2002 年 10 TOEFL 试题
Section One: Listening Comprehension
1. (A) She wants the man to make a reservation
for her.
(B) They don't need a reservation tonight.
(C) They should make reservations for next
weekend.
(D) She thinks the restaurant will be crowded
tonight.
2. (A) Get her watch fixed.
(B) Purchase a watch for the man.
(C) Cancel the next meeting.
(D) End the meeting early.
3 (A) Take the class with a different professor
(B) Take a class in a different subject.
(C) Ask the professor if she can take the class.
(D) Complete the required courses this term.
4. (A) He isn't sure who won the game.
(B) The game won't be played until next week.
(C) It started raining after the game was over.
(D) It probably will rain next week.
5. (A) The book had been misplaced on the
shelf.
(B) He can probably get a copy of the book for
the woman.
(C) He will call the warehouse to see if the book
is available.
(D) The woman should check to see if other
bookstores have the book..
6. (A) He used to have problems doing the
assignments.
(B) The woman should become a tutor.
(C) The woman won't have difficulty in her next
class.
(D) The woman needs help with her
assignments.
7. (A) Buy the cheaper ice cream.
(B) Buy the brand of ice cream he usually buys.
(C) Choose an ice cream that tastes good.
(D) Get ice cream at a different store.
8. (A) He didn't enjoy the game because the
team lost.
(B) He's impressed by the efforts of the team.
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(C) The woman is wrong about who won the
game.
(D) The players could have won if they'd tried
harder.
9. (A) The woman already knew about the
increase in fees.
(B) The dorms will be cheaper than off-campus
housing.
(C) The woman thinks the man should move out
of the dorm.
(D) The woman is pleased she won't have to pay
the higher fees.
10. (A) He didn't know that David was having a
problem.
(B) The woman doesn't know much about
accounting.
(C) David hasn't started working on his project
yet.
(D) David is going to ask the woman for help.
11. (A) Invite his family to go to Alaska with
him.
(B) Get advice on how to organize the trip.
(C) Make a flight reservation as soon as
possible.
(D) Borrow money from his family.
12. (A) He'd like to go for a walk another time.
(B) He doesn't want to walk in the rain.
(C) He's on his way to check out a book..
(D) He only has time for a short walk.
13. (A) She doesn't speak French very well.
(B) She may be too busy to help.
(C) She didn't attend the French Club
meeting yesterday.
(D) She hadn't heard about the activities
fair.
14. (A) She needs to relax.
(B) The man should try harder to concentrate.
(C) She has almost finished the reading
assignment.
(D) The music will bother her.
15. (A) Speak to his previous employer.
(B) Get a job working on campus.
(C) Attend the career services workshop.
(D) Get a job application form from her.
16. (A) She will wash the sweater.
(B) The sweater has the wrong label.
(C) The man can get another sweater.
(D) The manufacturer will repair the sweater.
17. (A) He's very busy Friday night.
(B) He hasn't seen his parents for a long time.
(C) He's sorry that he missed dinner.
(D) He accepts the woman's invitation.
18. (A) Discuss her report with the man.
(B) Give the man her history notes.
(C) Work on an assignment.
(D) Answer the man's questions.
19. (A) She's going to spend the whole year in
New York.
(B) She plans to travel somewhere other than
New York.
(C) She decided not to take a vacation this year.
(D) She won't be able to travel until later in the
year.
20. (A) She doesn't think that she looks like the
student.
(B) Many of her students look alike.
(C) She isn't related to the student.
(D) Her daughter isn't in her class.
21. (A) The woman will probably not be able to
get the call she's waiting for.
(B) The woman's phone call isn't important.
(C) He'll call the phone company for the
woman.
(D) He'll try to repair the "woman's phone.
22. (A) He also plans to drop a class.
(B) He also waited in line for a long time today.
(C) He doesn't know where to go to drop a class.
(D) He missed the deadline for dropping a class.
23. (A) The man should use a new printer.
(B) The man's primer isn't set up correctly.
(C) There is nothing wrong with the man's
printer.
(D) She can't help the man right away.
24. (A) The woman should wear his scarf to the
game.
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(B) It will be cold at the game.
(C) The woman should borrow another sweater.
(D) He'll go home and get another scarf.
25. (A) She understands why the man seems
unhappy.
(B) She will help the man change his diet.
(C) The man should see a doctor.
(D) The doctor has already explained the
problem to her.
26. (A) The number of people who voted was
very low.
(B) The vote was very close.
(C) Congressman Baker didn't run for office.
(D) She was not pleased with the results.
27. (A) He's sorry that the woman didn't like the
book.
(B) He can order the math book for the woman.
(C) It's too late for the woman to get a refund.
(D) The woman bought the book less than ten
days ago.
28. (A) He was pleased with the art in the
collection.
(B) He prefers small art exhibits to large ones.
(C) He hasn't visited the art gallery yet.
(D) He doesn't enjoy going to art galleries.
29. (A) He'd like to invite the woman for lunch..
(B) He didn't expect to join the woman for
lunch.
(C) He can help the woman solve the math
problem.
(D) He wants to postpone his lunch meeting
with the woman.
30. (A) Vote for the man.
(B) Read the man's speech.
(C) Introduce the man to the class president.
(D) Tell her friends to vote in the election.
31. (A) The early history of bookbinding.
(B) How old books become valuable.
(C) Economical ways to protect old books.
(D) Why some books deteriorate. .
32. (A) They are often handled improperly by
readers.
(B) The paper is destroyed by chemicals.
(C) The ink used in printing damages the paper.
(D) The glue used in the binding loses its
 strength.
33. (A) They are difficult to read.
(B) They are slowly falling apart.
(C) They were not made from wood pulp.
(D) They should be stored in a cold place.
34. (A) It's very expensive.
(B) It hasn't proven to be totally effective.
(C) It can be damaging to some books.
(D) It can't be used on books published before
1850.
35. (A) Get some books for the man to look at.
(B) Ask the man to look over her notes.
(C) Continue her research in the library.
(D) Find more information on how books are
preserved.
36. (A) To plan an exhibit of the student's
artwork.
(B) To discuss different whaling techniques.
(C) To prepare for a visit to a museum.
(D) To review information for an examination.
37. (A) Iron from old ships.
(B) Wood found floating in the ocean.
(C) Seashells of unusual shapes and colors.
(D) The bones and teeth of whales.
38. (A) To occupy their free time.
(B) To bring good luck.
(C) To earn extra money.
(D) To take part in art competitions.
39. (A) They were used in the home.
(B) They were used to decorate the ship.
(C) They were used to catch whales.
(D) They were sold to art dealers.
40. (A) The importance of anthropology to
modern society,
(B) A good source of information about a
society.
(C) Attitudes toward culture in the 1940's.
(D) The relationship between anthropology and
the military.
41. (A) Students might not consider them to be
an important part of culture.
(B) They symbolize the rebellion of youth in the
1950's.
(C) They are discussed in the student's textbook.
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(D) They have been worn for hundreds of years.
42. (A) To show how politics have changed over
the years.
(B) To point out that T-shirts often provide
personal information.
(C) To illustrate how the printing on clothing
has improved.
(D) To support that T-shirts are a form of art.
43. (A) Places where T-shirts are not acceptable.
(B) Images that are currently printed on T-shirts.
(C) Names of people who have made T-shirts
popular.
(D) Ways that T-shirts represent American
culture.
44. (A) Successful business practices.
(B) Famous inventors.
(C) Public health concerns.
(D) Unsuccessful inventions.
45. (A) They drank from public water fountains.
(B) They passed around a cup of water.
(C) They drank from personal tin cups that they
carried with them.
(D) They bought a paper cup of water.
46. (A) To demonstrate the importance of public
health laws.
(B) To point out that without luck businesses
will not succeed.
(C) To explain how traveling led to new
inventions.
(D) To illustrate the importance of having the
right product at the right time.
47. (A) How grasshoppers find food.
(B) How grasshoppers fight other insects.
(C) How grasshoppers communicate with each
other.
(D) How grasshoppers escape from danger.
48. (A) To correct a common misunderstanding
about grasshoppers.
(B) To help explain how well grasshoppers can
jump.
(C) To compare the size of grasshopper with that
of other insects. -
(D) To show how quickly grasshoppers respond
to danger.
49. (A) They detect nerve impulses transmitted
to a grasshopper's legs.
(B) They sense how far a grasshopper has
jumped.
(C) They detect changes in air pressure.
(D) They help a grasshopper find food.
50. (A) The number of impulses transmitted to
the grasshopper's legs.
(B) The age of the grasshopper.
(C) The number of sensory organs the
grasshopper has.
(D) The size of the nerves that control walking.

Section Two: Structure and Written Expression

1. Among the 450 artworks in the White House 6. Ohio, the center of_____ the Hopewell
art collection __ . culture, has the greatest concentration of ancient
(A) as is Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and Two burial mounds in the United States.
Children (A) called
(B) is Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and Two (B) what is called
Children (C) that is called
(C) which is Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and (D) is called
Two Children
(D) Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and Two 7. ____ , such as jazz, are often played
Children from memory rather than from a written score.
(A) Of some types music
2. An unconsolidated aggregate of silt particles (B) Music some of types
is also termed silt, _____ a consolidated (C) Some types of music
aggregate is called siltstone. (D) Types of music some
(A) which
(B) why 8. During the 1850', reform movements
(C) whereas ___temperance and the abolition of slavery
(D) whether gained strength in the United States.
(A) advocating
3. In 1864 the American Shakespearean actor (B) they had advocated
Edwin Booth gained critical acclaim when he (C) to advocating
____ Hamlet at the Winter Garden Theatre (D) to advocate when
in New York City.
(A) perform 9. Many meteorites are thought to have
(B) performed originated from ___ that once existed between
(C) had been performing the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
(D) having performed (A) where a planet or planets
(B) a planet or planets so
4. ____ are chiefly derived from petroleum. (C) which a planet or planets
(A) Plastics today (D) a planet or planets
(B) There are plastics today
(C) Because today plastics today 10. The modern automobile is a
(D) Due to plastics today composed of more than 14,000 parts.
(A) complex technical system
5. Most tangerine trees and their flowers and (B) system of complex technical
fruits resemble ____the orange, although (C) complex technical system that
tangerines are generally smaller. (D) system is technically complex
(A) of those
(B) which of those 11. over 100 years since the invention of
(C) those of (D) which are the square-bottomed paper bag.
of (A) Now is

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(B) Now it has
(C) There is now 14. The invention of the compound
(D) It is now microscope (which allowed much higher
magnification through multiple lenses)
12. The novelist John Dos Passes developed a
style of fiction incorporating several
made _____ the great strides in life
documentary devices ____ to his works. sciences.
(A) lent realism (A) it possible
(B) that lending realism (B) possibly
(C) to lend realism (C) possible
(D) of whose realism lent (D) it was possible

13. In Earth's infancy, its surface was warm 15. Hares generally have longer ears and hind
enough for life ____ the young Sun legs than rabbits and move by jumping
was fainter than it is today. ____ running.
(A) in spite of (A) rather to be
(B) whether (B) rather than
(C) neither of which (C) are rather
(D) even though (D) as rather

16. Lake trout, fish usually finding in deep, cool lakes, are greenish gray and are
A B
covered with pale spots.
C D
17. During the first 20 years of the space age, the United States spent more than 90
A B
billion dollars onto its civilian and military space programs.
C D
18. Vitamins A and C and most of the B vitamins are retain in foods that have
A B C
been canned.
D
19. Ella Baker spent her adult life working for social change by lecturing, writing,
A B
teacher, and organizing adult literacy programs.
C D
20. Gold can combined with silver in any proportion, but alloys with 50 to 60 percent
A B C
silver are the_strongest.
D
21. The camera obscura, a lensless precursor of the photographic camera, consists_of
A
a darkened chamber, with light pass into it through a single tiny hole.
B C D
22. Lumber production was the main industry in Michigan until the early 1900's,
A B C
which the automobile industry was established in Detroit.
D
23. Twenty minutes of vigorous exercise every day is very effect in helping a person
A B C
to maintain physical fitness.
D

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24. It was not until after Emily Dickinson's death in 1886 that, hidden away in her
A B
bureau, overly one thousand unpublished poems were discovered,
C D
25. Rocks form within Earth are called intrusive or plutonic rocks because the
A B
magma from which they form often intrudes into neighboring rock.
C D
26. Most fish swim by moving their tails from side to side , with little relatively body
A B C D
undulation.
27. In its life expectancy, although in most other things, the Sun is a typical star.
A B C D
28. Machines need energy to function, whether it is animal or human muscle, wind or
A B
waters currents, or heat-generated energy, such as steam.
C D
29. The modern violin, the smallest and versatile instrument in the violin family, is
A B
tuned in fifths and produces tones ranging over four and a half octaves.
C D
30. Norman Rockwell was a meticulous artist who paintings portrayed family
A B
incidents and well-defined characters with a wealth of supporting details.
C D
31. By the late twelve century, stained glass had emerged in Europe as an integral
A B C D
part of Gothic architecture.
32. The United States, a nation with a highly diversified economy, is a major
A B
exporter of grain, fruit, chemical, aircraft, and cars.
C D
33. Canada began cultivation wheat intensively in 1910, which led to a demand for
A B
tools, machines, housing, and building supplies.
C D
34. Magnesium has little structural strength and must be alloyed with another metals
A B
such as aluminum and zinc when it is to be subjected to stress.
C D
35. Orchid seeds take up to eighteen months to mature before they sprout, and the
A B
young plants may need another two years to reach at the flowering stage.
C D
36. The oldest public edifice in Washington D.C., the White House was originally
A B
constructed in the 1790's, also has been rebuilt or extensively remodeled
C
three times since.
D
37. Mitosis is the normal process by which a cell divides, each new cell ending up
A B C
with a same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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 D
38. There are a series of large-scale wind patterns all over Earth are called prevailing
A B
winds that have a direct effect on weather and climate.
C D
39. 1n June, 1846, near Sacramento, California, a number of new settlers rebelled in
A B C
the Bear Flag Revolt and proclaiming California an independent republic.
D
40. A mutation is result of a definite biochemical change in a gene that causes the
A B
offspring to vary in some characteristic from the parents.
C D

Section Three: Reading Comprehension

Question I~9
The first birds appeared during late Jurassic times. These birds are known from
four very good skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated feather, all from
the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is
extensively quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in a shallow
(5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying vertebrates occasionally fell into the water
and were buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable detail In this
way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons, which have been named Archaeopteryx, were
fossilized. And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons, but so also
were imprints of the feathers. If the indications of feathers had not been preserved in
(10)association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these fossils would have been
classified among the dinosaurs, for they show numerous theropod characteristics.
Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with an archeosaurian type of
skull, a long neck, a compact body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a
long tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned as wings.
(15) Modern birds, who are the descendants of these early birds, are highly
organized animals, with a constant body temperature and a very high rate of
metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having evolved extraordinarily
complex behavior patterns such as those of nesting and song, and the habit among
many species of making long migrations from one continent to another and back
(20)each year.
Most birds also have very strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the
ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the waterbirds, such as ducks and
geese, have the distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the water, on
land, and in the air, a range in natural locomotor ability that has never been attained
(25)by any other vertebrate.

1. According to the author, all of-the following meaning to

evidence relating to the first birds was found (A) confused with others
EXCEPT (B) gradually weakened
(A) nesting materials (C) protected from destruction
(B) four skeletons in good condition (D) lost permanently
(C) two fragmented skeletons
(D) a single feather 3. It can be inferred from the passage that the
Archaeopteryx were classified as birds on the
2. The word "preserved" in line 8 is closest in basis of

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(A) imprints of bones (C) Archaeopteryx
(B) imprints of feathers (D)crows
(C) the neck structure
(D) skeletons 7. The word "constant" in line 16 is closest
in meaning to
4. The word "they" in line 11 refers to (A) comfortable
(A) indications (B) combined
(B) fossils (C) consistent
(C) dinosaurs (D) complementary
(D) characteristics
8. The author mentions all of the following as
5. Why does the author mention "a crow" in examples of complex behavior patterns evolved
line 12? by birds EXCEPT
(A) to indicate the size of Archaeopteryx (A) migrating
(B) To specify the age of the Archaeopteryx (B) nesting
fossils (C)singing
(C) To explain the evolutionary history of .(D) running
Archaeopteryx
(D) To demonstrate the superiority of the 9. The word "attained" in line 24 is closest
theropod to Archaeopteryx in meaning to
(A) required
6. It can be inferred from the passage that (B) achieved
theropods were (C) observed
(A) dinosaurs (D) merited
(B) birds

Questions 10-19
Newspaper publishers in the United States have long been enthusiastic users
and distributors of weather maps. Although some newspapers that had carried the
United States Weather Bureau's national weather map in 1912 dropped it once the
novelty had passed, many continued to print the daily weather chart provided by
(5) their local forecasting office. In the 1930's, when interest in aviation and progress in
air-mass analysis made weather patterns more newsworthy, additional newspapers
started or resumed the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP) news
service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and offered subscribing newspapers
morning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the AP's Washington, B.C., office
(10)from charts provided by the government agency. Another news service, United Press
International (UPI), developed a competing photowire network and also provided
timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon newspapers. After the United
States government launched a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and
UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather Bureau.
(15) In the late 1970's and early 1980's, the weather map became an essential
ingredient in the redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers, threatened
by increased competition from television for readers' attention, sought to package
the news more conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers felt
threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily newspaper that used a page-wide,
(20)full-color weather map as its key design element. That the weather map in USA
21 Today did not include information about weather fronts and pressures attests to the
largely symbolic role it played. Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan
newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted full-color temperature
maps for the standard weather maps, while others dropped the comparatively drab
(25)satellite photos or added regional forecast maps with pictorial symbols to indicate
rainy, snowy, cloudy, or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York

8
 Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually prominent weather map that
was specially designed to explain an important recent or imminent weather event.
Ironically, a newspaper's richest, most instructive weather maps often are
(30)comparatively small and inconspicuous.

10. What does the passage mainly discuss? (B) combines with
(A) The differences between government and (C) interferes with
newspaper weather forecasting in the United (D) gives evidence of
States.
(B) The history of publishing weather maps in 15. The word "others" in line 24 refers to
United States newspapers (A) newspapers
(C) A comparison of regional and national (B) ways
weather reporting in the United States. (C) temperature maps
(D) Information that forms the basis for weather (D) weather maps
forecasting in the United States
16. The word "drab" in line 24 is closest in
11. The word "resumed" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
meaning to (A) precise
(A) began again (B) poor
(B) held back (C) simple
(C) thought over (D) dull
(D) referred to
17. In contrast to the weather maps of USA
12. According to the passage, one important Today, weather maps in The New York Times
reason why newspapers printed daily weather tended to be
maps during the first half of the twentieth (A) printed in foil color
century was (B) included for symbolic reasons
(A) the progress in printing technology (C) easily understood by the readers
(B) a growing interest in air transportation (D) filled with detailed information
(C) a change in atmospheric conditions
(D) the improvement of weather forecasting 18. The word "prominent" in line 27 is closest
techniques in meaning to
(A) complex
13. What regular service did The Associated (B) noticeable
Press and United Press International begin to (C) appealing
offer subscribing newspapers in the 1930's? (D) perfect
(A) A new system of weather forecasting
(B) An air-mass analysis 19. The author uses the term "Ironically" in line
(C) Twice daily weather maps 29 to indicate that a weather map's
(D) Cloud-cover photographs appearance
(A) is not important to newspaper publishers
14. The phrase "attests to" in line 21 is closest (B) does not always indicate how much
in meaning to information it provides
(A) makes up for (C) reflects how informative a newspaper can be
(D) often can improve newspaper sales

Question 20-30
Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events,
anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a
group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can
be credited with conscious processing.
(5) Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all
and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One

9
 example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of
nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of
the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun's position in the sky,
(10)and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most
researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and
shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing
the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the
previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would
(15) appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the
bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees,
whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the
location of the new site.
Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many
(20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using
objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found
that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open
hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing
chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other
(25)our chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the
chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort
of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label
quantities of items and do simple sums.

20. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The role of instinct in animal behavior
(B) Observations that suggest consciousness in
animal behavior
(C) The use of food in studies of animal
behavior
(D) Differences between the behavior of
animals in their natural environments and
in laboratory experiments.
21. Which of the following is NOT discussed as
an ability animals are thought to have?
(A) Selecting among choices
(B) Anticipating events to come
(C) Remembering past experiences
(D) Communicating emotions
22. What is the purpose of the honeybee dance?
(A) To determine the quantity of food at a site
(B) To communicate the location of food
(C) To increase the speed of travel to food
sources
(D) T identify the type of nectar that is available
23. The word "yet" in line 16 is closest in
meaning to
(A) however
(B) since
(C) generally
(D) so far
24. What did researchers discover in the study
of honeybees discussed in paragraph 2?
(A) Bees are able to travel at greater speeds than
scientists thought.
(B) The bees could travel 25% farther than
scientists expected.
(C) The bees were able to determine in advance
where scientists would place their food.
(D) Changing the location of food caused
bees to decrease their dance activity.
25. It can be inferred from the passage that
brain size is assumed to
(A) be an indicator of cognitive ability
(B) vary among individuals within a species
(C) be related to food consumption
(D) correspond to levels of activity
26. Why are otters and mussel shells included
in the discussion in paragraph 3?
(A) To provide an example of tool use among
animals
(B) To prove that certain species demonstrate
greater ability in tool use than other species
(C)
(D)
27. The word "rudimentary" in line 21 is closest
in meaning to

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(A) superior (A) study
(B) original (B) pair
(C) basic (C) chimpanzee
(D) technical (D) ability

28. It can be inferred from the statement about
mother chimpanzees and their young (lines 21-
23) that young chimpanzees have difficulty
(A) communicating with their mothers
(B) adding quantities
(C) making choices
(D) opening hard nuts
29. The phrase "the one" in line 26 refers to the
30. Scientists concluded from the experiment
with chimpanzees and chocolate chips
that chimpanzees
(A) lack abilities that other primates have
(B) prefer to work in pairs or groups
(C) exhibit behavior that indicates certain
mathematical abilities
(D) have difficulty selecting when given
choices

Questions 31-39
In eighteenth-century colonial America, flowers and fruit were typically the
province of the botanical artist interested in scientific illustration rather than being
the subjects of fine art. Early in the nineteenth century, however, the Peale family of
Philadelphia established the still life, a picture consisting mainly of inanimate
(5) objects, as a valuable part of the artist's repertoire. The fruit paintings by James and
Sarah Miriam Peale are simple arrangements of a few objects, handsomely colored,
small in size, and representing little more than what they are. In contrast were the
highly symbolic, complex compositions by Charles Bird King, with their biting
satire and critical social commentary. Each of these strains comminuted into and
(10) well past mid-century.
John F. Francis (1808-86) was a part of the Pennsylvania still-life tradition that
arose, at least in part, from the work of the Peales. Most of his still lifes date from
around 1850 to 1875. Luncheon Still Life looks like one of the Peales' pieces on a
larger scale, kits greater complexity resulting from the number of objects. It is also
(15) indebted to the luncheon type of still life found in seventeenth-century Dutch
painting. The opened bottles of wine and the glasses of wine partially consumed
suggest a number of unseen guests. The appeal of the fruit and nuts to our sense of
taste is heightened by the juicy orange, which has already been sliced. The
arrangement is additive, that is, made up of many different parts, not always
(20) compositionally integrated, with all objects of essentially equal importance.
About 1848, Severin Roesen came to the United States from Germany and
settled in New York City, where he began to paint large, lush still lifes of flowers,
fruit, or both, often measuring over four feet across. Still Life with Fruit and
Champagne is typical in its brilliance of color, meticulous rendering of detail,
(25) compact composition, and unabashed abundance. Rich in symbolic overtones, the
beautifully painted objects carry additional meanings------butterflies or fallen buds
suggest the impermanence of life, a bird's nest with eggs means fertility, and so on.
Above all, Roesen's art expresses the abundance that America symbolized to many of its citizens.

31. What does the passage mainly discuss? paintings

(A) The artwork of James and Sarah Miriam
Peale 32. Which of the following is mentioned as a
(B) How Philadelphia became a center for art in characteristic of the still lifes of James and
the nineteenth century Sarah Miriam Peale?
(C) Nineteenth-century still-life paintings in the (A) Simplicity
United States (B) Symbolism
(D) How botanical art inspired the first still-life (C) Smooth texture

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(D) Social commentary (B) significant
(C) appropriate
33. The word "biting" in line 8 is closest in (D) believable
meaning to
(A) simple 37. Which of the following terms is defined in
(B) sorrowful the passage?
(B) frequent (A) "repertoire" (line 5)
(D) sharp (B) "satire" (line 9)
(C) "additive" (line 19)
34. The word "It" in line 14 refers to (D) "rendering" (line 24)
(A) Luncheon Still Life
(B) one of the Peales' pieces 38. All of the following are mentioned as
(C) a larger scale characteristics of Roesen's still lifes EXCEPT
(D) the number of objects that they
(A) are symbolic
35. The word "heightened" in line 18 is closest (B) use simplified representations of flowers
in meaning to and fruit
(A) complicated (C) include brilliant colors
(B) directed (D) are large in size
(C) observed
(D) increased 39. Which of the following is mentioned as
the dominant theme in Roesen's painting?
36. The word "meticulous" in line 24 is closest (A) Fertility
in meaning to (B) Freedom
(A) careful (C) Impermanence
(D) Abundance

Question 40-50
Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, there has
been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and
the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in
regulating the Earth's temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern
(5) Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice
from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year
after year. Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time.
The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow
160,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core and
(10)measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice.
Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to
get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that
particular bit of water became locked in the glacier.
The result is a remarkable unbroken record of temperature and of atmospheric
(15)levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the
planet, carbon dioxide levels dropped. When the global temperature dropped 9°F (5 °C),
carbon dioxide levels dropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each
ice age ended and the Earth basked in a warm interglacial period, carbon dioxide
levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the 160,000 years of that ice
(20)record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated between 190 and
280 parts per million, but never rose much higher-until the Industrial Revolution
beginning in the eighteenth century and continuing today.
There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levels and
global temperature change goes back much further than the glacial record. Carbon
(25) dioxide levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during the

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 Carboniferous period, 360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for a
profusion of plant life whose buried remains produced a large fraction of the coal
deposits that are being brought to the surface and burned today.

40. Which of the following does the passage 45. According to the passage, scientists used
mainly discuss? isotopes from the water of the ice core to
(A) Chemical causes of ice ages determine which of following?
(B) Techniques for studying ancient layers of (A) The amount of air that had bubbled to the
ice in glaciers surface since the ice had formed
(C) Evidence of a relationship between levels of (B) The temperature of the atmosphere when
carbon dioxide and global temperature the ice was formed
(D) Effects of plant life on carbon dioxide (C) The date at which water had become locked
levels in the atmosphere in the glacier
(D) The rate at which water had been frozen in
41. The word “accumulated” in line 6 is closest the glacier
in meaning to_________
(A) spread out 46. The word "remarkable" in line 14 is closest
(B) changed in meaning to
(C) became denser (A) genuine
(D) built up (B) permanent
(C) extraordinary
42. According to the passage, the drilling of the (D) continuous
glacier in eastern Antarctica was important
because it 47. The word "link" in line 23 is closest in
(A) allowed scientists to experiment with new meaning to
drilling techniques (A) tension
(B) permitted the study of surface temperatures (B) connection
in an ice-covered region of Earth (C) attraction
(C) provided insight about climate conditions in (D) distance
earlier periods
(D) confirmed earlier findings about how 48. The passage implies that the warmest
glaciers are formed temperatures among the periods mentioned
occurred
43. The phrase "tantamount to" in line 7 is (A) in the early eighteenth century
closest in meaning to (B) 160,000 years ago
(A) complementary to (C) at the end of each ice age
(B) practically the same as (D) between 360 and 285 million years ago
(C) especially well suited to
(D) unlikely to be confused with 49. According to the passage, the Carboniferous
period was characterized by
44. According to the passage, Grenoble, France, (A) a reduction in the number of coal deposits
is the place where (B) the burning of a large amount of coal
(A) instruments were developed for measuring (C) an abundance of plants
certain chemical elements (D) an accelerated rate of glacier formation
(B) scientists first recorded atmospheric levels
of carbon dioxide 50. The passage explains the origin of which of
(C) scientists studied the contents of an ice core the following terms?
from Antarctica (A) Glacier (line5)
(D) (B) Isotopes (line 11)
(C) Industrial Revolution (line 21)
(D) Carboniferous period (lines 2
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