical Examiner
AMSL Above Mean Sea Level
AOC Air Operator's Certificate
AOCR Air Operators Certificates Requirements
AP Auto Pilot
APR Automatic Power Reserve
APT Aircraft Procedures Trainer
APU Auxiliary Power Unit
ASR Air Safety Report
A/THR Auto Thrust
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATO Approved Training Organisation
ATPL(A) Airline Transport Pilot Licence (Aeroplane)
AVT Audio Visual Training
AWO All Weather Operations ( = LVO)
C
CAS Calibrated Air Speed
CBT Computer Based Training
CCI Cabin Crew Instructor
CCM Cabin Crew Manual
CDL Configuration Deviation List
C of G Centre of Gravity
CFI Chief Flight Instructor
CGI Chief Ground Instructor
CIC Cabin Crew-in-Charge
CP Chief Pilot
CPL(A) Commercial Pilot Licence (Aeroplanes)
CRM Crew Resource Management
CRMI Crew Resource Management Instructor
CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-8
D
DA Decision Altitude
DCP Designated Check Pilot
DGR Dangerous Goods
DH Decision Height
DME Distance Measuring Equipment
DOW Dry Operating Weight
E
EFB Electronic Flight Bag
EGPWS Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
ETOPS Extended Range Twin Operations
F
FBS Fixed Base Simulator
FCI Fleet Chief Instructor
FCL Flight Crew Licensing
FCOM Flight Crew Operating Manual
FD Flight Director
FD Flight Dispatcher
FDR Flight Data Recorder
FFS Full Flight Simulator
FL Flight Level
FM Flight Manual
FMGC Flight Management and Guidance Computer
FMGS Flight Management and Guidance System
FOO Flight Operations Officer
FS Flight Simulator
FPV Flight Path Vector
FSTD Flight Simulation Training Device
FTD Flight Training Device
FTO Flight Training Organisation
G
GI Ground Instructor
GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System
I
IAS Indicated Air Speed
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation
IFR Instrument Flight Rules
IFV In-flight Visibility
ILS Instrument Landing System
IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions
CHAPTER 0 P: 0-9
IOE Initial Operator Experience

IR Instrument Rating
IRR Instrument Rating Renewal
IRE Instrument Rating Examiner
IRI Instrument Rating Instructor
ISA International Standard Atmosphere
J
JAA Joint Aviation Authorities
JAR Joint Aviation Requirements
K
kg kilograms
km kilometres
kt knots - nautical miles per hour
L
LLZ Localiser only – no glide path
LHS Left-hand Seat
LOA Line Oriented Assessment
LOFT Line Oriented Flight Training
LTC Line Training Captain
LVO Low Visibility Operations ( = AWO)
LVP Low Visibility Procedures
LVTO Low Visibility Take-Off
M
m metres
mb millibar
MCC Multi Crew Co-operation
MDA Minimum Decision Altitude
MDH Minimum Decision Height
ME Multi-engine
MEL Minimum Equipment List
MEP Multi-engine Piston
MET Multi-engine Turboprop
MFTD Maintenance and Flight Training Device
MLS Microwave Landing System
MLW Maximum Landing Weight
MNPS Minimum Navigation Performance Specification
MOCA Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude
MORA Minimum Off-route Altitude
MPA Multi-Pilot Aeroplanes
MSA Minimum Safe Altitude
MTOW Maximum Take-off Weight
CHAPTER 0 P: 0-10
MZFW Maximum Zero Fuel Weight
N
NDB Non-Directional Beacon
NM Nautical Miles
NOTAM Notice to Airmen
O
OAT Outside Air Temperature
OCA Obstacle Clearance Altitude
OCH Obstacle Clearance Height
OCL Obstacle Clearance Limit
OHP Overhead Projector
OTD Other Training Devices
P
PAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator
PAR Precision Approach Radar
PBE Protective Breathing Equipment
PBN Performance Based Navigation
PF Pilot Flying
PIC Pilot-in-Command
PICUS Pilot-in-Command Under Supervision
PM Pilot Monitoring ( = PNF)
PNF Pilot Non-Flying ( = PM)
PPC Pilot Proficiency Check
Q
QFE ‘Q’ Code: Barometric Pressure at aerodrome surface level
QNH ‘Q’ Code: Barometric Pressure reduced to mean sea level
QDM Magnetic Track to a station
QDR Magnetic Track from a station (Radial)
R
RA Resolution Advisory
RHS Right-hand Seat
RNAV Area Navigation
R/T Radio Telephony
RTF Radio Telephony
RVR Runway Visual Range
RVSM Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum
RWY Runway

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-11
SEP Safety and Emergency Procedures

SFE Synthetic Flight Examiner
SIM Simulator
SFI Synthetic Flight Instructor
SOP(s) Standard Operating Procedure(s)
SPA Single-pilot Aeroplane
SRA Surveillance Radar Approach
SSA Sector Safety Altitude
SSCA State Secretariat of Civil Aviation
STD Synthetic Training Device
T
TA Traffic Advisory
TAS True Air Speed
TAWS Terrain Avoidance Warning System
TCAS Traffic Collision Avoidance System ( = ACAS)
TMA Terminal Manoeuvring Area
TOC Top of Climb
TOD Top of Descent
TR Type Rating
TRE Type Rating Examiner
TRI Type Rating Instructor
TRTO Type Rating Training Organisation
TWY Taxiway
V
VDF VHF Direction Finder
VFR Visual Flight Rules
VHF Very High Frequency
VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions
VOR VHF Omni-directional Range
VPT Virtual Procedures Trainer

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-12
0.6 DEFINITIONS
Aerodrome: A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and
equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and
surface movement of aircraft.
Aircraft: In this Operations Manual, aircraft means an aeroplane, balloon, airship, glider or
any similar apparatus that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the
air (Article 8 - Chapter II - Law on Civil Aviation of Cambodia).
Aircraft Crew: Flight crew and cabin crew.
Alert Height: An Alert Height is a height above the runway, based on the characteristics of
the aeroplane and its fail-operational automatic landing system, above which a Category III
approach would be discontinued and a missed approach initiated if a failure occurred in
one of the redundant parts of the automatic landing system, or in the relevant ground
equipment.
Appropriate Authority:
Regarding flight over the high seas: the relevant authority of the State of Registry.
Regarding flight other than over the high seas: the relevant authority of the State having
sovereignty over the territory being overflow.
CAT I: A precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height not lower than
200 ft and with either visibility not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than
550 m.
CAT II: A precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height lower than 200
ft, but not lower than 100 ft, with a runway visual range not less than 300 m (ICAO).
CAT IIIA: A precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height lower than
100 ft, or no decision height, and with a runway visual range not less than 175 m (ICAO).
CAT IIIB: A precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height lower than
50 ft or no decision height, and with a runway visual range less than 175 m but not less
than 50 m (ICAO).
Category (of aircraft): Categorisation of aircraft according to specified basic

characteristics, e.g. aeroplane, helicopter, glider, free balloon.
Commander: The pilot designated by JC Airlines to be in command of the aeroplane

(Pilot-In-Command).
Company: JC Cambodia International Airlines.

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-13
Conversion (of a license): The issue of a Cambodian licence on the basis of a licence
issued by an ICAO contracting State. Also referred as validation (of a license).
Crew Resource Management (CRM): A program designed to improve the safety of flight
operations by optimising the safe, efficient, and effective use of human resources,
hardware, and information through improved crew communication and co-ordination.
Flight Crew Member: A licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the
operation of an aircraft during flight time.
Flight Crew: Flight Crew means a group of persons who undertake to act as Captain or
First Officer.
Initial Training: Ground and Flight training for a pilot who is new to a type and has no
previous experience in the company.
Instrument Approach Procedure: A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to

flight instruments with specified protection from obstacles from the initial approach fix or,
where applicable, from the beginning of defined arrival route, to a point from which a
landing can be completed and thereafter, if a landing is not completed, to a position at
which holding or en-route obstacle clearance criteria apply.
Instrument Time: Instrument flight time or instrument ground time.
Instrument Flight Time: Time during which a pilot is controlling an aircraft in flight solely
by reference to instruments.
Instrument Ground Time: Time during which a pilot is receiving instruction in simulated
instrument flight in synthetic training devices (STDs).
Line Training: Aircraft and Company operating procedures training conducted on revenue
flights during initial and/or renewal training.
Multi-Crew Cooperation (MCC): The functioning of the flight crew as a team of co-
operating members led by the pilot-in command.
Multi-Pilot Aeroplanes: Aeroplanes certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at

least two pilots.
Night: The hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning
civil twilight or such other period between sunset and sunrise, as may be prescribed by the
appropriate authority.

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-14
Other Training Devices: Training aids other than flight simulators, flight training devices
or flight and navigation procedures trainers which provide means for training where a
complete flight deck environment is not necessary.
Pilot-in-Command: The pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during
flight time.
Pilot-in-Command under Supervision: It means a co-pilot (first officer) performing, under

the supervision of the pilot-in-command, the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command, in
accordance with a method of supervision acceptable to the Licensing Authority.
Professional Pilot: A pilot who holds a licence which permits the piloting of aircraft in
operations for which remuneration is given.
Proficiency Checks: Demonstrations of skill to revalidate or renew ratings, and including

such oral examinations as the examiner may require.
Rating: An entry in a licence stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining

to that licence.
Renewal (e.g. of a rating or approval): The administrative action taken after a rating or
approval has lapsed that renews the privileges of the rating or approval for a further
specified period consequent upon the fulfilment of specified requirements.
Revalidation: The administrative action taken within the period of validity of a rating or
approval that allows the holder to continue to exercise the privileges of a rating or approval
for a further specified period consequent upon the fulfilment of specified requirements.
Route Competency: Competency with ATS procedures and utilization of navigation

facilities available on a certain route.
Skill Tests: Skill tests are demonstrations of skill for licence or rating issue, including such
oral examination as the examiner may require.
Type (of aircraft): All aircraft of the same basic design, including all modifications except
those modifications which result in a change of handling, flight characteristics or flight crew
complement.

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-15
V Speed Definitions
MMO Maximum Operating Limit Mach Number
VA Design Manoeuvring Speed
VAPP Approach Reference Speed (see VREF)
VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed
VMCA Maximum Control Speed in the air
VMCG Minimum Control Speed on the ground
VMO Maximum Operating Limit Speed
VR Rotation Speed
VREF Reference Landing Speed
VLS Lowest Selectable Speed
V1 Take-off Decision Speed
V2 Take-off Safety Speed

CHAPTER 0 P: 0-16
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-1
TRAINING SYLLABI AND CHECKING PROGRAMMES - GENERAL Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
1 TRAINING SYLLABI AND CHECKING PROGRAMMES -

GENERAL
1.1 TRAINING AND CHECKING – GENERAL POLICIES
1.1.1 General
The fundamental JC Airlines training policy is to ensure that all personnel are competent to
carry out their functions and duties in order to achieve a safe and efficient operation.
Statutory requirements relating to the training and periodical testing of crews are
prescribed in the Cambodian Civil Aviation Regulations (CCAR). The training programmes
in JC Airlines shall comply with the requirements of the CCAR and AOCR. This will ensure
that all crew members have been properly instructed, have demonstrated their abilities in
their particular duties, are aware of their responsibilities and of the relation of such duties
and responsibilities to the operation as a whole.
Training of JC Airlines operating crew shall be done in accordance with and to meet the
standard of performance set in OM Part A; Chapter 5.
Only instructing personnel accepted by the SSCA shall perform the training and checks
and only suitable, adequate and the SSCA approved training companies and devices shall
be used.
The general guidelines or philosophy of the training at JC Airlines is pointed out in the
following principles:
• Training is uncompromisingly dedicated to the paramount aim of flight safety;
• Training shall be efficient and effective;
• Training shall take into account both human and technical aspects of the profession
in a well-balanced manner;
• Training shall be driven by practical needs and market requirements.
Training is intended to be accomplished as far as practicable through JC Airlines’ own in-

house resources. If it is outsourced, JC Airlines’ Training Department shall determine its
contents and results.
JC Airlines shall seek such approval for and acceptance of training programmes and
training personnel and facilities as are required from the SSCA and shall comply with the
required training programmes.
In order to make training as effective and efficient as possible, JC Airlines shall establish
the purpose and aim of, and set objectives for, each training programme.
All training should be learner focused, instructor facilitated and form part of a
comprehensive system of knowledge management.
CHAPTER 1 P: 1-2
All instructors should be aware of the various processes that enhance learning and should
measure the validity and effectiveness of all training programmes.
JC Airlines’ Training Department supports the conduct of safe and efficient flight
operations through integrity, honesty (by having consistent assessment and evaluation
standards), and by providing training of the highest quality.
All JC Airlines training personnel shall be properly qualified in the area in which they are to
give instruction and shall be aware of their responsibilities so as to achieve the objectives
of each training course.
JC Airlines shall monitor the compliance of training against requirements, evaluate its
adequacy against the purposes established and assess its effectiveness against the
objectives set, by means of the quality inspections and audits of the Quality Assurance
Programme, details of which are to be found in Operations Manual Part A, Chapter 3.
All training and checking personnel are obliged to adhere to the procedures and standards
contained in JC Airlines' Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), OM Part D and Flight
Crew Techniques Manual.
Crew proficiency level is one of essential elements that contribute to flight safety.
Therefore no compromises will be accepted with respect to:
• Minimum required amount of crew training as defined in OM Part D;
• Minimum crew qualification requirements as defined in OM Part D; and
• Minimum required crew proficiency level as defined in OM Part D.
Training courses and procedures should be developed and conducted in accordance with
the guidance material contained in OM Part D. Training results are continually monitored
and analysed to ensure regulatory compliance, the meeting of training objectives,
instructor reliability and personal performance.
Proven risk management principles are utilised to tailor the training programmes in order
to address the JC Airlines’ unique and challenging operational environment.
JC Airlines training policy includes requirement for coordination and training in all types of
emergency and abnormal situations and procedures caused by power plant, airframe or
systems malfunctions, fire or other abnormalities. The flight crew members shall show
proper (satisfactory) knowledge and skills related to visual and instrument flight
procedures for the intended area of operation.
If sub-contractors are utilised to provide training services for JC Airlines, this should be
limited to the maximum extent possible, to well-established companies/training
organisations having reputation for quality and expertise.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-3
Training Manager shall ensure that sub-contractors:

• Correspond with the relevant regulatory and JC Airlines requirements;
• Conduct yearly inspections to monitor the necessary compliance.
Note: Yearly inspections may be delegated to Chief Instructor on aircraft type, or Chief
Cabin Crew Instructor, or Head of Flight Dispatch, as applicable.
1.1.2 Training Principles
The training and checking are based on the following principles:

• Systematic approach to instruction
The task of training must be considered as a whole and an instruction system must
be defined to achieve the training objectives. These objectives are determined by a
task analysis. Methods and means necessary to implement the instruction system
are chosen for their qualities and adaptability to the objectives.
• Learning by doing
Practical systems training is progressively introduced with the implementation of the
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), crew concept and task sharing using
training devices which functionalities reflect as closely as practicable the
environment and configuration of the Company's aircraft.
• Training to proficiency
At the end of the training program, each crew must be capable of carrying out his
tasks safely and efficiently, in accordance with the training objectives. Therefore, it
is not possible to permit a trainee to move up from one phase to the next until he
has acquired the skills necessary to complete the objectives.
Training provided and flight documentation used for training shall be correctly reflected in
JC Airlines’ flight safety documents system.
Note: If a separate training organization is approved to provide crew training, the training
provided and flight documentation used shall correctly reflect JC Airlines’ flight
safety documents system.
1.1.3 Common Language
For training English language should be used.
All crew members undertaking training with JC Airlines shall have the ability to use the
English language for the following purpose (as applicable):
• Flight:
Radio telephony relevant to all phases of flight, including emergency situations;
• Ground:

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-4
All information relevant to the accomplishment of a flight:

- Able to read and demonstrate an understanding of Company and/or technical
manuals written in English;
- Pre-flight planning, weather information collection, NOTAMs, ATC Flight
Plan;
- Use of aeronautical en-route, departure and approach charts and associated
documents written in English;
• Communication:
Able to communicate with other crew members in English during all phases of flight,
including flight preparation.
All of the above requirements are considered fulfilled if the crew members:
• Language verbal proficiency has been checked at interview/screening before joining
JC Airlines, and/or
• Endorsement of sufficient English language proficiency (at least level 4-Operational
English language in accordance with ICAO English language requirements for flight
crew) can be verified.
Any pilot joining JC Airlines shall be graded at Language Proficiency Operational Level 4
or above of the ICAO Language Proficiency Rating before starting flying. The language
proficiency rating reflects an ability of pilots to undertake a range of tasks, with the specific
focus on language rather than operational procedures. Language Proficiency Rating
determines the pilot's ability to communicate effectively using standard RTF phraseology
and to deliver and understand messages in plain language in both usual and unusual
situations that necessitate departure from standard RTF phraseology.
Refer to the “Manual of ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements” (ICAO Doc 9835) and
chapter 2.1.1 of this manual for further guidance.
It is the pilot's individual responsibility to ensure that he maintains the minimum required
language proficiency level.
1.1.4 Records
Once a check or test has been completed, the authorised person conducting the check or
test should forward the completed forms to the Training Department.
A full and detailed log of all training must be kept for each trainee. The completed training
syllabus, together with the completed forms for checks and tests listed, will enable the
Training Manager to assure himself that all training requirements have been completed
satisfactorily before certifying that the personnel is competent to perform their duties. All
records will be retained in the individual's training file.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-5
1.1.5 Progress Reports

1.1.5.1 General
Instructors conducting training shall ensure that regular training progress reports are
completed, utilising the appropriate forms provided for that purpose. All progress reports
shall be retained in the crew member’s training file, so that reference to them is possible
for instructors conducting subsequent training sessions or sectors.
In completing a progress report, an instructor should provide as much information as

possible on areas where a trainee is experiencing difficulty or slow progress. Instructors
should consider making recommendations for subsequent instructors, in circumstances
where this is considered appropriate. Exercises that could not be completed shall also be
noted and recorded (as “INCOMPLETE”), so as to be completed within the subsequent
training details (refer to subsection 1.1.6 for more details).
As applicable, details of phase examination results should be included in the training

records.
1.1.5.2 Flight Crew
During simulator training, progress reports shall be completed after every simulator
session.
During line flying under supervision (line training), a progress report shall be completed
after every duty day.
Chief Instructor on aircraft type is responsible for monitoring, recording and evaluating the
results of successful and unsuccessful flight crew evaluations. The outcome of this
analysis statistics are presented on board of instructors meetings and shall be used for
continuous improvement of the flight crew training and evaluation programmes. Overall
analysis is performed jointly by Chief Instructor on aircraft type and Training Manager at
the end of each training period and passed to the developers of training programmes for
the next training period.
1.1.5.3 Cabin Crew
Chief Cabin Crew Instructor is responsible for monitoring, recording and evaluating the
results of cabin crew performance. Overall analysis is performed jointly by Chief Cabin
Crew Instructor, Training Manager and Chief Cabin Crew at the end of each training
period.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-6
1.1.5.4 Flight Operations Officers / Flight Dispatchers
Chief Ground Instructor is responsible for monitoring, recording and evaluating the results
of flight dispatchers’ performance. Overall analysis is performed jointly by the Chief
Ground Instructor, Head of Flight Dispatch and Training Manager at the end of each
training period.
1.1.6 Exercises not Completed during Training Detail
If for any reason exercises could not be completed during a training detail, this should be
noted in the progress report. Exercises that could not be completed shall be noted and
recorded (as “INCOMPLETE”), so as to be completed within the subsequent training
details. Chief Instructor on aircraft type for pilots, Chief Cabin Crew Instructor for cabin
crew and Head of Flight Dispatch for flight dispatchers shall also be notified by the
instructors as soon as possible in a written report, sent via e-mail, stating which exercises
could not be completed and the reason why, so as to enable the exercise that was not
completed in one detail being taught in a subsequent detail.
The instructors who are conducting subsequent trainings shall always check the progress
report, as applicable, including any remarks regarding (in)completeness of all exercises in
previous trainings. Exercises not completed in one training detail should be taught in a
subsequent training detail. This should also be confirmed in writing by chief instructor
(flight, cabin or ground, as applicable) to the instructor conducting subsequent training
detail. Chief instructor may also need to evaluate the remaining training available and if
needed, allocate additional training detail(s) to conduct all the exercises that could not be
completed before.
1.1.7 Interruption to Training
If a trainee becomes sick or sustains an injury such that he is unable to report for training,
a Training Department administration staff shall be informed immediately. Any missed
scheduled lessons will have to be repeated. In the event of prolonged sickness or an injury
likely to incapacitate the trainee for a prolonged period, the Training Manager and Flight
Operations Manager will decide about further course of actions. In case of flight training,
any missed training session will have to be re-scheduled accordingly.
If a trainee experiences sickness or sustains an injury during training, the instructor will
arrange for the trainee to be conveyed home or to a local doctor/hospital dependent upon
the severity of the symptoms.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-7
1.1.8 Trend Analysis Program
Following each training program an assessment or examination is performed and recorded

to confirm that each crew member has achieved the required knowledge and skills to
perform his role.
On regular basis Training Manager shall collect data concerning areas that require
attention from the following sources:
• Safety Department through FDM and ASRs;
• Results of successful and unsuccessful training evaluations;
• Flight and cabin crew instructor training meetings;
• Instructor reports;
• Training feedback from flight and cabin crew members;
• Quality assurance audit program;
• Flight and cabin crew reports.
The Training Manager shall collect and monitor all successful and unsuccessful ground
and flight training examinations or assessments.
Such assessment is utilized to collate and record training and performance trends through:
• Collecting data and trends;
• Regular reviewing of collected data;
• Monitoring and analysing trends;
• Communicating findings with concerned departments;
• Reviewing training programs and procedures to address changes;
• Implementing changes.
Training Manager shall present trends and propose specific measures to JC Airlines’ top
management. Measures could include:
• Re-design of specific training syllabus;
• Increase amount of training provided;
• Instructor standardization;
• Additional trainings;
• Special topics for practice or briefing.
JC Airlines’ top management should approve specific measures and the Training Manager
shall implement approved training measures. It is Training Manager’s responsibility to re-
evaluate training effectiveness and results.
The trend analyses process is an everlasting process, as the step of each cycle is always
the first one for the following cycle.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-8
1.1.9 Checking and Assessment

1.1.9.1 General
Assessment is the process of observing, recording, interpreting and evaluating, crew

performance and knowledge against a required standard in the context of overall
performance. It includes the concept of self-critique, and feedback which can be given
continuously during training or in summary following a check.
Evaluations administered in conjunction with ground, simulator, aircraft and line training
(as applicable) should preferably be conducted by different individuals than those that
conducted the training.
The objective of checking and examination is to ensure that all JC Airlines’ crews:
• Operate to the highest standards of performance possible;
• Are evaluated according to a uniform set of parameters;
• Are given a fair and accurate representation of their performance;
• Are given the opportunity to improve their performance for the future.
Before assessment and checking the instructors/examiners should:

• Refer the trainees to the applicable grading criteria during their initial briefing;
• Acquaint the trainees with the assessment procedure that will be used;
• Refer the trainees to the applicable grading criteria during the debriefing (as an
explanation for their grading).
All questions for written examinations shall comply with the following:
• Be derived from a recognised, audited and authorised Company database;
• Be relevant to the instruction given or self-study required;
• Be focussed towards the roles and responsibilities of the person being examined;
• Be chosen to elicit levels of knowledge and understanding.
1.1.9.2 Criteria of Proficiency
All trainees are required to take written examinations as part of the initial/conversion,
recurrent, upgrade or other courses, as applicable. In all cases, the score will simply be a
percentage of correct responses to the total.
The passing mark is set at 80 per cent (80%).
In measuring the standard of accomplishment, the use of only two grades, pass
(representing satisfactory performance) and fail (representing unsatisfactory performance),
is recommended.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-9
Satisfactory Performance is defined as:

• The ability to perform the required tasks of operation (ground or flight) for the
certificate or rating sought within the approved standards;
• Demonstrating understanding of the aeroplane or subject with a successful outcome
of each task performed;
• Demonstrating sound judgement and crew resource management skills;
• Demonstrating understanding of the procedure, or process when relating to ground
operations or general operating matters;
• Pass any written test applicable to the training performed.
Unsatisfactory Performance is defined as:

• Consistently exceeding tolerances stated in each task objective, or failure to take
prompt, corrective action when tolerances are exceeded, is indicative of
unsatisfactory performance. The tolerances represent the performance expected in
good flying conditions. Any action or lack thereof by the applicant which requires
corrective intervention by the check pilot (examiner) to maintain safe flight should
also be considered as unsatisfactory performance;
• Failing any written test.
At the discretion of the examiner (instructor/check pilot) any manoeuvre or procedure of

the check may be repeated once by the trainee. As general guidance, the
instructor/examiner should only exercise this discretion to repeat an item when he
considers that the applicant does not require remedial training. This is most likely to occur
when the error is of a procedural or technical nature.
When the examiner determines that a trainee's performance is unsatisfactory, the

examiner may terminate the flight test immediately or, with the consent of the trainee,
continue with the flight test until the remaining events are completed. If the check must be
terminated (for mechanical or other reasons) and there are events which still need to be
repeated, the examiner shall issue a letter of discontinuance, valid for 60 days, listing the
specific areas of operation that have been successfully completed.
Further training is always required after a failed test/check – refer to Chapter 3 of this
manual.
1.1.9.3 Skill Test Proficiency Criteria
Satisfactory completion of a proficiency check following completion of an approved air

carrier training programme for the particular type aircraft, satisfies the requirement for an
aircraft type rating skill test if:
• That proficiency check includes all manoeuvres and procedures required for a type
rating skill test;
• Proficiency checks are to be conducted by an examiner authorized by the SSCA.
CHAPTER 1 P: 1-10
The following is a list of mandatory requirements that shall be successfully completed

during the combined instrument rating and skill test. The limits laid down for ADF, VOR
and ILS approaches are maximum tolerances permitted and greater accuracy should be
achieved in favourable weather conditions. It is required to:
• Apply the correct altimeter settings at all times;
• Carry out the "before flight" instruments check;
• Check the flight system and change-over switching;
• Use the checklist in accordance with JC Airlines procedures
• Identify the radio facilities being used;
• Carry out all cockpit checks using the check lists in accordance with JC Airlines
procedures;
• Use de-icing and anti-icing systems as required,
• Obtain and comply with all Air Traffic Clearances,
• Ensure all position reports are made,
• Not commence descent until established within± 5 degrees of the inbound track,
during an ADF, VOR or VDF let-down;
• Not commence descent from the published glide path intersection altitude until
established within scale localizer.
In addition the trainee shall demonstrate his ability to:

• Perform normal and abnormal procedures according to SOP;
• Perform manoeuvres required with smoothness, using the correct procedures and
techniques;
• Understand and apply crew co-ordination;
• Communicate effectively with the other crew member.
According to the standard of accuracy, required by regulations, the following limits are for
general guidance:
Height generally +/- 100 feet
Starting a go-around at decision height + 50/- 0 feet
Minimum descent height/altitude + 50/- 0 feet
Tracking on radio aids +/- 5 degree
Precision approach localizer half scale
Heading with all engines operating +/- 5 degree
Heading with simulated engine failure +/- 10 degree
Speed with all engines operating +/- 5 knots
Speed with simulated engine failure +10 /- 5 knots
The oral and flight test phases of a proficiency check should not be conducted
simultaneously.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-11
1.1.9.4 Suspected Cheating
Any incident where a facilitator/instructor suspects and has evidence of a trainee cheating
will be treated with the utmost seriousness. Trainee will be requested to stop the written
exam and to leave the room.
Any evidence will be collected from the trainee prior to leaving the classroom and
witnesses will be asked to complete a full report after the exam. The facilitator/instructor
involved will send the report with all the details to Training Manager, who will investigate
the situation and meet with the trainee to discuss and hear his version of events. The
Training Manager may take appropriate action in consultation with the Human Resource
Manager.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-12
1.2 TRAINING AND CHECKING - ORGANISATION

1.2.1 General
The nominated post holder responsible for crew training is Training Manager. He is
responsible for determining the syllabus, contents and time scales for all training courses.
He will ensure that sufficient ground training courses and flying training programmes are
arranged to accommodate planned operations. He will also be responsible for ensuring
that sufficient training and checking personnel are available to meet the training
requirements.
Training Manager
Chief Instructor Chief Cabin Crew Chief Ground

A320 Instructor Instructor
A320 examiners Cabin Crew Instructors Ground Instructors

(CRM, SEP, DGR...)
A320 instructors
A320 LTC
Name of the Training Manager is listed in OM Part A. Names of the instructors are listed in
Chapter 7 List of Approved Training Personnel.
The Training Department (administrators) will be responsible for maintaining a record of

the expiry dates of the following checks/tests/training/qualifications:
• Operator Proficiency Checks/Base Check (OPC);
• Pilot Proficiency Check/Licence Proficiency Checks (PPC/LPC);
• Line Checks;
• Initial ground trainings, including theoretical and practical trainings;
• Initial flight trainings;
• Recurrent (refresher) ground trainings, including theoretical and practical trainings;
• Conversion, differences and familiarization trainings;
• Other trainings, as applicable.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-13
The Training Department administrators are responsible for ensuring that any
check/test/training is programmed in sufficient time and for informing the crew member of
any expiry. However this does not relieve the crew member from his responsibility to
ensure the validity of his licence/qualifications/training etc.
Simulator trainings and assessments may be carried out only in JC Airlines approved and
by the SSCA authorized flight simulation training devices (flight simulators).
1.2.2 Training Manager
The Training Manager (TM) should hold an ATPL with 3 years as Pilot-In-Command (PIC) in
commercial air transportation and appropriate ratings for at least one of the aircraft used by JC
Airlines. He should also hold an SSCA or equivalent instructor pilot rating. Before being
appointed he shall prove thorough knowledge of crew training concepts and applicable
regulations.
His function, main duties and responsibilities are to:

• Ensure compliance with the provisions of AOC;
• Plan, implement, revise and monitor policies, procedures, recommendations and
standards related to the crew training and its structure in order to ensure safety,
security, quality, efficiency and compliance with local and international regulatory
requirements;
• Organise and maintain the necessary training and checking for the crew members
to acquire and maintain their legal licenses and qualifications in order to adequately
perform their assigned duties;
• Achieve set goals and objectives needed to elevate productivity and enhance
performance in the area of crew training;
• Coordinate all questions and matters relating to crew training;
• Establish, maintain and update information base for all required crew training and
checking;
• Identify the training requirements within flight operations and ensure that it is
accomplished in a timely manner;
• Standardize and cost-optimise training for all company aeroplane types;
• Establish the professional prerequisites concerning employment, training and
upgrading of crew members in cooperation with the Flight Operations Manager and
Chief Pilot or Chief Cabin Crew;
• Hold editorial responsibility for the OM Part D;
• Monitor and supervise training provided by third parties, to make sure the facilities
used and the training provided is up to the required JC Airlines’ standards;
• Monitor and supervise training provided for third parties, to make sure the facilities
used and the training provided is up to the required standards - if applicable;
• Establish, maintain and update the list of Company checking and training personnel;

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-14
• Coordinate with the SSCA on all matters relating to crew training to make sure of JC
Airlines’ compliance with applicable SSCA regulations;
• Monitor the flight operation and identify problems that may require the provision of
extra training or changes in operational procedures;
• Process the reports addressed to Training Department;
• Properly manage all expenditures associated with his area of responsibility.
The Training Manager has the right to:

• Nominate or denominate required amount of checking and training personnel taking
into account predicted size of JC Airlines’ flight operations;
• Select the management members of the subordinate functions;
• Suspend subordinates from their duties, functions and rights where this seems
necessary due safety, productivity and/or disciplinary issues;
• Prohibit training flights or series of training flights for safety reasons.
Other chapters of Operations Manual may additionally define role and discretionary power
of the Training Manager.
1.2.3 Chief Instructor on Aircraft Type
The Chief Instructor on aircraft type shall be a Pilot-In-Command (PIC) and an instructor
pilot (type rating instructor) for an aircraft type operated by JC Airlines. He is appointed by
the Training Manager.
Aircraft type Chief Instructor’s functions, duties and responsibilities are to:
• Establish, maintain and update as necessary training syllabi for all required training
within his area of responsibility;
• Assist the Training Manager in development of flight crew training and checking
documentation;
• Control, supervise and coordinate flight crew training activities within his aircraft
type fleet;
• Act as liaison between flight instructors on his aircraft type and Training Manager;
• Perform functions, duties and responsibilities of the type rating instructor;
• Promote and implement within his aircraft type fleet the training policy set up by the
Training Manager;
• Support the Training Manager in routine administrative tasks.
Chief Instructors should normally arrange a meeting of respective flight instructors on

aircraft type for all important matters regarding training checking and standardisation.
1.2.4 Chief Cabin Crew Instructor

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-15
The Chief Cabin Crew Instructor shall be an active cabin crew instructor (CCI). He is
appointed by the Training Manager. His main duties and responsibilities are to:
• Control, supervise and coordinate cabin crew training activities;
• Establish, maintain and update as necessary training syllabi for all required training
within his area of responsibility;
• Assist the Training Manager in development of cabin crew training and checking
documentation;
• Act as liaison between Training Manager and cabin crew instructors;
• Promote and implement the cabin crew training policy set up by the Training
Manager;
• Support the Training Manager in routine administrative tasks;
• To perform functions, duties and responsibilities of cabin crew instructor.
1.2.5 Chief Ground Instructor
The Chief Ground Instructor shall be a pilot instructor holding the appropriate type/class
aircraft rating or an authorised ground instructor having appropriate experience in aviation
and knowledge of the aviation and aircraft related topics.
His main duty is coordination of all ground training activities (initial, recurrent and other
trainings) for flight crew, cabin crew and other flight operations personnel, as applicable, in
accordance with JC Airlines’ and CRAR requirements. He shall work closely with Chief
Instructor on aircraft type and Chief Cabin Crew Instructor. He is appointed by the Training
Manager.
1.2.6 Segregation of Training and Checking
With the exception of recurrent, recency, familiarisation, differences or other specified

training, trainees should not be, to the extent possible, trained and examined by the same
person.
1.2.7 Inappropriate Interference
Instructors and examiners shall not be subjected to inappropriate interference by anybody

in the performance of their duties.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-16
1.3 TRAINING SYLLABUS

1.3.1 General
Dedicated individuals are responsible for determination of syllabi and development of

required programmes. Preferably the syllabus or program should state references and
regulations on which the documents are based. The content of syllabi and programs is
checked for adequacy by Quality Assurance Director and approved by the Training
Manager and by the State Secretariat of Civil Aviation (SSCA).
Prior to the commencement of any training course, the trainee shall be provided with
copies of lesson plans and course objectives, as well as the appropriate guidance
material. Training programmes and course syllabi shall be published in the relevant
training manual. Where possible, the format of course syllabi should be standardised, with
training objectives clearly stated for each session and exercise. Detailed lesson plans for
each session are not subject to the SSCA approval, and shall be included as a supplement
to the relevant training manual. Where applicable, each course shall be structured in
phases and modules, including Ground training, Simulator training, Base (Flight) training
and Line Flying under Supervision (depending on the course).
1.3.2 Standardisation
To achieve optimum and consistent results, all training shall be standardised and the
training plan followed as closely as possible. All pre and post flight briefings are to be
conducted in accordance with the published syllabi and procedures. The quality system
places particular emphasis on the importance of standardisation and will schedule
observations to sample this.
Standardisation of ground training will be the responsibility of Chief Ground Instructor who
will ensure that the approved ground syllabi are presented in accordance with the training
plan. Standardisation checks will be conducted on all ground staff at regular intervals and
in most cases this will be not less than annually. Experienced training staff will be
appointed to carry out such checks and report their findings to Chief Training Instructor
who will ensure that such reports are included in individual instructor training records.
Standardisation of flight training will be the responsibility of the Chief Flight Instructor who
will ensure that the approved flying syllabi are presented in accordance with the training
plan. Standardisation checks will be conducted on all flight training and examining staff at
regular intervals and in most cases this will be not less than annually.
To reassure training effectiveness, any major training deficiencies have to be reported by

the instructor to applicable chief instructor, without delay, via telephone and e-mail.
After the end of each course a review will be conducted by the Training Manager together
with the course instructors of the theoretical knowledge, simulator and flying phases.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-17
1.3.3 Briefings and Debriefings
Individual ground and flight instructors are responsible for conducting safety related
briefings prior to each training (ground, simulator, flight, line training –
initial/recurrent/differences, etc.).
Prior to the first ground (theoretical) course (classroom lesson), the instructor must show:
• Fire extinguishers and their use;
• Emergency exits and meeting point;
• Any other pertinent information.
Prior to the first ground mock-up training a safety briefing must be given by the instructor
and must include:
• Fire extinguishers and their use, as applicable;
Prior to the first simulator session a safety briefing must be given by the instructor and
must include:
• Emergency shut-off valves, switches or buttons;
• Emergency escape ropes or ladders;
During all sessions the trainees and the instructor must wear their seatbelts.
Prior to the first cockpit drill/base training flight/line training flight a safety briefing must be
given by the instructor and must include:
• Emergency shut-off valves, switches or buttons;
• Emergency escape ropes;
The performance of a candidate under training or check conditions, in the flight simulator
(or in the aircraft) will often be affected by some degree of nervous tension. A professional
and sympathetic attitude during the briefing phase can do much to put the crew at ease so
that they can perform to the best of their ability.
Good pre-flight briefings form the foundations of a well conducted check or training. The
briefings should be concise and explicit statements of the requirements for that flight or

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-18
session. Any suggestion of haste should be avoided and questions from the pilots under
training/check should be actively encouraged at all stages through this period.
Company policy is that all recurrent checks of competence require a formal pre-flight
briefing and should include the following:
• The candidates’ responsibilities;
• Aerodromes to be flown, weather condition, actual or simulated;
• Manipulation of flight controls during emergencies and abnormal;
• Examiner’s role;
• Type of aircraft that is being simulated;
• Any known simulator defects;
• Assessment and grading criteria.
Any questions of a technical or procedural nature must be made prior to commencement

of the check or reserved until after the completion of the flight check. All efforts must be
made not to distract the candidate under review.
It is JC Airlines policy that immediately following the completion of a simulator session

(including simulator evaluation) the instructor/examiner will inform the candidate of his
performance or assessment.
The candidate should be briefed about passing/not passing the assessment (as
applicable), his good and weak areas, and major fail points in chronological sequence (if
applicable). He should receive suggestions about the best ways to overcome his weak
points in the future.
As the candidate will normally be an experienced pilot, it would be appropriate to refrain

from minor criticisms which are likely to provoke a difference of opinion. Instructors must
ensure that any criticism is based on non-compliance with SOP and not on personal
preference.
Example of suggested briefing for skill test:

• The skill test comprises two main parts. It starts as a line oriented flight in which
some specific events have been inserted. Follow the departure clearance and deal
with any problems or emergencies as they occur using the procedures and
techniques learnt during the training course. Take all appropriate decisions;
• You should use JC Airlines (Airbus) standard procedures;
• You are responsible for liaison with ATC, safe operation and navigation of the
aircraft;
• Make sure that you correctly understand ATC instructions;
• The second part comprises the remaining items in order to meet the Authorities
requirements. It will be necessary for me to initialize the simulator in order to carry

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-19
out the exercises. I will keep you advised when I have control of the simulator and
when I return control to you;
• Mandatory Items to be covered are: preflight checks, use of checklists, engine
failure between V1 and V2, rejected take-off, SID and STAR, ILS manual raw data,
OEI ILS, NPA to MDA OEI go around, landing with critical engine inoperative, 3
abnormal system problems, and 3 abnormal and emergency procedures.
• You should communicate to each other in English language to facilitate procedures
and you must speak in English language to ATC;
• Treat this session as if it was a normal commercial flight. Do not waste time but do
not allow yourselves to be rushed. You must tell ATC what you require;
• Make good use of the published documentation for en-route and terminal areas. Set
and observe the appropriate minima;
• Make full use of the aircraft equipment and all resources at your disposal including
the automation. However for the purpose of the skill test I will indicate during the
second part, which level of automation you are authorized to use for instance it is
required you demonstrate your ability to fly manually one engine out approach;
• Remember the importance of task sharing and good crew coordination. You are
assessed as PF and PM;
• Use headsets. Consider me as ATC, ground engineer and cabin crew;
• The weather or aircraft parameters might vary for some sequences. I will advise you
of the changes;
• For departure, use the data given on the provided forms.
1.3.4 Ground Training and Checking
The various ground courses employed are conducted by classroom instructional briefings
(may be supplemented by use of computer courseware (CBT), subject to SSCA approval).
Intentions of the ground courses are to ensure compliance to the regulatory requirements
and also as additional information and training for the crew members.
The following applies to examinations/tests during initial and recurrent ground trainings.
The normal rules for the conduct of examinations, as promulgated by the Authority, will
apply to all ground trainings/examinations conducted in JC Airlines. Examination papers
are kept in a lockable cabinet which can be accessed only by the nominated custodian.
Prior to the papers being removed from the cabinet, a room will be prepared for the exam.
Once the invigilator is satisfied that the room and the trainees are ready, then he will issue
the tests to the trainees. The exam will commence with the invigilator in the room.
Should a trainee a test have any issues, he is to gain the invigilator's attention, without
affecting other trainees. Should the trainee wish to leave the room, he must be
accompanied to the extent possible by the invigilator or by another person deemed
suitable.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-20
When the finish time is reached, the invigilator will remove all paperwork and move it to a
safe office.
Each examination paper (test/questionnaire) should comprise:

• The cover sheet;
• The question paper;
• A separate answer sheet.
The cover-sheet should provide the following information:

• The examination to which it relates;
• The time allowed;
• The number of questions;
• The pass mark;
• Detailed instructions to candidates concerning:
- Papers and any reference material permitted during the examination;
- How the answer paper should be completed;
- How to indicate a change of answer;
• Completion of papers and surrender of all paperwork to the invigilator on completion
of the examination.
The question paper should contain numbered questions, and each question should be
provided with three or four alternative answers.
The answer sheet should contain the following:

• Identification of the examination paper to which it relates;
• The date and place of the examination ;
• The trainee’s name and signature (to be filled and signed by the trainee);
• The checker’s (instructor’s) name and signature (to be filled and signed by the
instructor/checker);
• The mark obtained by the trainee;
• Indication whether the trainee has passed or failed the test (exam paper).
Any non-leading and reasonable clarification regarding any aspect of the examination shall
be provided by the invigilator (checker/instructor) to all the trainees before commencement
of the test.
The examination papers (tests/questionnaires) remain the property of JC Airlines and may
not be copied or removed from the training files.
Examination papers should be kept under lock in the Training Administration office
accessible only to authorized users: Training Manager, Chief Ground Instructor, Training
Department administrator(s), etc.
CHAPTER 1 P: 1-21
A record of the examination paper used shall be kept on the trainee’s file.
The pass mark of 80% during examination assumes the achievement of satisfactory levels
of knowledge of the ground training. The examinations use a written test based on
randomized questionnaire with multiple answers, and should normally be performed
“closed book”.
Chief Ground Instructor is responsible for the question analysis and review. This analysis
and review of questions takes place whenever there are changes in the subjects instructed
or when so recommended by other instructors. In most cases, more than one set of
questionnaire is prepared and used whenever necessary.
JC Airlines aspires to the highest possible training standard and actively reviews course
material, procedures and syllabus content of all the training courses on the basis of line
experience and student feedback.
1.3.5 Simulator Training and Checking

1.3.5.1 General
The instruction concept for pilots utilized by JC Airlines uses a program divided into
phases, each of which generally corresponds to part of the objectives.
To satisfy all the regulatory Authorities’ requirements, the sessions should take place at
various airports.
The instructors have to do their best to obtain the most realistic environment in terms of
clearance delivery and radio communications. They are encouraged to stay within the
session time frame, therefore they may use for several approaches two different runway
directions with crosswind conditions in terms of time saving and providing the advantage of
FMS approach preparation review.
1.3.5.2 Line Orientated Flight Training (LOFT)
It is JC Airlines policy to make extensive use of Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT). This
allows for a realistic real time training environment and a more reliable assessment of a
pilots abilities and weaknesses during normal line operations.
LOFT sessions are defined to summarize all the exercises learned throughout the course
and to give the trainee experience in operating the aircraft in real time scenario.
LOFT training is used during:

• Transition training;
CHAPTER 1 P: 1-22
• Upgrade command training;

• Recurrent simulator training.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-23
The following guidance should be abided to:

• All weather conditions should be realistic with changes as indicated on the forecast
and relevant for the type of training conducted;
• Trainees undergoing recurrent training shall be provided with all the documents
used in line operations (computerized flight plan, load sheet & performance
information, applicable aeronautical charts and manuals, QRH, checklists);
• Trainees and instructor should use headsets for interphone communications;
• LOFT is a training session whereby the instructor is encouraged to provide input
and guidance to the trainee throughout the session;
• CRM skills shall be observed and appropriately debriefed upon completion of the
LOFT profiles;
LOFT sessions cannot be assessed as failed as it is a training session but further training
or re-training shall be recommended for unsatisfactory performance.
1.3.5.3 Skill Test / Operator Proficiency Check
The skill test is a demonstration of knowledge and skill required for the initial issue or
renewal of a licence, instrument rating or type rating.
The proficiency check is a demonstration of continuing knowledge and skill necessary to

revalidate a current type rating and instrument rating.
The evaluation FFS session is performed as a proficiency check in terms of satisfaction of

the appropriate type certification and endorsement requirements.
During a skill test, the examiner will check a minimum of 3 items in the abnormal and
emergency procedures section. For skill tests, theoretical knowledge shall be verified by
an oral examination conducted during briefing.
A pilot undergoing a skill test for the initial issue of a type rating shall be required to
operate as Pilot Flying (PF) during all sections of the test/check, except for rejected take-
off, normal and abnormal operations, and abnormal and emergency procedures which
may be conducted as Pilot Flying (PF) or Pilot Monitoring (PM) in accordance with multi-
crew cooperation.
The skill tests and proficiency checks should generally be performed with a normal crew
complement.
Note: OPC (also referred to as base check in AOCR) – to be tested by an SSCA

authorised flight examiner.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-24
1.3.5.4 Zero Flight Time (ZFT) Training
Currently ZFT training applies only to pilots converting from a Company aircraft type to
another similar aircraft type within the same Company. Pilot experience requirements prior
to commencing ZFT training are as determined by the SSCA inspectors.
ZFT training must be conducted by an authorised flight examiner (AFE).
ZFT simulator base training requires the candidate to complete a minimum of 6

satisfactory take-offs and 6 satisfactory landings in a level D simulator approved for the
purpose with the AFE is to occupy the other control seat.
ZFT training is to include the following:

• Take-off rotation technique;
• Approach to land, the landing flare, thrust reduction/reverse thrust technique and
braking technique;
• Cross wind and tail wind techniques for take-off and landing.
On satisfactory completion of the ZFT simulator base training, the candidate may proceed
to line flying under supervision. This line flying requires the AFE to occupy the other
control seat for an agreed number of sectors. The candidate completes the first sector as
PM (PNF) and thereafter must complete a minimum of three satisfactory take-offs and
landings.
The first take-off and landing must be completed within 7 days of completion of the ZFT
simulator base training, and the total take-offs and landings required are to be completed
within 14 days of the completion of the ZFT simulator base training.
In the event of a borderline or unsatisfactory take-off or landing at any time during the line
flying under supervision, the candidate must immediately revert to PM (PNF) duties only.
The candidate must then complete an agreed remedial training program which may
include aircraft base training.
1.3.6 Base (Flight) Training
Aircraft base training objective is intended to confirm the "transfer of knowledge" from the
simulator training to the aircraft. Additionally it gives the trainee the opportunity to
experience for the first time the real aircraft behaviour in basic manoeuvres such as
landing, flare, derotation, etc. Training flights must be conducted in accordance with JC
Airlines and Airbus training regulations. Training flights will be conducted under the direct
authority of the JC Airlines Training Manager.
Note: Base training – to be tested by an SSCA authorised flight examiner.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-25
1.3.7 Aeroplane Training and Checking
The following training and checking exercises are permitted on public transport flights:
• Observation flights for the purposes of familiarization on an aircraft type and/or
operations. Observers are not to occupy an active crew member’s seat;
• Line flying under supervision;
• Familiarization flights along the routes and into aerodromes in accordance with
Route and Aerodrome competence qualifications;
• Line Checks.
Note: Line check – to be checked by the SSCA authorised flight examiner.
The simulation of instrument flight conditions and of emergencies affecting the flight
characteristics of the aircraft is prohibited in the course of flights for the public transport of
passengers.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-26
1.4 TRAINING MATERIALS AND DOCUMENTS
Only approved training course materials and documents shall be used for training
purposes. Beside, those course materials and documents shall have the required
certification(s) and approval or acceptance from the SSCA, as applicable, and shall meet
the required qualification and performance standards JC Airlines, as applicable, and be
approved by the Training Manager.
Course materials and documents used in the flight crew training and evaluation
programmes, shall reflect the configuration of the fleet for which the respective training is
being conducted.
Differences in course materials and documents may be acceptable, provided the

differences are clearly identified in training programme documents available to instructors,
evaluators and trainees.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-27
1.5 TRAINING FACILITIES AND DEVICES

1.5.1 General
JC Airlines shall ensure that adequate ground and flight training facilities, flight simulators
and cockpit procedure training devices (fixed based simulators, computer based training
etc.) are available for the type of training required.
Only approved training facilities, devices, equipment, shall be used for training purposes.
Those training facilities, devices, equipment, shall have the required qualification
certificate(s) and user approval or acceptance from the SSCA, as applicable and shall
meet the required qualification and performance standards of JC Airlines or the SSCA, as
applicable and be approved by the Training Manager.
Training aids and equipment, including mock-ups, flight deck procedure trainers and other
devices used in the crew training and evaluation programme, shall reasonably reflect the
configuration of the fleet(s) for which the respective training is being conducted.
Differences in equipment configuration may be acceptable, provided the differences are

clearly identified in training programme documents available to instructors, evaluators and
crew members.
In order to satisfactorily conduct training courses, JC Airlines provides all the training
facilities necessary for each particular type of course.
The facilities provided are as follows:

• Classrooms;
• Computer Based Training (CBT) devices;
• Synthetic and other training devices;
• Simulators;
• Aeroplanes.
Persons admitted to the various in-house and outsourced training facilities are generally
limited to those having a valid JC Airlines crew ID. Crew members shall wear the ID card
visible during all trainings. Exemptions to this rule are subject to Training Manager's
discretion.
1.5.2 Classrooms
The various ground courses employed are conducted by classroom instructional briefings
and use of computer courseware. Intentions of the ground courses are to ensure
compliance to the regulatory requirements and also as additional information and training
for the aircraft crew and other operations personnel.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-28
For the conduct of ground training courses, air-conditioned classroom(s) with presentation
equipment adequate for the intended training tasks, including white boards, projector,
video player, multi-media PC, video displays or combination therewith, shall be available.
Only approved instructors may conduct classroom ground trainings.
1.5.3 Computer Based Training (CBT) Devices
Computer Based Training (CBT) has been developed to support:

• Aircraft Systems and limitations study;
• Cockpit preparation training;
• Operational procedures.
The CBT training (when applied) may be conducted on the company computers in the
company training facility (classroom). The CBT training should provide the trainees with all
the operational, technical and system knowledge/information to enable the application of
procedures and system operations. This trainings are to be conducted in a classroom
under the supervision of designated instructor as a supplement to classroom trainings,
subject to SSCA approval.
1.5.4 Synthetic and other Training Devices
Part of the flight crew training may be performed on approved synthetic training devices.
The training is fully integrated which means that all the systems knowledge acquired
during ground training should be reinforced and evaluated in the synthetic training device
using JC Airlines Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). The training allows the trainee to
learn the normal and abnormal operations using task sharing and crew coordination which
save precious FFS time.
Part of the crew training may also be conducted on training devices which enable the
application of operational procedures and certain system operations. Provision is made in
the CCAR for use of "mock ups" for certain periodical tests. These devices must be
individually approved by the SSCA for test purposes and may be used for such purpose
only under the supervision of a person approved for that purpose. Approvals normally
restrict the use of such devices to the particular Company's crews.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-29
1.5.5 Flight Simulators
Only JC Airlines authorized and SSCA approved flight simulation training devices - flight
simulators (full-flight simulators - FFS) may be used for training as described in OM Part D,
in accordance with approved syllabi.
Usage of flight simulators is mostly dedicated to aircraft handling in normal and abnormal
operations. All exercises are completed in a realistic environment and to allow the crew to
practice the JC Airlines Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). The training allows the
trainee to learn the normal and abnormal operations using task sharing and crew
coordination. Full motion shall be used to simulate the proper simulation of flight to induce
a realistic flight environment.
The list of approved simulators is included in Chapter 8 of this manual - the updated list of
JC Airlines authorized and SSCA approved simulators should be available in the Training
Department – responsibility of training department administrators. This list needs to be
checked by training department administrators before booking any simulator session. In
case of simulator training is planned to be conducted in a simulator facility not authorized
by JC Airlines and/or SSCA certification, or if SSCA certification has lapsed, Training
Manager shall be informed. New simulator facility needs to be selected or proper
authorization/approval received before the training.
Subject to the approval of the SSCA, simulators may in general be used for the following
purposes:
• Type Rating Training and Checks;
• Instrument Rating Training and Checks;
• Bi-annual Base Checks (OPCs);
• Initial Line Checks;
• Low Visibility Operations Training;
• Specified Aerodrome Competency Checks;
• Certification of Flight Crew;
• Recurrent Training;
• Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT);
• Recent type experience.
JC Airlines may apply to use simulators that are owned by third party. Application for a
simulator Certificate of Approval shall be made to the SSCA and submitted to
Airworthiness/Flight Operations Department. The simulator owner's qualification test guide
shall be submitted together with the application form. Such simulators shall have a
certificate of approval from the respective local authority. Simulators that do not have the
approval of the respective local authority will not be considered. The SSCA may (where
appropriate) conduct a validation test on the performance of the simulator. In that case, JC
Airlines shall pay for all fares, expenses and fees incurred by the SSCA in the conduct of
the duties.
CHAPTER 1 P: 1-30
Simulator Certificate of Approval shall be displayed in the simulator.
Following satisfactory completion of the initial evaluation, a periodic check system should
be established to ensure that simulators continue to maintain their initially qualified
performance, functions and other characteristics.
Periodic evaluations will be conducted on a yearly basis prior to the renewal of the
Certificate of Approval. Applications for the renewal of the Certificate of Approval must be
made at least one month prior to the date of expiry.
The approval will be rendered invalid under the following circumstances:

• Modification of simulators, or their motion and visual systems;
• Temporary deactivation of a currently qualified simulator;
• Relocation of simulator to a new location.
JC Airlines will have to re-apply for a simulator approval if it wishes to put the simulator
back into use.
JC Airlines’ quality assurance system shall include a quality programme for its flight
simulators. The programme shall include periodic tests consisting of both objective and
subjective tests. These tests should be made available to the SSCA on request.
The following guidelines apply in order to ensure that all training facilities, flight simulation
training devices and course material are appropriate for the intended of training:
• For the simulators, the aircraft MEL will be used to determine the minimum
serviceability requirements;
• The simulator will be considered unserviceable with any failure of a "no-go" item;
• In case of a failure of the instructor station or certain controls or displays that make
the continuation of the training session impossible the simulator shall be considered
unserviceable;
• The instructor will be responsible to determine whether the session can continue or
if the session or part of the session shall be repeated;
• The aircraft manuals used for training should be copies of the updated originals held
in the Company library;
• The safety equipment used should be identical to those used in the aircraft operated
by JC Airlines;
• In case the simulator visual system becomes inoperative the session may continue
provided there are no manoeuvres/failures that require its use. The instructor will be
responsible to determine whether the session can continue or if the session or part
of the session shall be repeated.
Simulator session shall be stopped in the event of down-grading or failure of the simulator
equipment (visual, motion, sound, etc.) that does not allow the session scenario to achieve

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-31
the desired goal. In case of simulator/equipment down-grading the following shall be

respected:
• Malfunction of visual system:
Take-off, landing and low visibility operations training - not allowed;
• Malfunction of sound system:
Abnormal and emergency procedures with audio call-outs, low visibility operations
training - not allowed;
• Malfunction of motion system:
Take-off, landing, engine-out procedures, EGPWS procedures training - not
allowed;
• Malfunction of systems:
Refer to Minimum Equipment List (MEL).
If a malfunction occurs during the simulator session that does not allow instructor to
continue/complete the training, the instructor is to notify immediately the maintenance
personnel by the simulator’s internal phone and enter the unserviceability and/or time lost
in the Simulator Technical Log.
The instructor shall inform Training Department and Chief Instructor on aircraft type as
soon as possible about inability to conduct (full) training program. In such cases additional
training session should be planned to cover all the training requirements.
1.5.6 Aeroplanes
Training may be performed only on approved aeroplanes. For updated list of approved
aircraft (aeroplanes) always refer to JC Airlines’ Operations Specifications (OpsSpec) -
see Chapter 8 of this manual.
At all times during training Minimum Equipment List (MEL) shall be respected.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-32
1.6 TRAINING COURSES

1.6.1 Flight Crew
All flight crew members shall be properly trained and examined on abnormal and
emergency conditions.
The following A320 flight crew trainings are conducted in JC Airlines, as applicable:
• Conversion trainings;
• Differences and familiarization trainings;
• Trainings relevant to Operator’s specific authorization;
• Upgrade command trainings;
• Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat trainings;
• Cruise Relief Captain trainings;
• Recurrent (refresher) trainings.
The trainings can be conducted as “in-house” training or outsourced. For details refer to
applicable chapters of this OM Part D.
1.6.2 Cabin Crew
All cabin crew members shall be properly trained and examined on abnormal and
emergency conditions.
The following A320 cabin crew trainings are conducted in JC Airlines, as applicable:
• Initial trainings;
• Conversion trainings;
• Differences and familiarization trainings;
• Cabin Crew In Charge (CIC) trainings;
• Cabin Crew Instructor trainings;
• Recurrent (refresher) trainings.
The trainings are conducted as “in-house” training. For details refer to applicable chapters
of this OM Part D and Cabin Crew Manual (CCM).
1.6.3 Flight Operations Officers / Flight Dispatchers
All flight operations officers shall be properly trained and examined on abnormal and
emergency conditions, as appropriate.
Initial training and checking of flight operations officers/flight dispatchers is outsourced to

third party Approved Training Organizations (ATOs). Recurrent training and checking of
CHAPTER 1 P: 1-33
flight operations officers/flight dispatchers may be conducted “in-house” or outsourced to

third party Approved Training Organizations.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-34
1.7 TRAINING AND CHECKING PERSONNEL

1.7.1 General
All personnel conducting training or checking on behalf of JC Airlines shall be suitably

qualified and accepted/approved by the SSCA. Prior to appointment to a training position,
nominees must have been checked in those duties applicable to the appointment. A
certificate of competence to conduct the duties of the particular training or checking
capacity must be verified and evidence retained on the individual’s personal training file.
JC Airlines shall ensure that organised courses of instruction are given by qualified
instructors on the use of all emergency and survival equipment, and on all emergency
procedures and drills, including aircraft emergency evacuation. The operational
procedures of ground-based emergency services at aerodromes should be discussed.
Training personnel conducting ground school instruction must be suitably qualified to

conduct such training. In order to provide for sufficient supervision and control during
training, the maximum number of trainees per class shall not exceed 25. A class of 20
trainees or less may be conducted with one instructor; however, two instructors shall be
provided if the class size exceeds 20 trainees. JC Airlines shall ensure that suitable
classroom training facilities are provided.
JC Airlines appoints examiners and instructors to conduct the periodical tests and to give
practical training as necessary. Details of each examiner or instructor including his
curriculum vitae should be sent to the SSCA for approval prior to the appointment of the
candidate. Examiners and instructors should be experienced and qualified for the work,
and JC Airlines shall arrange, where necessary, training in teaching and examining
techniques.
The following general policies relate to training personnel that perform instructional duties:
• The Company requires all theoretical knowledge instruction to be conducted by an
authorised instructor holding the appropriate type/class rating or any instructor
having appropriate experience in specific aviation topic and knowledge of the
aircraft concerned;
• JC Airlines requires all instructors to have a demonstrated understanding of the
topic area they instruct in.
In JC Airlines, trainings shall be conducted by the following training personnel:

• Ground training by a qualified ground instructor, as applicable;
• Simulator training by a qualified simulator instructor (synthetic flight instructor) or a
pilot instructor (type rating instructor);
• Flight (Base) training by a pilot instructor (type rating instructor);
• Line flying under supervision by a pilot instructor (type rating instructor) or qualified
line training captain;
• Cabin safety training by a qualified cabin crew instructor;

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-35
• Cabin crew training by a qualified cabin crew instructor;

• Flight dispatcher training by a qualified flight dispatcher instructor.
1.7.2 Duties and Responsibilities
Training and checking personnel (instructors and examiners) shall be responsible for the
following:
• Training or checking as directed to ensure that standards of proficiency are
maintained;
• Developing the potential and skills of the trainees;
• Familiarising flight crew with the latest operational procedures;
• Upholding standards and providing a positive role model to all other personnel;
• Making proposals for improving safety standards and efficiency in training and line
operations;
• Correcting any procedure not in accordance with JC Airlines SOP;
• Supervising ground and flight training;
• If holding the appropriate authorization, carry out prescribed checks and
assessments on behalf of JC Airlines and/or the SSCA;
• Acting as role model and peer group leader for the line flying community.
Instructors and examiners are in the best position to monitor the quality of training and its
applicability to normal line operations. They have a personal responsibility for ensuring that
the records they are required to submit are both accurate and complete. Each item of
training has an objective which should be understood and each trainer must be aware of
the objectives and the standards required.
1.7.3 Instructors and Examiners - Flight Crew
A pilot examiner or instructor must be qualified under the provisions of Part 2 of the
Cambodia Civil Aviation Regulations to act as a Commander (Pilot-In-Command) of the
aircraft, and his ability to perform the functions of a Pilot-In-Command while occupying the
first officer’s (co-pilot's) seat should be checked by the Company and recorded.
Applications for appointments as an authorised examiner must be sponsored by JC

Airlines and submitted to the SSCA.
The conduct of tests by JC Airlines' examiners, and of aircraft crew training, will be
periodically observed by the SSCA Inspectors.
Training personnel nominated as instructors (ground, cabin safety and flight instructors)
shall be submitted to the SSCA for approval/acceptance. Training personnel
(examiners/checkers) nominated to conduct mandatory checks shall be authorised by the

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-36
SSCA. This authorisation permits the nominated examiner to conduct the tests/checks
detailed in their authorisation. The Training Manger shall, on behalf of examiner
applicants, apply to the SSCA for Designated Check Pilot (DCP) authorization approval. If
approved by the SSCA, the applicant shall complete SSCA organized DCP course and
successfully complete DCP evaluation. SSCA will issue DCP authorization with
endorsements.
Where instructors or examiners are required to occupy either pilot’s seat, it is essential that
they are additionally checked and certified in their normal and emergency duties in both
seats.
All instructors and examiners are obliged to adhere to the procedures and standards
contained in JC Airlines' Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), OM Part D and (Flight)
Crew Techniques Manual.
Line training captains (LTCs) are responsible for the conduct of aircraft line training (line
flying under supervision) of type rated pilots and for line checks. Line training captains
report to the respective Chief Instructor on aircraft type.
Simulator instructors are responsible for the conduct of the simulator flight crew trainings.
The duties and responsibilities of simulator instructors are:
• Conducting simulator training;
• Recommending of additional or remedial training for any pilot;
• Recommending changes to SOP that may enhance efficiency or safety of flight
operations;
• Recommending changes to the training syllabi that may enhance efficiency, safety
or the quality of the simulator training;
• Recommending standardised procedures and teaching techniques for all instructors
to ensure compliance with all company policies and procedures;
• Participating in the pilot recruitment process, if required.
Simulator instructors report to the respective Chief Instructor on aircraft type.
Pilot instructors (type rating instructors) are responsible for the conduct of pilot training on
the aircraft and in the simulator. The duties and responsibilities of pilot instructors are:
• Conducting simulator training and line training (line flying under supervision);
• Conducting line checks on the aircraft;
• Conducting aerodrome familiarisation training;
• Conducting progress reviews in the simulator and on the line training;
• Conducting flight (base) training;
• Recommending suitable Pilots-In-Command for appointment as line training
captains;

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-37
• Recommending first officers (co-pilots) for upgrade.
Pilot instructors (type rating instructors) report to the respective Chief Instructor on aircraft
type.
Pilot examiners (type rating examiners) shall receive SSCA authorization for Designated
Check Pilots (DCP). The following tests of pilots' competence are administered by the pilot
examiners authorised by the SSCA and normally employed by JC Airlines:
• Initial type rating tests - to qualify for type endorsement on a pilot's licence;
• Tests for the renewal of a type rating (certificate of test);
• Tests to extend the validity and initial issue of an instrument rating.
The above tests are the standards required to maintain the aircraft and instrument ratings
of a licence. For the further training of pilots and to carry out the tests required by the
regulation, test for a type rating can normally be integrated with the JC Airlines’ bi-annual
type competence check (operator proficiency check/base check) and the two are
administered simultaneously by an examiner in JC Airlines who is authorised as a type
rating examiner by the SSCA. If the instrument rating test is combined with one of the bi-
annual operator proficiency checks (base checks), the examiner must be an instrument
rating examiner authorised by the SSCA.
JC Airlines shall only use examiners authorised by the SSCA for aircraft type and
instrument rating tests. The examiner shall hold the appropriate ratings for the tests being
conducted.
In addition to the duties and responsibilities of the pilot instructors and to the tests listed
above, pilot examiners are responsible for conducting command evaluation checks on the
simulator and the aircraft.
Pilot examiners (type rating examiners) report to the respective Chief Instructor on aircraft
type.
1.7.4 Ground Instructors
JC Airlines requires all theoretical knowledge instructions and ground trainings to be

conducted by an authorised instructor holding the appropriate type/class rating or any
instructor having appropriate experience in aviation and knowledge of the aircraft
concerned.
Ground instructors are responsible for:

• Conducting theoretical ground training and checking (as qualified) of flight crew
members, cabin crew members and other operations personnel according to the
SSCA approved training syllabus and in compliance with JC Airlines training
standards;
CHAPTER 1 P: 1-38
• Participating in the development and improvement of ground training programs and

procedures in their applicable training subjects.
Ground instructors report to the Chief Ground Instructor.
At least once a year one training lecture shall be conducted while supervised by the Fleet
Chief Instructor, or Training Manager or SSCA inspector/examiner, or other properly
qualified specialist delegated by the Training Manager.
1.7.5 Cabin Crew Instructors
Cabin crew instructors are responsible for the conduct of cabin safety ground trainings for
aircraft crew and for applicable cabin crew trainings, according to the SSCA approved
training syllabus and in compliance with JC Airlines training standards. They shall carry out
office duties, cabin crew training programs development and other tasks as allocated by
the Chief Cabin Crew Instructor.
Cabin crew instructors report to the Chief Cabin Crew Instructor.
1.7.6 Flight Dispatcher Instructors
Flight operations officer (flight dispatcher) instructors are responsible for the conduct of
training of flight operations officers (flight dispatchers) according to the SSCA approved
training syllabus and in compliance with JC Airlines training standards. They shall
participate in development and improvement of flight dispatcher training programs and
syllabi.
Flight dispatcher instructors report to the Chief Ground Instructor.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-39
1.8 DUTY PERIOD LIMITATIONS

1.8.1 General
It is essential that both the trainees and instructors are not suffering from fatigue during
training. A flight and duty time limitation scheme has been adopted for both trainees and
instructors, as described in OM Part A, Chapter 7.
For the purpose of training the limitations in the following subsections apply to training
staff/examiners and trainees:
1.8.2 Ground Training
The maximum duty period for theoretical knowledge ground training should be 8 hours in
any one day.
Generally, trainees should not be scheduled to report for duty before 0800hrs and courses
should not extend beyond 1800 hrs. However it is accepted that on occasions the course
duration may have to be prolonged or be extended outside these hours in which case a
suitable rest period must be adopted before the next session.
1.8.3 Simulator Training
Normally only one simulator session of 4 hours in addition of 1 hour of briefing and ½ hour
of debriefing are allowed during one simulator duty period.
Exceptions are allowed; however simulator training sessions in total shall never exceed 8
hours per day. In such cases no training session will last for more than 4 hours without a
break of at least 15 minutes between the sessions.
1.8.4 Base (Flight) Training
For the purpose of base (flight) training:

• Maximum of 36 landings are allowed within one flight duty period exclusively
reserved for base training;
• Maximum of 18 landings are allowed if base training is preceded or followed by
revenue flight operation within same flight duty period;
• To allow sufficient time for pre-flight briefings and preparation, base training flight
duty period shall start no later than 90 minutes before planned off-block time;
• Flight Duty Period that includes base training shall never exceed limitations
published in JC Airlines OM Part A, Chapter 7.

CHAPTER 1 P: 1-40
1.8.5 Line Training
Flight time limitations, published in OM Part A, Chapter 7, are applicable.
1.8.6 Reporting Times
Normal reporting time prior to flight duty is 60 min before scheduled departure time.
Normal reporting time prior to base training flights is 90 min before scheduled departure
time.
The reporting time prior to positioning by ground transportation – refer to individual duty
plan.
Normal reporting time for simulator duties is 60 min before the starting time of the
simulator.
Normal reporting time for ground courses is the starting time of the ground course.
1.8.7 Rest Periods (Instructors and Trainees)
Limitations, published in OM Part A, Chapter 7, are applicable.
Whilst it is appreciated that the fatigue does not have a safety implication with regard to
training in the simulator or in the classroom it is still essential to remain aware that undue
fatigue can affect the learning process.
Training rosters shall be prepared and published sufficiently in advance to provide the
opportunity for the instructors/examiners to plan adequate rest in order to be able to
maintain their awareness and instructional/flying skills.
Training rosters shall be prepared and published sufficiently in advance to provide the
opportunity for the trainees to plan adequate rest in order to maintain their learning
capacities.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-1
TRAINING SYLLABI AND CHECKING - SPECIFIC Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
2 TRAINING SYLLABI AND CHECKING - SPECIFIC

2.1 FLIGHT CREW
2.1.1 Training, Checking and Qualification Course Procedures
All training and checking is organized in JC Airlines either by the Training Manager, or
delegated to the Fleet Chief Instructor for the related type, or outsourced.
The Training Department administration personnel assist the Training Manager (Fleet
Chief Instructor) in organisation of the course. It is administration personnel' duty to
organize travel, accommodation and in-house administration documentation.
It is the Training Manager's (or if delegated, Fleet Chief Instructor's) responsibility to:
• Determine the applicable syllabus and programme;
• Determine/delegate instructors for training and checking;
• Determine location in regard to facilities required;
• Prepare all training documentation;
• Inform Crew Planning department;
• Organize outsourced training as applicable;
• Monitor the training progress.
The Company is running the following A320 flight crew courses:

• Conversion training and checking;
• Differences and familiarization training;
• Trainings relevant to JC Airlines’ specific authorizations;
• Upgrade command training;
• Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat training;
• Recurrent training and checking.
2.1.1.1 Flight Crew Member Selection and Screening
The process for selecting and screening a perspective flight crew member shall include:
• Flight Operations Management interview (covering also human resource evaluation
interview and psychological analysis);
• Verifying authenticity and validity of the pilot license and qualifications;
• Evaluation of English and aviation English language fluency sufficient to perform the
duties (Operational requirement - level 4 or higher);
• Evaluation of sufficient fluency in the language(s) necessary for effective
communication between flight crew as well as between flight crew and cabin crew;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-2
• Evaluation of sufficient fluency in the language(s) necessary for adequate

understanding of JC Airlines manuals and operational documentation;
• Aviation background check (including any involvements in aviation
accidents/serious incidents);
• Security background check (should be performed by the licence issuing State
Authority);
• Check on medical status(Class 1 medical certificate required);
• Simulator screening (as required).
or above of the ICAO Language Proficiency Rating before conducting flying duties on the
aircraft.
To meet the language proficiency requirements a licence holder shall demonstrate, in a

manner acceptable to the SSCA, compliance with the holistic descriptors and at least with
the Operational Level (Level 4) of the Language Proficiency Rating Scale as mentioned in
a paragraph below.
Holistic descriptors
Proficient speakers shall:

• Communicate effectively in voice-only (telephone/radiotelephone) and in face-to-
face situations;
• Communicate on common, concrete and work-related topics with accuracy and
clarity;
• Use appropriate communicative strategies to exchange messages and to recognize
and resolve misunderstandings (e.g. to check, confirm, or clarify information) in a
general or work-related context;
• Handle successfully and with relative ease the linguistic challenges presented by a
complication or unexpected turn of events that occurs within the context of a routine
work situation or communicative task with which they are otherwise familiar; and
• Use a dialect or accent which is intelligible to the aeronautical community.
Operational Level (Level 4)

• Pronunciation: Pronunciation, stress, rhythm and intonation are influenced by the
first language or regional variation but only sometimes interfere with understanding;
• Structure: Basic grammatical structures and sentence patterns are used creatively
and are usually well controlled. Errors may occur, particularly in unusual or
unexpected circumstances, but rarely interfere with meaning;
• Vocabulary: Vocabulary range and accuracy are usually sufficient to communicate
effectively on common, concrete, and work related topics. Can often paraphrase
successfully when lacking vocabulary in unusual or unexpected circumstances;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-3
• Fluency: Produces stretches of language at an appropriate tempo. There may be

occasional loss of fluency on transition from rehearsed or formulaic speech to
spontaneous interaction, but this does not prevent effective communication. Can
make limited use of discourse markers or connectors. Fillers are not distracting;
• Comprehension: Comprehension is mostly accurate on common, concrete, and
work related topics when the accent or variety used is sufficiently intelligible for an
international community of users. When the speaker is confronted with a linguistic
or situational complication or an unexpected turn of events, comprehension may be
slower or require clarification strategies;
• Interactions: Responses are usually immediate, appropriate and informative.
Initiates and maintains exchanges even when dealing with an unexpected turn of
events. Deals adequately with apparent misunderstandings by checking, confirming
or clarifying.
The minimum standards of qualification for pilots before joining the Company or
undertaking conversion training with JC Airlines shall be as follows:
• Valid Cambodian Airline Transport Pilot Licence (ATPL); or
• Valid Cambodian Commercial Pilot Licence (CPL) with Instrument Rating (IR) for
Multi Engine (ME) aeroplanes and the theoretical part of the ATPL.
Licences, corresponding to the above requirements and issued in accordance with EASA
(JAA), FAA or other ICAO regulatory Authority are subject to approval and validation by
the State Secretariat of Civil Aviation (SSCA) in accordance with CCAR Part 2 regulations.
2.1.1.2 Type Rated Flight Crew Members Entering Service with JC Airlines
The Selection Board is formed and composed of: Flight Operations Manager, Chief Pilot,
Training Manager and Accountable Manager. The selection and evaluation process is:
• Checking personal pilot documentation;
• Background evaluation;
• Interview with the Selection Board (as required);
• Psychological Tests (as required);
• Evaluation on simulator (as required).
Abbreviated conversion course, subject to Training Manager's approval, taking into

account type rated flight crew member experience and recency, will be conducted in
accordance with the table from paragraph 2.1.1.5.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-4
2.1.1.3 Type Rated Flight Crew Members Entering Service with JC Airlines on a
Temporary Contract Basis
The Selection Board is formed and composed of: Flight Operations Manager, Chief Pilot,
Training Manager and Accountable Manager. The selection and evaluation process
consists of:
• Checking personal pilot documentation;
• Background evaluation;
• Interview with the Selection Board (as required);
• Psychological Tests (as required);
• Evaluation on simulator (as required).
Abbreviated conversion course, subject to Training Manager's approval, taking into

account type rated flight crew member experience and recency, will be conducted in
accordance with the table from paragraph 2.1.1.5.
2.1.1.4 Non-Type Rated Flight Crew Members Entering Service with JC Airlines
Currently not applicable.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-5
2.1.1.5 New Entrant Training Procedures and Requirements – Summary
Type Rated
Ground School
Introduction to JC Airlines x
Company Operations Procedures x
Aircraft Systems x / Note 1
Performance and Weight & Balance x / Note 2
Human Factors x
Crew Resource Management (CRM) x
Dangerous Goods x
Security x
Safety and Emergency Procedures x
First Aid x
Knowledge Test for Licence Validation x / Note 3
Route and Aerodrome Competency x
Cold/Adverse Weather Operations x
RVSM x
RNAV/PBN x
ACAS x
Aerodrome Emergency Services x / Note 4
EFB x / Note 5
Fire Fighting / Wet Drill / Mock-up x
Pilot Transit Check x
Simulator OPC x
Base (Flight) Training x / Note 6
Familiarization (Observation) Flights x / Note 7
Line flying under supervision x / Note 8
Line Check x

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-6
Explanation:
x : required
Notes:
1) Based on pilot experience, the Aircraft System Test may cover all the ATA subjects
with 100 questions or 25 questions, subject to Training Manager’s approval, as part of
the Introduction to JC Airlines training.
2) Certificates may be validated, subject to the SSCA approval, provided that Company's
specifics are covered in Operational Policies course.
3) Knowledge Test for Licence Validation is applicable for foreign pilots who do not hold
Cambodian license and shall cover the following subjects: Air Law, Operational
Procedures, Meteorology and Communications and is conducted under authority of
SSCA. Revalidation may be done within the previous validation period or latest 6
months after validation expiry, subject to the SSCA approval. If validation has expired
for more than 6 months, new knowledge test for licence validation shall normally be
passed.
4) Part of the Company Operations Procedures training, where the operational
procedures of ground-based emergency services at aerodromes is discussed.
5) Currently not applicable.
6) Applicable to type rated pilots without any flight experience.
7) Familiarization flights, subject to Flight Operations Manager approval, may be
reduced, depending on the pilot’s experience.
8) A minimum of 2 sectors is required before being scheduled for line check; duties on at
least one leg have to be performed as PM (pilot non-flying = pilot monitoring).
or above of the ICAO Language Proficiency Rating before conducting flying duties on the
aircraft.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-7
2.1.2 Conversion Course

2.1.2.1 General
A flight crew member undergoing a conversion course must reach the level of proficiency
to perform his duties on an aeroplane safely at all times.
Flight crew members will be required to complete a conversion course before commencing
unsupervised line flying:
• On joining JC Airlines; and
• When changing to an aircraft for which a new type or class rating is required.
Type rating training, when required, may be conducted separately or as part of the
conversion training. When the type rating training is conducted as part of conversion
training, the conversion training programme will include all the licensing requirements.
Once a flight crew member has commenced a conversion course he shall not undertake
flying duties on another type or class of aircraft until the course is completed or terminated.
Before they are assigned to line duty in a pilot's seat (whether under supervision or not)
Pilot-In-Command and co-pilot must be certified by the operator as competent in all the
functions and duties covered by the relevant bi-annual base check (simulator OPC).
Training in these functions and duties may not be completed in the course of normal
operations. All conversion flying training must therefore incorporate the base check
(simulator OPC).
Unless the aircraft, its handling characteristics and its flight instruments are closely similar
to those of a type on which the pilot is already experienced, his conversion training should
incorporate an instrument rating test on the new type. This will normally be expected to be
part of a conversion programme, regardless of the expiry date of an existing instrument
rating.
Before pilots are assigned to line duty as Pilot-In-Command (Commander) or co-pilot (first
officer), the operator shall certify, as a result of a line check, that they are competent to
execute normal manoeuvres and procedures under supervision. Before operating without
supervision, pilots (PICs and co-pilots) shall successfully pass the line check.
The conversion course shall include:

• Introduction to JC Airlines, ground training and checking including aircraft systems,
normal, abnormal and emergency procedures, performances – as separate
trainings or as part of other trainings, Company Operations Procedures training and
checking, safety and emergency procedures training and checking, human factors
and crew resource management training, security training and checking, first aid
training and checking, dangerous goods training and checking, EFB training, all
other type related trainings, as applicable, and other trainings related to Company
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-8
authorization (cold/adverse weather operations training, all weather operations

training, ACAS/CFIT/UPRT training, RNAV/PBN training, RVSM training, etc.)
• Familiarization (observation) training;
• Flight simulator training and checking;
• Base training, as applicable;
• Line flying under supervision and line check.
In addition all the training related to the Company, as requested by regulations, shall be
completed.
Conversion course may be abbreviated, depending on the flight crew member's

experience.
2.1.2.2 Conversion Course Syllabus
1) Introduction to JC Airlines
The flight crew member will be familiarised with the various aspects of JC Airlines. The
flight crew member should be issued a JC Airlines ID card at this point and the uniform
- as required. The various forms and formalities with regard to the personnel
department will be fulfilled. After welcome briefing (usually conducted by the Flight
Operations Manager), the assigned instructor(s) will conduct the introduction course.
This may also include a review of route and aerodrome competence requirements,
flight planning system, and aircraft systems.
Training shall be completed according to the syllabus. Refer to OM Part D, Chapter 5

– Introduction to JC Airlines Course.
2) Company Operations Procedures Course
Company Operations Procedures Course comprises detailed Operations Procedures

presentation, aided by self-study. Company Operations Procedures and relevant
SSCA regulations are introduced through a classroom lecture performed by authorised
instructor(s). Additional few days of self-study should normally be allocated to flight
crew members.
After completing this course the written test consisting of at least 100 questions on
Operations Procedures subjects will be conducted. The pass grade shall be 80%. The
examination will take 2 hours to complete. The Operations Procedures examinations
shall be completed before the start of unsupervised line flying. The examination is
prepared individually for each course.
Training and checking shall be completed according to the syllabus. Refer to OM Part
D, Chapter 5 – Company Operations Procedures Course.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-9
3) Security Training
The scope of the security training is to explain the basics of the Company Security
Programme as laid down in the Security Manual. Furthermore detailed instructions will
be given in order to enable flight crew members’ clear understanding of the
requirements laid down in Security Manual and OM Part A, Chapter 10. Course is
performed by authorised ground instructor in accordance with the syllabus.
Training and checking shall be completed according to the syllabus. Refer to Security
Manual and OM Part D, Chapter 5 – Security Training.
4) Dangerous Goods Training
The scope of the this course is to explain legal and operational requirements and
limitations related to dangerous goods air transport as laid down in OM Part A,
Chapter 9. Course is performed by authorised ground instructor in accordance with the
syllabi.
D, Chapter 5 – Dangerous Goods Training and OM Part A, Chapter 9, Dangerous
Goods and Weapons.
5) Human Factors Training
The purpose of this course is to address the physiological effects on the human body
of flying, the problems associated with pressure change and hypoxia and the need for
restrictions on underwater diving. Training should include information on flight time
limitations, the effects of operating for extended periods of time and the effects of time
zone changes. Operational limitations should include illness, use of alcohol and drugs,
blood donations etc. Advice should be given on general health care, especially whilst
operating overseas, and the need for preventive medicine such as immunisation, when
operating to potentially infected areas. Course is performed by and authorized
instructor. Adequately expanded Crew Resource Management (CRM) training or First
Aid Training, as applicable, may include/substitute this training.
6) Aerodrome Emergency Services Training
The purpose of this course is to discuss the operational procedures of ground-based

emergency services at aerodromes. Course is performed by an authorized instructor.
Adequately expanded Company Operations Procedures course should cover this
training.
7) Performance/Flight Planning/Weight & Balance Training
The Performance, Flight Planning, Weight & Balance course emphasises and
thoroughly explains requirements given in OM Part A; Chapter 8.1. Course shall

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-10
include effect of inoperative or missing component(s), engine-out drift down and ferry
flight performance. Course is performed by an authorized instructor. Adequately
expanded Company Operations Procedures course may cover this training.
D, Chapter 5 - Performance/Flight Planning/Weight & Balance.
8) Route and Aerodrome Competence Qualification
The Company will assure that any pilot, prior to being assigned as a Commander
(Pilot-In-Command), has obtained adequate knowledge of the route to be flown and of
the airports, including destination and alternates, facilities and procedures to be used.
The combination of self-study, classroom briefings (as part of Introduction to JC
Airlines training), simulator or aircraft training will be used. Qualified instructors will
conduct the training where applicable.

– Route and Aerodrome Competence Qualification.
9) CRM Training
This is a formal classroom course conducted by an authorised CRM instructor. CRM

course is designed to achieve enhanced safety and efficiency as well as to meet
Company specific requirements.

– Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training.
10) Knowledge Test for Licence Validation
The applicants (pilots who do not hold Cambodian pilot license) for the validation
certificate shall demonstrate or provide evidence to the satisfaction of the SSCA that
the knowledge relevant to the licence to be validated have been met for the following
subjects: Air Law, Meteorology, Operational Procedures and Communications.
Preparation for the test should be as self-study.
Training and checking shall be completed according to the syllabus. Checking shell be
performed under supervision of Authority (SSCA). Refer to OM Part D, Chapter 5 –
Knowledge Test for Licence Validation.
11) Safety and Emergency Procedures Training
This training shall consist of the following subjects:

• General safety and emergency training;
• Survival information appropriate to all areas of operations;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-11
• Practical fire/water drill and evacuation training.
Where flotation equipment is carried, a comprehensive wet drill to cover all ditching
procedures must be practised by all crews. This wet drill is to include, as appropriate,
practice of the actual donning and inflation of a life-jacket, together with a
demonstration or film of the inflation of life-rafts and/or slide-rafts. All crews must
board a life raft or a similar flotation equipment from the water whilst wearing their
uniform or similar attire with a life-jacket identical to that being carried on the aircraft.
Training must include the use of all survival equipment carried on board the life raft or
flotation equipment and any additional survival equipment carried separately on
board the aircraft.
Emergency and Safety Equipment vs. Safety and Emergency Procedures = for the
purposes of JC Airlines documents both terms may be used interchangeably.
Training and checking shall be completed according to the syllabus. Refer to OM

Part D, Chapter 5 – Safety and Emergency Procedures Training.
12) EFB Training
EFB training is intended to provide competence in the use of EFB system,

procedures (normal and abnormal/emergency), and applicable EFB software
applications. Where the use of the EFB system is fully integrated into flight
operations, all simulator and aircraft training programs shall be conducted using the
EFB system.

– EFB Training.
Note: Currently not applicable.
13) Familiarization flights
A minimum of 4 sectors as observer on the flight deck of the aeroplane type for which
conversion will take place shall be performed. This may be reduced to 2 sectors,
depending on the pilot' previous experience, subject to approval by the Training
Manager. Familiarisation flights shall preferably be completed before commencing
simulator training, but latest before commencing line training under supervision.

– Familiarization Flights.
The Conversion Course should preferably be conducted in the order set out above.
However part of the ground training (Safety and Emergency Procedures training, Human
Factors/CRM training, Security training, Dangerous Goods training) may be completed
following the simulator phase, but before any aircraft flying.
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-12
2.1.2.3 Type Related Ground Training and Checking
Type related ground training and checking part of the conversion course consists of the
following:
a) Type Related Performance Training
The type related performance course is conducted by an authorised instructor, using the
classroom briefings and applicable modules from the Computer Based Training (CBT).
Course will cover type related performance, flight planning and weight & balance subjects.
Course shall include: take-off, climb, cruise and landing performances, obstacle clearance
and effect of inoperative or missing components (MEL/CDL), including engine-out drift
down, fuel planning, diversion planning and type related weight & balance calculations
taking into account previous qualifications of the flight crew members for the above
mentioned items. Type related specifics are already included in adequately expanded
Company Operations Procedures training or general Performance/Flight Planning/Weight
& Balance training.
b) Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) Training
Note: Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) vs. Traffic Collision Avoidance
System (TCAS) - both terms may be used interchangeably.
Adequate training must be given before a pilot flies a TCAS equipped aircraft, to ensure
that appropriate action is taken on receiving Traffic Advisory’s and Resolution Advisory’s.
The pilots must have a sound understanding of equipment operation capabilities and
limitations, and the procedures to be used in response to any advisory information
generated.
Training shall include:

• Descriptions of onboard equipment and associated controls, information displays
and audio and visual indications;
• Abnormal or fault conditions;
• Descriptive terms associated with TCAS and any limitations which prevent the
equipment from providing complete protection from approaching aircraft;
• The full sequence of events that follow from intruder detection through RA
generation to return to assigned clearance, with proper emphasis on prompt
response to warnings;
• Simulator training to provide a series of encounters scenarios to test the
understanding of correct responses.
Initial (conversion) and recurrent refresher training should be carried out in the simulator to
allow a pilot to demonstrate correct response to a RA.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-13
For syllabus refer to OM Part D, Chapter 5 - Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
/ Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Training.
c) CFIT and Windshear Training
Training in the use of terrain avoidance warning systems (TAWS) – EGPWS/GPWS and
reaction to windshear is integrated into the type rating courses undertaken by all pilots in
order to ensure that flight crew members are knowledgeable and proficient with all aspects
of the proper operation of the above specified equipment.
Windshear avoidance and recovery ground training is applicable only to initial type rating
training and shall be done by authorized instructor by means of CBT or classroom briefing
and cover as a minimum:
• Whether conditions which might originate wind shear;
• Windshear alert system;
• Windshear avoidance and recovery technique.
Windshear training covering windshear on take-off and on approach (with autopilot or

manual flying) and associated actions should be performed in simulator training.
Windshear avoidance and recovery is mandatory part of the 12 month recurrent simulator
training/checking.
All flight crew members shall receive training and evaluation to demonstrate proficiency in
terrain awareness, to include:
• Knowledge and conduct of associated procedures;
• GPWS alerts and warnings;
• The avoidance of Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT).
Special ground training program for CFIT is applicable for initial type rating training and
shall be done by authorized instructor by means of CBT or classroom briefing and cover
as a minimum:
• CFIT accidents review;
• The decision makers;
• CFIT prevention;
• CFIT avoidance;
• CFIT traps;
• TAWS (GPWS) description and conduct of associated procedures.
Recurrent CFIT ground training is incorporated in recurrent CRM training. CFIT awareness
and GPWS simulator training is included in initial and recurrent simulator training
syllabuses. Different scenarios of GPWS & EGPWS activation after take-off and during
descent/approach phase should be covered during simulator training.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-14
d) Cold/Adverse Weather Operations Training
Cold/adverse weather operations, including de-icing/anti-icing policies and procedures,

contaminated runways operations, thunderstorm avoidance, cold weather operations, hot
weather operations, operations near volcanic ash is conducted by an authorised instructor,
and self-study.
Training and checking shall be completed according to syllabus. Refer to OM Part D,

Chapter 5 – Cold/Adverse Weather Operations Training.
e) All Weather Operations Training
Reserved.
f) Type Related Safety and Emergency Procedures Training
Theoretical and classroom part of this course is already incorporated in general Safety and
Emergency Procedures training, where type related specifics are reviewed. In addition,
aircraft familiarization (aircraft visit) is required as part of practical training. Before
operating different aircraft type or variations, flight crew member shall complete applicable
differences and familiarization training, including type/variant specific safety and
emergency procedures training.
Training and checking shall be completed according to the syllabus. Refer to OM Part D,
Chapter 5 – Safety and Emergency Procedures Training.
g) Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT)
The objective of Upset Prevention and Recovery Training (UPRT) is to help flight crews to
acquire the required knowledge, skills and attitudes to prevent or recover from a
developing or developed upset. Prevention training prepares flight crews to avoid
incidents, whereas recovery training prepares flight crews to prevent an accident once an
upset condition has occurred. The overall aim is to improve flight crew resilience. In
particular, the stress response, startle, and surprise effects should be emphasized. Threat
and Error Management (TEM) and Crew Resource Management (CRM) should be
integrated into UPRT training program. The training consists of the ground training part,
which may be a separate ground course or being part of the expanded Operations
Procedures training, and simulator training.
h) Pilot Transit Check
The objective of this course is to train pilots to be able to perform Pilot Transit Check
(aircraft exterior walkaround) procedure. Pilots shall receive appropriate training, briefings
and guidance material about performing pilot transit check and supervising
refuelling/defuelling.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-15
2.1.2.4 Type related Flight Simulator Training and Checking
Flight simulator training and checking shall be conducted as follows:
a) Instructor
Flight simulator training shall be conducted under the supervision of an authorised

Company instructor/examiner, approved by the SSCA.
b) Course elements
The standard syllabus for conversion training is as follows: Type rated pilots joining JC
Airlines may only conduct Operator Proficiency Check (base check), subject to Training
Manager’s evaluation of pilot’s previous qualification and experience, and final SSCA
approval.
Note: The amount of simulator training / checking will be prescribed by the Training
Manager, taking into account the pilots’ previous experience.
c) Crew composition
The conversion course has been established for the simultaneous qualification of a flight
crew consisting of a captain (Commander) and a co-pilot (first officer).
When the flight crew consists of two captains (Commanders) or two first officers:
• Simulator sessions may be completed with both pilots taking turns acting as
Commander and as first officers. PF duties however, shall be completed from the
seat for which the pilot is being trained;
• Simulator sessions covering LOFT and Low Visibility training shall be completed in
full from the seat for which the pilot is being trained. During these sessions the other
pilot seat shall be occupied by a pilot qualified for, or under training for that seat.
d) Operators Proficiency Check (Base Check) and Pilot Proficiency Check (PPC)
The flight crew member shall complete an OPC in accordance with OM Part D
requirements, conducted by an authorised Company examiner, approved by the SSCA.
2.1.2.5 Base (Flight) Training
a) Applicability
Base (flight) training is required for pilot, who are type rated but have no flight experience
on A320 aircraft.
The aim of the base training is to:

• Provide a transition from simulator to aircraft;
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-16
• Provide practice in all aspects of visual flight;

• Confirm the value of the safe landing techniques which have been acquired in the
simulator;
• Ensure that a pilot can land safely, by day or by night, on a repetitive basis solely by
reference to visual clues.
Base training will give the trainees an opportunity to refine:

• Handling techniques learned in the simulator;
• Acquire the visual references at traffic pattern speed;
• Experience the behaviour of the aircraft during thrust and configuration changes;
• Put into practice the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
b) Instructor
Base training shall be conducted under the supervision of a qualified pilot instructor who
shall be appointed as the Commander (Pilot-In-Command). An additional experienced pilot
in a role of safety pilot shall be carried on board (refer to OM Part A).
c) Training
The amount of base training scheduled prior to line training (line flying under supervision)
is dependent on the candidate's previous experience. The pilot should not be released for
line flying unless the pilot instructor (type rating instructor) conducting base training is
satisfied with the demonstrated handling ability. Further base training may be advisable in
certain cases.
The training consists of base training on the aeroplane as follows:

1) A pilot with more than 500 hours MPA flight time on similar types and in excess of
1500 hours total flight time should complete:
• A minimum of 4 landings, of which at least one should be a full stop landing.
2) A pilot with less than 500 hours MPA flight time on similar types of aircraft, or less
than 1500 hours total flight time, should complete:
• A minimum of 6 landings, of which at least two should be a full stop landings.
Landings (touch and go’s) shall be repeated up to proficiency but shall not be less than the
minima required above.
Base training normally consists of visual circuits combined with touch and go and full stop
landings. System failures and non-normal procedures will not be carried out during base
training. Simulated single engine work is not required for aircraft base flying training
conversions.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-17
Cabin shall be secured for base training flights. This includes checking of galley stowage
and security, completing a full and thorough inspection to ensure all loose items are
secured and making sure that catering trolleys are off-loaded from the aeroplane.
Operation of door slides shall be briefed to everyone on board and at least both forward
slides shall be armed.
A thorough briefing covering all the aspects of base training, including emergencies, must
be given, together with contingency for actual engine failure.
Discussion shall be made about the use of:

• Track/FPA and flight path vector;
• Auto thrust;
• Autopilot;
• Brakes/reverse thrust (not to be used on a touch and go).
The responsibility for all of the above rests with the instructor conducting the training.
Base training flights may only be conducted when the weather conditions are above the
following specified minima:
Cloud Base Visibility Wind
> 1700 feet > 8 km < 15 kts
Note: The runway shall not be contaminated during base training.
Minimum runway length to perform touch and go's should be 2700 metres.
Many events during circuit training do not necessarily fit in with normal SOP. It is therefore
imperative that everyone on board is aware of what is happening throughout the detail and
what their own specific duties are.
The duties of the safety pilot are to:

• Monitor aircraft configuration;
• Monitor checklists and aircraft configuration;
• Monitor R/T and maintain visual lookout;
• Speak up in the event of any observed abnormalities;
• Monitor aircraft configuration, especially on approach;
• Advise of any abnormalities.
Touch and Go Procedure
A touch and go landing is a convenient method of performing several approach and

landings without consuming the time involved in taxiing round on the ground. It should not
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-18
be assumed that a decision to roll is always safe, even with a runway longer than the
required minimum. Poor landing technique such as excessive float or high landing speed
may make it advisable to abandon the touch and go and either go around or make a full
stop landing.
In the event of a take-off configuration warning, the trainee must be briefed to continue
with the touch and go unless the instructor calls »STOP«. It may not be possible to stop
safely during the touch and go and the instructor must assess whether stopping or
continuing presents the safest situation.
Warning: If reverse thrust is initiated, or brakes applied, a full stop landing must be
made.
If during any stage of the base training the instructor considers it necessary, he will
announce »I HAVE CONTROL«. The trainee will relinquish control and confirm it with
announcement »YOU HAVE CONTROL«.
2.1.2.6 Line Flying under Supervision
The conversion syllabus should provide for all pilots, after completion of flying training and
initial tests, to operate a minimum number of sectors and/or flying hours under supervision.
The minimum figures should be agreed with the SSCA.
The under supervision period should not be used for the completion of the basic
conversion syllabus. Its purpose is twofold. Firstly, it will enable the newly converted pilot
to settle down to his duties on the new type in the company of an experienced and
qualified pilot specially designated for the purpose, and to turn to him for advice if
necessary. Secondly, it will enable the training staff to assess and verify the adequacy of
the conversion training, and to ensure that proper operating standards are achieved at the
outset, in the course of normal and varied operations.
In JC Airlines a “Line Flying under Supervision" means:

• For a Commander (Pilot-in-Command): Flying with an experienced pilot, qualified to
act as the aircraft Pilot-in-Command and specially designated by the operator to act
as a supervising pilot, who should occupy the seat and perform the duties of a first
officer;
• For a first officer:
- Flying in the first officer's seat with a qualified Pilot-in-Command, specially
designated for the purpose, occupying the Pilot-in-Command's seat;
designated for the purpose, occupying the Pilot-in-Command's seat and a
supervisory first officer specially designated for the purpose, occupying an
additional crew seat in the flight deck.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-19
Note: Training Manager will decide for first officer line flying under supervision whether
supervisory first officer is required or not, based on the type of training and
experience of the first officer on line flying under supervision.
On completion of the sectors under supervision a line check should be administered.
Line flying under supervision provides the opportunity for a flight crew member to carry into
practice the procedures and techniques he has been made familiar with during ground and
flying training of a conversion course. This is accomplished under the supervision of a
flight crew member specifically nominated and trained for the task. At the end of flying
under supervision the respective crew member should be able to perform a safe and
efficient flight conducted within the tasks of his crew member station and in compliance
with the procedures as published in the appropriate manuals and documents.
The pilot under supervision shall be given the opportunity to fly at the controls up to 75 %
as Pilot Flying (PF), but at least 50 %.
Line flying under supervision should be conducted under the supervision of a line training
captain (LTC) or pilot instructor/type rating instructor (TRI).
During line flying under supervision the pilot under supervision should be introduced to
operate in areas, on routes or route segments and into the airports to be used in
operations for the operator aeroplane type.
The following flight crew personnel receive a program of line flying under supervision:
• New joining pilots including first officers and captains;
• First officers (co-pilots) under training in the left hand seat for upgrade command;
• Commanders operating as instructors under supervision, in order to obtain a Line
Training Captain Qualification;
• Pilots requiring additional or remedial training. The amount and content will then be
specified on a case-by-case basis by the Training Manager.
The LTC or TRI shall record all relevant items in the flight crew member's line training file.
Before starting Line flying under supervision, the trainee must have successfully
completed all the required ground, simulator and base training and checking.
Line flying under supervision shall be accomplished under the following guidelines:
• Duties
The Commander under training is performing all duties and functions of
Commander (Pilot-in-Command) such that the intervention of the nominated
Commander in the interest of safety is not required. It is essential that trainee's
become familiar with pilot monitoring (PM) as well as pilot flying (PF) duties during
their line training. To accomplish this, the Captain under training shall also be a PM
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-20
from the left hand seat. During these flight(s), the instructor or line training captain is
PF from the right hand pilot’s seat.
The first officer under training shall become familiar with pilot monitoring (PM) as
well as pilot flying (PF) duties during his line training.
• Sectors, hours requirements and crew composition
Pilots of differing experience levels may require differing line flying under
supervision:
1) For first officers undertaking the initial/first conversion course a minimum of 40
sectors or 100 hours, whichever is greater, of line flying under supervision is
required;
2) For newly type rated captains undertaking the conversion course a minimum of
40 sectors or 100 hours, whichever is greater, of line flying under supervision is
required.
After minimum of 10 sectors or 30 hours line flying under supervision, whichever is greater
and after demonstrating sufficient theoretical knowledge regarding handling of
incapacitation of other flight crew member and subject to recommendation of two LTCs or
TRIs, the presence of another suitably qualified safety pilot is no longer required.
3) For type rated pilot joining JC Airlines and undertaking an abbreviated

conversion course a minimum of 2 sectors line flying under supervision is
required. The presence of suitably qualified safety pilot is generally not required;
subject to type rated pilot experience – decision rests with the Training Manager
or Chief Instructor on aircraft type. The amount of sectors required will be
determined after due note has been taken of the pilot's previous training and
experience.
2.1.2.7 Line Check
Upon completion of line flying under supervision and before commencing unsupervised
line flying a flight crew member shall successfully complete a line check.
The maximum duration of line flying under supervision shall be 6 months (from the first line
flying under supervision flight), or 250 hrs of line flying under supervision, whichever
comes first. An extension may be granted by the Training Manager for the reason of
unforeseen circumstances (e.g. illness, low volume of flying...). Newly type rated pilots
should accumulate a minimum of two recommendations for line check from at least two
different LTCs (TRIs) before being scheduled for line check.
The line check is considered a particularly important factor in the development,

maintenance and refinement of high operating standards, and can provide a valuable
indication of the usefulness of JC Airlines training policy and methods.
The following guidance relates to the conduct of all line checks:

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-21
• The line check is conducted on the aeroplane so that each flight crew member can
demonstrate competence in carrying out normal line operations described in the
appropriate JC Airlines manuals;
• Line checks are a test of a flight crew member’s ability to perform a complete line
operation satisfactorily, including pre-flight and post-flight procedures and use of
equipment provided, and an opportunity for an overall assessment of his ability to
perform the duties required;
• The Commander (Pilot-In-Command) should demonstrate his ability to manage the
situation and take appropriate command decisions;
• The line check is not intended to determine competence on any particular route -
the route chosen for a line check should be such as to give adequate representation
of the scope of a pilot’s normal operations. When weather conditions preclude a
manual landing, an automatic landing is acceptable;
• Line Checks shall consist of a minimum of one sector as Pilot Flying (PF) and one
sector as Pilot Monitoring (PM);
• The flight crew will be assessed on their CRM skills;
• The examiner should normally occupy an observer’s seat unless otherwise
specified.
2.1.3 Trainings Relevant to JC Airlines’ Specific Authorizations
Trainings relevant to JC Airlines’ specific authorizations are integrated into the conversion
type rating course undertaken by all pilots in order to ensure that flight crew members are
knowledgeable and proficient with all aspects of the proper operation of the equipment in
above specified environment.
In order to facilitate safe and efficient operation JC Airlines conducts training of some of
the below specified courses for pilots undergoing a type conversion course.
2.1.3.1 ETOPS (EDTO) Training
Reserved.
2.1.3.2 Performance Based Navigation (PBN) Training
All flight crews shall receive appropriate training, briefings and guidance material in the
operation of RNAV-based departure, enroute and arrival procedures which should cover
normal and contingency procedures.
The following issues will be covered:

• General concept of PBN and RNAV;
• Minimum equipment requirements applicable for operations conducted in RNAV
airspace;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-22
• Operating procedures, both general and specific to the aeroplane type concerned,
which are designed to ensure safe and efficient operation, in particular the
monitoring of navigational accuracy;
• The requirement to advise ATC in the event of any reduction in navigational
accuracy below the applicable limit, and the subsequent contingency procedures
that must be employed.
The initial PBN training shall take the form of the classroom briefing or self-study followed
by completion of the questionnaire. The knowledge obtained will be implemented during
simulator training and line flying under supervision.
Training and checking shall be completed according to the syllabus. Refer to OM Part D,
Chapter 5 – PBN course.
2.1.3.3 Reduced Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM) Training
JC Airlines training program for flight crew in respect to the operating practices,
procedures and training items related to RVSM operations are incorporated in initial, and
where appropriate, conversion and recurrent training programs. In broad terms, this covers
flight planning, pre-flight procedures, aircraft procedures before RVSM airspace entry, in-
flight procedures, contingency procedures, flight crew training procedures and specific
China RVSM procedures.
Pilots who are required to operate aeroplanes in airspace or on routes where RVSM is
applied will be required to undergo training as follows:
• Knowledge and understanding of standard Air Traffic Control phraseology used in
each area of operation;
• The importance of crew members cross checking to ensure that Air Traffic Control
clearances are promptly and correctly complied with;
• The use and limitations in terms of accuracy of stand-by altimeters in contingencies;
• The problems of visual perception of other aircraft at 1000 ft (300 m), especially
during darkness;
• The characteristics of aircraft altitude capture systems which may lead to
overshoots;
• The relationship between the aircraft’s altimetry, automatic altitude control and
transponder systems in normal and abnormal conditions;
• Any airframe operating restrictions, if required for the specific aircraft group, related
to RVSM airworthiness approval;
• Use of TCAS in RVSM airspace;
• Effect of wake turbulence;
• Pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight procedures;
• Contingency procedures after entering RVSM airspace.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-23
For detailed syllabus refer to OM Part D, Chapter 5 – RVSM Training.
2.1.3.4 All Weather Operations (AWO) Training
Reserved.
2.1.3.5 MNPS Training
Reserved.
2.1.3.6 Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) Training
Note: Currently not applicable in JC Airlines.
All flight crew must complete an approved training programme before being authorised to
use the EFB equipment. EFB training is intended to provide competence in the use of the
EFB system and the respective software applications. Where the use of the EFB system is
fully integrated into flight operations, all training and checking programs shall be conducted
using the EFB system.
The following elements should be included in EFB training:

• Description of EFB system components, associated limitations, software-
applications and the relevant documentation;
• Description of EFB policies and procedures on the use of the EFB system;
• Description of EFB relevant chapters of the Operations Manual system and
manufacturer provided manuals;
• Description of pre-flight checks of the EFB system including processes and
procedures for the availability, validity, expiration and revision of EFB
application/software and database
• Description of start-up, standby and shutdown of the EFB system and explanation
of stowing procedures and electrical power management of EFB devices;
• Description of normal EFB procedures;
• Description of procedures to handle abnormal and emergency EFB situations;
• Description of defined procedures to ensure that only the current version of the
application software and associated data packages are used;
• Description of mitigation procedures including partial or complete loss of EFB
system;
• Description of restrictions on the use of the EFB system, including when some or all
of the EFB functions are not available;
• Description of the conditions (including phases of flight) under which the EFB may
and may not be used;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-24
• Explanation on the back-up system established by the operator in case of a partial

or complete loss of the EFB system;
• Explanation on the processes and mitigation procedures in case of EFB system
deficiencies or data discrepancies;
• Explanation of CRM and human factor considerations on the use of the EFB
system;
• Description of the policy on handling of conflicting and/or inconsistent information;
• Description on security procedures in regard to the EFB system;
• Explanation on the use of the EFB hardware and the need for proper adjustment of
lighting, etc. when the system is used in-flight;
• Explanation of the intended use of each software application together with
limitations and prohibitions on their use;
• Demonstration of correct handling, proper application and use of the EFB system;
• Demonstration of crosschecking of input/output data, keyboard entries and
computed information, including handling of conflicting and/or inconsistent
information in accordance with the defined policies;
• Provision of documentation that provides conditions, limitations and procedures for
the use of the EFB system and its associated equipment;
Operator's training shall provide instruction, demonstration and practice using actual
approved software applications within the EFB system.
The training material used in EFB training shall be appropriate with respect to the EFB
equipment, software applications and published procedures.
Only instructors with a demonstrated understanding of the unique requirements of EFB are
to be designated as instructors for EFB. Initial qualification with the EFB requires that the
flight crew members demonstrate adequate proficiency with the EFB. This is completed
during initial ground training and/or during line check. Flight crew shall demonstrate
adequate knowledge of the EFB system, relevant EFB procedures, applicable documents
and software applications.
2.1.4 Differences and Familiarization Training

2.1.4.1 General
Before requiring flight crew members to operate more than one type or variant, operators
should first nominate one aeroplane as the base aeroplane from which to show differences
with the second aeroplane type or variant, the ‘difference aeroplane’, in terms of
technology (systems), procedures, pilot handling and aeroplane management.
Use of this methodology is acceptable to the SSCA as a means of evaluating aeroplane

differences and similarities to justify the operation of more than one type or variant, and
when credit is sought.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-25
JC Airlines’ requirements for crew operating more than one type or variant are as follows:
• A320-214 is a base aeroplane (A320) in JC Airlines;
• A320-231, A320-212, etc. represent other variants of A320 aircraft;
• A318, A319 and A321 aircraft are part of the A320 family aircraft, for which a single
type rating is required.
•
2.1.4.2 Differences Training
A flight crew member shall complete differences training when:

• Operating another variant of an aircraft of the same type or another type of the
same class currently operated; or
• A change of equipment and/or procedures on types or variants currently operated
requires additional knowledge and training on an appropriate training device.
2.1.4.3 Familiarisation Training
A flight crew member shall complete familiarisation training when:

• Operating another aircraft of the same type or variant; or
• A change of equipment and/or procedures on types or variants currently operated
requires the acquisition of additional knowledge.
The Training Manager will specify when familiarisation training is required.
2.1.5 Nomination as Pilot-In-Command (Commander)

2.1.5.1 General
When a command vacancy exists consideration is usually given to the promotion of a

suitably qualified JC Airlines’ first officers (co-pilots) to fill the position. The role of a Pilot-
In-Command (Commander) is a complex one involving a great deal more than the ability to
fly the aeroplane on normal line operations. The selection of candidates for Command
Upgrade training should be the joint responsibility of the Flight Operations Manager and
Training Manager and their final approval by Accountable Manager.
JC Airlines will ensure that for an upgrade to Commander from a first officer, the trainee
completes an appropriate Command Course.
JC Airlines’ first officers (co-pilots) being upgraded to Commanders shall undertake the
training and checking as prescribed in this section.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-26
2.1.5.2 Qualification
Before being considered for Command Upgrade training the pilot shall satisfy the following
requirements:
• ATPL
The pilot shall have Airline Transport Pilot Licence.
• Flight time
For upgrading to Commander a minimum of 4000 hours total flying time on a multi-
engine aircraft with a MTOW ≥ 20.000 kg is required. A minimum of 1500 hours is
required on the aeroplane type, on which upgrading will be conducted.
• Proficiency criteria
Applicant for command training has successfully completed all proficiency and skill
tests/checks in the preceding two years.
2.1.5.3 Assessment & Evaluation
Prior to selection for Command Upgrade training the first officer must be positively
recommended as suitable for training by the pilot instructors, Flight Operations Manager,
Training Manager and finally approved by the Accountable Manager.
Any candidate for Command Upgrade training must exhibit recognized standards of dress,
behaviour, and conduct commensurate with the position.
2.1.5.4 Command Upgrade Training Course
A Command Upgrade training course is required for first officers (co-pilots) upgrading to
Commanders (Pilots-In-Command). The training and checking programme associated with
this course is hence applicable to all first officers upgrading to Commanders.
First officers shall complete the training and checking programme in accordance with
requirements from the OM Part D.
The Command Upgrade training shall include at least the following:

• Ground training;
• Training in an approved flight simulator to include LOFT;
• An Operator Proficiency Check (OPC) operating as Pilot-In-Command;
• Base (flight) training (may be substituted by applicable simulator training);
• Line check operating as Pilot-In-Command (Commander).

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-27
2.1.5.5 Ground Training
The ground training includes the following subjects:

• Technical system refresher followed by written exam;
• CRM training & Commander's responsibilities
This consists of a Crew Resource Management (CRM) course with emphasis on the
role of the Commander and classroom briefing on the following subjects:
- Review of Commanders responsibilities - a study of the related chapters in
OM Part A;
- Technical liaison - a review of technical fault reporting, correct use of Aircraft
Technical Log (ATL) and a general review of technical logistical procedures;
- Discussion with a Maintenance Manager or his deputy on the responsibilities
and procedures in case of technical malfunction at line stations;
- Discussion on Commander's authority, passenger claims, passenger
complaints;
- Quality System - a discussion on the quality system and quality assurance
programme;
- Review of OM Part B and OM Part C;
- Discussions on perishable loads, special loads (as applicable);
- Discussions on over flight permits, rotations, scheduling and long term
planning;
- Operational Centre - discussion on co-ordination and communication;
- Flight Operations - flight planning and fuel policy;
- Discussion with a Flight Operations Manager - Responsibilities and role as a
JC Airlines representative.
2.1.5.6 Flight Simulator Training
Command Upgrade simulator training and checking shall be accomplished under following
guidelines:
• General
In order to enhance the training experience, MEL and operational issues should be
included as part of the simulator exercises. The simulator briefings will include case
based studies for discussion/facilitation where appropriate.
• Crew composition
The Commander under training shall act as Commander (Pilot-In-Command),
operating in the left hand seat (LHS). On the right hand seat (RHS) should either be
a fully qualified first officer, Commander under training or a first officer under
training. If two first officer candidates undergoing upgrade training are paired
together they will alternate between the LHS and RHS. All PF work will be
conducted with the candidate in the LHS.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-28
• Instructor
Simulator training shall be conducted under the guidance and supervision of a
qualified pilot instructor/type rating instructor.
• Training elements
A minimum of 4 simulator sessions acting as Commander from the left hand seat,
including:
- 3 session general handling and procedures including abnormal and
emergency procedures (4 hours each session), and
- 1 session LOFT including all major topics of CRM (this session may include
Low Visibility Operations). LOFT scenario shall simulate situations where
candidate’s command abilities (decision making, conflict solving, operational
overview, legal knowledge and emergency authority) can be evaluated.
• Operators Proficiency Check

1 simulator sessions - the candidate for Commander (Pilot-In-Command) shall
complete an Operators Proficiency Check (OPC) acting as a Commander from the
left hand seat in accordance with requirements from the OM Part D. If the candidate
Commander holds a first officer's type rating for the aeroplane type, a type rating
skill test, for the Commanders items only, shall be required. The type rating skill test
will be combined with the OPC required above.
2.1.5.7 Base Training
The Commander under training shall conduct minimum 4 landings / touch and go's, from
the LHS (left hand seat), of which one should be full stop landing.
Base (flight) training may be substituted by applicable training in an approved simulator.
2.1.5.8 Line Flying Under Supervision
simulator training of an upgrade course. This is accomplished under the supervision of a
efficient flight conducted within the tasks of his crew member station.
The pilot under supervision shall be given the opportunity to fly at the controls up to 75 %
as PF, but at least 50 %.
Line flying under supervision shall be conducted under the supervision of a line training
captain (LTC) or pilot instructor/type rating instructor (TRI). The LTC or TRI shall record all
relevant items in the flight crew member's line training file.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-29
During line flying under supervision the pilot under supervision should be introduced to
operate in areas, on routes or route segments and into the airports to be used in
operations for the operator aeroplane type.
Before starting line flying under supervision, the Commander under training must have
successfully completed the simulator training/checking and base training.
Line flying under supervision for command upgrade is conducted in accordance with OM
Part D requirements and shall be accomplished under the following guidelines:
• Duties
The Commander under training is performing the duties and functions of
Commander as PICUS (Pilot-in-Command under Supervision) in such a way that
the intervention of the nominated Commander in the interest of safety is not
required. It is essential that trainee's become familiar with pilot monitoring (PM) as
well as pilot flying (PF) duties during their line training. To accomplish this, the
Commander under training shall do at least 2 legs as PM from the left hand seat.
During these flights, the instructor or line training captain is PF from the right hand
pilot’s seat.
• Sectors, hours requirements and crew composition

A total of minimum 20 sectors or 60 hours of line flying in command under
supervision, whichever is greater, is required, under the following provisions and
schedule:
1) A minimum of 10 sectors or 30 hours of line flying in command under
supervision, whichever is greater, is required, where the Commander under
training shall act as Commander, operating in the left hand seat. The right
hand seat shall be occupied by a right hand qualified line training captain
(LTC) or pilot instructor/type rating instructor (TRI);
2) A minimum of 10 sectors or 30 hours of line flying in command under
supervision, whichever is greater, is required, where the Commander under
training shall act as Commander, operating in the left hand seat. The right
hand seat shall be occupied by a qualified first officer (co-pilot). Line training
captain (LTC) or type rating instructor (TRI) shall occupy the observer seat.
2.1.5.9 Line Check
After successfully completion of line flying under supervision and before starting
unsupervised line flying duties as a Commander, the crew member will have to complete a
line check operating as Commander/Pilot-In-Command (minimum 2 sectors).

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-30
2.1.6 Qualification to operate in the right-hand Seat
A course is required for any Commander, not qualified as line training captain (LTC) or
type rating instructor (TRl), whose duties also require him to operate from the right-hand
seat during any flight phase below FL 200.
A Commander performing a course to operate in the right-hand pilot's seat must reach the
level of proficiency to perform his duties on an aeroplane safely at all times. This includes:
• Engine failure during take-off;
• One engine inoperative approach and go-around;
• One engine inoperative landing;
• An engine failure in cruise and drift-down;
• Emergency descent.
When operating in the right-hand seat, the checks required to operate from the left-hand
seat must, in addition, be valid and current.
The simulator training and checking shall be conducted by a qualified instructor.
For syllabus refer to OM Part D, Chapter 5 - Commander Qualification to Operate in Right-

hand Seat training.
2.1.7 Cruise Relief Captain Training and Checking
Reserved.
2.1.8 Route and Aerodrome Competence Qualification Training

2.1.8.1 General
A flight crew member, before being appointed as Commander (Pilot-In-Command) on JC

Airlines flights, must reach the required level of aerodrome and route competence to
perform his duties on an aeroplane safely at all times.
Prior to being assigned as the Commander on JC Airlines’ flights, the pilot shall undergo
training to ensure that he has obtained adequate knowledge of the route to be flown and of
the aerodromes (including alternates), facilities and procedures to be used.
Depending on the complexity of the route and/or aerodrome, as assessed by JC Airlines,

the following methods for qualification should be used:
• For less complex routes and/or aerodromes category B:
Familiarization by self-briefing with the route and/or aerodrome documentation.
• For more complex routes and/or aerodromes category C:

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-31
In-flight familiarization as a Commander under supervision, right-hand seated pilot

(if qualified), observer, or familiarization in an approved flight simulator using a data
base appropriate to the routes/aerodromes concerned.
2.1.8.2 Route Competence
Route competence training will include the knowledge of:

• Terrain and minimum safe altitudes;
• Seasonal meteorological conditions;
• Meteorological, communication and air traffic facilities, services and procedures;
• Search and rescue procedures;
• Drift-down procedures (where applicable);
• Navigational facilities associated with the route along which the flight is to take
place.
2.1.8.3 Aerodrome Competence
Aerodrome competence training will include the review and familiarization of:
• Airport Briefings;
• Special Airport Limitations;
• Communication Failure Procedures;
• Applicable Charts;
• Engine-Out SIDs (EOSIDs).
OM Part C includes the categorisation of aerodromes for the purpose of aerodrome

competence qualification. Criteria for the categorisation of aerodromes are given in OM
Part A.
The parameters, which qualify an aerodrome as category A, B, or C, are as follows:
1) Category A aerodromes
An aerodrome which satisfies all of the following requirements and does not require
specific considerations:
• An approved instrument approach procedure;
• At least 1 runway with no performance limited procedure for take-off and landing;
• Published circling minima not higher than 1000 ft AAL;
• Night operations capability.
2) Category B aerodromes

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-32
An aerodrome which does not satisfy the Category A requirements or which requires extra
considerations such as:
• Non-standard approach aids and/or approach patterns;
• Unusual local weather conditions;
• Unusual characteristics or performance limitations;
• Any other relevant considerations including obstructions, physical layout, lighting,
etc.
3) Category C aerodromes
An aerodrome which requires additional considerations to a category B aerodrome.
For syllabus refer to OM Part D, Chapter 5 - Route and Aerodrome Competence

Qualification training.
2.1.9 Line Training Captains Training
Reserved.
2.1.10 Type Rating Instructors (TRI) Training
Reserved.
2.1.11 Recurrent (Refresher) Training

2.1.11.1 General
Each flight crew member shall undergo recurrent training and checking relevant to the
aeroplane type on which the flight crew member is certificated to operate. Line checks,
route and aerodrome competency and recent experience requirements are intended to
ensure the crew member’s ability to operate efficiently under normal conditions.
Other training such as emergency and safety equipment training are primarily intended to
prepare the crew member for abnormal/emergency procedures.
The line check is performed in the aircraft. All other training and checking will generally be
performed in an approved flight simulator or, in the case of ground and refresher training,
in an approved facility.
The type of equipment used for checking should be representative of the instrumentation,
equipment and layout of the aircraft type operated by the flight crew member. It is JC
Airlines policy that Pilot Proficiency Checks (PPC) and Operator Proficiency Checks (OPC)
shall be completed in an approved flight simulator.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-33
Recurrent training is conducted by the following personnel:

• Ground recurrent (refresher) training by suitable qualified/approved ground
instructors;
• Flight simulator recurrent training by qualified and authorized simulator instructor or
pilot instructor (type rating instructor);
• Flight simulator recurrent checking by qualified and authorized pilot examiner;
• Aeroplane recurrent checking (line check) by qualified line training captain (LTC), or
pilot instructor (type rating instructor).
Integration of CRM elements into all phases of the recurrent training shall be done by all
the suitably qualified personnel conducting recurrent training.
2.1.11.2 Ground Recurrent Trainings
Ground recurrent (refresher) trainings shall comprise of:
a) Aircraft Systems, Limitations & Operations review
This ground and refresher training programme shall enable each flight crew member to
maintain adequate knowledge of the:
• Aeroplane systems and type related operational procedures and requirements (i.e.
OM Part B knowledge);
• General/basic operational procedures and requirements (i.e. OM Part A
knowledge);
• Accident/incident review;
• Specific operational procedures and requirements (as necessary).
It will also include briefings conducted in preparation for simulator training and checking
including pilot incapacitation and aircraft type performance.
Ground recurrent training shall be conducted at yearly intervals. A refresher training

course (normal/abnormal system operation) will be scheduled before or after a recurrent
simulator session. If CBT is to be used, the SSCA approval shall be obtained. Satisfactory
knowledge is verified by means of a questionnaire.
This training covers the main systems and type related procedures and general/basic
operational procedures and requirements in a 3 year cycle in accordance with the OM Part
D requirements.
b) Safety and Emergency Procedures Training
The theoretical safety and emergency procedures training and checking will be conducted
yearly in a classroom. The safety and emergency procedures training shall be conducted
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-34
at yearly intervals concurrently with cabin crew whenever applicable, with emphasis on
coordinated procedures and two-way communication between the flight deck and the
cabin. Each flight crew member shall receive required recurrent practical safety and
emergency procedures training in aircraft or representative training device (mock-up
device) within a period of 24 months – alternating between aeroplane and mock-up
training on 12 month basis.
The emergency and safety equipment training and checking must cover all requirements
for all variants of the type being operated.
At least every two years the training program shall include the following:
• Actual operation of all types of exits installed on JC Airlines aircraft;
• Demonstration of slide operation;
• Actual fire-fighting using equipment representative of that carried in the aircraft on
an actual or simulated fire except that, with halon extinguishers, an alternative
method acceptable to the Authority may be used;
• The effects of smoke in an enclosed area and actual use of all relevant equipment
in a simulated smoke filled environment;
• Actual handling of pyrotechnics, real or simulated, where fitted;
• Wet drill.
The period of validity of annual theoretical safety and emergency procedures training is 12
months. The period of validity of biannual practical safety and emergency procedures
training is 24 months.
Refer to OM Part D, Chapter 5 – Emergency and Safety Equipment Training.
c) Adverse/Cold Weather Recurrent Training
The course is performed by authorised instructor at yearly interval and each flight crew
member shall complete the recurrent training of the adverse/cold weather operations
concerning the below mentioned elements during the recurrent course:
• Cold weather operations;
• De-icing/anti-icing policies and procedures;
• Contaminated runway operations;
• Thunderstorm avoidance;
• Hot weather operations.
The period of validity of the adverse/cold weather operations recurrent training and
checking shall be 12 months.
Refer to OM Part D, Chapter 5 – Cold/Adverse Weather Operations Training.

d) Dangerous Goods Recurrent Training
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-35
The course is performed by authorised instructor at two years intervals. Each flight crew
member shall undergo recurrent training and checking concerning the transport of
dangerous goods and achieve detailed understanding of the dangerous goods regulations.
Dangerous goods recurrent training consists of:

• General philosophy;
• Limitations on dangerous goods in the air transport;
• Package marking and labelling;
• Loading, restrictions on loading and segregation;
• Dangerous goods in passengers’ baggage;
• Emergency procedures.
The period of validity of a dangerous goods recurrent training shall be 24 months.
Refer to OM Part D, Chapter 5 – Dangerous Goods Training.
e) Aviation Security Recurrent Training
Each flight crew member shall undergo recurrent training concerning aviation security and
achieve detailed understanding of security procedures and regulations. The course is
performed by authorised instructor once every two years. Flight crew members will receive
refresher training in aviation security, which shall include:
• The objectives and organization of aviation security;
• The threat to aviation security;
• Current threat assessment;
• Review of recent incidents and lessons to be learned;
• Overview of the JC Airlines security program and procedures;
• Crisis management in JC Airlines;
• Aircrew security responsibilities;
• Update of initial training course as appropriate;
• Questions and discussion.
The period of validity of a security recurrent training shall be 24 months.
Refer to Security Manual and OM Part D, Chapter 5 – Security Training.
f) Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training
Each flight crew member shall undergo Crew Resource Management (CRM) training as
part of the recurrent training every year. The purpose of the recurrent CRM training is to
provide an overview of the major CRM elements such as company safety culture, standard
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-36
operating procedures (SOP), decision making, error, stress management, leadership and
team behaviours. The CRM recurrent training is arranged in a manner as to assure that
flight crew members will be required to complete the major elements of the full length Crew
Resource Management course over a 3 year recurrent training cycle. This training will be
integrated into practical training such as recurrent simulator training where possible.
Whenever applicable a joined recurrent Crew Resource Management (CRM) training shall
be performed for flight crew, cabin crew and flight operations officers. Applicability for
combined training is determined by CRM instructors and confirmed by the Training
Manager in accordance with the CRM programme. Normally only CRM training specific to
the group shall be conducted for this specific group. In all other cases CRM training is
combined for all groups.
CRM Recurrent Course

Communication and coordination inside and outside of cockpit /
Year 1:
passenger cabin
Leadership and team behaviour synergy, cooperation and delegation
2013
Specific type related differences, flight crew and cabin crew composition
2016
Effective communication and coordination with other operational
2019
personnel and ground services
Automation, philosophy of the use of automation, CFIT
etc
Case based studies
Personality awareness, human error and reliability, error chain, error
Year 2: prevention and detection, attitude and behaviour, self-assessment,
assertiveness, cultural differences
2014 Stress, stress, management, fatigue and vigilance
2017 Identification and management of the passengers human factors: crowd
2020 control, passenger stress, conflict management, medical factors
etc Cultural differences
Case based studies
Information acquisition and processing, situational awareness, workload
Year 3:
management
Company safety culture, SOP, organizational factors, factors linked to
2015
type of operation
2018
Decision making, individual and team responsibilities
2021
Participation in cabin safety incident and accident reporting
etc
Case based studies
The flight crew member will not be assessed during specifically designed Crew Resource
Management training courses and exercises.
Whenever a flight crew member undergoes an operator proficiency check, line check or
command course, crew resource management skills will be included in the overall
assessment.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-37
The successful resolution of aircraft emergencies requires interaction between flight crew
and cabin crew and emphasis will be placed on the importance of effective coordination
and two-way communication between all crew members in various emergency situations.
There should be an effective liaison between flight crew and cabin crew training
department and provision should be made whenever practicable for flight crew and cabin
crew to have joint CRM recurrent training session with other operational personnel
included as well.
The recurrent crew resource management training programme will be reviewed annually to
take into account the de-identified results of the CRM assessment of crews, together with
flight-data monitoring trends and also information identified by the accident prevention and
flight safety programme.
The period of validity of a CRM recurrent training shall be 12 months.
Refer to OM Part D, Chapter 5 - CRM Recurrent Training.
g) All Weather Operations (Low Visibility Operations) Recurrent Training
Reserved.
h) English Language Proficiency Recurrent Training
English language proficiency periodic evaluation shall enable each flight crew member to
demonstrate the minimum level of English language proficiency. This is outsourced to third
party approved organisations.
ICAO language Proficiency Rating Scales:

• ICAO language Proficiency Rating level 4 - Operational. A retest interval is 3 years;
• ICAO language Proficiency Rating Scale level 5 - Extended. A retest interval is 6
years;
• ICAO language Proficiency Rating Scale level 6 – Expert. No need for retest.
The minimum level of English language proficiency according to ICAO language

Proficiency Rating Scale is level 4.
A State requirement for an individual to demonstrate English language proficiency satisfies

this provision according to:
• State approved or State accepted method of English language proficiency
evaluation; or
• ICAO Annex 1.2.9.6, 1.2.9.7 and ICAO Annex 1 Attachment 1.1 (ICAO language
proficiency scale).

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-38
i) Recurrent Trainings relevant to JC Airlines’ Specific Authorizations
RVSM, PBN, ACAS, CFIT (GPWS) and Windshear, Aircraft Differences/Familiarization,

Pilot Transit Check qualifications are not associated with a time frame or period. Following
initial training, participation in the recurrent training and checking program maintains
continuous validity.
2.1.11.3 Flight Simulator Recurrent Training
a) General
The flight simulator training programme shall be established such that all major failures of
aircraft systems and associated procedures will have been covered in the preceding three
years.
Simulator recurrent training is combined with the Operators Proficiency Check (OPC) and
the yearly type rating renewal. Simulator recurrent training and checking shall be
conducted every 6 months. Each recurrent training and checking cycle usually consists of
2 simulator sessions (4 hours each), with minimum being 1 simulator session (4 hours).
This should result in a total of 4 simulator sessions per crew member per year, including at
least one Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) scenario. For each simulator session a
briefing (duration normally 1 h) and a debriefing (duration normally 30 min) shall be
performed.
For each simulator session an instructor’s guide shall be prepared (including briefing
concepts and timings, training scenario explanation, assessment methods explanations).
The simulator training programme has been established such that all major failures of
aeroplane systems and associated procedures and emergency and abnormal procedures
will have been covered in the preceding three year period.
b) Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)
Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) refers to flight crew training which involves a full
mission simulation of situations, which are representative of line operations, with special
emphasis in CRM skills, on situations that involve communications, management and
leadership.
A LOFT session should not be interrupted except in extreme and unusual circumstances.
Repositioning the simulator and repeating problems is inconsistent with the principles of
LOFT.
Part of the benefit of LOFT is derived from an individual or crew being able to quickly
appreciate the results, either positive or negative, of operational decisions. After
completion of such session, a thorough debriefing should be made of all aspects. This may
be accomplished by an initial self-debriefing by the crew, followed by the LOFT co-

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-39
ordinator's (instructor's, examiner's) debriefing. This critique may include the use of video
recorders. In that case, videotapes must not leave debriefing room and recording shall be
erased after debriefing.
All LOFT scenarios and flight segments should be designed on the basis of a detailed
statement of specific objectives. These objectives must state what kind of situation is to be
addressed and why.
LOFT scenarios may be developed from many sources, but incident or accident reports
provide an appropriate starting point.
All scenarios must be kept current with respect to navigation, communications, regulations,
JC Airlines’ procedures and aircraft modifications.
c) Operator Proficiency Check
Each flight crew member shall undergo Operator Proficiency Check (OPC) – Base Check
as part of a normal flight crew complement to demonstrate competence in carrying out
normal, abnormal and emergency procedures. The check shall be conducted without
external visual reference (except for take-offs and landings) for the instrument flight
manoeuvres required.
Approved simulator (level D) shall be used for OPC.
The scope of the practice and check is divided into 3 main categories as follows:
• Emergency manoeuvres in instrument flight conditions;
• Take-offs and landings with various engine or system malfunctions;
• Emergency drills and procedures.
Bi-annual Operator Proficiency Checks (Base Checks) are normally valid for a period of 6
months. Additionally, if the same test has been passed on two occasions, separated by an
interval of not less than 4 months, rating is valid for 12 consecutive months from the first of
the two tests. In addition, there must be three OPC within any 13 consecutive months
period.
Each flight crew member shall complete the OPC as part of a normal crew complement.
Additional scheduling of flight crew members not undergoing the OPC should only occur to
compensate for differences in flight crew function distribution on an aeroplane type and
with prior permission of the Training Manager.
The general items and the mandatory manoeuvres and procedures shall be completed
each OPC by all flight crew members. Pilots shall complete each mandatory item as PF.
The operator proficiency check shall include the following manoeuvres:

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-40
• Rejected take-off;
• Take-off with engine failure between V1 and V2 or as soon as safety considerations
permit;
• Precision instrument approach to minima with one engine inoperative;
• Non-precision approach to minima;
• Missed approach on instruments from minima with one engine inoperative;
• Landing with one engine inoperative.
Operator Proficiency Checks (OPC) will be conducted by an authorized flight examiner.
Questionnaire
Except for an OPC as part of the conversion course each flight crew member shall
complete a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions during each OPC, as follows:
• The technical questionnaire shall be completed every 12 months during the first six
months of the year; and
• The operational questionnaire shall be completed every 12 months during the
second six months of the year.
Differences Recurrent Training and Checking

When operating more than one variant of an aeroplane of the same type the OPC shall be
completed by alternating between the two variants. Each OPC revalidates the OPC for the
other variant. The Training Manager may, as an exception, approve an OPC on the same
variant in the sequence.
d) Pilot Proficiency Check
Each flight crew member shall complete pilot proficiency check for licence/type rating
revalidation every 12 months and may be combined with an operator proficiency check.
Pilots shall complete the following items as PF during recurrent training or checking every
12 months:
• Circling approach;
• ILS approach to minima - manual / no flight director;
• Windshear avoidance and recovery;
• Emergency evacuation;
• Emergency descent.
Other items such as recommendations from safety team, incident related issues or
experienced technical related problems shall be included in simulator programme. Training
should also include mandatory elements for the type as defined by the manufacturer of the
aircraft.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-41
The proficiency check schedules are designed to ensure that the widest possible selection
of aircraft systems and possible faults are covered over a successive number of
proficiency checks, along with the legally required elements of the individual proficiency
checks. It is important therefore, that the programmes of proficiency check schedules are
adhered to. These schedules should be conducted in the form of a “scenario” to ensure
the required element of line oriented flying training is incorporated into each schedule.
Pilot Proficiency Checks (PPC) will be conducted by an authorized flight examiner.
Contents of the Pilot Proficiency Check (PPC)
1) Flight Preparation
• Use of checklist prior to engine start, starting procedures, radio and navigation
equipment check, preparation of FMGS;
2) Pre-flight Checks
• Use of correct procedures, scans and checklist;
3) Take-offs
• Take-off with engine failure between V1 and V2 or as close as possible after V1
when V1 and VR are identical;
• Rejected take-off before reaching V1;
4) Flight Manoeuvres and Procedures
• Systems: Normal and abnormal operation of systems. A minimum of 3 items shall
be selected;
• Actions and Manoeuvres: Abnormal and emergency procedures. A minimum of 3
items shall be selected;
5) Instrument Flight Procedures
• Adherence to departure and arrival route and Air Traffic Control instructions;
• ILS - approaches down to DA;
• ILS - manually, with one engine inoperative prior to the outer marker to touchdown
or through completion of the missed approach (to flaps fully retracted);
• Non-precision Approach to MDA;
• Approach to authorised circling minima in accordance with instrument approach
facilities followed by a circling approach to another runway at least 90 degrees off
the centre line from instrument final approach (this is a tri-annual requirement);
6) Missed Approach Procedures
• Go-around with one engine inoperative after an instrument approach from DA/MDA
(manually flown);
7) Landings
• Landing with critical engine inoperative;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-42
e) Tri-annual Requirements for PPC/OPC
A minimum of 3 items from each of the below lists shall be completed at each PPC/OPC.
Regulations require all the items to be completed over a three-year period.
Normal/Abnormal Operations:
• Engine;
• Air-conditioning, pressurisation, ventilation;
• Pitot/Static;
• Fuel;
• Electrical;
• Hydraulic;
• Flight controls;
• Anti-ice;
• Autopilot/Flight director;
• Stall Warning;
• Weather radar/radio altimeter/EGPWS;
• Navigation equipment/communications/instruments/FMS;
• Landing Gear/Brakes;
• Slats/Flaps;
• APU;
• Circling Approach.
Abnormal and Emergency Procedures:

• Fire Drill;
• Smoke;
• Engine fail/relight;
• Windshear;
• Pressurisation failure/Emergency descent;
• Incapacitation;
• Emergency evacuation;
• TCAS.
The subjects from above shall be covered during the mentioned time period:
a) Normal and Abnormal System Operation
Normal and abnormal system operation of all major systems will be covered in a 3 year
period, in accordance with the following table:

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-43
Normal & Abnormal System Operation examined in the year:

2019, 2022, Power Plant, Fuel System, Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), Pneumatic,
2025, etc. Navigation, Doors
2017, 2020, Hydraulic, Flight Controls, Landing Gear, Indicating & Recording
2023, etc. System, Emergency Equipment , Oxygen, Lights
Electrical, Fire Protection, Ice & Rain Protection, Air Cond / Press / Vent,
2018, 2021,
Auto Flight , Communication, Aircraft general / Equipment / Water /
2024, etc.
Waste
b) Abnormal and Emergency Procedures
Abnormal and emergency procedures for all major systems will be covered in a 3 year
period, in accordance with the following table:
Abnormal & Emergency Procedures examined in the year:

2019, 2022, Engine failure, shut down and restart, Windshear, EGPWS, TCAS,
2025, etc. Other emergency procedures as per OM Part B
Incapacitation of a flight crew member, Upset – Unusual Attitude
2017, 2020,
Recovery, Windshear, EGPWS, TCAS, RNAV, Other emergency
2023, etc.
procedures as per OM Part B
Fire drills, Smoke control and removal, Cabin pressure failure,
2018, 2021,
Windshear, EGPWS, TCAS, Other emergency procedures as per OM
2024, etc.
Part B
c) General and Basic Procedures and Requirements
All General/Basic flight operational procedures and requirements contained in OM Part A

will be covered in a 3-year period, in accordance with the following table:
General & Basic Procedures and Requirements examined in the year:

2019, 2022,
OM Part A: Chapters from 1 to 5
2025, etc.
2017, 2020,
OM Part A: Chapters 6, 7, and from 9 to 12
2023, etc.
2018, 2021,
OM Part A: Chapter 8
2024, etc.
The practice of incapacitation will be carried out in the simulator. The instructor will pre-
brief or pass a written instruction to the operating pilot who will simulate incapacitation in
one of its forms. This simulation should be at varied stages of flight. The remaining
crewmember should thereafter carry out the relevant drills and conduct the flight to the
satisfaction of the instructor. Incapacitation practice must be conducted once in every 3
years.
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-44
2.1.11.4 Aeroplane Training and Checking – Line Check
The line check is considered a particularly important factor in the development,

maintenance and refinement of high operating standards and provides Flight Operations
Manager valuable indication of the usefulness of the training policy and method. Line
checks are a test of a flight crew member's ability to perform a complete line operation
satisfactory, including pre-flight and post-flight procedures and use of the equipment
provided, and an opportunity for an overall assessment of his ability to perform the duties
required as specified in the Operations Manual. The route chosen should be such as to
give adequate representation of the scope of the pilot’s normal operations. The line check
is not intended to determine competence on any particular route.
Line checks shall be conducted at yearly intervals and must be conducted in an aircraft.
Each flight crew member shall undergo a line check on the aircraft to demonstrate his
competence in carrying out normal line operations.
In addition to the above duties, flight crew members should be assessed on their crew
resource management skills. The Commander, or any pilot, who may be required to
relieve the Commander, should also demonstrate his ability to manage the operation and
take appropriate command decisions. Line check is valid for 12 months.
A Commander (Pilot-In-Command) should also be assessed on his ability to "manage" the

operation generally and take correct command decisions. This is most readily achieved if
the examiner occupies a jump seat, which will also enable him to sign certificates for both
the Commander (PIC) and First Officer (co-pilot). When line checks are carried out on
sectors which terminate away from base, the operator should allow for the possibility that
on subsequent sectors the examiner may have to act as substitute for either captain or co-
pilot. The examiner should therefore be fully qualified to operate at any crew station over
which he acts in an examining capacity.
Line checks shall consist of a minimum of one sector as pilot flying (PF) and one sector as
pilot monitoring (PM). The flight crew will be assessed on their crew resource management
skills; however, CRM assessment alone shall not be used as a reason for failure of a line
check. When operating more than one variant of an aeroplane of the same type the line
check should be completed by alternating between the variants. Each line check
revalidates the line check for the other variant(s). The Training Manager may, as an
exception, approve a line check on the same variant in the sequence.
2.1.11.5 Medical Check
For re-issue of Class 1 medical certificates flight crew members shall undergo medical
checks every 12 months. Flight crew members who have attained the age of 60 years
shall undergo medical checks every 6 months.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-45
2.1.11.6 Recurrent Training and Checking – Overview/Summary
Ground Refresher and Training Period

Type related and general/basic operational
12 months One day training
procedures and requirements
CRM Training 12 months
} One day training
Accident/Incident review 12 months
1
Safety and Emergency Procedures Training 12 months Half day training
2
Safety and Emergency Procedures Training 24 months Half day training
Dangerous Goods Training 24 months Half day training
Security Training 12 months Half day training
Adverse/Cold Weather Operations Training 12 months Half day training
Flight Simulator Training and Checking Period
Operator Proficiency Check 6 months
}
Pilot Proficiency Check / Type Rating 1 day theory
12 months 1 day recur. training
Renewal
1 day OPC/PPC
Recurrent Training 6 months
Aeroplane Checking Period
Line Check (as PF and PM) 12 months 2 legs
Medical Checking (Class 1) Period
Below the age of 60 12 months
60 years and above 6 months
Note 1: Valid for classroom (theoretical) training.

Note 2: Valid for mock-up / aircraft (practical) training.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-46
2.1.11.7 Right Hand Seat Qualified Commanders Recurrent Training
The right hand seat qualified Commander’s authorization is valid for not more than 6
months.
Right hand seat qualified Commanders shall complete the items, according to OM Part D
requirements, acting as PF from the right hand seat, on every OPC.
2.1.11.8 Cruise Relief Captain Recurrent Training
Reserved.
2.1.11.9 Line Training Captain (LTC) Recurrent Training
Line training captains shall complete the items, according to OM Part D requirements,
acting as PF from the right hand seat, on every OPC.
2.1.11.10 Pilot Instructor/Examiner Recurrent Training
The nomination for type rating instructor is valid for one year. DCP authorization is valid for
12 months; under extenuating circumstances an extension may be granted up to 30 days.
DCP must conduct at least 4 check rides every 12 months. DCP shall pass an annual pilot
proficiency check renewal conducted by an SSCA inspector. DCP shall successfully
complete an annual monitor conducted by an SSCA inspector.
DCP with pilot proficiency check authority shall attend a DCP refresher course organized
by the SSCA every 5 years from the date of appointment or completion of DCP course,
whichever is later.
2.1.12 Recency
It is a legal requirement that flight crew member shall not act in any capacity as pilot
(except on synthetic training devices) unless he has carried out at least 3 take-offs and 3
landings as pilot flying in an aeroplane or in an approved simulator of the type to be
operated during the previous 90 days.
Additionally the Commander (Pilot-In-Command) must have carried out at least 1 take-off
and 1 landing as pilot flying in aeroplane or in an approved simulator of the type to be
operated during the previous 35 days.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-47
2.2 CABIN CREW

2.2.1 Initial Cabin Crew Training
2.2.1.1 Age/Medical/Entry Minimum Requirements
A cabin crew member should be at least 18 years of age and have passed an initial
medical examination or assessment and been found medically fit to discharge the duties
specified in the Operations Manual. JC Airlines shall ensure that cabin crew members
remain medically fit to discharge such duties.
The initial medical examination or assessment, and any re-assessment, of cabin crew
members, should be conducted by, or under the supervision of, a medical practitioner
acceptable to the SSCA. JC Airlines maintains a medical record for each cabin crew
member.
The following medical requirements are applicable to cabin crew members:

• Good general health;
• Freedom from any physical or mental illness which might lead to incapacitation or
inability to perform cabin crew duties;
• Normal cardio respiratory function;
• Normal centre nervous system;
• Adequate visual acuity - 6/9 with or without glasses and free from severe colour
blindness which may interferes with the recognition of colour coded cabin signs;
• Adequate hearing;
• Normal weight (i.e. ability to move comfortably down the aisle, single file, facing
forward and to be able to exit from the smallest secondary cabin emergency exit);
• Normal function of ear, nose and throat;
• Normal height (i.e. able to stand in the aircraft, reach safety equipment and open
and close overhead bins).
A candidate for cabin crew member shall:

• Have completed at least secondary school education level;
• Possess active knowledge of English language, and as applicable, Cambodian
language, or any other language as appropriate for the area of operation;
• Successfully completed applicable training and checking before operating as cabin
crew member;
• Possess a valid cabin crew certificate;
• Be competent to perform duties in accordance with procedures specified in the
Operations Manual.
Selection board, consisting of Chief Cabin Crew, Flight Operations Manager and/or
Training Manager, is responsible for initial selection of candidates for initial course. Final
decision for training is done by the Training Manager according to results obtained during
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-48
initial selection and operational needs. Proposal for employment is done by Flight
Operations Manager based on recommendation prepared by Chief Cabin Crew.
Employments are approved by HR Manager and finally CEO.
2.2.1.2 General Training Subjects
Cabin crew are to be trained in the following subjects which are of a general nature and
not necessarily related to a specific aircraft type:
• Crew Coordination;
• Aeromedical and First Aid Topics;
• Fire and Smoke Training;
• Water Survival Training;
• Survival Training;
• Human Factors;
• Aerodrome Emergency Services
• Aviation Security;
• Dangerous Goods Training;
• Cabin Crew Service Duties;
• Discipline and Responsibilities;
• Abusive Passengers;
• Seat Allocation;
• Prohibited and Dangerous Items;
• Flight Time Limitations;
• Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training;
• Aircraft Safety on the Ramp;
• Passenger Briefings;
• Cabin Baggage and Cabin Clutter;
• Brace Positions;
• Evacuation Procedures and Emergency Situations;
• Crowd Control;
• Pilot Incapacitation.
Crew Coordination: Emphasis is to be placed on the importance of effective coordination

and two-way communication between flight crew and cabin crew in various emergency
situations. Cabin crew should be trained to be alert, and to identify unusual situations that
might occur inside the passenger compartments, as well as any activity outside the aircraft
that could affect the safety of the aircraft or its occupants. The need for effective
communications or accurate information between flight crew and cabin crew must be
stressed.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-49
Aeromedical and First Aid Topics: Instruction are given on aeromedical topics such as:
• First aid subjects appropriate to the aircraft type, i.e. its size and the number of flight
crew carried;
• Guidance on the avoidance of food poisoning, with emphasis on the choice of a pre-
flight meal and the importance of the Captain (Pilot-In-Command) and first officer
(co-pilot) eating different food at different times during the flight, especially on long
sectors;
• The possible dangers associated with the contamination of the skin or eyes by
aviation fuel and other fluids and their immediate treatment;
• The recognition and treatment of hypoxia and hyperventilation;
• First aid associated with survival training appropriate to the route operated (e.g.
polar, desert and jungle).
Fire and Smoke Training: Practical fire and smoke training must be conducted under the
supervision of an instructor who has the knowledge, ability and experience to conduct
such training. Both theoretical and practical training should be given. The training is to:
• An appreciation of the chemistry of fire as a preliminary to consideration of the
choice of extinguishing agents for particular fire situations, the techniques of
applying extinguishing agents, and if practical, the consequences of misapplication
and their use in a confined space;
• A demonstration or film on fire extinguishers being used on various types of fires.
Fires should be related to typical aircraft interior equipment and include galley fires,
fires in toilets, upholstery, passenger service units and electrical installations.
It is particularly important that cabin crew should be given theoretical and practical training
in dealing with emergency situations involving fire and smoke in the cabin. The training is
to include:
• The responsibility of cabin crew to deal promptly with emergencies involving fire and
smoke. Emphasis should be placed on the importance of identifying the actual
source of the fire;
• The importance of informing the flight crew immediately that fire or smoke is
discovered and of keeping them informed as the situation develops. The importance
of crew coordination and communication is to be emphasised, together with an
established procedure for communication with the flight deck;
• The importance of ensuring that passengers are aware of no smoking areas and
obey no smoking signs. Emphasis is to be placed on the frequent and systematic
checking of toilets (including smoke detectors, if applicable) and other areas which
are not part of the seating accommodation.
Water Survival Training: Where flotation equipment is carried, a comprehensive wet drill to
cover all ditching procedures must be practised by all crews. This wet drill is to include, as
appropriate, practice of the actual donning and inflation of a life-jacket, together with a
demonstration or film of the inflation of life-rafts and/or slide-rafts. All crews must board a
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-50
life raft or a similar flotation equipment from the water whilst wearing their uniform or
similar attire with a life-jacket identical to that being carried on the aircraft. Training must
include the use of all survival equipment carried on board the life raft or flotation equipment
and any additional survival equipment carried separately on board the aircraft.
Survival Training: Survival training is provided, including the use of any survival equipment
carried, appropriate to the area of operation.
Human Factors: Training addresses the physiological effects on the human body of flying,
the problems associated with pressure change and hypoxia and the need for restrictions
on underwater diving. This training includes information on flight time limitations, the
effects of operating for extended periods of time and the effects of time zone changes.
Operational limitations should include illness, use of alcohol and drugs, blood donations
etc. Advice is given on general health care, especially whilst operating overseas, and the
need for preventive medicine such as immunisation, when operating to potentially infected
areas.
Aerodrome Emergency Services: The operational procedures of ground-based emergency

services at aerodromes are to be discussed.
Aviation Security: Training is given in aspects of aviation security.
Dangerous Goods Training: All cabin crew members shall pass a written test on
Dangerous Goods prior to operating as a cabin crew member. For validity reasons, this
test has to be re-taken before the end of the second year of its currency.
For cabin crew this test shall be retaken annually.
Cabin Crew Service Duties: Cabin crew will receive training in their normal flying duties
including the location and use of all cabin and galley equipment and to take the necessary
safety precautions to prevent injuries when using such equipment.
Discipline and Responsibilities: The cabin crew shall receive training on:
• The importance of performing their duties in accordance with the Operations
Manual;
• Continuing competence and fitness to operate as a cabin crew member with special
regard to fatigue;
• An awareness of the aviation regulations relating to cabin crew and the role of the
SSCA;
• General knowledge of relevant aviation terminology, phases of flight and parts of
the aircraft;
• Pre-flight briefing of cabin crew and the provision of necessary safety information
with regard to their specific duties;
• The importance of ensuring that relevant documents and manuals are kept up to
date with amendments provided by the operator;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-51
• The importance of identifying when cabin crew members have the authority and
responsibility to initiate an evacuation and other emergency procedures;
• The importance of safety duties and responsibilities, and the need to respond
promptly and effectively to emergency situations.
First Aid: Instruction will be given on first aid and the use of first aid kits, together with the
application of any drugs. The following subjects are covered:
• Haemorrhage;
• Wounds;
• Fractures, including dislocation and sprains;
• Burns;
• Care of the unconscious;
• Shock;
• Heart attacks;
• Stroke, epilepsy, diabetes;
• Rescue breathing and cardiopulmonary resuscitation for infants and adults;
• Use of therapeutic oxygen and oxygen sets;
• Poisoning;
• Emergency childbirth;
• Choking;
• Stress reactions and allergic reactions;
• Air sickness;
• Asthma.
Note: Crew shall demonstrate their proficiency in rescue breathing and cardiopulmonary
resuscitation using a dummy specifically designed for the purpose.
Abusive Passengers: Cabin crew will be given advice on the management of passengers
who become abusive; this often arises from excessive consumption of alcohol or the
effects of medication/drugs, or a combination of both.
Seat Allocation: Cabin crew will be given training on the importance of correct seat
allocation with particular emphasis on the seating of disabled passengers and the
necessity of seating able-bodied passengers adjacent to unsupervised exits.
Prohibited and Dangerous Items: Cabin crew will be given training in aspects of the
carriage of prohibited and dangerous goods and the handling of in-flight dangerous goods
incident.
Flight Time Limitations: Cabin crew shall be made familiar with the company flight time
limitations scheme and the statutory requirements regarding crew fatigue.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-52
Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training: CRM training is provided for all cabin crew
members. The training focuses on the functioning of crew members as a team and not
simply as a collection of competent individuals. The importance of effective teamwork and
communication, the barriers involved and how to overcome them, are shown. Emphasis is
given on the role of cabin crew as safety practitioners and the need to maintain a high
level of awareness in the environment they operate in. The following training elements
should be included: human factors in aviation, general instructions on CRM principles,
human performance and limitations, personality awareness, human error and reliability,
attitudes and behaviours, self-assessment, stress and stress management, fatigue and
vigilance, assertiveness, situation awareness, information acquisition and processing, JC
Airlines safety culture, SMS training, organisational factors, factors linked to the type of
operations, effective communication and coordination with other operational personnel and
ground services, participation in cabin safety incident and accident reporting and case
based studies.
Aircraft Safety on the Ramp: Training is given in the following areas:

• Selection and implementation of appropriate rapid disembarkation or evacuation
measures;
• The need for an external means of disembarkation to be available from the time an
aircraft comes on a stand until it departs, excluding periods when there are no
persons on board;
• The need to ascertain the availability of an air bridge or steps before deciding what
would be the best method to use;
• Specific procedures for alerting of emergency services when an incident occurs
during routine embarkation/ disembarkation of passengers and when passengers
are on board and the aircraft is parked;
• Emergency procedures for the rapid disembarkation of occupants of an out of
service aircraft should the need arise.
Passenger Briefings: Training and practice is to be given in the pre-flight briefing of

passengers in normal and emergency situations, including landings, ditching,
demonstrating the brace position and the briefing of able-bodied passengers on how to
operate the emergency exits. Briefings are to be given in English, and in any other
language where passenger demography so require. Training will also be given for the
conduct of pre-flight safety briefings to handicapped passengers.
Cabin Baggage and Cabin Clutter: Cabin crew are to be instructed that cabin baggage,
service items and other objects are only to be stowed in approved areas such that they are
restraint against forward, lateral and vertical movement. They must not be stowed in such
a way as to obstruct or damage emergency equipment or exits. Training is to include the
areas of the cabin that are approved for the stowage of cabin baggage or other items and
the areas where it would be unsafe to do so.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-53
Brace Positions: Training and practice is to be given in the correct brace positions for both
crew and passengers. Such training shall take into account different seating configurations
and orientation.
Evacuation Procedures and Emergency Situations: Emergency evacuation is to include

the recognition of particular types of emergency situations. Cabin crew will also need to
recognise when exits are unusable or when evacuation equipment is unserviceable and to
act accordingly to overcome these problems. Circumstances might arise, such as the
incapacitation of the flight crew, where these drills need to be initiated by cabin crew.
Cabin crew are also to be trained to deal with the following specific emergency situations:
• Unpremeditated emergency on take-off or landing and ditching;
• In-flight fire, with particular emphasis on establishing the fire source;
• Sudden decompression, including the donning of portable oxygen equipment;
• Severe turbulence.
Crowd Control: Comprehensive training in the practical application of all aspects of crowd
control technique in various emergency evacuation situations shall be provided Training is
also to emphasise the need for cabin crew to be assertive and, at times, aggressive during
an emergency evacuation. Scenarios shall be as realistic as possible and should include,
as a minimum:
• Communications between flight crew and cabin crew and use of all communications
equipment, including the difficulties of coordination in a smoke-filled environment;
• Verbal commands;
• Physical contact that may be needed to direct passengers out of an exit and on to a
slide;
• Re-direction of passengers away from unusable exits;
• Marshalling of passengers away from the aircraft;
• Evacuation of disabled passengers;
• Authority and leadership.
The executive order to initiate an emergency evacuation is to be given by the Commander

(Pilot-In-Command) in English (e.g. "Evacuate, Evacuate"). Cambodian cabin crew should
be able to repeat the evacuation order and commands in Khmer language. Cabin crew of
a particular nationality, if carried on board where passenger demography so requires,
should be able to repeat the evacuation order and commands in their native language if
the need arises (e.g. Chinese, etc.).
Pilot Incapacitation: Where the flight crew consists of only two pilots, cabin crew are to be
given training in recognising the signs of subtle incapacitation and practise the ways in
which they can be of help in the event of pilot incapacitation. The cabin crew should also
be taught on the principle of pilot incapacitation drills which will include the following:
• The need to use the pilot's oxygen equipment;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-54
• Fastening and unfastening pilot's seat harness and, in the case of inertia and
harness, locking and unlocking the inertia device;
• Using pilot's sliding seat mechanism; and "locking" the pilot in his seat rather than
on removing him from the seat, which may not in the event be possible.
Initial cabin crew member training programme shall also cover additional following items:
• General presentation of the Company, cabin crew member duties and
responsibilities and initial training programme;
• Aviation indoctrination and areas of operation;
• Applicable Authority and Company requirements: (general, OM Part A, organisation
of the flight operations, crew scheduling, manuals and documents);
• Service and catering (general, customs regulations), service routine;
• Cabin crew appearance and uniform - grooming;
• Communication with passengers – general, special attention flights;
• Aviation terminology in English language;
• Aviation terminology in other languages (as applicable);
• Passenger announcements in normal and emergency situations – in English and
other languages, as applicable;
• Pre-flight briefing;
• Cabin crew member duties and responsibilities (communications and crew co-
ordination, operational restrictions);
• Service routine – real presentation and practical training of service;
• Relevant aeroplane systems.
2.2.1.3 Aircraft Type Training Subjects
Comprehensive training shall be given on the operating procedures and the location and
use of all emergency and survival equipment to be carried on the aircraft, and that all
emergency training is related to the aircraft type, series and configuration to be operated.
Aircraft type training must be given to all newly employed crew and to those who are
converting to a new aircraft type.
Note: The actual use of safety equipment and training of operating procedures need not
repeated for crew who are still currently flying with JC Airlines and have covered the
same type of safety equipment and procedures in previous training provided by JC
Airlines.
Emergency and Survival Equipment: Training shall be given in the location and use of all
emergency and survival equipment together with the relevant drills and procedures. The
following shall be included:
• Emergency exits including its normal operation;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-55
• Escape slides and, where non self-supporting slides are carried, the use of any
associated ropes;
• Life-rafts and slide-rafts, including the equipment attached to and/or carried in the
raft;
• Life-jackets, infant life-jackets and flotation cots;
• Drop-out oxygen and its manual deployment;
• Emergency and therapeutic oxygen;
• Protective breathing equipment and protective clothing;
• Fire extinguishers;
• Fire axes;
• Portable lights including torches;
• Emergency lighting systems, including floor proximity lighting systems;
• Communications equipment, including megaphones;
• Survival packs, including their contents;
• Pyrotechnics;
• First aid kits and their contents;
• Toilet compartment smoke detector systems;
• Evacuation alarm systems;
• Non-mandatory or special equipment fitted or carried.
Note: A visit to an actual aircraft to familiarise the crew on the aircraft features and the
location and complement of all safety equipment is mandatory prior to
commencement of line flying.
Fire Training: Training shall be given in extinguishing a fire, representative of an interior

aircraft fire using the relevant type of fire extinguisher carried on the aircraft. Emphasis is
to be placed on the characteristics of different types of extinguishers, including their
effective range and duration and the effectiveness of their use on differing types of fires.
Protective Breathing Equipment and Protective Clothing: Crews shall be trained in the use
of protective breathing equipment and if applicable protective clothing. Donning and
wearing of such equipment and clothing should be practised in an enclosed, simulated
smoke-filled environment.
Practical Training: The following is the minimum level of training necessary to satisfy the
relevant requirements for cabin crew aircraft type training:
• During ditching and evacuation drills, each trainee operates and actually opens all
normal and emergency exits; attaches escape slide fittings in their proper places;
descends an escape slide from a height representative of the aircraft main deck sill
height (not required for subsequent type training unless sill height is significantly
higher); locates and operates the megaphone; and removes life-rafts from stowages
and positions in the launching area. Additionally, the trainee must demonstrate the

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-56
ability to locate and remove from stowage the aircraft first aid kits and fire
extinguishers;
• Each trainee observes a demonstration of an escape rope being used as a means
of emergency evacuation; the inflation or release, as applicable, of an escape slide;
inflation of a life-raft; the survival equipment contained in the life-raft; the contents of
the first aid kits; administering supplemental crew and passenger oxygen by
portable equipment;
• Each trainee observes a demonstrations of the use of each type of fire
extinguishers carried on the aircraft on various types of fire including simulated
electrical, cabin furnishing and galley fires. The demonstration should also show the
effect of misapplication of agents;
• Each trainee handles and uses each type of fire extinguisher carried on the aircraft;
• Each trainee practices the donning of oxygen masks carried in the aircraft;
• Each trainee is familiarised with the use of the aircraft public address (PA) and
interphone system.
Pilot Incapacitation: When the aircraft type consists of a minimum crew of only two pilots,
cabin crew must be given training on the following, specific to the aircraft type:
• Use of pilot's oxygen equipment;
• Fastening and unfastening pilot's seat harness and in the case of inertia reel
harness, locking and unlocking the inertia device;
• Using the pilot's sliding seat mechanism. Training is to be given with the seat
occupant simulated physically collapsed. Emphasis to be placed on 'locking' the
pilot in his seat rather than removing on him from the seat, which may not in the
event be possible.
Passenger Briefing on Self Help Exits: Training and practice are to be given to cabin crew
on briefing the passengers on the operations of self-help exists, applicable to the aircraft
type.
Cabin Baggage and Cabin Clutter: Training is to include the areas of the cabin that are
approved for the stowage of cabin baggage or other items and the areas where it would be
unsafe to do so.
Brace Positions: Training and practice are to be given in the correct brace position for both
cabin crew and passenger taking into account different seating configurations and
orientation applicable to the aircraft type.
Note: The requirements of type rating training need not be repeated for crew who are still
currently flying with JC Airlines and have covered or practiced similar procedures in
previous training provided by JC Airlines.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-57
2.2.1.4 Ground Training Assessment
Cabin crew member candidate shall be assessed as follows:

a) Written assessment:
• Safety and emergency procedures and equipment (50 questions);
• Aircraft type related general, equipment and emergency procedures (50
questions);
• Dangerous Goods (20 questions);
• Security (20 questions);
• First Aid (30 questions).
b) Oral assessment:
• Cabin crew duties and responsibilities;
• Aviation terminology in English and other languages (as applicable);
• Emergency equipment and emergency procedures, as applicable per aeroplane
type.
c) Practical assessment:
• Emergency equipment and drill, opening of aeroplane exits, fire/wet drill, etc.;
• First aid.
Maximum number of failed written assessments is 2.

Re-examinations should be performed within the period of 10 days.
Maximum number of failed oral assessments is 2.

Re-examinations should be performed within the period of 10 days.
In case of failed practical assessment, re-examinations should be performed within the

period of 15 days.
2.2.1.5 Supernumerary Flying and Line Check
Supernumerary Sectors: On successful completion of all initial cabin crew ground training,
including emergency and survival training and prior to operating as a fully qualified cabin
crew member in JC Airlines, cabin crew are to operate a minimum of 10 supernumerary
sectors on each aircraft type. This includes minimum 8 sectors as coaching program and 2
sectors as line check. The supernumerary cabin crew is required to be additional to the
normal crew complement.
Unless otherwise agreed by the SSCA, cabin crew will normally be expected to fly in a
supernumerary role on a passenger flight within a period of two weeks on successful
completion of their aircraft type training. This is prior to operating as a fully qualified crew.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-58
The supernumerary cabin crew should not be counted as part of the minimum crew
complement
Complete uniform including crew ID badge is required for cabin crew member
supernumerary flights.
Supernumerary flights (coaching program) shall be conducted under supervision and

direction of cabin crew instructor or Cabin Crew-In-Charge.
Supernumerary flights (line check) shall be conducted under supervision of appointed

cabin crew instructor.
After successful completion of line check, the cabin crew member shall receive Company’s
cabin crew certificate with endorsed aircraft type rating.
Failed line check requires re-training and re-examination within 15 days (minimum 4
additional sectors of supernumerary flying – minimum 2 sectors under coaching program
and minimum 2 sectors for line check). Maximum number of failed line checks is 2.
2.2.2 Cabin Crew in Charge (CIC) Training
A candidate for Cabin Crew in Charge (CIC) position in JC Airlines shall:

• Have at least 12 months experience as an operating cabin crew;
• Satisfactorily completed recurrent training and checking in the last 12 months.
Chief Cabin Crew is responsible for initial selection of candidates for CIC. Final decision
for training and employment is done by the Flight Operations Manager (subject to approval
by HR Manager and CEO) according to:
• Results obtained during training; and
• Operational needs.
Candidate for a cabin crew in charge shall complete an appropriate course covering the
following as a minimum:
All newly appointed Cabin Crew-In-Charge (CIC) should be given training on the following
topics:
a) Items to be covered at pre-flight briefing:
• Allocation of cabin crew stations and responsibilities;
• Aircraft type and equipment fit;
• Area, route and type of operation;
• Any special category passengers such as infants, disabled or stretcher cases,
etc.;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-59
b) Cooperation with the crew:

• Discipline, responsibilities and chain of command;
• Importance of coordination and communications;
• Action in the event of pilot incapacitation.; Review of legal and JC Airlines’
requirements pertaining to cabin safety:
• Passenger safety briefing, safety cards;
• Securing of galleys;
• Stowage of cabin baggage;
• Restrictions on use of portable electronic device (PED);
• Procedures during turbulence;
• Procedures when refuelling with passengers on board;
• Documentation;
c) Human Factors and Crew Resource Management (CRM);
d) Accident and incident reporting;
e) Flight and duty times limitations and rest requirements;
f) Safety on the ramp;
g) Aircraft diversion involving emergency first aid cases;
h) Minimum equipment list;
i) Use of automated external defibrillators. (if carried);
j) Aviation security matters.
Supernumerary Sectors: On completion of all required ground training, including

emergency and survival training and prior to operating as a Cabin Crew-In-Charge (CIC) in
JC Airlines, the candidate for CIC needs to operate a minimum of 10 supernumerary
sectors (8 sectors as coaching program and 2 sectors as line check). The supernumerary
cabin crew is required to be additional to the normal crew complement.
Maximum number of failed written assessments is 2. Re-examinations should be

performed within the period of 10 days.
Failed line check requires re-training and re-examination within 15 days (minimum 4
additional sectors of supernumerary flying – minimum 2 sectors under coaching program
and minimum 2 sectors for line check). Maximum number of failed line checks is 2.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-60
2.2.3 Cabin Crew Instructor Training
A candidate for Cabin Crew Instructor (Cabin Safety Instructor) in JC Airlines shall:
• Have at least 24 months experience as an operating cabin crew;
• Satisfactorily completed recurrent training and checking in the last 24 months;
• Have at least 12 months experience as a Cabin Crew-In-Charge.
Chief Cabin Crew and Chief Cabin Crew Instructor are responsible for initial selection of
candidates for Cabin Crew Instructors. Final decision for training and appointment is done
by the Training Manager (subject to approval by Accountable Manager) according to the:
• Previous records and results obtained during training; and
• Operational needs.
All applications for appointment should be submitted by JC Airlines to the SSCA for
approval. The application should include the qualifications, experience requirements, and
the proposed training program as specified in the OM Part D.
A suitably qualified person should be appointed to manage cabin safety training and
testing. Such appointment should be subject to acceptance by the SSCA.
Candidate for Cabin Crew Instructor shall complete training programme in accordance with
the following:
a) Teaching methodology (classroom teaching; practical training on ground; checking
in flight);
b) Theoretical lecture under supervision (emergency procedures and equipment);
c) Practical training and touch drill lecture under supervision (emergency procedures;
pilot incapacitation; crowd control techniques; fire-fighting procedures; emergency
equipment; oxygen system and therapeutic O2; opening exits).
Cabin Crew Instructor training programme shall also cover additional following items:
• Aviation indoctrination & Aircraft familiarisation;
• Air law legal and Company requirements;
• Emergency procedures and equipment;
• Safety equipment and procedures;
• Crew Resource Management (CRM);
• Phases of flight;
• Survival guidelines;
• Passenger announcements (introduction, operating and emergency
announcements).
As applicable, this shall be conducted as theoretical and practical training.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-61
The training personnel conducting the cabin crew instructor training must have current
knowledge, ability and recent experience as an instructor and examiner. The appointment
of these training personnel shall be subjected to the approval of the SSCA.
Failed assessment requires re-examination, which must be performed within the period of
30 to 60 days. Instructing skills check and practical check on flight must be evaluated
satisfactory – “pass”.
Newly appointed Cabin Crew Instructors with less than 2 years of instructional experience
are required to:
• Be checked by a SSCA authorized officer or a Company's examiner authorized by
SSCA, every 12 months on their competency as cabin crew instructors and/or
examiners;
• Carry out a minimum of 2 observation flight sectors on the Company's flights within
the last 12 months.
The conduct of cabin crew training and of tests carried out by the JC Airlines’ cabin crew
instructors may be observed by the SSCA inspectors.
JC Airlines is required to maintain the following records of its cabin crew instructors and
examiners:
• Training records;
• Training classes conducted;
• Examinations conducted;
• Observation flights;
• Checks as carried out by SSCA authorized officers or the examiner authorized by
the SSCA.
2.2.4 Recurrent Training and Checking

2.2.4.1 General
Each cabin crew member shall undergo recurrent training relevant to the aircraft type on
which the cabin crew member is designated to operate.
The period of validity of recurrent training and the associated checking shall be 12 or 24
calendar months, depending on the training subject.
The period of validity of recurrent training is extended after satisfactory passed recurrent
training and assessments.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-62
2.2.4.2 Recurrent Training (12-Month Cycle)
Every 12 calendar months the programme of theoretical and/or practical training and
checking includes the following:
a) Safety and emergency procedures training (classroom training and written
assessment – 20 aircraft type related questions and 30 general emergency
procedures/equipment related questions). As part of this training or as separated
course, a safety review (2 hours) should also be included every 12 months covering
at least JC Airlines’ (or other airline industry) past incident and accident reviews (in
addition, awareness of the effects of surface contamination and the need to inform
the flight crew of any observed surface contamination should be explained;
b) First aid training (classroom training including practical rescue breathing and
cardiopulmonary resuscitation using a dummy specifically designed for the purpose,
use of first-aid and universal precaution kits, practical and written assessment – 15
questions);
c) Dangerous goods training (classroom training and written assessment - 20
questions);
d) Crew resource management: for detail see CRM training programmes – annual
recurrent CRM training;
e) Line check.
In case of failed written assessment re-examination should be performed within a period of

10 days.
In case of failed line check, re-examination should be performed within a period of 15

days.
2.2.4.3 Recurrent Training (24-Month Cycle)
Every 24 calendar months the programme of theoretical and/or practical training and
checking includes the following:
a) Security training (classroom training and written assessment – 20 questions);
b) Aircraft training or mock-up training (fire drill/wet drill/evacuation practical training) –
representing practise training.
In case of failed written assessment re-examination should be performed within a period of

10 days.
Each cabin crew member shall receive required recurrent training in aeroplane or
representative training device (mock-up device) within a period of 24 months – alternating
between aeroplane and mock-up training on 12 month basis.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-63
Aircraft training shall include at least the following training items:

a) The operation and actual opening of normal exits for passenger
embarkation/disembarkation and evacuation;
b) Demonstration of opening of other exits - flight deck windows;
c) Flight crew member incapacitation procedure, the flight crew seat operation and
harness mechanisms, flight crew oxygen system;
d) Practical demonstration of the use of crew checklists;
e) The location and handling of emergency equipment, including oxygen systems, and
the donning by each cabin crew member of lifejackets, portable oxygen and
protective breathing equipment (PBE);
f) Stowage of articles in the cabin.
Mock-up training shall include at least the following training items:

a) The operation and actual opening of normal and emergency exits for passenger
evacuation;
b) Realistic and practical training in the use of all fire-fighting equipment and protective
clothing representative of that carried in the aeroplane, including at least:
• Extinguishing a fire characteristic of an aeroplane interior fire (instead of
Halon, an alternative extinguishing agent may be used);
• The donning and use of protective breathing equipment (PBE) in an
enclosed, simulated smoke-filled environment;
c) Evacuation procedures using an emergency evacuation slide representative to the
highest of the aircraft main deck sill height operated by the cabin crew including
crowd control techniques ;
d) Wet drill trainings, including boarding a slide raft/life raft with a life jacket.
2.2.4.4 CIC Recurrent Training
In addition to the normal recurrent training, CIC should also be given annual training in the
management of the following scenarios:
• Planned crash/ditching;
• Unruly passengers;
• Crew incapacitation;
• Emergency first aid cases;
• In-flight cabin fire;
• Ramp safety;
• Dangerous goods incidents;
• Use of an automated external defibrillators (if carried);
• Aviation security matters.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-64
The CIC recurrent (refresher) training shall also include topics covered during the CIC
initial training. All topics shall be reviewed once every 2 years during the refresher training.
2.2.4.5 Cabin Crew Instructor Recurrent Training
Cabin Crew Instructor authorization is valid for one year. Cabin Crew Instructor recurrent
training and checking shall cover all the items included in cabin crew recurrent training and
checking. In addition to that at least one theoretical and/or practical training under
supervision should be performed within one year.
The re-appointment as cabin crew instructor and/or examiner with more than 2 years of
experience will be as follows:
• Be checked by an SSCA authorised officer or JC Airlines’ examiner authorised by
SSCA, once every 24 months on his competency as instructor and/or examiner;
and
• Carry out a minimum of 2 observation flight sectors on JC Airlines’ flight within the
last 24 months.
2.2.5 Recency
Any cabin crew member who has not operated as a cabin crew for more than 60 days but
not exceeding 6 months shall complete an approved refresher training course and pass a
written test. The training shall include at least the following requirements:
• Emergency procedures including pilot incapacitation;
• Evacuation procedures including crowd control techniques;
• Operation and actual opening of all normal and emergency exits for passenger
evacuation in an aircraft or approved training device;
• Demonstration of the operation of all other exits;
• Location and handling of emergency equipment, including oxygen systems, portable
oxygen, protective breathing equipment and the donning of life-jackets.
Any cabin crew member who has not operated as a cabin crew for more than 6 months but
not exceeding 12 months shall, before undertaking flight duties:
• Complete refresher training on the type;
• Sit for and pass all initial and appropriate aircraft type tests;
• Operate 2 sectors as supernumerary crew. The supernumerary cabin crew should
not be counted as part of the minimum crew complement.
Cabin Crew-In-Charge (CIC) will be required to undergo the CIC recurrent training
programme in addition to these requirements.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-65
Any cabin crew who has not operated an aircraft for more than 12 months is required to
complete the full initial and aircraft type rating training and pass all appropriate tests. The
crew must also operate at least 2 sectors as supernumerary crew. Cabin Crew-In-Charge
(CIC) will be required to undergo the CIC recurrent training programme in addition to these
requirements.
The cabin crew recency on an aircraft type will expire if the cabin crew does not operate
on an aircraft type for more than 90 days. The crew member will have to successfully
complete the aircraft type test before resuming flying duties on that aircraft type.
For cabin crew member operating on three aircraft types, the recency on an aircraft type
will expire if he does not operate on an aircraft type for more than 60 days. However, the
recency requirement can be extended to 90 days if the cabin crew member has within the
60 days operated on an aircraft type built by the same manufacturer where similar features
exist. The crew member will have to successfully complete the aircraft type test before
resuming flying duties on an aircraft type.
2.2.6 Conversion and Differences Training

2.2.6.1 General
Each cabin crew member has to complete appropriate training as specified in the
Operations Manual before undertaking assigned duties as follows:
Conversion Training and Checking must be completed before being:

• First assigned by JC Airlines to operate as a cabin crew member, or
• Assigned to operate another aircraft type.
Differences Training and Checking must be completed before operating:

• On a variant of an aircraft type currently operated, or
• With different safety equipment, safety equipment location, or normal and
emergency procedures on currently operated aircraft types or variants.
JC Airlines determines the contents of the conversion and differences training taking into
account the cabin crew member’s previous training as recorded in the cabin crew
member’s training records.
2.2.6.2 Operation on More than One Type or Variant
Cabin crew may operate up to three aircraft types provided that safety equipment and
emergency procedures are similar. Cabin crew should not operate as CICs on more than
one aircraft type unless approved by the SSCA.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-66
Variants of a particular aircraft type are considered to be different types if they are not
similar in all of the following aspects:
• Emergency exit operation;
• Location and type of safety equipment;
• Emergency procedures.
Factors taken into consideration by the SSCA to permit cabin crew to operate up to 3
aircraft types would include but are not limited to the following:
• Additional training for the CICs;
• A minimum experience level of cabin crew comprising the minimum crew
complement;
• Restriction of the number of trainee cabin crew carried on all flights;
• Meeting a recency requirement as agreed with the SSCA on all aircraft types;
• No change of fleet assignment within the same day except for flight disruptions;
• Arrangements made for cabin crew to review the characteristics of the aircraft type
to be operated on during pre-flight crew briefing.
Conversion training and if necessary, a difference training, includes the use of all safety
equipment and all normal and emergency procedures applicable to the type or variant of
aircraft and involves training and practice on either a representative training device or on
the actual aircraft.
2.2.7 Additional Training and Checking

2.2.7.1 General
Chief Cabin Crew may request, in case of cabin crew member's unsatisfactory work
performance, additional (extraordinary) theoretical and/or practical training and checking.
2.2.7.2 Special Training for Foreign Cabin Crew
Lease of JC Airlines aircraft, registered in Cambodia, and operated by foreign cabin crew,
is subject to SSCA approval. Consideration may be given to foreign cabin crew to undergo
a special training programme in lieu of the Company requirements for cabin crew. All
necessary training records and information pertaining to the foreign operator's cabin crew
shall be provided to the SSCA at least 7 working days in advance for assessment. Any
special training programme for foreign cabin crew shall be at least 2 days in duration. If
applicable, such special training programme and checking shall be approved by the SSCA
in order to enable the foreign cabin crew to operate charter flights for a short period under
Cambodia Operator Certificate.
SSCA Inspectors will conduct an inspection of such special training programme including
the first flight being carried out by the Company using the foreign cabin crew. The
Company shall bear all expenses incurred in carrying out such inspections.
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-67
2.3 OPERATIONS PERSONNEL INCLUDING CREW MEMBERS

2.3.1 Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air
JC Airlines shall ensure that flight crew members' dangerous goods training is carried out
to a depth sufficient to ensure that awareness is gained of the hazards associated with
dangerous goods and their carriage on an aircraft.
Training of crew members, other than flight crew members, shall be to a depth sufficient to
ensure that awareness is gained of the hazards associated with dangerous goods and
what requirements apply to the carriage of such goods by passengers or, more generally,
their carriage on an aeroplane.
The Training Manager shall ensure that dangerous goods training and checking
programmes are established in the Operations Manual and approved by the Authority.
Refer to Chapter 5, Dangerous Goods Training.
Flight crew initial training and recurrent training is described in detail in OM Part D chapter
2.1.
Cabin crew initial training and recurrent training is described in detail in OM Part D chapter
2.2.
2.3.2 Security Training
The SSCA requires that JC Airlines should establish, maintain and conduct approved
training programmes which enable crew members to take appropriate action to prevent
acts of unlawful interference, such as sabotage or unlawful seizure of aeroplanes and to
minimise the consequences of such events, should they occur. Additionally, JC Airlines
shall ensure that all appropriate personnel are familiar, and comply, with the relevant
requirements of the national security programmes of the Kingdome of Cambodia. The
Training Manager has delegated the development and presentation of security training and
checking programmes to specialist for security training. Individual crew member shall have
knowledge and competence of all relevant elements of the training programme.
The course content shall include at least the following:

• General:
- The objective of aviation security;
- The organisation of aviation security;
- The threat to aviation security;
• Hijack:
- Crew response to hijack;
- Hijack counter measures including locked cockpit doors;
- Police organisation, objectives and procedures;
- Emergency measures in the air
CHAPTER 2 P: 2-68
- Emergency measures on the ground;

- Handling the media and post event debriefing;
• Sabotage:
- Recognition of firearms;
- Assessment of bomb warnings;
- Checking aircraft on the ground;
- Emergency procedures in the air;
- Emergency procedures on the ground;
- Handling the media and post event debriefing.
Refer to Security Manual and OM Part D, Chapter 5 - Security Training.
Recurrent aviation security training shall be conducted for aircraft members and all
operational ground personnel once every two years.
Flight crew initial training and recurrent training is described in detail in OM Part D chapter
2.1.
Cabin crew initial training and recurrent training is described in detail in OM Part D chapter
2.2.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-69
2.4 OPERATIONS PERSONNEL OTHER THAN CREW MEMBERS

2.4.1 Flight Operations Officers (Flight Dispatchers)
2.4.1.1 Initial Training
Initial training for a flight operations officer (flight dispatcher) is the course based on ICAO
7192 D-3 Manual and guided by ICAO 201- Flight Operations Officer Course.
This course is outsourced to third party approved training organisations. There, on the job
training will be provided to the candidates during the second phase of the course where
they will be assigned to actual operational control duties under supervision and also have
first-hand experience on the exigencies of the profession as it is performed by experienced
dispatchers under an actual operational environment.
Third party approved training organisations conducting trainings for flight operations
officers’ qualifications shall submit the basic training syllabi for initial qualification training
to the SSCA for approval. The syllabi shall be part of approved training organisation
operation/training manual. The training shall cover the contents specified in Chapter 5 and
shall include an examination at the end of the course.
The flight operations officer (flight dispatcher) training shall be carried by a qualified
instructor who shall meet the following criteria:
• Have served at least 5 preceding years as a full time qualified flight dispatcher with
an airline or at least the preceding one year as a flight operations officer (flight
dispatcher) instructor in a training establishment acceptable to the SSCA; and
• Completed successfully a flight operations officer/flight dispatcher instructor course
acceptable to the SSCA.
All flight operations officer (flight dispatcher) instructors will need to be observed by the
SSCA Inspector every 2 years to ensure they maintain their knowledge, skills and
competency for the re-appointment as a flight operations officer (flight dispatcher)
instructor.
Basic requirements:
The applicant shall not be less than 21 years of age.
An applicant to be a flight operations officer shall have gained at least the following
experience:
a) A total of 2 years of service, any one or in any combination of the capacities
specified below, provided that in any combination of experience the period serviced
in any capacity shall be at least one year:
• A flight crew member in air transportation; or
• A meteorologist in an organization dispatching aircraft in air transportation; or

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-70
• An air traffic controller; or a technical supervisor of flight operations officers or

air transportation flight operations systems; or
b) At least one year' as an assistant in the dispatching of air transport aircraft; or
c) Have satisfactorily completed a course of approved training.
The applicant shall have served under the supervision of a flight operations officer for at
least 90 working days within the six months immediately preceding the application.
After the training, the flight operation officer shall have demonstrated the ability to:
• Make an accurate and operationally acceptable weather analysis from a series of
daily weather maps and weather reports; provide an operationally valid briefing on
weather conditions prevailing in the general neighbourhood of a specific air route;
forecast weather trends pertinent to air transportation with particular reference to
destination and alternates;
• Determine the optimum flight plan for a given segment, and create accurate manual
and/or computer generated flight plans; and
• Provide operating supervision and all other assistance to a flight in actual or
simulated adverse weather conditions, as appropriate to the duties of a flight
operations officer.
In addition to the basic requirements given above, the Operator shall not assign a flight
operations officer to duty unless that person has:
a) Satisfactorily completed a training course specific to the operator that addresses all
the components of the operator's approved method of control and supervision of
flight operations;
b) Made, within the preceding 12 months, at least one qualification flight in the flight
crew compartment of an aircraft over any area for which that individual is authorised
to exercise flight supervision.
Note: For the purpose of the qualification flight, the flight operations officer must be able
to monitor the flight crew intercommunication system and radio communications,
and be able to observe the actions of the flight crew from the crew reporting time
until the completion of the crew's post-flight duties.
c) Demonstrated to the Operator a knowledge of the:
• Contents of the operations manual;
• Radio equipment in the aircraft used; and
• Navigation equipment in the aircraft used;
d) Demonstrated to the Operator a knowledge of the following details concerning
operations for which the officer is responsible and areas in which that individual is
authorised to exercise flight supervision:
• The seasonal meteorological conditions and the sources of meteorological
information;

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-71
• The effects of meteorological conditions on radio reception in the aircraft

used;
• The peculiarities and limitations of each navigation system which is used by
the operation; and
• The aircraft loading instructions;
e) Demonstrated to the Operator knowledge and skills related to human performance
relevant to dispatch duties; and
f) Demonstrated to the Operator the ability to perform the duties specified in Chapter 2
of the AOCR.
The applicant for flight operations officer shall be able to demonstrate an appropriate level
of knowledge in at least the subjects specified in the training syllabus. Such demonstration
of knowledge shall be by means of an examination equivalent to that required to be
undertaken by an applicant who has completed a course of training in accordance with
requirements from this chapter.
2.4.1.2 Recurrent Training
To maintain currency, a flight operations officer must dispatch at least one flight every 90
consecutive days. A flight operations officer who fails to do so shall be required dispatch at
least one flight under the supervision of another flight operations officer prior to resuming
duties.
A flight operations officer who has not dispatched at least one flight in the preceding 12
months shall be required to attend refresher training, pass a written assessment paper and
dispatch at least one flight under the supervision of another flight operations officer prior to
resuming duties.
Every flight operations officer shall undergo a recurrent training programme approved by
the SSCA and pass a proficiency test conducted by the Operator once every 24 months.
2.4.2 Flight Operations Officer Instructor

2.4.2.1 Initial Training
Reserved.
2.4.2.2 Recurrent Training
Reserved.

CHAPTER 2 P: 2-72
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-1
PROCEDURES Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
3 PROCEDURES
3.1 PROCEDURES FOR TRAINING AND CHECKING
3.1.1 Flight Crew
3.1.1.1 General
This section is written on the premise that JC Airlines authorized and the SSCA approved
flight simulator will be used for most of the training and checking, and that the
instructor/examiner will be seated at the instructor panel. The briefing, conduct and de-
briefing of all JC Airlines checks will be carried out in accordance with the SSCA
requirements.
Simulator training and checking shall be conducted in JC Airlines authorized and the
SSCA approved flight simulator, comprising minimum at least one 4 hr session (but
preferably two 4 hr sessions over a period of two days). Copies of the current local
regulatory Authority simulator approval and the SSCA approval shall be displayed in the
flight simulator. All required items of the Operator Proficiency Check (base check) and
Pilot Proficiency Check Licence shall be tested.
The full motion of the simulator is to be serviceable for all checks which are required by
legislation. The visual system must be serviceable for certain tests and exercises as
indicated on the SSCA flight simulator approval document.
The pilot examiner shall be totally familiar with the simulator operations and have been
authorised by the SSCA to conduct OPC (Operator Proficiency Check, also referred to as
base check) and Pilot Proficiency Check.
Should the candidate complain while the test is being conducted or in the following de-
brief, about any aspect of the performance, fidelity or anything to do with the simulator, the
examiner should investigate immediately. If justified, a complete re-test should be
arranged once the fault or faults have been rectified. If the complaint is not justified, the
test will continue, or the result confirmed if the complaint is received after the test.
While training and testing is taking place in the simulator, it is important to maintain as
much realism as possible. In order to achieve this, headsets should be worn and full seat
harness should be fastened. Seat harnesses are important in any event to maintain a
certain degree of safety when full motion is being used.
Normal and correct R/T phraseology should be used along with realistic weather
scenarios. The use of the flight simulator freezes and resets should be kept to a minimum,
and the instructor’s/examiner’s presence should be as unobtrusive as possible.
The visibility/runway visual range (RVR) and cloud base passed to the crew should be
chosen by the examiner to create a scenario in which a particular technique or approach
will be chosen by the candidate. The visibility/runway visual range and cloud base set by
CHAPTER 3 P: 3-2
the examiner should also be chosen in order to achieve a particular response i.e. go-
around or landing. Because of the reduced peripheral vision on most simulators, and the
difficulty in reproducing the 'light scatter' experienced during real approaches in poor
visibility, if a landing is required it is recommended that the visibility/runway visual range
set is greater than that passed to the crew, particularly in the case of a non-precision
approach.
3.1.1.2 Instructions for Assessment
Performance shall be assessed using one of the following:

• Passed (P), or
• Failed (F).
Note: When an item has not been assessed it shall be marked as not-applicable (N/A).
Where applicable a grading scale may also be used for more precise evaluation of crew
performance.
Black or blue ballpoint pen should be used when filling the evaluation forms. Red ballpoint
pen should be used when checking theoretical assessments.
Unless corrective training has been completed during the check the overall assessment
shall be “failed" when any item has been assessed as below acceptable performance or
the result of the technical or operational questionnaire is below 80 % (refer to the section
below).
Overall assessment shall be “passed" when all items have been assessed as acceptable
performance or the result of the technical or operational questionnaire is 80 % or above
(refer to the section below).
Ground Training/Checking
During ground training/checking, the assessment of proficiency (where applicable) shall be

in the form of a multiple choice examination supervised by personnel (invigilators)
approved by the Training Manager.
Assessment during all ground trainings, when required, shall never be below 80% for
declaration of proficiency (passed).
In case of unsatisfactory results a retest will have to be undertaken on the particular exam
– refer to OM Part D, Chapter 3.2.
Simulator/Flight Training/Checking

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-3
The applicant shall demonstrate the ability to:

• Operate the aeroplane within its limitations;
• Complete all manoeuvres with smoothness and accuracy;
• Exercise good judgement and airmanship;
• Apply aeronautical knowledge;
• Maintain control of the aeroplane at all times in such a manner that the successful
outcome of a procedure or manoeuvre is never in doubt;
• Understand and apply crew coordination and incapacitation procedures;
• Communicate effectively with the other crew members.
The following limits represent general guidance for acceptable performance (passed).
Flying outside these limits generally represents below acceptable performance (failed).
The examiner shall make allowance for turbulent conditions and the handling qualities and
performance of the type of aeroplane used:
• Height:
- Generally ± 100 feet;
- Starting a go-around at decision height/altitude +50 feet/-0 feet;
- Minimum descent height/altitude +50 feet/-0 feet;
• Tracking:
- On radio aids ± 5 degrees;
- Precision approach half scale deflection, azimuth and glide path;
• Heading:
- All engines operating ± 5 degrees;
- With simulated engine failure ±10 degrees;
• Speed:
- All engines operating ± 5 knots;
- With simulated engine failure +10 knots/-5 knots.
The following items represent general guidance for below acceptable performance
(failed/not qualified):
• Another flight crew member had to take control, give repeated instructions or
otherwise interfere in order to ensure the safety of the flight;
• Failure to go-around when exceeding the stabilised approach window limits;
• Landing outside the touchdown zone;
• Application of incomplete or wrong memory items or failure to initiate memory items
altogether;
• When in the opinion of the examiner, corrective training is required before the flight
crew member can be released for flight operations.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-4
Immediately upon completion of a check the appropriate form must be completed by the
instructor and passed to the Chief Instructor on the aircraft type who will revise the expiry
dates on the crew member's records.
Examiners should also keep a personal record of all tests they have conducted.
3.1.1.3 The Role of the Examiner
The examiner’s basic function is to ensure that before a candidate is cleared to operate,
his performance under test is of a standard and performance required by JC Airlines and
the SSCA. The pilot can only attain this standard with good training and constant practice
of precision flying during normal line duties. The examiner would expect therefore, that the
normal manoeuvres in the test would be carried out to a high standard. However, it is not
possible for a pilot to practice emergency manoeuvres during his normal line duties, and
this means that the pilot has the opportunity only at bi-annual Operator Proficiency Checks
(base checks) to practice such emergencies. To this end the examiner should bear in mind
that these checks are also an opportunity for continuation training. If the performance of
the pilot during an emergency manoeuvre is below the required standard, the examiner
should give the opportunity of further practices before a re-test on that particular
manoeuvre.
The examiner must have a clear and precise knowledge of what constitutes a satisfactory
performance during a test and must ensure that the candidate demonstrates his
proficiency to this standard. However, it is not sufficient merely to pass or fail a pilot. If he
falls short of the standard in any way, he must be brought up to standard. If his
performance is satisfactory, but shows signs of weakness or lack of polish in some
particular area, then every effort should be made to improve it. In other words, the
examiner should strive to improve the overall performance of the pilots.
It will not always be possible or desirable to give instruction during OPC/PPC or line
checks and the examiner/instructor shall exercise discretion and judgement in deciding
when this is appropriate.
It is important that the examiner adopts a uniformly detached and impartial attitude to the
pilot under test, for whom he will usually be a colleague well known to him, or may even be
his senior at the Company.
Should an applicant choose not to continue with a test for reasons considered inadequate
by the examiner, the applicant will be regarded as having failed those items not attempted.
If the test/check is terminated for reasons considered adequate by the examiner, only
those items not completed shall be tested in a further flight.
Checks and cockpit procedures shall be carried out in compliance with the authorised
check lists and with the multi-crew cooperation (MCC) concept.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-5
Performance data for take-off, approach and landing shall be calculated by the crew in
compliance with the JC Airlines Operations Manual and should be agreed with the
examiner. Decision heights/altitude and minimum descent heights/altitudes and missed
approach point shall be determined by the crew in advance and agreed by the examiner.
However, if the test is to be carried out as a LOFT scenario, it may be impossible or
inadvisable to state the type of approach or even the airport of final destination. In this
case the source of the minima should be ascertained.
The test/check shall be performed in a multi-crew environment.
The following matters shall be specifically checked extending to the duties of a Pilot-In-
Command, irrespective of whether the applicant acts as PF or PM (PNF):
• Compliance with Company SOP plus CRM to an acceptable standard of crew
cooperation management;
• Maintaining a general survey of the aeroplane operation by appropriate supervision;
• Setting priorities and making decisions in accordance with safety aspects and
relevant rules and regulations appropriate to the operational situation, including
emergencies.
The test/check should be accomplished as far as possible in a simulated commercial air

transport environment under IFR. An essential element is the ability to plan and conduct
the flight from routine briefing material.
3.1.1.4 Periodic Evaluation of Instructors, Examiners, Line Training Captains
All instructors, examiners and line check captains shall be periodically evaluated to ensure
compliance with required qualification and performance standards.
The Chief Instructor on aircraft type or Training Manager shall perform periodic evaluation
of all instructors, examiners and line check captains while performing training or
evaluation. Additionally the Training Manager may delegate any other instructor, or other
properly qualified specialist, to perform the above mentioned periodic evaluation.
Trainees attending any kind of training and/or checking shall be provided with the flight
crew Training and Checking Feedback Form to be filled out after completion of training
and/or checking. Instructors, examiners, line check captains, training facilities, devices,
equipment and course materials, should be assessed by trainees. The forms are collected
anonymously in the Training Department, results studied by Training Manager with Chief
Instructor on aircraft type, for the purpose of continuous improvement of ground, simulator
and aircraft training.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-6
3.1.1.5 Trainings and associated Training Facilities
Ground trainings are normally conducted in JC Airlines training facilities.
Mock-up trainings are conducted at out-sourced training facilities.
Simulator trainings for A320 aircraft are conducted at out-sourced simulator training
facilities.
Aircraft trainings are conducted on JC Airlines aircraft.
3.1.1.6 Periods of Validity
Operator Proficiency Check/Base Check

The period of validity of an operator proficiency check/base check shall be 6 months.
Line Check
The period of validity of a line check shall be 12 months. The line check must be
conducted on the aircraft.
Dangerous Goods Training and Checking

The period of validity of Dangerous Goods Training shall be 24 months.
Aviation Security Training and Checking

Recurrent security training of crew is to take place every two years and will review general
security matters and procedures, the threat, instances of hijacks and sabotage and
incidents of disruptive behaviour. The period of validity of Aviation Security is 24 months.
Annual Safety and Emergency Procedures Training and Checking

The period of validity of an annual safety and emergency procedures check shall be 12
months.
Biannual Safety and Emergency Procedures Training and Checking

The period of validity of a biannual safety and emergency procedures check shall be 24
months.
Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training

The period of validity of a CRM recurrent training shall be 12 months. With recurrent
training, all subjects are covered in a 3-year cycle.
Ground and Refresher Training

Each flight crew member shall undergo ground and refresher training every 12 months.
The subjects for ground refresher training will be determined by the Training Manager and
will contain, apart from aircraft technical matters, subjects relevant to the operation such
as winter operations and adverse weather, safety reviews, etc. Such ground training may

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-7
be coincident with the refresher training carried out in the normal process of bi-annual
training and checking in the simulator.
Qualification for Captain to operate in the Right-hand Seat

Commanders assigned to operate in the right-hand seat shall be checked on the practice
of drills and procedures from both pilots' seats concurrent with their Operator Proficiency
Check/base check.
Route and Aerodrome Competence Qualification

The period of validity of the route and aerodrome competence qualification shall be 12
calendar months in addition to the remainder of:
• The month of qualification; or
• The month of the latest operation on the route or to the aerodrome.
Route and aerodrome competence qualification shall be revalidated by operating on the
route or to the aerodrome within the period of validity described above.
Cruise Relief Captain Qualification

First Officers, assigned to be Cruise Relief Captains, relieving Captains during cruise in
accordance with OM Part A, shall be checked on the practice of drills and procedures from
the left hand pilots' seat concurrent with their Operator Proficiency Check.
Recent Experience - Commander

A pilot shall not operate an aircraft for commercial air transportation as Commander (Pilot-
In-Command) unless he has carried out at least 3 take-off and 3 landings as pilot flying
(PF) in an aircraft or an approved flight simulator, of the type to be used, in the preceding
90 days. Additionally 1 take-off and landing shall be completed in an aircraft or an
approved flight simulator within the preceding 35 days.
Recent Experience – First Officer

A first officer shall not operate at the flight controls during take-off and landing unless he
has carried out at least 3 take-off and 3 landings as pilot flying (PF) in an aircraft or an
approved flight simulator, of the type to be used, in the preceding 90 days.
Medical Check
For the commercial pilot licence (CPL) and the airline transport pilot licence (ATPL) the
Medical Certificate Class 1 validity shall be valid from the date of the medical examination
for a period not greater than 12 months. When the holders of ATPL and CPL, who are
engaged in commercial air transport operations, have passed their 60th birthday, the
period of validity shall be reduced to 6 months.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-8
3.1.2 Cabin Crew

3.1.2.1 General
Similar philosophy as for flight crew training and checking applies.
3.1.2.2 Instructions for Assessment
Performance shall be assessed using one of the following:

• Passed (P), or
• Failed (F).
Note: When an item has not been assessed it shall be marked as not-applicable (N/A).
Where applicable a grading scale may also be used for more precise evaluation of crew
performance.
Black or blue ballpoint pen should be used when filling the evaluation forms. Red ballpoint
pen should be used when checking theoretical assessments.
Unless corrective training has been completed during the check the overall assessment
shall be “failed" when any item has been assessed as below acceptable performance or
the result of the ground testing is below 80 % (refer to the section below).
Overall assessment shall be “passed" when all items have been assessed as acceptable
performance or the result of the ground testing is 80 % or above (refer to the section
below).
The following list represents general guidance for acceptable performance (passed):
• Good understanding of topics and proper level of background knowledge;
• All procedural steps correctly performed with certainty;
• All tasks are correctly organised, task organisation adequately deals with priority
items, clear attempts to share workload.
The following list represents general guidance for below acceptable performance (failed):
• Fundamental errors related to topics, which have influence on safety - deviations
from standard with influence on safety;
• Major deficiencies in application of procedures, which have influence on safety;
• Vital information not relayed to other crew members, resulting in clear errors -
deviations from standard with influence on safety.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-9
3.1.2.3 Courses and Associated Training Facilities
Ground trainings are normally conducted in JC Airlines training facilities.
Mock-up trainings are conducted at out-sourced training facilities.
Aircraft trainings are conducted on JC Airlines aircraft.
3.1.2.4 Periods of Validity
Line Check
The period of validity of a line check shall be 12 months. The line check shall be
conducted on the aircraft.
Dangerous Goods Training and Checking

The period of validity of Dangerous Goods Training shall be 12 months.
Aviation Security Training and Checking

Recurrent security training of crew is to take place every two years and will review general
security matters and procedures, the threat, instances of hijacks and sabotage and
incidents of disruptive behaviour. The period of validity of Aviation Security is 24 months.
First Aid Training and Checking

The period of validity of the first aid training shall be 12 months.
Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training

The period of validity of a CRM recurrent training shall be 12 months. With recurrent
training, all subjects are covered in a 3-year cycle.
Annual Safety and Emergency Procedures Training and Checking

The period of validity of an annual safety and emergency procedures check shall be 12
months.
Biannual Safety and Emergency Procedures Training and Checking

The period of validity of a biannual safety and emergency procedures check shall be 24
months.
3.1.3 Operations Personnel other than Crew

3.1.3.1 Flight Operations Officer
Reserved.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-10
3.2 PROCEDURES TO BE APPLIED IN THE EVENT THAT PERSONNEL

DO NOT ACHIEVE OR MAINTAIN REQUIRED STANDARDS
If at any stage of training, or as a result of a test, it is evident that the person has not
reached the necessary standard of performance, the Training Manager has to be notified.
An occurrence of not achieving or maintaining required standards in this context is defined
as a failure to complete an entire training syllabus, a failure of an individual check or failing
to reach satisfactory training standards/levels during crew member training/checking. Apart
from notifying the Training Manager, the occurrence should be noted in personnel's
training record.
After poor performance in training, personnel will be managed through a remedial training
programme. Poor performance is a standard of operation that is deemed unsatisfactory to
permit continued (line) operation. Post first occurrence, the notification of applicable
superiors will be required (Chief Instructor on aircraft type and Chief Pilot for pilots, Chief
Cabin Crew Instructor and Chief Cabin Crew for cabin crew members, etc.) and retraining
and/or re-evaluation will be agreed and allocated as appropriate.
Further cases of poor performance will require management intervention. This will include
a face to face interview to establish the root cause of the issues and to establish mitigating
circumstances. The personnel concerned will at this stage be reviewed by JC Airlines’
management including Training Manager for formal disciplinary investigation and process,
possibly ending up with contract termination. Alternatively, further training following a
second failure will only be given in exceptional circumstances, with goals and achievement
requirements again clearly stated. Should unsatisfactory performance continue, the
contract will be terminated.
3.2.1 Flight Crew

3.2.1.1 General
The following paragraphs give procedures to be applied in the event that a flight crew
member does not reach or maintains the required standards. It is however impossible to
give procedures for each and every possible failure case. The Training Manager may
decide on an alternative course of action where application of these procedures would
otherwise result in illogical or overly harsh action.
When a flight crew member fails to reach or maintain the desired standards, the Chief
Instructor on aircraft type and Chief Pilot, in addition to the Training Manager, shall be
informed without delay.
3.2.1.2 Conversion Course
If a flight crew member ultimately fails to reach the required standards during the
conversion course/checking, his contract may be terminated.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-11
Ground training
When a flight crew member fails to reach the required standards (below the minimum
80%) during ground training he will be given additional training and then be allowed a
second attempt. If the flight crew member fails to reach the required standards on a
second attempt, he shall be scheduled for review by the board of instructors (his training
may be terminated at this stage).
Simulator training
When a flight crew member fails the simulator check he may be given additional simulator
checking addressing the shortcomings in consultation with the Chief Instructor on aircraft
type. Prior to recheck, the pilot concerned will be explained about his weaknesses and
expected standard of work. The flight crew member shall thereafter undergo a new
simulator check, which should generally be conducted by an examiner, not being the
examiner that failed the flight crew member on the first attempt. If the flight crew member
fails the second simulator check, he shall be scheduled for review by the board of
instructors (his training may be terminated).
Base (flight) training

When a flight crew member fails to reach the required standards during base training and
checking, additional training may be given in concert with the Chief Instructor on the
aircraft type and Training Manager. If the satisfactory result cannot be attained, training will
be terminated.
Line flying under supervision

If an instructor discovers a serious problem or training deficiencies of the flight crew
member, this shall be addressed on the next supervision flight. If the problem is
reoccurring and is confirmed, a retraining has to be arranged, following a review by the
Chief Instructor on aircraft type and a board of instructors. When a flight crew member fails
to reach the required standards during line flying under supervision, the Chief Instructor on
aircraft type and Training Manager may authorise additional line training. Should the
problem(s) persist and a successful completion of the supervision phase becomes
improbable, training will be terminated.
Line check
A failed final line check requires a retraining of a minimum 2 sectors line flying under
supervision, with different instructors (or line training captains), arranged by the Chief
Instructor on the aircraft type. Before retraining / recheck, the pilot concerned will be
interviewed by the Chief Instructor on the aircraft type who will explain to him his
weaknesses and expected standard of work. Thereafter a second check will be conducted
by an instructor, who has not been involved in the previous evaluation of the applicant. If
the flight crew member fails the line check on a second attempt, he shall be scheduled for
review by the board of instructors (his training will normally be terminated).

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-12
3.2.1.3 Command Course
First attempt
When a pilot is not admitted to, or fails, command evaluation on a first attempt, the pilot
shall resume flight duties as a first officer (co-pilot). He will be scheduled for review by a
board of instructors within maximum 60 days after the failed attempt, unless he either
indicates in writing that he does not wish such a review or he revokes his bid for
command. When a pilot fails simulator training or checking, aeroplane training or checking,
or line training or checking on a first attempt, procedures from OM Part D paragraph
3.2.1.2 apply. When the Training Manager decides to discontinue command training, the
pilot will be scheduled for review by a board of instructors within maximum 60 days after
the failed attempt, unless the pilot indicates in writing that he does not wish such a review
or he revokes his bid for command.
Second attempt
When a pilot is not admitted to or fails command evaluation on a second attempt he will be
scheduled for review by the board of instructors as soon as possible. When a pilot fails
simulator training or checking, aeroplane training or checking, or line training or checking
on a second attempt, procedures from OM Part D paragraph 3.2.1.2 apply. When the
Training Manager decides to discontinue command training, the pilot is grounded until
retraining as first officer (co-pilot) has been completed and he will be scheduled for review
by the board of instructors as soon as possible.
3.2.1.4 Other Courses
When a flight crew member ultimately fails to reach the required standards during a Cruise
Relief Captain course or Line Training Captain course, the respective course will be
discontinued. Normal flight duties shall be resumed without delay.
3.2.1.5 Route and Aerodrome Competence Qualification
When a flight crew member fails to reach the required standards during route and
aerodrome competence qualification he will be scheduled for additional training and then
be allowed second attempt. If the flight crew member fails to reach the required standards
on a second attempt he shall be reviewed jointly by the Chief Pilot, Chief Instructor and
board of instructors. Recommendations will be passed to the Training Manager and JC
Airlines’ management about possible further training.
3.2.1.6 Operator's Proficiency Check on aircraft type
General
When a flight crew member fails the OPC (Operator's Proficiency Check/Base Check), he
shall be temporary suspended from flight duties.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-13
Questionnaire
When a flight crew member fails the technical or operational questionnaire he shall be
scheduled for 2 days of study; at the end of the second day the flight crew member shall
be re-tested. If the flight crew member fails the questionnaire on a second attempt he will
be scheduled for review by the board of instructors as soon as possible.
Simulator check
When a flight crew member fails the simulator part of the OPC he shall be given additional
simulator training in consult with the Chief Instructor on the aircraft type. The flight crew
member shall thereafter undergo a new simulator OPC, which should be conducted by an
examiner, not being the examiner that failed the flight crew member on the first attempt. If
the flight crew member fails the OPC on a second attempt he shall be suspended from
flight duties and scheduled for review by the Chief Pilot, Chief Instructor on the aircraft
type and board of instructors. After careful evaluation of all relevant factors a
recommendation will be passed to the Training Manager and JC Airlines’ management
(possible termination of employment, or additional training, or downgrading of position – if
applicable).
3.2.1.7 Line Check
When a flight crew member fails the line check, he shall be temporary suspended from
flight duties.
In case of unsuccessful line check, the flight crew member shall be scheduled for a
minimum of 2 sectors line flying under supervision, with different instructors (or line training
captains), arranged by the Chief Instructor on the aircraft type. Before retraining / recheck,
the pilot concerned will be interviewed by the Chief Instructor on the aircraft type who will
explain to him his weaknesses and expected standard of work. Thereafter a second check
will be conducted by an instructor, who has not been involved in the previous evaluation of
the applicant. If the flight crew member fails the line check on a second attempt, he shall
be scheduled for review by the board of instructors.
After careful evaluation of all relevant factors the board members will make a
recommendation to the Training Manager (termination of employment, or downgrading of
position – if applicable, etc.).
3.2.1.8 Recurrent (Refresher) Ground Trainings
When a flight crew member fails to reach the required standards during recurrent
(refresher) ground training he will be scheduled for second attempt. If the flight crew
member fails to reach the required standards on a second attempt no flying duties will be
assigned, and the individual case is referred to Training Manager who decides about
further action.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-14
3.2.1.9 Instructors Duties
If an instructor is not maintaining standards, is overlooking the instructor’s code of conduct

or is not performing his training related duties as laid down in the OM Part D, a panel
consisting of the Chief Instructor on the aircraft type, Training Manager and Flight
Operations Manager may take disciplinary action depending on the seriousness of the
case.
3.2.2 Cabin Crew

3.2.2.1 General
The following paragraphs give procedures to be applied in the event that personnel do not
reach or maintain the required standards. It is however impossible to give procedures for
each and every possible failure case. The Training Manager may decide on an alternative
course of action where application of these procedures would otherwise result in illogical
or overly harsh action.
When a cabin crew member fails to reach or maintain the required standards, Chief Cabin
Crew Instructor, and in addition, the Training Manager, shall be informed without delay.
3.2.2.2 Initial Course
When a trainee fails to reach required standards during any phase of initial course training
assessment (written, oral, practical or line check) he will be allowed a second attempt. An
additional training consultation will be assigned with the applicable instructor. If the trainee
fails to reach the required standards on a second attempt, his training results will be
reviewed by the Chief Cabin Crew Instructor who will assign an additional training
consultation with the applicable instructor. If the trainee fails the assessment again or does
not reach the required standards on a third attempt, his contract will normally be
terminated.
3.2.2.3 Cabin Crew in Charge (CIC) Training
When a cabin crew member fails to reach required standards during any phase of Cabin
Crew in Charge (CIC) training assessment (written, oral, practical or line check), he will be
allowed a second attempt. An additional training consultation will be assigned with the
applicable instructor. If the trainee fails to reach the required standards on a second
attempt, his training results will be reviewed by the Chief Cabin Crew Instructor who will
assign an additional training consultation with the applicable instructor. If the trainee fails
the assessment again or does not reach the required standards on a third attempt, his
training should be terminated and he should resume his normal flight duties.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-15
3.2.2.4 Cabin Crew Instructor Training
When a candidate for a cabin crew instructor fails to reach required standards during any
phase of Cabin Crew Instructor (CCI) training assessment (written, oral, practical or line
check), he will be allowed a second attempt. An additional training consultation will be
assigned with the applicable instructor. If the candidate fails to reach the required
standards on a second attempt, his training results will be reviewed by the Chief Cabin
Crew Instructor who will assign an additional training consultation with the applicable
instructor. If the candidate fails the assessment again or does not reach the required
standards on a third attempt, his training should be terminated and he should resume his
normal flight duties.
3.2.2.5 Recurrent (Refresher) Training
Ground Training
When a cabin crew member fails to reach the required standards during recurrent
(refresher) ground training assessment he will be scheduled for the second attempt. An
additional training consultation will be assigned with the applicable instructor. If the cabin
crew member fails to reach the required standards on a second attempt, his training
results will be reviewed by the Chief Cabin Crew Instructor who will assign an additional
training consultation with the applicable instructor. If the cabin crew member fails again the
assessment, his training results will be assessed together by the Training Manager, Chief
Cabin Crew and Chief Cabin Crew, who will make recommendation to JC Airlines about
further recommended course of actions (e.g. termination of contract, or additional training,
or downgrading of the position – if applicable, etc.).
Line Check
Should the cabin crew member fail the flight check, he will be removed from flying duties
and assigned for a safety consultation with a Cabin Crew Instructor. After successful
completion of the safety consultation, another flight check will be assigned at the earliest
possibility. Should the cabin crew member fail two consecutive flight checks, the cabin
crew member will be removed from flight duties and safety consultation will be assigned
with a Cabin Crew Instructor. After successful completion of the safety consultation the
crew member will be scheduled for another flight check with the Cabin Crew Instructor. If
the cabin crew member fails this flight check, he will be dismissed from flight duties and
further disciplinary actions may be initiated up to termination of the employment contract.
In such circumstances the cabin crew member is to refuse any flights before being re-
trained and re-examined.
3.2.3 Flight Operations Officer

3.2.3.1 General
The following paragraphs give procedures to be applied in the event that flight operations
officer does not reach or maintain the required training standards.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-16
3.2.3.2 Initial Training and Checking
If a candidate for flight operations officer fails to reach the required standards during initial
training, he will be scheduled for a second attempt. If a candidate for flight operations
officer fails in the second attempt, his performance will be reviewed by the Training
Manager and his contract normally terminated.
3.2.3.3 Licence Renewal or Recurrent Training and Checking
If a flight operations officer fails to reach the required standards during recurrent training
and checking, he will be scheduled for a second attempt. If a flight operations officer fails
in the second attempt, he cannot be assigned to perform flight operations officers' duties
unsupervised. His performance will be reviewed by Training Manager and Flight
Operations Manager and joint decision will be made about further actions (termination of
contract, supervised duties until third (final) attempt, assignment to another working
position ...).
3.2.3.4 Flight Operations Officer Instructor
Reserved.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-17
3.3 PROCEDURES TO ENSURE THAT ABNORMAL OR EMERGENCY

SITUATIONS ARE NOT SIMULATED DURING COMMERCIAL AIR
TRANSPORTATION FLIGHTS
The following training and examining exercises are permitted on commercial air
transportation flights:
• Observation flying (for the purposes of familiarization on an aircraft type; pilots flying
as observers on observation fights are required to have the normal operation of the
aircraft systems demonstrated to them and are not to occupy a crew member’s
seat);
• Familiarization flights along the routes (as applicable) and into aerodromes
designated Category C;
• Line Checks.
Exercising abnormal and/or emergency during commercial air transportation flights is not
permissible. All instruction and checking personnel shall be briefed accordingly.
The following basic safety requirements, regarding crew training, must be complied with:
• On any flights, following training/examining exercises are not permitted:
- Simulation of abnormal or emergency situations requiring the application of
part of abnormal or emergency procedures (e.g. simulated engine failure or
engine shut-down);
- Deliberate disabling of equipment or systems, pulling of circuit breakers, and
using abnormal switching for training purposes, unnecessary dual input to
flight controls, etc.;
- Simulation of IMC by artificial means;
• On all commercial/revenue flights (including ferry flights):
- Only scheduled normal training and checking is allowed (refer to above);
- Deviation from general operating policies (defined in OM Part A) for training
and from type related operating procedures (defined in OM Part B) is not
allowed;
- Incapacitation of a flight crew member check shall not be executed on
revenue flights;
- No abnormal situation will be intentionally established;
- Theoretical discussions shall be held during low workload periods only
(preferably in cruise);
Deliberate training of the following procedures is prohibited during aircraft flights:
- Windshear avoidance and recovery;
- Response to GPWS alerts and warnings and the avoidance of Controlled
Flight Into Terrain (CFIT);
- Rejected take-off (RTO) training;

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-18
- Response to TCAS/ACAS alerts;

- Practicing stall exercises;
- Upset recovery trainings.
Such training shall only be performed in the approved simulators.
Base (flight) training is allowed only on non-revenue flights. The requirements from above
apply also to base (flight) training flights.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-19
3.4 PERIODIC EVALUATION OF INSTRUCTORS, EXAMINERS, LINE

TRAINING CAPTAINS
All instructors, examiners and line training captains shall be periodically evaluated to
ensure compliance with required qualification and performance standards.
Chief Ground Instructor, or Chief Instructor on aircraft type, or Training Manager shall
perform periodic evaluation of all instructors, examiners, and line check captains while
performing training or evaluation. Additionally the Training Manager may delegate any
other pilot instructor, or other properly qualified specialists to perform the above mentioned
periodic evaluation.
Chief Cabin Crew Instructor shall perform periodic evaluation of all cabin crew instructors
while performing training or evaluation. He may delegate other CCI to perform this periodic
evaluation.
Head of Flight Dispatch or Training Manager shall perform periodic evaluation of all flight
dispatcher instructors while performing training or evaluation.

CHAPTER 3 P: 3-20
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 4 P: 4-1
TRAINING DOCUMENTATION & STORAGE PERIODS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
4 TRAINING DOCUMENTATION & STORAGE PERIODS

4.1 TRAINING SYLLABI AND DOCUMENTATION
4.1.1 General
Training Manager is responsible for maintaining an archive of all trainings and their various
versions. In addition, a record of when the trainings were conducted shall be maintained
(attendance sheet).
4.1.2 Training Records Format
The format of the trainee's training records are specified in OM Part D.
It is essential that training record forms are completed to the same required standard for
continuity and to aid quality audits. All forms must be signed by the instructor carrying out
the training and by the trainee in the case of any assessment reports. Training Manager,
or nominated deputy, will countersign those forms requiring his signature.
The training records shall include a comprehensive narrative report of the trainee’s
performance, together with the details of theoretical knowledge, synthetic flight and flight
training undertaken, as applicable.
4.1.3 Training Documentation Checks
Training Manager has overall responsibility for the content and accuracy of training
documentation and training records. Training records form an integral part of the quality
plan and it is essential that they properly reflect the conduct and standard of training
carried out. As part of the auditing procedure, training records will be checked in detail by
both the Company appointed auditors and the SSCA inspectors. The Training Department
administration staff is responsible for the actual maintenance of the training records.
Trainee and staff training record checks will be accomplished by quality audit at least once
annually.
Computer programs may be used to record personal information (expiry dates of medical
certificates, ratings, etc.) of instructors and trainees, for ease of overview and check.

CHAPTER 4 P: 4-2
4.2 ACCESS TO TRAINING RECORDS
Personal files shall be stored in a safe place not accessed by unauthorized persons.
Access to personal files is allowed only to:

• Chief Pilot for respective pilot;
• Chief Instructor on aircraft type for respective pilot;
• Chief Cabin Crew for cabin crew member;
• Chief Cabin Crew Instructor for cabin crew member;
• Head of Flight Dispatch for flight operations officer/flight dispatcher;
• Training Manager;
• Flight Operations Manager;
• Respective pilot or cabin crew member or flight dispatcher accompanied by
respective department chief.
Member of Training Department administration shall accompany any above named

persons.

CHAPTER 4 P: 4-3
4.3 TRAINING DOCUMENTATION RETENTION

4.3.1 General
Keeping accurate and complete training records is an important aspect of complying with
the approval requirements. It is also an essential tool for the Company to ensure the
continuity and consistency of its trainings. The qualifications required for training personnel
and trainees should be recorded in the record-keeping system to ensure that those
qualifications are monitored and current.
The record-keeping system should have the following characteristics:

• Completeness - the records kept by the training organization should be sufficient to
provide documentary evidence of each training action and allow the reconstruction
of the training history of each student or instructor in the organization;
• Integrity - it is important to maintain the integrity of records, ensuring that they are
not removed or altered. A backup of the records should also be considered to
ensure continuity in case of a major disaster.
JC Airlines has established the following rules for keeping and archiving training records
as follows:
• Retaining detailed training records to show that all requirements of the training
course have been met;
• Maintaining a system for recording the qualifications and training of instructional and
examining staff.
These records will not be obtainable by unauthorized persons.
Training records are required for all aspects of the training and shall include the records for
each trainee. Training records shall be retained for a period of minimum 12 month after the
person has left the employ of JC Airlines and should be listed by description to enable an
accurate audit.
The following documents will be retained:

• Copy of Pilot's Licence, Ratings and Medical Certificate with expiry dates;
• Ground (Theoretical Knowledge) Training Record (attendance sheets and exam
results);
• Simulator Training Records and Flight Training Records (as applicable);
• OPC/PPC/Line check reports and forms;
• Progress Reports.
These paper records will be retained in separate folders for each trainee and will be held
securely in the files desk at the JC Airlines Training Department facility in Phnom Penh.
Normal access will be restricted to the Training Manager, Training Department
administration staff, the staff giving the instruction, Chief Pilot/Chief Cabin Crew/Head of
CHAPTER 4 P: 4-4
Flight Dispatch (as applicable), Flight Operations Manager, the trainee concerned and the
SSCA for audit purposes.
Where additional electronic records are used, they should be securely backed up, and
their access controlled via password to authorized users (Training Department
administration staff, Training Manager).
Records of instructors’ training, expiration dates of approvals, ratings and medical

certificates will be retained in the same manner as those for trainees. Training Manager
has overall responsibility for the security, accuracy and content of those records although
the Training Department administration staff has day-to-day control and management of
the records. Instructors may have access to their own records.
JC Airlines is required to maintain complete records of all training and checking which
must be certified by the applicable instructors, Training Manager and available for
inspection by the SSCA. The following documents shall be stored in an acceptable form,
accessible to the SSCA for the periods shown.
4.3.2 Flight Crew Records
Documentation Storage Period

Until 12 months after the flight crew member has
Pilot's Licence
left the employ of the operator
Medical Certificate
Ground and Flight Training (all Until 12 months after the flight crew member has
types) left the employ of the operator
Route and Aerodrome Qualification Until 12 months after the flight crew member has
(Competence) Training left the employ of the operator
Dangerous Goods Training
Security Training
Proficiency and Qualification Until 12 months after the flight crew member has
Checks (all types) left the employ of the operator
4.3.3 Cabin Crew Records

Ground and Flight Training (all Until 12 months after the cabin crew member has
types) left the employ of the operator
Medical Certificate Until 12 months after the cabin crew member has

CHAPTER 4 P: 4-5
Until 12 months after the cabin crew member has

Qualification Checks
Security Training
Competency Checks
4.3.4 Records for Other Operations Personnel

Training /qualification of other
personnel for whom an approved Until 12 months after the employee has left the
training programme is required in employ of the operator
these regulations
License, if required, and medical Until 12 months after the employee has left the
certificate, if required employ of the operator
Proficiency or competency checks, Until 12 months after the employee has left the
if required employ of the operator

CHAPTER 4 P: 4-6
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-1
TRAINING PROGRAMMES SYLLABUS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
5 TRAINING PROGRAMMES SYLLABUS

5.1 INTRODUCTION TO JC AIRLINES
5.1.1 Objectives
The objective of the course is to familiarize pilots with the airline operator and approved
Type Rating Training Organisation - JC Airlines. After completion of this training the
participants will have a general picture of the Company, be familiarized with JC Airlines
organization and management structure, basic Company facilities, and be informed of
required JC Airlines documentation and how to obtain documents required for training.
5.1.2 Guidance Material
Briefing notes, OM Part A.
5.1.3 Target Group
Flight crew.
5.1.4 Training
Training is applicable for initial and conversion training.
Training is performed in a classroom as a theoretical lecture and a tour of the Company's

facilities.
Training language: English.
5.1.5 Minimum Qualification (Requirements)
As per OM Part D requirements – minimum pilot entry requirements to join JC Airlines.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-2
5.1.6 Syllabus and Content
The following items shall be addressed during Introduction to JC Airlines training:
Lesson Guide & References

Headquarters
JC Airlines – History and Today
Establishment of the Company
Flight Safety System Development
Services
Scheduled and Charter Flights
Training – Flight Crew
Operator's Training
Maintenance
Partners, Plans, Strategic Development and Future Goals
Company Structure
General Company Documentation
Quality Statement
Company information promulgation and dissemination
The Operator - AOC
The Fleet
Operator Documents
Introduction to Operations Manual Part A
Area of Operations
Route and Aerodrome Competence Qualification
JC Airlines Facilities Tour
As applicable, extended course may cover the following :
Aircraft Systems
Total Duration: 08:00

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-3
5.1.7 Duration
• 8 hrs (classroom);
• 2 hrs (Company Facilities Tour).
5.1.8 Instructors
GI, TRI.
5.1.9 Assessment
Not applicable.
5.1.10 Validity, Revalidation and Renewal
Introduction to JC Airlines is conducted during the conversion training and is not

associated with a time frame or period limitation.
5.1.11 Remarks
This training is conducted under the appointment of the Training Manager. Training is
performed in accordance with the syllabi and training standards established by the
Training Manager under the provisions of the OM Part D. Training diary and records and
all other training documents are retained and kept under the custody of Training
Department.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-4
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-5
5.2 COMPANY OPERATIONS PROCEDURES TRAINING

5.2.1 Objectives
This training is intended to provide the trained pilot with company specific procedures
and/or operating differences. After completion of this training the participants will be able to
understand delegation of duties and responsibilities within the Company, understand and
participate in operational control and supervision, be familiar with Company quality system,
understand crew composition, be familiar with qualifications requirements for flight and
cabin crew, understand crew health precautions and flight duty regulations, be able to
calculate personal limits, be familiar with Company operational policy (flight preparation,
ground handling, flight procedures, all weather operations, special operations). Additionally
they will understand dangerous goods regulations (if not reviewed in separate course), be
familiar with security procedures (if not reviewed in separate course), and understand
handling of accident and occurrences (if not reviewed in separate course). Expanded
Operations Procedures training should also cover aircraft upset prevention and recovery,
and aircraft performance / weight & balance / flight planning subjects.
OM Part A.
5.2.3 Target Group
Flight crew.
5.2.4 Training
Training is performed in a classroom.
As per OM Part D requirements - minimum pilot entry requirements to join JC Airlines.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-6
The following items shall be addressed during Company Operations Procedures training:
Ref. Lesson Guide & References

OM-A
1 Organisations and Responsibilities
1.1 Organisational Structure
1.2 Operations Management
1.3 Responsibilities and Duties of Operations Management Personnel
1.4 Authority, Duties and Responsibilities of the Commander (Pilot-In-Command)
1.5 Duties and Responsibilities of the First Officer
1.6 Duties and Responsibilities of the Safety Pilot
1.7 Duties and Responsibilities of the Company
1.9 Duties and Responsibilities of the Cabin Crew Members
1.10 Crew Regulations
2 Operational Control and Supervision

2.1 Supervision of the Operation by the Company
2.2 System of Promulgation of Additional Operational Instructions
2.3 Accident Prevention and Flight Safety Programme
2.4 Operational Control
2.5 Powers of Authority
3 Quality System
3.1 General
3.2 Quality Assurance Program
3.3 Monitoring and Corrective Action
4 Crew Composition
4.1 Flight Crew Composition
4.2 Cabin Crew Composition
4.3 Succession of Command
4.4 Summary – Crew Composition
5 Qualification Requirements
5.1 General
5.2 Flight Crew Qualification Requirements

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-7

OM-A
5.3 Cabin Crew Qualification Requirements
5.4 Other Operational Personnel
6 Crew Health Precautions

6.1 General Health Requirements
6.1.1 Illness or Incapacitation while on Duty
6.1.2 International Regulations
6.1.3 Quarantine Regulations
6.1.4 Medical Examination for Crew Members
6.1.5 Alcohol and other Intoxicating Liquor
6.1.6 Narcotics
6.1.7 Immunisation
6.1.8 Scuba Diving
6.1.9 Blood Donation
6.1.10 Meal Precautions
6.1.11 Sleep, Rest and Fatigue
6.1.12 Surgical Operations
6.1.13 Eye Protection
6.2 Cosmic Radiation
6.3 Tropical Medicine
6.4 In-Flight Medical Emergencies and Illness
6.5 Laser Beam Illumination
6.6 Fatigue Risk Management System
7 Flight Time Limitations

7.2 Responsibilities
7.4 Flight and Duty Time Limitations
7.5 Rest requirements
7.6 Extension of Flight Duty Period by In-Flight Relief
7.7 Exceedances of Flight and Duty Time Limitations
7.8 Standby
7.9 Nutrition
7.10 Flight Duty, Duty and Rest Period Records

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-8

OM-A
8 Operating Procedures
8.1 Flight Preparation Instructions
8.2 Ground Handling
8.3 Flight Procedures
8.4 All Weather Operations
8.5 Extended Range Operations for Two-Engine Aeroplanes
8.6 Use of the MEL and the CDL
8.7 Non-Revenue Flights – Procedures and Limitations
8.8 Oxygen Requirements
9 Dangerous Goods and Weapons

9.1 Transport of Dangerous Goods (Information & Instructions)
9.2 Carriage of Weapons, Munitions of War and Sporting Weapon
10 Security
10.1 General
10.1.1 Tokyo Convention
10.1.2 Customs and Immigration Regulations
10.1.3 Company Security Matters
10.2 Hijacking
10.3 Bomb Threat
11 Handling of Accidents and Occurrences

11.1 General
11.2 Definitions
11.3 Procedures Following an Accident or Serious Incident
11.4 Procedures for Verbal Notification to ATS Units of Incidents
11.5 Investigation of Accidents, Serious Incidents and Incidents
11.6 Occurrences Combined with the Carriage of Dangerous Goods
11.7 List of Mandatory Reportable Events
11.8 Forms
12 Rules of the Air

Presentation

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-9

13 Leasing
13.1 Terminology
13.2 Leasing of Aeroplanes between JC Airlines and any Entity
13.3 Leasing of Aeroplanes at Short Notice
Aerodrome Emergency Services

As applicable:
Aircraft Upset Prevention and Recovery
Aircraft Performance/Weight & Balance/Flight Planning
Exam
Total Duration: 08:00 + 02:00
5.2.7 Duration
• 8 hrs (classroom); expanded course: as per programme ;

• 2 hrs (exam).
5.2.8 Instructors
TRI.
5.2.9 Assessment
At the end of course written exam of 100 multiple choice questions is mandatory. Pass
rate is 80%. The examination will normally take 2 hours to complete.
Company Operations Procedures is conducted during the conversion training and is not
associated with a time frame or period limitation.
5.2.11 Remarks
all other training documents are retained and kept under the custody of Training
Department.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-10
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-11
5.3 PERFORMANCE / FLIGHT PLANNING / WEIGHT & BALANCE

5.3.1 Objectives
The objective of the course is to familiarize pilots with aircraft weight and balance
documents, performance and flight planning. After completion of this training the
participants will be able to understand structural aspects of aircraft loading, prepare a
correct loadsheet within the given time, calculate CG of a loaded aircraft, amend the
loadsheet in case of last minute changes, understand load control documents (Load &
Trim sheet / NOTOC), be familiar with the handling of special loads, understand the take-
off performance requirement and use of performance charts, understand the en-route
performance requirements and use of operational flight plan.
5.3.2 Guidance material
Getting to grips with Performance, OM Part A, FCOM, CBT.
5.3.3 Target Group
Flight crew.
5.3.4 Training

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-12
The following items shall be addressed during Performance / Flight Planning / Weight&
Balance course:
General Regulations
Designation and locations
Numbering of compartments
Designation of cabin, sections
Hold Limitations
Structural limitations
Linear and area load
Cumulative
Compartment
Panel limitations
Contact and point load
Aircraft Weights
Operating
Basic
Dry operating
Structural
Zero fuel
Landing
Take-off
Regulated
Load Planning
Loading instructions
Deviations/Report
Ground stability/Tipping
Special Cargo
Live animals (AVI)
Heavy items (HEA)

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-13
Human remains (HUM)

Load information codes
Load & Trim Sheet

Aircraft data
DOW/DOI
Aircraft structural weights
Standard weights
Standard passenger weights
Standard baggage weights
Standard crew weights
Passenger distribution
Manual seat allocation
Load& Trim sheet
Function of the Load& Trim Sheet
Computation of the passenger weights
Computation of the weights in holds
Graphic balance chart
Index computation
Passenger and load distribution
Balance computation
Last minute change (LMC)
Handling of Documents
Special load notification for Commander (NOTOC)
General declaration
Storage of load documents
Aeroplane Type Specific Instructions

Load limitations (forward, aft and bulk compartment)
Classification and features
Passenger cabin (versions, layout)
Aircraft weights
Maximum structural weights
Dry operating weights and indices

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-14
Ground stability
Weight & Balance calculation
Manual Load &Trim Sheet
Balance Chart
Aircraft Low Speed Performance

Operating Speeds
Calibrated Air Speed (CAS)
Indicated Air Speed (IAS)
True Air Speed (TAS)
Ground Speed (GS)
Mach Number
Maximum Speeds
Minimum Speeds
Minimum Control Speed on the Ground (VMCG)
Minimum Control Speed in the Air (VMCA)
Minimum Control Speed during Approach and Landing (VMCL)
Minimum Unstick Speed (VMU)
Stall Speed
Aircraft Weight Definitions
Fuel Definitions
Environmental Envelope
Engine Limitations
Thrust Settings and EGT Limitations
Take-off Thrust Limitations
Take-off Performance
Operational Take-off Speeds
Engine Failure Speed/Decision Speed (V1)
Rotation Speed (VR)
Take-off Climb Speed (V2)
Maximum Brake Energy Speed (VMBE)
Runway Limitations
Take-off Distance (TOD)
Take-off Run (TOR)
Accelerate-Stop Distance (ASD)

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-15
Influence of V1 on Accelerate-Go/Stop Distances

Available Take-off Lengths
Take-off Run Available (TORA)
Take-off Distance Available (TODA)
Accelerate-Stop Distance Available (ASDA)
Influence of V1 on the Runway – Limited Take-off Weight
Loss of Runway Length due to Alignment
Climb and Obstacle Limitations
Take-off Flight Path
Take-off Segments and Climb Requirements
Take-off Segments Characteristics
Obstacle Clearance
Gross and Net Take-off Flight Paths
Obstacle Clearance during Straight Take-off
Obstacle Clearance during Turn
External Conditions
Wind
Pressure Altitude
Temperature
Runway Slope
Runway Conditions
Take-off Optimizations
Individual Runway Take-off Weight Chart (IRT)
Sources of Airport Data
Engine-out SID (EOSID)
Regulatory Take-off Weight Chart (RTOW)
MTOW Determination
Wind Component Interpolation
En-Route Performance
Climb
Definitions
Rate of Climb
Influencing Parameters
Climb Management

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-16
Climb Speeds
Cabin Climb
Cruise
Airworthiness Requirements
Specific Range
Speed Optimization
Long Range Cruise
Economic Mach Number
Altitude Optimization
Operating Limitations
Step Climb
Descent
Definitions
Gradients
Thrust Setting
Descent Speeds
Cabin Descent
Landing
Landing distance Available (LDA)
Operating Landing Speeds
Actual Landing
Approach Climb
Landing Climb
Aircraft Configuration
Required Landing Distance
Go-around Requirements
In-flight Parameters
Holding
Holding Speed
En-Route Engine Failure
Drift Down Procedure
Gross Drift Down Flight Paths
Net Drift Down Flight Paths

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-17

Obstacle Clearance
Engine Failure in Climb
Engine Failure at Cruise Level
Diversion Airport
60 minutes Rule
Oxygen System Limitation
Performance Limitations
Minimum Flight Altitudes
Route Study
Flight Planning
Flight Planning Objectives
Role of Dispatcher (Flight Operations Officer)
Calculation of Operational Flight Plan (OFP)
Optimum Route
Optimum Altitude
Optimum Cruise
Minimum Cost Analysis
EZFW
Restricted Take-off Weight (RTOW)
Fuel and Cost Indices
Additional Flight Planning Considerations
Selection of Alternate Airports
NOTAMS
Fuel Reserve Policy and Application
ATC Flight Plan
Filing of ATC Flight Plan
Coordination with ATC
Repetitive Flight Plan
Aircraft Upset Recovery

Factors leading to an Upset Situation
Upset Situation Identification
Recovery Techniques
Aerodynamic Factors Present during the Upset and Recovery

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-18
5.3.7 Duration
• 08:00 hrs (classroom).
5.3.8 Instructors
Suitably qualified GI, TRI.
5.3.9 Assessment
Not applicable.
The validity of Performance / Flight Planning / Weight & Balance Course is not associated
with a time frame or period. Once obtained, the knowledge from the course will be
constantly used during the recurrent training and checking.
5.3.11 Remarks
Training Manager under the provisions of the OM Part D. Training diary, records and all
other training documents are retained and kept under the custody of Training Department.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-19
5.4 CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) TRAINING

5.4.1 Objectives
The objective of the course is to enhance the communication and management skills of
the crew members concerned by the effective utilisation of all available resources to
achieve a safe and efficient operation. JC Airlines must ensure that initial CRM training
addresses the nature of the operations of the Company concerned, as well as the
associated procedures and the culture of the company. This includes areas of operations
which produce particular difficulties or involve adverse climatic conditions and any unusual
hazards.
With recurrent training the additional objectives are to introduce and implement
coordination and cooperation among all crew members as with other personnel, to present
information on latest incident and accident occurrences in the Company and other airlines
and to recognise and handle different personalities and behaviour patterns among crew
members and among passengers. The emphasis is placed on the non-technical aspects of
crew performance.
Key points have been identified that need to be focused on in the Company's CRM
training:
• Lack of variety in destinations and type of operation may produce complacency;
• Frequent pairing of crews together may deter SOP adherence;
• Small management structure and close working environment.
Power point presentations, flip-charts, pre-prepared handouts.
5.4.3 Target Group
All operating staff - flight crew, cabin crew, operations personnel other than crew.
5.4.4 Training
Training is applicable for flight crew, cabin crew and operations personnel other than crew,
for initial, conversion, upgrade and recurrent training.
CRM training is conducted by means of both classroom training and practical exercises
including group discussions and accident and serious incident reviews to analyse
communication problems and instances or examples of a lack of information or crew
management. The nature of the course is interactive and discussion based. The trainees
are expected to contribute individually and in teams. They are encouraged to advocate
their own ideas and opinions.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-20
As per OM Part D requirements - minimum aircraft crew and other operations personnel
entry requirements to join JC Airlines.
The following items shall be addressed during Initial Crew Resource Management course:
SMS Training:
Human Error and Reliability, Error Chain, Prevention and Detection
Reason's »Swiss Cheese« Model of Human Error
The Error Chain
The Error Chain Elements
Detecting and Correcting Errors in Flight
Company Safety Culture, SOP, Organisational Factors

The Influence of National Culture on CRM
The Characteristics of Safety Culture
Developing a Safety Culture in an Airline
JC Airlines Air Safety Reporting Form – Meaning and Benefits
Meaning and Goals of SOP
Checklists
Briefings
Stress, Stress Management Fatigue and Vigilance

Time Zone Crossing, Dysrhythmia
Vigilance
Fitness and Health
Alcohol, Medications and Drugs
Hypoxia

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-21

Stressors and Managing of Stress
Fatigue
Information Acquisition and Processing, Situation Awareness, Workload

Management
Sensory System
Illusions
Human Causes of Error
Memory
Situational Awareness
Factors Impacting on Situational Awareness
How to Enhance Situational Awareness
Decision Making
Decision Making Process
Barriers to Good Decision Making
Hazardous Attitudes and Behaviour in Decision Making
Communication and Coordination Inside and Outside of Cockpit

Ways of Communication
Barriers to Communication
Cultural Barriers
Elements of Effective Communication
Communication and Synergy
Standard Communication Language
Leadership and Team Behaviour Synergy

Personalities and Behaviour
Cockpit Authority Gradient
Factors for Effective Authority and Leadership
Automation, Philosophy of the use of Automation, CFIT

General Design Consideration
Benefits and Deficiencies of Automation
Traps in Using Automation
CFIT – Definition

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-22

CFIT – Measures to Reduce Risk of Accident
Case based studies

Appropriate Worldwide Cases are used which point out specific error,
behaviour, omission or other errors, made by Crew, ATC or other participants
in commercial air traffic
With recurrent training, all subjects are covered in 3-year cycle. Case based studies are
not considered as independent chapter, but are incorporated in other chapters. The
following items shall be addressed during recurrent Crew Resource Management courses:
Year 1
Personality Awareness, Human Error and Reliability, Error Chain,

Prevention and Detection, Attitude and Behaviour, Self-Assessment,
Assertiveness, Cultural Differences
The Error Chain Elements
Detecting and Correcting Errors
Types of Attitude, their Benefits and Traps,
Attitude vs. Behaviour Relation
Developing of Self-Assessment and Assertiveness
Stress, Stress Management Fatigue and Vigilance

Stressors
How to Cope with Stress
Influence of Alcohol, Medications and Drugs on Health and Stress
Hypoxia
Importance of Vigilance for all Crew Members
How to Recognize Fatigue, Reasons for Fatigue
Identification and Management of the Passengers Human Factors:

Crowd Control, Passenger Stress, Conflict Management, Medical
Factors
How to Deal with Passengers in Emergency Situation

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-23

Dealing with Unruly Passengers
Reasons for Passenger Stress – How to Help Them
Conflict Management on Board - During Flight and on Ground
Resolving and Reaction on Medical Emergencies
Cultural Differences
Affection of Cultural Differences on Team-Crew Work
Cultural Differences as Reason for Conflict
Different Cultural Values and Habits
Different Political and Religious Beliefs
Case Based Studies

Proper cases are to be found and incorporated in above mentioned chapters
Year 2
Information Acquisition and Processing, Situational Awareness,

Workload Management
Human Sensory Systems
Illusions
Possible Errors during Acquisition and during Interpretation of Received
Information
Importance of Situational Awareness
How to Improve Ability of Situational Awareness
Company Safety Culture, SOP, Organisational Factors

What is and Who is Responsible for Safety Culture
The Influence of National Culture and Cultural Differences on Company
Safety
Incident Reporting System
SOP – Reasons for Introduction and Benefits
Checklists
Briefings – How to do it, When and Why
Specifics of different types of operation ( lease out, charters, etc )
Decision Making, Individual and Team Responsibilities

Decision Making vs. Risk Management

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-24

Barriers and Possible Omittions in Decision Making
Hazardous Attitudes and Behaviour
Demands of Team Work, Task Sharing, Personal and Team Responsibility
Participation in Cabin Safety Incident and Accident Reporting

Importance of Safety
Company's Incident Reporting System
How Incident Reports are Used
Case Based Studies

Year 3
Communication and Coordination Inside and Outside of Cockpit

Elements of Effective Communication
Communication and Synergy
Barriers to Effective Communication
Standard Communication and Callouts
Leadership and Team Behaviour Synergy, Cooperation and Delegation

Personalities and Behaviour
Flight/Cabin Crew Chain of Command
Cooperation and Delegation
Advantage and Disadvantage of Delegation
Specific Type Related Differences, Flight Crew and Cabin Crew

Composition
Communication on Aircraft
Differences in Flight/Cabin Crew Composition
Effective Communication and Coordination With Other Operational

Personnel and Ground Services
Who do we Cooperate With during Flight Duty
Barriers in Communication
Conflict Resolution

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-25

Standard Communication Language
Political / Religious Factors and Influences
Automation, Philosophy of the use of Automation, CFIT

Effects of Design
Traps in Using Automation
CFIT – Statistical Review
CFIT – Case Based Studies
Case Based Studies

Total Duration: 06:00 / recurrent yearly course
5.4.7 Duration
• 6 hrs (Initial CRM);

• 4 hrs (Recurrent yearly CRM).
5.4.8 Instructors
Suitably qualified GI.
5.4.9 Assessment
Not applicable.
The period of validity of a CRM recurrent training shall be 12 calendar months.
With recurrent training, all subjects are covered in a 3-year cycle.
5.4.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-26
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-27
5.5 SAFETY AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TRAINING

5.5.1 Objectives
The successful resolution of aeroplane emergencies requires interaction between flight

crew and cabin crew and emphasis should be placed on the importance of effective
coordination and two-way communication between all crew members in various
emergency situations. Main objectives are to familiarise (initial/conversion training) or
review (recurrent training) safety/emergency equipment installed on board the Company’s
fleet, its’ location and the relevant emergency procedures including communication and
crew resource management and crowd control.
After completion of this training the participants will be able to recognize and use
emergency equipment installed on Company's aircraft by recall, identify and follow all
emergency procedures, use proper communications, coordination and phraseology, follow
basics of the team work and coordination within the crew and comprehend the leadership
in emergency situations.
Safety and Emergency Procedures vs. Emergency and Safety Equipment = for the
purposes of JC Airlines documents both terms may be used interchangeably.
Cabin Crew Manual (CCM).
5.5.3 Target Group
Flight crew, cabin crew.
5.5.4 Training
Training is applicable for flight and cabin crew initial, conversion and recurrent training.
Safety and emergency procedures training must be completed before aeroplane training
commences.
Safety and emergency procedures training is performed in the classroom using portable
emergency equipment, OHP, slides, video presentations, whiteboard, flip charts,
workshop, touch drill techniques, self-presentation, and on the aircraft and mock-up
device. Refer to the syllabus for details on initial and recurrent training.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-28
As per OM Part D requirements - minimum aircraft crew entry requirements to join JC

Airlines.
The following items shall be addressed during initial safety and emergency procedures
training:
A320 Aircraft Relevant Systems Overview

Historical Overview
General Data – Airbus A320 – ATA Classification
A320 Aircraft
Cockpit
Main Deck
Flight Crew Seats
Cabin Crew Seats
Cabin Crew Stations
Galleys
Cabin Interior Layout
Lavatories
Doors and Exits
CIDS and Control Panels
Lightning
Air-Conditioning
Communications
Safety Equipment – Cabin and Cockpit
Seating Instructions & Configuration
Cabin Emergency Checklist
Weight & Balance
Emergency Equipment per Aircraft Type

Cabin Doors
Overwing Escape Hatches
Escape Ropes
Flight Deck Door and Window
CHAPTER 5 P: 5-29

Escape Slides
Fire Extinguisher
Toilet Fire Extinguishers
Crash Axe/Protective Gloves
Portable Breathing Equipment (PBE)
Smoke Hoods
Oxygen System Crew/Passengers
Portable Oxygen
Emergency Lights
Portable Torches
Megaphone
Life Jackets
First Aid Kit
Safety Procedures – Fire and Smoke Training

Responsibility of Cabin Crew to deal promptly with Emergencies involving Fire
and Smoke, and, in particular, identifying the actual Source of the Fire
Informing the Flight Crew immediately, as well as the Specific Actions
necessary for Coordination and Assistance, when Fire or Smoke is
discovered
Frequent Checking of potential fire risk areas including toilets and the
associated Smoke Detectors
The Classification of Fires and the appropriate Type of Extinguishing Agents
and Procedures for particular Fire Situations
The Techniques of Application of Extinguisher Agents, The Consequences of
misapplication, and of use in a Confined Space
The Techniques of application of Extinguisher Agents, The Consequences of
The General Procedures of ground-based Emergency Services at
Aerodromes
Practical Training: Real Fire Fighting, Fire-Fighting Equipment, Smoke
Training
Decompression
Emergency General
Prepared Emergency
Rejected Take-off
Unprepared Emergency
Emergency Procedures – Refuelling with Passengers
CHAPTER 5 P: 5-30

Additional Facts and Knowledge
Evacuation Technique
Emergency Procedures Scenarios
Practical Assessment
MCQ Test (Part 1) Making and Review
(Cabin) Crew Duties and Responsibilities (SOP)

Duties at Check-in
Emergency Briefing
In-flight duties Briefing
Duties before Boarding
Emergency Equipment Check
Duties during Boarding
Duties during Taxiing
Duties during Take-off
Duties during Flight
Duties during Descent / Approach
Duties before Landing
Duties after Landing
Duties during Transit Stop
Duties during Refuelling – Passengers on Board
Crew Change
Duties after completing Flight
Duties – different Working Positions
Survival Training
Survival Training-appropriate to the Areas of Operation (Jungle, Winter,
Desert, Water)
Post Evacuation Procedures (applicable to the Areas of Operation)
Cold Climate
Hot Climate
Search and Rescue Standards
Emergency Phases
Announcements (Normal and Emergency Situations)

Passenger Announcements – English Language
Passenger Announcements – Cambodian & Korean Language
CHAPTER 5 P: 5-31

Cabin Emergency Announcements – English Language
Cabin Emergency Announcements – Cambodian & Korean Language
Welcome Announcements
Safety Demonstration & Announcement
Announcements during the Flight
Announcements at the Destination
Transit Flight Announcements
A320 Aircraft Familiarisation - Practical

Review of Ground Preparation
Review of Aeroplane Doors
Review of Crew Seats and Stations
Safety Equipment Location
Review of Cabin and Cockpit Oxygen System
Operation of Cockpit Seats and Pilot Incapacitation-Practical
Assessments and MCQ Test (Part 2) - Marking and Review
Mock-up Training - Practical

Emergency Door Operation
Decompression Scenario
Prepared Cabin Emergency Evacuation – Land
Prepared Cabin Emergency Evacuation – Water
Slide Jump (Si and Slide, Dual Lane Evacuation)
Practical Fire Fighting
Water Evacuation
Swimming and Towing
Use and Actual Donning of Personal Flotation Devices in Water
Practise H.E.L.P.
Raft Boarding
Survival Techniques
Methods of Motivating Survivors
Total Duration: as per programme

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-32
Recurrent Training: An annual emergency and safety equipment theoretical training and
checking program addresses the location and use of all safety equipment carried and
should include the following, particular to all types or variants operated:

A320 and Emergency Procedures Review
Actual Donning of a Lifejacket where Fitted
Actual Donning of Protective Breathing Equipment
Actual Handling of Fire Extinguishers
Instruction on the Location and Use of all Emergency and Safety Equipment
Carried on the Aeroplane
Cabin Doors
Overwing Escape Hatches
Escape Ropes
Flight Deck Door and Window
Escape Slides
Fire Extinguisher
Toilet Fire Extinguishers
Crash Axe/Protective Gloves
Portable Breathing Equipment (PBE) and Smoke Hoods
Oxygen System Crew/Passengers
Portable Oxygen
Emergency Lights
Portable Torches
Megaphone
Life Jackets
First Aid Kit
Instruction on the Location and Use of all Types of Exits
Security Procedures
In addition to the above, CIC recurrent training shall include:

Planned Crash/Ditching
Unruly/Drunken Passengers
Crew Incapacitation
Emergency First Aid Cases
In-flight Cabin Fires
Ramp Safety

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-33
As part of the annual emergency survival test, cabin crew should show a satisfactory
knowledge of crowd control techniques, and if applicable, their role in the event of pilot
incapacitation.
Each crew member shall receive required recurrent training in aeroplane or representative
training device (mock-up device) within a period of 24 months – alternating between
aeroplane and mock-up training on 12 month basis. The following training syllabus shall be
observed:

Operation of Cockpit Seats and Pilot Incapacitation-Practical
Assessments
Mock-up Training - Practical

Prepared Cabin Emergency Evacuation – Land
Prepared Cabin Emergency Evacuation – Water
Slide Jump (Si and Slide, Dual Lane Evacuation)
Water Evacuation
Swimming and Towing

Practise H.E.L.P.
Raft Boarding

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-34
5.5.7 Duration
Cabin crew initial training: 58 hrs + 6 hrs (aircraft familiarization) + 6 hrs (mock-up training)
Flight crew initial training: 16 hrs + 6 hrs (aircraft familiarization) + 6 hrs (mock-up training)
Cabin crew recurrent training: 4 hrs + 6 hrs (aircraft familiarization or mock-up training)
Flight crew recurrent training: 4 hrs + 6 hrs (aircraft familiarization or mock-up training)
Note: Additional time should be allocated for CIC recurrent trainings because of additional
training subjects.
Written exams: Initial – 01.30 hrs, recurrent 01.00 hrs.
5.5.8 Instructors
CCI or suitably qualified GI.
5.5.9 Assessment
Completion of all trainings and passing written tests (exams). For initial training, 50
questions related to aircraft type (if different versions are used of the same aircraft type,
the questions should be equally divided among them) and 50 questions related to general
emergency procedures. For recurrent training, 20 questions related to aircraft type (if
different versions are used of the same aircraft type, the questions should be equally
divided among them) and 30 questions related to general emergency procedures.
Successful passing rate is 80%.
The period of validity of an annual safety and emergency procedures training/check shall
be 12 months.
The period of validity of a biannual safety and emergency procedures training/check shall
be 24 months.
5.5.11 Remarks
other training documents are retained and kept under custody of Training Department.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-35
5.6 FIRST AID TRAINING

5.6.1 Objectives
The objective of the course is to provide general first aid training on the following subjects:
instruction on medical aspects and first aid, first-aid kits, their contents and emergency
medical equipment, life-threatening medical emergencies, cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR), management of injuries and illnesses, travel health and hygiene, the use of
appropriate aeroplane equipment including first aid kits and first aid oxygen and
regulations, guidance on the avoidance of food poisoning (with emphasis on the choice of
a pre-flight meal and the importance of the Commander and first officer eating different
food at different times during the flight, especially on long sectors), the possible dangers
associated with the contamination of the skin or eyes by aviation fuel and other fluids and
their immediate treatment, the recognition and treatment of hypoxia and hyperventilation,
first aid associated with survival training appropriate to the route operated (e.g. polar,
desert or jungle).
OM Part A, power point presentations, flip-charts, pre-prepared handouts.
5.6.3 Target Group
Cabin crew.
5.6.4 Training
Training is applicable for cabin crew initial and recurrent training.
Training is performed in a classroom as a theoretical lecture with practical exercises.
As per OM Part D requirements - minimum cabin crew entry requirements to join JC

Airlines.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-36
The following items shall be addressed during First Aid Training:
Physiology of Flight (Altitude physiology)

Changes in Atmospheric Pressure
Relative Hypoxia
Trapped Gas
Decompression Sickness
Cabin Depressurisation
Hyperventilation
Cabin Environment and Cabin Air Quality
Dehydration
Infections
Vibrations
Cosmic Radiation
The Physiological effects of Flying and with particular emphasis on Hypoxia
Hypoxia
Transport of Oxygen in Human Body
Atmosphere, Air Pressure
Types of Hypoxia
Signs of Hypoxia
Medical Treatment of Hypoxia
First aid during Hypoxia on Aeroplane
Medical Emergencies in Aviation

Asthma
Choking
Heart Attacks
Stress Reactions and Allergic reactions
Shock
Stroke
Epilepsy
Diabetes
Air Sickness

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-37

Hyperventilation
Gastro-intestinal Disturbances
Emergency Childbirth
Practical Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Basic First Aid and Survival Training

The Unconsciousness and the Unconscious
Burns
Wounds
Fractures and Soft Tissue Injuries
Problem Recognition and Management
Assessing a Casualty
Life Saving Procedures (Choking, CPR - Recovery Position)
Medical problems
The Unconscious
Suspected Communicable Diseases
Respiratory Disorders (Asthma, Hyperventilation, Chronic Lung Diseases,
Persistent Coughing)
Cardiovascular Disorders (Angina, Heart Attack, Shock, Deep Vein
Thrombosis)
Abdominal problems (Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Pain, Heartburn, Bleeding)
Nervous System Disorders (Headache, Seizure, Stroke)
Ear, Nose and Throat problems such as Barotraumas (body damage caused
by pressurisation differences) and/or Epistaxis (nose bleed)
Behavioural / psychological Disorders (Panic attack, Alcohol Intoxication,
Irrational Behaviour)
Other Problems (Diabetes, Allergic Reaction, Pregnancy related)
Trauma
Wounds and Bleeding (practical training)
Burns
Head and Neck Injury
Eye Injury
Muscular-skeletal Injury
Chest and Abdominal Injury

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-38

Travel health and hygiene
The Risk of contact with Infectious Diseases
Protection against Infectious Diseases
Immunization
Fatigue Management
Hygiene on Board
Personal Safety (e.g. use of alcohol, other drugs, traffic safety)
Death on Board
Handling of Clinical waste
Aeroplane Disinfection
Alertness Management, Physiological Effects of Fatigue, Sleep Physiology,
Circadian Rhythm and Time Zone Changes
Circadian Rhythm and Jet Leg
The use of appropriate Aeroplane Equipment including First Aid Kits

and First Aid Oxygen
First-aid associated with Survival Training and appropriate Hygiene
Regulations
First Aid Training and Equipment
Reporting of Communicable diseases
Aeroplane Disinfection (application of insecticide – if applicable)
Biohazard Waste Disposal (if applicable)
Procedures and resources

Seeking Medical Advice (on ground and/or in-flight)
Medical Equipment (e.g. First Aid Kit, Oxygen)
Death on Board
Documentation to be completed
Commander Notification and Communication

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-39
5.6.7 Duration
• 36 hrs (classroom) for initial training + 30 questions (01:00 hrs) + practical

assessment (half day);
• 12 hrs (classroom) for recurrent training + 15 questions (00.30 hrs) + practical
assessment (half day).
5.6.8 Instructors/Examiners
5.6.9 Assessment
Practical and written test assessment.
The period of validity of the first aid training shall be 12 months.
5.6.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-40
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-41
5.7 SECURITY TRAINING

5.7.1 Objectives
The State Secretariat of Civil Aviation (SSCA) requires that JC Airlines shall establish,
maintain and conduct approved training programmes which enable crew members to take
appropriate action to prevent acts of unlawful interference, such as sabotage or unlawful
seizure of aeroplanes and to minimise the consequences of such events, should they
occur.
Additionally the Company shall ensure that all appropriate personnel are familiar, and
comply, with the relevant requirements of the national security programmes of the
Kingdom of Cambodia.
Security Manual, ICAO DOC 9811, “Manual of the implementation of the Security
provisions of Annex 6”, ECAC DOC 30 part “Training for Cockpit and Cabin crew”.
5.7.3 Target Group
Flight crew, cabin crew (and other operations personnel – as applicable).
5.7.4 Training
Training is applicable for flight crew and cabin crew initial, conversion and recurrent
training. Security training may be integrated with Emergency and Safety Equipment
Training.
As per OM Part D requirements - minimum aircraft crew (and other operations personnel,
as applicable) entry requirements to join JC Airlines.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-42
At least the following items shall be addressed during Initial Aviation Security Training:
The Objectives and Organization of Aviation Security

The Threat to Aviation Security
The Treat Assessment Process
Overview of the JC Airlines Security Program
Crisis Management in JC Airlines
Security Checks and use of Security Checklists
Security of the Flight Deck - Flight Deck Procedures to Protect the Aeroplane
Aircraft Search Procedures and Guidance on Least-Risk Bomb Locations
Determination of the Seriousness of any Occurrence – Positive Target
Identification
Crew Communication and Coordination
Terrorists Behaviour Understanding
Appropriate Self-defence Responses
Use of Non-Lethal Protective Devices assigned to Crew Members whose use
is authorised by the SSCA
Sabotage
Hijacking and Unlawful Interference
Understanding of behaviour of terrorists so as to facilitate the ability of crew
members to cope with hijacker behaviour and passenger responses
Potentially Disruptive Passengers
Recognition of Firearms, Explosives and Incendiary Devices and their
Components
Discreet Communication to Flight Crew by Cabin Crew in the event of
Suspicious Activity or Security Breaches in the Passenger Cabin
Procedures in Relation to the Flight Crew Compartment Access and Exit
Procedures in relation to a Bomb Threat or Warning, when the Aircraft is on
the ground or in flight
Live Situational Training Exercises regarding Various Threat Conditions
Post-flight Concerns for the Crew
Exam

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-43
At least the following items shall be addressed during Recurrent/Refresher Aviation

Security Training:
Current Threat Assessment

Review of Recent Incidents: Lessons to be Learned
Government Advice
Reminders of Company Emergency Procedures, Manual Amendments, etc.
Update of Initial Training Course, as appropriate
Exam
5.7.7 Duration
• Initial: 06:00 hrs (classroom) + 01:00 hr (written test);

• Recurrent: 04:00 hrs (classroom) + 01:00 hr (written test);
5.7.9 Assessment
Completion of relevant test (exam). Successful passing rate is 80%.
Recurrent aviation security training shall be conducted for all crew members and all
operational ground personnel once every two years.
5.7.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-44
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-45
5.8 DANGEROUS GOODS TRAINING

5.8.1 Objectives
The scope of the this course is to explain legal and operational requirements and
limitations related to dangerous goods air transport as laid down in OM Part A Chapter 9.
Course is performed by authorised ground instructor in accordance with the syllabus. The
training must be to a depth sufficient to ensure that awareness is gained of the hazards
associated with dangerous goods and all related dangerous goods procedures, as per
training specification.
OM Part A, IATA Dangerous Goods Manual, power point presentation, handouts.
5.8.3 Target Group
Flight crew, cabin crew, flight operations officers/flight dispatchers, loadmasters, load
planners, passenger handling staff, security staff employed by the operator who deal with
the screening of passengers and their baggage, staff who are engaged in general cargo
and baggage handling.
5.8.4 Training
Training is applicable for initial, conversion and recurrent training.
As per OM Part D requirements - – minimum applicable entry requirements to join JC

Airlines.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-46
Operators not holding a permanent approval to carry dangerous goods shall ensure that
staff who are engaged in general cargo and baggage handling have received training to
carry out their duties in respect of dangerous goods. As a minimum, this training must
cover the areas listed below and the depth of training must be sufficient to ensure
awareness and knowledge of the hazards associated with dangerous goods, identification
of dangerous goods and requirements for the carriage of dangerous goods by passengers.
General Philosophy
Limitations
Labelling and Marking
Dangerous Goods Transport Document and other relevant

Documentation
Recognition of Undeclared Dangerous Goods
Provisions for Passengers and Crew
Emergency Procedures
Exam

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-47
Operators not holding a permanent approval to carry dangerous goods shall ensure that
crew members, loadmasters, load planners, flight operations officers/flight dispatchers,
passenger handling staff, and security staff employed by the operator who deal with the
screening of passengers and their baggage, have received training which, as a minimum,
must cover the areas listed below. The depth of training must be sufficient to ensure
awareness and knowledge of the hazards associated with dangerous goods, identification
of dangerous goods and requirements for the carriage of dangerous goods by passengers.
General Philosophy
Limitations
Labelling and Marking
Recognition of Undeclared Dangerous Goods
Provisions for Passengers and Crew
Exam
5.8.7 Duration
• Initial: 06:00 hrs (classroom) + 01:00 hrs (written test – 20 questions).

• Recurrent: 04:00 hrs (classroom) + 01:00 hrs (written test – 20 questions).

Note: Instructors delivering initial and recurrent dangerous goods training programmes
must at least every 24 months deliver such courses, or in the absence of this,
attend recurrent training.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-48
5.8.9 Assessment
This training should include establishing, by means of a written examination covering all
the areas of the training programme, that a required minimum level of knowledge has been
acquired. Hence all personnel who receive training shall undertake a test to verify
understanding of their responsibilities. Successful passing rate is 80%.
The period of validity of Dangerous Goods Training is 12 months for cabin crew and 24
months for flight crew and other operations personnel.
5.8.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-49
5.9 ROUTE AND AERODROME COMPETENCE QUALIFICATION

TRAINING
5.9.1 Objectives
JC Airlines shall ensure that prior to being assigned as a Commander or as a pilot to

whom the conduct of the flight may be delegated by the Commander, the pilot has
obtained adequate knowledge of the route to be flown and of the airports, including
destination and alternates, facilities and procedures to be used. Additionally to familiarize
flight crew members entering service with JC Airlines with Company's area of operation, a
review of the applicable parts of OM Part C and Route Manual (General Part) will be
performed.
OM Part C, aeronautical charts (as applicable).
5.9.3 Target Group
Flight crew.
5.9.4 Training
Training is performed as a self-study or in a classroom and/or simulator and/or aircraft.
Depending on the complexity of the route and/or aerodrome, as assessed by the

Company, the following methods of familiarization should be used:
• For less complex routes and/or aerodromes
Familiarization by self-briefing with the route and/or aerodrome documentation.
• For more complex routes and/or aerodromes
In-flight familiarization as a Commander under supervision, First Officer, observer,
or
Familiarization in an approved flight simulator using a data base appropriate to the
routes/aerodromes concerned.
This training is applicable for pilots who meet the requirements for Pilot-In-Command.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-50
The following items shall be addressed during Route and Aerodrome Competence
Qualification course:
Route Competence
Terrain and minimum safe altitudes
Seasonal meteorological conditions
Meteorological, communication and air traffic facilities, services and
procedures
Search and rescue procedures
Drift-down procedures (where applicable)
Navigational facilities associated with the route along which the flight will take
place
Communication Failure Procedures
Aerodrome Competence
Airport Briefings
Special Airport Limitations
Communication Failure Procedures
Review of the Charts (as required)
Review of Engine-Out SID (EOSID)
5.9.7 Duration
• As applicable for simulator / aircraft training.
5.9.8 Instructors
LTC, TRI, as applicable.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-51
5.9.9 Assessment
A flight crew member undergoing Route and Aerodrome Competence qualification training
must reach the level of proficiency to perform his duties on an aeroplane safely at all
times.
Route and aerodrome competence qualification shall be revalidated by operating on the

route or to the airport within the period of validity.
If revalidated within the final 3 calendar months of validity of previous route and aerodrome
competence qualification, the period of validity shall extend 12 calendar months from the
expiry date of that previous qualification.
5.9.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-52
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-53
5.10 KNOWLEDGE TEST FOR LICENCE VALIDATION

5.10.1 Objectives
The applicants for the validation certificate shall demonstrate or provide evidence to the
satisfaction of the SSCA that the knowledge relevant to the licence to be validated have
been met for the following subjects: Air Law, Meteorology, Operational Procedures and
Communications.
Training shall be completed according to syllabus. Checking shell be performed under the
supervision of Authority (SSCA).
5.10.2 Guidance material
OM Part A, AIP (Kingdom of Cambodia), EASA ATPL questionnaire database.
5.10.3 Target Group
Flight crew.
5.10.4 Training
Training is performed as self-study.
As per OM Part D requirements - minimum pilot entry requirements with foreign pilot
license to join JC Airlines.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-54
The following subjects shall be checked during Knowledge Test for Licence Validation:
Air Law
Meteorology
Operational Procedures
Communications
Total Duration: Not defined – self-study. Exam (under the authority of SSCA)
5.10.7 Duration
• Self-study; 3 hrs (exam).
5.10.8 Instructors
Not applicable – self-study.
5.10.9 Assessment
Completion of the knowledge test for licence validation is under the authority of SSCA.
Validity of the validation is maximum 6 months or less, depending on the expiry dates of
original licence, rating(s) and medical certificate. If validation has expired for more than 6
month, new knowledge test for licence validation shall be passed.
5.10.11 Remarks
This examination is conducted under the authority of the SSCA.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-55
5.11 COLD/ADVERSE WEATHER OPERATIONS

5.11.1 Objectives
The objective of this course is to familiarize pilots with cold, hot and adverse weather
operations. After completion of this training the participants will be able to understand de-
/anti-icing policies and procedures, contaminated runway operations, cold weather
operations, thunderstorm avoidance, hot weather operations, windshear avoidance and
recovery, and operations near/in volcanic ash.
OM Part A, OM Part C, FCOM. The Company has referred to the guidance material in
FAA Advisory Circular AC 120 - 60B and ICAO Document 9640 (Manual of Aircraft Ground
De-icing / Anti-icing Operations), in addition to regulatory guidance published by the
Authority.
5.11.3 Target Group
Flight crew.
5.11.4 Training
Training is performed as self-study and in a classroom.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-56
The following items shall be addressed during Cold/Adverse Weather Operations training
(for recurrent training elements covering Operations near/in volcanic ash are not required):
Cold Weather Operations

General
Aerodynamics effects of wing contamination
Types of icing
Contamination removal and protection
De-icing
Anti-icing
Mechanical removal of loose contamination
Aircraft de-icing/anti-icing fluids
One-step de-icing/anti-icing
Two-step de-icing/anti-icing
Post de-icing check
Hold over time
Pre-flight procedures
Flight procedures
Engine start
Taxi-out and take-off
Climb, cruise and approach
Landing, taxi-in and parking
Contaminated Runway Operations

General
Definitions of runway conditions
Dry runway
Wet runway
Contaminated runway
Limitations and recommendations
Aquaplaning
Take-off from wet or contaminated runway
Approach and landing
Crosswind landings

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-57

Use of reverse thrust
Reporting of braking conditions
Matrix
Thunderstorm Avoidance
Thunderstorm classification
Use of weather radar
Hazards encountered in and near thunderstorms
Windshear
Turbulence
Heavy rain and hail
Lightning
Icing
Effects on altimeters
Guidelines for operations in turbulence, windshear and near thunderstorms
Hot Weather Operations

Company policy and procedures
Associated effects
Additional limitations and requirements
Windshear Avoidance and Recovery

Company policies and procedures
Specific handling techniques
Meteorological phenomena associated with windshear
Operations near/in Volcanic Ash

Volcanic ash clouds
Detection, hazards and effects
Recommended procedures
Meteorological reporting of volcanic activity
Exam

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-58
5.11.7 Duration
• Self-study and/or 6 hrs (classroom);

• 1 hrs (exam).
5.11.8 Instructors
5.11.9 Assessment
Completion of a written test (exam). Successful passing rate is 80%.
The period of validity of the adverse/cold weather operations recurrent training and
checking shall be 12 months.
5.11.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-59
5.12 RVSM TRAINING

5.12.1 Objectives
The objective of the course is to familiarize pilots with the concept of Reduced Vertical
Separation Minima (RVSM). Pilots shall receive appropriate training, briefings and
guidance material about the operation in RVSM airspace, including normal and
contingency procedures. Specific procedures applicable to China RVSM airspace shall
also be covered.
After completion of this training the participants will be able to understand principles when
operating in RVSM, normal, abnormal and contingency procedures, equipment
requirements and approved procedures for navigational equipment failure(s) when
operating in RVSM. They will know the information required in the ICAO international flight
plan to indicate RVSM capability and authorization and be able to use the standard
terminology for radio calls in RVSM airspace.
OM Part A, OM Part C, FCOM, ICAO Doc 7030, IFALPA China RVSM Briefing Leaflet,
classroom briefing power point presentation.
5.12.3 Target Group
Flight crew.
5.12.4 Training
Training is performed as self-study and in a classroom.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-60
The following items shall be addressed during RVSM training:
Definition of RVSM concept

RVSM Flight Levels
RVSM Operating Areas
Qualifying for RVSM
Standard R/T used in RVSM Airspace
International RVSM Contingency Procedures
RVSM Operating Best Practices
Proper cross checking of compliances with ATC clearances
Divergence in Primary Altimetry System Indications
Filing Flight Plan about RVSM capability
Characteristics of Aircraft Altitude Capture Systems
Special RVSM Considerations
Use of ACAS (TCAS) in RVSM airspace
Effect of Severe Turbulence or Mountain Wave Activity
Effect of Wake Turbulence
Flight Planning Procedures
Pre-flight Procedures
Procedures Prior to RVSM Airspace Entry
In-flight Procedures
Contingency procedures after entering RVSM airspace
Procedures following the loss of RVSM capability
Post Flight Procedures
Consequences of Altitude-Keeping Errors
China RVSM Airspace and Specific Procedures
Total Duration: Self-study + 03:00 + 01:00

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-61
5.12.7 Duration
• Self-study;
• 03:00 hrs (classroom) + 01:00 hrs (exam).
5.12.8 Instructors
5.12.9 Assessment
RVSM qualification is not associated with a time frame or period. Participation in the
recurrent training and checking program maintains continuous validity.
5.12.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-62
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-63
5.13 PBN TRAINING

5.13.1 Objectives
The objective of the course is to familiarize pilots with Area Navigation (RNAV),
Performance Based Navigation (PBN) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP), with
an overview of general RNAV concepts and procedures.
Pilots shall receive appropriate training, briefings and guidance material in the operation of
RNAV-based departure, enroute, arrival and approach (optional) procedures, which should
cover normal and contingency procedures. Wherever practicable, standard training events
should include departures and arrivals using the RNAV based procedures.
After completion of this training the participants will be able to understand PBN, RNP and
RNAV principles, normal, abnormal and contingency procedures, equipment requirements
and approved procedures for navigational equipment failure(s) when operating in RNAV.
They will know the information required in the ICAO international flight plan to indicate
RNAV capability and authorization and be able to use the standard terminology for radio
calls in an RNAV environment, especially for RNAV-unique procedures.
RNAV Training Manual, classroom briefing power point presentation, OM Part A, OM Part
B, OM Part C, FCOM, all other relevant (supplementary) manuals and documents.
5.13.3 Target Group
Flight crew.
5.13.4 Training
Training is applicable for initial/conversion training.
Obtained knowledge is used in the simulator and on aeroplane (line training).

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-64
The following items shall be addressed during PBN training:
Theory of PBN and RNAV

Aircraft Certification for PBN
Operational Authorization for PBN/RNAV/RNP
Limitations of PBN
PBN/RNAV/RNP Definitions
RNAV 10
RNAV 5
RNAV 2
RNAV 1 and RNP-1
RNP APPCH and RNP AR APPCH
Equipment Requirements
Position Error
Charting
RNAV Waypoints
RNAV Path Terminator Concepts
Fly-by and Fly-over Waypoints
Retrieving a Procedure from the Database
Verification (accuracy check) and Sensor Management
Tactically Modifying the Flight Plan
Addressing Discontinuities
Entering Associated Data
Flying RNAV Procedures
Terrain Clearance in RNAV
Use of Lateral Navigation Mode and Associated Lateral Control Techniques
Use of Automatic Pilot, Flight Director and Auto-Thrust at Different Stages of
the Procedure
R/T Phraseology for RNAV
Flight Plan Information
The Implications for RNAV operations of System Malfunctions which are not
RNAV Related
Operations manual information and procedures
Incident Reporting

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-65
Exam
The following procedures, detailed in OM Part A should be reinforced during simulator and
line training:
Pre-flight Planning Procedures

Departure Procedures
Arrival Procedures
Approach and Missed Approach Procedures (optional)
Contingency Procedures
R/T Phraseology for RNAV
5.13.7 Duration
• 04:00 hrs (classroom) + 01:00 hrs (written test).
5.13.9 Assessment
Wherever practicable, standard training events (simulator checks/proficiency checks)

should include arrivals and departures using the RNAV-based procedures; qualification
standards are defined in the OM Part D.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-66
PBN qualification is not associated with a time frame or period. Following initial training,
participation in the recurrent training and checking program maintains continuous validity.
RNP operations are included in the recurrent training and checking program.
5.13.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-67
5.14 ALL WEATHER OPERATIONS TRAINING
Reserved.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-68
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-69
5.15 AIRBORNE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (ACAS) TRAINING

5.15.1 Objectives
Adequate training must be given before pilots fly an ACAS equipped aircraft, to ensure that
appropriate action is taken on receiving Traffic Advisory’s and Resolution Advisory’s. The
flight crew must obtain a sound understanding of equipment operation capabilities and
limitations, and the procedures to be used in response to any advisory information
generated. The TCAS/ACAS initial training program shall include ground training/checking
on duties and responsibilities related to TCAS/ACAS alerting equipment as well as training
and checking on procedures of the proper response to TCAS/ACAS alerts. Practical
training in the simulator program will include at least one ACAS training event (encounter)
practiced in every simulator training session (recurrent training OPC/PPC). Training will
emphasize proper interpretation of ACAS symbology, look out techniques, timely and
smooth execution of the ACAS commands and ATC information/coordination.
Note: For the purposes of this document the terms Airborne Collision Avoidance System
(ACAS) vs. Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) may be used interchangeably.
OM Part A, OM Part B, FCOM, FAA AC 120-55B.
5.15.3 Target Group
Flight crew.
5.15.4 Training
Training is applicable for initial and conversion training. Recurrent TCAS simulator training
should be incorporated as an element of routine pilot proficiency training/checking.
Training is performed in a classroom and/or simulator.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-70
Initial and Conversion Training:

While previously qualified flight crew only need to complete training on new, revised or
emphasised items, the following items should be addressed during first time ground
training:
General Concepts of TCAS Operation

The meaning of TAs versus RAs
Increase, Reversal, Crossing RAs
ACAS II Assured Separation from Mode C Equipped Aircraft
System Detection of multiple Aircraft
TCAS to TCAS Coordination
The Potential Impact of not following RAs
TCAS Surveillance Range versus Display Range
When an Intruder will not be Displayed
ACAS on Ground Performance
The Continued Applicability of the See-and-Avoid Concept
The Detection and Protection provided by TCAS against Altitude Reporting
and Non-altitude Reporting Intruders
Expected Flight Crew Response and Level of Protection provided by

TCAS
TCAS General Limitation
ATC Communication and Coordination

ATC Clearance Compliance
Descriptions of onboard Equipment and associated Controls,

Information Displays and Audio and Visual Indications
Interfaces and Compatibility with Other Aircraft Systems
Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) Information
MEL Operating Provisions

Abnormal or Fault Conditions

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-71
Appropriate Pilot Response to TCAS TAs and RAs
The Company's TCAS Event Reporting Policies for Flight Crew
Simulator Training
Simulator training must provide pilots the opportunity to demonstrate TCAS proficiency in
procedures to properly respond to TCAS alerts. TCAS skills (manoeuvres) must be
evaluated by an instructor for first-time TCAS qualification in each aircraft type. This
evaluation shall be accomplished by an instructor in a qualified simulator approved for
each manoeuvre.
Simulator (manoeuvre) training should include:
Appropriate Pilot Responses to TCAS TAs and RAs

Response to TAs
Corrective RAs
Initial Preventive RAs
Maintain Rate RAs
Altitude Crossing RAs
Increase Rate RAs
RA Reversals
Weakening RAs
Multi Aircraft Encounters
Abnormal or Fault Conditions
Proper Communication with ATC

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-72
Recurrent Training: Recurrent training should address new, revised or emphasised items
from initial training. TCAS recurrent training should be integrated into and/or conducted in
conjunction with other established recurrent training programs. Recurrent training for
TCAS shall include flight manoeuvres and should address any significant issues identified
by line operating experience, system changes, procedural changes, or unique
characteristics such as the introduction of new aircraft/display systems or operations in
airspace where high numbers of Traffic Advisories (TA) and Resolution Advisories (RA)
have been reported.
Recurrent TCAS qualification will be accomplished during recurrent simulator

training/checking.
5.15.7 Duration
• 04:00 hrs (classroom);

• According to the syllabi (simulator training).
5.15.8 Instructors
Simulator Instructors (SFI), TRI.
5.15.9 Assessment
For ground school TCAS knowledge shall be evaluated with written or computer-based
instructional tests. Combinations of these methods may be used if the required body of
knowledge is completely covered. For any of these methods, a passing grade of 80% must
be achieved. First-time qualification in any type aeroplane must include evaluation of all
knowledge areas.
Individual crewmember TCAS knowledge and skills must be evaluated prior to TCAS use.
Acceptable means of initial assessment include the evaluation by an authorized instructor
or examiner using written or computer-based tests, and a simulator capable of depicting
traffic encounters.
Recurrent TCAS checking should be incorporated as an element of routine pilot

proficiency training/checking.
TCAS qualification is not associated with a time frame or period. Participation in the
recurrent training and checking program maintains continuous validity.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-73
5.15.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-74
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-75
5.16 EFB TRAINING
Reserved.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-76
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-77
5.17 PILOT TRANSIT CHECK (EXTERIOR WALKAROUND) TRAINING

5.17.1 Objectives
The objective of this training is to train pilots to be able to perform Pilot Transit Check
(aircraft exterior walkaround) procedure. Pilots shall receive appropriate training, briefings
and guidance material about performing pilot transit check and supervising
refuelling/defuelling.
After completion of this training the participants will be able to observe the condition of the
aircraft during exterior inspections to make sure there is no impact damage, fluid leakage,
missing or loose parts, missing overpressure discharge discs, obstruction of inlets/outlets
and probes/ports, which may have occurred during the last flight cycle, checking the
condition of the engines and the need for aircraft to be de-iced/anti-iced where snow or ice
conditions exist. Participants will be able to supervise refuelling/defuelling in accordance
with OM Part A and recognize the need for proper drainage of the aircraft water system
when conditions warrant that.
OM Part A, FCOM, FCTM.
5.17.3 Target Group
Flight crew.
5.17.4 Training
Applicable for initial, conversion and recurrent training.
Training is performed in a classroom and on the aircraft.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-78
The following items shall be addressed during Pilot Transit Check training:
Exterior Walkaround
Tire Wear and Damage Recognition
Aircraft Conditions requiring Maintenance Action
Procedure to contact authorized Maintenance Personnel
Technical Log – filing by the Commander
Refuelling Procedures
Defuelling Procedures
Drainage of the Aircraft Water System
Aircraft Exterior Check for Ice and Snow
5.17.7 Duration
• 2 hrs (aircraft).
5.17.8 Instructors
Suitably qualified GI, LTC, TRI.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-79
5.17.9 Assessment
Not applicable.
Pilot Transit Check qualification is associated with a time frame or period (1 year).
Participation in the recurrent training and checking program renews validity further (1
year).
5.17.11 Remarks
This training is conducted under the appointment of the Training Manager and
Maintenance Manager. Training is performed in accordance with the syllabi and training
standards established by the Training Manager under the provisions of the OM Part D.
Training diary, records and all other training documents are retained and kept under the
custody of Training Department.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-80
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-81
5.18 DIFFERENCES AND FAMILIARIZATION TRAINING

5.18.1 Objectives
The objective of this course is presentation of differences and familiarization of flight crews
(and flight dispatchers) with different aeroplane types or variants, as applicable, used in JC
Airlines flight operations.
FCOM, FCTM, QRH, CBT.
5.18.3 Target Group
Flight crew, flight operations officers/flight dispatchers.
5.18.4 Training
For the A320 family aeroplanes, the differences/familiarization training can be adequately
addressed through aided instruction such as slide/tape presentation, computer based
instruction which may be interactive, video or classroom instruction. Ground training
includes classroom presentation and may be supported by CBT difference programme.
Aircraft visit is also part of the differences training for flight crew. No synthetic flight training
is demanded or proposed by Airbus for pilots following this course.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-82
The following items shall be addressed during A320 family aircraft flight crew differences
and familiarization training:

Comparison of the General Characteristics of the Difference Aeroplane with
the Base Aeroplane:
General Dimensions and Aeroplane Design
Systems Difference
Cabin Layout
Engines Presentation
Limitations / Flight Envelope
Low Visibility Operations
FMS1 to FMS2, if applicable
Operational Differences encompassing Normal, Abnormal and Emergency
Situations
Aircraft Visit
Total Duration: 03:00 + 02:00 + 01:00
The operator shall provide aircraft differences training for flight operations officers when
the operator has aircraft variances within the same type of aircraft, which should include at
least the following:

Operations Procedures:
Operations under adverse weather phenomena conditions, including clear air

turbulence, windshear, and thunderstorms
Weight and balance computations and load control procedures
Aircraft performance computations, to include take-off weight limitations
based on departure runway, arrival runway, and en route limitations, and also
engine-out limitations
Flight planning procedures, to include route selection, flight time, and fuel
requirements analysis
Dispatch release preparation
Crew briefings
Flight monitoring procedures
Flight crew response to various emergency situations, including the
assistance the aircraft flight operations officer can provide in each situation

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-83

MEL and CDL procedures
Manual performance of required procedures in case of the loss of automation
capabilities
Training in appropriate geographic areas, as applicable
ATC and instrument procedures, to include ground hold and central flow
control procedures, as applicable
Radio/telephone procedures
Emergency Procedures:
Actions taken to aid the flight crew
AOC holder and Authority notification
5.18.7 Duration
• Flight crew: 03:00 hrs (classroom) + 02:00 (aircraft visit) + 01:00 hrs (written test).
• Flight dispatchers: 04:00 hrs (classroom) + 01:00 hrs (written test);
5.18.8 Instructors
TRI, LTC, CCI, as applicable.
5.18.9 Assessment
For initial differences training a completion of a specific written test (exam) is required.
Recurrent differences training is not required but differences should be covered by yearly
recurrent aircraft system examination / safety and emergency procedures training, as
applicable. Successful passing rate is 80%.
Not applicable.
5.18.11 Remarks
CHAPTER 5 P: 5-84

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-85
5.19 QUALIFICATION FOR CAPTAIN TO OPERATE IN THE RIGHT-

HAND SEAT
5.19.1 Objectives
The objective of this course is the assessment of the ability of Captain to operate the
aircraft in normal, abnormal and emergency operations from the right hand seat, to
standards in accordance with JC Airlines SOP and meeting the relevant standards of
accuracy. After completion of this training the participant will be able to operate the aircraft
from the right-hand seat (Right Hand Seat Qualification).
OM Part A, OM Part C, FCOM, QRH.
5.19.3 Target Group
Flight crew – captains.
5.19.4 Training
Training is applicable for initial and recurrent training.
Training is performed in a simulator.
As per OM Part D requirements – captains, who were recommended by the LTC and TRI,
and approved by the Training Manager.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-86
The following items shall be addressed during training for captains to operate in the right-
hand seat:
The Captain under training shall act as PF from the right-hand seat
during the following exercises:
Take-off - engine failure between V1 and V2
Approach (precision/non-precision) and go-around - engine inoperative
Landing - engine inoperative
The Captain under training shall act as PNF from the right-hand seat
during the following exercises:
Preparation procedures and checklists
Starting engines
Before take-off procedures and checklists
Approach, landing, after landing procedures and checklists
Low Visibility Take-Off (as applicable)
Category II approach and go-around (as applicable)
Category II approach and landing (as applicable)
Total Duration: 01:30 / (or as required to complete all exercises)
5.19.7 Duration
• 1,5 hrs (simulator).
5.19.8 Instructors
TRI.
5.19.9 Assessment
A Captain (Pilot-In-Command) undergoing qualification training to operate in the right hand

seat must reach the level of proficiency to perform his duties on an aeroplane safely at all
times from right hand seat.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-87
Captains assigned to operate in the right-hand seat shall be checked on the practice of
drills and procedures from both pilots' seats concurrent with their Operator Proficiency
Check.
5.19.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-88
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-89
5.20 CRUISE RELIEF CAPTAIN TRAINING
Reserved.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-90
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-91
5.21 COMMAND UPGRADE COURSE

5.21.1 Objectives
The objective of this course is to prepare the suitable first officers to safely, knowledgeably
and effectively command A320 aircraft at type rating proficiency from left-hand seat
according to JC Airlines task sharing philosophy.
OM Part A, OM Part B, FCOM, FCTM, AFM, MEL, QRH.
5.21.3 Target Group
Flight crew - first officers who have been selected for upgrade to Commanders.
5.21.4 Training
Training is applicable for upgrade training.
Training is performed in a classroom, simulator and on the aircraft.
As per OM Part D requirements: Co-pilot (first officer) shall have Airline Transport Pilot
Licence, a minimum of 4000 hours total flying time on a multi-engine aircraft with a MTOW
≥ 20.000 kg, and a minimum of 1500 hours on the aeroplane type, on which upgrading will
be conducted.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-92
The following items shall be addressed during ground training for upgrading to
Commanders:
Aircraft General
Air Conditioning, Pressurization, Ventilation
Auto Flight
EIS – EFIS
EIS – ECAM
Communications
Pneumatic
Cabin Presentation
Navigation
Electrical
Fire Protection
Ice & Rain Protection
Hydraulic
Landing Gear
Flight Controls
Fuel
Oxygen
Lights
Indicating & Recording System
Doors
Power Plant
Exam

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-93
Command Course CRM

Human Error and Human Reliability
Situation Awareness
Pilot´s mental Abilities and Limitations
Alertness
Managing Interruptions and Distractions
Workload Management
Chain of Command
Role of the Commander
Management of the Crew
Communication in the Cockpit
Leadership
Cooperation within the Crew
Decision making in the Cockpit
Human Factors and CRM aspects in Incidents / Accidents
Effective Pilot - ATC Communications
Proper use and limitation of Automation
Commanders Responsibilities
Authority, Duties and Responsibilities of a Commander
Crew Composition/Designation of Aircraft Commander
Qualification and Recency Requirements
Crew Health Precautions
Flight Time Limitations Scheme
Operating Procedures, including All Weather Operations
Carriage of Dangerous Goods
Security Procedures
Technical Fault reporting, Correct use of Aircraft Technical Log (ATL) and a
General Review of Technical Logistical Procedures
Responsibilities and Procedures in case of technical malfunction at line
stations
Passenger Claims, Passenger Complaints
Quality System and Quality Assurance Programme
Overflight permits, Rotations, Scheduling and Long Term Planning
Coordination and Communication
Flight Operations - Flight Planning and Fuel Policy

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-94

Responsibilities of other Crew members
Accident and Incident Handling
Management of Abnormal and Emergency Situations – Decision Making
Standard Operating Procedures

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-95
Simulator training shall consist of the following sessions:
FFS 1
A320 Command Upgrade FFS 1
Session Objective • The first session of the simulator training is designed

as introduction to handling the aircraft from the left
hand seat (LHS). A strong emphasis is placed on
manual handling skill throughout this session which
covers both precision and non-precision approaches,
including circling manoeuvres. Windshear, (E)GPWS
and TCAS items are also covered.
Training Topics • ILS Approach

• Go around procedure
• Non Precision Approach
• Circling Approach and Landing
• Taking Control (Balked Landing)
• Crosswind take-off and landing technique
• EGPWS & TCAS
• Windshear
Exercises / References:
EXERCISES FCOM QRH FCTM

PRO-NOR-SOP-18
PRECISION APPROACH NP NO.110
PRO-NOR-SRP-01FMS-70
PRO-NOR-SOP-19
NON-PRECISION APPROACH NP NO.120
PRO-NOR-SRP-01FMS-70
DSC-34-70
(E)GPWS ABN-34.04
PRO-ABN-34
PRO-NOR-SOP-20
CIRCLING NO.130
PRO-NOR-SRP-01-70
LANDING WITH CROSSWIND PRO-NOR-SOP-22
DSC-34-60-30
WINDSHEAR
PRO-ABN-80
PRO-ABN-34
TCAS ABN-34.06 SI.060
PRO-SUP-34
180° TURN ON RWY PRO-NOR-SOP-10
G/S FROM ABOVE PRO-NOR-SOP-18

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-96
Session Support • FCOM, QRH, FCTM.
Session Proficiency • Apply good crew coordination and task sharing.

Requirement • Proper use of automation.
• Confirm the ability to:
- Handle the aircraft safely.
- Perform ILS RAW DATA.
- Perform Non-Precision approaches and circling.
Course: Command Upgrade / FFS 1
Name:
Instructor:
Place & Date:
TAKE-OFF DATA
AIRCRAFT STATUS
FPLN PAGE PERF PAGE
(DMI)
ORIGIN VDPP CRZ ALT FL140
DEST VDSR FUEL 8.0 T
ALTN VDPP MACZFW/ZFW 33.0/54.0

SPECIAL AND/OR
FLT NO JC355 TOW 61.8 T NOTAMS
DEP/ARR PAGE MACTOW
RWY 23 TOGA
SID MADAM1 FLEX
FLAPS SPEEDS
WEATHER: VDPP 300/9 6000 OVC006 28/24 Q1010 MOD WINDSHEAR

VDSR 240/6 9000 SCT017 28/24 Q1010

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-97
Session Guide FFS 1
EVENTS AP FD ATH FPA
INIT: VDPP / ON STAND
1 - COCKPIT PREPARATION/BRIEFING
2 - ENGINE START (WITH EXTERNAL PNEUMATIC
PWR)
3 – TAXI-OUT
4 - 180° TURN ON RUNWAY
5 - TAKE-OFF RWY23  
6 - MADAM1 DEPARTURE MAINTAIN RH & 2000 FT   
7 - GPWS
8 - TCAS
9 - ILS 23 RAW DATA (INTERCEPTION FROM ABOVE) 
10 - SHORT FINAL RWY BLOCKED - G/A  
11 - ENG FAIL AT FINAL MISSED APP  
12 - RADAR VECTOR VOR 23 OEI   
13 - LANDING RWY 23
REPOSITION: VDPP RWY 05, MADAM1, 6000 FT
14 - CROSSWIND TAKE-OFF / WINDSHEAR AFTER V1  

15 - PROCEDURE TURN 10 NM   
16 - LOC 23   
17 - CIRCLE TO LAND RWY 05  
18 - BALKED LANDING / G/A AND JOIN LEFT TRFC
PATTERN RWY 05
 
19 - CROSSWIND LANDING RWY 05  
REPOSITION: VDPP 05, MADAM1, 6000 FT
20 - TAKE-OFF RWY 23 MADAM1 / CLIMB 6000FT  

21 - TCAS EXCERCISE  
22 - 45 DEGREES BANK LEFT AND RIGHT
CHAPTER 5 P: 5-98
23 - ILS 23 INTERCEPTION FROM ABOVE 

24 - ILS RAW DATA 
25 - DISCONTINUED APPROACH AT 1000 FEET
26 - JOIN LEFT DOWNWIND 23 VISUALLY  
27 - VISUAL APPROACH RWY 23  
28 - RWY 23 CROSSWIND LANDING  
REPOSITION: VDPP 05, MADAM1, 6000 FEET
29 - CROSSWIND TAKE-OFF 23  
30 - MICROBUST AFTER V2  
31 - RADAR VECTOR / MAINTAIN 6000 FT  
32 - ALTN LAW – STALL RECOVERY EXERCISE 
33 - NORMAL LAW / VOR 23 
34 - LANDING RWY 23

REPOSITION: LONG FINAL VDPP RWY 23
35 - ILS RAW DATA 23

36 - CROSSWIND LANDING VDPP 23
37 - LOSS OF BRAKING
REPOSITION: LONG FINAL VDPP RWY 23
38 - VISUAL APPROACH RWY 23

39 - CIRCLING RWY 05
40 - LANDING RWY 05
41 - AFTER LANDING / TAXI-IN
41 - PARKING / ENG SHUT DOWN / CHL
ADDITIONAL EXERCISES – TIME PERMITTING:

MANUAL FLYING – PRECISION, NON-PRECISION APP
CROSSWIND LANDINGS

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-99
Session Objective • The second session is designed as an introduction to

single engine handling from the left hand seat (LHS). It
covers both precision and non-precision approaches.
Some additional failures are covered which serve as an
introduction to the basic principles of failure
management and decision making.
Training Topics • Engine failure & relight

• Emergency descent
• Emergency electric configuration
• One engine approaches and landings
• Rejected take-off
• Emergency evacuation
• Overweight landing
• F/CTL reconfiguration laws

PRO-ABN-10
ENGINE FAIL ABN-70 AO.020
PRO-ABN-80
ENGINE RELIGHT PRO-ABN-70 ABN-70
EMERGENCY DESCENT PRO-ABN-80 ABN-80.05 AO.090
EMER ELEC CONFIG PRO-ABN-24 ABN-24.01 AO.024

PRO-ABN-70
DUAL ENG FAILURE ABN-70 AO.070
PRO-ABN-80
REJECTED TAKE-OFF PRO-ABN-10 AO.020
EMERGENCY EVACUATION PRO-ABN-90 ABN-80.C2 AO.020
OVERWEIGHT LANDING PRO-ABN-80 ABN-80.06 AO.090
F/CTL ALTN & DIRECT LAW PRO-ABN-27 OP.020
UPSET RECOVERY TRAINING

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-100
Session Proficiency • Ability to perform a take-off with one engine out.

Requirement • Acceptable engine out procedure knowledge.
• Ability to perform rejected take-off.
• Ability to perform single engine operations.
• Ability to perform emergency descent.
Name:
Instructor:
Place & Date:
TAKE-OFF DATA
AIRCRAFT STATUS
FPLN PAGE PERF PAGE
(DMI)
ORIGIN VTBS CRZ ALT FL160
DEST VDPP FUEL 8.0 T
ALTN VDSR ZFWCG/ZFW 33.0/54.0

SPECIAL AND/OR
DEP/ARR PAGE MACTOW VDPP RWY23 GP U/S
RWY 19R TOGA
SID GORSI 1G FLEX
FLAPS SPEEDS
WEATHER: VTBS 260/15 3000 FU BR BKN007 34/30 Q1010

VDPP 070/11 2000 OVC006 30/26 Q1010

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-101
Session Guide FFS 2
INIT: VTBS STAND F6
1 - COCKPIT PREPARATION
2 - ENGINE START (MANUAL ENG START)
3 - TAXI-OUT
4 - TAKE-OFF RWY 19R (GORSI 1G, 6000 FT)   
5 - ENG FAILURE V2 (NO DAMAGE)   
6 - ENG RELIGHT - SUCCESSFUL   
7 - RADAR VECTOR ILS 19R   
8 - NO VISUAL – G/A   
9 - ENGINE FAILURE WITH DAMAGE IN G/A   
10 - VOR 19R 
11 - LANDING RWY 19R
REPOSITION: VTBS 19R, GORSI 1G, 6000 FT
12 - TAKE-OFF 19R
13 - REJECTED TAKE-OFF BELOW V1 ( ENG FAIL)
14 - TAKE-OFF 19R
15 - REJECTED TAKE-OFF LOW SPEED ( ENG FAIL)

MTOW = 77.000KG
16 - TAKE-OFF 19R
17 - ENGINE FAILURE WITH DAMAGE AFTER V2   
18 - ILS 19R / OVERWEIGHT LANDING

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-102
REPOSITION: FL350 (NORMAL WEIGHT)

19 - UPSET RECOVERY TRAINING 
20 - CABIN DECOMPRESSION / EM DESCENT   
21 - AT 10.000 FT - EM ELEC CONF 
22 - EM ELEC RETURN VTBS VIS 8KM SCT010 OVC020 
23 - ILS VTBS RWY19R
24 - LANDING 19R
REPOSITION: FL350
25 - DUAL ENGINE FAILURE   

26 - EMERG DESCENT 
27 - AT FL 200 – ONE ENG RESTART SUCESSFUL 
28 - ILS VTBS RWY19R OEI 
29 - LANDING 19R
30 - TAKE-OFF RWY 19R

31 - EGINE1 FIRE (UNEXTINGUISHABLE)   
32 - IMMEDIATE RETURN VTBS 19R   
33 - LOC 19R OEI   
34 - LANDING 19R
35 - ON GROUND EMERGENCY EVACUATION
REPEAT EXERCISES AS NECESSARY

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-103
FFS 3
Session Objective • The third session has a strong emphasis on

development of failure management skills involving
more complex failures. Crew cooperation and workload
management skills are an integral part of the exercises.
A refresher of single engine profiles may also be
included.
Training Topics • Dual RA fault

• Stall recovery
• FCU fault
• Abnormal Slats / Flaps
• Pilot incapacitation
DUAL RA FAULT PRO-ABN-34 AO.034
SMOKE PROC & REMOVAL PRO-ABN-26 ABN-26 AO.026
STALL RECOVERY PRO-ABN-27 ABN

PRO-ABN-22
FCU FAULT
PRO-SUP-24
ABNORMAL SLATS / FLAPS PRO-ABN-27 ABN-27.01 AO.027
LANDING WITH SLATS OR
PRO-ABN-10 ABN-27.01 AO.027
FLAPS JAMMED
INCAPACITATION PRO-ABN-80 A0.090

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-104
Session Proficiency • Ability to handle the aircraft in Alternate and Direct

Requirement Law.
• Ability to perform SMOKE / TOXIC FUMES REMOVAL
procedure.
• Apply good crew coordination and task sharing during
abnormal operations.
• Ability to handle the aircraft with Abnormal & No Slats /
No Flaps for landing.
• Ability to recognize and react to cases of pilot
incapacitation.
Name:
Instructor:
Place & Date:
TAKE-OFF DATA
AIRCRAFT STATUS
FPLN PAGE PERF PAGE
(DMI)
ORIGIN VDPP CRZ ALT FL160 34-40-03A RA2 FAULT

SPECIAL AND/OR
DEP/ARR PAGE MACTOW
RWY 23 TOGA
SID MADAM1 FLEX
FLAPS SPEEDS
WEATHER: VDPP 280/15G20 8000 OVC007 32/26 Q1010

VDSR 240/6 8000 OVC006 33/26 Q1010

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-105
Session Guide FFS 3
INIT: VDPP RWY23
1 - TRANSIT COCKPIT PREPARATION

2 - QUICK ENGINE START
3 - TAXI-OUT (BRAKES SYSTEM1 FAULT)
4 - TAKE-OFF / MADAM1 DEPARTURE CLIMB FL120   
5 - RA1 FAILURE   
6 - FL120 / APPROACH TO STALL AND RECOVERY
7 - ENGINE FAILURE
8 - ILS RAW DATA RWY23 OEI / LANDING
REPOSITION: VDPP RWY23
9 - TAKE-OFF MADAM1 DEPARTURE FL120   

10 - DURING CLIMB SMOKE IN THE COCKPIT(AVIONIC
SMOKE)
  
11 - SMOKE REMOVAL PROCEDURE   
12 - AFTER SMOKE REMOVAL   
13 - ILS VDPP23   
14 - LANDING RWY 23
REPOSITION: VDPP RWY23
15 - TAKE-OFF MADAM1 DEPARTURE FL120

16 - WHEN FLAPS 0 (SLATS FAULT – DUAL CHANNEL)
17 - CB IN VICINITY (AVOIDING)
18 - HOLDING
19 - ILS 23
20 - LANDING WITHOUT FLAPS/SLATS ABNORMAL 

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-106
REPOSITION: VDPP RWY23, MADAM1, CLIMB FL120
21 - TAKE-OFF RWY 23
22 - FCU FAILURE (BOTH CHANNELS)
23 - ONE ENGINE FAILURE 
24 - ILS23 RAW DATA 
25 - CROSSWIND LANDING RWY 23
REPOSITION: VDPP RWY23, MADAM1, CLIMB FL120
26 - TAKE-OFF RWY 19R

27 - CM2 INCAPACITATION AT 100 KTS
28 - REJECTED TAKE-OFF
REPOSITION: FL350
29 - CRUISING FL350   
30 - ENGINE FAILURE FL350   
31 - DRIFTDOWN PROCEDURE
32 - VOR 23 OEI
33 - CROSSWIND LANDING 23
IF TIME PERMITS:
28 - VISUAL TRAFFIC PATTERNS 2 ENG / OEI  

29 - REPEAT EXERCISES BY CHOICE OF INSTR OR
TRAINEE

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-107
FFS 4
Session Objective • The fourth session continues with strong emphasis on

development of failure management skills involving
complex failures. Crew cooperation and workload
management skills are an integral part of the exercises.
Training Topics • Dual hydraulic failure (G+B, G+Y)

• Unreliable speed
• Dual ADR fault
• IR discrepancy
DUAL HYDRAULIC FAILURE PRO-ABN-29 ABN-29 AO.029
UNRELIABLE SPEED PRO-ABN-34 ABN-24.07 AO.034
DUAL ADR FAULT PRO-ABN-34 AO.034
IR DISCREPANCY PRO-ABN-34 AO.034

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-108
Session Proficiency • Ability to perform DUAL HYDRAULIC FAILURE

Requirement procedure and landing.
• Ability to perform abnormal procedures.
• Good knowledge and understanding of unreliable
speed indication event and satisfactory procedure
application.
• The applicant has achieved all necessary skills and
abilities in terms of receiving the assessment status
"Ready for Skill test".
Name:
Instructor:
Place & Date:
TAKE-OFF DATA
AIRCRAFT STATUS
FPLN PAGE PERF PAGE
(DMI)
ORIGIN VTBS CRZ ALT FL240 34-10-06 IR3 FAULT

SPECIAL AND/OR
DEP/ARR PAGE MACTOW
RWY 19R TOGA
SID GORSI 1G FLEX
FLAPS SPEEDS
WEATHER: VTBS 250/10 6000 BKN012 32/25 Q1010 RWY WET

VDSR 240/6 8000 OVC006 30/24 Q1010

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-109
Session Guide FFS 4
INIT: VTBS RWY19R (RWY WET, CROSSWIND 36 KTS)
1 - TRANSIT COCKPIT PREPARATION

2 - ENGINE START (START VALVE MANUAL OPS)
3 - TAXI-OUT
4 - TAKE-OFF RWY23 – ENG FAIL BEFORE V1
5 - REJECTED TAKE-OFF
REPOSITION: RWY19R, GORSI1G, CLIMB 6000FT
6 - TAKE-OFF / CLIMB 12000FT COSMO1B   

7 - CROSSING 2000FT GREEN HYD RSVR LOW
QUANTITY
  
8 - CROSSING 6000FT BLUE HYD RSVR OVER HEAT 
9 - DUAL HYDRAULIC FAILURE (G+Y) 
10 - RADAR VECTOR ILS19R 
11 - LANDING RWY23
12 - TAKE-OFF 19R   
13 - CROSSING 3000FT ADR2 FAULT   
14 - CROSSING 4000FT ADR3 PITOT BLOCKED   
15 - ADR 2+3 FAULT (OR ADR 1+2+3 FAULT)
16 - UNRELIABLE SPEED PROCEDURE
17 - RADAR VECTOR RWY19R
18 - APPROACH PREPARATION
19 - ILS19R
20 - LANDING RWY19R

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-110
21 - TAKE-OFF RWY19R   
22 - CROSSING 3000FT IR1 FAULT   
23 - CROSSING 5500FT IR3 FAULT
24 - ECAM ACTION / TROUBLESHOOTING
25 - ILS19R
26 - LANDING RWY19R
27 - TAKE-OFF RWY19R   
28 - PASSING 3000FT – DOUBLE FMGC FAULT   
29 - STBY-NAV TUNING
30 - LOC19R
31 - LANDING RWY19R
REPOSITION: RWY19R, CAVOK
32 - TAKE-OFF RWY19R
33 - ENGINE2 FIRE AT V2 (UNEXTINGUISHABLE)
34 - IMMEDIATE VISUAL RETURN VTBS
35 - VISUAL LANDING
36 - ON GROUND EMERGENCY EVACUATION
TIME PERMITTING:
REPEAT EXERCISES (ENG FAIL, OEI APPROACHES..)
PLACE AND DATE ________________________________________________________
READY FOR SKILL TEST: YES NO
INSTRUCTOR ______________________ TRAINEE _________________________

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-111
FFS 5
A320 Command Upgrade FFS 5 SKILL TEST
Session Objective • Determine whether, by practical demonstration, the

applicant has reached the required level of knowledge
and skill for the nomination as Commander on A320
aircraft.
• Conduct a LOFT flight in a realistic environment.
• Improve the standards of instruction and training by
feedback of those exercises and procedures, which are
commonly failed.
• Ensure that safety standards are maintained and
where possible improved, throughout the aviation
industry by requiring the application of good judgment,
discipline and the application of appropriate behaviours
and task sharing.
Training Topics -
Session Proficiency • As per JC Airlines OM Part D.

Requirement • The trainee must demonstrate his capacity to:
- Operate the aircraft safely and efficiently in a
high workload environment - safety should never
be compromised.
- Deal with emergency / abnormal situations.
- Maintain an efficient CRM in difficult situations.
• Trainee must demonstrate a good knowledge of the
following points:
- JC Airlines SOP.
- Task sharing.
- Callouts.
- Aircraft systems and performances.
• Rules of the air and ATC phraseology.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-112
Course: Command Upgrade / FFS 5 – SKILL TEST
Name:
Instructor:
Place & Date:
TAKE-OFF DATA
AIRCRAFT STATUS
FPLN PAGE PERF PAGE
(DMI)
ORIGIN VTBD CRZ ALT FL320
DEST VYYY FUEL 8.0 T
ALTN VTBS MACZFW/ZFW 33.0/59.0

SPECIAL AND/OR
DEP/ARR PAGE MACTOW VTBS 19R CLSD
RWY 21L/R TOGA VTBD 21R CLSD
SID TARED FLEX VTBD ILS 21L U/S
FLAPS SPEEDS
WEATHER: VTBD 29016KT 3000 BKN006TCU 29/25 Q1007 TEMPO 28020G28KT

WS ALL RWY
VTBS 24012G20KT 190V270 3000 TS BKN005CB 30/26 Q1007 RWY
WET TEMPO +TSRA 26030G45KT 1500 WS ALL RWY
VYYY 27020KT 5000 OVC010CB 30/23 Q1009 CB E, SE, NE, S OF
AERODROME TEMPO 29020G35KT +TSGR 1000
VTCC 24015G20KT 1200 BKN005CB 29/25 Q1009 RWY 5MM WATER
BA – MEDIUM TEMPO +TSRA 800 25020G30KT WS ALL RWY
PLACE AND DATE ________________________________________________________
RESULT OF SKILL TEST: PASS FAIL
INSTRUCTOR ______________________ TRAINEE _________________________

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-113
Base (flight) training:
A minimum of 4 landings – touch and go's, performed from the LHS (left hand seat), of
which one should be full stop landing.
Base (flight) training may be substituted by applicable training in an approved simulator.
The following describes the Line Flying under Supervision training requirements for
Command upgrade line training:
Type Minimum Sectors Trainer

Line Flying under Supervision 10* LTC, TRI
Line Flying under Supervision 10* LTC, TRI (on observer seat)
Line Evaluation Check 2 TRE
Note*: 10 sectors or 30 hrs, whichever is greater, are applicable as minimum values.
5.21.7 Duration
• 12:00 + 02:00 hrs technical ground training with exam;

• 12:00 hrs CRM ground training;
• 20:00 hrs (5 x 04:00 hrs) simulator training;
• 4 landings - touch & go's (base training or appropriate training in simulator);
• 20 sectors line training;
• 2 sectors line check.
5.21.8 Instructors
LTC, TRI, TRE.
5.21.9 Assessment
Written exam covers technical system part of ground training. At the end of simulator
training simulator assessment session is conducted followed by base training. Line check
represents the end of line training and the whole course.
Participation in the recurrent training and checking program maintains continuous validity.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-114
5.21.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-115
5.22 LINE TRAINING CAPTAIN QUALIFICATION TRAINING
Reserved.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-116
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-117
5.23 BASE (FLIGHT) TRAINING
5.23.1 Objectives
Aircraft base (flight) training objective is intended to confirm the "transfer of knowledge"
from the FFS to the aircraft. Additionally it gives the trainee the opportunity to experience
for the first time the real aircraft behaviour in basic manoeuvres such as landing, flare,
derotation, etc.
QRH, FCOM, FCTM.
5.23.3 Target Group
Flight crew in training process.
5.23.4 Training
Training is performed on the aircraft. Pre-flight briefing is conducted on ground

(classroom...).
As per OM Part D requirements. Prerequisites required to be part of the flight crew and to
gain access to the cockpit are defined in the OM Part A.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-118

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-119
5.23.7 Duration
• 2 hrs (briefing - classroom);

• Take-offs and landings (according to programme requirements).
5.23.8 Instructors
TRI, TRE.
5.23.9 Assessment
A trainee must reach the level of proficiency to perform all his duties on an aeroplane
safely at all times, including Pilot Flying (PF) duties during take-off and landing.
Not applicable.
5.23.11 Remarks
Base training flights must be conducted in accordance with JC Airlines training regulations
(refer to OM Part A and OM Part D). Training flights at Phnom Penh or other designated
airport will be conducted under the direct authority of the Training Manager. The
Operations Department will be responsible for the organization, documentation and
coordination of the flight training. Flight instructors will observe the Company rules
regarding the conduct of the Base (Flight) Training.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-120
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-121
5.24 FAMILIARISATION (OBSERVATION) FLIGHTS TRAINING

5.24.1 Objectives
The objective of familiarisation flights is to introduce the trainee flight crew member to line
flying and to prepare him for the line flying under supervision for the intended flight
operations. After completing observation flights the trainee flight crew member will be
familiarized with the standard company flight working process and procedures, crew
coordination procedure, flight preparation, cockpit procedures, exterior walk around, flight
execution and the post-flight procedures. He shall receive acceptable knowledge of cabin
equipment and its usage, be able to program the FMGS and understand the procedures,
indications and announcements.
QRH, FCOM, FCTM.
5.24.3 Target Group
5.24.4 Training
Training is performed on the aircraft.
As per OM Part D requirements. Prerequisites required to be part of the flight crew and to
gain access to the cockpit are defined in the OM Part A.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-122
The following items shall be addressed during familiarisation flights:
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

Flight Preparation
Cockpit Procedures
FMGS Preparation
FMGS Operation
Exterior Walk Around
Flight Execution
Crew Coordination Procedure
Familiarization with the Routes and Aerodromes
Flight Deck – Cabin Communication
Post-flight Procedures
Total Duration: as per course requirements
5.24.7 Duration
4 sectors (or as required).
5.24.8 Instructors
LTC, TRI.
5.24.9 Assessment
Not applicable.
Not applicable.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-123
5.24.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-124
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-125
5.25 LINE FLYING UNDER SUPERVISION TRAINING

5.25.1 Objectives
The objective of this training is to allow the flight crew members to gain sufficient line flying
experience for the intended flight operations and to prepare the pilots to successfully pass
the Company's line check.
The conversion syllabus should provide for all pilots, after completion of simulator and/or
base training and initial tests, to operate a minimum number of sectors and/or flying hours
under supervision.
The under supervision period should not be used for the completion of the basic
conversion syllabus. Its purpose is twofold. Firstly, it will enable the newly converted pilot
to settle down to his duties on the new type in the company of an experienced and
qualified pilot specially designated for the purpose, and to turn to him for advice if
necessary. Secondly, it will enable the training staff to assess and verify the adequacy of
the conversion training, and to ensure that proper operating standards are achieved at the
outset, in the course of normal and varied operations.
In JC Airlines a “Line Flying under Supervision" means:

• For a Commander (Pilot-in-Command): Flying with an experienced pilot, qualified to
act as the aircraft Pilot-in-Command and specially designated by the operator to act
as a supervising pilot, who should occupy the seat and perform the duties of a first
officer;
• For a first officer:
designated for the purpose, occupying the Pilot-in-Command's seat;
designated for the purpose, occupying the Pilot-in-Command's seat and a
supervisory first officer specially designated for the purpose, occupying an
additional crew seat in the flight deck.
Note: Training Manager will decide for first officer line flying under supervision whether
supervisory first officer is required or not, based on the type of training and
experience of the first officer on line flying under supervision.
On completion of the sectors under supervision a line check should be administered.
flying training of a conversion course. This is accomplished under the supervision of a

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-126
efficient flight conducted within the tasks of his crew member station and in compliance
with the procedures as published in the appropriate manuals and documents.
QRH, FCOM, MEL, AFM, Operations Manuals, FCTM, aeronautical charts, checklist.
5.25.3 Target Group
5.25.4 Training
Training is performed on the aircraft.
Prerequisites and qualification standards are defined in the OM Part D – as per minimum
pilot requirements to join JC Airlines.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-127
The following items shall be addressed during line flying under supervision:
Dispatch
General introduction to Flight Dispatch (Crew Scheduling, Flight Services and
Flight Control Centre, Logistics Control)
Location of various documents, e.g. Manuals, Documents, Charts etc.
ATC flight plan, NOTAMS, weather reports, etc.
Fuel calculations
Format of flight plan, contents, etc.
.
Pre-flight Preparation
Verification of the aircraft status, Deferred Maintenance Items List, Aircraft
Technical Log (ATL)
Location and usage of other documents e.g. MEL, Operations Manuals
Checking of Loadsheet and take-off speeds calculation
Briefing on two-man crew concept and workload sharing
Proficiency in cockpit preparation. Proper time management to be
emphasized
Cockpit flow pattern, FMGS flow pattern and checklist philosophy
Flight and Route Guide Documents

Location and contents of the OM Part C
Use of the enroute charts and General Part of Route Manual
Exterior Walkaround and Refuelling Procedures

Exterior Walkaround – TRI/LTC shall accompany trainee until proficient.
Aircraft Technical Log (ATL) entries– applicable for Commanders
Refuelling (fuel panel setup, safety precautions, closure of fuel panel)
Normal Procedures
Discuss and review normal procedures (SOP)
Fuel Policy and Minimum Fuel Requirements

Minimum Fuel requirements as per OM Part A and JC Airlines tankering
Policy (as required)

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-128
Aeroplane Performance
Loadsheet preparation. Policy on Flex thrust calculation
The knowledge and use of aeronautical charts, optimum and recommended
maximum altitude, holding, engine inoperative and drift down procedure(s),
oxygen requirements and dispatch with performance degradation
Flight Management System (FMS)

Discuss features and use of FMGS
Policy for use of Secondary Flight Plan
Engine Start and Taxi Procedures

Review of individual roles and responsibilities during normal and abnormal
procedures
Transmitting to the ground crew and keeping the interphone preferably OFF
during the Pre-start and Push and Start processes
Crew co-ordination and monitoring of Engine parameters throughout start
sequence
Flow Pattern in the After Start Checks
Taxi Routing and Situational Awareness
Take-off and Climb

Review of take-off procedures, with emphasis on ATC/SID compliance,
monitoring of speed, noise abatement restrictions, etc
Instrument set-up for Departure
Runway alignment, Rotation technique (3 degrees/sec) and initial climb
attitude
Standard Call-outs and crosschecking of speed during flap retraction
Departures using Radio Navigation Aids only
Cruise
Review of Optimum Flight Level and Step Climb procedure
Discussion and review of In-flight diversion
Available Enroute Alternates and the choice of alternates in relation to fuel
situation, Aircraft Status
FMGS – Cruise phase related procedures
Use of Weather Radar and Techniques for Weather Avoidance

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-129

Use of simplified in-flight diversion/short range flight planning, pre-computed
diversion flight plans (if applicable) and ground handling considerations
Recording of CFP and Fuel status (minimum once per hour) calculation
Use of HF Radio Communications, if applicable
Gathering and recording of weather for destination and alternate through
VOLMET/ATIS on VHF (and HF, if applicable)
Review of Volcanic Ash Encounter and Avoidance
Descent and Approach

Descent planning - determination of TOD. Use of Managed Mode where
possible for fuel efficiency.
Descent and Approach briefing, Use of Autobrake.
Instrument set-up according to the appropriate STAR and Instrument
Approach.
Monitoring of aircraft position in relation to desired descent profile. Types of
corrective action available for recovery from profile deviations
Ability to conduct Constant Descent Approach (CDA) – where applicable
Checking of landing weight, preparation of VAPP and Minimum Diversion
Fuel calculation
Monitoring of descent profile and adherence to speed and/or altitude
restriction
Timely configuration of aircraft in preparation for approach and landing
Monitoring of localizer and glideslope tracking in case of an ILS approach
Correct use of VASI or PAPI in case of a visual approach
Clear understanding of the differences between decelerated and fully
stabilised approaches and in which circumstances fully stabilised approaches
must be conducted
Landing, Roll out and Shutdown

Technique of Normal, Crosswind, Headwind or Tailwind Landings
Limitations
Deceleration Technique - using brakes and reversers
Standard callouts, Speed and Flight Path Monitoring
Monitoring of ground spoiler deployment and proper reverse thrust operation
during the rollout
Review of the taxi routing to parking position
Engine Shutdown - Normal/Abnormal Procedures
Completion and cross-checking of relevant documents (ATL)

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-130
Cold Weather Operations

SNOWTAMS, de-icing fluids, de-icing & anti-icing procedures and holdover
times
Take-off and Landing Performance
The use of anti-ice, and landing and braking techniques on icy/wet and
slippery runways
Diversion
Alternates and considerations for the choice of alternates
Enroute alternates/airport information
MEL and CDL

Rules governing the use of MEL (Minimum Equipment List) up to take-off
Dispatch Authorization and Commander's discretion
Location of CDL (Configuration Deviation List)
Application of CDL with respect to performance decrements and special
operational requirements
OM Part A
Applicability of OM Part A with particular emphasis on the duties of the
Commander and crew, Duty limitations, etc
Safety, Security and Dangerous Goods

Security Categories
Bomb threats, Missing passengers, etc.
Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Radiotelephony (R/T)

Handling of ATC clearances and instructions
Discuss the different ATC requirements and procedures
Emphasize correct R/T technique and timely R/T transmission (listen out
before transmitting on changing frequency)
Crew Resource and Flight Deck Management

Emphasize importance of proper crew resource management for all crew
members

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-131
Reduced Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM)

RVSM policy and RVSM limits in the region
Dispatch requirements
In-flight considerations, especially limiting rates of climb/descent in the last
2000'
RVSM Phraseology
Radio Failure Procedures

ICAO procedure
Any applicable special state requirements
Completion of Flight Paperwork

Captain may sign the legal documents (Technical Logbook, Journey
Log/Voyage Report, etc)
Responsibilities for ensuring that all post-flight paperwork in completed and
returned
Total Duration: According to minimum requirements and trainee performance

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-132
All pilots undergoing line training are required to have a good knowledge of the items listed
below. The item(s) should be prepared in advanced which enables trainee to find the
various information and hence make proper study. Instructors are required to go over
these items with the trainee and affix their signature against each item when proficiency
has been demonstrated.
Line training knowledge review:
INSTRUCTOR
ITEM DATE FLIGHT
NAME & SIGNATURE
BEFORE DEPARTURE
OFP/CFP, ATC Flight Plan,
Flight planning
WX briefing
DEP, DEST, ALTN minima
Flight Information / Forms,
NOTAMs, …
Fuel Policy
Cabin Crew Safety Briefing
Exterior Walkaround
Aircraft Technical Log

MEL – CDL effect on
T/O and LDG Performance
Aircraft Library and
Documentation
OEB
Refuelling, Fuel System
Cockpit Preparation – FMGS
T/O Briefing
Load Sheet, Cargo Loading /
Door Operations
T/O Performance, RTOW
Tables, FLEX Thrust
Engine Start (Normal /
Supplementary Procedure)

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-133
INSTRUCTOR
ITEM DATE FLIGHT
NAME & SIGNATURE
TAXI, TAKE-OFF and
INITIAL CLIMB
Push back procedure, Ground
manoeuvring
Taxi speed, Braking technique
Wet and Contaminated RWY
T/O roll + x-wind T/O
V1 concept, Tire problems

Init climb, SID,
Climb Gradient, FMGC
EOSID
Best ROC, Turbulence Speeds
INSTRUCTOR
ITEM DATE FLIGHT
NAME & SIGNATURE
CRUISE
FL selection:
Opt / Max Altitude
Navigation Systems:
RNP, RVSM, RNAV
Use of WX Radar
WX avoidance
Engine-out Operations, Drift
down proc., Enroute alternate
Diversion (Min fuel, FMGC…)
Communication Failure
Procedure

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-134
INSTRUCTOR
ITEM DATE FLIGHT
NAME & SIGNATURE
DESCENT and APPROACH
ATIS, Contaminated RWY /
Braking Action
Approach Briefing, STAR,
Approach Procedure
Approach and Landing
Performance
Non Precision Approach,
Circling Approach
Visual Circuit
Visual Approach
Destination + Alternate WX
Minima, Approach Ban
Missed Approach
Procedure + Performance
Constant Descent Approach
INSTRUCTOR
ITEM DATE FLIGHT
NAME & SIGNATURE
LANDING and TAXI IN
Landing Technique
Use of (auto)brake and
Reverse Thrust
After landing, Taxi in procedure,
Usage of brake fan

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-135
INSTRUCTOR
ITEM DATE FLIGHT
NAME & SIGNATURE
MISCELANEOUS ITEMS
Command Responsibility,
Legal aspects
Operational Policy
Flight Time /
Duty Time Limitations
Unruly Passengers
Dangerous Goods
Windshear, Thunderstorms &
Turbulence
Adverse WX Operations,
Anti-ice
TCAS
GPWS
Control laws, Mode reversions,
Protections
Characteristic and limit speeds
F/O T/O + ldg., Commander
take-over
Memory Items
Communication cockpit - CC,
Operation of Cockpit Door
Emergency Evacuation
Procedures
Prepared /
Unprepared Emergency
Bomb on board /
Least Risk Location
Crew Incapacitation
Autoflight:
AP, FD, A/THRUST
Power Plant,
Engine Failure

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-136
INSTRUCTOR
ITEM DATE FLIGHT
NAME & SIGNATURE
Electrical System
Fire Protection
Hydraulic System
Reporting Occurrences / ASR
5.25.7 Duration
• For a First Officer undertaking the initial/first conversion course a minimum of 40

sectors or 100 hours line flying under supervision is required;
• For a non-type rated Commander undertaking the conversion course a minimum of
40 sectors or 100 hours line flying under supervision is required.
• For type rated flight crew joining JC Airlines and undertaking an abbreviated
conversion course a minimum of 2 sectors line flying under supervision is required,
subject to type rated flight crew member experience – decision rests with the Chief
Instructor on aircraft type and Training Manager. Only items, specific to Company
operations, will be introduced; other items reviewed as applicable.
Line Flying Under Supervision – Required Sectors / Hours

Trainee Minimum Sectors / Hours
First Officer – first conversion training 40 sectors / 100 hours
First Officer – already type rated 2 sectors
First Officer – upgrading to Commander 20 sectors
Commander – non-type rated 40 sectors / 100 hours
Commander – already type rated 2 sectors
5.25.8 Instructors
LTC, TRI.
5.25.9 Assessment
Not applicable.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-137
Not applicable.
5.25.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-138
5.26 CABIN CREW INITIAL TRAINING

5.26.1 Objectives
The purpose of this training is to train the trainees in the knowledge and proficiency
required to perform the duties of cabin crew in accordance with the OM Part A and CCM.
Briefing material, OM Part A, CCM.
5.26.3 Target Group
Cabin crew.
5.26.4 Training
Training is applicable for initial training.
Training is performed in a classroom, special training devices (as applicable) and on the
aircraft.
5.26.5 Minimum Qualification Requirements

Airlines.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-139
Initial course consists of initial general training and type & operator specific training. The
following items shall be addressed during this training:
Fire and Smoke Training

Responsibility of Cabin Crew to deal promptly with Emergencies involving Fire and
Smoke and, in particular, identifying the actual Source of the Fire
Informing the Flight Crew immediately, as well as the Specific Actions necessary for
Coordination and Assistance, when Fire or Smoke is discovered
Frequent checking of potential fire-risk areas including toilets and the associated
Smoke Detectors
The classification of Fires and the appropriate Type of Extinguishing Agents and
Procedures for particular Fire Situations
The Techniques of application of Extinguishing Agents, the consequences of
The General Procedures of ground-based Emergency Services at Aerodromes
Practical Training: Real Fire Fighting, Fire-fighting Equipment, Smoke Training
Water Survival Training

The Actual Donning and Use of Personal Flotation Equipment in Water
Before first operating on aeroplanes fitted with life-rafts or other similar equipment,
training must be given on the use of this equipment, as well as actual practice in
water
Emergency Evacuation Procedures
Cabin Preparation Procedures
Cabin Evacuation Procedures
Post Evacuation Procedures
Ditching
Survival Training
Survival Training - appropriate to the Areas of Operation (Jungle, Sea, etc)
Post Evacuation Procedures (applicable to the Areas of Operation)
Cold Climate
Hot Climate
Search and Rescue Standards
Emergency Phases

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-140
Medical Aspects and First Aid

Instruction on Medical Aspects and First Aid, First-aid Kits, their contents and
Emergency Medical Equipment
Life-threatening Medical Emergencies
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Management of Injuries
Management of Illnesses
First-aid Equipment and Supplies
Medical Equipment and Supplies (if applicable)
Physiology of Flight (Altitude Physiology)
Changes in Atmospheric Pressure
Relative Hypoxia
Trapped Gas
Decompression Sickness
Cabin Depressurisation
Hyperventilation
Cabin Environment and Cabin Air Quality
Dehydration
Infections
Vibrations
Cosmic Radiation
The Physiological Effects of Flying and with particular emphasis on Hypoxia
Hypoxia
Transport of Oxygen in Human Body
Atmosphere, Air Pressure
Types of Hypoxia
Signs of Hypoxia
Medical Treatment of Hypoxia
First aid during Hypoxia on Aeroplane
Medical Emergencies in Aviation
Asthma
Choking
Heart Attacks
Stress Reactions and Allergic Reactions
Shock
Stroke
Epilepsy

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-141

Diabetes
Air Sickness
Hyperventilation
Gastro-intestinal disturbances
Emergency Childbirth
Practical cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Basic First Aid Training including care of the Unconsciousness and the Unconscious,
Burns, Wounds, Fractures and Soft Tissue Injuries
Problem Recognition and Management
Assessing a Casualty
Life Saving Procedures
Assess ABC (Adult, Child, Infant)
Choking
CPR (Practical training – see below)
Recovery Position
Medical problems
Suspected Communicable Diseases
Respiratory Disorders (Asthma, Hyperventilation, Chronic Lung Diseases, Persistent
Coughing)
Cardiovascular Disorders (Angina, Heart Attack, Shock, Deep Vein Thrombosis)
Abdominal Problems (Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Pain, Heartburn, Bleeding)
Nervous System Disorders (Headache, Seizure, Stroke)
Ear, Nose and Throat Problems such as Barotraumas (Body Damage caused by
Pressurisation Differences) and/or Epistaxis (nose bleed)
Behavioural / Psychological Disorders (Panic Attacks, Alcohol Intoxication, Irrational
Behaviour)
Other Problems (Diabetes, Allergic Reaction, Pregnancy Related)
Trauma
Wounds and Bleeding (practical training)
Burns
Head and Neck Injury
Eye Injury
Muscular-skeletal Injury
Chest and Abdominal Injury
Travel Health and Hygiene
The risk of contact with Infectious Diseases
Protection against Infectious Diseases
Immunization
Fatigue Management

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-142

Hygiene on Board
Personal Safety (e.g. Use of Alcohol, Other Drugs, Traffic Safety)
Death on Board
Handling of Waste
Alertness Management, Physiological Effects of Fatigue, Sleep Physiology,
Circadian Rhythm and Time Zone Changes
Circadian Rhythm and Jet Leg
The use of appropriate Aeroplane Equipment including First Aid Kits and First Aid
Oxygen
First Aid Training and Equipment
Reporting of Communicable Diseases
Aeroplane Disinfection and Disinsection
Biohazard Waste Disposal (if applicable)
Procedures and Resources - Seeking medical advice (ground and/or in-flight)
Death on Board
Documentation to be Completed
Commander Notification and Communication
Medical Cases on JC Airlines Flights – Medical Reviews
Passenger Handling
Recognition and Management of Passengers who are, or become, Intoxicated with
Alcohol or are under the Influence of Drugs or are aggressive
Methods used to motivate Passengers and the Crowd Control necessary to expedite
an Aeroplane Evacuation
Regulations covering the safe stowage of Cabin Baggage (including Cabin Service
Items) and the risk of it becoming a Hazard to occupants of the Cabin or otherwise
obstruction or damaging Emergency Equipment or Aeroplane Exits
The importance of correct Seat Allocation with reference to Aeroplane's Weight and
Balance
Seating of Disabled Passengers, and the necessity of seating Able-bodied
Passengers adjacent to Unsupervised Exits
Duties to be undertaken in the event of encountering Turbulence, including Securing
the Cabin
Precautions to be taken when Live Animals are carried in the Cabin
Dangerous Goods carried by the Passengers
Security Procedures.
Communication
Crew Coordination and Communication
Effective Communication between Cabin Crew and Flight Crew including Technique,
Common Language and Terminology

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-143

Ways of Coordination
Team Work
Discipline and Responsibilities

The importance of Cabin Crew performing their duties in accordance with the
Operations Manual
Continuing competence and fitness to operate as a Cabin Crew member with special
regard to Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements
An awareness of the Aviation Regulations relating to Cabin Crew and the role of the
Authority (SSCA)
The importance of ensuring that relevant Documents and Manuals are kept up-to-
date with Amendments provided by the Operator
When Cabin Crew Members have the Authority and Responsibility to initiate an
Evacuation and other Emergency Procedures
Safety Duties and Responsibilities and the need to respond promptly and effectively
to Emergency Situations
Effects of Surface Contamination and the need to inform the Flight Crew of any
observed Surface Contamination
Operating Procedures – General Overview
Crew Resource Management

Introductory Crew Resource Management (CRM) Course
Human Factors in Aviation
General Instructions on CRM Principles
Human Performance and Limitations
Personality awareness, human error and reliability, attitudes and behaviours, self-
assessment
Stress and Stress Management
Fatigue and Vigilance
Assertiveness
Situation Awareness, Information Acquisition and Processing
Cockpit Crew
Cabin Crew
Team Work
Joint Training with Flight Crew (Emergency Procedures - Practical Training)
Case based Studies.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-144
General presentation of the Company, Cabin Crew Member Duties and

Responsibilities
Presentation of JC Airlines
History of JC Airlines
JC Airlines today
Presentation of Cabin Crew
Work Performance and Quality
Contract
Cabin Crew Initial Training - Summary
Aviation Indoctrination
Air and Characteristics of the Air
Atmosphere
Parts of an Aeroplane
Aeroplane and Air Stream
Flight Mechanics/Physics
Applicable Authority and Company regulations

Aviation Regulations - General
Manuals and Documents
OM Part A
Cabin Crew Manual (CCM)
Organisation of the Flight Operations Scheduling
Stowage of Baggage in the Cabin
Review of Company Regulations and Legal Requirements
Organizations and Responsibilities
Operational Control and Supervision
Quality System
Crew Composition
Qualification Requirements
Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements
Operating Procedures
Dangerous Goods and Weapons
Security
Handling of Accidents and Occurrences
Rules of the Air

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-145
Service and Catering

General
Aeroplane Galley Equipment
Passenger Meals
Passenger Drinks
Service of Passenger Meals, Drinks, Coffee/Tea
Service of Hot Meals
Deserving
Individual Service of Passengers
Service in the Cockpit
How to serve (Spirituous, Soft Drinks...)
Passengers and Alcohol
Customs Regulations
Service Routine
Service Trolleys – Equipment Charts
Cabin Crew Appearance and Uniform

Uniform - General
Parts of an Uniform
Personal Documents of a Cabin Crew Member
On-duty Conduct
General Rules
On Official Travel
Communication with Passengers

General
Approach to a Passenger
Cabin Crew Member as a Host
Communication
Approach/Communication to/with Special Categories of Passengers
Special Attention Flights
Special Protocols
Unruly Passengers
Security Procedures
Introduction
Authority Requirements and Legal Aspects

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-146

ICAO Conventions
ICAO Annex 17
ICAO Security Manual
National Security Programme
Threats and Terrorism
Terrorism – General
History of Security Accidents and Incidents
Understanding of Terrorist Behaviours
Threat Evaluation
Guidelines for Action
Action following Assessment of the Threat
Sabotage Threat
Recognition of Prohibited Items and Devices
Definition and Classification of Prohibited Items
Recognition of Offensive Weapons
Recognition of Improvised Explosive Devices and Dangerous Objects
Identification of Places and Methods of Concealment for all of the above
Flight Deck Security
Crew Warnings
Sterile Flight Deck
Flight Deck Access/Protocol
Aeroplane Search Procedures and Security Checks
Cabin Crew response to discovery of Suspect Items
Responsibility for Aeroplane Access Control and Passenger Load Verification
Response to acts of Unlawful Interference
Definition of acts of Unlawful Interference, Crisis and Emergency
Threat Evaluation
Determination of the seriousness of an Occurrence
Crew Response – General
Incident Reporting
Passenger Misconduct - Unruly passengers
Handling of Unruly Passengers
Joint training with Flight Crew
Acts of Unlawful Seizure
Types of Unlawful Seizure, Sabotage and Hijackers
Fazes of Unlawful Seizure
JC Airlines Policy in case of Hijacking
Main Principles of Civil Aviation Security relating to Aeroplane Seizures

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-147

Definitions relating to Aeroplane Seizures
Recommended Procedures to be used by Cabin Crew in the event of Hijacking
Covert Communications for the Hijacking Situation
Post hijacking procedures relating to media, company, police passengers and crew
Stockholm, London and J. Wayne Syndromes
Basic Strategies and Objectives of Hijacking (Hostage) Negotiations
Response to Bomb Threat to Aeroplane on the Ground
Bomb Threat and related Terminology
Aeroplane Positioning and Off-load
Actions after Off-load, including Passenger Information and Handling
Response Procedures
Caution in Media and Public Relations
Response to Bomb Threat to Aeroplane in flight
Threat and related Terminology
Bomb Search Procedures
Crew Response to discovery of Suspect Items
Recommended Cabin Crew Response Procedures
Least-risk Bomb Locations
Procedures after Bomb Incident
Other acts of Unlawful Interference
Team Work
Security Briefings
Conflict Situation Management
Response to Instinct
Personal Attitude
Self-defence
Security Personnel
Security Measures
Standard Security Measures
Additional Security Measures
High Risk Security Measures
Appropriate Self-Defence Responses
Use of Non-lethal Protective Devices (optional)
Ramp/Aeroplane Security
Authority and Duties of the Commander

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-148

General Principles
Legal basis
Training
Information to Passengers
Information to Cargo Acceptance Areas
Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods
Dangerous goods - Definition
Hazard classes and Divisions
Packing Groups
Description of Hazard Classes/Divisions, Hazard Labels and IMP Codes
Handling Labels
Identification of Dangerous Goods
Marking and Labelling
Provisions for Dangerous Goods carried by Passenger and Crew
Dangerous Goods in Operator's Property
Other Exceptions and Summary of JC Airlines limitations
Hidden Dangerous Goods in Baggage and Cargo
Dangerous Goods Incident and Accident
General Emergency Procedures
Emergency Procedures for Cabin Crew
Emergency Procedures for Flight Crew
Dangerous Goods Emergency Response
Aviation Terminology in English/Other Language

Aviation Terminology – English Language
Calls and Commands – English Language
Calls and Commands – Other Languages
Passenger Announcements in Normal and Emergency Situations

Passengers Announcements – English Language
Passengers Announcements – Other Languages
Cabin Emergency Announcements – English language
Cabin Emergency Announcements – Other languages
Welcome Announcement
Safety Demonstration & Announcement
Announcements during the Flight

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-149

Announcements at the Destination
Transit Flight Announcements
Pre-flight Briefing
Operating as a Crew
Personal Preparation at Home
Preparation before Flight (Briefing)
CIC/Commander Briefing
Allocation of Cabin Crew Stations and Responsibilities
Emergency Briefing
Working Briefing
Partial Briefings
Sub-Charter Flights
Wet Lease – JC Airlines Crew
Wet Lease – Mixed Crew
Debriefing
Crowd Control
Cabin Crew Duties and Responsibilities (SOP)
Duties at Check-in
Emergency Briefing
In-flight Duties Briefing – Working Briefing
Duties during Taxiing
Duties during Take-off
Duties during Descent/Approach
Duties during Refuelling (Passengers on Board)
Crew Change
Duties after Completing Flight
Duties – Different Working Positions
Brace Positions
Safety Policies and Procedures

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-150

Mandatory Briefings including Passenger Briefing on Self Help Exits
Safety Checks
Passenger Acceptance and Handling
Carry-on Baggage
Personal Electronic Devices
Fuelling with Passengers on Board
Turbulence
Flight and Cabin Crew Incapacitation
Service Routine – Real Presentation and Practical Training of Service

Service Trolleys – Practical Training
Special Meals (optional)
Service Routine - Practical Training
Real Presentation and Practical Training of Service
Mock-up Training and Assessment

Planned Cabin Emergency Evacuation - Land
Planned Cabin Emergency Evacuation - Water
Slide Jump (Sit and Slide, Dual Lane Evacuation)
Water Evacuation
Swimming & Towing
Practice H.E.L.P.
Raft Boarding, Detachment
Evacuation and Emergency Situations
A320 Aircraft Type Training and Relevant Aeroplane Systems
Historical Overview
General Data - Airbus A320 and systems (ATA classification)
A320 Aircraft Family
Cockpit
Main Deck
Crew Seats
Cabin Crew Seating
Cabin Crew Stations
Galleys
Cabin Interior Layout

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-151

Lavatories
Doors and Exits
CIDS and Control Panels
Lighting
Air-Condition
Communications
Safety Equipment - Cabin & Cockpit
Seating Instructions & Configurations
Cabin Emergency Checklist
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Safety on The Ramp

Selection and implementation of appropriate rapid disembarkation or evacuation
measures
The need for an external means of disembarkation to be available from the time an
aircraft comes on a stand until it departs, excluding periods when there are no
persons on board
The need to ascertain the availability of an air bridge or steps before deciding what
would be the best method to use
Specific procedures for alerting of emergency services when an incident occurs
during routine embarkation/ disembarkation of passengers and when passengers are
on board and the aircraft is parked
Emergency procedures for the rapid disembarkation of occupants of an out of
service aircraft should the need arise

Operation of Cockpit Seats and Pilot Incapacitation - Practical
Assessments and Exams

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-152
5.26.7 Duration
• 104 hrs (ground training – classroom, mock-up, aircraft visit);

• 8 sectors (coaching programme);
• 2 sectors (line check).
5.26.8 Instructors
Suitably qualified GI and cabin crew instructors.
5.26.9 Assessment
Satisfactory performed training programme and line check.
5.26.10 Validity, Revalidation
After completion of initial training, participation in the recurrent training and checking
program maintains continuous validity.
5.26.11 Remarks
all other training documents are retained and kept under custody of Training Department.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-153
5.27 CABIN CREW IN CHARGE (CIC) TRAINING

5.27.1 Objectives
The objective of the course is to train the cabin crew members for the position of Cabin
Crew in Charge (CIC). After completion of this training the participants will obtain the
knowledge and qualification to perform the duties of Cabin Crew in Charge aboard the
Company's aeroplanes.
CCM, OM Part A.
5.27.3 Target Group
Cabin crew.
5.27.4 Training
Training is applicable for upgrade training.
Training is performed in a classroom as a theoretical lecture/assessment and aboard the

aircraft as practical training/assessment.
As per OM Part D requirements – refer to chapter 2.2.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-154
The following items shall be addressed during Cabin Crew in Charge (CIC) training:
Pre-flight Briefing
Operating as a Crew
Personal Preparation at Home
CIC/Commander Briefing
Allocation of Cabin Crew Stations and Responsibilities
Emergency Briefing
Working Briefing
Partial Briefings
Consideration of the particular flight, including Aeroplane Type and
Equipment Fit
Area, Route and Type of Operation
Wet-Lease Flight Briefing
CIC working with Foreign Crew
Special Category of Passengers (Infants, PRM, Stretcher Cases, Disabled)
Cooperation within the Crew

Discipline, Responsibilities and Chain of Command
Importance of Coordination and Communications
Duties at Check-in
Aerodrome Ground Services
Duties during Approach
Duties during refuelling (passengers on board)
Crew Change

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-155

Duties after completing the Flight
Leadership – General
Leadership at Operating/Everyday Duties
Leadership in Emergency Situations
Discipline, Responsibilities and Chain of Command in Emergency Situations
Briefing in Emergency Situations (Passenger and Cabin Crew Briefings)
Importance of Coordination and Communication
Pilot Incapacitation
Pilot Incapacitation Procedure
Handling of Flight Crew Seats and Restraint Devices (Flight Crew Seat Belts)
Review of Operator's Requirements and Legal Requirements

Passenger Safety Briefing, Safety Cards
Securing of Galleys
Stowage of Cabin Baggage
Restrictions on use of Portable Electronic Devices
Procedures when Refuelling with Passengers on board
Procedure during Turbulence
Review of relevant Authority and Company Requirements and Documents
Documentation
Aviation Regulations - General
Review of Company Regulations and Legal Requirements
OM Part A
Organization of the Flight Operations Scheduling
Organization and Responsibilities (Organizational Structure)
Operational Control and Supervision
Quality System
Crew Composition
Qualification Requirements
Operating Procedures
Dangerous Goods and Weapons
Security
Handling of Accidents and Occurrences
Rules of the Air

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-156
Human factors and Crew Resource Management

Human Factors in Aviation
General instructions on CRM principles and Objectives
Human Performance and Limitations
Error Prevention and Detection
Shared Situation Awareness, Information Acquisition and Processing
Workload Management
Effective Communication and Coordination between crew members including
the flight crew as well as inexperienced cabin crew members, Cultural
Differences
Leadership, Cooperation, Synergy, Decision making, Delegation
Individual and Team Responsibilities, Decision Making and Actions
Identification and Management of the Passenger Human Factors (Crowd
Control, Passenger Stress, Conflict Management, Medical Factors)
Specifics related to Aeroplane Type, Flight Crew and Cabin Crew
Composition and number of Passengers
Company Safety culture, SOP, Organizational Factors, Factors linked to the
Type of Operations
Effective Communication and Coordination with other Operational Personnel
Participation in Cabin Safety Incident and Accident Reporting
Case based Studies
Team Work
Accident and Incident Reporting

Definition of an Incident
Definition of an Accident
Accidents and Occurrences
Reporting System
Dangerous Goods Incidents and Accidents
Safety on the Ramp
Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements
Crew Members Responsibility
Definitions
Flight and Duty Limitations

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-157

Maximum Daily Flight Duty Period – FDP
Extensions
Positioning
Split Duty
Rest (Minimum Rest, Rest Periods)
Extensions on Flight Duty Period due to In-flight Rest
Limitations – Cabin crew
Unforeseen Circumstances in actual flight operations – Commander’s
Discretion
Standby
Nutrition
Flight Duty, Duty and Rest Period Records
Exceedance of Flight Duty Time Limitations and/or Reduction of Rest Periods
Theory of Flying, Meteorology and Areas of Operation

Air and Characteristics of the Air
Atmosphere
Aeroplane and Air stream
Flight Mechanics/Physics
Take-off
Climb
Cruise
Descent
Approach
Landing
Basics of Meteorology
Aircraft Diversion involving Emergency First Aid Cases
Emergency Procedures and Equipment (Theory – General & Type
Related)
Oxygen
Protective Breathing Equipment
Hand Fire Extinguishers
Crash/Fire Axe
Fire Gloves
Lavatory Fire Protection System
Emergency Exits
Escape Slides

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-158

Escape Tapes
Life Jackets
EM Lighting System
Flash Lights
Megaphone
First Aid Kits
Automatic/Portable Emergency Locator Transmitter
Passenger and Crew Restraint Devices
Safety Briefing Cards and Demo Equipment
Emergency Equipment on A320
Emergency Equipment – Practical

Practical Training and Touch Drill – Opening of Exits
Actual Handling of Fire Extinguisher
Practical Training with Fire & Rescue Services Unit
Medical Aspects and First Aid Training

Introduction
Transport of Sick Passengers
Transport of Injured Passengers
Physiology of Flight (Cabin Environment, Dehydration, Infections, Vibrations,
Cosmic Radiation)
Hypoxia (Transport of Oxygen in Human Body, Atmosphere, Air Pressure,
Types & Signs of Hypoxia, Medical Treatment of Hypoxia, First Aid)
Hyperventilation
Asthma
Allergic Reaction
Travelling Sickness
Diabetes
Epilepsies
Pains in the chest
Shock
Brain stroke
Heart Attack
Childbirth
Fractures
Wounds

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-159

Unconsciousness
Burns
Reanimation
Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) / Reanimation
Practical Training of Reanimation (CPR)
Life-threatening Medical Emergencies
Management of Injuries
Management of Illnesses
Disposable First Aid Kit
Emergency First Aid Kit
Medical cases on JC Airlines flights
Use of automated external defibrillators (if carried on board)
Duties and Responsibilities of CIC
Different Working Positions
Aviation terminology in English / Other language

Aviation Terminology - English Language
Aviation Terminology - Other Language(s)
Calls and Commands - English Language
Calls and Commands - Other Language(s)
In-flight Service
Minimum Equipment List
Passenger Announcements
Introduction
Operating and Emergency Announcements
Aviation Security Matters

Introduction to the Course
Authority Requirements and Legal Aspects
Threats and Terrorism
Recognition of Prohibited Items and Devices
Flight Deck Security
Flight Deck Access/Protocol
Aeroplane Search Procedures and Security Checks
Response to acts of Unlawful Interference

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-160

Passenger Misconduct (Unruly/Drunken Passengers)
Acts of Unlawful Seizure
Response to Bomb Threat to Aeroplane on the Ground
Response to Bomb Threat to Aeroplane in Flight
Other Acts of Unlawful Interference
Conflict Situation Management
Security Measures
Appropriate Self-defence Responses
Ramp/Aeroplane Security
Authority and Duties of the Commander
On-line training consists of:
Coaching Programme
Line Check
Total Duration: according to syllabus.
5.27.7 Duration
• 8 sectors (coaching programme);
5.27.8 Instructors
Suitably qualified GI and cabin crew instructors.
5.27.9 Assessment
Satisfactory performed training programme and line check.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-161
After completion of initial training, participation in the recurrent training and checking
program maintains continuous validity.
5.27.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-162
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-163
5.28 CABIN CREW INSTRUCTOR TRAINING

5.28.1 Objectives
The objective of the course is to train the cabin crew members for the position of Cabin
Crew Instructors. After completion of this training the participants will obtain the knowledge
and qualification to perform the duties of the Cabin Crew Instructors, both for ground
training and aboard the Company's aeroplanes.
CCM, OM Part A.
5.28.3 Target Group
Cabin crew.
5.28.4 Training
Training is applicable for upgrade - instructor training.
Training is performed in a classroom as a theoretical lecture/assessment and aboard the

aircraft/mock-up trainers as practical training/assessment.
As per OM Part D requirements – refer to chapter 2.2.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-164
The following items shall be addressed during Cabin Crew Instructor training:
Teaching Methodology
Classroom Teaching, Practical Training (on ground & in-flight)
Checking training: cabin crew coaching programme and assessments (written
assessments, oral assessments, line checking)
Teaching Methods - General
Training Programmes
Designing of a Training Programme
Designing of a Training (Theoretical/Practical Training)
Preparations for Classroom Training
Use of Technical Equipment in a Classroom
Use of Emergency Equipment (Demonstrational) in a Classroom
Theoretical Checking (Written Tests)
Theoretical Checking (Oral Checking)
Air Law and Company Regulations

Review of relevant Authority and Company Requirements
OM Part A
Organisation and Responsibilities
OM Part D: Cabin Crew Training Requirements
Theoretical Lecture under Supervision

Emergency Equipment
General
Oxygen
Protective Breathing Equipment
Hand Fire Extinguishers
Crash/Fire Axe
Fire Gloves
Lavatory Fire Protection System
Emergency Exits & Escape Slides
Life Jackets

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-165

EM Lighting System
Flash Lights
Megaphone
First Aid Kits
Automatic EM Locator Transmitter
Passenger and Crew Restraint Devices
Safety Briefing Cards and DEMO Equipment
EM Equipment A320
Emergency Procedures (evacuation procedures; crowd control; preparation
procedures; pilot incapacitation; cabin fire and smoke)
Aircraft Familiarization A320

Equipment
Lighting and Communication Systems
Aircraft Furnishing
Cockpit
Passenger Cabin &Galleys
Aircraft Systems
Doors/Exits
Passenger and Crew Seats
Survival Guidelines
Phases of Flight
Passenger Announcements (Operating and Emergency

Announcements)
Practical/Mock-up Training and Touch Drill under Supervision

Emergency procedures - practical training (evacuation procedures; crowd
control; preparation procedures; pilot incapacitation; cabin fire and smoke)
Emergency equipment – practical training (oxygen system and therapeutic
O2, opening exits, equipment touch drill)

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-166
Practical Line Check
Total Duration: 50:00 + 2 sectors
5.28.7 Duration
• 50 hrs (classroom & practical);

5.28.8 Instructors
Suitably qualified GI and Cabin Crew Instructors.
5.28.9 Assessment
Instructing skills check and practical check on flight must be evaluated satisfactory -
“pass”.
According to Cabin Crew Recurrent Training & Checking Programme.
5.28.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-167
5.29 CABIN CREW CONVERSION AND DIFFERENCES TRAINING

5.29.1 Objectives
During Conversion/Differences Training, training is given on the location, removal and use
of all safety and survival equipment carried on the aircraft, as well as all normal and
emergency procedures related to the aircraft type, variant and configuration to be
operated. A review should be carried out of previous Initial Training given, in order to
confirm that no item has been omitted. This is especially important for cabin crew
members first transferring to aircraft fitted with life rafts or other similar equipment.
CCM.
5.29.3 Target Group
Cabin crew.
5.29.4 Training
Training is applicable for conversion/differences training.
Training is performed in a classroom as a theoretical lecture and touch-drill exercises, and

aboard the aircraft as practical training.

Airlines.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-168
The following items, as applicable, shall be addressed during Cabin Crew Conversion and
Differences training:
Fire and Smoke Training

Operating Doors and Exits
Evacuation Slide Training
Evacuation Procedures and Other Emergency Situations
Crowd Control
Safety Equipment
Pilot Incapacitation
Medical Aspects and First Aid
Aeroplane Configuration, Furnishing, Equipment, Lighting and
Communication Systems – Theoretical
Aeroplane Configuration, Furnishing, Equipment, Lighting and
Communication Systems - Real Presentation and Touch Drill
Passenger Announcements in Normal and Emergency Situations
Cabin Crew Duties and Responsibilities
Total Duration: (as required)
Fire and Smoke Training includes:

• Extinguishing a fire characteristic of an aeroplane interior fire except that, in the
case of Halon extinguishers, an alternative extinguishing agent may be used;
• Practising the donning and use of protective breathing equipment by each cabin
crew member in an enclosed, simulated smoke-filled environment.
Each cabin crew member is given realistic and practical training in the use of all fire-
fighting equipment, including protective clothing representative of that carried in the
aeroplane.
Operating Doors and Exits includes:

• Each cabin crew member operates and actually opens all normal and emergency
exits for passenger evacuation in the aeroplane or representative training device;
• The operation of all other exits, such as flight deck windows, shall be demonstrated.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-169
Evacuation Slide Training includes:

• Each cabin crew member descends an evacuation slide from a height
representative of the aeroplane’s main deck sill height;
• The slide is fitted to an aeroplane or a representative training device; and
• A further descent is made when the cabin crew member qualifies on an aeroplane
type in which the main deck exit sill height differs significantly from any aeroplane
type previously operated.
Evacuation Procedures and other Emergencies Situations training includes:

• The recognition of planned or unplanned evacuations on land or water. This training
includes recognising when exits are unusable or when evacuation equipment is
unserviceable.
• An in-flight fire, with particular emphasis on identifying the actual source of the fire;
• Severe air turbulence;
• Sudden decompression, including the donning of portable oxygen equipment by
each cabin crew member; and
• Other in-flight emergencies.
Crowd Control training includes:
The practical aspects of crowd control in various emergency situations, as applicable to

the aeroplane type. This training should include:
• Communications between flight crew and cabin crew and use of all communications
equipment:
• Verbal commands;
• The physical contact that may be needed to encourage people out of an exit and
onto a slide;
• The re-direction of passengers away from unusable exits;
• The marshalling of passengers away from the aeroplane;
• The evacuation of disabled passengers;
• Authority and leadership.
Pilot Incapacitation training includes:
Each cabin crew member shall be trained to assist if a pilot becomes incapacitated. This
training shall include a demonstration of:
• The pilot’s seat mechanism;
• Fastening and unfastening the pilot’s seat harness;
• Use of the pilot’s oxygen equipment and pilot checklists.

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-170
Safety Equipment training includes:
Each cabin crew member shall be given realistic training on, and demonstration of, the
location and use of safety equipment including the following:
• Slides, and where non-self-supporting slides are carried, the use of any associated
ropes;
• Life rafts and slide rafts, including the equipment attached to, and/or carried in, the
raft;
• Lifejackets, infant lifejackets and flotation cots;
• Dropout oxygen system;
• First-aid oxygen;
• Fire extinguishers;
• Fire axe;
• Emergency lights including torches;
• Lavatory fire protection system;
• Communications equipment, including megaphones;
• Survival packs, including their contents (if installed on the aeroplane);
• Pyrotechnics (if installed on the aeroplane);
• First-aid kits, their contents and emergency medical equipment;
• Safety briefing cards and “demo” equipment;
• Other cabin safety equipment or systems where applicable (e.g. ELT).
CRM Training includes:

• Aeroplane type specific CRM and/or recurrent CRM Training;
• Error prevention and detection;
• Shared situation awareness, information acquisition and processing;
• Workload management;
• Effective communication and coordination between all crew members including the
flight crew as well as inexperienced cabin crew members, cultural differences;
• Leadership, cooperation, synergy, decision-making, delegation;
• Individual and team responsibilities, decision making, and actions;
• Identification and management of the passenger human factors: crowd control,
passenger stress, conflict management, medical factors;
• Specifics related to aeroplane types (narrow/wide bodies, single/multi deck), flight
crew and cabin crew composition and number of passengers;
• Company safety culture, SOPs, organisational factors, factors linked to the type of
operations;
• Effective communication and coordination with other operational personnel and
ground services;
CHAPTER 5 P: 5-171
• Participation in cabin safety incident and accident reporting;

• Case based studies.
Medical Aspects and First Aid Training includes:

• If initial medical aspects and first aid training has not included the avoidance of
infectious diseases especially in tropical and sub-tropical climates, such training
shall be provided if an operator’s route network is extended or changed to include
such areas.
Aeroplane Configuration, Furnishing, Equipment, Lighting and Communication Systems –

Theoretical Training includes:
• Aeroplane configuration;
• Aeroplane equipment;
• Lighting and communication systems;
• Aeroplane furnishings;
• Flight deck;
• Passenger cabin;
• Galleys;
• Aeroplane systems;
• Aeroplane doors;
• Passenger and crew seats.
Aeroplane Configuration, Furnishing, Equipment, Lighting and Communication Systems -

Real Presentation and Touch Drill include:
• Real presentation (familiarisation visit, touch drills);
• Furnishing equipment;
• Communication systems;
• Galley and pantry;
• Passenger cabin.
Passenger Announcements in Normal and Emergency Situations include:

• Passenger announcements in normal situations;
• Passenger announcements in emergency situations.
Cabin Crew Duties and Responsibilities training includes:

• Emergency briefing;
• Emergency equipment check;
• Duties related to the working position of the cabin crew member;

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-172
• Duties during flight;

• Duties during transit stop;
• Duties during refuelling (passengers on board).
5.29.7 Duration
As required.
5.29.8 Instructors
Approved GI and Cabin Crew Instructors (CCI).
5.29.9 Assessment
Attendance on the theoretical and practical (touch-drill) part of the course followed by
successful completion of written test, which should cover the major differences in
equipment and procedures between the aeroplane type(s) or version(s).
Not applicable.
5.29.11 Remarks

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-173
5.30 FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER (FLIGHT DISPATCHER) INITIAL

TRAINING
5.30.1 Objectives
The objective of the course is to train the applicants for the position of flight operations
officers (flight dispatchers). After completion of this training the participants will obtain the
knowledge and qualification to perform the duties of flight operations officers in the
Company. This course is outsourced to third party approved training organisations.
Refer to third party approved manuals and training material.
5.30.3 Target Group
Applicants for flight operations officers (flight dispatchers).
5.30.4 Training
Training is applicable for initial training. Refer to third party Approved Training
Organisation's course program.
As per OM Part D requirements - minimum entry requirements for flight dispatcher to join
JC Airlines..

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-174
The following items shall be addressed during initial flight operations officer training:
Phase One – Basic Knowledge

Civil Air Law and Regulations
Certification of Operators
The Convention on International Civil Aviation (The Chicago Convention)
International Air Transport issues addressed by the Chicago Convention
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
Responsibility for Aircraft Airworthiness
Regulatory provisions of the Flight Manual
Aircraft Minimum Equipment List (MEL) and CDL and their use
The Operations Manual and its use
Regulatory
Aviation Terminology and Terms of Reference
Theory of Flight and Flight Operations
Aircraft Propulsion Systems
Aircraft Systems
Aircraft Mass (Weight) and Performance

Basic Principles for Flight Safety
Basic Mass (Weight) and Speed Limitations
Take-off Runway Requirements
Climb Performance Requirements
Landing Runway Requirements
Buffet Boundary Speed Limitations
Navigation
Position, Distance, Time
True, Magnetic, Grid and Compass direction, Gyro Heading Reference
Introduction to Chart Projection
Mercator projection; Great Circles on Mercator Charts
Other Cylindrical Projections

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-175

Lambert Conformal Conic Projections
Polar Stereographic Projection
ICAO Chart Requirements
Charts used by an Operator
Measurement of Airspeed, Track and Ground Speed
Use of Slide-rules, Computers and Scientific Calculators
Measurement of Aircraft Altitude
Point of No Return; Critical Point
General Determination of Aircraft Position
Introduction to Radio Navigation
Ground-based Radar and Direction-finding stations, Relative Bearings
VOR/DME-type Radio Navigation
Instrument Landing Systems
Navigation Procedures
ICAO CNS/ATM Systems (an overview)
Air Traffic Management

Introduction to Air Traffic Management
Controlled Airspace
Flight Rules
ATC Clearance, ATC Requirements for Flight Plans, Aircraft Reports
Flight Information Service (FIS)
Alerting Service and Search and Rescue (SAR)
Communications Services (Mobile, Fixed)
Aeronautical Information Service (AIS)
Aerodrome and Airport Services
Meteorology
Atmosphere, Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity
Atmospheric Pressure, Pressure-Wind Relationships
Winds near the Earth's Surface, Wind in the Free Atmosphere, Turbulence
Vertical motion in the Atmosphere, Formation of Clouds and Precipitation
Thunderstorms
Aircraft Icing
Visibility and RVR
Volcanic Ash

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-176

Surface Observations, Upper-Air Observations, Station Model
Air Masses and Fronts, Frontal Depressions
Weather at Fronts and other Parts of the Frontal Depression
Other Types of Pressure Systems
General Climatology
Weather in the Tropics
Aeronautical Meteorological Reports, Analysis of Surface and Upper-Air
Charts
Prognostic Charts, Aeronautical Forecasts
Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation
Visit to (local) Meteorological Office
Weight (Mass) and Balance Control

Introduction to Weight and Balance
Load Planning
Calculation of Payload and Loadsheet Preparation
Aircraft Balance and Longitudinal Stability
Moments and Balance
The Structural aspects of Aircraft Loading
Loading of Dangerous Goods and Other Special Cargo
Issuing Loading Instructions
Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air

Introduction
Dangerous Goods
Emergency and Abnormal Situations
Source Documents
Responsibilities
Flight Planning
Introduction to Flight Planning
Turbo-jet Aircraft Cruise Control Methods
Flight Planning Charts and Tables for Turbine-Engine Aircraft
Calculation of Flight Time and Minimum Fuel for Turbine-Engine Aircraft
Route Selection

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-177

Flight Planning Situations
Reclearance
The Flight Phases
Documents to be carried on Flights
Flight Planning Exercises
Threats and Hijacking
ETOPS
Flight Monitoring
Position of Aircraft
Effects of ATC Reroutes
Flight Equipment Failures
En-Route Weather Changes
Emergency Situations
Flight Monitoring Resources
Position Reports
Ground Resource Availability
Communications – Radio
Elementary Radio Theory
Aeronautical Fixed Service
International Aeronautical Telecommunications Service
Aeronautical Mobile Service
Radio Navigation Service
Automated Aeronautical Service
Human Factors
The Meaning of Human Factors
Dispatch Resource Management (DRM)
Awareness
Practice and Feedback
Reinforcement
Security (Emergencies and Abnormal Situations)

Familiarity
Security Measures taken by Airlines

CHAPTER 5 P: 5-178
TRAINING PROGRAMMES SYLLABUS 10 JAN 2017

Procedures for Handling Threats, Bomb Scares, etc.
Emergency due to Dangerous Goods
Hijacking
Personal Security for the Flight Operation Officers (Flight Dispatchers)
Emergency Response Plan
Phase Two – Applied Practical Training

Applied Practical Training
Applied Practical Flight Operations
Simulator LOFT Observation and Synthetic Flight Training
Flight Dispatch Practices (on-the-job training)
EFB Training
Route Familiarization
5.30.7 Duration
Refer to third party Approved Training Organisation's syllabus.
5.30.8 Instructors
Suitably qualified flight operations officer instructors.
5.30.9 Assessment
Refer to third party Approved Training Organisation's syllabus.
Reserved.
5.30.11 Remarks
This training is outsourced to third party approved training organisation. Training is

performed in accordance with the syllabi and training standards established by that
training organisation, subject to approval by the SSCA. The course syllabus shall include
at least the topics from Syllabus and Content subsection. Training diary and records and
all other training documents are obtained by JC Airlines after the training and shall be
retained and kept under the custody of Training Department.

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-1
FORMS Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
6 FORMS
6.1 FLIGHT CREW LINE TRAINING FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-2
6.2 PROGRESS EVALUATION FORM (EXAMPLE)

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-3
6.3 PILOT ASSESSMENT FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-4
6.4 LINE CHECK FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-5
6.5 AERODROME AND ROUTE COMPETENCE QUALIFICATION FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-6
6.6 OPC / PPC CERTIFICATE FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-7
(continued)

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-8
6.7 TRAINING COURSE FEEDBACK FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-9
(continued)

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-10
6.8 TRAINING AND CHECKING FEEDBACK FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-11
6.9 ANSWER SHEET FOR GROUND TRAINING EXAMINATIONS
Example of answer sheet used for ground training examinations:

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-12
6.10 CABIN CREW LINE TRAINING AND LINE CHECK FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-13
(continued)

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-14
(continued)

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-15
(continued)

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-16
6.11 CABIN CREW INSTRUCTOR LINE CHECK FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-17
(continued)

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-18
6.12 CIC LINE CHECK FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-19
(continued)

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-20
6.13 CABIN CREW EVALUATION FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-21
(continued)

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-22
6.14 PLANNED EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT FORM

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-23

CHAPTER 6 P: 6-24
6.15 UNPLANNED EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT FORM

CHAPTER 7 P: 7-1
LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING PERSONNEL Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
7 LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING PERSONNEL

7.1 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PERSONNEL
Name Title
TBD
7.2 CABIN CREW TRAINING PERSONNEL
Name Title
TBD
7.3 GROUND INSTRUCTORS
Name Title
TBD

CHAPTER 7 P: 7-2
LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING PERSONNEL Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 8 P: 8-1
LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING AIRCRAFT Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
8 LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING AIRCRAFT

IFR equipped aircraft to be used in JC Airlines for flight training:
All aircraft as listed in JC Airlines’ Operations Specifications (OpsSpec) may be used for
flight training. Refer to current Company OpsSpec.

CHAPTER 8 P: 8-2
LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING AIRCRAFT Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
Intentionally Blank

CHAPTER 9 P: 9-1
LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING DEVICES Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
9 LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING DEVICES

Approved training devices to be used in JC Airlines training for flight crew simulator
training:
Level D Simulator A320

Registration Organisation Place
SM SBV 12/07 (S/N) Pan Am Bangkok, Thailand
Approved training devices to be used in JC Airlines training for cabin crew / flight crew
training:
Mock-up Training Device

Company Place
Vietnam Airlines Training Center Hochiminh, Vietnam
Wet Drill Facility

Company Place
Fire Training Facility

Company Place
Cabin Door Trainer / Evacuation Slide Device

Company Place

CHAPTER 9 P: 9-2
LIST OF APPROVED TRAINING DEVICES Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017
Intentionally Blank

10.om Part D PDF

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

10.om Part D PDF

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

PRELIMINARY PAGES P: AA-2

AUTHORITY APPROVAL Rev. 00, 10 JAN 2017

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

DISTRIBUTION CONTROL LIST

No. Document Control No. Holder

2. JC/OM-D/002 SSCA - Phnom Penh

3. JC/OM-D/003 Training Manager

4. JC/OM-D/004 Flight Operations Manager

5. JC/OM-D/005 Quality Assurance Director

6. JC/OM-D/006 Company Library

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

OM Part D and subsequent revisions (amendments) have to be approved by the SSCA in

OM Part D shall be acceptable to the SSCA and shall be amended or revised as is

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

hard copies. Regulations and procedures of a temporary or informative nature shall be

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

RETAIN THIS SHEET UNTIL REPLACED WITH NEW ISSUE

Revision No Content Summary

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

RECORD OF AUTHORITY REVISION APPROVALS

Revision No Revision Date Authority Approval Signature Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Revision No Revision Date Authority Approval Signature Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS

List of Temporary Revisions

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

RECORD OF AUTHORITY TEMPORARY REVISION APPROVALS

Revision No Revision Date Authority Approval Signature Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Revision No Revision Date Authority Approval Signature Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Reason for issue: New document.

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Page Revision Date

OPERATIONS MANUAL PART D JC CAMBODIA INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES