ENM210 - CEMENTING OPERATIONS

LECTURE 3

© The Robert Gordon University 2007 1

ENM210 Cementing Operations Lecture 3 -

Worked Example: Data
Casing OD (inches) 20
Assume casing is cemented to surface and
Casing ID (inches) 18.73 cement plugs will be used for conventional
Casing Weight (lb/ft) 133 cement displacement. Allow 15 minutes for
Casing body yield (lb) 2,125,000
the release of the plugs.
Casing connection (buttress) yield (lb) 2,021,000
Casing Setting Depth (ft) 350
Mud Weight (pcf), (ppg) 65, 8.7 Questions
1. Calculate the quantities of cement and bentonite
Cement Type API class
G with 4% required for conventional cementing job. A shoe
bentonite
track of 80 ft is to be used. Allow 100% excess
Weight of 1 sack of cement (lb) 94
cement in open hole.
Slurry weight (pcf), (ppg) 106, 14.2
Slurry yield (ft3/sack) 1.5
Water requirement (gal/sack) 7.6
2. Calculate the volume of mixing water.
Pumping rate through drillpipe 100
(gal/min) 3. Calculate the total time for the job, assuming
Pumping rate through casing 300 that the mixing rate is 10 sacks/ min.
(gal/min)
Gal/ft3 7.48 4. Calculate the force developed when using a
Pumping pressure (psi) 500 conventional cementing operation and the
safety factor in tension. Will the casing float?
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 ENM210 Cementing Operations Lecture 3 -
Worked Example: Solution 1

Annular area between 26inch hole and 20 inch casing = π4 (26 − 20 )= 216.77in
2 2 2

⎛ ⎞
Annular capacity = ⎜ 216.77 ⎟ x1= 1.5053ft / ft (1ft = 144in )
3 2 2

⎝ 144 ⎠
Annular slurry volume = 1.5053x350 = 527ft
3

Total slurry volume = calc. volume + excess = 527+ (1x527)= 1054ft

3

π 18.73
Capacity of 20” casing = 4 x 144 = 1.9134ft (1ft = 144in )
2
3 2 2

Cement volume in shoe track = 1.9134x80 = 153ft

3

Total cement slurry volume = 1054+ 153 = 1207ft

3

slurry volume 1207

Number of sacks of cement required = Yield
=
1.5
= 805

Mass of bentonite required = 4% x dry weight of cement

Mass of bentonite = No of sacks x weight per sack = 805x94 = 75,670lb
∴ quatity of bentonite = 0.04x75,670 = 3,027lb
Number of ssacks of bentonite = 0.04x75,670 = 3,027lb

© The Robert Gordon University 2007

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ENM210 Cementing Operations Lecture 3 -

Worked Example: Solution 2

Volume of mixwater = number of sacks x water requirement per sack

6118
= 805 × 7.6 = 6118 gal ≡ = 145.7 bbl.
42

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 ENM210 Cementing Operations Lecture 3 -
Worked Example: Solution 3

Time for conventional displacement:

Total job time = mixing time + plug release time + displacement time.
Job time for conventional job

805 int ernal capacity of ca sin g excluding shoe track

= + 15 +
10 pumping rate

= 80.5 + 15 +
(
1.9134× 350 − 80 ) = 80.5 + 15 + 12.9 = 108.4min.
300 / 7.48

© The Robert Gordon University 2007

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ENM210 Cementing Operations Lecture 3 -

Worked Example: Solution 3

Time for an inner string displacement

The job time for an inner string job = 80.5 + displacement time. The capacity of
drill pipe is 0.0997 ft3 / ft and the total internal volume = 0.0997 x 350 35 ft3. The
total volume of cement slurry is 1207 ft3 , which is much larger than the drillpipe
capacity of 35 ft3.
The displacement time is thus negligible and can be incorporated as part of the
mixing time. In other words, as soon as the cement is mixed, it is displaced
behind the casing.
35
The actual value of displacement time = = 2.6 min.
100 / 7.48

(1 gal/min =1 / 7.48 ft3/min.)

Thus, the total job time = 80.5 + 2.6 = 83.1 min.
Time saving = 108.4 - 83.1 = 25.3 min.
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 ENM210 Cementing Operations Lecture 3 -
Worked Example: Solution 4

For a conventional cementing job, the worst conditions occur when the
casing is entirely full of the 106 lb/ft3 cement slurry. Also, the calculations
will include a pumping pressure of 500 psi as a displacement force.

Differential force = (force down) – (force up)

Forces down = weight of casing in air + weight of cement + force due to

pumping pressure.

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ENM210 Cementing Operations Lecture 3 -

Worked Example: Solution 4

(i) Weight of casing in air = 133 × 350 = 46550 lb.

(ii) Weight of cement inside casing
= casing inside area × hydrostatic pressure due to cement column.
π 18.732
=
4
×
144
( )
× 350x106 = 70987 lb. 1ft 2 = 144in 2

π
(iii) Force due to pumping pressure = 500 × × 18.73 2 = 137764 lb.
4
Total force s acting down = 46550 + 70987 + 137764 = 255301 lb.
Forces up = Buoyancy force
= hydrostatic pressure of mud in annulus × outside cross
sectional area of casing
65 × 350 π
= × × 202
144 4
= 49633 lb.
Differential force = forces down - forces up
= 255301 - 49633
= 205668 lb.

Hence, casing will stay in hole during cementing, ie, it will not float.
© The Robert Gordon University 2007
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 ENM210 Cementing Operations Lecture 3 -
Worked Example: Solution 4

yield strength of pipe body or coupling

Safety factor in tension =
tensile force at top joint
2012000
S.F. = = 9.78
205668

Once cement is in place casing is full of mud with cement in the shoe track.
The annulus is full of cement.
The force down is= weight of casing in air + weight of mud and cement

Weight of casing

© The Robert Gordon University 2007

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ENM210 Cementing Operations Lecture 3 -

Worked Example: Solution 4

Once cement is in place casing is full of mud with cement in the shoe track.
The annulus is full of cement.
The force down is= weight of casing in air + weight of mud and cement

Weight of casing = 46550lb

Weight of mud inside casing = 1.9134x270x65 = 33580lb

Weight of cement inside the shoe track = 1.9134x80x106 = 16226lb

Total down force = 46550 + 33580 + 16226 = 96456lb
Buoyancy from cement in annulus = Area of casing x hydrostatic pressure of cement
⎛ π ⎞
=⎜
⎝ 4x20 ⎠
2 ( )
⎟ 14.2x350x0.052 = 81191 lb

Net force on casing is = Force down – force up = 96456 − 81191= 15265lb

As there is a net down force of 15265lb the casing will not float.

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