ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION

METHOD
SIR MOHAMMAD ALI TOFIGH
TEL20304

BETE
BAIHAQI BIN BAHRIN
012016020357

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO TITLE PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION 2

2 METHOD 4

3 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION LINE 5

4 DISCUSSION 8

5 CONCLUSION 9

6 REFERENCES 10

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 INTRODUCTION

Electric power transmission is the process by which large amounts of electricity

produced at power plants, such as industrial-scale solar facilities, is transported over long

distances for eventual use by consumers. In North America, electricity is sent from power

plants to the North American transmission grid, a vast network of electric power lines and

associated facilities in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Due to the large amount of

power involved, and the properties of electricity, transmission normally takes place at high

voltage (69 kV or above). Electricity is usually shipped to a substation near a populated area.

At the substation, the high voltage electricity is converted to lower voltages suitable for

consumer use, and then shipped to end users through (relatively) low-voltage electric

distribution lines. For newly constructed solar energy power plants, if no existing suitable

transmission facilities were available, new transmission lines and associated facilities would

be required. The construction, operation, and decommissioning of high-voltage transmission

lines and associated facilities would create a range of environmental impacts. The type and

magnitude of the impacts associated with transmission line construction, operation, and

decommissioning would vary depending on line type and size, as well as the length of the

transmission line, and a variety of other site-specific factors.

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 METHOD

Electric power transmission is the process by which large amounts of electricity

produced at power plants, such as industrial-scale solar facilities, is transported over long

distances for eventual use by consumers. In North America, electricity is sent from power

plants to the North American transmission grid, a vast network of electric power lines and

associated facilities in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Due to the large amount of

power involved, and the properties of electricity, transmission normally takes place at high

voltage (69 kV or above). Electricity is usually shipped to a substation near a populated area.

At the substation, the high voltage electricity is converted to lower voltages suitable for

consumer use, and then shipped to end users through (relatively) low-voltage electric

distribution lines. For newly constructed solar energy power plants, if no existing suitable

transmission facilities were available, new transmission lines and associated facilities would

be required. The construction, operation, and decommissioning of high-voltage transmission

lines and associated facilities would create a range of environmental impacts. The type and

magnitude of the impacts associated with transmission line construction, operation, and

decommissioning would vary depending on line type and size, as well as the length of the

transmission line, and a variety of other site-specific factors.

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 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION LINE

• High-voltage (230-kV, 345-kV, 400-kV (DC), 500-kV (DC):

The high-voltage system is generally comprised of 230-kiloVolt and 345-kV systems. There

are also two direct current (DC) lines, one of 400-kV and one at 500-kV. Structures are

generally steel lattice towers, wooden H-Frames or single-pole steel.

• Lower voltage transmission systems:

161-kV and 115-kV systems are responsible for transmitting power from the larger

transmission system and generation facility throughout the entire state. Some large industrial

customers may be served directly from 161-kV and 115-kV systems. 161-kV and 115-kV

structures are generally single pole structures between 70 and 95 feet tall. 69-kV through 23-

kV systems transmit power to distribution substations. Many smaller and rural industrial

customers receive power directly from these systems. Structures are generally single pole

towers, constructed of either wood or steel and range from 50-70 feet tall.

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Two wire transmission line:

This transmission line consists of a pair of parallel conducting wires separated by a uniform

distance. These are used in power systems or telephones lines.

Co axial transmission line:

This consists of an inner and a coaxial outer conducting sheath separated by a dielectric

medium . They are used as TV cables, telephones cables and power cables.

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Parallel plate transmission nine:

It has two parallel conducting plates separated by a dielectric slab of uniform thickness.

Optical fibres transmission line:

It consists of core and cladding . Information passes through the core in the form of totally

internal reflected TEM waves.

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 DISCUSSION

1) Low transmission loss:

HVDC transmission has typically 30-50% less transmission loss.

2) More energy transmission:

Generally, given the same width of the cable run, 30-40% more energy transmission is

possible than with conventional overhead lines carrying alternating current.

3) Prevention of transmission of faults:

As a ‘firewall,’ HVDC can prevent the transmission of faults between connected AC grids –

and hence prevents from blackouts.

4) Cost-effectiveness:

For lengths of about 600 km or more, overhead lines using HVDC transmission technology

are more cost-effective.

5) Low energy loss:

Cable links longer than approximately 80 km are only possible with HVDC transmission.

That’s because for underground or submarine cables, hardly any electricity is delivered when

AC lines are 80 km or longer.

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 CONCLUSION

Thanks to the work of innovators like Nikola Tesla and Samuel Insull, we have

reliable and affordable electricity transmission today, but we must continue to work to make

sure electricity transmission remains so for future generations of Americans. That starts with

an appreciation of how far we have come and how fortunate we are to have access to the

electricity that powers our lives.

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 REFERENCES

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_line
2. https://www.electranet.com.au
3. https://www.energyvortex.com/energydictionary/high_voltage_transmission_lines.ht
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