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PREVENTIVE MEDICINE FIELDCRAFT
Training Support Package
1053-1
DISEASE AND NON-BATTLE INJURY (DNBI)
1053-2
CONDITIONS THAT MAKE Soldiers
VULNERABLE TO DISEASE
BREAKDOWN
HARSH ENVIRONMENT REDUCED DEFENSES IN SANITATION
1053-3
PERSONAL PROTECTION ITEMS
• Issued at reception battalion or at training unit
(TRADOC Reg 350-6)
• Protect yourself against infectious illnesses and
environmental injuries
• Develop personal hygiene habits that will protect you
against significant illnesses and injuries in a deployed
environment
Lip Balm
• Items:
9 Lip balm Foot Powder
9 Sunscreen
Sunscreen
9 Foot Powder Hand
Sanitizing
9 Hand sanitizing gel gel
9 Insect repellent
1053-4
PROTECT AGAINST INSECTS
1053-5
POISONOUS ANIMALS AND PLANTS
1053-6
PROTECT AGAINST DISEASES FROM
CONTAMINATED FOOD AND WATER
1053-7
PROTECT AGAINST DISEASES FROM
CONTAMINATED FOOD AND WATER
1053-8
PROTECT AGAINST DISEASES FROM
HUMAN WASTE
1053-14
PERSONAL HYGIENE ON THE MOVE
1053-16
MAINTAIN YOUR LEVEL OF NUTRITION
1053-17
TAKE MEASURES TO RESIST STRESS
1053-18
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS
• The enemy can find you!
• 20-25% decrease in night vision
• Watering eyes
• Runny nose
• Cough
• Loss of smell and taste
• Increase in heart rate (up to 30%)
• More easily fatigued
• Elevation in blood pressure (up to 15%)
• Decreased appetite
• Diarrhea, constipation, or both
• Reduced stamina
• Decreased ability to recover from illness
and injury
• Decrease in blood circulation to the brain
HIGH HUMID
ITY
K EXTRE
WOR MES O
REASED F AIR
CURR
INC ENT
IENT REST
C
SUFFI
SKIN PROTECTION
HYDRATION DISCIPLINE
1053-22
PROTECT AGAINST HEAT INJURY
- Drink at least
½ quart per hour FLUID REPLACEMENT AND WORK/REST GUIDE
Easy Work Moderate Work Hard Work
- Drink at least Heat Work/rest Water intake Work/rest Water intake Work/rest Water intake
5 quarts per day Category (minutes) (Quarts per hour) (minutes) (Quarts per hour) (minutes) (Quarts per hour)
1 No Limit 1/2 No Limit 3/4 40/20 3/4
- Drink no more than 2 No Limit 1/2 50/10 3/4 30/30 1
1 1/2 quart per hour 3 No Limit 3/4 40/20 3/4 30/30 1
4 No Limit 3/4 30/30 3/4 20/40 1
- Drink no more than 5 50/10 1 20/40 1 10/50 1
12 quarts per day
1053-23
PROTECT AGAINST HEAT INJURY
REST WHENEVER POSSIBLE
- Take rest breaks in the shade
as the tactical situation permits
- Use rest breaks to drink water
and to cool off
- Leaders will determine appropriate
work/rest cycles
1053-24
PROTECT AGAINST HEAT INJURY
EAT MEALS AND
DO NOT TAKE SUPPLEMENTS
1053-25
PROTECT AGAINST HEAT INJURY
PROTECT YOUR SKIN
1053-27
TREAT A CASUALTY FOR HEAT INJURY
HEAT EXHAUSTION
If untreated, heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke.
1053-29
PROTECT AGAINST COLD INJURY
CO
ND
UC TION
TIO A
N POR
A
EV
CO
NV
EC TION
TIO
N ADIA
R
1053-30
PROTECT AGAINST COLD INJURY
W IN G
D FLO NS
BLOO ORGA
RE L
PR MO O VITA
OD T
U
FRO CTIO
M C N OF
ALO HE
RIE AT
S
F L O WING
S B LOOD D TOES
L ES AN
FI N GERS
TO
1053-31
PROTECT AGAINST COLD INJURY
WEAR CLOTHING LOOSELY IN LAYERS
Mitten shells
and inserts
Sweater
Cold weather
trousers
Polypropylene
underwear (worn Pile cap
next to skin)
Items issued in Initial Entry Training, depending on location 1053-32
PROTECT AGAINST COLD INJURY
Exercise to increase blood circulation
• Tighten and relax your arm and leg muscles
• Tighten and relax your fingers and toes
• Use your hands to massage and warm the face
• Avoid smoking because smoking decreases
blood flow to the skin
Change socks
• Put on dry socks during rest breaks
• Keep socks clean and dry.
• Place damp socks inside your shirt so
they will dry out
1053-33
PROTECT AGAINST COLD INJURY
Prevent dehydration
• Drink fluids such as potable water, juices,
and warm, nonalcoholic beverages
• Drinking enough fluids in cold weather is
as important as it is in hot weather
• In cold weather, you do not realize that
your body is losing fluids and salt
1053-34
TREAT A CASUALTY FOR COLD INJURY
CHILBLAIN
• Acutely red, swollen, hot, tender, • CAUTION: Do not treat with ointments.
and/or itching skin
1053-35
FROSTBITE
Signs and symptoms First aid measures
• Caused by exposure of the skin to cold • Apply local warming using body heat.
temperatures that are usually below 32o F
CAUTION: Avoid thawing the affected area
• A sudden blanching of the skin of the nose, if it is possible that the injury may refreeze
ears, cheeks, fingers, or toes followed by a before reaching the treatment center.
momentary tingling sensation is usually the
first indication. • Loosen or remove constricting clothing
and remove jewelry.
• Mild
- Redness of the skin in light-skinned individuals CAUTION: Do not massage the skin or
and grayish coloring of the skin in dark-skinned rub anything on the frozen parts.
individuals, followed by a flaky sloughing
of the skin • Move the casualty to a sheltered area,
if possible.
• Deep • Protect the affected area from further cold
− Loss of feeling or trauma.
− Pale, yellow, waxy look if the affected area • Evacuate the casualty to the nearest aid station or
is unthawed hospital.
− Solid feel of the frozen tissue
− Blister formation indicates more significant injury NOTE: For frostbite of a lower extremity,
− Appearance of red-violet discoloration 1 to 5 days evacuate the casualty by litter, if possible.
after the injury CAUTION: Do not allow the casualty to
use tobacco or alcohol.
1053-36
HYPOTHERMIA
Signs and symptoms First aid measures
• Moderate
• Caused by prolonged exposure to low − Remove the casualty from the cold environment.
temperatures, especially with wind and wet − Replace wet clothing with dry clothing.
conditions − Cover the casualty with insulating material
• May be caused by immersion in cold water. or blankets
− If available, slowly give sweet warm fluids.
CAUTION: With generalized hypothermia, the
entire body has cooled to dangerous levels. CAUTION: Do not give the casualty alcohol.
This is a medical emergency. Evacuate the casualty lying down.
1053-37
IMMERSION SYNDROME
(Immersion Foot, Trench Foot)
Signs and symptoms First aid measures
• Caused by fairly long (hours to days) • Re-warm the injured part gradually by
exposure of the feet or hands to wet exposing it to warm air.
conditions at temperatures from about • Protect it from trauma and secondary
50° F down to 32° F. infections. Dry, loose clothing or several
layers of warm coverings are preferable
• First phase - (numb) to extreme heat.
− There is no pain sensation, but the • Under no circumstances should the
affected area feels cold. injured part be exposed to an open fire.
− The pulse is weak at the affected area. • Elevate the injured part to relieve the
swelling.
• Second phase - limbs feel hot and/or • Transport the casualty to an MTF as soon
burning and have shooting pains. as possible.
• When the part is re-warmed, the casualty
• Third phase often feels a burning sensation and pain.
− Affected area is pale. • Symptoms may persist for days or weeks
− Weak pulses over affected area. even after re-warming.
1053-39