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1.- INTRODUCION
2. METRADO DE CARGAS
VISTA EN 2D
3.40 m
VISTA EN 3D ÁREA
m TRIBUTARIA
S1
2
𝐋𝐃 ≔ 𝟕. 𝟖 [𝒎]
PP ≔ 2.25 + 1.125 ∗ LD
PP ≔ 2.25 + 1.125 ∗ 7.8
𝒌𝒈
𝐏𝐏 ≔ 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 ቈ 𝟐
𝒎
𝐤𝐠
𝐏𝐂𝐅 ∶= 𝟔𝟎. 𝟓 [ 𝟐 ]
𝐦
𝐏𝐓 ∶= 𝐏𝐏 + 𝐏𝐂𝐅
𝐤𝐠
𝐏𝐓 ∶= 𝟕𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 [ 𝟐 ]
𝐦
𝐏𝐓 ∗ 𝐀 ∗ 𝐁
𝐏𝐔 ∶= ൣ𝐊𝐠൧
𝟐
𝟕𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟎 ∗ 𝟐. 𝟔𝟎
𝐏𝐔 ∶=
𝟐
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟐𝟕𝟖. 𝟗𝟓 ൣ𝐊𝐠൧
3
RESUMEN DE CARGAS
𝐤𝐠
𝐏𝐓 ∶= 𝟕. 𝟎 [ 𝟐 ]
𝐦
𝐤𝐠
𝐏𝐂 ∶= 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖 [ 𝟐 ]
𝐦
𝐏𝐓 ∶= 𝐏𝐓 + 𝐏𝐂
𝐏𝐓 ∶= 𝟕. 𝟎 + 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖
𝐤𝐠
𝐏𝐓 ∶= 𝟐𝟓. 𝟖𝟎 [ 𝟐 ]
𝐦
4
𝐏𝐓 ∗ 𝐀 ∗ 𝐁
𝐏𝐔 ∶= ൣ𝐊𝐠൧
𝟐
𝟐𝟓. 𝟖𝟎 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟎 ∗ 𝟐. 𝟔𝟎
𝐏𝐔 ∶=
𝟐
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟐 ൣ𝐊𝐠൧
1 4
2 3
6
2.2 CARGA VIVA
CARGA VIVA DE MANTENIMIENTO (𝐏𝐌 )
𝐤𝐠
𝐏𝐌 ∶= 𝟖𝟗. 𝟑𝟖 [ ]
𝐦𝟐
𝐏𝐌 ∗ 𝐀 ∗ 𝐁
𝐏𝐔 ∶= ൣ𝐊𝐠൧
𝟐
𝟖𝟗. 𝟑𝟖 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟎 ∗ 𝟐. 𝟔𝟎
𝐏𝐔 ∶=
𝟐
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟑𝟒𝟖. 𝟓𝟖 ൣ𝐊𝐠൧
7
RESUMEN DE CARGA VIVA:
1 2 3 4
8
2.3 SOBRE CARGA DE GRANIZO (𝐏𝐂𝐅)
𝐤𝐠
𝐏𝐆 ∶= 𝟏𝟏𝟎 [ 𝟐 ]
𝐦
𝐏𝐆 ∗ 𝐀 ∗ 𝐁
𝐏𝐔 ∶= ൣ𝐊𝐠൧
𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝟎 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟎 ∗ 𝟐. 𝟔𝟎
𝐏𝐔 ∶=
𝟐
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟒𝟐𝟗. 𝟎 ൣ𝐊𝐠൧
9
2 3
1 4
10
𝐤𝐠
𝐏𝐕 ∶= 𝟗𝟏 [ ]
𝐦𝟐
𝐏𝐕 ∗ 𝐀 ∗ 𝐁
𝐏𝐔 ∶= ൣ𝐊𝐠൧
𝟐
𝟗𝟏 ∗ 𝟑. 𝟎 ∗ 𝟐. 𝟖𝟒
𝐏𝐔 ∶=
𝟐
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟑𝟖𝟕. 𝟔𝟔 ൣ𝐊𝐠൧
11
BARLOVENTO:
2 3
1 4
12
3. CALCULO ESTRUCTURAL
El cálculo estructura del presente proyecto se hizo en el software sap2000 v16; se obtuvo las
fuerzas axiales de cada barra como se muestra en las tablas de resumen
COMBINACIONES A UTILIZAR
Según Código “LRFD”
COMBO1 := 1.4 CM
COMBO2 := 1.2 CM + 1.6 CV
COMBO3 := 1.2 CM + 1.3 W + 0.5 CV + 0.5 R
COMBO4 := 1.2 CM + 0.8 W + 1.6 CV
Donde :
CM : Carga Muerta
CV : Carga Viva
W : Carga de Viento
R : Carga de Granizo
EL COMBO 3 ES LA MAS CARGADA
13
7
5
8
4
9
10
11
1 2 3
VIGA SECUNDARIA
PENDOLOS O POSTES
DIAGONALES
DISEÑO DE PERFILES
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝐅𝐘 ∗ 𝐀𝐠 "𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒂 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒓"
𝐏𝐔
𝐀𝐠 ∶=
𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝐅𝐘
𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟑
𝐀𝐠 ∶=
𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝟑𝟔
𝐀𝐠 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕 [𝒊𝒏𝟐 ]
𝐀𝐠 ∶= 𝟐. 𝟑𝟗 [𝒄𝒎𝟐 ]
18
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝐅𝐔 ∗ 𝐀𝐞 "𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒂 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒓
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝐅𝐔 ∗ 𝐔 ∗ 𝐀𝐠
𝐏𝐔
𝐀𝐠 ∶=
𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝐅𝐔 ∗ 𝐔
𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟑
𝐀𝐠 ∶=
𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝟓𝟖 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
𝐀𝐠 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕 [𝐢𝐧𝟐 ]
𝐀𝐠 ∶= 𝟐. 𝟑𝟗 [𝐜𝐦𝟐 ]
19
𝟐
𝐅𝐜𝐫 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖𝝀𝒄 ∗ 𝑭𝒚 "𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒂 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒓"
𝟐
𝐅𝐜𝐫 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖𝟏.𝟑 ∗ 𝟑𝟔
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝑭𝒄𝒓
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟕. 𝟕𝟓
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟗 [𝒌𝒔𝒊]
𝑷𝒏 ≔ 𝑭𝒆 ∗ 𝑨𝒕
𝑷𝒏
𝑨𝑻 ≔
𝑭𝒆
𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟑
𝑨𝑻 ≔
𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟗
𝑨𝑻 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟖 [𝒊𝒏𝟐 ]
𝑨𝑻 ≔ 𝟓. 𝟏𝟔 [𝒄𝒎𝟐 ]
20
5.16
𝐴𝑔 ∶=
2
Ag := 3.10 [cm2]
Ag := 0.48 [in2]
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝐅𝐘 ∗ 𝐀𝐠 "𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐚 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐫"
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝟑𝟔 ∗ ሺ𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖ሻ
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝐅𝐔 ∗ 𝐔 ∗ 𝐀𝐠 "𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐚 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐫"
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝟓𝟖 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ ሺ𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖ሻ
253 [mm]
60 [mm]
AT := 2 x 3.10
AT := 6.20 [cm2]
AT := 0.96 [in2]
𝐗 𝐛𝐚𝐫 ∶= 𝟎 [𝒄𝒎]
𝐗 𝐛𝐚𝐫 ∶= 𝟎 [𝒄𝒎]
23
𝐗 𝐜𝐠 ≔ 𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝟗 − 𝟎
𝐗 𝐜𝐠 ≔ 𝟐. 𝟔𝟕 [𝒄𝒎]
𝐈𝐘 ∶= 𝟒𝟕. 𝟏𝟏 𝒄𝒎𝟒
𝐈𝐘
𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∶= √ “𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐚 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐫“
𝐀𝐓
𝟒𝟕. 𝟏𝟏
𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∶= √
𝟔. 𝟐𝟎
𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∶= 𝟐. 𝟕𝟔 [𝒄𝒎]
𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∶= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 [𝒊𝒏]
24
𝐊∗𝐋 𝐅𝐘
𝛌𝐜𝐫 ∶= ∗√ "𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐚 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐫"
𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∗ 𝛑 𝐄
𝟏 ∗ 𝟖. 𝟓𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟐 𝟑𝟔
𝝀𝒄𝒓 ∶= ∗√
𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 ∗ 𝝅 𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟐
𝐅𝐜𝐫 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖𝝀𝒄 ∗ 𝑭𝒚 "𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒂 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒓"
𝟐
𝐅𝐜𝐫 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖𝟏.𝟎𝟓 ∗ 𝟑𝟔
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝑭𝒄𝒓
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟐𝟐. 𝟔𝟗
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟗 [𝒌𝒔𝒊]
𝑷𝒏 ≔ 𝑭𝒆 ∗ 𝑨𝒕
𝑷𝒏 ≔ 𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟗 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔
Datos de partida:
Acero A-36
Fy := 36 [ksi]
Fu := 58 [ksi]
Pu := 13.42 [klb] “EN COMPRESION”
L := 9.32 [ft]
Soldadura:
Electrodos Fexx := 60 [ksi] (E6015-SAP Acero liso)
𝟐
𝐅𝐜𝐫 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖𝝀𝒄 ∗ 𝑭𝒚 "𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒂 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒓"
𝟐
𝐅𝐜𝐫 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖𝟏.𝟑 ∗ 𝟑𝟔
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝑭𝒄𝒓
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟏𝟕. 𝟕𝟓
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟗 [𝒌𝒔𝒊]
𝑷𝒏 ≔ 𝑭𝒆 ∗ 𝑨𝒕
27
𝑷𝒏
𝑨𝑻 ≔
𝑭𝒆
𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟐
𝑨𝑻 ≔
𝟏𝟓. 𝟎𝟗
𝑨𝑻 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗 [𝒊𝒏𝟐 ]
𝑨𝑻 ≔ 𝟓. 𝟕𝟒 [𝒄𝒎𝟐 ]
5.74
𝐴𝑔 ∶=
2
AT := 2 x 3.10
AT := 6.20 [cm2]
AT := 0.96 [in2]
𝐗 𝐛𝐚𝐫 ∶= 𝟎 [𝒄𝒎]
𝐗 𝐛𝐚𝐫 ∶= 𝟎 [𝒄𝒎]
30
INERCIA Y RADIO MÍNIMO DE SECCIÓN COMPUESTA:
𝐗 𝐜𝐠 ≔ 𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝟗 − 𝟎
𝐗 𝐜𝐠 ≔ 𝟐. 𝟔𝟕 [𝒄𝒎]
𝐈𝐘 ∶= 𝟒𝟕. 𝟏𝟏 𝒄𝒎𝟒
𝐈𝐘
𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∶= √ “𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐚 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐫“
𝐀𝐓
𝟒𝟕. 𝟏𝟏
𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∶= √
𝟔. 𝟐𝟎
𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∶= 𝟐. 𝟕𝟔 [𝒄𝒎]
𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∶= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 [𝒊𝒏]
31
𝐊∗𝐋 𝐅𝐘
𝛌𝐜𝐫 ∶= ∗√ "𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐚 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐫"
𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧 ∗ 𝛑 𝐄
𝟏 ∗ 𝟗. 𝟑𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟐 𝟑𝟔
𝝀𝒄𝒓 ∶= ∗√
𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 ∗ 𝝅 𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟐
𝐅𝐜𝐫 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖𝛌𝐜 ∗ 𝐅𝐲 "𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐚 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐫"
𝟐
𝐅𝐜𝐫 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟖𝟏.𝟏𝟓 ∗ 𝟑𝟔
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝑭𝒄𝒓
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 ∗ 𝟐𝟎. 𝟕𝟎
𝑭𝒆 ≔ 𝟏𝟕. 𝟔𝟎 [𝒌𝒔𝒊]
𝑷𝒏 ≔ 𝑭𝒆 ∗ 𝑨𝒕
𝑷𝒏 ≔ 𝟏𝟕. 𝟔𝟎 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔
Ag := 3.10 [cm2]
Ag := 0.48 [in2]
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝐅𝐘 ∗ 𝐀𝐠 "𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐚 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐫"
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝟑𝟔 ∗ ሺ𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖ሻ
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝐅𝐔 ∗ 𝐔 ∗ 𝐀𝐠 "𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 𝐚 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐫"
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝟓𝟖 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ ሺ𝟐 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖ሻ
RESISTENCIA DE LA SOLDADURA
DONDE:
Rn = Resistencia de la soldadura
Fnw = Tensión Nominal del Metal de Soldadura. Obtenido de la tabla J2.5
del reglamento AISC 360-10.
Awe = Área efectiva de soldadura
36
CÁLCULO DE LA GARGANTA EFECTIVA:
𝟏
𝐠 𝐞 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕 ∗
𝟖
𝐠 𝐞 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟖 [𝐢𝐧]
𝑭𝒏𝒘 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎 ∗ 𝟔𝟎 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟖 ∗ 𝟏
𝒌𝒍𝒃
𝑭𝒏𝒘 ∶= 𝟐. 𝟑𝟕𝟔 [ ]
𝒊𝒏
𝒌𝒈
𝑭𝒏𝒘 ∶= 𝟒𝟐𝟒. 𝟑𝟏 [ ]
𝒄𝒎
37
𝐏𝐧 ≔ 𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟐 [𝐤𝐥𝐛]
𝒌𝒍𝒃
𝑭𝒏𝒘 ∶= 𝟐. 𝟑𝟕𝟔 [ ]
𝒊𝒏
𝑷𝒏
𝐀𝐧𝐰 ∶=
𝑭𝒏𝒘
𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟐
𝐀𝐧𝐰 ∶=
𝟐. 𝟑𝟕𝟔
𝐀𝐧𝐰 ∶= 𝟓. 𝟔𝟓 [𝒊𝒏]
𝐀𝐧𝐰 ∶= 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟓 [𝒄𝒎] "𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐚"
13.42[klb]
38
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝐅𝐘 ∗ 𝐀𝐠 "𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒂 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒓"
𝐀𝐠 ∶= 𝑨𝑨𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒐 ∗ 𝒆𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒓
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝐅𝐘 ∗ ሺ𝐀 ∗ 𝐞ሻ
𝑷𝑼
𝒆𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒓 ≔
𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝑭𝒀 ∗ 𝑨
13.42 [klb]
𝑨 ∶= 𝟐𝟎 [𝒄𝒎]
𝑨 ∶= 𝟕. 𝟖𝟕 [𝒊𝒏]
𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟐
𝒆𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒓 ≔ = 𝟎. 𝟏 [𝒊𝒏]
𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝟑𝟔 ∗ 𝟕. 𝟖𝟕
𝟑
𝒆𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒓 ≔ [𝒊𝒏] "𝑨𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆"
𝟏𝟔
39
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝐅𝐔 ∗ 𝐔 ∗ 𝐀𝐠 "𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒂 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒓"
𝐀𝐠 ∶= 𝑨𝑨𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒐 ∗ 𝒆𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒓
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝐅𝐔 ∗ 𝐔 ∗ ሺ𝐀 ∗ 𝐞ሻ
𝑷𝑼
𝒆𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒓 ≔
𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝐅𝐔 ∗ 𝐔 ∗ 𝐀
20.29 [klb]
𝑨 ∶= 𝟐𝟎 [𝒄𝒎]
𝑨 ∶= 𝟕. 𝟖𝟕 [𝒊𝒏]
𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 " 𝐏𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝 𝐞𝐧 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐚"
𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟐
𝒆𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒓 ≔ = 𝟎. 𝟏 [𝒊𝒏]
𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝟓𝟖 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝟕. 𝟖𝟕
𝟑
𝒆𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒓 ≔ [𝒊𝒏] "𝑨𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆"
𝟏𝟔
40
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝐅𝐘 ∗ 𝐀𝐠 "𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒂 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒓"
𝟑
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ∗ 𝟑𝟔 ∗ ሺ ∗ 𝟕. 𝟖𝟕ሻ
𝟏𝟔
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ∗ 𝐅𝐔 ∗ 𝐔 ∗ 𝐀𝐠 "𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒂 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒓"
𝟑
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 [𝟎. 𝟔 ∗ 𝟑𝟔 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝟕. 𝟖𝟕 ∗ ) + 𝟓𝟖 ∗ ሺ𝟎ሻ]
𝟏𝟔
𝟑
𝐏𝐔 ∶= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 [𝟎. 𝟔 ∗ 𝟓𝟖 ∗ (𝟐 ∗ 𝟕. 𝟖𝟕 ∗ ) + 𝟑𝟔 ∗ ሺ𝟎ሻ]
𝟏𝟔