Name: ------------------ Quiz 8 Time: 20 minutes

ME:5160 Fall 2017

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The exam is closed book and closed notes.
A Newtonian fluid of density ρ and viscosity μ fills the annular gap between
concentric cylinders as shown blow. The inner cylinder of radius R1 is stationary,
and the outer cylinder of radius R2 rotates steadily at a constant angular speed ω.
The flow between the cylinders is laminar and incompressible. Assume steady,
purely circulating motion, 2D flow, circumferentially symmetric pressure, and
neglect gravity. Simplify the continuity and momentum equations and use
appropriate boundary conditions to determine the velocity distribution in the gap.
The equations of motion of an incompressible Newtonian fluid with constant density
and viscosity in cylindrical coordinates (r, θ, z) with velocity components (vr, vθ, vz):
Continuity:
1 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕
(𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 ) + (𝑣𝑣 ) + (𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 ) = 0
𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
r-momentum:
𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 2 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃
𝜌𝜌 � + 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 + + 𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 − � = 𝜌𝜌𝑔𝑔𝑟𝑟 − + 𝜇𝜇 � � (𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 )� + 2 + − �
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜃𝜃 2 𝜕𝜕𝑧𝑧 2 𝑟𝑟 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
θ-momentum:
𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 2 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟
𝜌𝜌 � + 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 + + 𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 + � = 𝜌𝜌𝑔𝑔𝜃𝜃 − + 𝜇𝜇 � � (𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 )� + 2 + + 2 �
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜃𝜃 2 𝜕𝜕𝑧𝑧 2 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
z-momentum:
𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 1 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧
𝜌𝜌 � + 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 + + 𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 � = 𝜌𝜌𝑔𝑔𝑧𝑧 − + 𝜇𝜇 � �𝑟𝑟 �+ 2 + �
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜃𝜃 2 𝜕𝜕𝑧𝑧 2
Name: ------------------ Quiz 8 Time: 20 minutes

ME:5160 Fall 2017

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Solution:
Format (+3)

Assumptions:
𝜕𝜕
1. Steady flow ( = 0)
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
2. Purely circumferential flow (vr=vz=0)
𝜕𝜕
3. 2D flow ( = 0)
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
4. circumferentially symmetric pressure ( = 0)
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
5. Negligible gravity

Continuity:

1 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕
(𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 ) + (𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 ) + (𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 ) = 0
𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
1 𝜕𝜕
0(2) + 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 (𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 ) + 0(2) = 0

𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃
= 0 (6) (+1)
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕

θ-momentum:

𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 2 𝜕𝜕𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟
𝜌𝜌 � + 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 + + 𝑣𝑣𝑧𝑧 + � = 𝜌𝜌𝑔𝑔𝜃𝜃 − + 𝜇𝜇 � � (𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 )� + 2 + + 2 �
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜃𝜃 2 𝜕𝜕𝑧𝑧 2 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕

𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕
𝜌𝜌(0(1) + 0(2) + 0(6) + 0(2,3) + 0(2)) = 0(5) − 0(4) + 𝜇𝜇 � � (𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 )� + 0(6) + 0(3) + 0(2)�
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕

𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕
� (𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 )� = 0 (+3)
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
Integrate:
1 𝜕𝜕
(𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 ) = 𝐶𝐶1
𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕

𝜕𝜕
(𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 ) = 𝐶𝐶1 𝑟𝑟
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
Integrate again:
𝑟𝑟 2
𝑟𝑟𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 = 𝐶𝐶1 + 𝐶𝐶2
2
𝑟𝑟 𝐶𝐶2 (+1)
𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 = 𝐶𝐶1 +
2 𝑟𝑟
Name: ------------------ Quiz 8 Time: 20 minutes

ME:5160 Fall 2017

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B.C.:

1) At r = R1, vθ = 0

2) At r = R2, vθ = R2ω

Replace:
𝑅𝑅1 𝐶𝐶2
0 = 𝐶𝐶1 +
2 𝑅𝑅1
𝑅𝑅2 𝐶𝐶2
𝑅𝑅2 𝜔𝜔 = 𝐶𝐶1 +
2 𝑅𝑅2
And find:
2𝜔𝜔
𝐶𝐶1 = (+1)
𝑅𝑅1 2
1−�
𝑅𝑅2 �

−𝜔𝜔𝑅𝑅1 2
𝐶𝐶2 = (+1)
𝑅𝑅 2
1 − �𝑅𝑅1 �
2
Substitute into the expression for 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 :

𝜔𝜔𝑅𝑅1 𝑟𝑟 𝑅𝑅1
𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 = � − �
𝑅𝑅1 2 𝑅𝑅1 𝑟𝑟
1 − �𝑅𝑅 �
2