Question 1

Which of the following region of the atmosphere absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation?
a. Ozone layer CorrectThe ozone layer is a very thin layer which protects life on earth by absorbing
harmful ultraviolet radiation fromt the sun.
b. Ionosphere
c. Heterosphere
d. Thermosphere
Feedback
The correct answer is: Ozone layer

Question 2
Which of the following is an opening of the Earth’s crust?
a. Hill
b. Valley
c. Volcano CorrectVolcano is a fissure or vent through which molten rock material, r magma and gases
from the interior of the Earth erupt on to its surface. The processes that create volcanoes and other
volcanic structures are called volcanism or vulcanism. As landforms, volcanoes are formed by the
deposition of the magma that flows or is ejected, normally from one or several circular vents, as molten
or solid material.
d. Crater
The correct answer is: Volcano

Question 3
Who among the following scientists paved the way for modern exploration by advancing the theory that
planets revolve aound the sun?
Select one:
a. Harvey
b. Ptolemy
c. Copernicus CorrectCopernicus was the one who theorized that the sun is the center of the solar
system and that all the planets revolve around the sun.
d. Aristotle
The correct answer is: Copernicus

Question 4
Which of the following describes the air during humid days?
a. Cold and moist
b. Warm and moist CorrectHumidity is the moisture content of the atmosphere. The atmosphere always
contains some moisture in the form of water vapor, the maximum amount depending on the
temperature. The amount of vapor that will saturate the air increases with a rise in temperature: at 4.4
oC, 454 Kg of moist air contains a maximum of 2 Kg of water vapor; at 37.8 oC, 1000 lbs of moist air
contains a maximum of 18 Kg of water vapor. When the atmosphere is saturated with water, the level of
discomfort is high because the evaporation of moisture from the body as perspiration, with its attendant
cooling effect is impossible.
c. Warm and dry
d. Cold and dry
The correct answer is: Warm and moist

Question 5
Farmers are advised by agriculturists to plant which of the following crops during El Nino?
a. Green leafy vegetables
b. Upland rice crops
c. Root crops CorrectRain is scarce during El Nino. Root crops need less water so they can survive
through a season of less rain.
d. Corn crops
The correct answer is: Root crops

Question 6
Which of the following elements is most common in the earth's crust?
a. Calcium
b. Silicon CorrectSilicon is the most common in the earth's crust. Some of the earth's crust materials
come from the magma beneath it. This magma contains a high percentage of silicon and oxygen. The
earth's crust has 88 elements, only a few of which are commonly found in magma. Of all these elements,
only eight make up an essential part of the earth's crust and therefore of most rocks.
c. Iron
d. Aluminum
The correct answer is: Silicon

Question 7
The process by which water evaporates from plants is called as:
a. Transpiration CorrectThrough the process of transpiration, more than 90% of the water taken in by
plant roots is ultimately lost to the atmosphere, almost all of it from the leaves. It passes out primarily
through the stomata in the form of water vapor.
b. Vapor release
c. Exhalatioin
d. Advection
The correct answer is: Transpiration

Question 8
Which of the following may not help control floods?
a. Construction of flood ways
b. Deforestation CorrectDeforestation te wanton cutting of trees without replacing those that were cut.
The roots of the trees hold the soil to prevent floods. Deforestation therefore, is not a means to control
floods
c. Reforestation
d. Crop rotation
The correct answer is: Deforestation

Question 9
This is the lowest portion of the atmosphere:
a. Exosphere
b. Ionosphere
c. Troposphere CorrectTroposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere and the site of all
weather processes making up its climate (weather over long periods of time). It extends up to an
altitude of about 11 Km above the polar zones and to about 16 Km above the equatorial regions. The
tropopause forms the boundary between troposphere and stratosphere.
d. Stratosphere
The correct answer is: Troposphere

Question 10
Which of the following determines the development of soil in a particular place?
a. The type of bedrock
b. All of the above CorrectThe climate of an area is the most important factor in determining how soils
are formed. Chemical weathering, which turns rocks into soil, takes place more quickly in climates with
high temperatures and plentiful rainfall. The mineral composition of the rock can affect the rate of
weathering as well as the composition of the soil forms. The mineral composition of the rock can affect
the rate of weathering as well as the composition of the soil. A spadeful of a dark, rich soil will reveal
numerous earthworms, ants and other burrowing animals. The burrowing action of these animals serves
to mix the soil and produce passages through which water and air can pass. Organic wastes from these
animals enrich the soil further, enhancing its quality
c. Climate
d. Presence of plant and animal life
The correct answer is: All of the above

Question 11
Factories need permits from the DENR before they can operate. This will ensure which of the following?
a. Environmental friendliness
b. Pollution prevention
c. Viability of the factory
d. Environmental clearance CorrectDENR is the acronym for Department of Environment and Natural
Resources. This option pertains to the viability of having a factory that is cleared from causing any form
of hazardous activities to the environment.
The correct answer is: Environmental clearance

Question 12
Complete the statement: All the planets in the solar system ______________.
a. Are exactly of the same size
b. Revolve around the sun CorrectThe general characteristic of a planet is that it revolves around the
sun. It is not considered as a planet if it does not revolve around the sun
c. Can all maintain life
d. Have the same temperature
Feedback
The correct answer is: Revolve around the sun

Question 13
Seasons occur because of which of the following?
a. Earth may be near or far from the sun
b. Solar radiation did not reach the surface of the earth
c. The earth revolves around the sun, it also rotates on its axis
d. Earth's axis is tilted CorrectBecause the earth's axis is tilted, the solar radiation received by different
parts of the Earth is not the same. Thus, the temperature of these areas are not also the same. When
the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the northern hemisphere receives more of the sun's energy and
temperature there are higher. This is the start of summer of the start of the dry season in parts of the
northern hemisphere and the start of winter or wet season in parts of the southern hemisphere.
The correct answer is: Earth's axis is tilted

Question 14
In a community near a volcano, which rock type is most likely to be found?
a. Sedimentary
b. Lava
c. Igneous CorrectIgneous rock is formed by the cooling and subsequent solidification of a molten mass
of rock material, known as magma. Composed almost entirely of silicate minerals, igneous rocks are
often classified by their silica content. The major categories are referred to as acid and basic, with
granite and rhyolite typical of the former, gabbro and basalt the latter.
d. Metamorphic
The correct answer is: Igneous

Question 15
It is the movement of the huge solid rock plates of the Earth:
a. Weathering
b. Diastrophism
c. Erosion
d. All of the above CorrectDiastrophisms are movements of rock plates of the Earth’s crust that result in
the formation of the continents and islands.
The correct answer is: All of the above

Question 16
According to this theory, the universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded
Select one:
a. Nebular Theory
b. Big Bang Model CorrectBig Bang Model – The Universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state
which expanded rapidly. This rapid expansion caused the young universe to cool and resulted in its
present continuously expanding state.
c. Plasma Expansion Theory
d. Heliocentric Model
The correct answer is: Big Bang Model

Question 17
Which of the following may be observed when the moon cannot be seen at all because it passes directly
between the earth and the sun?
a. First quarter
b. Full Moon
c. Last quarter
d. New Moon CorrectDuring the new moon phase, the moon is between the earth and the sun, blocking
the light from the sun, during, this phase the moon is not observable
The correct answer is: New Moon

Question 18
Why is the invention of the telescope so significant?
a. Because it analyes the composition of the planet
b. Because it determines the age of the stars
c. Because it allows for the observation of objects that are distant CorrectTelescope came from the two
Latin words "tele" meaning far and scope (skopos) meaning to see. The telescope, therefor, is used to
see and observe far objects
d. Because it brightens the light coming from the stars
The correct answer is: Because it allows for the observation of objects that are distant

Question 19
It is the natural transfer of soil and other materials from one place to another:
Select one:
a. Pollination
b. Migration
c. Erosion CorrectErosion refers to the natural physical and chemical processes by which the soil and the
rocks of the Earth’s crust are continuously abraded and corroded. Most erosion results from the
combined activity of several factors such as heat, cold, gases, water, wind, gravity and plant life.
d. Fragmentation
The correct answer is: Erosion

Question 20
When does solar eclipse occur?
a. When the Earth is between the moon and the sun
b. When the Earth is behind the sun
c. When the moon is between the Earth and the sun CorrectDuring solar eclipse, the moon is between
the Earth and the sun. The moon blocks the light from the sun, casting a shadow on Earth
d. When the is between the Earth and the moon
Feedback
The correct answer is: When the moon is between the Earth and the sun

Question 21
This is a rigid shell of the earth which is made up of plates containing the continents and oceans:
a. Hydrosphere
b. Lithosphere CorrectLithos is a greek work which means stone. The lithosphere is the near rigid outer
shell of the Earth, comprising the crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle, and made up of
numerous blocks that are in motion in relative to each other – the plates of plate tectonics theory.
c. Atmosphere
d. Stratosphere
The correct answer is: Lithosphere

Question 22
The factors listed below contributes to the greenhouse effect, except:
a. Excessive use of detergents CorrectGreen house gases in the Earth's atmosphere include carbon
dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Carbon dioxide is produced during forest fires and burning of
wastes. Deforestation clears forests with trees. Trees use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis so when
trees are gone the amount of carbon dioxide in air from carbon dioxide producing organisms and the
other sources will increase. Excessive use of detergents may cause eutrophication when dumped to
bodies of water.
b. Extensive deforestation
c. Uncontrollable burning of wastes
d. Forest fires
The correct answer is: Excessive use of detergents

Question 23
The sun is mostly made of which gas?
a. Hydrogen CorrectThe sun is a burning fuel and that fuel is hydrogen which is the most comon material
in the universe. The gas is consumed through nuclear fusion in the sun's core wherein four hydrogen gas
particles come together to make a helium nucleus. The sum of the masses of all the particles produced
in the reaction is less than the mass of the original four protons. The lost mass has been converted into
energy - the nuclear energy that powers the sun and eventually radiates out into space.
b. Nitrogen
c. Oxygen
d. Helium
Feedback
The correct answer is: Hydrogen

Question 24
The Philippines lies in the region where many volcanoes are active. This region is termed as:
a. Archipelagic fault line
b. Wheel of Fire
c. Volcanic Rim
d. Ring of Fire CorrectThe Philippines is considered one of the countries with many volcanoes and
volcanic eruptions. This is because our country lies in the Pacific Ring of Fire a region of high seismic and
volcanic activities that surruds the basin of Pacific Ocean
The correct answer is: Ring of Fire

Question 25
The movement of a wind is always from:
a. East to west region
b. North to south region
c. Low pressure region to high pressure region
d. High pressure region to low pressure region CorrectAir has mass and volume and exerts pressure. In
cool air, the molecules move cloer together causing the air to become denser and to sink. Thus the
dense air causes a high pressure area. low pressure areas may form when air is warmed, causing
molecules to move apart and to become less dense. Air moves from an area of high pressure to an area
of low pressure. This movement of air is caused by density differences in wind.
The correct answer is: High pressure region to low pressure region

Question 26
Tropical disturbance are classified as tropical depression, tropical storm or typhoon. The classification is
based on the ________________.
a. Amount of rainfall
b. Amount of rainfall and strength of accompanying winds
c. Origin of formation
d. Strength of the accompanying winds CorrectPAGASA classifies the weather disturbances according to
the strength of the accompanying winds. The amount of rainfall is not the basis of classifying weather
disturbances.
The correct answer is: Strength of the accompanying winds

Question 27
According to this theory the earth’s surface consists of plates whose constant motion explains
continental drift, mountain building and occurrence of earthquakes.
a. Wegenerian Theory
b. Volcanism
c. Plate Tectonics CorrectPlate Tectonics is the theory of global tectonics (Geological structural
deformations) that has served as a master key, in modern geology, for understanding the structure,
history and dynamics of the Earth’s Lithosphere which includes the crust. The theory is based on the
observation that the solid layer of the Earth’s lithosphere is broken up into about a dozen semi-rigid
plates. The boundaries of these plates are zones of tectonic activity, where earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions tend to occur.
d. Diastrophism
The correct answer is: Plate Tectonics

Question 28
These are rocks formed at the bottom of the sea:
Select one:
a. Metamorphic
b. Magma
c. Sedimentary CorrectSedimentary rocks consist of sediments at the bottom of the sea that hardened
through time.
d. Igneous
The correct answer is: Sedimentary

Question 29
Which among the following protects living things on Earth from the harmful radiation of the sun?
Select one:
a. Atmosphere
b. Ozone Layer CorrectOzone is the layer in the atmosphere that serves as a screen from the harmful
effects of the sun’s radiation.
c. Carbon monoxide
d. Clouds
The correct answer is: Ozone Layer

Question 30
When molten rock materials are expelled outside the earth’s surface they are termed as:
Select one:
a. Dunes
b. Magma CorrectMagma is molten rock beneath the earth’s surface, but molten rock
c. Steam
d. Lava
The correct answer is: Magma

Question 31
Which of the following exemplifies a solar eclipse?
Select one:
a. The shadow of the Earth blocks the moon
b. The Earth is between the moon and the sun
c. The sun is between the Earth and the moon and its shadow obscures the latter CorrectA solar eclipse
occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun and its shadow falls on the Earth.
Although the sun’s diameter is 400 times greater than that of the moon, it is also about 400 times
farther. This makes their diameters apparently the same from the Earth.
d. The moon passes between the Earth and the Sun and its shadow falls on the Earth
The correct answer is: The sun is between the Earth and the moon and its shadow obscures the latter

Question 32
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the eras of the earth's history from the oldest to the
most recent?
Select one:
a. Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Precambrian, Mesozoic
b. Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Precambrian, Mesozoic
c. Precambrian, Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Paleozoic
d. Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic CorrectIn geologic timetable, it was theorized that the
Eart was formed out of nothing. The Precambrian era described the Earth to be void, with no water, air.
Nothing existed. It was followed by Paleozoic era where unicellular organisms started to exist; Mesozoic
era and its Jurassic period, and the latest which is the Cenozoic era.
The correct answer is: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

Question 33
Which of the following climate types in the country makes November to April relatively drier than other
parts of the year?
Select one:
a. No dry season
b. Two pronounced seasons
c. Rainfall distributed throughout the year
d. Wet and dry season CorrectNovember to April is relatively drier than other parts of the year. Two
pronounced seasons – dry from November to April, and wet for the rest of the year. No dry season –
wet season throughout but maximum rainfall is from November to January.
The correct answer is: Wet and dry season

Question 34
This property can identify a substance:
a. Density CorrectDensity is the property of the substance which can identify it. It is the ratio of the mass
of a body to its volume, usually expressed in such units as kilograms per cubic meter, or pounds per
cubic foot.
b. Color
c. Components
d. Impact
Feedback
The correct answer is: Density
Question 35
If the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, what is the season at the north of the equator?
Select one:
a. Spring
b. Summer CorrectIf the North Pole is tilted towards the sun, the area north of the equator is exposed
more directly to sunlight. Thus, the season in this area is summer.
c. Winter
d. Fall
The correct answer is: Summer

Question 36
Which layer of the atmosphere returns radio and TV broadcasts back to Earth?
a. Stratosphere
b. Troposphere
c. Ionosphere CorrectIonosphere or Thermosphere, is the name given to a layer or layers of ionized air in
the atmosphere extending from almost 80 km (50 mi) above the surface of the Earth to altitudes of 640
km (400 mi) and more. At these altitudes the air is extremely thin, having about the density of the gas in
a vacuum tube. The ionosphere exerts a great influence on the propagation of radio signals. Energy that
is radiated from a transmitter upwards towards the ionosphere is in part refracted, or bent downwards
again, towards the surface of the Earth. The bending effect makes possible the reception of radio signals
at distances much greater than would be possible for waves that travelled along the surface of the
Earth.
d. Exosphere
The correct answer is: Ionosphere

Question 37
In evaporation, liquid water molecules becomes:
a. Atoms of the hydrogen and oxygen
b. Separate atoms of water
c. Tiny drops of water
d. Molecules of water vapor CorrectEvaporation is the process by which a liqiod changes into gas. In this
process, liquid water molecules become molecules of water vapor which is the gaseous form of water
molecules.
The correct answer is: Molecules of water vapor

Question 38
The increasing amount of which of the following in the atmosphere contributes to global warming?
a. Mercury
b. Carbon dioxide CorrectThe amount of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing by 0.4%
a year because of the use of fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal; the slash-and-burn clearing of tropical
forests has also been a contributing factor in the carbon cycle. This has led to a phenomenon called
global warming.
c. Argon
d. Nitrogen
Feedback
The correct answer is: Carbon dioxide

Question 39
Which of the following is true regarding monsoons?
a. It causes rainy weather not attributed to tropical cyclones CorrectMonsoons are seasonal changes in
atmospheric circulation and precipitation due to asymmetric heating of land and sea. Northeast
monsoon (Amihan) – blows from November to April causing rainy weather. Southwest monsoon
(Habagat) – blows from May to October causing rainy weather.
b. The Northeast monsoon blows from November to April causing dry cold weather
c. The Northeast Monsoon blows from May to October causing rainy weather
d. These are seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation due to asymmetric heating of
mountains and plains
The correct answer is: It causes rainy weather not attributed to tropical cyclones

Question 40
Lunar eclipse does not occur each month because:
a. The dark side of the moon rarely faces the earth
b. The earth is usually between the moon and the sun
c. The moon's orbit is at an angle to the earth's orbit around the sun CorrectThe moon's orbit is at an
angle to the earth's orbit around the sun
d. The moon rarely comes close enough to the earth
The correct answer is: The moon's orbit is at an angle to the earth's orbit around the sun

Question 41
When a violent storm occurs over the Pacific region, it is termed as:
a. Tornado
b. Typhoon CorrectHurricane is the name applied to migratory tropical cyclones that originate over
oceans in certain regions near the equator, and particularly to those arising in the West Indian Region,
including the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Hurricane type cyclones in the western Pacific are
known as typhoons.
c. Monsoon
d. Cyclone
The correct answer is: Typhoon

Question 42
The formation of fog generally occurs after the ground has lost heat by which of the following
mechanisms?
a. Radiation CorrectAlthough all four choices contribute to the formatioin of fog, heat loss which
eventually leads to fog formation is greatly caused by radiation. Radiatioin fog forms over land when
moist air cools on clear nights. As the ground and the moist air above it cools rapidly, the dew point is
quickly reached as compared to other fog types. Water vapor then condenses as droplets of fog.
Radiation fog often lingers throughout the early daylight hours until the temperature rises enough to
evaporate the moisture
b. Evaporation
c. Transpiration
d. Convection
The correct answer is: Radiation

Question 43
Question text
According to this theory, the earth initially has one single continent and broke off to several pieces
which became the continents of today:
Select one:
a. Sea floor Spreading Theory
b. Plate Tectonics Theory
c. Continental Drift Theory CorrectAccording to Alfred Wegener in the Continental Drift Theory, the
Pangaea is the single major continent which broke into two piece (Laurasia and Gondwanaland)
d. Pangaea
The correct answer is: Continental Drift Theory

Question 44
Which of the following is not true regarding the greenhouse effect?
Select one:
a. The heat is absorbed in each layer of the atmosphere through the greenhouse gases.
b. About 50% of the sun’s energy is absorbed at the Earth’s surface and the rest is reflected by clouds
c. Increasing the concentration of the greenhouse gases helps cool the earth’s surface CorrectIncreasing
the concentration of the greenhouse gases increases the amount of absorption and radiation, and
thereby further warms the earth surface.
d. The absorbed energy warms the earth’s surface. The surface of the Earth, warmed to a temperature
around 255 K, radiates infrared heat.
The correct answer is: Increasing the concentration of the greenhouse gases helps cool the earth’s
surface

Question 45
Where are fossils mostly found?
a. Metamorphic rocks
b. Igneous rocks
c. Plutonic rocks
d. Sedimentary rocks CorrectSedimentary rocks originated from the sediments of water resources.
Fossils are markings of ancient organisms which are aquatic in nature
Feedback
The correct answer is: Sedimentary rocks

Question 46
These are huge waves that accompany volcanic eruptions and earthquakes under the sea:
Select one:
a. Tsunamis CorrectTsunami is the scientific term for a seismic sea wave, a large ocean wave generated
by an undersea earthquake. The wave is thought to be triggered when the ocean floor is tilted or offset
during the quake. Another possible cause is an undersea landslide or volcanic eruption. Tsunamis have
erroneously been called tidal waves, but they have nothing to do with diurnal pattern of high and low
tides.
b. Tidal waves
c. Volcanic bombs
d. Steambursts
Feedback
The correct answer is: Tsunamis

Question 47
The following are effects of deforestation, except:
Select one:
a. Global warming
b. Pollution CorrectHarmful substances known as pollutants contaminate bodies of water, air or soil
causing pollution. Clearing forests and trees results to flash floods, global warming and landslides
c. Landslides
d. Flash floods
The correct answer is: Pollution

Question 48
The troposphere is considered warmest near the Earth's surface. Which of the following statements best
explains this phenomenon?
a. Lightning strikes the surface which in turn heats the layer above
b. The air is most compressed there by the weight of the atmosphere
c. The earth's surface reradiates solar energy which heats the lower troposphere CorrectLess than half
of the sun's energy coming to the earth actually reaches the surface. Most of the radiation that does
strike the earth is absorbed by the surface. The energy is reradiated as infrared radiation which heats
the lower troposphere. The radiation is also called heat energy. The warmer the troposphere becomes,
the more infrared radiation is given off.
d. Radioactive elements in the earth's crust heat atmosphere above the ground
The correct answer is: The earth's surface reradiates solar energy which heats the lower troposphere

Question 49
It is the mixture of gases surrounding the Earth:
a. Hydrosphere
b. Lithosphere
c. Aeropsphere
d. Atmosphere CorrectThe atmosphere is a mixture of gases surrounding any celestial object that has a
gravitational field strong enough to prevent the gases from escaping. The principal constituents of the
atmosphere of the Earth are Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%). The other gases making up the Earth’s
atmosphere are Argon, Carbon dioxide, Water vapor and small amounts of Hydrogen, Ozone, Methane,
Carbon monoxide, Helium, Neon, Krypton and Xenon.
The correct answer is: Atmosphere

Question 50
Among the following, which one has the greatest gravitational force?
a. Saturn
b. Sun CorrectIn the solar system, the sun has the greatest gravitational force since it is the most
massive among all the objects in it.
c. Earth
d. Jupiter
The correct answer is: Sun