UNIVERSITY OF WAH

WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Electrical Engineering Department
Assignment # 01
Course Title: Renewable Energy Systems Course Code: EE-421
Semester & Section: 8th (A) Course Teacher: Ijaz Husnain
Total Marks: 10 Submission Date: Feb 22, 2018
Student Name: Reg. No.____________________

Q. No. 1. Marks CLO 1, PLO 1

Q1. What is energy scenario in the World? And discuss the role of renewable energy in
sustainable future of energy. Compare per capita energy (electricity) consumption of
Pakistan with maximum, minimum (consumption) countries, India and three other
countries of your choice.
Note: Use latest data for energy consumption case.

What is energy scenario in the World?

World energy consumption is the total energy used by the unshortened human civilization. Typically
measured per year, it involves all energy harnessed from every energy source unromantic towards
humanity's endeavours wideness every single industrial and technological sector, wideness every
country. It does not include energy from food, and the extent to which uncontrived biomass urgent
has been rumored for is poorly documented. Being the power source metric of civilization, World
Energy Consumption has deep implications for humanity's socio-economic-political sphere.

Institutions such as the International Energy Agency (IEA), the U.S. Energy Information
Administration (EIA), and the European Environment Agency record and publish energy data
periodically. Improved data and understanding of World Energy Consumption may reveal systemic
trends and patterns, which could help frame current energy issues and encourage movement
towards collectively useful solutions.

Closely related to energy consumption is the concept of total primary energy supply (TPES), which -
on a global level - is the sum of energy production minus storage changes. Since changes of energy
storage over the year are minor, TPES values can be used as an estimator for energy consumption.
However, TPES ignores conversion efficiency, overstating forms of energy with poor conversion
efficiency (e.g. coal, gas and nuclear) and understating forms already accounted for in converted
forms (e.g. photovoltaic or hydroelectricity). The IEA estimates that, in 2013, total primary energy
supply (TPES) was 1.575 × 1017 Wh (= 157.5 PWh, 5.67 × 1020 joules, or 13,541 Mtoe, or about 18
TW on average). From 2000–2012 coal was the source of energy with the largest growth. The use of
oil and natural gas also had considerable growth, followed by hydropower and renewable energy.
Renewable energy grew at a rate faster than any other time in history during this period. The demand
for nuclear energy decreased, in part due to nuclear disasters (e.g. Three Mile Island 1979, Chernobyl
1986, and Fukushima 2011).

In 2011, expenditures on energy totaled over 6 trillion USD, or about 10% of the world gross domestic
product (GDP). Europe spends close to one-quarter of the world's energy expenditures, North
America close to 20%, and Japan 6%.

The world's energy consumption (2015 data)

2. Discuss the role of renewable energy in sustainable future of energy?

Sustainable minutiae is a tideway to minutiae that takes the finite resources of the Earth into
consideration and hereby respects the planetary boundaries. This week in New York, governments
gather at the UN General Assembly to present 17 goals which should guide the right pathway to
sustainable development. The so-called Sustainable Minutiae Goals (SGD) have been ripened in a
three-year process by national governments towers on the expertise of international organizations
and starchy society groups.

One of these goals – SDG Seven – urges policy makers to ensure wangle to affordable, reliable,
sustainable, and modern energy for all. Governments intent to unzip this by 2030 by increasing
substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix as well as double the global
rate of resurgence in energy efficiency. While this is the only goal that explicitly addresses the
energy sector and mentions renewable energy as a midpoint to unzip it, I in fact oppose that
generating energy from sun, wind, tides and fast water streams is moreover crucial to unzip the
other SDGs. This is particularly the specimen for sustainable industrialization, fostering innovation
(SDG Nine), reduction of inequalities (SDG 10), ending poverty (SDG One), and sustainable
economic growth (SDG Eight). However, this is only the case, if we are going vastitude replacing
fossil resources in today’s energy system with renewable sources and fueling the same system with
variegated resources. Renewable energy technologies have the potential to spur sustainable
minutiae if implementation follows the principles of revenue sharing, diversity, equality and
decentralization.
Generally, the sustainability of renewable energy technology is specified by their reliance upon
infinitely misogynist resources that are naturally occurring, unvarying and self-ruling to access.
These factors midpoint that these resources will be indefinitely wieldy by humans, which makes
them sustainable resources.

The fight versus climate transpiration and the rencontre of creating wealth without greenhouse gas
emissions has been one of the major drivers for renewable energies minutiae worldwide. Most of
the known fossil resource reserves cannot be venal if the global temperature rise is to be kept
under the 2C safety limit well-set by the world’s nations. Alternative energy sources are therefore
urgently needed. As renewable energy technologies are market-ready and in most places
economically competitive with conventional energy sources, governments wideness the world have
initiated far-reaching structural changes in the energy market, scaling up the deployment of
renewable energy.

However, sustainable minutiae does not only refer to environmental issues. In fact, it must be
based on an economy which does not destroy our ecosystem much faster than it can regenerate,
and should moreover be an instrument to wealth redistribution and megados of social well-being.
Environment, economy and society are the three spheres of sustainable minutiae since the UN
Earth Summit on Sustainable Minutiae in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.

And in fact, when analyzing the intentions that momentum cities, regions and nations to embark on
the journey towards 100% Renewable Energy, economic and social benefits are the main drivers.
Governments, expressly islands, cities and regions increasingly scale up renewable energy to
harvest opportunities of local minutiae and socio-economic value creation. Governments are
investing in renewables to help reduce their reliance on fossil fuel imports and to uplift its energy
independence. High financing for energy imports, subsidies and the risk of price volatility often
hinder sustainable development. Instead of paying energy bills to external providers, decentralized
renewable energy allows the money to stay in the local economy and create local demand for jobs.
Further, in many cases the tax revenues from renewable energy projects can help support vital
public services, expressly in rural communities where projects are often located.

In countries with an unreliable and unequal energy infrastructure, renewable energy increasingly
help to provide stable energy to rural areas, expressly where communities are off grid and may be
increasingly dependent on solid fuels for energy. Since scrutinizing 3 billion people suffer from
both, erratic or no wangle to electricity and reliance on inefficient and polluting solid biomass fuels
for cooking, 100% reliable, affordable and efficiently used renewables are the preferred options for
a increasingly decent livelihood of the deprived. Wangle to sustainable, affordable and reliable
energy is a pre-condition for poverty eradication and sustainable development.

While specimen studies from virtually the world prove this right, there are many examples that
condone the element of wealth redistribution and megados of social well-being in renewable
energy investments. A sustainable tideway to reach 100% RE is therefore increasingly than
replacing fossil resources in today’s energy system with renewable sources and fueling the same
system with variegated resources. Instead, in sustainable 100% RE societies and economies ensure
reliable, secure, and affordable wangle to renewable energy for all. In that sense, the 100% RE
tideway can serve as a ways to socioeconomic minutiae and help create an equitable society.

3.Compare per capita energy (electricity) consumption of Pakistan with

maximum, minimum (consumption) countries, India and three other countries of
your choice.
Electricity consumption per capita of Pakistan:
Country vs country: Bangladesh and Pakistan
compared: Energy stats
Country vs country: India and Pakistan compared:
Energy stats