WATER INDUSTRY SPECIFICATION UK Water Industry WIS 4-08-02 February 1994: Issue (Page 1 of 6) ISSN 1353-2510 Reprinted June 2008 {or web publeation SPECIFICATION FOR BEDDING AND SIDEFILL MATERIALS FOR BURIED PIPELINES FOREWORD This Water Industry Specification has been prepared ‘by WR ple under the direction of the Water Industry Engineering and Operations Committe. Ropresentatves of the UK Water Industry, material suppliers and users were regularly consulted during the development of the document through the Materials and Standards Group. ‘The specification has been issued in conjunction with Information and Guidance Note No. 4-08-01, Issue 4, to easly the Immediate needs of both users and suppliers of bedding and sidefil materials, ‘Compliance with this specification does not of itself ‘confer immunity irom legal obigations. ‘This specification does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of this specication are responsible for its correct application. Reference to a Briish Standard Water Industty Specification or any other specification apples equaly to an equivalent specification. This specification calls for the use of substances andior procedures that may be injurious to health if ‘adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does rot absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any siage. ht has been assumed in the dratting of this specification that the executan of lis provisions is feniusted to appropriately qualiied and experienced people Information contained in this specication is given in {good tit but the Foundation for Water Research, the Water Services Association and WRe ple can ‘accept no responsibily for actions taken by others as arocut. CONTENTS FOREWORD 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2, BEDDING AND SIDEFILL MATERIALS 1 3, REFERENCES 2 APPENDIXA- TABLES OF SUITABLE BEDDING AND SIDEFILL MATERIALS. 3 APPENDIXB- COMPACTION FRACTION TEST 6 1. INTRODUCTION This document specifies those materials which are appropriate for use as pipe bedding and sidefil ‘materials, For definitions and guidance on the selection of bedding and sidefll materials for buried pipelines refer to Information and Guidance Note No. 408-01, Issue 4, BEDDING AND SIDEFILL MATERIALS 21 Bedding and side materials shall be ether processed granular oF as-dug, 22 — Processed granular material shall be granular material processed to meet the requirements Of the relevant provisions of BS 882, BS 4047, BS 3797 or equivalent 23° As-dug_matorial_on which tho structural Performance of the pipeline depends shall be ‘excavated material which is suitable for use ‘as bedding and sidefil without processing. It shall not be contaminated with domestic, “Toericaenmies ‘ire Franland Road, Blagove, Swndon, Wis, SNS BYF Tel: (0179) 865151 E-mal nisanOercpeco is ‘Thi repent has boon prope the UK Wate Ina and published by Wee uKWiRebuilding or industrial waste, shal be fre from organic matter, combustible material and clay lumps larger than 75mm. For rigid pipes, the embedment materials shall have a maximum particle size and compaction fraction value (see Appendix B for details of the test) not exceeding the values given for processed materials in Table A.l. The suitability of as-dug materials for use with flexible pipes shall be assessed by relerence to Table A2 for maximum paricle size and Table AS for other properties, 3. REFERENCES This specification makes reference to the latest edition of the following publications (except where otherwise stated), including all addenda and revisions, which should also be consulted. British Standards Bs 882 ‘Specification for aggregates trom natural sources for concrete. BS 1047 Speciticaton for al-cooled blast furmace slag aggregate for use in construction. BS 1277 Methods of test for sols for civil ‘engineering purposes BS 3707 Spocifcation for lightweight aggregates for masonry units and structural eoncre Bs 8005 Part 1: Gude to new sewerage constuction. Water Industry Specifications! Information and Guidance Notes IGN No. 4-08-01 Bedding and sidetil materials for ‘buried pipelines. IGN. No. 411-02 Revised bedding factors. for vitrified clay drains and sewers. Other TRANSPORT AND ROAD RESEARCH LABORATORY. Simpliied tables of external loads ‘on buried pipelines. 1986. WRe. Report ER201E. Guide to the Water Industry for the structural design of underground non pressure UPVC pipelines. 1986.WIS 4-08-02 Fobruary 1994: lesuo 1 (Page 3 of 6) ISSN 1953-2510 APPENDIX A - TABLES OF SUITABLE BEDDING AND SIDEFILL MATERIALS. Table A.t ~ Processed granular bedding materials for rigid pipes Pipe Nominal | Classof | Maximum CF | Matorials specified in British Standards nominal | maximum | bedding | — value for ‘See note (a) size (ON) | particle size | See note (d) | acceptability (mm) See ‘See note (b) note (c) 100 10 s 015 10mm nominal single-size 8 030 F 05 N 030 (Coarse, medium or fine sand (Over 100, 6 s 038 10 of 14mm nominal singlesize or 14mm to 0 150 8 90.30 ‘5mm graded F 05 N 030 Coarse, medium or fine sand (Over 150) 20 s 015 10, 14 or 20mm nominal single-siz or T4mm to te 200 8 030 ‘5mm graded or 20mm to Smm graded F 05, N 030 Albin aggregate or coarse, medium or fine sand (Over 300 2 s 015 14 oF 20mm nominal single-size or 14 to 5mm 10 550 8 030 graded or 20 to 5mm graded F 05 N 030 Albin aggregate or coarse, medium or fine sand Over 550 0 S 015 14, 20 or 40mm nominal single-size crushed 8 030 rock or 14mm to 5mm graded or 20mm to Smm F 05 graded or 40mm to 5mm graded N 030 Alkin aggregate or coarse, medium or fine sand Notes: (a). Processed granular materials to Include aggregates to BS 822, al-cooled blastiurnace slag to BS 1047 and lightweignt aggregates to BS 3797 (b) Compaction Fraction value (CF), see Appendix B. {) The nominal maximum particle sizes apply both to processed and as-dug materials (see Section 4 of IGN No, 408-01), (6) Bedding classes are defined in: BS 8005: Part 1 IGN No. 4-11-02 TAAL — Simpified Tabloe of External Loads on Burled Pipeline. (6) Tho sulphate content of bedding and sidefil materials for use with comentiious pipe should nat be greater than 0.29% ae eulphue tioxide, © 194‘Table A.2- Processed granular bedding and sidefill materials for flexible pipes Pipe nominal | Nominal Maximum CF value for Materials spectied in British Bore (mm). | maximum ‘acceptability ‘Standards See note (d) | particle size See note (b) See note (a) (om | Non-prossure | Prossure pipe pipe 100 10 036 (030 [10mm nominal single size ‘Over s100 15 015 (030 | 10 or mm nominal single se or Tamm] to 150 {osm greed ‘Over 150 20 018 030 |10, 18 or 200m nominal singe cize 10.300 nm to Smm graded & 20mm t Sn graded ‘Over 300 20 088 030 |14 or 20mm rominal single slo or 14m] 10550 {osm graded or 20mm to Sm gece Ove 580 7% 018 030 | 14, 20 domam srciesie or tam ‘5mm graded or 20mm to Sim graded 0 40mm to 5mm graded Notes: @ Processed granular materials to include aggregates to BS 882, air-cooled blastiumace slag to BS 1047 and lightweight aggregates to 8S 3797 (0) _Compacton Fraction value (CF), see Ropandi: B. (e) For the purpose ofthis table, PE pipes of 630mm OD can be regarded as having nominal bores of over ‘550mm, respective of wal thickness (4) Nominal bore is used in preference io DN because of the diferent nominal size classifications for flexible Pipes. (e) For PE8O and PE100 polyethylene pipe complying with current relevant Water Industry Specifications, the ‘maximum Sigel partcl size may ba increased to 10% of the pipe nominal si () For E” values for procesced granular materials reference should be made to Table A.3 where specie site teste have not been performed, (@) For ferrous and comentitious pipeline materials, the sulphate content of bedding and sidefll materials should rot be greater than 0.3% ae sulphur toxide. © 1098WIS 4-08-02 February 1994: lesue 1 (Page 5 of &) ISSN 1359-2510 ‘Table A.3 - Typical modulus values for processed and as-dug bedding and sidefill materials for use In flexible pipeline design Material Modulus of Soil Reaction E” (MNim) See note (a2) Description Casagrande Degree of compaction ‘symbol See note (a) | Uncompacted | 80% 85% ‘0% 95% ‘See note(at) | Modified | Moditied | Modified | Moditioa Proctor | Proctor | Proctor | _ Proctor ‘soo note (b) Gravel single sized Pu 5 7 7 10 14 Gravel graded ow 3 5 7 10 20 ‘Sand and coarse GP grained soil with less sw 1 3 5 7 “4 than 12% fines SP. Coarse grained soit cM with more than 123% ec ‘ 1 2 6 10 fines SM Fine grained soil with [ CL, ML medium to no mixtures plastcty and MUCL ; 1 3 5 10 Containing more than ‘and 25% coarse grained Mune paticles (LL<50%) See note (2) Fine grained eollwith | CL, ML medium to no mixtures plastcty and MUCL ; : 1 a 7 ‘containing less than ‘and 25% coarse grained Mune particles (LL<50%) See note (f) Notes: + ‘No reliable modulus values for these materiale (a1) For any situation where bedding and sidefil tench material must be placed and compacted within temporary vench eupport, the value chosen for E should be that associated with uneompacted material (a2) Refor to ERZO1E for tha meaning and use of modulus of gol reaction, E (b) BS 1977, Determination ofthe dry densityimoisture content relationship (4.Skg rammer method), is used to determine the Madtiod Proctor Density (c) __ Semirgid pipes can be designed as ether flexible or rigid. (6) GPu Poorly graded uniform gravel GW - Well graded gravel GP - Poorly graded gravel SW - Well graded sand SP - Poorly graded sand GM Very sity sand GC = Very clayey gravel SM = Very sity sand CL = Clays with iow plasticity Sits with iow plasticity © 194Cl - Clays with intermediate plasticity MI ~ Sil with inteemediate plasticity CLML = Mixtures of ML and CL CEM Mixtures of Mand Cl (©) Clays and silts, with a Liquid Limit (LL) less than 50% and an appreciable fraction passing the 754m BS test sieve, with ‘more than 25% coarse grained partcies. () AS note (@) with less than 25% coarse (rained panicles. APPENDIX B - COMPACTION FRACTION TEST Bi APPARATUS B11 Open-ended eylindor Approximately 250mm long and 150mm (+ 10mm ‘Smm) intemal diameter (150mm diameter pipe is suitable). B12. Metal rammer Metal rammer with stiking face approximately 40mm diameter and weighing 0.8k to 1-3ka. Bia Rule 2 METHOD Obtain a representative’ sample more than sufficient to fil the eylinder (about 10kg). is Important that the moisture content of the sample should not differ trom the bulk of material at the time ofits use inthe trench Pace the cylinder on a firm flat surtace and genty pour the sample material inte it, loosely and without tamping. Strke off the top surtace level with the top of the cylinder and remove all surplus. spilled ‘matocal. Lit the eylinder up cloar of ite contanis ‘and place on a frech area of flat eurface. Place ‘about one quarter of the material back in the cylinder and tamp vigorously until no. further compaction can be obtained. Repeat with the second quarter, tamping as before, and so on for the third and fourth quarters, tamping the final surface as level as possible. Tamping should not be 80 vigorous as to break the material being compacted. Ba DETERMINATION OF COMPACTION FRACTION Measure from the top ofthe oyiinder to the surface of the compacted material. This distance divided by the height of the cylinder gives the compaction fraction of the material under test. * To obiain a representative sample about 50 kg of the material to be tested should be heaped into a cone shape on a cloar surface after turing over tho ‘material three times. Flatten tha top of the cone: then divide with a spade verticaly down the contre into four quarters. One pair of the opposite corners. is discarded and the other pair of opposite quarters. remixed into a cone shape. This procedure is Tepeated until the required mass of sample