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Backup to the

Cloud

2nd NetApp Special Edition

by Lawrence C. Miller,
CISSP

These materials are © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Any dissemination, distribution, or unauthorized use
is strictly prohibited.
Backup to the Cloud For Dummies®, 2nd NetApp
Special Edition
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Introduction

T
raditional data backup technologies, such as tape,
are slow, expensive, risky, and complex. Lost or
damaged tapes, long restore times, and painfully
slow management are driving organizations to look for
better data protection solutions.

About This Book


This book provides an overview of cloud-integrated data
protection, which addresses many of today’s backup
challenges by transforming the cloud into a low-cost,
instantly accessible data storage tier.

Foolish Assumptions
Because you’re interested in this book, I assume you
have  at least a basic understanding of data-protection
­concepts  — specifically, backup and recovery  — and
cloud technologies.

I also assume that you’re a technical decision-maker,


such as a chief information officer (CIO), VP, or director
of infrastructure. Or perhaps you’re a storage/backup
manager or administrator or a cloud or enterprise archi-
tect for a midsize business or a large enterprise.

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Finally, I assume that you’re involved in the evaluation
and selection of backup solutions and/or cloud services
for your organization.

Icons Used in This Book


Throughout this book, I occasionally use special icons to
call attention to important information. Here’s what
to expect.

This icon points out information that may


well be worth committing to your nonvolatile
memory, your gray matter, or your noggin!

You won’t find a map of the human genome,


but if you seek to attain the seventh level of
NERD-vana, perk up! This icon explains the
jargon beneath the jargon.

Thank you for reading, I hope you enjoy the


book, and please take care of your writers!
Seriously, this icon points out helpful sug-
gestions and useful nuggets of information.

Beyond the Book


Although this book is chock-full of information, there’s
only so much I can cover in 32 short pages! So, after
reading this book, if you find yourself wanting to know
more, simply go to www.netapp.com/AltaVault!

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IN THIS CHAPTER
»» Understanding backup
challenges
»» Integrating with cloud services
»» Realizing the benefits of backup
to the cloud

Chapter  1
Moving to a New
Backup Strategy

I
n this chapter, I discuss the challenges and limitations
of traditional backup strategies, explain how to inte-
grate your existing backup infrastructure with the cloud,
and examine some of the benefits of backup to the cloud.

Recognizing the Need


Moving select workloads to the cloud to lower cost and
increase agility has become a priority for organizations of
all sizes. A recent survey by IDG Enterprise found that the

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top business goals driving investments for cloud initia-
tives were:

»» Lower total cost of ownership (42 percent)


»» Replacing on-premises legacy technology
(35 percent)

»» Enabling business continuity (33 percent)


Disaster recovery (DR), business continuity (BC), and
backup and recovery are often among the first workloads
that IT teams consider as part of a cloud strategy. In the
case of backup, traditional approaches simply can’t keep
up with the requirements of many organizations today.
Traditional backup and recovery strategies have the
­following problems:

»» Too slow: Users expect instant recovery and


minimal data loss, but legacy backup and recovery
technologies can’t keep pace. As a result, many
organizations fail to meet backup and recovery
windows as data footprints grow.

»» Too risky: Legacy technologies increase risk


exposure. Many organizations still rely on tape,
increasing risk due to lost or damaged tape media
during use, handling, and transport. Tape can also
lead to increased downtime and data loss.

»» Too expensive: As data storage needs grow,


companies struggle with the rising cost of protecting

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that data. The widespread adoption of mobile
devices and the data generated by the Internet of
Things is expected to further accelerate data growth.

»» Too complex: With an ever-increasing number of


critical applications to protect, along with multiple
backup apps and error-prone legacy technologies,
backup architectures can be incredibly complex.
Complexity contributes to and exacerbates all the
challenges listed above.

Cloud-Integrated Data
Protection
For IT organizations struggling with backup and recov-
ery, the sheer number of data protection options can be
overwhelming. Disk, tape, backup-as-a-service (BaaS),
and backup to the cloud are all viable technologies for
data protection.

Start with disk


Disk has become the primary backup target at most IT
organizations, as well as the primary source for data
recoveries. Disk-to-disk backup and recovery can be
accomplished very quickly and it provides many benefits
over backup-to-tape strategies, including the following:

»» Minimizing backup windows


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»» Supporting stringent recovery time objectives
(RTOs) and service level agreements (SLAs)

»» Supporting stringent recovery point objectives


(RPOs) using snapshots and transaction logs — for
example, to enable more frequent backups

»» Supporting data deduplication to help control data


growth and improve efficiency

»» Enabling faster data restores with random access to


data (compared to sequential access in tape-based
systems)

»» Lessening wear and tear on tape-based systems


(when used in disk-to-tape, or D2T)

Your first backup copy should always go to


onsite disk for rapid recovery, regardless of
whether you then send your backup copy to
tape, to the cloud, or to another (offsite) disk.
The tried-and-true strategy of 3-2-1  — at
least three copies of data in two different for-
mats with one of those copies going offsite —
is still widely used with disk-to-disk-to-cloud
backup strategies.

The tale of the tape


Although cloud storage is now easily and securely acces-
sible, many organizations still struggle with legacy tape

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implementations in spite of their well-documented
problems, including the following:

»» Failed backups: Tape systems are more suscep-


tible to drive and media failures than disk systems.

»» Lengthy restore times: It can take days or weeks to


restore data from tapes stored at an offsite location.

»» Data security: Tapes can be lost or stolen when


transported offsite for storage. The loss of
unencrypted tapes can trigger requirements for
public disclosure and result in substantial penalties.

»» Data loss: Mislabeled tapes, lost tapes, and media


failures can all result in the loss of critical data.

»» High management costs: The time required to


manage physical tapes, resolve failed backups, and
manage restore operations increases as the
amount of backup data increases.

Going to the cloud


Backup to the cloud is a rapidly emerging data protection
strategy. A typical backup-to-the-cloud solution uses
on-premises components (including backup software,
media servers, server agents, and disk backup targets) to
provide the first tier of backup and recovery capability.
The system then replicates backup data to the cloud in
order to provide a second tier of storage for offsite disas-
ter recovery and archiving purposes.
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Examining the Benefits
Backup to the cloud, utilizing a disk-to-disk-to-cloud
(D2D2C) architecture, can provide numerous benefits for
organizations, including the following:

»» Rapid restores: Routine restore requests (such as an


accidental modification or deletion of a file) can be
completed quickly from the on-premises backup disk.
»» Leverage existing backup infrastructure: Backup
to the cloud solutions, such as NetApp AltaVault
cloud-integrated storage, work with a wide variety of
backup applications and enable you to seamlessly
integrate these solutions with public or private clouds.

»» Near-instantaneous offsite vaulting: Rather than


waiting for a backup window to complete, and then
transporting tapes to an offsite facility, D2D2C allows
you to begin streaming backup data to a cloud service
while individual backup jobs are running.
»» Low cost backup storage: The cost for cloud storage
has dropped to less than $0.01 per gigabyte per month,
making backup to the cloud a very cost-effective
solution and enabling organizations to forgo capital
investments in expensive backup storage.

»» Enhanced security: Security was once the primary


concern of organizations considering a cloud
strategy. Today, many cloud service providers have
better security safeguards in place than some of
the organizations that they serve!
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IN THIS CHAPTER
»» Backing up to the cloud
»» Getting physical (with backups)
»» Going virtual
»» Understanding cloud-based
appliances

Chapter  2
Choosing an
Appliance

I
n this chapter, you learn about the different types of
cloud-integrated backup appliances— physical, vir-
tual, and cloud-based. The NetApp AltaVault is used to
provide examples.

Your Data, Any Cloud


Cloud-integrated storage enables organizations to
securely back up data to practically any cloud, usually at

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a lower cost compared with on-premises solutions. This
approach gives organizations the power to tap into cloud
economics and scale while preserving investments in
existing backup infrastructure.

With an AltaVault solution, backup data is deduplicated,


compressed, and encrypted onto a physical or virtual
appliance, which caches recent backups locally and vaults
older backup copies to the cloud (see Figure 2-1).

Source: NetApp

FIGURE 2-1: NetApp AltaVault provides seamless integration with


existing applications and cloud service providers.

The Attraction of a Physical


Appliance
Physical backup appliances are often deployed in enter-
prise data centers to protect large volumes of data. Such
datasets require high levels of performance and scalabil-
ity. They benefit from enterprise-grade solutions that are

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built on scalable hardware platforms that can rapidly
stream data to the cloud.

NetApp AltaVault physical appliances are available with


local cache capacities ranging from 32 to 384 terabytes,
which is protected using a RAID 6 design. Multiple ports
are available for network connectivity, and the links can
be aggregated (provided the network switch supports
that feature). Each physical appliance includes:

»» Four 1 Gigabit Ethernet connections


»» Four 10 Gigabit Ethernet connections
RAID 6 uses block-level striping with two
parity blocks distributed across all member
disks.

Some Prefer a Virtual


Approach
Virtual backup appliances for Microsoft Hyper-V, VMware
ESX, and Kernel-Based Virtual Machines (KVM) are good
solutions for medium-sized businesses getting started
with the cloud. They also work well for enterprises that
need to protect branch and remote offices with the same
level of protection they require in the data center.

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AltaVault enables the deployment of virtual appliances
onto general purpose x86 servers, while still providing
the features and functionality of physical appliances
(discussed in the previous section). AltaVault virtual
appliances can be deployed onto KVM, VMware, or
Hyper-V hypervisors, giving you flexibility to choose the
approach that works best for your organization.

AltaVault virtual appliances are available in different


sizes based on the amount of local disk capacity
­supported — 8TB, 16TB, or 32TB.

Understanding Cloud-Based
Appliances
For organizations that need additional offsite protection,
cloud-based appliances running on Amazon Web Ser-
vices (AWS) or Microsoft Azure offer a low-cost way to
recover backup data. In a typical use case, data is initially
backed up at the primary site using an on-premises
physical or virtual appliance. If the primary site becomes
unavailable for any reason, you can quickly recover your
data directly from a software appliance deployed in the
AWS or Azure cloud.

Another use case for a cloud-based appliance is when you


have production workloads running in a public cloud ser-
vice. Those workloads can be backed up directly to a cloud-
based appliance using your existing backup software.

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An  AltaVault cloud-based appliance will deduplicate,
encrypt, and rapidly back up cloud-based applications to
long-term, low-cost cloud storage.

In both cases, pay-as-you-go pricing allows you to only


pay for what you use.

FINANCIAL SERVICES
FIRM OPTIMIZES BACKUP
A technology-focused proprietary trading firm
deployed NetApp AltaVault with AWS Glacier to
optimize its inefficient backup processes.

Challenges

• Data protection process involved managing


and storing tapes, which was time-consuming.

• Wanted to better utilize the talents of the


IT team.

Results

• Data is protected in flight and at rest using


SSL and AES 256-bit encryption.

• 40 hours a month were reclaimed by the


IT team to focus on new projects.

(continued)

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(continued)

• Annual archival storage cost reduced by


96 percent.

• Two-year return on investment (ROI) and


$500,000 potential cost avoidance by elimi-
nating a costly storage area network (SAN)
upgrade.

• 85 percent data set reduction with


deduplication.

• Restores in minutes (from AltaVault cache)


or four to five hours (from Glacier), versus
two to three days with tape.

For more details go to www.netapp.com/


customer-stories.

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IN THIS CHAPTER
»» Performing backups efficiently
»» Architecting for flexibility
»» Keeping backup data secure
»» Simplifying your backup strategy

Chapter  3
The Benefits of
AltaVault Cloud
Backup Solutions

I n this chapter, you learn the benefits of the NetApp


AltaVault cloud-integrated backup solution.

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Efficient
Efficiency is an essential AltaVault benefit. AltaVault uses
inline deduplication and compression, resulting in data
reduction ratios of up to 30:1  — which means you can
store less data in the cloud and get it there faster.

Over three years, connecting AltaVault with a


public cloud storage service can save you
money compared to disk-to-disk backup
appliances and tape.

Other efficiency features and benefits include the


following:

»» Network and cloud optimization


• Built-in WAN optimization reduces the amount
of data transported to the cloud and speeds
transfer times.

• AltaVault intelligently throttles data, which can


save you time (and money).

• Quality of Service (QoS) ensures that data is


correctly prioritized to move to and from the
cloud at the speed your business requires.

»» Faster data recovery


• Restores from local caches are much faster than
tape.

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• Intelligent prefetching enables AltaVault to
restore data from the cloud within minutes.

• Organizations can restore cloud-based data


much faster compared with offsite tapes.

Open
Another key benefit of an AltaVault solution is an open
architecture that enables seamless integration with the
cloud.

Advantages of the AltaVault open architecture include the


following:

»» Flexible deployment and scale


• Choose the offering that is right for your
organization: physical, virtual, or cloud-based
appliances.

• AltaVault appliances start as small as 2 tera-


bytes and can scale to protect up to 57 peta­
bytes of data in the cloud.

»» Compatible with your existing backup software


• Love your backup software? If so, you’re in luck.
AltaVault is compatible with the majority of

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leading backup and archive solutions, including
CommVault, IBM, Veeam, and Veritas.

• Don’t waste time and effort ripping and replacing


your backup software and retraining IT staff.

»» Offers cloud choice and agility


• Pick a cloud, any cloud, and AltaVault likely
supports it. AltaVault supports dozens of cloud
options, including the leading cloud service
providers.

• AltaVault enables you to migrate your data from


one cloud provider to another, avoiding vendor
lock-in.

Secure
AltaVault protects your backup data with security fea-
tures that enable you to do the following:

»» Encrypt data in-flight and at rest.


• Ensure that data at rest is safe using AES
(advanced encryption standard) 256-bit
encryption, with FIPS (federal information
processing standards) 140-2 Level 1–validated
encryption.

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• Protect data in-flight with industry-standard SSL
(Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer
Security) encryption with keys managed locally
by your IT security department.

»» Control your data.


• Restrict access to backup data on AltaVault to
authorized personnel using role-based access
controls.

• Use the management ACL (access control list)


to secure the appliance by exposing only the
necessary protocols, ports, and networks needed.

»» Minimize recovery time and data loss.


• Reduce RTO and meet SLAs by restoring files
from locally cached backups on the AltaVault
appliance.

• Improve RPO by immediately replicating data


offsite so that recovery points are as recent as
your latest backup, rather than the last time
tapes were shipped offsite.

»» Improve disaster recovery.


• Recover cloud-based backup data during DR
tests or actual disasters with AltaVault cloud-
based appliances running on AWS or Azure.

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The amount of data that you store in the
cloud is reduced by the deduplication ratio
you achieve with your data. At 30:1, you
would only need 100TB of cloud storage to
house 3 petabytes of data!

Simple
AltaVault simplifies the deployment and management of
cloud-integrated backups. The simplicity of design
enables organizations to do the following:

»» Deploy faster.
• Get up and running with AltaVault in less than
30 minutes. In three simple steps, you can start
sending data to the cloud.

• Accelerate your cloud storage on-ramp with


rapid deployment and faster data transfers.

»» Manage smarter.
• Reduce tape management overhead and manual
tasks that are error prone and time consuming.

• Perform remote monitoring and management


from a GUI-driven management dashboard.

• Allocate valuable employee resources to other


projects.

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IN THIS CHAPTER
»» Leveraging your existing backup
software
»» Replicating to a public cloud
»» Backing up to private clouds

Chapter  4
Freedom to Choose

I
n this chapter, you learn more about how a cloud
backup appliance can be used with leading backup
software applications and both public and private
clouds.

Backup Application Support


NetApp AltaVault appliances are designed to optimize
backup and archive operations. Through integration with
leading backup, archive, and database software offerings,
AltaVault offers maximum flexibility for organizations

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that want to leverage their existing backup applications
as part of a cloud-integrated backup strategy.

AltaVault appliances are file-based appli-


ances that provide flexible high-­performance
storage for backup applications through a
variety of storage protocols, including:

»» Windows SMB (also known as Server Message


Block)

»» UNIX or Linux NFS (also known as Network File


System)

»» NetApp ONTAP SnapMirror


»» Veritas OpenStorage (OST)

Public Clouds
Reliably offloading backup data to a public cloud is criti-
cal to the success of any cloud backup appliance. AltaVault
solutions optimize replication to public clouds, while
providing users with options to throttle bandwidth use,
and for scheduling when replication can run.

AltaVault replication is done using cloud


provider APIs (application programming
interfaces), which are typically HTTP/REST
(hypertext transfer protocol/­representational

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state transfer) based protocols. These proto-
cols are designed for multisession ingests of
small data segments. The data segments are
then stored collectively in a single target
location (commonly referred to as a cloud
bucket).

AltaVault networking parameters have been carefully


tuned to optimize throughput with each supported cloud
provider. AltaVault allocates multiple threads to transmit
data to and from the cloud provider, based on networking
performance, the data in the queue, and the cloud pro-
vider selected.

Transactions are batched together for maximum


throughput and efficiency of the threads. Objects sent to
the public cloud provider are typically anywhere from
several kilobytes up to a few megabytes in size. In the
event of a problem with a data object, transfers will auto-
matically pause and alert the user that the appliance was
unable to maintain connectivity to the cloud storage
bucket.

Replication is automatic and provides an


estimated time of completion when running
so that users can better understand the time
frame required to perform cloud data updates.
This can be important if there are restrictions
placed on bandwidth or if scheduling win-
dows are in use. Establishing a completion
date and time lets users know clearly when

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data is in sync with cloud storage and pro-
tected in the event of a disaster.

AltaVault seamlessly integrates dozens of


public cloud services, including Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Google Cloud Storage,
Microsoft Azure, and many regional service
providers.

Private Clouds
For organizations that don’t use the public cloud (either
because they can’t or don’t want to), AltaVault integrates
with many private cloud object storage solutions, includ-
ing NetApp StorageGRID Webscale. Private or hybrid
cloud infrastructures can provide efficiency and security
for your data protection strategy.

A combined NetApp StorageGRID Webscale and AltaVault


solution is one example of a private cloud infrastructure
that enables organizations to efficiently store, manage,
and retrieve their data.

NetApp StorageGRID Webscale is a scalable, software-


defined object storage solution for large archives, media
repositories, and web datastores. StorageGRID Webscale
combines more than ten years of production deploy-
ments with intelligent policy-driven data management
to create an enterprise-grade, highly scalable object
repository built for the hybrid cloud.

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You can connect the AltaVault appliance and StorageGRID
Webscale over a WAN or LAN.  Either way, the built-in
network optimization and deduplication of AltaVault sig-
nificantly reduce the amount of data transported and can
speed up transfer rates.

The StorageGRID Webscale policy engine provides auto-


mated data placement across storage tiers, physical sites,
and hybrid clouds, according to your site-based perfor-
mance and availability requirements, and is optimized for
cost as your data ages. Real-time auditing provides con-
tinuous and active monitoring for SLA verification and
reporting. Finally, the StorageGRID Webscale data dura-
bility framework ensures data integrity and accessibility.

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is strictly prohibited.
IN THIS CHAPTER
»» Nine things to consider for your
backup strategy

Chapter  5
Nine Ways to
Get Started

H ere are nine things you need to consider when


planning your backup to the cloud strategy.

Review Your Service-Level


Agreements (SLAs)
SLAs are subject to change periodically. Ensure that
your  SLAs are current and that your backup strategy

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is  designed to meet increasingly stringent SLA
requirements.

Understand Your Data


Retention Requirements
Every organization has unique data retention require-
ments, and those requirements sometimes change.

Ensure that your retention requirements are current,


­relevant, comprehensive, and understood.

You should retain data backups onsite long


enough to cover approximately 85 percent of
your typical file restore requests. Your offsite
retention requirements will be driven by your
company’s data retention policies and legal
requirements.

Update Your Disaster


Recovery (DR) Plans
DR plans must be continuously updated to ensure that
they’re relevant and effective. Start with your most cur-
rent DR plans to help you identify any areas that your
current backup infrastructure can’t adequately address.

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Verify Regulatory
Requirements
Be familiar with any applicable regulatory requirements
for your organization’s data and ensure that your backup
strategy adequately addresses those requirements.

Know Your Legal


Requirements
Some data may have legal requirements for where it
can  physically be stored with respect to geographical
location. This is particularly important when considering
a backup-to-the-cloud strategy. Ensure that you know
the legal requirements for your organization’s data.

Define Your Business and


Technical Requirements
Meet with business stakeholders, data owners (or custo-
dians), and other key personnel throughout your organi-
zation to formally define the business requirements for
your data protection strategy, as well as technical
requirements, including performance, scalability, and
security.

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Assess Your Existing
Backup Strategy
Perform a gap analysis to determine any shortcom-
ings  that need to be addressed between your exist-
ing  backup strategy/infrastructure and your business/
technical requirements.

Identify Reusable Backup


Components
Identify any components in your existing backup infra-
structure that you might leverage in your new backup
strategy, such as backup software, media servers, storage
devices, and cloud service providers.

Remember Not All


Data Is the Same
Different applications have different needs for retention
and backup. Many organizations tend to back up and
retain all data the same way.

30
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