G e n e r a l In s t r u c t io n s

(i) All questions are compulsory.

(ii) Questions number 1 to 5 are very short-answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
(iii) Questions number 6 to 10 are short-answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
(iv) Questions number 11 to 22 are also short-answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
(v) Questions number 23 is a value based question and carry 4 marks.
(vi) Questions number 24 to 26 are long-answer questions and carry 5 marks each.

Time : 3 hours Max. Marks : 70

SET-I
1. Write the formula of the compound of Or
phosphorus which is obtained when conc. HNO3 Write the structures of the products when
oxidises P4 . butan-2-ol reacts with the following :
2. Write the IUPAC name of the following (a) CrO3 (b) SOCl2
compound.
7. Calculate the number of unit cells in 8.1 g of
H3C ¾ C == C ¾ CH2 ¾ OH aluminium, if it crystallises in a face centred
½ ½ cubic (fcc) structure.
CH3 Br
(Atomic mass of Al = 27 g mol -1)
3. What is the effect of adding a catalyst on 8. Draw the structures of the following :
(a) Activation energy (E a ) and (a) H2SO3 (b) HClO3
(b) Gibbs energy ( DG ) of a reaction?
9. Write the name of the cell which is generally used
in hearing aids. Write the reactions taking place
X
X at the anode and the cathode of this cell.
4. Out of and which is an example of
10. Using IUPAC norms write the formulae for the
allylic halide? following :

5. What type of colloid is formed when a liquid is
dispersed in a solid? Give an example.
6. (a) Arrange the following compounds in the
increasing order of their acidic strength :
p-cresol, p-nitrophenol, phenol
(a) Sodium dicyanidoaurate (I).
(b) Tetraamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum (IV)
sulphate.
11. (a) Based on the nature of intermolecular forces,
classify the following solids :

(b) Write the mechanism (using curved arrow Silicon carbide, argon
notation) of the following reaction. (b) ZnO turns yellow on heating. Why?

H O+ + (c) What is meant by groups 12-16 compounds?

CH2 == CH2 ¾ ¾¾
3
® CH3 ¾ CH2 + H2O Give an example.
12. (a) The cell in which the following reaction
occurs :
-
2Fe (aq) + 2I (aq) ¾® 2Fe (aq) + I2(s )
3+ 2+
has E °
cell = 0. 236 V at 298 K. Calculate the
standard Gibbs energy of the cell reaction.
(Given, 1 F = 96500 C mol -1)
(b) How many electrons flow through a metallic
wire if a current of 0.5 A is passed for 2 h?
(given, 1 F = 96500 C mol -1)
13. (a) What type of isomerism is shown by the
complex [Co(NH3)5(SCN)] 2+ ?
(b) Why[NiCl4 ] 2- is paramagnetic while
[Ni(CN) 4 ] 2- is diamagnetic?
(Atomic number of Ni = 28)
(c) Why are low spin tetrahedral complexes
rarely observed?
14. Write one difference in each of the following.
(a) Multimolecular colloid and associated colloid.
(b) Coagulation and peptisation.
(c) Homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous
catalysis.
Or
(a) Write the dispersed phase and dispersion
medium of milk.
(b) Write one similarity between physisorption
and chemisorption.
(c) Write the chemical method by which Fe(OH) 3
sol is prepared from FeCl3.
15. A first order reaction takes 20 minutes for 25%
decomposition. Calculate the time when 75% of
the reaction will be completed.
given: log 2 = 0.3010, log 3 = 0.4771,
log 4 = 0.6021
16. The following compounds are given to you :
2-bromopentane, 2-bromo-2-methylbutane,
1-bromopentane.
(a) Write the compound which is most reactive
towards SN 2 reaction.
(b) Write the compound which is optically active.
(c) Write the compound which is most reactive
towards b -elimination reaction.
17. Write the principle of the following :
(a) Zone refining
(b) Froth floatation process
(c) Chromatography
18. Write the structures of compounds A, B and C in
the following reactions.
NH 3 / D Br2 /KOH (aq )
(a) CH3 ¾ COOH ¾¾¾® A ¾
¾¾¾¾¾® B
CHCl 3 + alc.KOH
¾¾¾¾¾¾® C
NaNO 2 / Cu Fe/HCl
(b) C 6H5N+2 BF4- ¾¾¾¾® A ¾¾¾¾® B
D
CH 3 COCl/pyridine
¾¾¾ ¾¾¾¾® C
19. Write the structures of the monomers used for
getting the following polymers :
(a) Nylon-6, 6
(b) Melamine formaldehyde polymer
(c) Buna-S
20. Define the following :
(a) Anionic detergents
(b) Limited spectrum antibiotics
(c) Antiseptics
21. Given reasons for the following :
(a) Red phosphorus is less reactive than white
phosphorus.
(b) Electron gain enthalpies of halogens are
largely negative.
(c) N2O5 is more acidic than N2O3.
22. Give reasons for the following :
(a) Acetylation of aniline reduces its activation
effect.
(b) CH3NH2 is more basic than C 6H5NH2.
(c) Although ¾ NH2 is o/p - directing group, yet
aniline on nitration gives a significant amount
of m-nitroaniline.
23. After watching a programme on TV about the
presence of carcinogens (cancer causing agents),
potassium bromate and potassium iodate in
bread and other bakery products, Rupali a Class
XII student decided to make others aware about
the adverse effects of these carcinogens in
foods. She consulted the school principal and
requested him to instruct the canteen contractor
to stop selling sandwiches, pizzas, burgers and
other bakery products to the students. The
principal took an immediate action and instructed
the canteen contractor to replace the bakery
products with some protein and vitamin rich food
like fruits, salads, sprouts, etc. The decision was
welcomed by the parents and the students.
 After reading the above passage, answer the 25. (a) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in
following questions. water has a freezing point of 269.15 K.
(a) What are the values (at least two) displayed Calculate the freezing point of 10% glucose
by Rupali? in water if the freezing point of pure water
is 273.15 K.
(b) Which polysaccharide component of
carbohydrates is commonly present in (Given, molar mass of sucrose = 342g mol -1
bread? and molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol -1)
(c) Write the two types of secondary structures (b) Define the following terms :
of proteins. (i) Molality (m) (ii) Abnormal molar mass
(d) Give two examples of water soluble Or
vitamins. (a) 30 g of urea (M = 60 g mol -1) is dissolved in
846 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure
24. (a) Account for the following : of water for this solution if vapour pressure of
(i) Transition metals show variable oxidation pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg.
states.
(b) Write two differences between ideal solutions
(ii) Zn,Cd and Hg are soft metals. and non-ideal solutions.
(iii) E °value for the Mn3 + / Mn2 + couple is highly
positive (+ 1.57 V) as compared to 26. (a) Write the product(s) in the following reactions
Cr3 + / Cr 2 + . O
(b) Write one similarity and one difference (i) + HCN → ?
between the chemistry of lanthanoid and
COONa
actinoid elements. (ii)
CaO
+ NaOH → ?
∆
Or
(a) DIBAL - H
(a) Following are the transition metal ions of (iii) CH3 ¾ CH == CH ¾ CN ?
(b) H 2 O
3d series :
(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish
Ti4 + , V 2+ , Mn3+ , Cr 3+ between the following pairs of compounds :
(Atomic numbers : (i) Butanal and butan-2-one
Ti = 22, V = 23, Mn = 25, Cr = 24)
(ii) Benzoic acid and phenol
Answer the following :
Or
(i) Which ion is most stable in an aqueous (a) Write the reactions involved in the following :
solution and why?
(i) Etard reaction
(ii) Which ion is a strong oxidising agent and
why? (ii) Stephen reduction
(iii) Which ion is colourless and why? (b) How will you convert the following in not more
than two steps :
(b) Complete the following equations :
(i) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde
(i) 2MnO -4 + 16H+ + 5S 2 - ¾®
(ii) Acetophenone to benzoic acid
Heat
(ii) KMnO 4 ¾¾® (iii) Ethanoic acid to 2-hydroxyethanoic acid
 ANSWERS
1. Concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) oxidises phosphorus 7. 1 mole of Al = Avogadro’s constant
(P4) to phosphoric acid (H3PO4).
= 6.023 ´ 10 23
P4 +20HNO3 ¾® 4H3PO4 + 20NO2 + 4H2O 1 mole of aluminium (Al) = 27 g = 6.02 ´ 10 23 atoms
(Conc. )
4 3 2 1 \ Number of atoms present in 1 g of Al
2. H3 C ¾ C == C ¾ CH2 ¾ OH 6.02 ´ 10 23
½ ½ =
27
CH3 Br
2-bromo-3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol
Number of atoms present in 81
. g of
6.02 ´ 10 23 ´ 81
.
3. (a) Catalyst lowers the activation energy and changes Al =
27
the path of the reaction.
(b) A catalyst does not alter Gibbs energy ( DG) of a Face centred cubic (fcc) unit cell contains 4 atoms.
reaction. 6.02 ´ 10 23
\Number of unit cells = ´ 81
.
4. In allylic halides, the halogen is bonded to the 27 ´ 4
sp3 -hybridised carbon atom next to a carbon-carbon
= 4.52 ´ 10 22
double bond. Thus,
X 8. Structures
(i) H2SO3 (ii) HClO3
H
3-halocyclohex-1-ene O
is a allylic halide. S Cl
5. The colloid which is formed when a liquid is HO O , O
dispersed in a solid is gel. e.g. butter. OH O
Sulphurous acid Chloric acid
´
6. (a) Electron with drawing groups such as ¾NO2
increases the acidic character while electron 9. Mercury cell is suitable for low current devices like
releasing group such as ¾CH3 decreases the acidic hearing aids, watches, etc.
character thus, the increasing order of acidic The electrode reactions of a mercury cell can be
strength is written as
OH OH OH
At anode
-
Zn(Hg) + 2OH ¾® ZnO ( s) + H2O + 2e-
At cathode
-
CH3 NO2 HgO(s) + H2O + 2e- ¾® Hg(l) + 2OH
(p-cresol) (Phenol) (p-nitrophenol)
Overall reaction of the cell is written as
(b) The mechanism for the formation of carbocation is
as follows Zn(Hg)+HgO( s) ¾® ZnO( s)+Hg(l)
H 10. (a) Na[Au(CN) 2] - Sodium dicyanidoaurate (I)
+
CH2
+
CH2 + H—O—H → CH3—CH2 + H2O (b) [Pt (NH3) 4 Cl(NO2)] SO4 -Tetraamminechlorido
nitrito-N-platinum (IV) sulphate
Or
11. (a) Silicon carbide (SiC)- Covalent or network solid.
Products obtained when butan-2-ol reacts with CrO3 In covalent or network solids, constituent particles
and SOCl2, respectively are as follows are atoms
OH O Argon (Ar) - Molecular solid (Non-polar).
½ CrO3 ½½
(a) CH3 CH2 CH CH3 ¾ ¾¾ ® CH3 CH2 C CH3 In non-polar molecular solids, constituent particles
Butan-2-ol Butan-2-one
are either atoms (noble gas-Ar, He) or the molecules
(2°- alcohol) formed by non-polar covalent bonds [H2, Cl2 and I2 ]
OH
½ SOCl2 (b) Yellow colour of ZnO is due to metal excess defect.
(b) CH3 CH2 CH CH3 ¾¾® Zinc oxide (ZnO) which is white in colour on
Butan-2-ol Cl heating loses oxygen and turns yellow.
½ 1
ZnO ¾ ¾¾¾® Zn 2+ + O2 + 2e-
Heating
CH3 CH2 C HCH3 + SO2 ­ + HCl
2-chloro-butane
2
 The excess Zn 2+ ion thus, formed get trapped into In case of [NiCl4 ]2- , Cl- is a weak field ligand so
vacant interstitial sites and the electrons in the pairing of electrons in 3d-orbital does not occur, hence
neighbouring interstitial sites. compound is paramagnetic with two unpaired
electrons. In [Ni(CN) 4 ]2- , CN- is a strong field ligand,
(c) A large variety of solid state materials have been
prepared by combination of group 12 and hence pairing occurs and [Ni(CN) 4 ]2- is diamagnetic.
16 elements to stimulate average valence of four (c) For tetrahedral complexes, the crystal field
e.g. ZnS, CdS, CdSe and HgTe. In these compounds, stabilisation energy is lower than pairing energy, so
the bonds are not perfectly covalent and the ionic they are rarely formed in low spin state.
character depends on the electronegativities of the
two elements. 14. (a) Multimolecular colloid These are aggregates of
atoms or molecules with diameter less than 1 nm.
12. (a) Standard Gibbs Free energy is given by Associated colloid These colloids are produced by
DG° = -nFE° cell …(i) the aggregates of a large number of ions because of
where, n = number of moles of electrons transfered the attraction towards oppositely charged ions in
F = Faraday’s constant = 96500 Cmol-1 concentrated solution.
E° cell = Cell potential
Two half-reactions for the given redox reaction can (b) Coagulation It is a process of aggregating together
be written as the colloidal particles so as to change them into
large sized particles which ultimately settle as a
2 Fe3+( aq) + 2e- ¾® 2 Fe2+( aq) precipitate.
2I- ¾® I2 + 2e- Peptisation It is the process of converting freshly
2 moles of electrons are involved in the reaction, prepared precipitate into colloidal sol by shaking it
hence n = 2. with the dispersion medium in the presence of
Therefore, by substituting all the values in Eq. electrolyte.
we get (i) (c) Homogeneous catalysis Refer to Delhi set
\ D rG° = - (2 mol)×(96500 C mol-1)×(0.236 V) Heterogeneous catalysis Refer to Delhi set
= - 45548 J Or
D rG° = - 45.55 kJ (a) Dispersed phase of milk = Liquid
(b) Given, current (i ) = 0.5 A, time (t ) = 2 h Dispersion medium of milk = Water (liquid)
Quantity of charge (Q) passed = Current (i ) ´ time (t )
(b) Both physisorption and chemisorption depends on
= (0 . 5 A) ´ (2 ´ 60 ´ 60 s) = 3600 C the surface area and increases with an increase of
Again, Q = ne- surface area.
where, n = number of electrons (c) The sol Fe(OH)3 is prepared by the hydrolysis of
e- = charge on electron ferric chloride (FeCl3)
Q 3600 C FeCl3 + 3H2O ¾® Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl
\ n= - = = 2250 ´ 10 19 Sol
e 16 . ´ 10 -19 C 15. For a first order reaction,
2.303 a
Thus, number of electrons = 2.250 ´ 10 22 K= log
t a-x
13. Linkage, isomerism arises in a coordination where, k = Rate constant
compound containing ambidentate ligand. Hence, a = initial concentration
(a) [Co(NH3)5(SCN)]2 + exhibit linkage isomerism due to ( a - x) = concentration after time ‘ t ’.
presence of SCN which is an ambidentate ligand When a first order reaction is 25% complete in
and can linked with metal either through N or S. 20 min.
[Co(NH3)5 SCN]2 + and [Co(NH3)5NCS]2 + a = 100 , a - x = 100 - 25 = 75, t = 20 min.
2 . 303 a 2 . 303 100
(b) The complex in which one or more unpaired \ k= log = log
electrons are present is paramagnetic while those t a-x 20 75
which does not contain any unpaired electron is 2 . 303
diamagnetic. = [log 4 - log 3] = 0 . 0143 min -1
20
3d 4s 4p
Ni atom (Z=28) For 75% completion of reaction,
a = 100 , a - x = 100 - 75 = 25, k = 0.0143 min -1
Oxidation state of Ni is + 2 in both the complexes
i.e. [NiCl4 ]2- and [Ni(CN) 4 ]2- . 2 . 303 a 2 . 303 100
t= log = log
3d 4s 4p
k a - x 0.0143 25
Ni2+= 2 . 303
= log 4 = 96.961 min.
0 . 0143
16. Refer to Delhi set I Q. 16. (b) Halogens have the smallest size in their respective
periods and therefore, have high effective nuclear
17. (a) Zone refining Refer to Delhi Set II Q. 13(b).
charge. As a result, they readily accept one electron
(b) Froth floatation process Refer to Delhi Set. to acquire the stable electronic configuration of the
(c) Chromatography Refer to Delhi Set I Q. 13(c). nearest noble gas. In other words, large amount of
NH /D Br /KOH ( aq ) energy is released when a halogen atom accepts an
18. (a) CH3COOH ¾ ¾¾
3
¾® CH3 CONH2 ¾ ¾¾¾¾
2
¾®
- H2O electron to form the corresponding halide ion and
Acetic acid Acetamide ( A )
thus, halogens have maximum negative electron
CHCl3 + alc. KOH
CH3NH2 ¾ ¾¾¾¾¾¾® CH3NC gain enthalpies.
Methylamine Methyl isocyanide
(B ) (C ) (c) N2 O 5 is more acidic than N 2O 3 because N 2O 3 is
+ NaNO /Cu, D the anhydride of nitrous acid, HNO2. N 2O 3
(b) C6H5 N 2 BF4- ¾ ¾¾¾¾
2 Fe/HCl
¾® C6H5NO2 ¾ ¾¾ ¾® dissolves in water to form the unstable acid.
- N2 , - NaBF4 Nitrobenzene Reduction
(A) N2 O 3 + H2O ¾® 2HNO2
CH3COCl/pyridine
C6H5NH2 ¾ ¾¾¾¾¾¾® C6H5NHCOCH3 Unstable
Aniline –HCl Acetanilide On the other hand, N2O5 is the anhydride of nitric
(B ) (C ) acid, HNO3 × N2 O5 dissolves in water to form nitric
acid.
19. (a)
N 2 O 5 + H 2O ¾® 2HNO 3
Polymer Monomer
22. Rerfer to Delhi set I Q. 22
(a) Nylon-6, 6 HOOC(CH 2 )4 COOH 23. Refer to Delhi set I Q. 23.
H H O O Adipic acid
½ ½ ½½ ½½ and H 2N(CH 2 )6NH 2 24. (a) (i) ns and (n - 1) d-electrons of transition metals
¾
[ N ¾(CH 2 )6 ¾N ¾C (CH 2 )4 ¾C ¾]n Hexamethylene diamine participate in bonding, which results in various
oxidation states. When, ns electrons take part in
(b) Melamine formaldehyde H2N N NH2 bonding, they exhibit lower oxidation states,
—HN N NH—CH2— + HCHO whereas when, (n -1) d-electrons alongwith ns
formaldehyde
N N electrons participate in bonding, they exhibit
N N higher oxidation states.
NH2
Melamine (ii) The outermost electronic configuration of Zn,
NH
Cd and Hg are as follows,
n
Zn = [ Ar ]183d 10 ,4s2
Cd = [Kr ]36 4d 10 ,4s2
(c) Buna-S CH 2 == CH ¾CH ==CH 2
¾[CH 2 ¾CH == CH ¾CH 2 1,3-butadiene Hg = [ Xe]54 , 5d 10 ,6s2
+ C 6H 5CH == CH 2 In Zn, Cd and Hg, all the electrons in d-subshell
C 6H 5 Styrene
are paired. Hence, the metallic bonds present in
½
¾CH 2 ¾C H ¾]n them are weak and they are soft metals.
(iii) Refer to Delhi set I Q. 24 (a) (iii)
20. (a) Anionic detergents Refer to Delhi set I Q. 20 (a). (b) Refer to Delhi set I Q. 24 (b)
(b) Limited spectrum antibiotics Antibiotics which kill or Or
inhibit a short range of gram positive or gram negative (a) Ti4 + - [Ar]18 3d 0 = 0 unpaired electrons
bacteria are called narrow spectrum antibiotics. If they
V 2 + - [Ar]18 3d 3 = 3 unpaired electrons
are effective against a single microorganism they are
known as limited spectrum antibiotics, e.g. penicillin. Mn3 + - [Ar]18 3d 4 = 4 unpaired electrons
Cr3 + - [Ar]18 3d 3 = 3 unpaired electrons
(c) Antiseptics Refer to Delhi set I Q. 20 (c). (i) Ti4+ is most stable in aqueous solution because
21. (a) White phosphorus is less stable and therefore, more it exhibit inert gas configuration.
reactive than the red phosphorus and other solid (ii) Mn3 + is a strong oxidising agent and it can
phases under normal conditions because of angular easily reduced to Mn 2 + because Mn 2 + has
strain in the P4 molecules of white phosphorus where half-filled (t 32g ) electronic configuration, so it is
the angles are only 60°. stable.
P P P P
60° (iii) Ti4 + is colourless due to absence of electrons in
P P P P P P P P d-orbital.
P P P P (b) (i) 2 MnO-4 + 16H+ + 5S2- ¾® 2Mn 2+ + 5S
White Red
+8H2O
phosphorus phosphorus
Heat
(ii) 2KMnO4 ¾ ¾ ¾® K 2 MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 ´
25. (a) First, calculate the value of molality (m); of sucrose (b) The differences between ideal and non-ideal
Wsolute ´ 1000 solutions are as follows :
using m = and then, calculate the
Msolute ´ Wsolvent Ideal solution Non-ideal solution
cryoscopic constant (Kf ) by using depression in (i) Each component (i) Their components do not
freezing point, DTf = Kf ´ m obeys Raoult’s law at obey Raoult’s law. They
Finally, calculate the DTf of glucose solution all temperature and show positive and
Followed by freezing point of glucose solution concentrations. negative deviations from
using, Tf = 27315
. - DTf Raoult’s law
For sucrose solution, (ii) D mix H = 0, D mix V = 0 (ii) D mix H ¹ 0, D mix V ¹ 0
W 1000
Molality of sucrose solution = 2 ´
M2 W1
26. (a) Cyclohexanone when reacts with hydrogen
Given, W2 = 10 g, M2 = 342 g mol-1, W1 = 90 g
cyanide (HCN) it form cyclohexanone cyanohydrin
10 1000 O
Molality (m) = ´ = 0.324 mol kg -1 HO CN
342 90
DTf for sucrose solution = 27315
. - 26915
. =4 (i) →
HCN

DTf = Kf ´ m
Cyclohexanone Cyclohexanone
4
Kf = K kg mol -1 cyanohydrin
0.324
(ii) The sodium benzoate reacts with soda lime to give
For glucose solution, W2 = 10 g, M2 = 180 g mol-1, benzene
W1 = 90 g –+
COONa
10 1000
Molality of glucose solution = ´
180 90 CaO
= 0.617 mol kg -1 + NaOH → +Na2CO3
∆
DTf = Kf m Sodium Benzene
4 benzoate
\ DTf (glucose) = ´ 0.617 = 7.617
0.324 (iii) But-2-en-1 nitrile on reaction with DIBAL-1
Hence, freezing point of glucose solution followed by water give
= 27315
. - 7.617 = 265 .533 K CH3 CH == CH ¾ CN ¾(a) DIBAL-H
¾¾¾ ¾®
But -2-en-1-nitrile (b) H2O
(b) (i) Molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of CH3 CH == CH ¾ CHO
the solute dissolved in per kilogram of the But -2-en-1-ol
solvent.
Moles of solute (b) (i) Butanal being an aldehyde reduces Tollen’s
Molality (m) = reagent to shiny silver mirror but butan-2-one
Mass of solvent (in kg)
being a ketone does not reduces Tollen’s reagent.
(ii) The molar masses that are either lower or higher - D
CH3 CH2CH2CHO + 2 [Ag(NH3) 2]+ + 3 OH ¾¾ ®
than the expected or normal values are called
Butanal Tollen’s reagent
abnormal molar mass.
CH3 CH2CH2COO- + 2Ag ¯ + 4NH3 + 2 H2O
Or Silver
°
(a) Given, p1 = 23 . 8 mmHg, W2 = 30 g, W1 = 846 g mirror
O
For solute (urea), M2 = 60 g mol-1
½
For solvent (H2O), M1 = 18 g mol-1 CH3 CH2 C CH3 ¾Tollen's
¾¾¾® No silver mirror
Butan-2-one reagent
According to Raoult’s law,
(ii) Benzoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to
p°1 - p1 n2
= produce effervescences of carbon dioxide
p° n1 + n2 whereas phenol does not.
1
–+
p°1 - p1 n2 W2 /M2 COOH COONa
Þ = = (for dilute solution)
∆
p°1 n1 W1 /M1 + NaHCO3 → + H2O+CO2
23. 8 - p1 W2 M1
Þ = Benzoic acid Sodium benzoate
23. 8 W1 M2
23. 8 - p1 30 ´ 18 Or
Þ = = 0.0106
23. 8 846 ´ 60 (a) (i) Etard reaction The oxidation of toluene to
benzaldehyde with a solution of chromyl
Þ 23.8 - p1 = 0.0106 ´ 23.8 Þ p1 » 23.54 mm
 chloride (CrO2Cl2) in the presence of CS2 or CCl4
is called Etard reaction.
COOH COCl CHO
CH3 CH(OCrOHCl2)2 H2/Pd+BaSO4
CS2 SOCl2 + S or quinoline
+ CrO2Cl2 → (b) (i) → →
–SO2, –HCl Boiling xylene
Chromyl (Rosenmund Benzaldehyde
Toluene Chromium complex Benzoic acid Benzoyl
chloride reduction)
+ chloride

→
H 3O
CHO –+
COCH3 COONa COOH

I /NaOH +
HO
Benzaldehyde (ii) →
2
→
3
(Iodoform reaction)

(ii) Stephen reduction The reduction of nitrile in the Acetophenone Sodium Benzoic acid
benzoate
presence of stannous chloride (SnCl2) and hydrogen
chloride followed by hydrolysis is called Stephen
reduction. Cl

—
(i) Cl2/Red phosphorus
SnCl2 + 2HCl ¾® SnCl4 + 2 [H] (iii) CH3CH2COOH → CH3—CH— COOH
(ii) H2O

→
Dry ether Ethanoic acid NaOH
CH3 CN + 2 [H] + HCl ¾ ¾¾¾¾® CH3CH  NH.HCl
Acetonitrile 290-295 K Acetaldimine OH
hydrochloride

—
→

Boiling CH3—CH—COOH
H 2O 2-hydroxy
ethanoic acid
CH3CHO + NH4Cl
Acetaldehyde

SET-II (Only Uncommon Questions from Set I)

1. CHCl2 CH2CH2Cl
Out of and
which is an example of a benzylic halide?
3. Write the formula of the compound of iodine
which is obtained when conc. HNO3 oxidises I2.
4. What type of colloid is formed when a gas is
dispersed in a liquid? Give an example.
5. Write the IUPAC name of the following
compound.
CH3
½ floatation process?
CH3 ¾ O ¾ C ¾ CH3
½ 19. Define the following:
CH3
6. Draw the structure of the following:
(a) XeF4 (b) BrF5
7. Write the name of the cell which is generally
used in transistors. Write the reactions taking
place at the anode and the cathode of this cell.
9. Using IUPAC norms, write the formulae for the
following:
(a) Potassium trioxalatoaluminate (III)
(b) Dichloridobis(ethane-1, 2-diamine) cobalt(III)
14. (a) Based on the nature of intermolecular forces,
, classify the following solids:
Sodium sulphate, hydrogen
(b) What happen when CdCl2 is doped with AgCl?
(c) Why do ferrimagnetic substances show better
magnetism than antiferromagnetic substances?
15. (a) Write the principle of electrolytic refining.
(b) Why does copper obtained in the extraction
from copper pyrites have a blistered
appearance?
(c) What is the role of depressants in the Froth
(a) Cationic detergents
(b) Broad spectrum antibiotics
(c) Tranquilisers
20. Write the structures of the monomers used for
getting the following polymers:
(a) Teflon
(b) Melamine-formaldehyde polymer
(c) Neoprene
 ANSWERS
1. In benzylic halide, the halogen atom bonded to the
sp3 -hybridised carbon atom next to an aromatic ring
i.e. to a benzylic carbon. Thus,
CHCl2
is a benzylic halide.
3. When conc. HNO3 oxidises I2, iodic acid, HIO3 is
obtained.
I2 + 10HNO3 ¾® 2HIO3 + 10NO2 + 4H2O
4. Foam is obtained when gas is dispersed in liquid.
e.g. whipped cream.
CH3
½
5. Given, compound is CH3 ¾ O ¾ C ¾ CH3
½ electrolytic solution as metal ions.
CH3
The IUPAC name is 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane.
6. (a) XeF4 (b) BrF5
F F F F
Xe Br
F F F F
F ´
7. Leclanche cell is commonly used in transistors. The
electrode reactions of Leclanche cell can be written as
At anode Zn( s) ¾® Zn 2+ + 2e-
At cathode
- hydrocarbon chain with a positive charge on
MnO2 + NH+ 4 + e ¾® MnO(OH) + NH3
NH3 formed in reaction at cathode combines
with Zn 2+ to form the complex like [Zn(NH3) 4 ]2+
9. (a) Potassium trioxalatoaluminate (III)
K3[Al(C2O4)3 ]
(b) Dichloridobis(ethane-1, 2-diamine)cobalt (III)
[CoCl2( en) 2] +
14. (a) Sodium sulphate-Ionic solid
In ionic solids, constituent particles are ions.
Hydrogen-Non-polar molecular solid
In non-polar molecular solids, constituent particles
are either atoms (noble gas- Ar, He) or the molecules
formed by non-polar covelent bonds [H2, Cl2 and I2]
+ used for the treatment of stress, mild and severe
(b) When AgCl is doped with CdCl 2, two Ag ions will
be replaced by one Cd 2+ ion to maintain electrical
neutrality. Thus, a hole is created at the lattice site
for every Cd 2+ ion introduced. Hence, the crystal
becomes conductor.
(c) The substances which have a net dipole moment
due to unequal parallel and anti parallel alignment
of magnetic moments are called ferrimagnetic
substances and the substances which have net
magnetic moment of zero are called
antiferromagnetic substances. Thus, ferrimagnetic
substances show better magnetism than
antiferromagnetic substances.
15. (a) In electrolytic refining, the impure metal is made
anode and a strip of pure form of metal is made
cathode. Aqueous solution of salt is taken as
electrolyte and electric current is passed.
Metal ions from the electrolyte are deposited at
cathode in the form of pure metal and equivalent
amount of metal dissolves from anode and goes into
(b) Copper obtained in the extraction from copper
pyrites have a blistered appearance due to evolution
of SO2. Thus, it is also called blistered copper.
2Cu 2S+ 3O2 ¾® 2Cu 2O+ 2SO2 ­
2Cu 2O + Cu 2S ¾® 6Cu + SO2 ­
(c) The substances which selectively prevent certain
type of particles from forming the froth with the
bubbles are called depressants. e.g. in case of an ore
containing ZnS and PbS, NaCN is used as
depressant.
19. (a) Cationic detergents are quarternary ammonium salts
of amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as
anions. The cationic part possesses a long
nitrogen atom. e.g. cetyltrimethylammonium
bromide used in hair conditioners.
+
CH3

CH3(CH2)15  NCH3 Br–

CH3
(b) Broad spectrum antibiotic Antibiotics which kill or
inhibit a wide range of harmful or disease causing
bacteria are called broad spectrum antibiotics.
These are equally effective against gram-positive and
gram-negative bacteria (both). e.g. ampicillin and
amoxycillin.
(c) Tranquiliser The chemical compounds which are
mental diseases are known as tranquilisers,
e.g. equanil. They form an essential component
of sleeping pills.
20. (a)
Polymer Monomer
(a) Teflon ¾
[ CF2 ¾CF2 ¾
]n CF2 ==CF2
Tetrafluoroethene

(b) Melamine formaldehyde H 2N N NH2

—HN N NH—CH2—
N N + HCHO
formaldehyde
N N
NH2
Melamine
NH
n

(c) Neoprene CH 2 == C ¾CH == CH 2

Cl ½
½ Cl
2-chloro -but -1, 3-diene
¾[CH 2 ¾C ==CH ¾CH 2 ¾
]n