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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING LAB

VAPOUR COMPRESSION UNIT

Aim: To experiment on Vapor Compression Refrigeration Tutor and


Plot the graphs for the following

1. COP v/s evaporator temperature


2. Refrigerant flow rate v/s COP
3. Superheat v/s evaporator temperature
4. Refrigeration load and Power input v/s evaporator temperature

To verify heat balance.

Theory:

Refrigeration is playing an important role in all sectors of industry, commerce and household
usage. A domestic refrigerator or any refrigeration plants work on the vapour compression cycle.

It has four basic thermodynamic processes namely:


A) Evaporation; B) Compression; C) Condensation and D) Expansion.

Specifications of the Unit:

Refrigerant : R-134a Tetrafluoroethane CF3CH2F


Refrigeration rate : 1400W (max).
Condensing Temperature : 50oC (max).
Evaporating Temperature : -40 to +10oC.
Compressor Type : Twin cylinder, reciprocating type
Bore : 38mm
Stroke : 19mm
Swept Volume : 43.0cm3/rev.
Rotational speed : 740 rev/minute.
Condenser : Shell and Coil type: Heat transfer area 0.075m2
Evaporator : Compact one through concentric tube with refrigeration load
supplied by two separate electrical heating elements.
Cooling medium : Water
Expansion valve : Thermostatically controlled internally equalized valve, controlled
by superheat at evaporator outlet.

Instrumentation:

Water Flowmeter : One variable area water flow meter with needle control valve.
Refrigerant Flowmeter : One variable area R134a flow meter.
Pressure Gauges : 2 Bourdon tube gauges to indicate pressure in condenser and
evaporator.
Compressor Speed : A digital electronic tachometer with inductive sensor to measure
rotational speed of compressor pulley wheel.
Motor Speed : Motor speed from pulley belt diameter ratio = 1.98.
Torque : Dynamometer fitted to motor to indicate 0-20N at 165mm radius.
Temperature : A digital multi channel thermometer indicating temperatures from
‘K’ type thermocouples at important points.
Test Observations

Test
SERIES 1 2 3 4 5 6
No.

Condenser Pressure(abs.) Pc kN/m2

Evaporator Pressure(abs.) Pe kN/m2

o
Compressor Suction t1 C

o
Compressor Delivery t2 C

o
Liquid leaving Condenser t3 C

o
Evaporator inlet t4 C

o
Water inlet t5 C

o
Water outlet t6 C

Water flow rate mw g/s

R134a flow rate mr g/s

Evaporator Wattage Qeel W

Motor Wattage Qmel W

Spring Balance F N

Compressor speed nc rpm

Motor speed(nm=nc X Pulley ratio)


nm rpm
( Pulley ratio =1.98)
Graphs to be plotted:
Refrigeration load v/s evaporator temperature

 Refrigeration Load = m r  h1  h4 
 Evaporator Heat input = Q el

COP v/s evaporator temperature

 Shaft Power:
Ps  T 
2 N m
Ps  0.165.F .
60
 Friction Power:
Pf  T 
Ff  5 N (for no load condition)
2 N m
Pf  0.165.Ff .
60
 Indicated Power:
Pi  Ps  Pf
 COP based on electrical power
Q
COPep  e
Qel
 COP based on Shaft power
Q
COPsp  e
Ps
 COP based on Indicated Power
Q
COPip  e
Pi

COP v/s refrigerant flow rate

Superheat v/s evaporator temperature


 Degree of superheat
T1  Tsat
Heat Balance:

Volumetric efficiency:
Swept volume of compressor is always greater than volume of refrigerant delivered due
to manufacturing reasons. So volumetric efficiency should be considered.

.
V1
volumetric efficiency  .
Vswept
.
mr v1
 .
Vswept

.
m r  103  v1
Compressor swept volume is n
43  106  c
60

Heat Balance:
Indicated power  volumetric efficiency  evaporator load should be nearly ( 10% )
equal to heat loss to cooling water.

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