Petroleum Plant Design

THE PIPING VALVE TYPE

November 16, 2014

Primary isolation valves shall be shown on the P&ID and identi=ed in

accordance with valve identi=cation number. Isolation valves shall be
provided for all instrument connections, isolation of equipment that
can be serviced when bypassed, multiple (spare) pump installations,
etc.
The valve type shall be in accordance with each speci=c piping
material class speci=cation no. Valves description will as given in the
valves speci=cation no. All valves shall be furnished with manual
operators unless speci=ed otherwise.
Gear Operators, as furnished by the valve manufacturer, shall be
provided for large valves which satisfy both of the following
conditions:
Class 150 rating 10” size and larger
Class 300 rating 8” size and larger
Class 600 & 900 rating 6” size and larger
Class 1500 & 2500 rating 4” size and larger

Gear operators shall be sized such that its output torque is at least
1.5 times the maximum required operating torque of the valve proper
and shall be suitable for operation in a tropical environment. The
gear ratio shall be maximum 1:60 for valves NPS 8 and smaller or
maximum 1:120 for valve NPS 10 and larger. Gear operators shall be
self locking and be provided with a position indicator.
All valves shall be capable of being locked in the open or closed
position with a positive position locking device other than chain.
Block valves shall in general be ball valves of =re safe design in
accordance with API 607/API 6FA or equivalent and a copy of the
certi=cation shall be provided. Butter[y valves may be used in cooling
water services. Globe valves will be used when throttling is required.
Valves shall be provided with pressure equalizing bypasses when
high differential pressure exists across the closed valve. Valves for
which bypasses are to be furnished and the size and type of bypass
valve will be shown on the applicable [ow diagram.
All 2” size and larger valves shall have [anged ends. 1½” and smaller
size valves shall have [anged or socket weld ends.
Check valves will be provided for all lines tying into common headers,
or to prevent back [ow.
Flanged end valves which are described as outside screw and yoke
(OS&Y) in the valve classi=cation tables shall be provided with stem
protectors.
Globe, ball, check, and slab-type gate valves shall be =eld repairable.
Balls, seals and seats shall be replaceable without welding or cutting.
Valve dimensions shall be identical to the dimensions speci=ed in
ASME B16.10, Face-to Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Ferrous
Valves. Face-to-face dimensions shall be long patterns.
All valves except check valves shall be capable of sealing with design
pressure applied from either end of the valve.
Unless otherwise speci=ed, valves shall be suitable for oil, water, and
gas service throughout the temperature range of the pressure class.
Double seated valves capable of sealing simultaneously against
pressure differential from the bonnet section to the adjacent pipe in
both directions shall be equipped with self relieving seals. Valves
ANSI Class 900 and above shall have ring joint faced [anges in
accordance with ASME B16.20 Ring-Joint Gaskets and Grooves for
Steel Pipe Flanges unless otherwise indicated.
Vent and drain valves shall comply with the requirements of the valve
classi=cation tables and shall be adequate for the pressure and
temperature limits indicated on the material and service classi=cation
 data sheets.
Valve pressure-class ratings shall be in accordance with ASME 16.5.
For testing of valves, API standard 598, Valve Inspection and Test, or
API speci=cation 6D, Pipeline Valves, shall be used as a basis.
Unless otherwise speci=ed on the piping material classi=cation data
sheets, gate valves shall be outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) with a
rising stem, a bolted bonnet, a bolted packing gland, and a solid
wedge gate.
If resilient seat inserts are used, the inserts shall be capable of
withstanding the maximum temperature encountered in the service
application. Te[on or reinforced Te[on seat insert is preferred.
Valve seats and seals in service ASME Class 900 rating and above
shall be speci=ed explosive decompression resistant.
In general reduced bore isolation valves shall be used in all except the
following circumstances:
a. Manifold valves.

b. Piggable lines.

c. Pump suctions.

d. On drain lines subject to potential blockage.

e. Where the bore velocity would cause unacceptable pressure loss,

noise, erosion, or exceed supplied speci=ed limits for corrosion
inhibitor =lm stability
The valve stem shall not be retained by the packing gland. A
shouldered stem with bottom entry is preferred.
The sealing characteristics of ball valves shall not be impaired by
rapid temperature changes or in throttling application.
The following restrictions apply to ball valves installed by socket
welding or seal welding:
a. Installation of ball valves by socket welding, seal welding and stress
relieving shall not damage the valve seats.

b. For all socket weld valves disassembly during the installation will be
required.

Check valves other than the check valves listed in the piping material
classi=cation data sheets may be required for certain service
conditions as given below.
Piping Sizes Check Valves
2 Inches and smaller Lift type (ball, piston or disc)
 3 Inches and larger Spring actuated, double [apper
type

a. In services with [uids moving at high velocities or with pulsating

vapour [ows, piston check valves shall be used.

b. In severe service applications, non-slam check valves with hydraulic

(or another type) damping devices shall be used. Lines 8 inches and
larger in services that do not require non-slam devices may use
spring-actuated double-[apper type check valves.
c. Centrifugal pump discharge check valves shall be of either the lift
disc; balanced tilting-disc or spring actuated double-[apper type
Check valves shall be provided with drains on the downstream side of
the check if required for safe operation and maintenance.
Wafer type check valves may be used as an option to [anged swing
check valves in ANSI Class 600 and lower. Wafer check valves shall
be designed to API Std 594, Wafer and Wafer-Lug Check Valves.
Butter[y valves shall be limited to water and air service. Wafer lug
and wafer drop-in type butter[y valves shall normally be used.
Butter[y valves shall be designed to API Std 609, Lug and Wafer Type
Butter[y Valves.

Instrument Oil and Gas Piping

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