Pak International Nursing College (a) HUMAN has.

(b) BACTERIA has.

Hayatabad Peshawar
(c) VIRUS has.
Paper: Microbiology Mcqs: 70 (d) FUNGUS has.
(e) PROTOZOA has.
(1) BACTERIA are: ANS: HUMAN has.
(a) EUKARYOTE.
(b) PROKARYOTE. (7) NORMAL FLORA at their ANATOMIC
(c) HELMINTHES. SITES are:
(d) PROTOZOA. (a) INFECTIOUS.
(e) FUNGI. (b) CONTAMINATED.
ANS: (b) PROKARYOTE. (c) NONINFECTIOUS.
(2) GRAM POSITIVE Bacteria have a CELL (d) PROLIFERATING.
WALL made up of: (e) REPLICATING.
(a) PROTEINS. ANS: (c) NONINFECTIOUS.
(b) CHITIN. (8) NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS are:
(c) THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN. (a) COMMUNITY ACQUIRED.
(d) STEROLS. (b) HOME ACQUIRED.
(e) THIN PEPTIDOGLYCAN. (c) BATHROOM ACQUIRED.
ANS: (c) THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN. (d) SCHOOL ACQUIRED.
(e) HOSPITAL ACQUIRED.
(3) GRAM NEGATIVE Bacteria after GRAM (9) QUINOLONES are:
STAINING: (a) NARROW SPECTRUM
(a) PINK. ANTIBIOTICS.
(b) RED. (b) MEDIUM SPECTRUM
(c) GREEN. ANTIBIOTICS.
(d) ORANGE. (c) WIDE SPECTRUM
(e) BLUE PURPLE. ANTIBIOTICS.
ANS: (b) RED. (d) BROAD SPECTRUM
(4) PERIPLASMIC SPACE contains: ANTIBIOTICS.
(a) TRANSPEPTIDASES. (e) SHORT SPECTRUM
(b) B-LACTAMASES. ANTIBIOTICS.
(c) LYSOZYME. ANS: (d) BROAD SPECTRUM
(d) LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE. ANTIBIOTICS
(e) CHITIN.
ANS: (b) B-LACTAMASES.
(5) OUTER MEMBRANE of GRAM (10) VANCOMYCIN is:
NEGATIVE Bacteria contain: (a) NARROW SPECTRUM
(a) LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE. ANTIBIOTICS.
(b) PEPTIDOGLYCAN. (b) LONG SPECTRUM
(c) CYTOPLASM. ANTIBIOTICS.
(d) CELL MEMBRANE. (c) WIDE SPECTRUM
(e) TEICHOIC ACID. ANTIBIOTICS.
ANS: (a) (d) BROAD SPECTRUM
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE. ANTIBIOTICS.
(6) NORMAL FLORA are the Microorganisms (e) BIG SPECTRUM
that every: ANTIBIOTICS.
 ANS: (a) NARROW (b) RECTANGLE Shaped.
SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS. (c) ROD Shaped.
(11) BACTERIA have: (d) ROUND Shaped.
(a) 80S RIBOSOMES. (e) SPIRAL Shaped.
(b) 30S RIBOSOMES. ANS: (c) ROD Shaped.
(c) 70S RIBOSOMES. (17) SPIROCHETES are:
(d) 40S RIBOSOMES. (a) TRIANGLE Shaped.
(e) 20S RIBOSOMES. (b) SQUARE Shaped.
ANS:(c) 70S RIBOSOMES. (c) ROUND Shaped.
(12) Bacteria are MOTILE because of: (d) ROD Shaped.
(a) FLAGELLA. (e) SPIRAL Shaped.
(b) CELL WALL. ANS: (e) SPIRAL Shaped.
(c) CELL MEMBRANE. (18) COLONIZATION refers to:
(d) CYTOPLASM. (a) ACQUISITION of a NEW
(e) CAPSULE. Bacteria.
ANS:(a) FLAGELLA. (b) ACQUISITION of a NORMAL
FLORA.
(c) ACQUISITION of a CARRIER
(13) THIN PEPTIDOGLYCAN is present in: STATE.
(a) VIRUSES. (d) ACQUISITION of a WORM.
(b) FUNGI. (e) ACQUISITION of a VIRUS.
(c) GRAM NEGATIVE ANS: (a) ACQUISITION of a
BACTERIA. NEW Bacteria.
(d) HELMINTHES.
(e) PROTOZOA.
ANS: (c) GRAM NEGATIVE
BACTERIA. (19) STAPHYLOCOCCUS.EPIDERMIDIS is
(14) SPORES are formed by: Normal Flora of:
(a) VIRUSES. (a) GASTROINTESTINAL
(b) WORMS. TRACT.
(c) PROTOZOA. (b) RESPIRATORY TRACT.
(d) BACTERIA. (c) SKIN.
(e) FUNGI. (d) URETHRA.
ANS: (d) BACTERIA. (e) GENITAL TRACT.
(15) COCCI are: ANS: SKIN.
(a) ROD Shaped. (20) BACTERICIDAL Drugs:
(b) ROUND Shaped. (a) INHIBIT Bacteria.
(c) SPIRAL Shaped. (b) KILL Bacteria.
(d) TRIANGLE Shaped. (c) OPSONIZE Bacteria.
(e) SQUARE Shaped. (d) PHAGOCYTOSE Bacteria.
ANS: (b) ROUND Shaped. (e) RELEASE Bacteria.
ANS: (b) KILL Bacteria.
(21) BACTERIOSTATIC Drugs:
(a) INHIBIT GROWTH of Bacteria.
(b) EXHIBIT GROWTH of
(16) BACILLI are: Bacteria.
(a) SQUARE Shaped. (c) KILL Bacteria.
 (d) RELEASE Bacteria. d) IgM
(e) OPSONIZE Bacteria. e) IgD
ANS: (a) INHIBIT GROWTH of Key is c
Bacteria.
2. Regarding IgG, all of the following are correct
(22) CEPHALOSPORINS are:
Except:
(a) BIG SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS. a) Main antibody in secondary response
b) Opsonizes bacteria
(b) BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS.
c) Fixes complement
(c) NARROW SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS. d) Neutralizes bacterial toxins and viruses
e) Cannot cross the placenta
(d) LONG SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS.
Key is e
(e) SHORT SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS.
3. Which of the following is the site of T-cell
ANS: (b) BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS. maturation?
(23) TYPHOID Fever is caused by: a) Bone marrow
b) Thymus
(a) FECO-ORAL ROUTE. c) Spleen
(b) SOIL. d) Appendix
e) Lymph node
(c) SPORES.
Key is b
(d) VECTOR.
4. The process of coating of bacteria by opsonins
(e) RESERVOIR.
is called as:
ANS: (a) FECO-ORAL ROUTE. a) Opsonization
b) Diapedesis
(24) TYPHOID FEVER is also called:
c) Chemotaxis
(a) PONTIAC FEVER. d) Inflammation
(b) RELAPSING FEVER. e) Transmigration
Key is a
(c) ENTERIC FEVER.
(d) SEPTIC FEVER. 5. Regarding prokaryotic cell, which one of the
following statements is correct?
(e) BLACK FEVER. a) Cell wall is absent
ANS: (c) ENTERIC FEVER. b) Multiple organelles including ribosomes are
present
NURSING 1st SEMESTER: MICROBIOLOGY c) Has cell wall containing peptidoglycan
MCQs d) Nuclear membrane surrounds linear genetic
1. The antibody which mediates immediate material (DNA)
hypersensitivity upon exposure to an antigen e) Ribosomes are larger (80S)
(allergen) is: Key is c
a) IgG
b) IgA
c) IgE
6. Which one of the following micro-organisms e) Acidity of gastric juice
is cellular? Key is d
a) Bacteria
b) Fungi 11. The highly mobile cells that are the first to
c) Virus arrive at the site of an infection are:
d) Protozoa a) Europhiles
e) Helminthes b) Monocots
Key is c c) Macrophages
d) Basophiles
7. The phase of bacterial growth during which e) Lymphocytes
there is vigorous metabolic activity but no cell Key is a
division is:
12. Which defense mechanism is considered a
a) Lag
specific category of immunity?
b) Log
a) epithelial membranes that cover the body
c) Stationary
surfaces
d) Death
b) strong acidity of gastric juice (pH = 1-2)
e) None of the above
c) phagocytosis of unwanted substances
Key is a
d) activity of lymphocyte populations
e) Inflammatory response
8. The bacteria which need oxygen to stay alive
Key is d
are called as:
a) Facultative anaerobes 13. Local inflammation is characterized by all of
b) Obligate anaerobes the following except:
c) Obligate aerobes a) redness
d) Aero tolerant anaerobes b) shortness of breath
e) None of the above c) swelling (edema)
Key is c d) heat
e) pain
9. Antigen-class I MHC complex causes
Key is b
activation of which one of the following cells:
a) Cytotoxic T cells 14. Precursors of macrophages are called:
b) Helper T cells a) T cells
c) B cells b) killer cells
d) Macrophages c) B cells
e) Dendritic cells d) plasma cells
Key is a e) coenocytes
Key is e
10. Third-line defense mechanisms in humans
include: 15. The process by which neutrophils and
a) Inflammation macrophages are attracted to the site of
b) Action of phagocytes infection/injury by chemokines is:
c) Skin & mucous membranes a) Opsonization
d) Lymphocytes and antibodies directed against b) Diapedesis
specific antigens c) Chemotaxis
 d) Inflammation b) IgA
e) Transmigration c) IgE
Key is c d) IgM
e) IgD
16. First-line defense mechanisms in humans Key is d
include:
a) Inflammation 21. The phase of bacterial growth during which
b) Action of phagocytes rapid cell division occurs is:
c) Skin & mucous membranes a) Lag
d) Antibodies directed against specific antigens b) Log
e) Lymphocytes c) Stationary
Key is c d) Death
e) None of the above
17. All of the following are true regarding Innate Key is b
Immunity Except:
a) Also called as natural immunity 22. Regarding tetanospasmin, which one of the
b) It is non-specific following is correct?
c) It is effective immediately after exposure to a a) Blocks the action of acetylcholine
microbe b) Acts as superantigen
d) It improves after exposure and has memory c) Cytotoxin damages colon mucosa
e) None of the above d) Blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitter
Key is d e) None of the above
Key is d
18. The ratio of T to B lymphocytes in peripheral
blood is: 23. Which one of the following diseases is
a) 2 : 2 caused by clostridium perfringens?
b) 1 : 1 a) Pseudomembranous colitis
c) 3 : 1 b) Botulism
d) 1 : 3 c) Gas gangrene
e) 3 : 3 d) Tetanus
Key is e) Typhoid
Key is c
19. Antibodies are:
a) Gamma globulins 24. Regarding viruses one of the following is
b) Alpha globulins true
c) Beta globulins a) Facultative extracellular
d) Albumin b) Obligate intracellular
e) None of the above c) Undergo binary fission
Key is a d) Replicate outside of cell
e) Obligate extracellular
20. The antibody produced in primary response Key is b
to an antigen is:
25. Which one of the following is true for
a) IgG
viruses?
 a) Protein makes the genetic core a) Directed immune response
b) Nucleic acid core is capsid b) Low immune response
c) Envelope is made of carbohydrates c) Exaggerated or misdirected immune response
d) Nucleic acid makes the genetic core d) Absent immune response
e) Viruses are living stuctures e) Deficient immune response
Key is d Key is c
26. One is not true regarding ideal disinfectant?
31. Which one is not antibody mediated?
a) Speedy action
a) Type I
b) Unpleasant odour
b) Type IV
c) Cheap
c) Type II
d) Easy to penetrate
d) Type III
e) Easy to prepare
e) Immediate reactions
Key is b
Key is b
27. Which one is not physical sterilizing agent?
32. In which type of hypersensitivity reactions,
a) Incineration cytotoxic reactions are involved?
b) Radiation a) Type I
c) Metallic salts b) Type II
d) Hot air oven c) Type III
e) Filtration d) Type IV
Key is c e) Delayed reactions
Key is b
28. Which one is not influencing factor for
antiseptics and disinfectants? 33. Which one of the following is IgE mediated?

a) Time a) Type I
b) Temperature b) Type II
c) PH c) Type III
d) Concentration d) Type IV
e) Colour e) Immune complex reactions
Key is e Key is a

29. Aniline dyes destroy microorganism by 34. One of the following is not true regarding
means of physical agent of sterilization

a) Protein denaturation a) Radiation includes X rays only

b) Nucleic acid modification b) Radiation includes X rays and Ultra violet
c) Disruption of cell membrane light
d) Inhibition of metabolism c) They have high energy
e) Modification of proteins d) They have high penetrating power
Key is b e) They kill by damaging DNA
Key is a
30. Hypersensitivity is
 35. Which one of the following is Autoclave’s 39. One of the following is not true for
principle? Chlorhexidine
a) Boiling at 100 degree Centigrade a) It is used for hand disinfection
b) Temperature of 180 degree Centigrade b) It is used prior to surgery
c) Time is two hours c) It is used for surgical scrub
d) Pressure of 15lb/inch2, Temp of 1210 C & d) It is used for wound cleansing
time is 15-20 min e) It has six chlorine atoms and is neurotoxic
e) Time is 1 hour, Pressure is 25 lb/inch2 & Key is e
temp is 720 C
40. All are true for sterilization except
Key is d
a) It is killing of all microbial life
b) It is killing of bacterial spores
36. Which one of the following is true regarding
c) It is to reduce the number of bacteria
Pasteurization?
d) It is killing of pathogens
a) It is used for water sterilization e) It is killing of microorganisms
b) It is used to kill the vegetative cells of milk Key is e
borne pathogens
41. Which one is not true regarding Atopy
c) It is used to heat milk at 1000 C
d) It is used for 2 hours a) It’s a familial predisposition
e) It is followed by rapid heating b) There is raised IgG
Key is b c) There is raised IgE
d) There is increased production of IL-4
37. Which of the following is true if “N” is the
e) Enhanced presentation of environmental
no. of survivors?
antigens
a) Inversely proportional to Concentration alone Key is b
b) Inversely proportional to Time alone
42. All are examples of immediate
c) Inversely proportional to both concentration
hypersensitivities except
and time (CT)
d) Directly proportional to Speed a) Rhinitis
e) Directly proportional to Ultra violet light b) Asthma
Key is c c) Urticaria (hives)
d) Eczema (atopic dermatitis)
e) Contact dermatitis
38. Which one is true regarding 70% Ethanol?
Key is e
a) Clean burns
43. Which one of the following does not involve
b) Disinfect air
cytotoxic reactions?
c) Sterilize intravenous solution
d) Preserve vaccine a) Hemolytic disease of the newborn
e) Disinfect skin prior to venipuncture or b) ABO transfusion reactions
immunization c) Rh incompatibility
Key is e d) Rheumatoid Arthritis
e) Rheumatic fever
 Key is d
44. Which one is not immune complex reaction?
a) Arthus reaction
b) Serum sickness
c) Glomerulonephritis
d) Rheumatoid arthritis
e) Contact dermatitis
Key is e
45. All are true regarding delayed
hypersensitivity except
a) Function of T lymphocytes
b) Function of Antibody
c) CD8 T cells are involved
d) CD4 T cells play role
e) Macrophages are involved
Key is b
46. Which one is not delayed hypersensitivity?
a) Erythema Multiforme
b) Stevens Johnson syndrome
c) Toxic epidermal necrolysis
d) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
e) Tuberculosis
Key is d