‘USO0S9030668 United States Patent 119) [i] Patent Number: 5,903,066 Enjeti et al. [45] Date of Patent: May 11, 1999 [Sd] ACTIVE INTERPHASE REACTOR FOR 12- S001577 A997 Smite sores PULSE RECTIFIER FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS [75]. toventors: Prasad N. Enjett, College Station, ASiS770 AL (1987 Gemany Tex Ira J. Piel, Morristown, No S05 AS 1985. Setnerad [73] Assignee: Texas A & M University System, OTHER PUBLICATIONS Houston, Tex. Choi, Sewan et al., “A New Active Interphase Reactor for. 12-Pake Recters Proves Clean Power iit laters” [21] Appl. No: 08988295 IEEE, pp. 2468-2474, 1995. Filed 22} et. 27, 1997 Related US. Application Data [60] Provisional application No, 604029,63, Oct. 29, 1996 [st] Int. c12 H02y 1/02 [53] US.cL ‘307/108; 363/39; 363/44; 3/207) 335/167 [58] Field of Search 307/105; 363139, 360/40, 41, 44, 84, 87, 88, 89, 95, 96, 98, 129, 132, 137; 325/210, 207; 333/167 (59) References Cited US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4143414 31979 Brewster asst $339,466 4/1988 Glennon et 3633) 5283728 21994 Wilkerson saat 534807 81994 Mohin et san105 S345.375 91994 Mohan 3340 S/465.208 111995 Bhattacharya ea 3ar05 18 Monhan an05 ‘Mohan et series 190 Choi, Sewan et al, “Polyphase: Transformer Arcangements With’ Reduced kVA Capacities For Harmonic Current Reduction in Rectifier Type Utility Interface”, IEEE, pp. 353-389, Primary Examiner-—elrey Gallia Assistant Examiner—lonathon $ Kaplan ‘Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Acaold, White & Durkee Is ABSTRACT An active interphase reactor for twelve-pulse diode rectifiers is disclosed, The system draws near simisoidalcuerets from 2 power utili. In one embcdiment, 2 low kVA (0.02 P.{PU)) active curent sour injects angular cureat into an interphase reactor of a Wwelve-pulse diode rectifier, This ‘modification reals in near sinusoidal utility iaput currents with less than 1% THD. In alternative embodiments, «law VA, 12-pulsesystom with an autoteansformer arangement (VA rating of 018 P.(PU)) is implemented with the pro- posed sctve interface reactor. The resulting systems draw lean power fom the utility and are suitable for powering Tanger kVA ac motor drive systems 6 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets 112, Low kVA Active PWM Current Source 208 1 0 wait eases Ne / lan fT 1214 Von Rectifier I Ca tb “shea L “lll val | 4 Rectifier | 113. = 107}“Dld 201 +— | 189984 |) 4aynoey 5,903,066 1 Gun Sheet 1 of 15 0UNOS JUaND WMd @Anoy VAI M07 a 2 2 U.S. Patent5,903,066 Sheet 2 of 15 May 11, 1999 U.S. Patent @ ‘Old out Z0L . — {| 48y}984 7 : Pal [g |__, _ \ q ; On | 29 = 1m) +4 Li Jeo 2, < A A uy I . 19 1, N : 2) ze 1 Corte a” 601 I onU.S. Patent May 11, 1999 Sheet 3 of 15 5,903,066 15, 1 05+ Pu 0 -0.5 oT 15 FIG. 3 -0.5 Al 15 FIG. 4A 15 FIG. 4BU.S. Patent May 11, 1999 Sheet 4 of 15 5,903,066 T 1 T T 1 T 200m 205m 210m 215m = 220m = 225m = 230m ~—235m_t(s) FIG. 5A OaNwnae 4 -2 -3 4 5 6 200m 205m 210m = 215m = 220m = 225m = 230m =—-235m_ ts) FIG. 5BU.S. Patent May 11, 1999 Sheet 5 of 15 5,903,066 7 T T T 1 T T 200m 205m 210m 215m += 220m = 225m = 230m ~—-235m_t(s) FIG. 5C 50 ike sk me 3 ek menace ak elt) FIG. 5DU.S. Patent May 11, 1999 Sheet 6 of 15 5,903,066 W) 350 MY VVVVVOWVWVOWOWOWOWVV 2505 200 1505 1004 505 0 T T T T T T 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 t(ms) W) 350 IV VV V VV VV VV VN 250-4 2005 1505 1005 505 Ort or or 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 t(ms) FIG. 6BU.S. Patent May 11, 1999 Sheet 7 of 15 225 230 5,903,066 235 t(ms)5,903,066 Sheet 8 of 15 May 11, 1999 U.S. Patent . ole L°3ld ro A zoL [vieeeecee ot 201 ett] | [80d 02 ON 1 ae ral 9h _{ayney|_ ‘ta p9| Qyrot am} | Y oly 2 4 | (peek Needy bed Le) iy eq Gu HE C Poe 4 \e Gi Set” [eeu Is ‘@0INOS JUANG WMd @Anoy VAY MOT, LbU.S. Patent May 11, 1999 Sheet 9 of 15 5,903,066 FIG. 95,903,066 Sheet 10 of 15 May 11, 1999 U.S. Patent s,La91 | 1 JEAUg aye 9 JOWUOD Sw |-peaq Ol ‘Sd J0}210U95 ane Jae) 9eL x Py vel . zt |. Joyerauay) + 4 |e WOJaAeM el quaung ol Joyeredwog Ja! pajoaluy Seat otU.S. Patent May 11, 1999 Sheet 11 of 15 5, 903,066 aaa T be L 1 L FIG. 11BU.S. Patent May 11, 1999 Sheet 12 of 15 5,903,066 T T eee elec T T tHe 1 L HEHEHE EEE 2 b T L T Beeeereeeteret L 1 L Josestiiil L FIG. 11 aoU.S. Patent May 11, 1999 Sheet 13 of 15 5,903,066 T T Teal T Desel FIG. 11E Bere p RHEE EERE | 1 L L FIG. 11F5,903,066 Sheet 14 of 15 May 11, 1999 U.S. Patent @ounos yuaLINg WMd aanoy VAY M075,903,066 Sheet 15 of 15 May 11, 1999 U.S. Patent g€l “Old i peo} 0} lL blek 20] - j \ beeh5,903,066 1 ACTIVE INTERPHASE REACTOR FOR 12- PULSE RECTIFIER RELATED APPLICATION ‘This application claims the priority of provisional U.S. pateat application Ser. No, 60/029,663, fled Oct. 29, 1996, FIELD OF THE INVENTION ‘This invention relates generally fo the fleld of electric power systems, and more particularly tan interface to an lect uly BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Large harmonies, poor power factor, and high total har ‘monic distortion (THD) i a wility (poser supply) interac are common problems when nonlinear loads sich as adjust able speed drives, power supplies, induction heating systems, UPS sjsiems and aireraft converter systems. are ‘connected to tho electee utility In some systems, the interlace to the electric wtlty includes a three phise uncontrolled diode bridge rectifier, Due to the nonlinear nature of some Toads, the input fine ccurents can have significant harmonics. For adjustable speed AC motor drive systems with no DC-link smoot inductor the discontinuous conduction ofthe diode bridge ‘wetiier can result in high current THDs whieh ean lead 10 the malfunction of other sensitive electronic equipment (One recommended practice to address these issues, IEEE 519, has evolved to maintain uly power quality at acoept- fable levels, Sec, “IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonie Control in Eletric Power Systems", IEEE PES and Static Converter Commitee of JAS, January 1993, ‘A number of methods have been proposed to overcome the presented problems. See, eg, J, Schacter, “Rectifier Circuits: Theory and Design,” John Wiley & Sons, Ine, 1965; B. R. Pelly, “Thyrisior Phase-Controled Converters and Cyeiooonverters, John Wiley & Sons, 1971; R. W. Lye, etc. al, “Power Converter Handbook,” Power Delivery Department, Canadian General Elecite Company Lid, 1976; G. Seguier, “Power Electronic Converters ACIDC Conversions,” McGraw-Hill, New York, NY., 1986; 6. Oliver, ete. al, “Novel Transformer Conneation to Improve ‘Curreat Sharing on High Current DC Rectifiers,” IEEE IAS. Conf, 1993, pp. 986-992; 8. Miyaii ete. al, “New Method for Reducing Harmonies lavolved in Input and Output of Restfer with Interphase Transformer” IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, Vol. 1-22, No. 5, September! ‘Getober 1986, pp. 790-797; A. R. Prasad, P.D. Ziogas, 8. Manias, “An Active Power Factor Correction Technique for Three-Phase Diode Rectifiers,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol. 6 No. 1, January 1991, pp. 83-92; Ned Moti, “A Novel Approach to Minimize Line-Current Harmobies in Interfacing Renewable Energy Sources wil 3-Phase Utility Systems." IEEE APEC Annual Meeting, 1992, pp. 852-858; S. Kim, P. Enjeti, P. Packebush and L Pitel, "A New Approach to Improve Power Factor and jce Harmonies in « Three-Phase Diode Rectiier Type Unity Interface.” IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, Vol. 30, No. 6, November/December 1994, pp, 1357-1564 I. itel and 8. N. Taluka, "A Review of te Eifects and Suppression of Power Converter Harmonics,” IEEE TAS. Conference, May 1977; S. Choy P. Enjeti I. Pitch, "New Polyphase Transformer Arrangements with Reduced! kVA is for Harmonic Current Reduction in Rectifier 2 ‘Type Utility Interface,” IEEE PESC Conf, 1995, pp. 353.359; D. A. Paice, “Power Electronic Converter Har monies: Multipulse Methods for Clean Power,” New York: IEEE Press, 1996. (One approach is to use a conventional twelve-pulse diode reelfier which requires two six-pulbe diode reetiiers con- nected via Y-A and YY isolation transformers. An inter- phase reactor is required to ensure the independent operation ‘of the two parallelconnected three-phase diode bridge rec- tifhrs, Th operation ofthe conventional welve-pulse diode rectifier results in the cancellation of the Sth and 7th har- monies in the input utility line currents ‘To increase the pulse number futher to 18 oF 24, ak tional diode bridge rectifiers along with complicated) mle tiphase transformer arrangements become necessary, unde- sirably adding to the cost and complexity of the overall, system, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION ‘The preseat invention relates to a three-phse diode reefer system which draws substantially sinusoidal input ccurrenis Irom the three phase cleciic ily. In one ‘embodiment, a A-Y isolation tansformer of 032 P(PU) ‘capacity is employed. The interphase reacior and the line impedances [and Late designed such tat stable relve- pulse operation is obtained with equal curent sharing. A low KVA (0.02 P,{PU)) PWM-controlled active current source injects « compensation current I into the secondary winding ‘ofthe interphase reactor. The shape of I, can be computed to alter the utility line current 1, to a perfect sine wave, Aa approximation t0 the exact waveshape of Iisa tangulat Wave. Therefore, by injecting a triangular shaped eursent 1, ino the secondary winding of the interphase reactor, neat ‘sinusoidal input line eusents Row inthe uit line with less than 1% THD, In another embodiment, an autotcansformer is employed to oblain 30 degree phase shift between the two diode rectifiers. Two interphase reactors now become necessary ‘due to the absence of electrical isolation. The KVA rating of the proposed autotransformer is 0.18 P,(PU). With the active interface reactor installed, the resulting ipput current with this approach is also substantially sinusoidal, providing ‘lean power utility interface. “The various embodiments of the iaveation result in high performance with reduced kVA components and offer clean potver utility interface suitable for powering larger KVA ae motor drives and power electronic systems. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, alow kVA (0.02 pu) triangular current injected into the secondary ‘winding of the interface reactor reslts in ess than 1% THD in uility line currents, satisfying clean power requirements In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the active current source ean be configured with low cost, high ‘current, and low voltage single phase hall ull bridge MOS- FET devices. Also, the active current source electronics (MOSFET'S) located atthe secondary of the interface reac tor are not subjected 10 utility line disturbances, hence rendering the interface system mugged Inthe event the active current source malfunctions, the shows the winding configuration and currents conducted in inter- phase eactor 114 none implementation ofthe invention, the KVA rating of the autotransformer 600 in the embodiment of FIG. 12 is (018 Po{PU), the ratings of zero sequence blocking tans= Formers 1202 and 1204 are 0.067 (PU), and the rating of iterphase reactor II is 0.67 P,{PU), and the rating of PWM carrent source 112 is 0094 _(PU), With the active interphase reactor 10" installed, the resulting input curcent 's substantially sinusoidal, providing a clean power utility imerface From the foregoing detailed deseription of specifi ‘embodiments othe invention, it should be apparent that an sctve interphase reactor fora pwelve-pulse feclfce system has beon disclosed, By injecting a low kVA (0.02 P.(PU)) active current source I, into the interphase reactor, near Sinusoidal input curtenis with less than 1¢% THD ean be ‘objained. A low kVA twelve-pulse system withthe disclosed active interphase reactor ean be implemented with avotrans- formers, The resullant system is & high performance cle power utility interface suitable for powering larger KA ac motor drives anda wide variety of power elecionie systems. ‘Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described berein in some det, itis to be understood that this has been done solely forthe purposes of ilusrating various features and aspects of the invention, and is aot intended to be limiting with respect to the scope of the invention. It is contemplated that various. substitutions, alterations, andor mositeations, including but not Limited to these design alternatives that may have been specifially discussed herein, may be made (0 the disclosed embo ments without departing Hom the sprit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims, which follow. ‘What is claimed is: 1. A uly interface for drawing current from a three phase electric utility, comprising: primary transformer, coupled to sail three-phase electric ‘ily, for generating fst and second three-phase input signals first and second rectifiers, coupled to sad transformer to receive said first and second three-phase input siguals, respectively, for retifying said first and second thee phase input Signals and for producing frst and second DC output currents, respectively, between respective positive and negative outputs of said first and second rectifiers:5,903,066 a a first zero sequence blocking transformer having frst and second windings cach having first and second terminals said first terminal of sid first winding being coupled ta said positive output of said first rectifier and Said rs terminal of said second winding being coupled to said negative output of said first rectifier; «second zero sequence blocking transformer having frst and second windings exch having fist and secood terminals, sai first terminal of said first winding being coupled to sad positive output of said second rectifier fod said fist terminal of said sccond winding being coupled to said negative output of said second rectifier; ‘said second termina of said frst zero sequence blocking isformer’s second winding being coupled to said sceond terminal of said second zero sequence blocking rsformer’s second winding; an intesphase reactor having a primary winding coupled between suid second terminal of said fist zero sequence blocking transformer's frst winding and said Second tecminal of said second zero sequence blocking nsformer’s fst winding, suid interphase reactor fur ther having a secondary winding; an active current souree, coupled across said secondary Winding of said intesphase reactor, for injecting & compensation current into sad primary winding of said interphase reactor 2. Ault intecface in accordance with claim 1, wherein id primary transformer has an autotransformer winding configuration such that said first and second three-phase input signals are balanced with pls and minus thirty degrees ‘of phase displacement from said electric wilt: 3. A.uulity interface in acoordanee with claim 1, wherein said injected compensation current is a substantially tian ular waveform, 12 4.A method of drawing substantially sinusoidal input ‘currents from a thre-phiase power utility, comprising: (8) coupling a primary transformer to said power uty to ‘derive fist and second three-phase iaput signals there= from; (b) applying said first and second theee-phase input sig- ‘also first and second rectifiers, respectively to derive fist and second DC eurreais on fist and second bus pis, respectively, each comprising a postive bus and a negative bus; (© coupling sid positive bus and negative bus of said first rectifier to frst and second terminals of a first 2010 sequence blocking transformer; (@) coupling said positive bus and negative bus of said second rectifier to first and second terminals of & second zero sequence blocking transformer; (©) coupling a primary winding of an interphase re between respective third terminals of suid frst and second zero sequence blocking transformers; (9 coupling respective fourth terminals of said frst and second zero sequence blocking transformers together; (2) injecting a compensation current across a secondary ‘Winding of said interphase reactor. 5. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein suid transformer has a delta-wye winding connected such that ‘tid first and second three-phase input signals are balanced ‘with thiny degrees of phase shift therebetween, 6. A method in accordance with claim 4, wherein said injected compensation current is @ substantially triangular waveform,